SÃO TOMÉ AND PRÍNCIPE
CIRCULAR ECONOMY
DIAGNOSTIC
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Table
Executive Summary 2
Introduction 7
São Tomé and Príncipe background 9
1.1 São Tomé and Principe Tourism Context 9
Circular Economy Gap Analysis 12
2.1 Infrastructure Systems: Materials and Waste 12
2.1.1 Material Waste Treatment 13
2.1.2 Opportunities to Enhance Resource Efficiency 14
2.2 Infrastructure Systems: Energy 14
2.2.1 Energy Efficiency 15
2.3 Infrastructure Systems: Water 16
2.3.1 Water supply and wastewater system 16
2.4 Linkages Between Resource and Infrastructure Systems 17
Circular Economy Initiative Shortlisting 20
Tourism Gap Analysis and Market Sizing 23
4.1 Interview Audit and Online Survey Findings 23
4.2 Survey Findings: Waste Management and Reduction 24
4.2.1 Main barriers to implementation and investment 25
4.3 Energy 26
4.4 Water 28
4.5 Food and Beverage (only audits) 29
4.6 Market Sizing of Circular Economy Opportunities 30
4.7 Barriers and Enablers to Unblock Investment 30
4.8 Recommendations for Initiatives and Investment 31
Circular Economy Business Cases 33
5.1 Integrated Waste Management Facility (IWMF) 33
5.1.1 Project Components 33
5.1.2 Project Outcomes 34
5.1.3 Supporting Assumptions 34
5.1.4 Feasibility Results 34
5.1.5 Policy enablers 36
5.2 Sustainable Aggregate Development (recycled glass) 36
5.2.1 Project outcomes 36
5.2.2 Supporting assumptions 37
5.2.3 Feasibility Results 37
5.2.4 Policy enablers 38
Roadmap for proposed circular economy initiatives 41
Institutional and Regulatory Analysis 44
7.1 Integration of Circular Economy with Tourism Sector Priorities 44
7.2 Enabling regulatory and institutional reforms for a circular economy in São Tomé and Príncipe 45
7.3 Prioritizing the most relevant regulatory reforms for circular economy and tourism 48
Next steps 52
References 54
ABSTRACT
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
List
List
ACRONYMS
Executive Summary
Executive Summary
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction
Introduction
Section 1
São Tomé and Príncipe background
1.1 São Tomé and Principe Tourism Context
Section 2
Circular Economy Gap Analysis
2.1 Infrastructure Systems: Materials and Waste
Figure 1. Breakdown of waste types across São Tomé and Príncipe7
Organic
24.50%
Plastics
Glass
4.30%
Paper /
58.20%
3.60% Cardboard
4.60% Textiles
4.80%
Others
2.1.1 Material Waste Treatment
Figure 2. Map of Existing and Proposed Waste Treatment, Recycling and Recovery Infrastructure
2.1.2 Opportunities to Enhance Resource Efficiency
2.2 Infrastructure Systems: Energy
Figure 3. Total Energy Supply by Source and Renewable Energy by Source11
Renewable Energy Supply 2019 Total energy supply 2019
2%
Hydro/Marine Oil
Wind Gas 36%
Solar Nuclear
Bioenergy 64%
Coal + Others
Geothermal Renewables
98% 0%
0%
0%
2.2.1 Energy Efficiency
2.3 Infrastructure Systems: Water
2.3.1 Water supply and wastewater system
•
•
•
•
2.4 Linkages Between Resource and Infrastructure Systems
4
Figure 4. DPSIR Analysis for São Tomé and Príncipe
•
•
•
•
•
•
Section 3
Circular Economy Initiative Shortlisting
Table 1. Circular Economy Initiatives in São Tomé and Príncipe
Table 2. Institutional or regulatory framework proposals in São Tomé and Príncipe
Section 4
Tourism Gap Analysis and Market Sizing
4.1 Interview Audit and Online Survey Findings22
Figure 5. Composition and location of useable online survey responses
14%
24%
53%
33%
76%
São Tomé Capital Area Rural São Tomé Príncipe Island
Accomodation Tour Operators/Activity Providers
4.2 Survey Findings: Waste Management and Reduction
Figure 6. Current measures and investment interest in waste systems—accommodation, percentages of
responses
Community recycling schemes 25% 56%
Separation of textiles 50% 38%
Separation of e-waste 63% 25%
Separation of metals 56% 25%
Separation of plastics 38% 44%
Separation of glass 50% 44%
Anaerobic digestion 50% 25%
Composting 50% 13%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Already doing this We would like to do this in the next 5 years
Figure 7. Current measures and investment interest in SUP alternatives—tour operators, percentages of
responses
Plastic waste bags 63% 25%
Refillable bottles for toiletries 56% 38%
Large dispensers for toiletries 31% 63%
Reduced consumption of cling film 38% 50%
Substitutes for cling film 56% 25%
Products in refillable containers 38% 44%
Dispense food from large containers 19% 50%
Cooking oil in large containers 38% 19%
Cooking oil in non-plastic containers 31% 19%
Compostable cutlery and straws 38% 19%
Alternatives to disposable cutlery and straws 56% 25%
Reused or recycled packaging for soft and alcoholic drinks 50% 38%
Refillable bottles for soft and alcoholic drinks 31% 50%
Dispense soft and alcoholic drinks in larger containers 25% 50%
Refillable water bottles in restaurants 56% 31%
Refillable water bottles in hotels 50% 31%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Already doing this We would like to do this in the next 5 years
Figure 8. Willingness to pay for single-use plastic product alternatives
Waste bags 33% 33% 24% 10%
Bathroom toiletries 33% 43% 14% 10%
Cling film 35% 35% 20% 10%
Cheaper or no change in price
Food containers 48% 24% 19% 10%
No more than 25% more expensive
Cooking oil containers 43% 29% 19% 10% No more than 50% more expensive
Disposable cups and plates 43% 43% 14% No more than 75% more expensive
Cutlery and straws 33% 52% 14% No more than double the price
Bottles of soft and alcoholic… 38% 48% 14%
Water bottles 38% 33% 14% 14%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
4.2.1 Main barriers to implementation and investment
Figure 9. Main firm-level barriers to implement and invest
Costs of financing and payment terms
Overall cost of investment
Unclear benefits for the business
Skills and training of staff
Need for investment in new kitchen equipment and storage
space
Lack of information knowledge on options
Level of business commitment to sustainability
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Tour Operator/Activity Provider Accommodation
•
•
•
•
•
4.3 Energy
Figure 10. Existing energy efficiency measures by type
Energy certifications 0%
13%
LED lighting 80%
100%
Staff awareness 40%
63%
Signage encouraging saving energy 0%
19%
Electricity activated by key card 0%
6%
Lighting with sensors 20%
19%
Insulation 20%
44%
Fans 60%
31%
Natural ventilation 60%
69%
Double glazing 0%
19%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
Tour Operator/Activity Provider Accommodation
Figure 11. Investment interest for energy efficiency and renewable energy measures in the next 5 years —
accommodation
Electric vehicles 6% 13% 38%
EV charging 6% 6% 44%
Battery storage 13% 38% 31% 13%
Micro-hydro 19% 6% 50%
Heat pumps 6% 38%
Biomass 6% 19% 44%
Wind 13% 6% 56%
Solar powered A/C 25% 13% 31%
Solar water heating 63% 19% 13%
Solar PV 13% 63% 19% 6%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Already Invested High Likelihood Medium Likelihood Low Likelihood
Figure 12. Barriers to investment and implementation of renewable energy and energy efficiency
measures—wider level, percentage of respondents
Lack of support from government
Lack of incentives from electricity supplier (e.g.,
lower tariff)
Current cost of battery storage
Regulatory barriers which do not allow feed in of
surplus energy to the grid
Costs of financing and payment terms
Overall cost of investment
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%100%
Tour Operator/Activity Provider Accommodation
4.4 Water
Figure 13. Current actions and investment interest
Installation of own desalination facility to produce clean water 25% 6% 31%
Installation of an on-site wastewater treatment plant 6% 25% 19% 31%
Installation of septic tank 38% 19% 6%
Recycling of “grey” (waste) water for irrigation and other uses 6% 25% 25% 13%
Reduce the frequency of washing sheets and towels 50% 6%
Signs in bathrooms to encourage guests to reduce water use 31% 25% 13% 6%
Fit aerator heads to taps and showers to reduce water use 19% 31% 19%
Training staff to use less water when washing and cleaning 25% 38% 6%
Rainwater harvesting from roof water capture 19% 31% 25%
Ground water (well or underground pump) 19% 19% 6%
Installation of water filtering/treatment system 38%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Already Invested High Likelihood Medium Likelihood Low Likelihood
Figure 14. Main drivers or barriers to use water efficiently
Reform of water tariffs to incentivise investment
Improved water quality from my water provider
Improved reliability of supply from my water provider to avoid the need
for delivery by truck
Training of staff to support installation and maintenance
Financial assistance to reduce financing costs
Tax incentives to reduce the capital cost of equipment
Support to establish the business case for investment
Provision of information on the options and cost for onsite measures
Support to enable connection to the sewer network or septic tank
provision
Support to enable piped connection to the local water supply
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Tour Operator/Activity Provider Accommodation
4.5 Food and Beverage (only audits)24
4.6 Market Sizing of Circular Economy Opportunities
Table 3. Market Sizing Exercise Results
4.7 Barriers and Enablers to Unblock Investment
4.8 Recommendations for Initiatives and Investment
•
•
•
Section 5
Circular Economy Business Cases
5.1 Integrated Waste Management Facility (IWMF)
5.1.1 Project Components
5.1.2 Project Outcomes
5.1.3 Supporting Assumptions
•
•
• •
•
•
•
•
5.1.4 Feasibility Results
Figure 15. Net present value in central scenario (2023 - 2035)
1,500,000
1,000,000
Net Present Value (US$)
500,000
-
-500,000 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035
-1,000,000
-1,500,000
-2,000,000
-2,500,000
-3,000,000
-3,500,000
Year
CAPEX OPEX Revenues Cumulative Cashflow
Table 4. Scenario overview for ROI and IRR in the Integrated Waste Management Facility business case
5.1.5 Policy enablers
•
•
•
•
5.2 Sustainable Aggregate Development (recycled glass)
5.2.1 Project outcomes
5.2.2 Supporting assumptions
5.2.3 Feasibility Results
Figure 16. Net present value in central scenario (2023 - 2035)
20,000.00
15,000.00
Net Present Value (US$)
10,000.00
5,000.00
0.00
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035
-5,000.00
-10,000.00
-15,000.00
-20,000.00
Year
CAPEX OPEX Revenues Cumulative Cashflow
Table 5. Scenario overview for ROI and IRR in the Sustainable Aggregates in Concrete Production
5.2.4 Policy enablers
Section 6
Roadmap for proposed circular economy initiatives
Table 6. Shortlist of Proposed Circular Economy Investment Projects in São Tomé and Príncipe
Section 7
Institutional and Regulatory Analysis
7.1 Integration of Circular Economy with Tourism Sector Priorities
7.2 Enabling regulatory and institutional reforms for a circular economy in São Tomé and Príncipe
Table 7. Proposed regulatory and institutional initiatives
7.3 Prioritizing the most relevant regulatory reforms for circular economy and tourism
Table 8. Priority Regulatory Initiative 1: Circular Construction Guidelines and Center for Construction and
Demonstrator
Table 9. Priority Regulatory Initiative 2: Eco-tax review paired with municipal budget review
Section 8
Next steps
Table 10. Next steps to support actions in the circular economy and tourism gaps found in this report
References
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CONTACT INFORMATION:
For further information, please contact Louise Twining-Ward, Senior Private Sector Specialist – World
Bank Group at ltwiningward@worldbank.org