Miscellaneous Knowledge Notes
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Publication
Women’s Employment and Safety Perceptions: Evidence from Low-income Neighborhoods of Dhaka, Bangladesh
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-08)This brief uses the 2018 Dhaka Low-Income Area Gender, Inclusion, and Poverty (DIGNITY) survey to assess the gender gap in safety perceptions and analyze the correlation between women’s safety perception and their labor market outcomes. The analysis shows that women are significantly less likely than men to feel safe in the low-income neighborhoods of Dhaka. While the percentage of women who reported feeling safe increased with age, living standard, and the availability of streetlights, the percentage of women who reported feeling safe decreased with education and concern of eviction. The analysis further shows that this gender gap in safety perception disproportionately hurt women’s labor market outcomes. Women who feel safe are much more likely to be economically active, work outside their neighborhoods, and explore economic opportunities. -
Publication
Cox’s Bazar Panel Survey, Rapid Follow-up Round 2: Impacts of COVID-19 on Food Security in Cox’s Bazar - Consumption, Coping and Assistance
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-06)This brief summarizes findings from rapid welfare tracking surveys in Cox’s Bazar. Two rounds of tracking surveys were implemented via phone interviews in 2020 to monitor the impacts of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis on labor markets, wages, and household coping strategies. The first round was conducted during the COVID-related lockdowns in April-May 2020. A second round was conducted from October-December 2020, roughly six months after the government-imposed lockdowns, and also included a short module on education. Within the host community, the survey was further stratified into high exposure (HE, within three hours walking distance of a Rohingya camp) and low exposure (LE, more than three hours walking distance from a Rohingya camp) areas within the district. -
Publication
Cox’s Bazar Panel Survey, Rapid Follow-up Round 2: Status of Education Among School-Aged Children in Cox’s Bazar
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-06)This brief summarizes findings from rapid welfare tracking surveys in Cox’s Bazar. Two rounds of tracking surveys were implemented via phone interviews in 2020 to monitor the impacts of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis on labor markets, wages, and household coping strategies. The first round was conducted during the COVID-related lockdowns in April-May 2020. A second round was conducted from October-December 2020, roughly six months after the government-imposed lockdowns, and also included a short module on education. Within the host community, the survey was further stratified into high exposure (HE, within three hours walking distance of a Rohingya camp) and low exposure (LE, more than three hours walking distance from a Rohingya camp) areas within the district. -
Publication
COVID-19 Monitoring Survey in Poor and Slum Areas of Dhaka and Chittagong: Bangladesh Food Security and Coping Strategies as of Round 2, September 2 - October 2020
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021)By September 2020, Dhaka and Chittagong labor markets in Bangladesh showed signs of recovery in employment. Employment recovered faster in Chittagong, reaching pre-COVID-19 levels, while Dhaka remained below pre-COVID-19 employment levels. To track the impacts of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis on labor markets and household coping strategies, a rapid phone survey was implemented on a representative sample of households living in poor and slum areas of Dhaka and Chittagong City Corporations (CCs). This brief, the third in the series, summarizes results from the first and second rounds of the rapid phone survey, conducted from June 10 to July 10, 2020, and from September 2 to October 11, 2020. Ninety-four percent of respondents interviewed in the first survey round were reached in the second round. This brief focuses on how the labor market situation, and how food security and coping strategies evolved between the two rounds. -
Publication
COVID-19 Monitoring Survey in Poor and Slum Areas of Dhaka and Chittagong: Bangladesh Labor Market Situation As of Round 3, January 13 - February 27, 2021
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021)To track the impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on labor markets and household coping strategies, a rapid phone survey was implemented on a representative sample of households living in poor and slum areas of Dhaka and Chittagong City Corporations (CCs). This brief, the fifth in the series, summarizes results from the first, second, and third rounds of the rapid phone survey, conducted from June 10 to July 10, 2020, from September 2 to October 11, 2020, and from January 13 to February 27, 2021, respectively. Eighty-eight percent of respondents interviewed in the first and second survey rounds were reached in the third round (see annex 1 for details of the survey design and response rates). This brief focuses on how the labor-market situation evolved between the rounds a year after the onset of the crisis. -
Publication
COVID-19 Monitoring Survey in Poor and Slum Areas of Dhaka and Chittagong: Bangladesh Labor Market Situation as of Round 2, September 2 - October 11, 2020
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021)By September 2020, Dhaka and Chittagong labor markets in Bangladesh showed signs of recovery in employment. Employment recovered faster in Chittagong, reaching pre-COVID-19 levels, while Dhaka remained below pre-COVID-19 employment levels. To track the impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on labor markets and household coping strategies, a rapid phone survey was implemented on a representative sample of households living in poor and slum areas of Dhaka and Chittagong City Corporations (CCs). This brief, the third in the series, summarizes results from the first and second rounds of the rapid phone survey, conducted from June 10 to July 10, 2020, and from September 2 to October 11, 2020. Ninety-four percent of respondents interviewed in the first survey round were reached in the second round. This brief focuses on how the labor market situation evolved between the two rounds. -
Publication
Impacts of COVID-19 on Work and Wages in Cox's Bazar: Part 1 - Rohingya Camps
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-12-12)This brief summarizes findings from rapid welfare tracking surveys in Cox’s Bazar. Two rounds of tracking surveys were implemented via phone interviews in 2020 to monitor the impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on labor markets, wages, and household coping strategies. The first round was conducted during the COVID-related lockdowns in April-May 2020. A second round was conducted from October-December 2020 (roughly 6 months after the government-imposed lockdowns). These rapid phone surveys are built on the Cox’s Bazar Panel Survey (CBPS), which is a multi-topic survey that focused on socio-economic outcomes and access to services. The baseline CBPS survey, implemented in March- August 2019, was designed to be representative of the recently displaced Rohingya population (displaced after August 2017) and the full Bangladeshi population in Cox’s Bazar. Within the host community, the survey included hosts from two strata: high exposure (HE, within 3 hours walking distance of a Rohingya camp) and low exposure (LE, more than 3 hours walking distance from a Rohingya camp) areas within the district. The overall sample size of the CBPS baseline was 5020 households (and two adults per household), split roughly equally across Rohingya camps and host communities, and within the latter, equally among HE and LE areas. Key modules of the baseline survey, including detailed labor market modules were administered to two randomly selected adults in each household. The first tracking survey re-interviewed 3,012 adults originally interviewed in the baseline, while the second survey interviewed 3,438 adults baseline adult respondents (1,554 adults in camps). This brief (Part 2) focuses on key findings among the Rohingya population in camps, with findings for the host community discussed in an accompanying brief (Part 1). -
Publication
Impacts of COVID-19 on Work and Wages in Cox's Bazar: Part 1 - Host Communities
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-12-12)This brief summarizes findings from rapid welfare tracking surveys in Cox’s Bazar. Two rounds of tracking surveys were implemented via phone interviews in 2020 to monitor the impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on labor markets, wages, and household coping strategies. The first round was conducted during the COVID-related lockdowns in April-May 2020. A second round was conducted from October-December 2020 (roughly 6 months after the government-imposed lockdowns). These rapid phone surveys are built on the Cox’s Bazar Panel Survey (CBPS), which is a multi-topic survey that focused on socio-economic outcomes and access to services. The baseline CBPS survey, implemented in March-August 2019, was designed to be representative of the recently displaced Rohingya population (displaced after August 2017) and the entire Bangladeshi host community in Cox’s Bazar. Within the host community, the survey includes two strata: high exposure (HE, within 3 hours walking distance of a Rohingya camp) and low exposure (LE, more than 3 hours walking distance from a Rohingya camp) areas within the district. The overall sample size of the CBPS baseline was 5020 households (and two adults per household), split roughly equally across Rohingya camps and host communities, and within the latter, equally among HE and LE areas. Key modules of the baseline survey, including detailed labor market modules were administered to two randomly selected adults in each household. The first tracking survey re-interviewed 3,012 adults originally interviewed in the baseline, while the second survey interviewed 3,438 adults baseline adult respondents (958 in HE, and 927 in LE areas among hosts). This brief (Part 1) focuses on key findings among the host community, with findings for Rohingya in camps discussed in an accompanying brief (Part 2). -
Publication
Adolescence in the Time of COVID-19: Evidence from Bangladesh
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-11)This note examines the effects of COVID-19 and subsequent economic and educational disruptions on adolescent well-being in Bangladesh. The analysis is based on data from 2,095 in-school adolescents aged 10–18 collected pre-COVID-19 (February–March 2020) through a field survey for an ongoing impact evaluation, and a follow-up virtual survey undertaken early in the pandemic (May-June 2020). Findings show large household-level economic impacts associated with increased food insecurity, anxiety, and mental health issues among adolescents. In addition, school closures have decreased adolescents’ access to learning, increased time spent on household chores, and affected future job aspirations. The impacts are particularly large for girls and for adolescents from more vulnerable households. Policy makers need to consider policies that facilitate school return, targeting girls and the most vulnerable. They also need creative school-based programming to address the likely long-run physical and mental health effects of COVID-19 on young people. -
Publication
Impacts of COVID-19 on Work and Wages in Cox's Bazar
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-07)A rapid phone survey was implemented on a representative sample of recently displaced Rohingya households and their host communities in the Cox’s Bazar district of Bangladesh, to track the impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on labor markets, wages, and household coping strategies. This survey built on the Cox’s Bazar Panel Survey (CBPS), which is a multi-topic survey that focused on socio-economic outcomes and access to health services. This first round of the rapid phone survey, was conducted from 21 April-20 May 2020 (a month into the 2-month long COVID-19 lockdown). A sub-sample of 3,005 out of the 5,020 households surveyed at baseline were covered by this survey. In this first tracking survey 3,009 out of the 9,045 adults surveyed in baseline were covered.