ESMAP papers

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The Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) is a global knowledge and technical assistance program administered by the World Bank. It provides analytical and advisory services to low‐ and middle‐income countries to increase know‐how and institutional capacity to achieve environmentally sustainable energy solutions for poverty reduction and economic growth. This collection contains technical reports, working papers, knowledge series papers, case studies, formal reports, toolkits, and other such reports not published formally.

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 43
  • Publication
    Uganda Clean Cooking Behavioral Diagnostic
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019) Energy Sector Management Assistance Program
    This report integrates primary and secondary research with COM-B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation – Behavior) theoretical framework for understanding and effecting behavior change and consumer decisions on usage of efficient biomass stoves. Organized around seven themes — awareness, consumer finance, trust, access, understanding, product features, and gender — the report presents the outcomes of stakeholder interviews, consumer focus groups, and household surveys aimed at gaining a deeper understanding of the factors that determine perception of improved stoves and drive consumer decisions. It then proposes behavioral levers that the authors believe may increase the likelihood of uptake of efficient stoves and that can be ultimately used to maximize effectiveness of marketing by the private sector, design awareness campaigns, and sharpen the focus of development projects. The report primarily focuses on issues around improvement of biomass fuel usage efficiency and does not directly consider alternate cooking solutions, which might merit a more comprehensive review.
  • Publication
    Hydropower Atlas of Madagascar
    (Washington, DC, 2017-04) World Bank
    Madagascar has enormous energy resources, particularly renewable ones (hydraulic, solar, wind, biomass), but national energy consumption is still very low, and is dominated by wood energy and its by-products. Madagascar imports all of its petrol products, and energy costs are too high to effectively contribute to social and economic development of the country. ESMAP (Energy Sector Management Assistance Program) is a technical assistance program managed by the World Bank and supported by eleven bilateral donors. ESMAP launched in January 2013 as an initiative to support the efforts of countries to improve knowledge of their renewable energy resources (REN), to establish appropriate institutional frameworks for the development of REN, and to provide free access to geospatial resources and data. This initiative will also support the IRENA-GlobalAtlas program by improving data availability and quality, through an interactive atlas. This study is part of a technical assistance project funded by ESMAP and implemented by the World Bank in Madagascar , which aims to support mapping resources and geospatial planning for small hydropower. It is conducted in close coordination with the Ministry of Energy, the Electricity Regulation Office (ERO), Development Agency of Rural Electrification (DARE) and Jiro sy Rano Malagasy (JIRAMA).
  • Publication
    Double Dividend: Power and Agriculture Nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2017) Banerjee, Sudeshna Ghosh; Tipping, Andrew; Besnard, Juliette; Nash, John
    Increasing access to modern electricity services in Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the main development challenges facing the world over the next two decades. The rural economies are overwhelmingly dependent on agriculture; in fact, agriculture and agribusiness comprise nearly half of Africa’s gross domestic product (GDP). These enterprises require electricity to grow to their potential, while the expansion of rural energy services needs consumers with consistent power needs to serve as a reliable revenue source. Can agriculture and energy come together in Sub-Saharan Africa to offer a double dividend with benefits to enterprises, households, utilities, and private-sector service providers? This is the central question of this study. Combining agricultural load with other household and commercial power demand can increase the feasibility of extending the grid or creating opportunities for independent power producers and mini-grid operators. Drawing on a suite of case studies, this study offers insights on what it will take to operationalize the opportunities and address the challenges for power-agriculture integration in Africa.
  • Publication
    Scalable Business Models for Alternative Biomass Cooking Fuels and Their Potential in Sub-Saharan Africa
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2017) Hosier, Richard; Kappen, Jan; Hyseni, Besnik; Tao, Nuyi; Usui, Kenta
    Building on its previous work on clean cooking in Africa, the World Bank has begun to explore intervention strategies for the clean cooking sector that move beyond stoves to examine the potential for cleaner-burning biomass fuels. This report focuses on the potential for scaling biofuel markets in the region for cooking as opposed to heating or industrial uses, specifically carbonized and uncarbonized biomass briquettes, biomass pellets, ethanol fuel, and ethanol gel. Models are explored for scaling the cooking fuel value chains while balancing the environmental health, social, and economic impacts of the fuels at the household and national level. While this report focuses solely on pellets, briquettes, and ethanol, referred to here as alternative biofuels, LPG, electricity, and biogas also have a role to play in a clean cooking ecosystem.
  • Publication
    Making Power Affordable for Africa and Viable for Its Utilities
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2016-10) Kojima, Masami; Trimble, Chris
    Examination of the financial viability of power sectors in 39 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa shows that only two countries have a financially viable power sector, and only 19 cover operating expenditures. Quasi-fiscal deficits average 1.5 percent of gross domestic product. If operational inefficiencies can be eliminated, power sectors in 13 countries become financially viable. In the remaining two-thirds of the countries, tariffs will likely have to be increased even after attaining benchmark operational efficiency. Analysis of power tariffs in another 39 African countries shows that about half of them have small first blocks with low lifeline rates. Data from national household expenditure surveys in 22 African countries show that the subsistence level of grid electricity is affordable to the vast majority of the population in many countries with low rates of access. However, benefits of progressive tariffs are compromised by the widespread practice of multiple connections, prompted by high costs of grid connection. Examination of the sex of the head of household shows that female-headed households are not disadvantaged in electricity use once income and the place of residence (urban or rural) are taken into account. However, female-headed households tend to be poorer, making it all the more important to focus on helping the poor.
  • Publication
    Energizing Africa: Achievements and Lessons from the Africa Renewable Energy and Access Program Phase I
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2015) World Bank Group
    Access to energy and economic development go hand in hand. Improving electricity supply and distribution boosts economic growth, creates jobs, and expands the reach of educational and health services. It can also empower women, providing income-generating opportunities and enabling them to spend their time more productively. Unfortunately, more than 589 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) live without access to electricity: only 35 percent of the population in SSA has access, compared with 96 and 78 percent in East Asia Pacific and South Asia, respectively. For most Africans, electric power is inaccessible, unaffordable, or unreli¬able. The lack of both quality energy services and access to modern sources of fuel, such as natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), diesel, and biofuels, traps them in a world of poverty. The World Bank Group’s engagement in the energy sector is designed to help client countries secure the af¬fordable, reliable, and sustainable energy supply needed to end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity. The Bank’s approach mirrors the objectives of the Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) initiative, achieving universal access, accelerating improvements in energy efficiency, and doubling the global share of renewable energy by 2030. The Bank recognizes that each country determines its own path for achieving its energy aspirations: each country’s sustainable energy transition involves a unique mix of opportunities and challenges, prompting different emphases on access, efficiency and renewable.
  • Publication
    Results-based Financing for Clean Cookstoves in Uganda
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2014-04) IMC Worldwide
    This report was prepared by IMC Worldwide for the Africa Clean Cooking Energy Solutions (ACCES) initiative of the World Bank. The report sets out the opportunity for implementing results-based financing (RBF) to support the clean cookstoves sector in Uganda. The fundamental idea behind RBF is that payments to a service provider are made contingent on the delivery of a pre-agreed result, with achievement of the result being subject to independent verification. An RBF approach is feasible as part of a broad package of measures to scale up the efficient and clean cooking sector in Uganda, the larger goal being to achieve a range of benefits, including health, in coordination with the government and key stakeholders. Results-based incentives should be combined with robust monitoring and verification arrangements, institutional strengthening, and awareness-raising campaigns to support progress in the sector over time. The World Bank is exploring RBF as a means of sustaining impact through market-level development. This study focuses on cookstoves rather than the full value chain (including cooking fuels) because the disconnect between cookstove suppliers and final customers is a key bottleneck in the supply chain. Financing is one of many tools available to support development of the sector. The main body of the report is structured as follows. Chapter 2 examines the innovation ecosystem for cookstoves in Uganda. This includes the main actors and activities, the market segments for improved cookstoves and the current penetration of ICS into different geographical zones of the country. It also looks at the different products and business models as well as the barriers to scaling up. Chapter 3 identifies various policy objectives and grades various RBF options against a set of screening criteria. The result is a shortlist of RBF options that could usefully be incorporated into future program design. Chapter 4 explores initial design considerations for RBF in this context including eligibility, trigger, payment structure, size of payment and exit strategy, as based on the ESMAP report. It covers the possible market responses to the shortlisted RBF approaches and makes a preliminary assessment of value for money. Finally, it considers ways in which RBF approaches might best be implemented on a practical level. Chapter 5 outlines the recommendations, summarizing key constraints to scale-up and noting the complementary measures needed to ensure successful RBF implementation.
  • Publication
    Rwanda - Extending Access to Energy : Lessons from a Sector-Wide Approach
    (Washington, DC, 2013-01) World Bank
    Rwanda is one of the first countries to use a Sector Wide-Approach (SWAp) in the energy sector to increase access to electricity. The SWAp emerged in the 1990s as an alternative to traditional development aid. The SWAp-based on a country-led, results-focused framework-encourages engagement across all sector stakeholders to ensure that investments work together to contribute to desired outcomes. With the assistance of energy sector management assistance program's Africa Renewable Energy Access (AFREA) program. This report provides a number of key lessons realized from the Rwanda energy SWAp for development partners and governments considering using such an approach. Country and government ownership and leadership is essential for efficient program planning and implementation, as is an alignment with national priorities and policies. In 2009, Rwanda initiated a SWAp in the energy sector to help achieve its target of increasing access to electricity from 6 percent of the population to 16 percent over a five-year period, through 2013. The ongoing program also focuses on providing off-grid access to electricity for schools, hospitals, and administrative buildings that would not have electricity otherwise. The SWAp's main objectives include: determining a high-level investment and capacity building plan for sustainable and predictable financing over the term of the program; enabling electricity access expansion to meet Rwanda's national targets; and attaining supply adequacy by expanding generation capacity by qualified independent power producers.
  • Publication
    Energy Access and Productive Uses for the Urban Poor : Final Report on Ghana Scoping Study
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2011-11) The Energy and Resources Institute
    The aim of the scoping study was to gain an understanding of the productive activities slum dwellers engage in that rely on energy services and the potentials and challenges of slums in Ghana regarding access to modern energy services and income generation from productive activities. The objective of the ESMED-EAfUP (Energy Sector Management Assistance Program - ESMAP/SME Development - Energy Access for the Urban Poor) programme is 'to create and sustain a network of energy practitioners to support development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) as users and providers of modern energy services for slum upgrading programs.'. Using ability to adopt safer and modern energy forms as a criterion in assessing the effective deployment of safer and modern energy forms, the study concluded that the high propensity to save is an opportunity for their deployment if they can be sensitized about the benefits of using modern energy forms, which many of the slum dwellers are not aware of. Most enterprise owners could also capitalize on the credit policies of the financial institutions they saved with to adopt the modern energy forms. Lack of education and limited awareness about the benefits of using clean, efficient and improved energy forms were some of the reasons for the use of inefficient and illegal energy forms among the slum dwellers. The study recommends awareness creation among the slum dwellers about the benefits of using legal, clean and efficient energy forms in productive enterprises, which the Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) can take up. A major benefit of this study which is worth mentioning is the learning and sharing that took place among the research team because apart from the findings of this study that unraveled some relevant information that many stakeholders working in the cities of Ghana did not know about slums, there was also a lot of sharing of experiences that took place.
  • Publication
    Expanding Women's Role in Africa's Modern Off-Grid Lighting Market
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2011-10-04) Alstone, Peter; Niethammer, Carmen; Mendonça, Brendon; Eftimie, Adriana
    Lighting is a basic human need and, along with cooking, is a fundamental driver of fuel demand for low-income households in the developing world. Women and men without access to electricity typically rely on expensive, inefficient and hazardous lighting devices like kerosene lamps and candles to bring light to their homes and businesses. The annual spending for fuel based lighting worldwide approaches $40 billion, and a growing range of modern lighting products that incorporate innovative designs and business models are gaining market share. Modern off-grid lighting devices combine the latest advances in clean energy technology (for example, solar, LED, and advanced batteries) to provide a safe, efficient, affordable alternative to fuel based lighting. This report focuses on women's role in the expanding market for modern off-grid lighting. In the context of access to energy and lighting, the aim of this work is to identify whether there are any women-specific opportunities in the off-grid lighting market that could enhance product profitability while also improving lives.