Transport Papers
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Publication
The Container Port Performance Index 2022: A Comparable Assessment of Performance Based on Vessel Time in Port
(World Bank, 2023-05-18)The purpose of the CPPI is to help identify opportunities to improve a terminal or a port that will ultimately benefit all public and private stakeholders. The CPPI is intended to serve as a benchmark for important stakeholders in the global economy, including national governments, port authorities and operators, development agencies, supranational organizations, various maritime interests, and other public and private stakeholders engaged in trade, logistics, and supply chain services. The joint team from the World Bank and S&P Global Market Intelligence intends to enhance the methodology, scope, and data in future annual iterations, reflecting refinement, stakeholder feedback, and improvements in data scope and quality -
Publication
The Container Port Performance Index 2021: A Comparable Assessment of Container Port Performance
(Washington, DC, 2022)World Bank and S&P Global Market Intelligence container port performance index and underlying data are intended to identify gaps and opportunities for improvement that would benefit all key stakeholders in global trade, including governments, shipping lines, port and terminal operators, shippers, logistics companies and consumers. The ranking is based on time vessels needed to spend in port to complete workloads over the course of 2021, a year that saw unprecedented port congestion and disruption to global supply chains. The Container Port Performance Index is based on total port hours per ship call, defined as the elapsed time between when a ship reaches a port to its departure from the berth having completed its cargo exchange. Greater or lesser workloads are accounted for by examining the underlying data within ten different call size ranges. Five distinct ship size groups are accounted for in the methodology given the potential for greater fuel and emissions savings on larger vessels. -
Publication
Croatian Logistics: Opportunities for Sustainable Competitiveness
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-06-04)Croatia needs to find new sources of economic growth to attain income convergence with the EU; this was true before the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, and it is an even more urgent challenge now. Improvements in freight logistics, which permeate the tradeable economy and domestic commerce, can become a catalyst of productivity growth, business resilience, and environmentally sustainable economic expansion for Croatia. Efficient logistics facilitate trade by improving access to markets through connectivity improvements and cost competitiveness. This report takes stock of Croatia’s logistics sector at the national level. It aims to describe the sector’s supply-demand composition, identify challenges and opportunities to improve sectoral performance, and recommend public policy measures to address these challenges and meet the opportunities at hand. -
Publication
The Container Port Performance Index 2020: A Comparable Assessment of Container Port Performance
(Washington, DC, 2021)Maritime transport is the backbone of globalized trade and the manufacturing supply chain, with more than four-fifths of global merchandise trade (by volume) carried by sea. Accordingly, how a maritime port performs is a crucial element in the cost of international trade for a country. Despite the centrality of the port to global value chains, one of the major challenges to stimulating improvement has been the lack of a reliable, consistent, and comparable basis on which to compare operational performance across different ports. The introduction of new technologies, increased digitization, and the willingness of industry interests to work collectively toward systemwide improvements has now provided the opportunity to measure and compare container port performance in a robust and reliable manner for the first time. This technical paper, which presents the inaugural edition of the Container Port Performance Index (CPPI 2020), has been produced by the World Bank’s Transport Global Practice, in collaboration with IHS Markit. The CPPI is intended to identify gaps and opportunities for improvement that will ultimately benefit all stakeholders from shipping lines to national governments to consumers. -
Publication
Modern Railway Services in Africa: Building Traffic - Building Value
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-09-25)The role of rail in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) changed considerably in the latter years of the twentieth century. Although some upgrading has occurred, most SSA networks outside South Africa are still operating to the standards to which they were originally constructed. To encourage the commercialization of the railways and reduce the burden on government finances, several countries concessioned their rail system from the 1990’s on. However, rail infrastructure improvements which encourage modal shift generate benefits from lower road congestion and maintenance costs, fewer road accidents, less pollution, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. In recent years, many governments in Africa have therefore taken a renewed interest in rehabilitating and upgrading their railways, or in constructing new ones. They desire to improve their logistics efficiency and promote a green mode of transport that is less carbon intensive than road. The railways in Africa can be divided into four broad groups: mineral railways; new railways; legacy railways; and commuter railways. This note reviews the current situation and discusses the challenges and possible approaches to address them. -
Publication
Mobile Cooling: Assessment of Challenges and Options
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-06-23)This paper provides background on the issue of cooling in land transportation applications including road, rail and refrigerated container shipping. The paper analyzes the impacts of mobile cooling on energy demand, carbon emissions, economic and development issues. It also considers how mobile cooling demand will grow over time under constrained and un-constrained conditions. Additionally, the paper aims to outline technologies that could reduce the impact of mobile cooling provision and the policies that are in place to encourage take-up and efficiency. Lastly, the paper highlights the remaining policy gaps and recommendations for policy action to advance mobile cooling access and reduce its impact on the environment. -
Publication
Guide for Road Safety Opportunities and Challenges: Low and Middle Income Country Profiles
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-02-20)Low, and middle-income countries (LMICs) are facing a major challenge in road safety. Each year, 1.35 million people are killed on the worlds’ roads, and a further 50 million are injured, with the vast majority of these (over 90 percent) occurring in LMICs. There is an upward trend in road crash fatalities and injuries, causing human suffering, grief, and loss, and retarding the economic growth of LMICs. One major barrier to improving this situation is a lack of understanding of the current problem due to deficient information. Many vital metrics of road safety performance are not measured effectively in most LMICs, including critical intermediate outcomes which guide road safety interventions and the most fundamental outcome measures: actual number of road crash fatalities and injuries. This situation generates limitations in every aspect of road safety management and delivery, including resource allocation, advocacy, intervention selection, and prioritization of resources. The globally accepted best-practice approach to addressing the road safety crisis is the Safe System approach. This consists of a system of ‘pillars’ working together to eliminate death and serious injury. Information is required on progress against each of these pillars in order to understand current deficiencies and opportunities in road safety activity, to plan a response to the crisis, to help set ambitious targets for improvement, and to monitor progress towards these targets and thus develop advocacy for and commitment to the interventions which work. This report provides country profiles with information across each Safe System pillar from LMICs in order to directly address these issues. The data to provide these reports were collected from multiple sources, as documented in this report, and are provided foreach LMIC and region where available. -
Publication
Delivering Road Safety in Sri Lanka: Leadership Priorities and Initiatives to 2030
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-02-20)High road crash fatality and injury rates on Sri Lanka’s roads are undermining the economic growth and progress made over the past decade on reducing poverty and boosting prosperity. Estimated annual road crash deaths per capita in Sri Lanka are twice the average rate in high-income countries and fi ve times that of the best performing countries in the world. Available data indicate an average of 38,000 crashes annually which result in around 3,000 fatalities and 8,000 serious injuries. Sri Lanka has the worst road fatality rate among its immediate neighbors in the South Asia region. -
Publication
Delivering Road Safety in Nepal: Leadership Priorities and Initiatives to 2030
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-02-20)Road crash deaths and injuries in Nepal have been on a sharp upward trajectory since the early 2000s. In fi scal year 2017–18, 2,541 road deaths were offi cially reported in Nepal, which is equivalent to a fatality rate of 8.59 per 100,000 population. In the same period, 4,144 serious injury and several minor injury victims were also offi cially reported. However, according to World Health Organization data the estimated fatality rate in 2016 was 15.9 per 100,000 population, which is nearly double the offi cial estimate. In 2016, vulnerable road users (pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists) accounted for around 72 percent of all road fatality victims, among the highest levels in the region, with pedestrians accounting for half of these. Road deaths have a disproportionate impact on the young, working age population. About 40 percent of people killed on Nepal’s roads in 2017 –18 were less than 26 years old. In 2016, transport injuries were the second leading cause of death among men aged 15–49-years. -
Publication
Delivering Road Safety in India: Leadership Priorities and Initiatives to 2030
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-02-20)India has the world’s highest reported number of annual road crash fatalities. According to the World Health Organization, road crash fatalities in India account for approximately 11 percent of the estimated 1.35 million global toll each year. Vulnerable road users, primarily pedestrians, cyclists, and two-wheelers, account for almost 54 percent of all fatalities and serious injuries. The young, working-age population is predominantly aff ected. Road users between the ages of 18 and 45 comprise 69 percent of all fatalities. This disproportionate impact of road crash mortality and morbidity on this economically productive segment of the population has a negative impact on productivity and is likely to signifi cantly depress GDP growth rates.