Miscellaneous Knowledge Notes

584 items available

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http://hdl.handle.net/10986/9388

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Epidemic Projections and Opportunities to Accelerate Control of Tuberculosis in Mozambique: Findings from an Optima Modelling Analysis

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-09-08) World Bank

Mozambique is one of the thirty highest tuberculosis (TB) burden countries in the world with respect to total incidence. Active case finding programs in Mozambique have been expanding, and community-based efforts now account for around twenty-five percent of detected cases. This involves both contact tracing of notified cases and other community-level interventions such as active house-to-house screening and testing, mobile van outreach in TB hotspots, and screening and testing of community health workers. However, there are opportunities for further expansion. This policy brief summarizes the findings of an allocative efficiency analysis using the Optima TB model, and highlights opportunities to maximize the impact of TB spending in Mozambique.
COVID-10 Impact Monitoring: Malawi, Round 12

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-09) World Bank

In May 2020, the National Statistical Office (NSO), with support from the World Bank, launched the High-Frequency Phone Survey on COVID-19 (coronavirus), which tracks the socio-economic impacts of the pandemic on a monthly basis for a period of 12 months. The survey aimed to recontact the entire sample of households that had been interviewed during the Integrated Household Panel Survey (IHPS) 2019 round and that had a phone number for at least one household member or a reference individual. This report presents the findings from the twelfth round of the survey that was conducted during the period of June 14 - June 30, 2021.
COVID-19 Impact Monitoring: Malawi, Round 11

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-07) World Bank

The COVID-19 pandemic has socio-economic impacts on Malawians and there is need for timely data to monitor these impacts and support response efforts to the pandemic. In May 2020, the National Statistical Office (NSO), with support from the World Bank, launched the High Frequency Phone Survey on COVID-19; a monthly survey of a nationally representative sample of households previously interviewed as part of the Malawi Integrated Household Panel Survey to monitor the economic impact of the pandemic and other shocks. This brief presents the findings from the tenth and eleventh rounds of the Malawi High-Frequency Phone Sur-vey on COVID-19 (HFPS COVID-19) conducted between the 29th of April and the 9th of June 2021.
Are Communities Receiving Appropriate Care?: A Study on the Community Health Worker Program in Mozambique

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-06) World Bank

Community involvement in promoting and providing health services is one of the principles underpinning the Mozambique Health sector strategic plan (2014–2024) and the investment case. Community-based health services in Mozambique are primarily provided through the community health workers or Agentes Polivalentes Elementares (APEs). Existing since 1974, the Ministry of Health (MOH) revitalized its APE program in 2010 after setbacks encountered during the civil war (1976–1992). The revitalized program, led by the Department of Health Promotion under the National Directorate of Public Health, seeks to increase the coverage and the quality of services provided, aiming to train and deploy additional APEs across the country, with a primary role in health promotion and disease prevention and a secondary role in curative services. This study seeks to assess the quality of care (QoC) provided by APEs to inform policymaking for the APE program from an evidence-based perspective.
Health Expenditures in Mozambique, 2014-2018

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-06) World Bank

This brief explores trends in health expenditure and resource allocation in Mozambique between 2014 and 2018. It establishes a baseline for future assessments, with the objective of ensuring that resources continue to shift in alignment with the priorities laid out in the 2017 investment case for reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health and nutrition (RMNCAH-N). This analysis can be carried out annually using the data produced by routine information and management systems.
COVID-19 Impact Monitoring: Malawi, Round 9

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-06) World Bank

In May 2020, the National Statistical Office (NSO), with support from the World Bank, launched the High-Frequency Phone Survey on COVID-19, which tracks the socio-economic impacts of the pandemic on a monthly basis for a period of 12 months. The survey aimed to recontact the entire sample of households that had been interviewed during the Integrated Household Panel Survey (IHPS) 2019 round and that had a phone number for at least one household member or a reference individual. This report presents the findings from the ninth round of the survey that was conducted during the period of April 07 - April 23, 2021.
Harnessing Momentum: Priority Areas of Intervention to Further Strengthen Malawi’s Health Sector

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-11) World Bank

Malawians are healthier and live longer than they ever have. Achieving universal health coverage in a sustainable and equitable way is the main goal of Malawi’s health sector reform plan, and an essential health package (EHP) free at the point of use is the government’s primary tool to achieve this. Malnutrition also remains an ongoing challenge. Malawi’s Second Health Sector Strategic Plan (HSSP) for 2017-2022, identifies a set of interventions necessary to further improve health outcomes, and to ensure the delivery of quality, equitable, affordable and patient-centred health care services. Malawi’s 2018-2019 Harmonised Health Facility Assessment (HHFA), conducted by the government of Malawi with support from international health and development agencies, provides a comprehensive including government, faith-based, CHAM (Christian Health Association of Malawi) and private for-profit facilities between November 2018 and March 2019. This policy brief draws from this assessment, as well other research, identifying the most important policy interventions needed to achieve key health targets over the coming years.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Workers in Hawassa Industrial Park

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-06-03) World Bank

As part of the World Bank Group’s analytical work program on More, better, and more inclusive jobs: Preparing for successful industrialization in Ethiopia (funded by the UK Department for International Development), a team of researchers led by Morgan Hardy (New York University Abu Dhabi) and Christian Johannes Meyer (University of Oxford) is deploying high-frequency phone surveys on a representative sample of garment factory workers in Hawassa Industrial Park (HIP) to document how their lives are changing during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis. This Rapid Briefing Note reports the preliminary baseline results from 3,163 female respondents, summarizing the more detailed “Living Paper” written by the team of researchers. The data collection took place between April 28 and May 26, 2020.
Urban Water and Sanitation in Tanzania: Remaining Challenges to Providing Safe, Reliable, and Affordable Services for All

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2018-02) World Bank

The purpose of the brief Urban Water and Sanitation in Tanzania: Remaining Challenges to Providing Safe, Reliable and Affordable Services for All is to outline the ways in which the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framing of water and sanitation is helping us to understand not previously seen problems with urban services. For water services we see a reduction in the gap in access to improved and piped supply between rich and poor since 2005, with overall coverage currently standing at 85 in 2016. However, the low reliability of supply leads to a dependence on more expensive, informal service providers as a secondary source. This dependence can hit the poor hardest. In contrast, for sanitation we see a persistent and widening gap between rich and poor in improved access with a high proportion of shared facilities. Furthermore, as the SDG standards point out, lack of safe treatment and disposal of fecal matter can lead to a greater risk of contaminated water being ingested by the population, increasing the likelihood of waterborne disease such as cholera. Tanzania's cities, have experienced frequent outbreaks of cholera, with 4,985 cases reported in 2017.
A Case Study on How Allocative Efficiency Analysis Supported by Mathematical Modelling Changed HIV Investment in Sudan

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2015-11) World Bank

This brief presents a real-life example of how a group of government decision-makers, programme managers, researchers and development partners worked together to improve the allocation of HIV resources in Sudan and thereby better address the HIV objectives that the country strives to achieve. The initial modelling analysis showed that by reallocating funds towards antiretroviral treatment (ART) and prevention programmes in Sudan, 37 percent of new HIV infections could be averted with the same amount of funding. These allocations combined with additional technical efficiency gains would allow for increasing ART coverage from 6 percent in 2013 to 34 percent in 2017, and more than double programme coverage for key populations. The reallocations in the 2015 to 2017 HIV budget for the national response are projected to avert an additional 3,200 new infections and 1,100 deaths in these three years compared to initially planned allocations.The reallocations were achieved through a rigorous HIV allocative efficiency analysis and evidence-informed policy process, conducted by a multi-disciplinary team of national and international partners working for the common goal to make Sudan’s HIV response more manageable and sustainable. The case study discusses process and outcomes of this effort. It also offers some reflections on the application of mathematical modelling to strengthening decision-making of finite HIV resources, and some lessons learned about how to go ‘beyond modelling’ to application of modelled allocative efficiency improvements to improving actual budget allocations for better health outcomes.