Other Infrastructure Study
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Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa, home to more than 1 billion people, half of whom will be under 25 years old by 2050, is a diverse ...
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Publication
Summary Note on Technical Assistance Provided in Support of the Greater Harare Water and Sanitation Strategic Plan
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2015-01)The severe conditions in Zimbabwe, which reached a nadir in 2008 and 2009, led to a collapse of basic systems including the reliability and safety of water supply and sanitation services, leading to an outbreak of cholera with more than 4,000 deaths and over 90,000 people infected. The World Bank provided Technical Assistance (TA) to the City of Harare to improve water and sanitation services in the period October 2012 to June 2014 to the value of approximately 600,000 US dollars. This Summary Note summarizes the key elements of the work undertaken and makes a set of recommendations to the City of Harare, the adjacent local authorities of Chitungwiza, Epworth, Norton and Ruwa, and Government of Zimbabwe to inform a strategic plan to improve water and Sanitation services in the greater Harare area. This Summary Note also sets out the context at the commencement of the TA, summarizes the work undertaken in the TA and the outcomes from this work, and makes recommendations for the way forward. -
Publication
Where Should the Next Dollar Be Best Spent?: Policy Advice Drawn from the World Bank Zimbabwe Water Sector Investment Analysis
(Washington, DC, 2014-10)This policy paper records the outcome of a strategic analysis of investment requirements in the water sector in Zimbabwe as of December 2013. The work, entitled Zimbabwe water sector investment analysis, was undertaken in close collaboration with senior officials in Zimbabwe as an exercise in determining where World Bank investments may be most effective in the future, and to assist the government of Zimbabwe to develop its own investment strategies. The analysis was framed around two key questions: (1) what immediate investments are required to ensure that water in sufficient quantity and at adequate quality will be available to underpin recovery? This is in order to ensure that water availability would not constitute a constraint to future growth and development; and (2) where in the water sector should the next dollar be best spent? This paper summarizes the context of the water sector in Zimbabwe at the time of the study and reflects the key elements of policy advice derived from the analysis. It is important to record and recognize the key elements of policy advice provided by the World Bank through the water sector investment analysis. -
Publication
Zimbabwe Infrastructure Policy Review
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2013-12-09)Many empirical studies have demonstrated the close relationship between a country’s economic development and its stock of infrastructure. Decades of deferred maintenance and lack of long-term financing have taken a heavy toll on Zimbabwe’s infrastructure that at one time was ranked at the top in Africa. Only the information and communications technologies (ICT) sector has been performing relatively well but its high tariffs add to the cost of doing business in Zimbabwe. The strategy in the infrastructure sectors is to encourage public private partnerships (PPPs) for the financing and execution of the different sub-projects. This strategy has been emerging in the electric power, road transport, and ICT sectors and is now being extended to water supply and sanitation. This review builds on the findings from an October-November 2013 mission that, upon the request of the Ministry of Finance, assessed the ministerial submissions for the 2014 public sector investment program (PSIP). The review concludes that the perception of the predictable policies is key for attracting responsible private partners for sustainable PPPs. The review recommends less risky options such as: (i) outsourcing operations of existing plants; (ii) lease contracts of existing plants; and (iii) sales of existing thermal plants. The review notes that the analytical multi donor trust fund (AMDTF) is programmed to close on June 30, 2014. It is of the essence to explore the possibilities to locate concessionary funding for a successor to the AMDTF given the high priority of additional studies in the power, water, and ICT sectors to prepare for the reforms suggested. -
Publication
Water Supply and Sanitation in Mozambique : Turning Finance into Services for 2015 and Beyond
(World Bank, Nairobi, 2012-01)Mozambique has made enormous strides in the water supply sector in the past two decades. The sector has separated water resources and water production roles from water supply asset holding and from water services management. It has also created a regulatory structure and body that has struck a balance between government and private-sector management while giving increasing voice to consumers. The reform process continues today, with expected modifications at decentralized levels of governance. After more than a decade emphasizing service expansion, service sustainability needs attention. The urban water delegated management framework's greatest challenge lies in maintaining operational cost recovery and making steady progress on capital cost recovery. The challenge for rural water supply lies not simply in expanding access, but in ensuring sustainable services. Progress in urban and rural sanitation has stagnated, and updated approaches to service delivery are urgently needed. Sector information management systems and human resource development have not kept pace with institutional expansion, resulting in a potential drag on long-term planning, financing, and implementation. -
Publication
Water Supply and Sanitation in Rwanda : Turning Finance into Services for 2015 and Beyond
(World Bank, Nairobi, 2012)Rwanda has made good progress in extending water supply and sanitation coverage during the past few years, under clear political commitment to three complementary sets of targets: the economic development and poverty reduction strategy (2012), millennium development goals (2015), and vision 2020. The report aims to help countries assess their own service delivery pathways for turning finance into water supply and sanitation services in each of four subsectors: rural and urban water supply, and rural and urban sanitation and hygiene. Rwanda is closing the gap on its targets, but is unlikely to attain the required coverage levels by 2015 without an increase in financing. The coverage trend over the past 10 years for rural water supply demonstrates the country's capacity for developing new projects; while for sanitation the enabling environment and capacity for service development will need to be strengthened further in the medium term. Households' capacity for sharing the costs of water supply capital investments is limited, and the strategy views their main contribution as being towards operations and maintenance costs, through water fees and tariffs. The rural water supply subsector has switched from a community management model, to one of public-private partnership. Nearly 30 percent of rural water schemes are already managed by private operators and the economic and poverty reduction strategy aims for 50 percent by 2012. This second African Ministers' Council on Water (AMCOW) Country Status Overview (CSO2) has been produced in collaboration with the Government of Rwanda and other stakeholders. -
Publication
Towards a Strategic Analysis of Water Resources Investments in Kenya : Hydrological, Economic, and Institutional Assessment for Storage Development
(Washington, DC, 2011-06-30)The objective of this study was to advance the process of prioritizing water storage investments that could reduce water stress in economically important areas. The specific objectives of the study were to (i) outline a comprehensive framework for screening of potential storage sites; (ii) identify important water stressed areas through an updated water balance; (iii) assess alternative multipurpose water storage projects through physical, hydrological and economic criteria; and (iv) analyze institutional and financing aspects of water resources development in Kenya to identify capacity and knowledge inadequacies. The study focused on identifying viable surface water storage projects to increase water supply reliability and mitigate the effects of common multi-year droughts. No new estimates of groundwater resources were made, though they were considered in quantifying overall water availability. The scope of the study was limited to an initial screening of infrastructure options that will increase the reliability of water supply. The state of water service delivery was not assessed as it was outside the scope of this study. -
Publication
Water Supply and Sanitation in Sierra Leone : Turning Finance into Services for 2015 and Beyond
(Nairobi, 2011)The African Ministers' Council on Water (AMCOW) commissioned the production of a second round of Country Status Overviews (CSOs) to better understands what underpins progress in water supply and sanitation (WSS) and what its member governments can do to accelerate that progress across countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). AMCOW delegated this task to the World Bank's Water and Sanitation Program and the African Development Bank who are implementing it in close partnership with UNICEF and WHO in over 30 countries across SSA. This CSO2 report has been produced in collaboration with the Government of Sierra Leone and other stakeholders during 2009-10. The analysis aims to help countries assess their own service delivery pathways for turning finance into water supply and sanitation services in each of four subsectors: rural and urban water supply, and rural and urban sanitation and hygiene. The CSO2 analysis has three main components: a review of past coverage; a costing model to assess the adequacy of future investments; and a scorecard which allows diagnosis of particular bottlenecks along the service delivery pathway. The CSO2's contribution is to answer not only whether past trends and future finance are sufficient to meet sector targets, but what specific issues need to be addressed to ensure finance is effectively turned into accelerated coverage in water supply and sanitation. In this spirit, specific priority actions have been identified through consultation. A synthesis report, available separately, presents best practice and shared learning to help realize these priority actions. -
Publication
Water Supply and Sanitation in Mauritania : Turning Finance into Services for 2015 and Beyond
(Nairobi, 2011)The situation within the water supply and sanitation (WSS) sector in Mauritania is somewhat contradictory: in spite of the weakness of the institutions in charge of the sector and the lack of financing for sanitation and, more recently, for the rural water supply (RWS) subsector, significant improvements have been made in the access rates since 1990. The institutional reform of the RWS subsector, notably marked by the implementation of a delegated management system for water supply networks, has led to improvements in both service quality and access, at a pace which remains only slightly below that required to meet the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets. In rural areas, the institutional framework remains poor and unstable. The management of water supply networks still needs to be improved; the sanitation subsector lacks both a clear intervention strategy and resources. These are the priority areas that need to be worked on to stimulate the capacity to mobilize and absorb financing, both domestic and donor. This second AMCOW Country Status Overview (CSO2) has been produced in collaboration with the Government of Mauritania and other stakeholders. -
Publication
Water Supply and Sanitation in Zimbabwe : Turning Finance into Services for 2015 and Beyond
(Nairobi, 2011)The African Ministers' Council on Water (AMCOW) commissioned the production of a second round of Country Status Overviews (CSOs) to better understands what underpins progress in water supply and sanitation (WSS) and what its member governments can do to accelerate that progress across countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). AMCOW delegated this task to the World Bank's Water and Sanitation Program and the African Development Bank who are implementing it in close partnership with United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and World Health Organization (WHO) in over 30 countries across SSA. This second CSO report has been produced in collaboration with the Government of Zimbabwe and other stakeholders during 2009-10. The analysis aims to help countries assess their own service delivery pathways for turning finance into water supply and sanitation services in each of four subsectors: rural and urban water supply, and rural and urban sanitation and hygiene. The second CSO analysis has three main components: a review of past coverage; a costing model to assess the adequacy of future investments; and a scorecard which allows diagnosis of particular bottlenecks along the service delivery pathway. The second CSO's contribution is to answer not only whether past trends and future finance are sufficient to meet sector targets, but what specific issues need to be addressed to ensure finance is effectively turned into accelerated coverage in water supply and sanitation. In this spirit, specific priority actions have been identified through consultation. A synthesis report, available separately, presents best practice, and shared learning to help realize these priority actions. -
Publication
Water Supply and Sanitation in Liberia : Turning Finance into Services for 2015 and Beyond
(Nairobi, 2011)The African Ministers' Council on Water (AMCOW) commissioned the production of a second round of Country Status Overviews (CSOs2) to better understands what underpins progress in water supply and sanitation and what its member governments can do to accelerate that progress across countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). AMCOW delegated this task to the World Bank's water and sanitation program and the African Development Bank who are implementing it in close partnership with United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and World Health Organization (WHO) in over 30 countries across SSA. This CSO2 report has been produced in collaboration with the Government of Liberia and other stakeholders during 2009-10. The analysis aims to help countries assess their own service delivery pathways for turning finance into water supply and sanitation services in each of four subsectors: rural and urban water supply, and rural and urban sanitation, and hygiene. The CSO2 analysis has three main components: a review of past coverage; a costing model to assess the adequacy of future investments; and a scorecard which allows diagnosis of particular bottlenecks along the service delivery pathway. The CSO2's contribution is to answer not only whether past trends and future finance are sufficient to meet sector targets, but what specific issues need to be addressed to ensure finance is effectively turned into accelerated coverage in water supply and sanitation. In this spirit, specific priority actions have been identified through consultation. A synthesis report, available separately, presents best practice and shared learning to help realize these priority actions.