Miscellaneous Knowledge Notes
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Publication
Living Conditions and Asset Ownership for the Host and Rohingya Populations in Cox's Bazar
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019-11-25)The modules on housing characteristics and assets were administered as part of the household questionnaire of the Cox’s Bazar Panel Survey (CBPS) to the household head or an adult member (age 15+) with substantial knowledge about the daily activities of the household. Data was collected from 5,020 households across camp and host settlements (Camp settlements are defined as areas within the camp boundaries set by the government, UNHCR and IOM jointly. Host settlements are defined as all areas outside of the camp boundaries), on topics of housing conditions and asset holdings. This includes information on the construction material of housing, water and sanitation facilities, lighting and electricity usage, and current and past ownership of assets. The module generates representative statistics for hosts and displaced Rohingya population in Cox’s Bazar; and it can be further disaggregated into hosting areas with low and high exposure to the Rohingya influx -
Publication
Insights from the Labor Module on Work and Wages in Cox's Bazar
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019-11-19)The labor market module was administered as part of the adult questionnaire of the Cox’s Bazar Panel Survey to 2 randomly selected adults from every household in the sample, amounting to a total of 9,045 individuals. The module generates representative statistics for the adult (15+) population of hosts and displaced Rohingya in Cox’s Bazar; and it can be further disaggregated into hosting areas with low and high exposure to the Rohingya influx, and by gender. Besides collecting information on the participation of adults in the labor force and their employment status, the module collects details on wage and non-wage employment, wage rates, sectors of employment and barriers faced in obtaining work. -
Publication
Insights from the Household Roster on Demographics and Educational Attainment in Cox's Bazar
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019-11-03)Administered to 5020 households, evenly split between Rohingya campsites and host communities, the household roster collects basic information on all members of the household. In addition to basic demographic characteristics, the module includes information on education for all members of the household. The descriptives confirm that the Bangladeshi population living in Cox’s Bazar is vulnerable and poor by national standards; and this was the case even before the influx of the Rohingya into the sub-districts of Teknaf and Ukhia. At the same time, the Rohingya population living in campsites faces high levels of need, and fare worse than the host community across a range of indicators related to household demographics and education. -
Publication
EITI as an Instrument of Fiscal Transparency and Accountability: A Case Study of Two FCV Countries
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019-11)Transparency and accountability in sector governance are basic and essential requirements to leverage the extractives (oil, gas, and mining) sector as an engine of economic growth in fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV) affected settings. Enabling them involves two vital steps. Transparency requires obtaining or publishing relevant and actionable data about sector governance. Accountability involves having the data to support responsible, efficient, and informed sector governance. Although several mechanisms exist to facilitate transparent data disclosures, the extractive industries transparency initiative (EITI) is the preeminent global standard to promote the open and accountable management of oil, gas, and mineral resources. This governance note presents a case study about how data disclosed through EITI has been effectively leveraged to support more transparent and accountable fiscal governance in two FCV countries - Afghanistan and Iraq. -
Publication
Challenging Cultural Conventions: Qualitative Evidence from Jeevika
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019-10)In 2006, when the Bihar Rural Livelihoods Project was launched, the state’s rural poverty ratio was 44.6 percent - 36 million of the total 82 million people in Bihar were living in poverty. Bihar is India’s third most populous state with 8 percent of the total population but ranks lowest on the human development index (HDI). Rural communities in the state are often beset by pervasive social inequalities and caste and gender hierarchies. Simultaneously, Bihar has also had a long history of progressive movements that constantly challenged upper caste hegemony. However, these movements have had limited success in address gender inequality - Bihar ranked lowest on the Gender Equality Index with lower caste women facing double subordination. Overall, rural Bihar was characterized by weak service delivery, complex political and social dynamics, limited inclusion of the poor into institutions, few economic opportunities, and a frail development infrastructure. It was in the midst of this that JEEViKA was piloted and implemented. -
Publication
Combating Malnutrition: Can Group Procurement be Equitable? Results from a Food Security Program in Rural Bihar
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019-10)India has among the highest rates of child malnutrition worldwide, with Bihar one of the worst affected states. With the intent of combating food insecurity, the Government of India (GoI) and the state Government of Bihar (GoB) offer a Food Security Fund (FSF) via the Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society. The program has proved successful in giving rural women agency to ensure food security for themselves and their families. The scheme is most effective in reaching the poorest households when local committees procure the most affordable grains. -
Publication
Drought-Proofing through Groundwater Recharge: Lessons from Chief Ministers’ Initiatives in Four Indian States
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019-06-10)Indian agricultural communities are facing a crisis driven by, among other things, skewed terms of trade and farmers’ inability to deal with increasingly adverse climatic conditions. Because agriculture continues to be the primary source of livelihood for most of India’s population, governments at all levels are under pressure to find ways to help farmers. In western and peninsular India, where droughts are common, several state governments have vowed to make farming “droughtproof” through ambitious flagship programs. This case study reviews the experience of four such programs in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Telangana, and Rajasthan. Although the programs differ in approach, implementation style, and duration, all of them aim to shield farmers, particularly smallholders, from the misery imposed by droughts. Among these states, efforts in Gujarat appear to be the most mature; however, concerns regarding sustaining momentum, capacity building of communities, demand management, and establishing functional local governance remain. We use evidence gathered through field studies to draw lessons for designing effective drought mitigation strategies through improved management of groundwater resources. -
Publication
Female Labor Force Participation in Bangladesh: What Do We Know? How Can We Address it in Operations?
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019-06)This knowledge note is designed to support operational teams to design interventions to help address the challenges of female labor force participation in Bangladesh. The note presents a brief overview of the status and dynamics of female labor force participation in Bangladesh, along with a discussion of underlying causes. It identifies potential areas for investment and policy intervention and provides good practice case examples from World Bank projects around the world. -
Publication
Seeds of Success: Stories of IFC’s Work to Improve the Lives of Women in Agribusiness Value Chains
(Washington, DC, 2019)According to the e Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), women make up on average forty-three percent of the agricultural workforce in developing countries. Female participation in value chains is critical, yet they still face gender-specific constraints and challenges in owning, accessing, and controlling resources that affect their productivity, livelihood, and income. These are stories of collaboration, gender advancement, and women empowerment. IFC believes in creating and implementing Gender-Smart Solutions to close gender gaps in the sector, thus increasing agricultural yields and revenues, improving wages, and helping women expand to new, favorable markets. -
Publication
A Decade of Rural Transformation: Lessons Learnt from the Bihar Rural Livelihoods Project—JEEViKA
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2017)The objective of this booklet is to document a decade of journey of the Bihar Rural Livelihoods Project (BRLP) from 2006 to 2016 in the one of the poorest states in India. The project was successfully completed and a follow-on project, Bihar Transformative Development Project (BTDP) commenced in 2016 to expand the BRLP model. This booklet is a joint effort of the Bihar Rural Livelihood Promotion Society (BRLPS) (locally known as JEEViKA) and the World Bank and aims to share the lessons learnt with the development practitioners and colleagues around the world who have the same motivation and goals for rural poverty alleviation and transformation for shared prosperity.