Gender-Based Violence Country Profile GUATEMALA Contents INTRODUCTION 3 PREVALENCE OF GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE: PRE- AND POST-COVID 4 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK 7 GBV RESPONSE MECHANISMS AND SERVICES 10 APPENDIX 1 – INSTITUTIONS/SERVICES INVOLVED IN CASES OF VAW 12 APPENDIX 2 – UN WOMEN: MEASURES AGAINST VIOLENCE AGAINST 16 WOMEN (GUATEMALA) GLOSSARY 17 REFERENCES 18 World Bank GBV Country Profile: GUATEMALA Page 3 INTRODUCTION With a population of approximately 18.2 million High-risk groups facing multiple and intersecting people, Guatemala is the most populous country forms of discrimination include young and in Central America. Guatemala is considered a adolescent girls, indigenous women, those who have lower-middle-income country, with a gross domestic experienced adolescent pregnancies, early unions or product (GDP) of approximately $ 85.9 billion in 2021. marriages, women and girls living with disabilities, Moreover, the country’s economy is primarily driven by and LGBTQ+ groups. In 40% of femicides, there was agriculture, which employs over a quarter of the labor already a complaint of violence against women by the force, and the service sector. However, poverty and victims in the two years prior to their murder.5 Crimes inequality remain significant challenges, with over half against women and children are the most reported the population living below the poverty line.1 crimes, with violence against women representing 13% of the most reported crimes in 2021. Child marriage Guatemala has one of the highest rates of femicide is mostly driven by tradition, poverty, discriminatory in the world, with violent deaths of women increasing gender norms, and a lack of access to education.6 from 1.3 per 100,000 women in 2020 to 1.6 per 100,000 women in 2021, resulting in 527 femicides In order to address violence and discrimination against reported in 2021 and 534 in 2022, and 69 femicides women and girls in Guatemala, various initiatives and reported by March 2023.2 3 Adult women continue policies have been implemented by the government to exhibit the highest rate of violence against women; and civil society organizations. However, much work however, young women aged 18-24 were the primary remains to be done to effectively address the root victims of lethal violence in 2021. Moreover, in 2021, causes of these issues and ensure the safety and well- there was a rise in the number of women victims of all being of all women and girls in the country. ages, particularly girls aged 0-14.4 1 The World Bank. (n.d.). The World Bank Data. The World Bank Data. https://data.worldbank.org/country/guatemala 2 Ministerio Público de Guatemala. (n.d.). Portal Estadísco Observatorio de las Mujeres del Ministerio Público. Observatorio De Las Mujeres Del Ministerio Público De Guatemala. https://observatorio.mp.gob.gt/portal-estadistico/ 3 Ibid 4 Ibid 5 Centro de Investigaciones Económicas & Centro Internacional para la Empresa Privada. (2022). Los Delitos contra la Mujer en Guatemala con énfasis en el Delito de Femicidio. Centro De Investigaciones Económicas. https://cien.org.gt/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Documento-Violencia-contra-la-Mujer-y-Femici- dio-mayo-2022-vf.pdf 6 Ministerio Público de Guatemala. (n.d.). Portal Estadísco Observatorio de las Mujeres del Ministerio Público. Observatorio De Las Mujeres Del Ministerio Público De Guatemala. https://observatorio.mp.gob.gt/portal-estadistico/ World Bank GBV Country Profile: GUATEMALA Page 4 PREVALENCE OF GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE: PRE- AND POST-COVID UN Women Prevalence Data on Different Forms of the Statistical Portal of the Women Observatory Violence against Women7: reported 534 femicides and by March 2023 there are already 69 femicides reported.10 — Lifetime Physical and/or Sexual Intimate Partner Violence: 21.2 % In 2021, at least one woman or girl died violently — Physical and/or Sexual Intimate Partner Violence every day in Guatemala. The violent death rate in the last 12 months: 8.5 % of women and girls in 2021 was 4.8 per 100, 000 women, the highest compared to 2020; however, this — Lifetime Non-Partner Sexual Violence: Official is lower than pre – pandemic levels. Of these victims, National Statistics Not Available young women ages 18 – 24 were the primary victims of — Child Marriage: 29.5 % lethal violence. Accordingly, the Public Ministry typified 38.9% of these homicides as femicides as compared to Guatemala’s Gender Inequality Index Rank is 121 out of the last six years. 170 countries by 2021, while in the Global Gender Gap Index Guatemala ranks 113 by 2022. Despite the fact that adult women continue to exhibit the highest rate of violence against women, Guatemala has one of the highest rate of femicide 2028 young and adolescent girls entered the cycle in the world. By 2021, violent deaths of women 8 of the continuum of Violence Against Women.11 In increased by 1.6 deaths per 100,000 women 2020, there were 1,012 recorded cases of domestic/ compared to 2020 (1.3 deaths per 100,000 women) intrafamily violence and 8,767 cases of sexual violence and according to official statistics by the end of in Guatemala.12 High-risk groups that face multiple 2021, 527 femicides were reported.9 As for 2022, 7 UN Women Global Database on Violence against Women. (n.d.). Guatemala. https://evaw-global-database.unwomen.org/en/countries/americas/guatemala 8 Intentional homicides, female (per 100,000 female) - Guatemala Data. (n.d.). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.FE.P5?locations=GT 9 Ministerio Público de Guatemala. (n.d.). Portal Estadísco Observatorio de las Mujeres del Ministerio Público. Observatorio De Las Mujeres Del Ministerio Público De Guatemala. https://observatorio.mp.gob.gt/portal-estadistico/ 10 Ibid 11 Ibid 12 InfoSegura. (2020). Central America and the Dominican Republic: Violence against women throughout the life cycle. https://infosegura.org/wp-content/ uploads/2021/06/VCM-REGIONAL-2020-ENG.pdf 13 Ibid World Bank GBV Country Profile: GUATEMALA Page 5 and intersecting forms of discrimination include young labor, and 133 not specified) opening investigations and adolescent girls, indigenous women, those who into 164 suspected trafficking cases (38 involving have experienced adolescent pregnancies, those in sex trafficking, 85 involving forced labor, and 41 not early unions or marriages, women and girls living with specified). In comparison, the government investigated disabilities, and LGBTQ+ groups. Moreover, in 2021 as 165 trafficking complaints in 2020 and 211 in 2019.15 compared to the previous year, there was a rise in the number women victim of all ages, particularly of girls Furthermore, regarding child marriage, in 2015, ages 0 – 14 (23%).13 777 cases of child marriage under 15 years of age were registered, and 20,321 marriages involving Furthermore, The Centro de Investigaciones adolescent girls and young women between 15 and Económicas (CIEN) stated in a research that 19 years of age.16 The National Survey on Maternal and the crime of femicide was legally established by Child Health (ENSMI 2014-2015) estimates that early Guatemala in 2008 and since then 2,168 cases of unions affect 14% of the adolescent girls and young murders of women or femicides have been registered. women between 15 and 19 years of age. However, other In the same period 630 men were convicted for the specialized studies indicate that 28% of the adolescent crime of femicide, which is equivalent to 29% of the girls have gotten married and 54% have had partners total number of homicides, meaning that 71% of the before reaching 18 years of age.17 The fertility rate for murders of women in the Central American nation adolescent girls and young women aged 15-19 is 92 remain unpunished. In adittion, in 40 percent of annual births per one thousand women, in contrast femicides there was already a complaint of violence with the Latin American average of 64. Finally, 21.2% of against women by the victims in the two years prior to indigenous adolescent girls indicated they were already their murder.14 mothers, 4.4% were pregnant with their first child and 16.8% were pregnant at least once before, vis a vis Human trafficking and child marriage also remain 20.2%, 4.6% and 15.6% of their non-indigenous peers.18 serious issues, the child marriage rate of girls is 18%. Regarding Authorities opened investigations into 386 Child marriage in Guatemala is mostly driven by criminal complaints involving suspected trafficking tradition, poverty, discriminatory gender norms, crimes (71 involving sex trafficking, 182 involving forced and a lack of access to education. In addition, 13 Ibid 14 Centro de Investigaciones Económicas & Centro Internacional para la Empresa Privada. (2022). Los Delitos contra la Mujer en Guatemala con énfasis en el Delito de Femicidio. Centro De Investigaciones Económicas. https://cien.org.gt/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Documento-Violencia-contra-la-Mujer-y-Femici- dio-mayo-2022-vf.pdf 15 2022 Trafficking in Persons Report. (2022). Department of State of the United States of America. https://www.state.gov/wp-content/ uploads/2022/10/20221020-2022-TIP-Report.pdf 16 In 2017, a new law that prohibits marriage before 18 years of age with no exceptions was enacted. 17 Spotlight Initiative. (2018). Country Programme Document: Guatemala. 18 ibid World Bank GBV Country Profile: GUATEMALA Page 6 gender norms define what girls can and cannot do, of documented complaints until August of 2020 both before and after entering a union. 19 Girls are indicated an increase of 26%. (This trend is contrary expected to perform domestic tasks from a young to what was observed in terms of homicidal violence age, while boys and men are not. Moreover, adolescent and injuries, which saw a decrease.)23 Confinement pregnancy, sexual violence and early unions are closely measures due to COVID-19 and mobility limitations related, and are often causes and consequences of were a risk factor for different forms of violence against each other. Adolescents often enter unions because women, girls, and older adults, both distancing them of unintended pregnancy and girls in Guatemala state from existing support networks, protection services, they are aware of different methods of contraception, and complaint mechanisms and making them more but felt too ashamed to go to health care facilities to vulnerable to multiple manifestations of violence ask for them20. Adolescent pregnancy is associated against them (psychological, economic, sexual, among with increased health risks – including obstetric fistula others). – and higher rates of infant mortality and unsafe abortion.21 Girls who are currently in a union are more Furthermore, crimes against children and women likely to live in rural areas, belong to Mayan ethnic are the most reported crimes in 2021. Of the 92,833 groups, live in low-income households and have less crimes against women, children and adolescents, access to education. However, although one of the violence against women represents 13% of the most key structural drivers is inequality, Child marriage also reported crimes in 2021 with a number of 58,897 occurs in urban areas and among members of the survivors registered. Of this figure, 1,817 cases belong middle and upper classes.22 to economic violence, 24,148 to physical violence (5%) and 36,833 to psychological violence (6%). Likewise, In 2020, police reports for domestic violence sexual assault represents 1% of the most reported saw a considerable increase during the period of crimes with 4,743 survivors, rape represents 3% of confinement. The rise was observed as of February the most reported crimes with 9,283 survivors of the 2020, and by June, the number of complaints had crime.24 almost doubled compared to 2019. In total, the number 19 Girls Not Brides. (2022). Child, Early and Forced Marriage and Unions in Guatemala. In Girls Not Brides. https://www.girlsnotbrides.org/documents/1776/CE- FMU_in_Guatemala.pdf 20 Ibid 21 Blum, R. W., Unfpa, Gates, W. H., & United Nations Population Fund. (2015b). Girlhood, Not Motherhood (English): Preventing Adolescent Pregnancy. United Nations Fund for Population Activities. 22 Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social (MSPAS), Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), and ICF International, 2017, Encuesta nacional de salud mater- no infantil 2014-2015. Informe final. Guatemala. 23 Diálogos. (2020). Violencia en Tiempos de Pandemia. https://dialogos.org.gt/sites/default/files/2020-10/Violencia%20en%20tiempos%20de%20pande- mia%20Fin.pdf 24 Ministerio Público de Guatemala. (n.d.). Portal Estadísco Observatorio de las Mujeres del Ministerio Público. Observatorio De Las Mujeres Del Ministerio Público De Guatemala. https://observatorio.mp.gob.gt/portal-estadistico/ World Bank GBV Country Profile: GUATEMALA Page 7 The violence prevention campaign #NadaJustifica community and recognize the signs because Nothing (“Nothing Justifies It”) was launched in 2020 in justifies violence against women”. This phase has response to the high rates of violence against involved 10 prioritized municipalities, which have been women. The campaign was launched by Government 25 awarded a symbolic sign as “Municipalities Committed institutions, two municipalities, and five local NGOs to the Right of Women and Girls to Live Free of in coordination with UNDP and USAID in Guatemala Violence”. The campaign has coordinated with 10 local and supported by the UNDP-RBLAC InfoSegura governments and their Municipal Women’s Directorates, project (which gathers data on citizen security in implementing various actions such as youth contests, Central American countries). This campaign places workshops for mural construction and participatory special emphasis on informing and sensitizing the workshops with men and women to sensitize them on general public, key actors, and especially men who violence against women. The campaign has involved are considered in the framework of the campaign as the participation of approximately 250 sensitized potential agents of change, on violence against women women, 65 sensitized men, 110 informed young women and promoting the establishment of relationships and men, 155 sensitized and informed children, and 375 which are healthy and free from violence. people of all ages and both sexes in family recreational activities. Additionally, a series of materials have been As for 2023, the campaign is still ongoing and has developed such as puzzles, memories, lotteries, and moved from social networks to the territory with radio spots.26 an action plan called “Transmit ideas, educate your POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK Gender equality in the legal framework: With regards laws affecting the size of a woman’s pension. However, to overall gender equality in the legal framework, , when it comes to laws affecting women’s decisions to according to the World Bank’s “Women, Business and work, laws affecting women’s pay, constraints related the Law” 2023 study, Guatemala scores 703.8 out of to marriage, laws affecting women’s work after having 100 (over 8 indicators). The country does well when children, and constraints on women starting and it comes to constraints on freedom of movement, running a business, Guatemala could consider reforms gender differences in property and inheritance, and to improve legal equality for women.27 25 “#NadaJustifica violence against women, Guatemala presents Campaign for the Prevention of Violence against women.” (2020). InfoSegura. https://infosegura. org/2020/11/13/nadajustifica-la-violencia-contra-las-mujeres-guatemala-presenta-campana-de-prevencion-de-violencia-contra-la-mujer/ 26 8M #NadaJustifica la Violencia contra las Mujeres. Infosegura. (2023, March 10). https://infosegura.org/2023/03/10/8m-nadajustifica-la-violencia-con- tra-las-mujeres/ 27 World Bank (2023). Women, Business and the Law 2021: Guatemala. https://wbl.worldbank.org/content/dam/documents/wbl/2023/snapshots/Guatemala. pdf World Bank GBV Country Profile: GUATEMALA Page 8 The following data points illustrate various other Women (CEDAW), the Inter-American Convention gender aspects in Guatemala’s legal framework: 28 on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of a) In 2017, the minimum legal age for marriage was Violence against Women “Convention of Belem Do increased to 18 for both males and female from 16 Para,” the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, and 14 respectively. However, the prevalence of child and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). marriage remains high, with nearly one in three girls are married off before the age of 18 (as compared to Since 2014, Guatemala has made important one in five in the LAC region), and there is no specific progress in the recognition of gender equality in legal provision which prohibits forced marriage; b) the constitution, with important recent progress in The Civil Code establishes that either spouse can the legal frameworks and public policies to address initiate divorce. Nonetheless, certain articles related to VAWG. Key examples include: legislation that prohibits divorce still differentiate between women and men; for marriage before 18 years of age with no exceptions example, women will have the right to alimony only if (2017); the establishment of the Institute for the they observe “good conduct” and remain unmarried; c) Attention and Protection of Victims of Violence (2016); The law criminalizes rape (including spousal rape); d) and the establishment of the Specific Cabinet for Abortion can be legally performed only if the mother’s Women (Gabinete Específico de la Mujer [GEM]) which life is in danger. A woman who causes her abortion, or aims to coordinate, articulate, and promote inter- consents to another person to cause it, is punishable institutional actions for the implementation of public with imprisonment from one to three years; e) With policies, plans, programs focused on in the integral regards to civil liberties and political voice, women and development of Guatemalan women (2014). men have the same legal rights to vote and stand for election. Nonetheless, the non-participation rate among National response to GBV: Legislative and policy uneducated women is extremely high (64% urban, 70% responses to protect women against violence include29: rural), and women continue to be underrepresented politically, though Guatemala has tried unsuccessfully — Law against Feminicide and Violence against to introduce gender quotas. Women (2008). The law recognizes domestic violence as a punishable crime, and the definition International treaties on GBV: Guatemala is a of domestic violence covers psychological, physical member of several international treaties that and economic violence. guarantee equality , non-discrimination, and freedom from violence for women, including the Convention on — Law against Sexual Violence, Exploitation and the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Trafficking in Persons (2009) reforms the Criminal Code and aims to prevent, suppress, punish, 28 OECD Social Institutions and Gender Index. (2019). https://www.genderindex.org/wp-content/uploads/files/datasheets/2019/GT.pdf 29 OECD Social Institutions and Gender Index. (2019). https://www.genderindex.org/wp-content/uploads/files/datasheets/2019/GT.pdf World Bank GBV Country Profile: GUATEMALA Page 9 and eliminate sexual violence, exploitation, and The legal framework is complemented by several trafficking-in-persons and to ensure that survivors government entities working on combatting and receive care, protection, and compensation for preventing violence against women30 31: the National harm. Coordination Office for the Prevention of Domestic Violence and Violence against Women (CONAPREVI); — National Plan for the Prevention and Eradication Secretariat against Sexual Violence, Exploitation of Domestic Violence and Violence against and Trafficking in Persons (SVET); the Office for the Women (PLANOVI 2020-2029) Public policy Defense of Indigenous Women (DEMI); Program for instrument designed by the Guatemalan State the Prevention and Eradication of Domestic Violence to comply with national and international human (PROPEVI) which provides initiatives to prevent, treat rights commitments, with the aim of guaranteeing and eradicate domestic violence; Coordinator for the women the right to a life free from violence. Prevention of Domestic Violence and Violence Against Additionally, the Planovi 2020-2029 introduces an Women (CONAPREVI) which serves as the domestic intersectional approach to reflect the complexity violence interagency coordinator and includes several of the issue and contribute to understanding the civil society organizations; the Presidential Secretariat link between other structural determinants of for Women (SEPREM); the Ombudsman’s office for the inequality and violence against women. defense of women; Institute of Public Criminal Defense, which provides free legal, medical, and psychological — National Policy for the Promotion and assistance to survivors of domestic violence; Gender Comprehensive Development of Women (PNPDIM Units in each of the Ministries; Vice-President’s 2008 – 2023) called for combatting all forms of Special Cabinet for Women (GEM). Furthermore, the discrimination and violence against women and government also established lower and courts for set specific goals with allocated budgets. feminicide offences and other forms of violence against women in 11 of Guatemala’s departments and 26 first — Decree 13-2017: which establishes the prohibition instance courts specializing in feminicide cases. To of marriage for persons under 18 years of age. This that end, judicial facilities were rearranged to allow as a result of the ratification of the Convention hearings using oral proceedings and the possibility of on the Rights of the Child made by the State of video conferences to avoid direct contact between Guatemala, through Decree 27-90 of May 23, aggressors and their victims. 1990 and in order to avoid various risk factors that directly affect children and adolescents in the country. 30 UN Women. (2021). Guatemala. Retrieved from https://lac.unwomen.org/en/donde-estamos/guatemala 31 OECD Social Institutions and Gender Index. (2019). https://www.genderindex.org/wp-content/uploads/files/datasheets/2019/GT.pdf World Bank GBV Country Profile: GUATEMALA Page 10 GBV RESPONSE MECHANISMS AND SERVICES The following services are available for survivors — The Program for the Prevention and Eradication of violence in Guatemala (full list of institutions, of Intrafamily Violence (PROPEVI), attached to functions and how to approach them in Appendix the Presidential Secretariat for Women (SEPREM), 1):32 has a school for parents and a 24/7 intrafamily violence hotline. Services are also available for — The National Coordinator for the Prevention children and adolescents with disabilities and of Intrafamily Violence and Against Women victims of sexual and commercial exploitation. (CONAPREVI) is an institutional mechanism for coordinating, advising, and promoting public policies According to a 2016 report from the US Department for the prevention, punishment, and eradication of of State, police had minimal training or capacity to intrafamily violence and violence against women. investigate sexual crimes or assist survivors of such Within its functions, it advises, informs, and trains crimes and that impunity for perpetrators remained public officials. It is also responsible for monitoring very high. Police often fail to respond to requests for the Comprehensive Support Centers for Women assistance related to domestic violence, and women’s Survivors of Violence (CAIMUS) and providing rights advocates reported that few officers received support and advice to the organizations that training on how to deal with domestic violence cases administer them. It has also provided support or to assist survivors. Research shows that police, in the elaboration of protocols of attention and prosecutors, and judges often do not take cases of access to the justice, health, and education sector. violence against women seriously because they believe With regards to intrafamily violence and violence that men have the right to use violence against their against women, it has the National Plan for the partners to control them.33 prevention and eradication of violence: Intrafamily Violence and Violence against Women (PLANOVI) The establishment of specialized investigation and 2004-2014. criminal prosecution units aims to address violence against women and stop impunity. Nonetheless, 32 UN Women Global Database on Violence against Women. (n.d.). Guatemala. https://evaw-global-database.unwomen.org/en/countries/americas/guatemala 33 OECD Social Institutions and Gender Index. (2019). https://www.genderindex.org/wp-content/uploads/files/datasheets/2019/GT.pdf World Bank GBV Country Profile: GUATEMALA Page 11 these courts still have limited coverage.34 Furthermore, Rescue Committee (IRC) operates a multi-platform despite the comprehensive legal framework and information hub “CuentaNos” with two-way messaging, specialized courts, many prosecutors do not consider where users in Guatemala (as well as Honduras and El domestic violence as a serious matter that warrants Salvador) can seek information and service providers attention. There is also a pattern of prosecutors and for essential services such as health and education. judges urging conciliation of conflicts, rather than The IRC expanded the functionality of this existing seeking to protect survivors of domestic violence. web-based resource to address increases in intimate In addition, Article 106 of the Penal Code allows the partner violence (IPV) and other needs related to victim to pardon the perpetrator, including cases of COVID-19. The platform includes a database of IPV rape and other sexual crime, making victims vulnerable protection service providers and allows users to contact to pressure not to file complaints.35 IRC moderators via WhatsApp for support concerning IPV and other issues. CuentaNos data as of May 2020 During COVID-19, there was an expansion of an reveals drastic increases in searches and requests for interactive platform “CuentaNos” which provides help due to gender-based violence since the onset of critical information on services. The International the pandemic. More information on the service here.36 Examples of Notable Interventions to Address GBV Translation of campaigns on prevention of violence against women into indigenous languages and joint Mechanisms for the Advancement of Women within indigenous communities and the justice sector. Due to the multi-ethnic composition of the country, the campaigns and public policies that introduce prevention measures adopted an ethnic and intercultural approach that allowed for the recognition of the four dominant ethnicities in Guatemala: Xinca, Garífuna, Mestiza, and Maya. All the campaigns were translated into appropriate languages for each group; for example, the Presidential Secretariat for Women (SEPREM) produced a video that addressed the rights of victims which was translated in the three Mayan languages—Kakchiquel, Mam and K’ekchí—and provided the projection equipment and video to the local district prosecutors to ensure its distribution.37 34 UN Women. (n.d.). “Guatemala.” https://lac.unwomen.org/en/donde-estamos/guatemala 35 OECD Social Institutions and Gender Index. (2019). https://www.genderindex.org/wp-content/uploads/files/datasheets/2019/GT.pdf 36 IRC. (2020, June 9). IRC data shows an increase in reports of gender-based violence across Latin America. https://reliefweb.int/report/el-salvador/irc-da- ta-shows-increase-reports-gender-based-violence-across-latin-america 37 UNDP. (2017). From commitment to action: Policies to end violence against women in Latin America and the Caribbean. https://www.undp.org/latin-america/ publications/commitment-action-policies-end-violence-against-women-latin-america-and-caribbean World Bank GBV Country Profile: GUATEMALA Page 12 APPENDIX 1 – INSTITUTIONS/ SERVICES INVOLVED IN CASES OF VAW Institution/ Services Function Hotline 1572 The 1572 is an exclusive line for women who suffer of physical, psychological and sexual violence. Attention 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Isabel-Claudina When a woman goes missing or is in danger, the Alerta Isabel Claudina system is Alert activated, and various government agencies and civil society organizations work together to locate and protect the woman. The system has helped to save the lives of many women in Guatemala and has become a model for other countries in the region. More information on how to report, the data that must be provided, documentation on: How to report a missing woman? Isabel-Claudina This portal displays missing women’s bulletins. You can take actions on each bulletin Alert Portal that include performing an enlarged view to see the bulletin information in more detail, downloading the bulletin, reporting if you have seen the missing woman from the bulletin. Panic Button Panic Button is our application for Android systems that you can download and use in times of emergency. There is a coordination with the National Civil Police that sends a patrol to the place from where the Panic Button is activated. More information on how it works here. For downloading the app click here. RENAS Registro Database maintained by the Guatemalan government that contains the personal Nacional de Agresores information and criminal records of individuals who have been convicted of sexual Sexuales which crimes. The registry is used by law enforcement agencies and other authorized translates to National parties to prevent sexual violence and protect potential victims by identifying Registry of Sexual individuals with a history of sexual offenses. More information about RENAS here. Offenders in English Secretariat Against Entity responsible for ensuring compliance with the Law against sexual violence, Sexual Violence, exploitation and trafficking in persons, with the primary purpose of advising Exploitation and the State institutions responsible in this area, to prevent, care for and protect, Trafficking in Persons promoting effective strategies to improve the quality of life of children, adolescents and women. World Bank GBV Country Profile: GUATEMALA Page 13 Inter-institutional Addresses the phenomenon of human trafficking in the modalities of labor Coordinator against exploitation, forced labor and child labor. The lines of action are: a) detection, b) Labor Exploitation attention to victims and c) referral of victims. the main actions implemented are: a) and Child Labor Inter-institutional route for the detection and attention of cases; (b) Platform for the online management and receipt of complaints; c) Dissemination campaigns in the media and social networks to encourage denunciation through the portal: I join; (d) Protocol for the comprehensive care of victims of the crime of trafficking in persons; (e) Operations to verify working conditions and rescue abused minors. Gabinete Específico Has its legal basis in Governmental Agreements 264-2012 and 259-2013, and de la Mujer (GEM) aims to coordinate, articulate and promote inter-institutional actions for the Specific Office for implementation of public policies, plans, programs and projects focused on the Women in English integral development of Guatemalan women. The GEM elaborates and implements the strategy to be developed starting in 2014, whose main objective is to favor women in all stages of their lives through five axes: — Institutionalization of Women’s Rights — The Girl-Adolescent — Addressing Violence Against Women — Economic Empowerment — New Masculinities Courts and The Supreme Court of Justice began the process of creating specialized bodies for Tribunals for the specific treatment of violence against women, Criminal Courts of First Instance Femicide and and Sentencing Courts for Crimes of Femicide and other Forms of Violence and Human Trafficking Trafficking in Persons, the Chamber of the Court of Appeals for Sexual Violence, Crimes Exploitation and Trafficking in Persons in 2012, the Mobile Peace Court and the Duty Court of First Instance for Crimes of Femicide and other forms of Violence against Women and Sexual Violence were created. Ley Alba Keneth Created with the aim of designing an operational coordination system that allows y Coordinadora for an immediate and adequate response to the abductions and disappearances Nacional del of children and adolescents, ensuring their prompt location and protection. The Sistema de Alerta law regulates the functioning of the Alba-Keneth Alert System for the immediate Alba Keneth location and protection of abducted or missing children. The Alba-Keneth Alert System is the set of coordinated and articulated actions among public institutions, which allow speeding up and achieving the location and safeguarding of the child or adolescent who has been abducted or is missing and the recovery and safeguarding of the child or adolescent. All public institutions have the obligation to immediately and urgently carry out the actions required of them within the framework of this Law. The National Coordinator of the ALBA-KENETH Alert System is hereby created, with the purpose of coordinating, promoting and executing all actions aimed at the search, location and immediate protection of the child or adolescent who has been abducted or is missing. World Bank GBV Country Profile: GUATEMALA Page 14 Juzgados de The creation of these jurisdictional bodies proposes a new justice system, which Primera Instancia contemplates attending to the special needs that the survivor of violence requires, Penal y Tribunales as well as avoiding re-victimization. Located in: Guatemala, Quetzaltenango, de Sentencia de Chiquimula, Alta Verapaz, Huehuetenango, Escuintla, and Izabal. Additionally, the Delitos de Femicidio departments of Huehuetenango, Quetzaltenango, Alta Verapaz and Izabal own an y otras formas de interpreter according to the languages of each region. Violencia contra la These bodies are composed of trained and sensitized Judges, Judges and judicial Mujer and administrative auxiliary personnel, which ensures the population an accessible specialized justice, which recognizes the particularities of cases of violence against women, promoting and respecting women’s human rights. The Courts and Tribunals for Crimes of Femicide and other forms of violence against women have an Integral Attention System composed of psychologists and social workers, and have a child care service, while the mothers are carrying out the procedures within the specialized jurisdictional bodies. The Commission on The Commission on Femicide was formally established on 8 March 2006. It Femicide is made up of delegates from the legislative, executive and judicial branches and representatives of human rights and security institutions and the Public Prosecutor’s Office. Its coordination was delegated to the Presidential Secretariat for Women (SEPREM). Its main objective is to promote appropriate action to ensure that the State of Guatemala has a strategy and proposals for action that will enable it to tackle femicide in a comprehensive and coordinated manner through the three branches of government and with the participation of civil society. Victims’ Assistance In order to improve the services provided to crime victims, the Public Prosecutor’s Coordinating Office established the Victims’ Assistance Coordinating Department in late Department 2006. After analysing the assistance provided by the different units of the Public Prosecutor’s Office, where victims seek help, the Department drew up a draft policy on victims’ assistance, which was approved by the Attorney General of the Republic in March 2007. The Public Prosecutor’s Office fulfilled its commitment to design internal victims’ assistance policies to ensure comprehensive, swift, effective and humane response to the injury suffered by victims. The areas of the proposed policy are: (1) drafting of protocols; (2) effective intra- and inter-institutional coordination; (3) strengthening of the victims’ assistance Offices (OAV); and (4) strengthening of referral networks. National The National Coordinator for the Prevention of Domestic Violence and Violence Coordinator for against Women (CONAPREVI, Agreement 831-2000), is an institutional mechanism the Prevention of for coordination and advisory and promotion of public policies for the prevention, Domestic Violence punishment and eradication of domestic violence and violence against women. and Violence It is integrated by the public and private sectors. Among its functions, it advises, against Women informs and trains public officials, a process that is carried out in coordination with the institutions that are part of it. It is also responsible for monitoring the Comprehensive Support Centers for Women Survivors of Violence -CAIMUS- providing support and advice to the organizations that manage them. World Bank GBV Country Profile: GUATEMALA Page 15 Presidential The Presidential Secretariat for Women (SEPREM), through the Program for the Secretariat for Prevention and Eradication of Domestic Violence (PROPEVI), implements projects Women and actions for the prevention, care and referral of cases of Domestic Violence (VIF), with the following units: Social, Legal, Psychological, Pedagogical and the help line 1515 (24 hours). Ombudsman for Specific instance for the prevention, defense and eradication of all forms of violence Indigenous Women and discrimination against indigenous women. It carries out community work and training for indigenous women leaders; meetings with communicators on the approach to violence against women (VAW); and handles and refers cases of violence against women. Agencies of the The Public Prosecutor’s Office adopted measures for the creation of Women’s Women’s Prosecutor’s Prosecutor’s Offices and Specialized Prosecutor’s Offices against Trafficking in Office and Specialized Persons, as well as referral offices and victim assistance offices. Prosecutor’s Office against Trafficking in Persons Public Criminal The Public Criminal Defence Institute, in accordance with article 19, paragraph 3 of Defence Institute the Act against Femicide, established a national office to coordinate legal aid for women who have been the victims of any form of violence and for affected family members. The office has specialized lawyers to provide legal assistance, as well as psychologists and social workers to provide further assistance. Vice-Ministry of The Vice Ministry of Prevention provides technical support to the country’s political, Violence and Crime technical and tactical operational authorities in the implementation and monitoring Prevention of the Policy’s actions in order to meet the main objective: To lay the foundations for a culture of prevention of violence and crime through conviction, aimed at the participation of the population in the framework of citizen security and peaceful coexistence, which has an impact on the objective reduction of violence and crime, as well as on people’s fear of becoming victims of violence. World Bank GBV Country Profile: GUATEMALA Page 16 APPENDIX 2 – UN WOMEN: MEASURES AGAINST VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN (GUATEMALA)38 https://evaw-global-database.unwomen.org/en/countries/americas/guatemala 38 UN Women Global Database on Violence against Women. (n.d.). Guatemala. https://evaw-global-database.unwomen.org/en/countries/americas/guatemala World Bank GBV Country Profile: GUATEMALA Page 17 GLOSSARY Gender Roles that are determined socially, behaviours, activities, and attributes that a society considers appropriate for men and women. These roles are contextual and influenced by a society’s culture and traditions, as well as by prevailing religious beliefs. Gender-Based Any act of violence that results in, or the nature of which causes, physical, sexual, or Violence (GBV) psychological harm or suffering to someone because of his or her sex. This including threats through similar acts, coercion, or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether in public or private life (UN, 1993). Sex Refers to the biological and physiological characteristics which differentiate men and women. Sexual Exploitation Any real or attempted abuse of a position of vulnerability, power differential, or relationship of confidence for a sexual purpose, including, but not limited to, taking financial, social, or political advantage of another through sexual means. Sexual Abuse Real or threatened physical intrusion of a sexual nature, whether it be by force or under unequal or coercive conditions. Sexual Harassment Unwelcomed sexual advances, demand for sexual favors, or any other verbal or physical behavior of a sexual nature. In the workplace, submission to these advances or behaviors may made either implicitly or explicitly a condition of continued employment, promotion, or other decisions affecting a person’s employment. World Bank GBV Country Profile: GUATEMALA Page 18 REFERENCES — #NadaJustifica violence against women, Guatemala presents Campaign for the Prevention of Violence against women. (2020). 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