Miscellaneous Knowledge Notes

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COVID-19 Monitoring Survey in Poor and Slum Areas of Dhaka and Chittagong: Bangladesh Labor Market Situation As of Round 3, January 13 - February 27, 2021
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021) World Bank
To track the impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on labor markets and household coping strategies, a rapid phone survey was implemented on a representative sample of households living in poor and slum areas of Dhaka and Chittagong City Corporations (CCs). This brief, the fifth in the series, summarizes results from the first, second, and third rounds of the rapid phone survey, conducted from June 10 to July 10, 2020, from September 2 to October 11, 2020, and from January 13 to February 27, 2021, respectively. Eighty-eight percent of respondents interviewed in the first and second survey rounds were reached in the third round (see annex 1 for details of the survey design and response rates). This brief focuses on how the labor-market situation evolved between the rounds a year after the onset of the crisis.
COVID-19 Monitoring Survey in Poor and Slum Areas of Dhaka and Chittagong: Bangladesh Food Security and Coping Strategies as of Round 2, September 2 - October 2020
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021) World Bank
By September 2020, Dhaka and Chittagong labor markets in Bangladesh showed signs of recovery in employment. Employment recovered faster in Chittagong, reaching pre-COVID-19 levels, while Dhaka remained below pre-COVID-19 employment levels. To track the impacts of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis on labor markets and household coping strategies, a rapid phone survey was implemented on a representative sample of households living in poor and slum areas of Dhaka and Chittagong City Corporations (CCs). This brief, the third in the series, summarizes results from the first and second rounds of the rapid phone survey, conducted from June 10 to July 10, 2020, and from September 2 to October 11, 2020. Ninety-four percent of respondents interviewed in the first survey round were reached in the second round. This brief focuses on how the labor market situation, and how food security and coping strategies evolved between the two rounds.
COVID-19 Monitoring Survey in Poor and Slum Areas of Dhaka and Chittagong: Bangladesh Labor Market Situation as of Round 2, September 2 - October 11, 2020
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021) World Bank
By September 2020, Dhaka and Chittagong labor markets in Bangladesh showed signs of recovery in employment. Employment recovered faster in Chittagong, reaching pre-COVID-19 levels, while Dhaka remained below pre-COVID-19 employment levels. To track the impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on labor markets and household coping strategies, a rapid phone survey was implemented on a representative sample of households living in poor and slum areas of Dhaka and Chittagong City Corporations (CCs). This brief, the third in the series, summarizes results from the first and second rounds of the rapid phone survey, conducted from June 10 to July 10, 2020, and from September 2 to October 11, 2020. Ninety-four percent of respondents interviewed in the first survey round were reached in the second round. This brief focuses on how the labor market situation evolved between the two rounds.
Social Inclusion: Implementation, Outcomes and Key Learnings
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-03) Singh, Varun; Rani, P. Usha
The Government of India (GoI) approved the National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) in June 2011 to implement a renewed demand-driven strategy of rural poverty alleviation and sustainable livelihoods, based on universal social mobilization, building community -managed institutions of the poor, and universal financial inclusion. The central objective of the NRLM is to ‘establish efficient and effective institutional platforms of the rural poor that enable them to increase household (HH) incomes through livelihood enhancements and improved access to financial and public services.’
Institution Building and Capacity Building in NRLM
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-03) Mitra, Shouvik; Kande, Narender; Rani, P. Usha
The main design principle behind self help groups (SHGs) organizations of rural poor women at the village level was to empower women by mobilizing them into small groups, facilitating interactions and financial literacy, and federating them into higher-order organization to unleash the potential of self help. The movement was initiated in the late 1980s by the Mysore resettlement and development agency (MYRADA) in Karnataka and by professional assistance for development action (PRADAN) in Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan. In 2000, the World Bank supported the Andhra Pradesh district poverty initiative project (APDPIP or VELEGU) project, which leveraged their existing work on SHGs, integrated new lessons and scaled-up the SHG program across the state. In order to leverage the World Bank experience of supporting livelihoods projects in states like AP, Bihar, Odisha and Tamil Nadu, the government of India (GoI) approved a World Bank supported National Rural Livelihoods Project (NRLP) to be implemented in thirteen major States in the country and aimed at creating proof. The World Bank designed the NRLP in the year 2011 with a vision to mainstream SHGs as the primary intervention strategy for rural development. The major pillars for SHG functions were defined as institution building, financial inclusion, livelihood strengthening, women’s empowerment, vulnerability reduction with partnerships and convergence as a cross-cutting theme. Experience suggests that triggering of women’s agency at the community level through provision of strategic inputs coupled with a conducive micro-environment not only enhances a woman’s well-being within her household but also has the potential to transform the community at large.
Transforming Rural Farm Livelihoods: The NRLM Journey
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-03) Singh, Anjani Kumar; Pinto, Alreena Renita; Singh, Paramveer; De, Alok
The agriculture sector is the largest employer in India, providing direct employment to more than fifty percent of the nation’s workforce. Small and marginal farmers with landholdings of less than two hectares comprise eighty-six percent of all agricultural labour, reflecting high land fragmentation and low economies of scale. Mainstream extension and agriculture support services are not customized for these farmer segments, limiting their capacity to access improved production inputs and technology. The situation is even more complicated for women farmers who constitute nearly forty-three percent of India’s agricultural labour force. The DAY-NRLM farm livelihoods strategy evolved against this background to leverage the program’s social infrastructure of sixty-eight million households mobilized into exclusively women based self healp groups (SHGs) and higher federations, in order to deliver intensive and targeted capacity building of small farmers and streamline access to credit for farm needs. Key sub-sectors under the DAY-NRLM farm livelihoods portfolio include agriculture, livestock and non-timber Forest Produce (NTFP), supported through a combination of programs including the Mahila kisan sashaktikaran pariyojna (MKSP), National rural livelihoods project (NRLP) and Sustainable livelihoods and adaptation to climate change (SLACC). The farm livelihoods strategy under DAY-NRLM has evolved over the years from its initial focus on enhancing productivity through improved inputs and production methods, to a suite of interventions that address multiple entry points in the agriculture value chain.
COVID-19 Monitoring Survey in Poor and Slum Areas of Dhaka and Chittagong: Bangladesh Food Security and Coping Strategies from Round 1, June 10 to July 10, 2020
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020) World Bank
To track the impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on labor markets and household coping strategies, a rapid phone survey was implemented on a representative sample of households living in poor and slum areas of Dhaka and Chittagong City Corporations (CCs). This brief summarizes results from the first round of the rapid phone survey, conducted from June 10 to July 10, 2020 (see Appendix one for details of the survey design). This first brief in the series focuses on the labor market impacts of COVID-19.
COVID-19 Monitoring Survey in Poor and Slum Areas of Dhaka and Chittagong: Labor Markets Impacts From Round 1 (10 June-10 July 2020)
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020) World Bank
To track the impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on labor markets and household coping strategies, a rapid phone survey was implemented on a representative sample of households living in poor and slum areas of Dhaka and Chittagong City Corporations (CCs). This brief summarizes results from the first round of the rapid phone survey, conducted from June 10 to July 10, 2020 (see Appendix one for details of the survey design). This first brief in the series focuses on the labor market impacts of COVID-19.
Insights from the Household Roster on Demographics and Educational Attainment in Cox's Bazar
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019-11-03) World Bank
Administered to 5020 households, evenly split between Rohingya campsites and host communities, the household roster collects basic information on all members of the household. In addition to basic demographic characteristics, the module includes information on education for all members of the household. The descriptives confirm that the Bangladeshi population living in Cox’s Bazar is vulnerable and poor by national standards; and this was the case even before the influx of the Rohingya into the sub-districts of Teknaf and Ukhia. At the same time, the Rohingya population living in campsites faces high levels of need, and fare worse than the host community across a range of indicators related to household demographics and education.
Poverty and Social Exclusion in India: Overview
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2012) Mehta, Soumya Kapoor; Das, Maitreyi Bordia
The report’s main objective is to track development outcomes for three select groups - scheduled tribes (STs), scheduled castes (SCs), and women - that have traditionally faced exclusion in India. It asks the question: how did these groups fare over a period of rapid growth in India, primarily in the nineties; and were they able to break through the historically grounded inequalities that have kept entire generations among them trapped or did traps trump opportunities? It focuses on exclusion along three spheres - services, markets, and voice and agency. Within these too, the attempt is to highlight a few select issues that offer new insights. The report draws both on national data (national sample surveys (NSS) and national family health surveys (NFHS)) as well as qualitative work for its evidence, relying more on the latter to probe heterogeneity within states and groups and incipient processes that result in exclusion.