Gender-Based Violence Country Profile HONDURAS Contents INTRODUCTION 3 PREVALENCE OF GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE: PRE- AND POST-COVID 4 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK 7 GBV RESPONSE MECHANISMS AND SERVICES 9 APPENDIX 1 – LATIN AMERICA (9 COUNTRIES): TOTAL AND INTIMATE 12 FEMINICIDES APPENDIX 2 – SERVICES AVAILABLE DURING COVID-19 FROM INAM (2 13 OF 5 POSTERS PUBLISHED FOR DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS) APPENDIX 3 – UN WOMEN: MEASURES AGAINST VIOLENCE AGAINST 14 WOMEN (HONDURAS) GLOSSARY 15 REFERENCES 16 World Bank GBV Country Profile: HONDURAS Page 3 INTRODUCTION Honduras has a small and informal economy that Honduras, affecting women and girls in numerous is predominantly agricultural, but its strategic ways, including high levels of gun violence, domestic location, solid industrial base, ample resources, and violence, femicide, and sexual violence. Despite those young population indicate potential for inclusive figures, Honduras has a lower percentage of women and resilient economic growth. From 2010-2019, who have experienced intimate partner violence the country experienced average annual GDP compared to the world average.4 Honduras is both a growth of 3.1 percent, driven by remittances-fueled source and transit country for human trafficking, with private consumption, and supported by responsible women being the most affected by it. The COVID-19 macroeconomic policies. 1 pandemic has exacerbated the situation, resulting in an increase in reported cases of domestic and intra- Despite the growth, Honduras remains one of the family violence. 5 poorest and most unequal countries in the region, with nearly half of the population living on less than US$6.85 per day in 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic and hurricanes Eta and Iota had a significant impact on the economy in 2020, leading to a contraction in real GDP, an increase in poverty, and job losses, with social assistance programs having limited impact due to low coverage.2 Honduras has one of the highest rates of violent deaths of women in the world, by 2021, there were reported 318 violent deaths of women.3 Violence against women is widespread and systematic in 1 Overview. (n.d.). World Bank. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/honduras/overview 2 Ibid 3 Sevencan, S. (2022). Honduras sees 318 cases of femicide in 2021: Report. Anadolu Agency. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/honduras-sees-318-ca- ses-of-femicide-in-2021-report/2486705#:~:text=Over%20300%20women%20were%20killed,violence%20they%20were%20subjected%20to. 4 Social Institutions and Gender Index (n.d) https://www.oecd.org/stories/gender/social-norms-and-gender-discrimination/sigi?country=HND 5 U.S. Department of State. (2022). Trafficking in persons report. https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-trafficking-in-persons-report/honduras/ World Bank GBV Country Profile: HONDURAS Page 4 PREVALENCE OF GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE: PRE- AND POST-COVID UN Women Prevalence Data on Different Forms of were murdered in Honduras.7 By 2021, there were Violence against Women6: reported 318 violent deaths of women, translating to one murder every 27 hours.8 Accordingly, a study — Lifetime Physical and/or Sexual Intimate Partner developed by the Gender Equality Observatory for Violence: 27.8% Latin America and the Caribbean, states that femicide — Physical and/or Sexual Intimate Partner Violence rate per 100,000 women was 4.6 by 2021 and that in the last 12 months: 6.8% 234 cases were reported. As for women’s deaths at the hands of their intimate partner or former partner — Lifetime Non-Partner Sexual Violence: Official Honduras rate was 1.0 (21%). National Statistics Not Available — Child Marriage: 33.6% Violence against women is widespread and systematic in Honduras, and it affects women and Honduras has a GII value of 0,431, ranking it 107 out of girls in numerous ways. Within the country there are 170 countries in 2021. high levels of gun violence, domestic violence, femicide, and sexual violence. Individual GBV victimization is Regarding the Gender Gap Index, Honduras has largely normalized and disregarded, notwithstanding a decreased in scores resulting in its position in rank collective recognition of the pervasiveness of GBV in 82nd a considerable decline compared to its previous all its forms; according to the Social Institutions and rank (67th). Gender Index, the percentage of ever partnered women and girls aged 15-49 years subjected to physical and/ Honduras has one of the highest rates of violent or sexual violence by a current or former intimate deaths of women in the world. In In 2020, 278 women partner was of 17% by 2022.9 6 UN Women Global Database on Violence against Women (n.d.). Honduras. https://evaw-global-database.unwomen.org/en/countries/americas/honduras?for- mofviolence=7b8d7298a96749eea9d64c16f104c540 7 UNSDG. (2021). Violence against women, the other pandemic impacting Honduras. https://unsdg.un.org/latest/stories/violence-against-women-other-pande- mic-impacting-honduras 8 Sevencan, S. (2022). Honduras sees 318 cases of femicide in 2021: Report. Anadolu Agency. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/honduras-sees-318-ca- ses-of-femicide-in-2021-report/2486705#:~:text=Over%20300%20women%20were%20killed,violence%20they%20were%20subjected%20to 9 Social Institutions and Gender Index (n.d) https://www.oecd.org/stories/gender/social-norms-and-gender-discrimination/sigi?country=HND World Bank GBV Country Profile: HONDURAS Page 5 In Honduras, the labor force participation rate among shows that the characteristics of femicide in Honduras females is 49.4% and among males is 77% for 2022. differ from trends in other Latin American countries and In the same sense, vulnerable employment for females the rest of the world in which a significant proportion has improved in Honduras since 1991. Nevertheless, of cases correspond to intimate femicide (by partner, vulnerable employment among women is 48.6% and ex-partner), while in Honduras most are perpetrated by among men is 34.9% in Honduras for 2019. Workers organized crime and a significant number are classified in vulnerable employment are the least likely to have in the category “not determined.”14 formal work arrangements, social protection, and safety nets to guard against economic shocks; thus Studies also show a high prevalence of school- they are more likely to fall into poverty.10 related gender-based violence (SRGBV). One recent survey revealed that almost half of all children have Surprisingly, in Honduras the share of women who suffered some type of abuse in school.15 These indicate have experienced intimate partner violence is less a high prevalence of harassment by teachers, including than the world average. Intimate partner violence sexual harassment, and the infiltration of organized is by far the most prevalent form of violence against criminal groups and youth gangs into = schools, often women globally but in Honduras the percentage of using technology. Violence in the household is a major women ages 15-49 who have ever experienced any factor in SRGBV, with many directly linking violence in form of sexual violence is 12.5% while the percentage of the home, street, and school.16 women ages 15-49 who have ever experienced intimate partner violence is 21.6%.11 Finally, Honduras is both a source and transit country for human trafficking, and women are In contrast to the trend in many countries in the particularly vulnerable to sex trafficking. According region, intimate femicides in Honduras amount to 12 to the U.S. Department of State 2022 Trafficking less than 20% of the total, indicating that femicidal in Persons Report, the Government of Honduras violence is perpetrated mainly by strangers or people reported investigating 148 trafficking cases—64 cases with whom the victim had no emotional ties (See for sex trafficking and related crimes, five cases for Appendix 1). 13 Indeed, a recent analysis from the IDB forced labor, and 79 cases of unspecified exploitation. 10 Ibid 11 Ibid 12 That is, those killings where the perpetrator is or was in a conjugal, cohabiting, dating, or occasional amorous liaison relationship with the victim (Definition: Addressing violence against women and girls during and after the COVID-19 pandemic requires Financing, Responses, Prevention and Data Compilation, 2020). 13 United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. (2020). Addressing violence against women and girls during and after the CO- VID-19 pandemic requires financing, responses, prevention and data compilation. http://hdl.handle.net/11362/46425 14 IDB. (2019). Femicide in Honduras. 15 USAID. (2019). Monitoring and evaluation support for collaborative learning and adapting (MESCLA) activity: Gender-based violence study in Western Hondu- ras, submitted to USAID by the Global Women’s Institute at the George Washington University and Estudios e Investigaciones de Centroamérica. 16 ibid World Bank GBV Country Profile: HONDURAS Page 6 This compares with 82 cases investigated for sex With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March trafficking and related crimes in 2020 and 91 in 2019. 2020, the National 911 Emergency System saw an Authorities initiated prosecutions of 43 suspects (27 increase in reported complaints of domestic violence for sex trafficking and 16 for forced labor), compared and sexual harassment. At the same time, there was with nine initiated in 2020 (seven for sex trafficking a reduction in physical care services and access to and two for forced labor) and 55 in 2019 (53 for sex justice due to COVID-19 mitigation measures. trafficking, including procuring commercial sex acts, and two for forced labor). The government convicted 18 Since the pandemic, the National Observatory sex traffickers, compared with 14 traffickers convicted of Violence and others report a 4.1% increase in in 2020 (10 for sex trafficking, two for forced labor, and domestic and intra-family violence.19 In the first year two for both sex trafficking and forced labor) and 34 of the pandemic, Honduras recorded 171 murders of traffickers convicted in 2019 (33 for sex trafficking/ women since the state-mandated curfew implemented procuring commercial sex acts and one for forced in March due to the pandemic.20 This is also reflected labor).17 in the figures provided by the Gender Equality Observatory for Latin America and the Caribbean, a The 2012 Honduran anti-trafficking law provides femicide rate of 4.6 per 100,000 women by 2021 and penalties of up to 15 years’ imprisonment for human 234 cases reported. trafficking; nonetheless, despite increased law enforcement efforts, Honduras continues to have Another issue during the pandemic was the lack of problems with data collection, victims’ services, and reliable statistical data as neither the Investigative the prosecution of offenders. Instances of trafficking Police Department (DPI) nor the public prosecutors had remain “grossly underreported due to the hidden nature timely accurate data regarding GBV. The two femicide of the crime” as well as the prevalence of organized units, the Special Prosecutor for the Protection of crime. Furthermore, authorities are often complicit, Women and the Prosecutor for Crimes against Life were precluding any progress towards effective prevention not travelling to communities to register complaints. and prosecution.18 17 U.S. Department of State. (2022). Trafficking in persons report. https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-trafficking-in-persons-report/honduras/ 18 Ibid 19 Education Development Center. (2020, November 23). Let’s talk about it: violence against women in Honduras. https://www.edc.org/lets-talk-about-it-violen- ce-against-women-honduras 20 Centro de Derechos de Mujeres. (2020). Observatorio de violencias contra las mujeres. https://derechosdelamujer.org/project/2020/ World Bank GBV Country Profile: HONDURAS Page 7 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK Gender equality in the legal framework: With regards life of the mother; e) With regards to political voice, to overall gender equality in the legal framework, women and men have the same legal right to vote and according to the World Bank’s 2023 Women, Business stand for election, and there are legislated candidate and the Law study, Honduras scores 75 out of 100 quotas at both the national and sub-national levels. (over 8 indicators). When it comes to constraints on freedom of movement, laws affecting women’s International conventions on GBV: Honduras is party decisions to work, constraints on women starting and to several international conventions that guarantee running a business, and gender differences in property equality, non-discrimination, and freedom from and inheritance, Honduras gets a perfect score. violence for women and girls, including the Convention However, when it comes to laws affecting women’s on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination pay, constraints related to marriage, laws affecting against Women (CEDAW), the “Convention of Belem Do women’s work after having children, and laws affecting Para,” the Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic the size of a woman’s pension, Honduras could consider in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of reforms to improve legal equality for women.21 Others, and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Honduras ratified the Convention against Torture The following data points illustrate various gender and Other Cruel Inhuman or Degrading Treatment aspects in Honduras’ legal framework22: a) It is unclear or Punishment in 1996 which clarified that domestic what the legal age of marriage is in Honduras; while the violence falls under the purview of the obligations set Civil Code sets the minimum age for marriage without forth in the Convention. parental consent at 14 for boys and 12 for girls, the Family Code establishes that 21 as the minimum age In 1997, Honduras adopted a Law against Domestic without parental consent; b) The Civil Code establishes Violence, but current criminal penalties are minimal. that only the “innocent” partner may initiate divorce, This law was amended in 2006 and 2013 and includes which can be either spouse; c) Rape is considered a economic violence. While the law criminalizes domestic “public crime” in Honduras, and proceedings can be violence and penalizes perpetrators with between two initiated even if the victim does not press charges; and four years imprisonment, the only legal penalty for spousal rape is included in the general definition of a first offense is a sentence of one to three months of rape; d) Abortion is legal in Honduras only to save the community service and “24-hour preventive detention 21 World Bank (2023). Women, Business and the Law 2021. https://wbl.worldbank.org/content/dam/documents/wbl/2023/snapshots/Honduras.pdf 22 OECD Social Institutions and Gender Index. (2014). Honduras. https://www.genderindex.org/country/honduras-2014-results/ World Bank GBV Country Profile: HONDURAS Page 8 if the violator is caught in the act.23 It should also be Women 2013-2022, which aims to prevent and noted that as of 2019, national criminal regulations still prosecute gender-based crimes; and do not recognize various types of violence experienced by women: patrimonial violence, institutional violence, III. Additional measures to improve the collection sexual violation within marriage, child marriage, and of statistics related to and services for victims of sexual harassment.24 violence against women. In 2013, Honduras amended its Criminal Code to Nonetheless, in 2016, the Committee against Torture include the crime of femicide, as well as to add a determined that “in reality, little has changed on the provision that makes the commission of a crime with ground for victims of gender-based violence,” despite hatred or contempt on the basis of sex or gender an the establishment of several laws and mechanisms aggravating circumstance. to protect women and girls. As is the case with other countries in the region, in Honduras, there are Honduras has made some strides on the legislative significant inconsistencies between legislation and and policy fronts to protect women against violence, public policy since there is no clear link between the including25: two instruments, including discrepancies between national plans on violence against women and existing I. The National Policy on Women: Second Gender domestic violence legislation.26 Ultimately, the legal Equality Plan to “combat violence against women system and policies in place are not protecting women in different environments” as well as to further the from GBV or providing victims with the necessary promotion, protection, and assurance of the “right support and services. Moreover, the legal system and of women, girls, and adolescents to peace and to a policies fail to hold perpetrators accountable,27 and the life free of violence.” This Gender Equality Plan has Special Rapporteur noted a “climate of widespread and produced “a normative framework of public policies systematic crime, corruption and impunity.”28 recognizing and guaranteeing the rights of women,” which has served as a critical “technical and policy Regarding human trafficking in Honduras, the tool for mainstreaming gender equality.” Committee against Torture noted that “legal provisions do not cover trafficking for reasons other II. The National Plan to Combat Violence against than sexual purposes and that officials suspected of 24 IDB. (2019). Femicide in Honduras. 25 The Advocates for Human Rights. (2016). Honduras’ compliance with the Convention Against Torture parallel report relating to violence against women. 26 UNDP. (2017). From commitment to action: Policies to end violence against women in Latin America and the Caribbean. https://www.undp.org/latin-america/ publications/commitment-action-policies-end-violence-against-women-latin-america-and-caribbean 27 ibid 28 The Advocates for Human Rights. (2016). Honduras’ compliance with the Convention Against Torture parallel report relating to violence against women. World Bank GBV Country Profile: HONDURAS Page 9 trafficking activities are not properly investigated” and and other forms of exploitation.” The Committee also recommended that Honduras “amend the Criminal noted “the lack of comprehensive and disaggregated Code to include all exploitative purposes of trafficking” data on complaints, investigations, prosecutions, and as well as “conduct training for law enforcement convictions of cases of torture and ill-treatment by officials, migration officials and border police on the law enforcement officials, as well as on trafficking in causes, consequences and incidence of trafficking persons and domestic and sexual violence.”29 GBV RESPONSE MECHANISMS AND SERVICES Over the years, Honduras has sought to improve — Establishing domestic violence offices (2013) at access to justice with actions such as: all departmental headquarters; and — Establishing specialized courts on domestic — Opening of reporting centers (2013) in Tegucigalpa violence and a Gender Unit (2013), which provide and San Pedro Sula where women can report crimes training and information on issues related to all and seek medical attention, in addition to the 298 forms of discrimination against women through government-operated women’s offices (one in each the design and implementation of campaigns on municipality) providing services to women focusing the cycle of violence. Currently, three courts exist on the prevention of GBV. nationwide with limited coverage and staffing;30 Overall, however, institutional responses to GBV — Launching of mobile courts in Choluteca, San remain inadequate. This includes key sectors such Pedro Sula, and Tegucigalpa which have been able as judiciary, public prosecution, police, health services, to provide more localized services and receive municipal services, and community responses. As complaints to be referred to the special domestic noted by one study, there is a “lack of coordination and violence courts; cohesion among service providers and justice operators, and an alarming lack of funding. Additionally, the — Creating a femicide unit within the Directorate- demand greatly outstrips supply of services, typically General of Criminal Investigation; centralized in urban areas, leaving a large majority of 29 ibid 30 USAID. (2015). Gender-based violence analysis for USAID/Honduras. World Bank GBV Country Profile: HONDURAS Page 10 the population without any support.”31 located at hospitals and health centers in populated neighborhoods and are meant to serve as a one-stop- Most women do not go to the police for help given the center, providing multi-sectorial case management for widespread impunity for sexual violence and femicide victims, including counseling, assistance from a social and the fear of retribution when their perpetrators worker, and legal services in one location. Some of them are gang leaders or well-connected politically. also provide counseling to male perpetrators and work Women express that there is no point in going to the on redefining masculinity. Although these are meant to police because they do not get involved in domestic cover the whole country, less than 12 Consejerias are affairs while others fear retribution. Even when women still operational, most providing only limited services do turn to local law enforcement, they receive limited due to scant resources.35 to no support. In general, domestic and sexual violence cases are handled with “systematic indifference of the Municipal services and community responses: In police.” Many argue that systemic failures are related 32 the absence of sufficient specialized national bodies to Honduras’ entrenched machismo and patriarchal to address GBV, several municipalities have created culture while gang members and others also threaten, their own structures, mainly through the Municipal abduct, assault, and rape Honduran women.33 The Offices for Women (Oficinas de la Mujer, OMM). The UN Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women OMMs are often the first point of entry (after the recently reported that Honduras has a 95% impunity police) for victims of GBV looking for support. There rate for sexual violence and femicide crimes. 34 are significant variations between OMMs in each municipality, largely determined by the political will Regarding health services, one of the main of the mayor, local advocacy, and the availability of contributions of health sector to address GBV financial resources. Due to the limited support from is the creation of the Family Counseling Units the national and municipal governments, community (Consejerias de Familia) in 1993. The Consejerias groups often assume a particularly important role.36 are tasked to “function as a monitoring mechanism and guarantee of human rights, and to prevent and Additional actions include: provide assistance, protection and support to victims of interfamily violence.” 23 Consejerias are strategically — Línea 114 “Vivir Sin Violencia Y Con Respeto” 31 USAID. (2015). Gender-based violence analysis for USAID/Honduras. 32 Kelly, A. (2011, May 28). Honduran police turn a blind eye to soaring number of ‘femicides.’ Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/29/hon- duras-blind-eye-femicides See also: http://www.s21.com.gt/internacionales/2015/11/17/cada-16-horas-muere-una-mujer-violencia-machista-honduras, Nov 17, 2015 33 The Advocates for Human Rights. (2016). Honduras’ compliance with the Convention Against Torture parallel report relating to violence against women. 34 Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2014, July 10). Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women finalizes country mission to Honduras and calls for urgent action to address the culture of impunity for crimes against women and girls. http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?- NewsID=14847&LangID=E 35 USAID. (2015). Gender-based violence analysis for USAID/Honduras. World Bank GBV Country Profile: HONDURAS Page 11 (2010) which provides aid to survivors of violence — Implementation of the campaign “Without Violence over the phone (available only in the city of During the Emergency” and “INAM Supports You” Tegucigalpa)37 which is designed to promote INAM’s GBV services and the co-responsibility of care at home; — Safe Houses (“Casas Refugio,” 2010), six safe houses established with state support through — Strengthening the Municipal Offices for Women organized civil society networks of women against (OMMs), providing technological resources to violence. facilitate their functions during the emergency situation; and Finally, the following additional national and local measures were implemented during the COVID-19 — Strengthening of statistical capacities to facilitate pandemic by the National Institute of Women (INAM), the exchange of data with the Supreme Court of among others (See Appendix 2 for additional examples): Justice, for the monitoring of violence against women. — Design of prevention campaigns and new protocols and strategies for attention to violence against It should be noted in particular that Honduras was one women; of a limited number of countries in the region where all or part of services to address violence against women — Creation of multi-sectoral response teams who were declared essential as part of the government’s virtually provide psychological, social, and legal response for preventing and addressing gender-based assistance services to GBV survivors; violence, allowing greater access for women and girls during the pandemic than in neighboring countries.38 Examples of Notable Interventions to Address GBV In 2016, the Government implemented Ciudad Mujer, a project (replicating an existing model in neighboring El Salvador) designed to assist female victims of violence through providing integrated public services to women and focusing on economic independence, protection, and social development. There are now 6 Ciudad Mujer throughout the country, as well as a Mobile Ciudad Mujer (See Appendix 3).40 36 ibid UN Women Global Database on Violence against Women (n.d.). Honduras. https://evaw-global-database.unwomen.org/en/countries/americas/honduras?for- 37 mofviolence=7b8d7298a96749eea9d64c16f104c540 38 United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. (2020). Addressing violence against women and girls during and after the CO- VID-19 pandemic requires financing, responses, prevention and data compilation. http://hdl.handle.net/11362/46425 39 Agencias, Gobierno de Honduras replicará proyecto de El Salvador para víctimas de violencia. (2016, June 21). Radio La Primerisima. http://www.radiolaprime- risima.com/noticias/resumen/205182/gobierno-de-honduras-replicara-proyecto-de-el-salvador-para-victimas-de-violencia 40 Ciudad Mujer. (n.d.). https://www.ciudadmujer.gob.hn/direcciones/ World Bank GBV Country Profile: HONDURAS Page 12 APPENDIX 1 – LATIN AMERICA (9 COUNTRIES): TOTAL AND INTIMATE FEMINICIDES41 41 United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. (2020). Addressing violence against women and girls during and after the CO- VID-19 pandemic requires financing, responses, prevention and data compilation. http://hdl.handle.net/11362/46425 World Bank GBV Country Profile: HONDURAS Page 13 APPENDIX 2 – SERVICES AVAILABLE DURING COVID-19 FROM INAM (2 OF 5 POSTERS PUBLISHED FOR DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS) World Bank GBV Country Profile: HONDURAS Page 14 APPENDIX 3 – UN WOMEN: MEASURES AGAINST VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN (HONDURAS)42 https://evaw-global-database.unwomen.org/en/countries/americas/honduras 42 UN Women Global Database on Violence against Women (n.d.). Honduras. https://evaw-global-database.unwomen.org/en/countries/americas/honduras?for- mofviolence=7b8d7298a96749eea9d64c16f104c540 World Bank GBV Country Profile: HONDURAS Page 15 GLOSSARY Gender Roles that are determined socially, behaviours, activities, and attributes that a society considers appropriate for men and women. These roles are contextual and influenced by a society’s culture and traditions, as well as by prevailing religious beliefs. Gender-Based Any act of violence that results in, or the nature of which causes, physical, sexual, or Violence (GBV) psychological harm or suffering to someone because of his or her sex. This including threats through similar acts, coercion, or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether in public or private life (UN, 1993). Sex Refers to the biological and physiological characteristics which differentiate men and women. Sexual Exploitation Any real or attempted abuse of a position of vulnerability, power differential, or relationship of confidence for a sexual purpose, including, but not limited to, taking financial, social, or political advantage of another through sexual means. Sexual Abuse Real or threatened physical intrusion of a sexual nature, whether it be by force or under unequal or coercive conditions. Sexual Harassment Unwelcomed sexual advances, demand for sexual favors, or any other verbal or physical behavior of a sexual nature. In the workplace, submission to these advances or behaviors may made either implicitly or explicitly a condition of continued employment, promotion, or other decisions affecting a person’s employment. World Bank GBV Country Profile: HONDURAS Page 16 REFERENCES — Agencias, Gobierno de Honduras replicará proyecto de El Salvador para víctimas de violencia. (2016, June 21). Radio La Primerisima. http://www.radiolaprimerisima.com/noticias/resumen/205182/gobierno-de-honduras-repli- cara-proyecto-de-el-salvador-para-victimas-de-violencia. — Center for Gender and Refugee Studies. (n.d.). Thousands of girls and women are fleeing rape, sexual violence and torture in Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala. http://cgrs.uchastings.edu/talking_points_and_stories. — Centro de Derechos de Mujeres. (2020). Observatorio de violencias contra las mujeres. https://derechosdelamu- jer.org/project/2020/. — Ciudad Mujer. (n.d.). https://www.ciudadmujer.gob.hn/direcciones/. — Education Development Center. (2020, November 23). Let’s talk about it: violence against women in Honduras. https://www.edc.org/lets-talk-about-it-violence-against-women-honduras. — IDB. (2019). Femicide in Honduras. — Kelly, A. (2011, May 28). Honduran police turn a blind eye to soaring number of ‘femicides.’ Guardian. http://www. theguardian.com/world/2011/may/29/honduras-blind-eye-femicides. — OECD Social Institutions and Gender Index. (2014). Honduras. https://www.genderindex.org/country/hondu- ras-2014-results/. — Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2014, July 10). Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Wo- men finalizes country mission to Honduras and calls for urgent action to address the culture of impunity for crimes against women and girls. http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=14847&LangI- D=E. — Sevencan, S. (2022). Honduras sees 318 cases of femicide in 2021: Report. Anadolu Agency. https://www. aa.com.tr/en/americas/honduras-sees-318-cases-of-femicide-in-2021-report/2486705#:~:text=Over%20300%20 women%20were%20killed,violence%20they%20were%20subjected%20to. World Bank GBV Country Profile: HONDURAS Page 17 — Spotlight Initiative. (2018).Country Programme Document Honduras. — The Advocates for Human Rights. (2016). Honduras’ compliance with the Convention Against Torture parallel report relating to violence against women. — UN Women Global Database on Violence against Women (n.d.). Honduras. https://evaw-global-database.unwo- men.org/en/countries/americas/honduras?formofviolence=7b8d7298a96749eea9d64c16f104c540. — UNDP. (2017). From commitment to action: Policies to end violence against women in Latin America and the Ca- ribbean. https://www.undp.org/latin-america/publications/commitment-action-policies-end-violence-against-wo- men-latin-america-and-caribbean. — United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. (2020). Addressing violence against women and girls during and after the COVID-19 pandemic requires financing, responses, prevention and data com- pilation. http://hdl.handle.net/11362/46425. — UNSDG. (2021). Violence against women, the other pandemic impacting Honduras. https://unsdg.un.org/latest/ stories/violence-against-women-other-pandemic-impacting-honduras. — USAID. (2015). Gender-based violence analysis for USAID/Honduras. — USAID. (2019). Monitoring and evaluation support for collaborative learning and adapting (MESCLA) activity: Gender-based violence study in Western Honduras, submitted to USAID by the Global Women’s Institute at the George Washington University and Estudios e Investigaciones de Centroamérica. — U.S. Department of State. (2021). Trafficking in persons report. https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-traffic- king-in-persons-report/honduras/. — World Bank. (n.d.). Intentional homicides (per 100,000 people) – Honduras. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ VC.IHR.PSRC.P5?locations=HN&most_recent_value_desc=true. — World Bank (2021). Women, Business and the Law 2021. https://wbl.worldbank.org/content/dam/documents/ wbl/2021/snapshots/Honduras.pdf. Social Sustainability and Inclusion Global Practice, Latin America and the Caribbean Region Published: June 2023