Miscellaneous Knowledge Notes
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Publication
On the Construction of the World Bank’s Subnational Poverty and Inequality Databases: Documentation
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2023-09-26)In many countries, large differences in poverty persist at the subnational level. In addition, global challenges such as climate change, fragility, economic crises, and food insecurity are often trans-border issues that pose significant risks for poverty reduction both across and within countries. Traditional poverty measures are generally presented at the national level, potentially obscuring local and regional variations of poverty and inequality. To overcome these challenges, this note describes the construction of two databases designed to provide a more granular perspective on poverty. The Subnational Poverty and Inequality Database (SPID) presents direct survey estimates of poverty and inequality from nationally representative household surveys over time. The Global Subnational Atlas of Poverty (GSAP) presents poverty estimates of survey-representative administrative areas projected to a common year. Both databases use the same underlying household survey data used by the World Bank to monitor global poverty. -
Publication
Building Climate Resilient and Environmentally Sustainable Health Systems in Africa: A Summary of Findings and Recommendations from Climate and Health Vulnerability Assessments (CHVAs) Funded by AFRI-RES Across Four Countries
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-09-06)This note summarizes lessons and practices deployed in embedding climate resilience into the design of projects that received catalytic funds from The Africa Climate Resilience Investment Facility (AFRI-RES). It draws from application of the Resilience Booster Tool to specific projects, as relevant, Compendium Volume on Climate Resilient Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa (World Bank (2023) and Guidance, Standards, and Good Practice Notes developed under the program. -
Publication
Embedding Climate Resilience into Ecosystem and Water Projects
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-09-05)This note summarizes lessons and practices deployed in embedding climate resilience into the design of projects that received catalytic funds from The Africa Climate Resilience Investment Facility (AFRI-RES). It draws from application of the Resilience Booster Tool to specific projects, as relevant, Compendium Volume on Climate Resilient Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa (World Bank (2023a) and Guidance, Standards, and Good Practice Notes developed under the program. -
Publication
Embedding Climate Resilience into Energy Projects
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-09-05)The Africa Climate Resilience Investment Facility (AFRI-RES) is a partnership between the Africa Union, African Development Bank, the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), and the World Bank Group, established with support from the Nordic Development Fund (NDF). The partnership seeks to assist governments, planners, and private developers in integrating climate resilience in project planning and design, thereby attracting funding from both development and climate finance sources. This note summarizes lessons and practices deployed in embedding climate resilience into the design of projects that received catalytic funds from AFRI-RES. It draws from application of the Resilience Booster Tool to specific projects, as relevant, Compendium Volume on Climate Resilient Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa (World Bank (2023a) and Guidance, Standards, and Good Practice Notes developed under the program. -
Publication
Embedding Climate Resilience into Urban and Transport Projects
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-09-05)This note summarizes lessons and practices deployed in embedding climate resilience into the design of projects that received catalytic funds from The Africa Climate Resilience Investment Facility (AFRI-RES). It draws from application of the Resilience Booster Tool to specific projects, as relevant, Compendium Volume on Climate Resilient Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa (World Bank (2023a) and Guidance, Standards, and Good Practice Notes developed under the program. -
Publication
Embedding Climate Resilience into Agriculture Projects
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-09-05)This note summarizes lessons and practices deployed in embedding climate resilience into the design of projects that received catalytic funds from The Africa Climate Resilience Investment Facility (AFRI-RES). It draws from application of the Resilience Booster Tool to specific projects, as relevant, Compendium Volume on Climate Resilient Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa (World Bank (2023a) and Guidance, Standards, and Good Practice Notes developed under the program. -
Publication
Assessment and Options Analysis of Climate and Nature Financing Instruments and Opportunities: Summary Note on Financing for Climate and Nature
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-08-17)Despite increasing recognition of the material impact of nature degradation, the global financing gap for climate and nature investments is significant and growing. The Paulson Institute estimated in 2020 that the biodiversity financing gap at an average of US$711 billion per year. Government leaders and private enterprises must accelerate and scale financial resource mobilization strategies to close this gap. However, at a national level, many developing countries have limited market access and lack the fiscal space to mobilize financing at the scale required to avoid the severe negative impacts of biodiversity loss, nature degradation, and reduced ecosystem services. This can precipitate countries into a vicious circle, whereby delayed investment at scale exposes them to the risk of ecosystems collapse. These systems also provide essential climate benefits in terms of carbon sinks and adaptation buffers against severe climate impacts (e.g., floods, droughts, storms). These natural assets underpin economic growth of developing countries but are currently undervalued and underinvested. Given the difficulty of estimating the timing, progression, and extent of these impacts and their global public good (GPG) nature, other more immediate or visible needs tend to be prioritized. However, when nature-related risks materialize, economic activity is likely to contract, further reducing fiscal space, increasing a country’s borrowing costs, and delaying investments. -
Publication
Violence against Women and Girls (VAWG): Disaster Risk Management Brief Second Edition
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-07-11)Disasters triggered by climate and other natural hazards are increasing in frequency, severity, and duration worldwide. Disasters, whether from natural hazards or man-made, cost lives and livelihoods, and do not have an equal effect on everyone. Women, girls, children, elderly people, persons with disabilities, and indigenous peoples,— especially in lower-income countries — are often disproportionately affected by disasters. Emerging evidence suggests that violence against women and girls (VAWG) increases in disaster settings. Managing the growing disaster risks associated with VAWG should therefore be integrated into all aspects of development. This brief, updating the previous DRM brief published in 2015, contains guidance on ethics and safety; resources for conducting a rapid situation analysis; specific ideas for implementation of policies and programs at the institutional, sectoral, and community levels at three stages (before, during and after the emergency); detailed examples of promising practices with a menu of indicators for use in monitoring and evaluation; and several active links to more-detailed resources and toolkits for working at the intersection of DRM and VAWG. -
Publication
Hydropower and Dams (H&D): Strengthening Climate-Informed Project Design
(Washington, DC, 2022-10)This learning note is the second of a 4-note-series developed by the Water Global Practice (GP) Climate Change Team to highlight successful examples of water operations that support climate change–related activities and provide useful lessons and recommendations for project design. -
Publication
Forewarned, but not Forearmed?: Lessons for the Recent Floods in Pakistan from 2010
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022-09)As climate change results in recurrent and more frequent natural disasters, each calamity proves instructional for the future. The author summarizes the lessons learned from the social protection and wider disaster response in the 2010 floods in Pakistan and discuss how they can benefit ongoing efforts to recover from the floods in the country in 2022, and other settings.