Miscellaneous Knowledge Notes
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Publication
Spatial Heterogeneity and Household Life Cycle in the Multidimensional Poverty Index: The Case of Colombia
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019-06-14)This note discusses the evolution of the MPI in Colombia since 2010 and describes some of the challenges associated with the spatial heterogeneity of multidimensional poverty across urban and rural areas, and the relationship between life cycle and the evolution of the MPI over time. Also, this note opens a discussion that has not been yet addressed by the literature on how to update the indicators in the MPI once these are no longer capturing significant deprivations. -
Publication
Colombia: Can a Management and Information System Improve Education Quality?
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019-02-28)The Results in Education for All Children (REACH) Trust Fund at the World Bank funded the development of a Management & Information System to monitor the quality of the education system in Colombia. This system builds on existing monitoring tools, which focus on outcome measures such as test scores but do not capture intermediate quality indicators that can shed light on how learning outcomes are achieved. The overarching purpose of this system is to foster improvement in the education system by informing the decision-making and everyday activities of education practitioners and policymakers. This can be achieved by: (i) gathering detailed and relevant information about activities within schools and (ii) managing the information efficiently and making it accessible to users to enable them to analyze, understand, and provide evidence-based recommendations on how to improve education quality. This monitoring system is not intended to be an accountability mechanism for schools but rather a management tool for stakeholders to understand the strengths and weaknesses of the education system and take appropriate action. -
Publication
Gender Differences in Poverty in Colombia
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2018-08)This note presents the gender poverty profiles for Colombia using a lifecycle approach. In Colombia, as in the vast majority of countries around the world, girls and boys are consistently poorer than adults and seniors. Notwithstanding, the difference on poverty rates between women and men during their reproductive age in Colombia is around 6 p.p. while in the world is around 2 p.p. Another interesting finding is that the likelihood of being poor diminishes with formal education, for both women and men. Nevertheless, as the level of formal education increases, the share of women among the poor do so also. This note is organized as follows: section one presents the poverty rates for women and men, by education level, marital status, location, and employment type. Section two presents the results of the lifecycle approach. The authors present the gender poverty profile when variables as age, demographic, and economic composition are combined with gender, to define the profiles. And finally, section three presents some final remarks. -
Publication
Distributional Effects of Investments in Road Infrastructure: The Case of Colombia's 4th Generation Concession Program
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2018-08)Estimating ex-ante distributional impacts of road infrastructure is increasingly important to better understand the poverty effects of these investments. This note presents such analysis for the ongoing 4th generation (4G) road concessions program in Colombia, which involves the concession of 40 new roads and the transformation of 8,170 kilometers of road network. An ex-ante evaluation of the program suggests that 180,000 jobs will be created and that moderate and extreme poverty would decline by 0.5 and 0.3 percentage points, respectively. -
Publication
Incentives for Improving Water Supply and Sanitation Service Delivery: A South American Perspective
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2018-05-14)Since 2016, the World Bank’s Water and Governance Global Practices have been implementing the Policy, Institutional and Regulatory (PIR) Incentives Initiative to gain deeper insight into the dynamics between water supply and sanitation (WSS) sector incentive mechanisms. PIR is a global framework for understanding factors that can contribute to positive sector outcomes at the country level. This knowledge brief uses a PIR framework to provide a snapshot of the experiences of five countries in South America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Peru. The brief showcases the wide variety of incentives created by governments to successfully motivate people (as individuals or as part of an institution) to do their part in an integrated PIR system and how a lack of such integration may produce perverse incentives that prohibit the achievement of sector goals. Governments looking to strengthen the WSS sector should, therefore, take a holistic approach to sector reform and one that seeks to align PIR incentives through integrated interventions. This alignment includes harmonization between sector objectives, rules of the game, and mechanisms for implementation. Of critical importance is the financial and human resource capacity of sector institutions. Countries in South America need to move beyond the technical solutions that enabled them to achieve the MDGs and in the process carefully consider the drivers for reform and the best fit for the prevailing institutional context.