Other Infrastructure Study
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Publication Jordan Digital Public Infrastructure Diagnostic(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-02-13) Tullis, Christopher BoydIn recent years, Jordan has increasingly strengthened its commitment to enhancing public service delivery through digital public infrastructure (DPI). DPI refers to foundational and reusable digital platforms and building blocks—such as digital ID, digital payments, and data sharing—that underpin the development and delivery of trusted, digitally-enabled services across the public and private sectors, including social protection, health, public finance, and banking. Jordan’s National Digital Transformation Strategy and Implementation Plan for 2021-2025 reflects the country’s strategic commitment, with the Government actively establishing DPI building blocks, such as digital identity and data sharing platforms to accelerate the digitalization of public services using a secure and scalable architecture. Despite these increased efforts, the adoption of digitalized public services remains limited. Only about 1.4 million Jordanians are registered on Sanad, the integrated e-services platform that is central to the country’s digital public service delivery. This diagnostic provides a comprehensive review of the digital public service delivery enabled by Jordan’s DPI ecosystem and presents recommendations on features that bolster trust, interoperability, security, and people centricity.Publication Leveraging Maturing Technologies for Health Financing Needs in East and Southern Africa(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-02-11) World BankThis report explores the potential of maturing technologies to address specific health financing challenges in East and Southern Africa. To the extent possible, it draws on examples from countries in the region and shows how some technologies have been used in other sectors that could inform similar application to health financing challenges. The report discusses benefits, drawbacks, risks, and costs of the various options and emphasizes that these need to be balanced when exploring the introduction of any such tools.Publication Green Telecommunications: Policies and Practices for more Sustainable Networks – A Practitioner’s Guide(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-12-19) World BankThe public and private sectors each play a role driving development of a “green” digital sector. This guide provides inspiration for practitioners on ways to promote greener telecommunications (telecom) services. Telecom networks interact with their surroundings in diverse ways. In the context of this guide, greening mainly relates to managing the energy consumption and carbon footprint of the sector. While these efforts are largely driven by the private sector, governments can shape the enabling environment for green telecom and invest in greener service delivery. This guide is designed for public practitioners, such as policy makers and regulators, in low- and middle-income countries. Many of the fundamental principles, however, apply to a wider range of global stakeholders engaged in the sector.Publication Resilient Telecommunications Infrastructure - A Practitioner's Guide(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-12-18) World BankConnectivity drives economic development and underpins critical services in the aftermath of disastrous weather events or earthquakes. However, nearly all types of climate and natural hazards can cause damage to telecommunications (telecom) networks and threaten service delivery. For countries that experience multiple types of climate hazards, building telecom infrastructure is a challenge for public practitioners and telecom operators. This guide provides recommendations for practitioners in designing, preparing, and implementing resilient telecom infrastructure projects. For instance, resilience-building measures, such as risk analysis, redundancy, backup power, customization, and disaster planning, are important for strengthening the resilience of telecom infrastructure deployments. While no single intervention will make telecom infrastructure fully resilient, investment in a range of coordinated actions can reduce the probability of failure and enable operators to maintain acceptable service in the face of increasing climate hazards.Publication Digital Sustainability Framework: Experiences from KSA’s Digital Government Transformation(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-12-17) World BankIn the near term, achieving sustainability is one of humanity’s most vital objectives. For sustainability to become a mindset and not merely a goal, it needs to encompass all fields, including digital. This white paper elaborates on the Saudi Government's steps toward digital sustainability. The paper will first present the concept and mechanisms of digital sustainability and then, in-depth, the digital sustainability framework and the Saudi Government’s implementation process to move toward digital sustainability. Cognizant that the path toward digital sustainability is complex, the Saudi Government wishes to engage with the global community through knowledge exchange and research jointly with the World Bank, one of its valued knowledge partners. The report acknowledges that integrating a digital transformation agenda and a digital sustainability agenda at the level of an entire country is a significant undertaking. KSA is moving in this direction and has started collecting experiences while dealing with legacy business ways rooted in culture, structure, and traditions. Therefore, these experiences represent the beginning of the process, not the result. By sharing these experiences and collecting new ones from other countries, the hope is to enable a stable integration of sustainable goals in the digital development agenda across the globe to the benefit of people and society.Publication The Cloud Imperative: Strategies and Practices from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-12-17) World BankThis white paper also discusses the challenges ahead, such as closing the digital skills gap, navigating data localization requirements, and addressing the energy efficiency of data centers. An essential note for developing countries is that overcoming these challenges can be done with the right competencies and skills within a government's normal operations and budget. In conclusion, this white paper emphasizes that, if implemented thoughtfully, cloud solutions can be a catalytic force to build 21st-century governments that are more agile, data-driven, and responsive to citizens. To realize the potential of the cloud, developing country governments will need to adjust the KSA experiences to fit the context of their local cloud ecosystem and local governance. This paper is a part of a larger body of research created and distributed by the World Bank Group regarding the cloud agenda as a key element of public digital infrastructure (PDI). Ongoing research encompasses the enabling ecosystem required to facilitate cloud solutions, the economic implications of cloud migration, the sustainability of cloud solutions and data centers, and the legal and regulatory considerations that play a crucial role in determining the most suitable cloud service options.Publication Armenia Firms’ Adoption of Digital Technologies(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-12-11) World BankThis report analyzes the digital technology adoption of Armenian firms based on the findings of the Armenia ICT Survey administered to over 1,900 firms in 2023 by the Statistical Committee of the Republic of Armenia (ARMSTAT), with the technical assistance of the World Bank and support of the European Commission. The survey is comparable with the ICT Usage in Enterprises Survey implemented in EU. It also assesses the technologies used in key business functions following the World Bank Group’s Firm level Technology Adoption Survey. This rich set of data allows for a detailed assessment of the digital maturity of Armenian firms by showing the specific digital technologies adopted by firms and the extent to which firms use advanced digital solutions across core business functions. The findings from the survey were complemented by qualitative case studies to gain further insights on firms’ experiences with technology adoption and the key barriers they face on their path to digitalize.Publication Early Experiences of Beneficiary Choice in Government-to-Person Payment Architecture in Indonesia(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-12-10) World BankThe report has four main chapters, followed by the conclusion and policy recommendations. Chapter 2, context provides overviews of the three programs, including enrollment, the payment process, and demographic characteristics of the beneficiaries. Chapter 3 explains the payment architecture used to distribute social assistance in Indonesia. It also explains how it can be further transformed to improve the experience of beneficiaries in receiving social assistance and to empower beneficiaries to access and use financial services. Chapter 4 presents evidence to show beneficiaries’ experience with different payment methods, cashing out, and digital financial services. The study also investigates the early experiences of implementation of beneficiary choice and whether designing social assistance delivery that includes beneficiary choice can introduce positive outcomes that are not found in programs without such choice. The final chapter presents the conclusion and policy recommendations. In annex 1, the study details the regression models used for beneficiary choice analysis.Publication Cambodia’s Regional Connectivity: Unlocking the Full Potential of Transport Corridors(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-12-06) World BankCambodia’s export-driven growth has resulted in increased freight demand. Containerized import and export cargo movement has increased more than five-fold over the past 12 years. By 2030, it is expected that trade volumes moving along highways and through ports, airports, and warehouses will double. However, high transport and logistics costs are major bottlenecks to Cambodia’s economic competitiveness and diversification. The Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) developed the Comprehensive Intermodal Transport and Logistics System (CITLS) Master Plan for 2023–2033 to support improving the performance and efficiency of the transport sector and supporting the achievement of the national development objectives as defined in the RGC’s Pentagonal Strategy Phase 1. However, many of the projects put forward in the CITLS are in the conceptual phase requiring further technical studies and prioritization prior to securing financing from the public and private sectors. This report prepared by the World Bank team aims to complement the RGC’s efforts by focusing on immediate investments and policy actions to unlock opportunities along the existing transport corridors in Cambodia. The analysis and proposals described in this report focus on the short to medium-term priorities. By providing alternative insights on the role and performance of the existing roads, waterways and maritime transport, railways, and cross-border trade facilitation the report is designed to complement the CITLS. Throughout the course of this study, stakeholder consultations were conducted with involved public sector institutions and major private sector players in freight transportation and logistics.Publication A Roadmap for Safe, Efficient, and Interoperable Carbon Markets Infrastructure(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-11-08) World Bank; Carbon Markets Infrastructure Working GroupA well-structured and high-integrity carbon market has the potential to mobilize essential financing for climate action, especially in developing countries. Achieving scale will require secure, efficient, and interoperable infrastructure that fosters the growth and reliability of these markets. This "Roadmap for a Safe, Efficient, and Interoperable Carbon Market Infrastructure 2024" outlines critical bottlenecks and priority action areas identified by the Carbon Market Infrastructure Working Group (CMI WG). This includes clarifying ecosystem governance, documenting current standards and market practices related to information security and transaction integrity, and enhancing data and systems interoperability.