Transport Papers
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Publication
From Connectivity to Opportunity: Leveraging regional corridors to support growth and development in Guinea
(Washington, DC, 2023-11-06)The objectives of this study are to (1) assess the impact of regional and internal connectivity on jobs and access to services and (2) to provide recommendations for policy reforms and investments. This analysis uses quantitative and qualitative approaches to understand the opportunities that better connectivity provides for secondary cities in Guinea,what factors might constrain the potential for growth and,how policy makers at different levels of government should respond to maximize the benefits of economic corridors. This analysis also aims to provide a better understanding of the relative impact of transport improvements and direct trade facilitation reforms. Finally, the study assesses complementary reforms, investments, and overall policies to develop practical and implementable recommendations that could be deployed to enhance the returns to better trade and connectivity to urban areas in Guinea. -
Publication
The Container Port Performance Index 2022: A Comparable Assessment of Performance Based on Vessel Time in Port
(World Bank, 2023-05-18)The purpose of the CPPI is to help identify opportunities to improve a terminal or a port that will ultimately benefit all public and private stakeholders. The CPPI is intended to serve as a benchmark for important stakeholders in the global economy, including national governments, port authorities and operators, development agencies, supranational organizations, various maritime interests, and other public and private stakeholders engaged in trade, logistics, and supply chain services. The joint team from the World Bank and S&P Global Market Intelligence intends to enhance the methodology, scope, and data in future annual iterations, reflecting refinement, stakeholder feedback, and improvements in data scope and quality -
Publication
Croatian Logistics: Opportunities for Sustainable Competitiveness
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-06-04)Croatia needs to find new sources of economic growth to attain income convergence with the EU; this was true before the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, and it is an even more urgent challenge now. Improvements in freight logistics, which permeate the tradeable economy and domestic commerce, can become a catalyst of productivity growth, business resilience, and environmentally sustainable economic expansion for Croatia. Efficient logistics facilitate trade by improving access to markets through connectivity improvements and cost competitiveness. This report takes stock of Croatia’s logistics sector at the national level. It aims to describe the sector’s supply-demand composition, identify challenges and opportunities to improve sectoral performance, and recommend public policy measures to address these challenges and meet the opportunities at hand. -
Publication
Modern Railway Services in Africa: Building Traffic - Building Value
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-09-25)The role of rail in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) changed considerably in the latter years of the twentieth century. Although some upgrading has occurred, most SSA networks outside South Africa are still operating to the standards to which they were originally constructed. To encourage the commercialization of the railways and reduce the burden on government finances, several countries concessioned their rail system from the 1990’s on. However, rail infrastructure improvements which encourage modal shift generate benefits from lower road congestion and maintenance costs, fewer road accidents, less pollution, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. In recent years, many governments in Africa have therefore taken a renewed interest in rehabilitating and upgrading their railways, or in constructing new ones. They desire to improve their logistics efficiency and promote a green mode of transport that is less carbon intensive than road. The railways in Africa can be divided into four broad groups: mineral railways; new railways; legacy railways; and commuter railways. This note reviews the current situation and discusses the challenges and possible approaches to address them. -
Publication
Mobile Cooling: Assessment of Challenges and Options
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-06-23)This paper provides background on the issue of cooling in land transportation applications including road, rail and refrigerated container shipping. The paper analyzes the impacts of mobile cooling on energy demand, carbon emissions, economic and development issues. It also considers how mobile cooling demand will grow over time under constrained and un-constrained conditions. Additionally, the paper aims to outline technologies that could reduce the impact of mobile cooling provision and the policies that are in place to encourage take-up and efficiency. Lastly, the paper highlights the remaining policy gaps and recommendations for policy action to advance mobile cooling access and reduce its impact on the environment. -
Publication
Guide for Road Safety Opportunities and Challenges: Low and Middle Income Country Profiles
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-02-20)Low, and middle-income countries (LMICs) are facing a major challenge in road safety. Each year, 1.35 million people are killed on the worlds’ roads, and a further 50 million are injured, with the vast majority of these (over 90 percent) occurring in LMICs. There is an upward trend in road crash fatalities and injuries, causing human suffering, grief, and loss, and retarding the economic growth of LMICs. One major barrier to improving this situation is a lack of understanding of the current problem due to deficient information. Many vital metrics of road safety performance are not measured effectively in most LMICs, including critical intermediate outcomes which guide road safety interventions and the most fundamental outcome measures: actual number of road crash fatalities and injuries. This situation generates limitations in every aspect of road safety management and delivery, including resource allocation, advocacy, intervention selection, and prioritization of resources. The globally accepted best-practice approach to addressing the road safety crisis is the Safe System approach. This consists of a system of ‘pillars’ working together to eliminate death and serious injury. Information is required on progress against each of these pillars in order to understand current deficiencies and opportunities in road safety activity, to plan a response to the crisis, to help set ambitious targets for improvement, and to monitor progress towards these targets and thus develop advocacy for and commitment to the interventions which work. This report provides country profiles with information across each Safe System pillar from LMICs in order to directly address these issues. The data to provide these reports were collected from multiple sources, as documented in this report, and are provided foreach LMIC and region where available. -
Publication
Guide for Road Safety Interventions: Evidence of What Works and What Does Not Work
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020)This guide provides advice on 'What Works and What Does Not Work' in road safety, with a focus on interventions that can be used by those working in low- and middle-come countries (LMICs). While the intended audience is primarily those working in LMICs, it is likely that the information will be of relevance in all countries. The contents will be valuable to those working on road safety at the policy or practitioner level, including World Bank Technical Team Leaders and those in client countries seeking to establish or expand road safety programs. The guide introduces the topic of road safety interventions, a summary of findings, and references for more detailed information. The document sets knowledge within a ‘Safe System’ context and highlights the need for an evidence-based approach across Safe System components. At the core of this guide is a summary table with an overview of beneficial and nonbeneficial interventions. This is supported in an appendix with more detailed information, including case studies and reference to the evidence base to support the summary. In this guide, effective interventions are defined as those that reduce fatal and serious injuries. The most effective interventions are those that substantially reduce or eliminate these injuries. Ineffective interventions therefore are those interventions that do not reduce these injuries. The focus of the guide is on intervention effectiveness in terms of this fatal and serious injury reduction, and not on issues such as cost, public acceptability, period of benefit (treatment or service life), or related issues. Although intervention effectiveness should be a main driving force when selecting road safety solutions, these other issues also need to be considered. For example, an economic analysis comparing the costs for interventions and their likely benefits (or savings in crash costs) is important to ensure that interventions are cost-effective and that limited resources are invested in the most beneficial solutions. Information has not been provided on this aspect of effectiveness in this guide as this analysis is context specific (for instance, the cost of interventions may vary substantially between countries or even different road environments within a country). -
Publication
Improving Freight Transit and Logistics Performance of the Trans-Caucasus Transit Corridor: Strategy and Action Plan
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-01)This strategy and action plan put forward a guiding vision for the trans-Caucasus transit corridor (CTC), with a focus on the part to be played by Georgia and Azerbaijan to develop the CTC into a competitive alternative to other regional routes for the transport of goods, especially for containerized goods between China and Europe, and to promote a solid and professional transport system in the two countries, in association with neighboring economies (Kazakhstan, Turkey, and others). The implementation of this strategy and action plan will ensure that the corridor is operated in an efficient way that augments the economic benefits of the infrastructure works, attracting traffic, and reducing operating costs. The strategy outlines five strategic targets that define a path to successfully navigate the institutional and functional changes presented by the action plan: (i) reduce major nonphysical barriers to the efficiency of the CTC; (ii) remove physical barriers, by, for example, interconnecting infrastructure more efficiently, and installing intermodal facilities; (iii) improve institutional frameworks, including the establishment of a coordinating body to streamline and strengthen governance transport along the CTC and promote and support its development; (iv) develop a transnational regulatory framework; and (v) build capacity in the logistics sector. -
Publication
Addressing Climate Change in Transport: Volume 2 : Pathway to Resilient Transport
(World Bank, Hanoi, 2019-09-01)Climate change is set to have profound effects on Vietnam’s development. With nearly sixty percent of its land area and seventy percent of population at risk of multiple natural hazards, Vietnam globally is among the most vulnerable countries to both chronic and extreme events. At the same time, as Vietnam’s economy grows, the country is becoming a significant emitter of greenhouse gases. While Vietnam’s absolute volume of emissions is still small compared to that of larger and richer countries, emissions are growing rapidly and disproportionate to its economy size. The transport sector plays a critical role in these recent trends. This study aims to set out a vision and strategy for climate-smart transport, in order to minimize the carbon footprint of the sector while ensuring its resilience against future risks. The analytical findings and recommendations are presented in two volumes of the report. The first volume provides how Vietnam can reduce its carbon emissions by employing a mix of diverse policies and investments, under varying levels of ambition and resources. The second volume provides a methodological framework to analyze network criticality and vulnerability, and to prioritize investments to enhance resilience. -
Publication
Addressing Climate Change in Transport: Volume 1 : Pathway to Low-Carbon Transport
(World Bank, Hanoi, 2019-09-01)Climate change is set to have profound effects on Vietnam’s development. With nearly sixty percent of its land area and seventy percent of population at risk of multiple natural hazards, Vietnam globally is among the most vulnerable countries to both chronic and extreme events. At the same time, as Vietnam’s economy grows, the country is becoming a significant emitter of greenhouse gases. While Vietnam’s absolute volume of emissions is still small compared to that of larger and richer countries, emissions are growing rapidly and disproportionate to its economy size. The transport sector plays a critical role in these recent trends. This study aims to set out a vision and strategy for climate-smart transport, in order to minimize the carbon footprint of the sector while ensuring its resilience against future risks. The analytical findings and recommendations are presented in two volumes of the report. The first volume provides how Vietnam can reduce its carbon emissions by employing a mix of diverse policies and investments, under varying levels of ambition and resources. The second volume provides a methodological framework to analyze network criticality and vulnerability, and to prioritize investments to enhance resilience.