Report No. 24620-SU Sudan Stabilization and Reconstruction Country Economic Memorandum (In Two Volumes) Volume 11: Statistical Appendices June 30, 2003 Government of Sudan Poverty Reduction and Economic Management 2 Africa Region Document of the World Bank APPENDIX 1. DEMOGRAPHY AND HEALTH Table A1.1: Summary of population data ....................................................1 Table A1.2: Demographic characteristics by regions ....................................................:.1 Table A1.3: Population distribution in southern Sudan ....................................................2 Table AA.4: Infant and child mortality ....................................................3 Table A1.5: Drinking water sources in northern Sudan ....................................................4 Table A1.6: Drinking water sources in southern Sudan ....................................................4 Table A1.7: Excreta disposal in northem Sudan ....................................................5 Table A1.8: Excreta disposal in southern Sudan ....................................................5 Table A1.9: Live births that weighed below 2500 grams, northem Sudan ......................................6 Table Al.I0: Live births weighed below 2500 grams, southern Sudan ..........................................6 Table Al .11: Birth attendants for women giving birth in the last year in northern Sudan ..............7 Table Al1.12: Birth attendants for women giving birth in the last year in southem Sudan ..............8 Table Al.13: Vaccinations of children age 12-23 months in northem Sudan .................................9 Table Al.14: Vaccinations of children age 12-23 months in southern Sudan ............................... 11 Table Al .15: Medical and health care establishments in northern Sudan ..................................... 12 Table Al.16: Medical & health staff by professional grouping in northern Sudan ....................... 12 Table Al .17: Women aged 15-49 who have knowledge of IRV/AIDS transmission, northern Sudan .................................................................... 13 Table Al .18: Women aged 15-49 who have knowledge of IV/AIDS transmission, southem Sudan .................................................................... 14 Table Al.19: Summary indicators of child health and welfare in northern Sudan ........................ 14 APPENDIX 2. EDUCATION Table A2. 1: Gross and net enrollment ratios in basic education .................................................... 16 Table A2.2: Gross primary school enrollment by states ................................................................ 17 Table A2.3: Children entering first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5, northern Sudan ..................................................................... 18 Table A2.4: Children entering first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5, southem Sudan .................................................................... 18 Table A2.5: Percent of population above 15 years that is literate ................................................. 19 Table A2.6: Condition of schools in southern Sudan .................................................................... 19 Table A2.7: Enrollment and gender gap, southern Sudan ............................................................. 20 Table A2.8: Students enrolled in government universities according to intemational classification for education .................................................................... 20 Table A2.9: Students enrolled in government universities ............................................................ 21 Table A2. 10: Students enrolled in private universities .................................................................. 22 Table A2.11: Primary school teachers fulfilling national standard requirements .......................... 23 Table A2.12: Total enrollment, number of teachers and pupil-teacher ratios in primary education .......................................................................................................................................... 24 Table A2.13: Teaching staff of government universities by sex, according to international classification for education (ISCED) for the academic years 1990/1991-2000/20001 ..... 24 Table A2.14: Teaching staff of government universities by academic qualification & sex, (2000/2001) .................................................................... 25 Table A2.15: Repetition rate in primary education .................................................................... 27 Table A2.16: Measures of internal efficiency- . .................................................................... 29 Table A2.17: Graduates from govemment and private universities and colleges ......................... 29 Table A2.18: Distribution of students admitted to govermnent universities, according to international classification for education (ISCED) for 2000/2001 ................................... 30 Table A2.19: Distribution of students admitted to private universities & colleges according to international classification for education (ISCED) for 2000/2001 ................................... 30 APPENDIX 3. NATIONAL ACCOUNTS Table A3.1: Gross Domestic Product by sector at current prices .................................................. 32 Table A3.2: Gross Domestic Product by sector at 1981/82 constant prices (million Sudanese Dinar) ................................................................... 34 Table A3.3: Gross Domestic Product by sector at 1981/82 constant prices (annual changes in percent) ................................................................... 35 Table A3.4: Gross Domestic Product by sector at 1981/82 constant prices (percent share of GDP at factor costs) ............................................................. 36 TableA3.5: Gross National Product by expenditures at current prices (million Sudanese Dinar). 37 Table A3.6: Gross National Product by expenditures at current prices (percent of GDP at market prices) ................................................................... 38 Table A3.7: GDP deflators by sector ................................................................... 39 Table A3.8: Investment at current and constant prices .................................................................. 40 Table A3.9: Fixed capital formation by economic activities (million Sudanese Dinar) ................ 40 Table A3.10: Fixed capital formation by economic activities (percentage share of gross fixed capital formation) ................................................................... 41 Table A3.1 1: Fixed capital formation by type of capital goods at current prices (million Sudanese Dinar) ............................................................. 41 Table A3.12: Fixed capital formation by type of capital goods at current prices (percentage share of total fixed capital formation) ................................................................... 42 Table A3.13: Incremental fixed capital/output ratio ................................................................... 42 APPENDIX 4. BALANCE OF PAYMENTS-AND TRADE Table A4.1: Balance of Payments ................................................................... 45 Table A4.2: Merchandise exports by volume ................................................................... 46 Table A4.3: Merchandise exports by value (million Sudanese Dinar) .......................................... 46 Table A4.4: Merchandise exports by value (percent of total) ........................................................ 47 Table A4.5: Merchandise imports by value (million Sudanese Dinar) .......................................... 48 Table A4.6: Merchandize imports by volume ................................................................... 49 Table A4.7: Net and gross terms of trade ................................................................... 50 Table A4.8: Destination of exports ................................................................... 50 Table A4.9: Source of imports ................................................................... 51 Table A4.10: External reserves ............................................... 52 APPENDIX 5. DEBT Table A5.1: External debt ............................................... 55 Table A5.2: Long term debt, disbursements and un-disbursed debt .............................................. 57 Table A5.3: External public debt service payments by creditor ............................................... 59 Table A5.4: Average terms of new commitments on debt ............................................... 60 Table A5.5: Net flows and transfers on debt and debt service ............................................... 61 Table A5.6: Foreign currency obligations as of December 31, 2001 ............................................ 63 Table A5.7: Debt obligations falling due between 2001 and 2005 ............................................... 63 Table A5.8: Obligations to IMF ............................................... 63 APPENDIX 6. GOVERNMENT FINANCE Table A6. 1: Federal government budget ................................................ 65 Table A6.2: Federal government revenue ................................................ 67 Table A6.3: Federal revenue decomposed ................................................ 69 Table A6.4: Actual performance of states' expenditure and revenue ............................................ 71 Table A6.5: Major fiscal components as a ratio of GDP ................................................,,,.75 Table A6.6: Growth of non-oil revenue in real terms ...................................................,,,,,,.. 75 Table A6.7: Economic classification of federal expenditure . 76 Table A6.8: Economic classification of state expenditures . 77 Table A6.9: Economic classification of consolidated federal and state recurrent and development expenditures . 77 Table A6.10: The Poverty Reduction Program . 79 Table A6.1 1: Growth of various sources of Zakat . 81 APPENDIX 7. MONETARY Table A7.1: Monetary survey . 83 Table A7.2: Financial position of the Bank of Sudan . 84 Table A7.3: Financial position of commercial banks . 86 Table A7.4: Commercial banks' lending by economic sector . 87 Table A7.5: Exchange rate movements, 1968-2001 . 87 Table A7.6: Credit to non-governmental sector by mode of financing . 88 APPENDIX 8. AGRICULTURE Table A8.1: Area cultivated for major crops (in thousand hectare) . 90 Table A8.2: Production of major crops (in thousand tons) . 90 Table A8.3: Yield of major crops . 91 Table A8.4: Livestock statistics . 91 Table A8.5: Production of livestock products . 92 Table A8.6: Comparison of potential, research, and farmer yields for major crops in the Gezira Irrigation Scheme (1999/2000) . 92 Table A8.7: Area, production and yield of crops under irrigation (area in '000 ha, production in thousand tons and yield in ton/ha) . 93 Table A8.8: Agricultural GDP in 1981/82 constant prices . 94 Table A8.9: Domestic and export prices of gum Arabic ...................................... 94 APPENDIX 9. INDUSTRY Table A9. 1: Industrial production : 96 Table A9.2: Average capacity utilization in the industrial sector .97 Table A9.3: Value added in selected industries at constant prices .97 Table A9.4: Consumption of petroleum products ..........................................................,.,.,.98 Table A9.5: Exports and imports, petroleum and oil .98 Table A9.6: Summary table from the Sudanese National Electricity Corporation .99 Table A9.7: Tariffs for electricity consumers .99 APPENDIX 10. PRICES Table A10.1: Consumer price index 1970-2001 ......................... ............................... 101 Table A10.2: Monthly consumer price index ........................................................ 102 Table A 10.3: Wholesale price indices of selected commodities .................................................. 103 Table Al10.4: Consumer prices of selected commodities in Khartoum state in 2001 .................. 104 APPENDIX 1. DEMOGRAPHY AND HEALTH Table A1.1: Summary of population data (2001) Sudan Total population (000) 31913 Annual growth rate (%) 1998-2003 2.63 Urban population (% of total) 2001 34.5 Population under 5 (% of total) 16 Population of age 6-24 (% of total) 45.11 Women of age 15-49 (000) 4812 Population under 15 (% of total) 42.91 Population 60 & over (% of total) 3.74 Sex ratio (Males per 100 females) 101.44 Literacy rate (%) 53.4 Literacy rate- Male (%) 66 Literacy rate : Female (%) 40.8 Crude birth rate (1998-2003) 37.8 Crude death rate (1998-2003) 11.5 Infant mortality rate: male (1993) 134 Infant mortality rate: female (1993) 115 Life expectancy at birth: male (1993) 52.5 Life expectancy at birth: female (1993) 55.5 Total fertility rate (1998-2003) 5.7 Source: United Nations Population Fund and Central Bureau of Statistics- Sudan Table A1.2: Demographic characteristics by regions Population Growth rate Urban Population < 15 Population >60 Sex ratio, 2001 Literacy, 1993 Literacy, 1993 Literacy, 1993 (000) 1998-03 (%/.) 2001 (%) 2001 (%/o) 2001 (%) males/100 females Average (%/.) Male (%) Female (%) Northern states 26797 2.8 37 3 42.8 4.1 100 4 54 5 66 6 42 4 Northem 593 17 15.2 39.7 5 9 94 7 65.2 75 0 56 6 Nile 918 1.9 33 7 41 0 5.3 97 6 64.5 73.6 56.5 RedSea 724 052 60.5 38 5 4.3 116 1 47 9 54 5 40 1 Kassala 1507 2.5 34.6 418 42 98.2 447 529 358 Algedarif 1515 3.4 28 9 43.1 3.7 105.3 55.6 72.9 38 4 Khartoum 4936 4.0 86.7 365 3.8 1113 736 81.1 650 Algezira 3477 3.0 22.4 42 5 4.4 96 8 65 2 75 5 55 8 Sinnar 1204 2 6 28 3 44.5 4 0 98.8 52 0 64 5 40 0 W. Nile 1515 2.6 39.0 45.5 3.9 95 7 54.4 64.5 44.3 B Nile 655 30 252 427 3.7 1083 313 41.8 204 N Kordofan 1506 16 31.1 474 43 91.8 39.1 520 294 W.Kordofan 1144 17 209 47.1 39 952 33.2 474 227 S Kordofan 1127 1.4 23.2 47 6 34 94 3 44.4 56.2 34 4 N Darfur 1503 32 19.4 460 4.7 952 49.8 698 299 W. Darfur 1614 2.4 12.6 45 8 3 5 99 3 48 1 68.4 20 2 S Darfur 2859 3.5 20.2 45 2 3 6 98.8 39.4 56 8 23 0 Southern Region 5116 1.6 19.6 435 2.9 1044 52.6 65.4 393 Upper Nile 1466 0 9 21.6 45 9 3.3 101 7 62.4 75 8 50.3 Bahr El-Ghazal 2377 2.4 14.9 41 8 3 3 104 2 46 6 59 8 33 9 Equatoria 1273 1 0 26 2 43 8 2.6 109 0 47.4 60.6 34.3 Sudan 31913 2 6 34 5 42.9 3.7 101.4 53 4 66 0 40 8 Source Umited Nations Population Fund, Sudan Table A1.2 cont'd. Crude Birth rate Crude Death rate Infant Mortality rate, 1993 Life expectancy at birth, 1993 Total fertility rate 1998-2003 1998-2003 Males Females Male Females Northern states 37.8 11.0 116 98 53.6 56 7 5 8 Northem 34.0 10.8 108 90 45.7 58.7 4.8 Nile 34.7 9 7 95 88 57.0 58.8 5.0 Red Sea 30.0 12.1 126 112 50.1 52.2 5.2 Kassala 37.8 10.5 107 96 53.5 55.4 5.6 Al-Gadarif 40.3 11.7 135 122 50.5 52.6 6.3 Khartoum 33.7 8.8 98 85 56.1 59.8 4.5 Al-Gezira 38.5 9.5 101 76 55.6 61.3 5.5 Sinnar 39.9 10.9 121 109 53.1 55.5 6.2 W. Nile 40.4 10.0 109 100 55.1 57.1 6 7 B. Nile 38.5 12.3 137 122 49.0 51 2 6 5 N Kordofan 40.1 12.2 125 106 52.4 564 6.3 W. Kordofan 39 6 11.0 119 96 52.8 57.5 6.4 S. Kordofan 39.3 12 4 136 119 50.5 53 3 6.5 N. Darfur 41 0 11.4 116 96 53.7 57.9 6.5 W. Darfur 39.0 11 4 124 108 52.8 56.0 6.5 S.Darfur 41.0 11.0 120 103 53.1 56.7 65 Southern region 38.0 13.9 152 130 45.9 48.7 5 6 Upper Nile 38.5 16.2 100 92 52.7 53.7 5 8 Bahr El-Ghazal 38.9 15.0 161 132 44.5 48.3 5 6 Equatoria 33.8 11.6 177 156 43.1 45.6 5.5 Sudan 37.8 11.5 134 115 52.5 55.5 5.7 Source: United Nations Population Fund, Sudan Table A1.3: Population distribution in southern Sudan (2000) Under 5 Between 5 and 17 Adult All age groups Region Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Bahr el Ghazal 294770 233386 528156 328945 284634 613579 186256 549836 736092 809971 1067856 1877827 Lakes 129735 111416 241151 154511 131817 286328 166223 279849 446072 450469 523082 973551 UpperNile 51951 42905 94856 60441 53630 114071 31372 82234 113606 143764 178769 322533 Jonglei 37004 30943 67947 51043 47987 99030 43302 86706 130008 131349 165636 296985 Western Equatoria 67529 66032 133561 125410 108539 233949 178097 237713 415810 371036 412284 783320 Eastern Equatoria 100442 85597 186039 166921 174742 341663 93938 183169 277107 361301 443508 804809 Total 681431 570279 1251710 887271 801349 1688620 699188 1419507 2118695 2267890 2791135 5059025 UNICEF, Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, 2000 2 Table A1.4: Infant and child mortality (per 1,000 live births) State Neonatal Post-neonatal Infant Child Under five Mortality Mortality Mortality Mortality Mortality rate rate rate (1-4 years) rate Northern 26 30 56 23 78 Nile 29 28 57 26 81 Red Sea 50 66 116 56 165 Kassala 38 63 101 51 148 Al-Gadarif 31 36 67 54 117 Al-Gezira 21 22 43 17 59 Sinnar 24 26 51 50 98 White Nile 33 37 70 44 111 BlueNile 46 55 101 80 172 Khartoum 27 42 69 38 103 North Kordufan 28 32 60 37 94 South Kordufan 38 57 95 57 147 West Kordufan 34 38 72 25 95 North Darfur 27 34 61 42 101 South Darfur 33 32 64 34 96 West Darfur 42 30 71 35 104 Northern Sudan 31 37 68 38 104 Urban 27 40 67 37 101 Rural 33 35 68 39 105 Male 37 36 73 37 108 Female 25 37 62 40 99 Indirect Method Southern Sudan - -- 82 54 132 Male -- 85 57 138 Female -- -- 79 51 126 Source: UNICEF, Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey, 2000, and Safe Motherhood Survey, 1999. Table A1.5: Drinking water sources in northern Sudan (percent of popul tion) Main source of water State Piped into Deep Dug Well/ dwelling Public tap Well/pump bucket River/canal Rainwater Others Missing Northern 50.8 4.3 15.8 9 8 12.8 . 6.4 0.1 Nile 42 3 3.7 12.2 13.5 24.7 3.4 0 2 Red Sea 25 6 18 3 28.3 25 8 1.5 0.5 Kassala 22 6 16.0 21 0 6.4 23.1 1.5 8.7 0.8 Al-Gadanf 12.6 18.8 27.7 13.9 13.8 9.4 3.6 0.2 Al-Gezira 47.2 14 1 16.6 6.6 12.0 0.2 3 3 Sinnar 30 2 11.3 32 4 0.6 8.1 9.3 7.6 0.4 White Nile 23.1 5.5 10.3 12.4 28 5 7.7 11.8 0.8 Blue Nile 12 3 2.1 9.3 2.1 33.2 27.9 13 0 0.0 Khartoum 59.8 3.5 29.5 2.4 0.2 1.6 2.9 North Kordufan 16.3 5.3 20.5 25.4 2.2 13.2 17.1 South Kordufan 0.9 1.7 76.6 . 7.1 0.1 4.9 8.6 West Kordufan 2.2 2.1 62.8 6.9 2.1 19.7 4.1 0.1 NorthDarfur 10.7 3 1 42.1- 40.7 0.4 1.9 1 2 South Darfur 9 8 6.9 32.9 26.8 8.7 13.4 1.5 West Darfur 9.7 3.4 16.1 50.6 1.1 18.5 0.7 0.0 Urban 44.3 10.5 24.6 8.3 3.8 0.5 7.7 0.3 Rural 10.7 5.4 30.9 18.9 16.0 13.0 5.0 0.1 rotal 24.0 7.4 28.4 14.7 11.2 8.1 6 0 0.2 Source: UNICEF, Multiple Indicators Cluster survey, 2000, and Safe Motherhood Survey, 1999 Table A1.6: Drinking water sources in southern Sudan (percent of population) Main source of water Piped into Deep Dug Well/ dwelling Public tap Well/pump bucket River/canal Rainwater Others Total Town Juba 13.0 33.6 44.8 6.3 0.3 2.1 100.0 Wau 1.0 67.0 30.3 0.2 1.5 100.0 Malakal 3.6 1.8 0.2 94.1 0.3 100.0 Urban/Rural Urban 6.8 15.8 38.2 8.3 29.5 0.1 1.4 100.0 Total 6.8 15.8 38.2 8.3 29.5 0.1 1.4 100.0 Source- UNICEF, Multiple Indicators Cluster survey, 2000, and Safe Motherhood Survey, 1999 4 Table A1.7: Exereta disposal in northern Sudan (percent of population) Type of toilet facility State Flush to Sewage Flush to Traditional Soak away System septic tank pit latrine pit Others Missing No facilities Total Northern -- 7.7 69.2 1.6 1.6 -- 19 9 100 0 Nile -- 12.3 72 6 0.7 0 7 0 1 13.5 100.0 Red Sea -- 20 9 26 1 4.2 0.7 0 2 47 9 100 0 Kassala -- 11.6 34 3 1.2 0 3 0 5 52 0 100 0 Al-Gadarif -- 5.0 31.7 3.1 0.0 0.0 60 1 100.0 Al-Gezira -- 4.2 51.7 2.1 1.7 02 400 100.0 Sinnar -- 2.7 46.6 5.3 2.1 0.7 42.7 100 0 White Nile -- 4.8 45.7 3.7 2.2 0.5 43.2 100.0 Blue Nile -- 3.5 56.0 3.2 0.4 0.8 36 0 100 0 Khartoom 1.1 11.2 73 8 0.9 3.1 0.4 9.5 100.0 North Kordufan -- 2.9 31.4 1.9 1.0 0.1 626 100.0 South Kordufan -- 2.4 48.7 0.3 1.4 0.9 46.4 100.0 West Kordufan -- 1.6 70.6 0.9 0.1 0.8 259 100.0 North Darfur -- 8 0 47.7 1 7 8.2 0 2 34.2 100.0 South Darfur -- 5.6 56.3 1.3 0 3 1.6 35.0 100.0 WestDarfur - 55 41.8 0.9 0.1 0.1 51.6 1000 Urban 0.1 15.0 61.6 3 8 2.3 0.4 16.7 100.0 Rural 0.0 1.3 44 0 1.0 0.9 0.5 52.3 100.0 Total 0.1 6.7 50 9 2.1 1.5 0.5 38.3 100.0 Source: UNICEF, Multiple Indicators Cluster survey, 2000, and Safe Motherhood Survey, 1999 Table A1.8: Excreta disposal in southern Sudan (,percentage of population) Type of toilet facility State Flush to Sewage Flush to Traditional Septic System septic tank pit latrine Tank Others Missing No facilities Total Town Juba 0.1 6.5 38.6 11.0 0.6 1.5 41.8 100.0 Wau 0.9 16.7 36.1 0.4 2 1 43.8 100.0 Malakal 2.1 22.4 4.5 0.6 0.3 70.1 100.0 Urban/Rural Urban 0.3 8.0 33.4 6.3 0.4 1.3 50.3 100.0 Total 0.3 8.0 33.4 6.3 0.4 1.3 50.3 100.0 Source UNICEF, Multiple Indicators Cluster survey, 2000, and Safe Motherhood Survey, 1999 5 Table A1.9: Live births that weighed below 2500 grams, northern Sudan (1999) State Percent Northem 28.7 Nile 31.1 Red Sea 32.2 Kassala 25.4 Al-Gadarif 32.9 Al-Gezira 18.7 Sinnar 36.5 White Nile 38.2 Blue Nile 32.4 Khartoum 18.2 Northem Kordufan 39.0 Southern Kordufan 38.9 Western Kordufan 31.8 Northem Darfur 34.6 Southem Darfur 23.9 Western Darfur 27.7 Urban 24.4 Rural 33.5 Mother's education: No schooling 32.5 Primary 30.8 Secondary 24.1 Total 30.7 Source: UNICEF, Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey, 2000, and Safe Motherhood Survey, 1999 Table A1.10: Live births weighed below 2500 grams, southern Sudan (1999) Town Percent Juba town 15.3 Wau town 16.4 Malakal 21.5 Urban 17.1 Rural Mother's education No schooling 17.3 Primary 15.0 Secondary 18.0 Total 17.1 Source UNICEF, Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey, 2000, and Safe Motherhood Survey, 1999 6 Table A1.11: Birth attendants for women giving birth in the last year in northern Sudan Untrained Doctor Health visitor Village midwife Trained TBA TBA Other Unattended Northern 68.4 9.0 5.7 2.7 -- 0.6 13.6 Nile 38.2 27.1 11 7 7.3 -- -- 15.7 Red Sea 41 4 25.1 13.8 4.2 -- 0.7 14.8 Kassala 25.2 27.9 15.0 13.7 0 8 -- 17.5 Al-Gadarif 25.7 23.5 7.9 15.4 0.3 2.1 25 0 Al-Gezira 38 9 16.3 25.6 5.6 0.1 - 13.5 Sinnar 29 5 26.2 16.7 5.1 0.2 0.2 22.2 WhiteNile 33.2 21.7 14.1 11.9 0.5 0.9 17.7 Blue Nile 7.9 20.7 14.1 4.6 0.2 2.2 50.3 Khartoum 42.9 22.3 10.8 16.8 0.3 0.1 6.8 Northern Kordufan 15.9 13.3 21.4 24.7 1.6 1.5 21.7 Southem Kordufan 5.4 23.7 13.8 26.1 1.3 3.4 26.2 WesternKordufan 13.6 13.9 25.4 11.1 1.1 1.0 33.9 Northern Darfur 10.6 14.9 4.4 12.3 0.5 1.1 56.2 Southern Darfur 10.3 9.9 23.4 5.3 1.2 1.1 48.7 Westemn Darfur 5.5 7.0 14.2 2.5 0.6 0.7 69.6 Urban 34.4 35.2 10.2 8.8 0.2 0.5 10.7 Rural 22.0 11.8 16.9 11.4 0.7 1.2 36.1 Mothers education No schooling 16.4 15.3 15.9 11.2 0.6 1.0 39.5 Primary 32.2 24.6 15.6 11.7 0.4 1.1 14.4 Secondary 50.6 24.3 9.8 6.8 0.4 0.6 7.5 Total 25.7 18.9 14.9 10.6 0.5 1.0 28.4 Source: UNICEF, Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey, 2000, and Safe Motherhood Survey, 1999 Table A1.12: Birth attendants for women giving birth in the last year in southern Sudan Untrained Doctor Health visitor Village midwife Trained TBA TBA Other Unattended Juba town 5.4 88.5 1.6 1 8 -- -- 2.7 Wau town 4.0 63.2 11.5 10 8 0.3 3.7 6.5 Malakal town 0.9 26.6 21.9 29.2 6 9 -- 6.5 Urban 39 659 95 111 1 7 12 67 Rural -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Education 4.0 60. 10.9 11 4 2.7 1 5 8.8 No schooling 3 4 69 6 8.2 13 0.5 1.0 4.3 Primary 4.1 73.7 7.9 8.3 0.8 0.8 4.5 Secondary -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Total 3.9 Source. UNICEF, Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey, 2000, and Safe Motherhood Survey, 1999 Table Al.13: Vaccinations of children age 12-23 months in northern Sudan (2000) BCG DPTI DPT2 DPT3 Polio 0 Polio I Polio 2 Polio 3 Sex Male 65.2 66 6 56.9 42.6 21.8 74.9 65 4 45.3 Female 63.9 65 2 54.8 41.4 23 5 73 1 63.6 43 0 States Northem 69.5 72 9 63.6 51.7 38.1 73.7 65.3 39.8 Nile 70.6 71 1 64.4 42.8 30.9 78.9 71.1 43.3 Red Sea 54.5 52.9 47 1 41 3 36.4 603 55.4 33 9 Kassala 70.8 70.0 64.4 47.4 38 3 71.1 66 8 27.7 Al-Gadarif 66.2 66.7 57.5 42.0 34 2 75 8 65 3 39.3 Al-Gezira 72.4 74 3 62.4 52.9 21.4 75 2 714 51.4 Sinnar 58 7 63.5 49.5 26.9 7 7 68 8 60 6 41.8 White Nile 70.6 74.9 62.4 44.1 163 826 760 54.8 Blue Nile 79.4 77 7 71.3 60.0 20.8 81.4 75.2 64.2 Khartoum 88.9 85.7 81.0 76.2 33.3 88.9 83.3 70.6 North Kordufan 50.3 52.8 36.7 21 6 21.1 74.9 59 8 33.2 South Kordufan 73.8 78.5 72 3 51.5 20.8 81.9 73.5 57 7 WestKordufan 39.6 406 25.1 15.5 8.0 57.2 39.6 22.5 North Darfur 68.8 70.9 61.2 44.7 12 2 78.5 65 4 52.7 South Darfur 40 7 41.9 27.2 19 9 20 3 70.7 48.8 24.0 West Darfur 29.8 32.5 18 8 9.4 14 7 38.2 26.2 13.6 Urban/Rural Urban 75.5 74.9 67.1 53.7 32.4 79.4 72.8 52.7 Rural 58.0 60.5 49.2 35.0 16.8 70 8 59.6 39.1 Mother's None 54.3 56.5 45.6 32 2 17.6 67.3 56.2 36.1 education Primary 77.4 78.2 68.6 53.0 26 6 82.6 75 4 55.2 level Secondary 85.0 84 1 76 9 63 9 38.3 87.7 80.2 58.1 Non-standard curnculum 55.4 55.4 49.2 36.9 13.8 67.7 58.5 36.9 Missing 50.0 37.5 37.5 37.5 25.0 50 0 50.0 50.0 Total 64.5 65.9 55.9 42.0 22 6 74.0 64.6 44.2 Source UNICEF, Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey, 2000, and Safe Motherhood Survey, 1999 Table A1.13 cont'd. % with Number of Measles All None health card Children Sex Male 52.6 26.1 21.5 26.7 1860 Female 50.4 26.6 23.1 25.1 1757 States Northern 61.9 21.2 22 23.7 118 Nile 62.9 21.6 16.5 26.8 194 Red Sea 44.6 20 7 36.4 14.0 121 Kassala 60.5 17.4 25 3 8.3 253 Al-Gadarif 50.7 21.0 19.2 16.0 219 Al-Gezira 60 5 35.7 21.9 20.5 210 Sinnar 45.7 18.3 25.5 21.2 208 WhiteNile 63.5 31.1 13.6 30.0 367 Blue Nile 60.6 43.1 17.2 50.4 355 Khartoum 71.4 57.1 8.3 51.6 252 North Kordufan 37.2 12.6 20.1 19.6 199 South Kordufan 57.7 34.2 14 6 34.2 260 West Kordufan 28.9 10.2 36.9 12.3 187 NorthDarfur 468 31.2 18.6 32.1 237 South Darfur 28.5 12.6 26 8 12.2 246 WestDarfur 21 5 52 57.1 11.0 191 Urban/Rural Urban 62.5 34.9 16.8 34 0 1351 Rural 45.0 21.3 25.5 21.1 2266 Mother's None 40.8 20.0 28.8 20.5 2090 education Primary 62.8 33.3 14.0 33.1 1000 level Secondary 77.3 41.0 9.0 35.7 454 Non-standard curriculum 43.1 21.5 29.2 23.1 65 Missing 50.0 37.5 50 0 0 0 8 Total 51.5 26 4 22.3 25.9 3617 Source. UNICEF, Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey, 2000, and Safe Motherhood Survey, 1999 10 Table A1.14: Vaccinations of children age 12-23 months in southern Sudan BCG DPTI DPT2 DPT3 Polio 0 Polio I Polio 2 Polio 3 Sex Male 72 0 66.7 59.8 47 0 53.0 75.0 68.9 53.8 Female 71 4 66 4 52 9 39 3 52 1 707 64.3 39 3 Town Juba 87 4 916 86.6 714 58 0 91.6 87.4 68 9 Wau 60.9 47 8 31.9 20.3 47 8 63 8 49 3 26.1 Malakal 58 3 46 4 33 3 21.4 48.8 53.6 51.2 31.0 Urba/Rural Urban 72.3 68.0 58 6 45.3 52.0 73.8 68 0 48.0 Rural 62.5 43.8 18 8 6 3 62 5 563 43.8 18.8 Mother's Education level None 64 9 57 0 43 0 32.5 49.0 67 5 57 6 38 4 Primary 77.0 74.3 67.6 52 7 55 4 77 0 74.3 58.1 Secondary 82.9 82.9 78 0 61.0 56 1 805 80 5 56.1 Non-standard 100.0 100.0 100 0 100.0 100 0 1000 100 0 0 0 Missing 100 0 100.0 100.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 100.0 40 0 Total 71.7 66.5 56 3 43.0 52 6 72 8 66.5 46.3 Source UNICEF, Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey, 2000, and Safe Motherhood Survey, 1999 Table A1.14 cont'd. % with Number of Measles All None health card children Sex Male 55 3 28.8 19.7 50.0 132 Female 47.1 24 3 20.7 47 9 140 Town Juba 79 0 46.2 5.0 69 7 119 Wau 31 9 7 2 24.6 44.9 69 Malakal 27 4 14.3 38.1 22 6 84 Urban/Rural Urban 52 0 28.1 20.3 50.4 256 Rural 37.5 0 0 18.8 25 0 16 Mother's None 43 0 17 9 22 5 49.0 151 Education Primary 56.8 35.1 20.3 48 6 74 Level Secondary 65.9 43 9 14.6 48.8 41 Non-standard curriculum 100.0 0 0 0 I Missing 80.0 20 0 0 60.0 5 Total 51.1 26 5 20 2 48.9 272 Source. UNICEF, Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey, 2000, and Safe Motherhood Survey, 1999 11 Table A1.15: Medical and health care establishments in northern Sudan (2000) Type of Institution 1989 1993 1997 2000 Regular Hospital 205 228 274 309 Number of beds 19200 21924 22656 23076 Specialized Hospitals 19 21 31 46 Specialized Health Centers 45 47 57 63 Health Care Centers 399 477 693 915 Health Care Clinics/Units 5694 5747 5639 5269 Blood Banks 31 37 41 55 X-ray Units 55 57 68 83 Source Ministry of Health A Study of the Status of Health Services in Sudan and their Compatibility with the Principles of Primary Health Care, August/September 2001 Table Al.16: Medical & health staff by professional grouping in northern Sudan (2000) Categories of Staff 1989 1993 1997 2000 Specialists 664 599 869 1127 General Practitioners 1368 922 1122 1405 Trainees/Residents 278 391 1227 2238 Dentists 189 185 205 222 Pharmacists 162 186 302 306 Technicians 1640 1629 1961 2433 Medical Assistants 4937 4580 5742 6193 Nurses 16954 16006 16509 17526 Junior Nurses 550 600 731 655 Mid-wives 5308 5881 7506 9290 Senior Health Inspectors 234 251 275 365 Health Inspectors 690 697 938 917 Assistant Health Inspectors 1135 1535 1035 1473 Source Ministry of Health, A Study of the Status of Health Services in Sudan and their Compatibility with the Principles of Primary Health Care, August/September 2001 12 Table A1.17: Women aged 15-49 who have knowledge of HIV/AIDS transmission, northern Sudan (2000) Identify 3 Sample size Know two ways to misconceptions Have sufficient Number of Heard of Aids Prevent HIV about HIV knowledge women (%) transmission (%) transmission (%) (%) States Northern 1199 48.1 15.7 6.8 23 Nile 1172 59 1 14.2 8 2 3 2 Red Sea 1274 32.7 8 9 3 8 1 7 Kassala 1590 28.7 5 9 2.8 0 5 Al-Gadarif 1460 39.0 7 7 6.6 3 2 Al-Gezira 1516 54.6 16.2 13 3 6 8 Sinnar 1440 37.2 8 1 6.5 1.9 White Nile 1623 57.7 14 2 9.6 3.8 Blue Nile 1711 30.5 5.7 3.4 1.7 Khartoum 1480 72.0 12 0 16.4 3 2 North Kordofan 1330 36 5 7.1 1.4 0 4 South Kordofan 1528 35.7 7.2 4.3 1.6 West Kordofan 1514 28.1 5.1 3 6 0 8 North Darfur 1393 32.5 5.7 8 2 3 9 South Darfur 1429 34.8 11.6 1.5 0.6 West Darfur 1288 20.5 6.4 1.2 0.6 Urban/Rural Urban 8421 61 2 15.7 11 4 4.1 Rural 14526 28.3 5.7 3.1 1.2 Age 15-19 1205 27.7 4.6 3 0 0 8 20-24 3229 41 7 9.1 5.1 1 6 25-29 5165 42.7 9.7 6.3 2 1 30-34 3822 43.9 10 9 7 3 3.0 35-39 4802 41.2 10.3 6.7 2.7 40-44 2420 39.8 8.6 7 2 2.7 45-49 2302 33.1 7.9 4.6 1.9 Mother's None 14305 22.1 3.2 1 5 0.5 education Primary 5658 65.5 16 5 9.8 3 9 level Secondary 2471 90.4 29.3 25.0 9 3 Non-standard curriculum 447 30.9 6 9 2.7 0.7 Missing 66 42.4 13 6 1 5 1 5 Total 22947 . 40.4 9.4 6.1 2.3 Source Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey, 2000 13 Table A1.18: Women aged 15-49 who have knowledge of HIV/AIDS transmission, southern Sudan Sample Identify three Size Know two ways misconceptions Have (number of to prevent HIV about HIV Sufficient women) Heard of AIDS Transmission Transmission Knowledge (%/0) (%/0) (%/0) (%) States Equatoria 713 90.6 14.2 3.8 1.0 Bahr-EI-Gazal 439 60.8 20.5 3.9 2.3 Upper Nile 434 32.9 3.0 7.4 2.5 Urban/Rural Urban 1586 66.6 12.9 4.8 1.8 Age 15-19 145 54.5 9.7 1.4 0.7 20-24 278 70.9 14.0 5.4 2.2 25-29 457 58.6 10.5 3.7 1.3 30-34 247 70.0 17.8 4.9 2.4 35-39 280 75.7 12.9 8.6 2.5 40-44 100 80.0 14.0 4.0 1.0 45.49 79 59.5 11.4 2.5 1.3 Mother's None 986 65.1 13.4 2.2 1.6 education Primary 367 65.1 10.1 6.8 0.8 level Secondary 196 73.5 16.3 13.8 4.6 Non-standard curriculum 7 57.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Missing 30 90.0 10.0 6.7 0.0 Total 1586 66.6 12.9 4.8 1.8 Source Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey, 2000 Table A1.19: Summary indicators of child health and welfare in northern Sudan Percent Under 5 mortality rate, per 1000 104 Infant mortality rate, Per 1000 68 Under weight prevalence (%) 11.2 Use of safe drinking water (%) 60 Use of sanitary means of excreta disposal (%) 60 Children reaching grade five (%) 71 Net primary school attendance rate 47 Literacy rate 50.6 Antenatal care 72 Contraceptive prevalence 7 Child birth rate 87 Birth weight below 2.5 Kg 31 Iodized salt consumption 0.6 Children receiving Vitamin A supplementation 44 Mothers receiving Vitamin A supplementation 19 Excluding breast feeding rate 19 Continued breast feeding rate 44 DPT immunization coverage 42 Measles immunization coverage 51.5 Polio immunization coverage 44.2 Tuberculosis immunization coverage 64.5 Children protected against neonatal tetanus 42 ORT use 37 Home management of diarrhea 24 Care seeking for acute respiratory infections 62 Pre-school development 16 Birth registration 59 Source Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey, 2000. 'Proportion of children aged 0-14 years not living with biological parent in households 14 APPENDIX 2. EDUCATION 15 Table A2.1: Gross and net enrollment ratios in basic education (1998/99) Enrollment in official basic education Total enrollment (all ages) school age Official school GER (Gross NER (Net Total Public Private Total Public Private age population enrollment rate) enrollment rate) Sudan Total (MF) 2,976,719 2,863,152 113,567 2,611,470 2,502,661 108,809 6,539,234 45.5 39.9 Male (M) 1,606,066 1,546,470 59,596 1,428,243 1,369,964 58,278 3,335,994 48.1 42.8 Female (F) 1,370,653 1,316,681 53,972 1,183,227 1,132,696 50,531 3,203,240 42 8 36.9 Total (MF) 287,780 287,780 12,226 236,596 227,868 8,728 749,126 38.4 31.6 Eastem Male (M) 165,022 161,656 3,366 132,386 129,734 2,652 384,215 43.0 34.5 Female (F) 134,984 126,124 8,860 104,209 98,133 6,076 364,911 37.0 28.6 Total (MF) 935,465 885,501 49,964 820,316 771,259 49,057 1,396,603 67.0 58 7 Central Male (M) 502,155 477,005 25,150 444,477 420,104 24,373 710,459 70.7 62.6 Female (F) 433,310 408,496 24,814 375,839 351,155 24,684 686,144 63 2 54.8 Total (MF) 564,053 564,053 -- 498,677 498,677 -- 765,914 73.6 65.1 Khartoum Male (M) 287,355 287,355 -- 263,287 263,287 -- 389,527 73.8 67.6 Female (F) 276,698 276,698 -- 235,389 235,389 -- 376,387 73.5 62.5 Total (MF) 401,641 395,664 5,977 343,106 337,556 5,550 909,154 44.2 37.7 Kordufan Male (M) 215,037 211,305 3,732 191,138 187,828 3,310 463,249 46.4 41.3 Female (F) 186,604 184,359 2,245 151,968 149,728 2,240 445,905 41.8 34.1 Total (MF) 382,544 381,133 1,411 338,079 337,321 757 1,325,240 28.9 25.5 Darfur Male (M) 224,770 223,847 923 193,938 193,410 528 673,901 33 4 28.8 Female (F) 157,774 157,287 487 144,140 143,911 230 651,339 24.2 22.1 Total (MF) 255,157 255,157 - 249,129 249,129 - 293,450 87.0 84.9 Northem Male (M) 130,188 130,188 -- 127,914 127,914 - 149,319 87.2 85.7 Female (F) 124,969 124,969 - 121,215 121,215 -- 144,131 86.7 84.1 Total (MF) 137,853 93,864 43,989 125,568 80,851 44,717 1,099,747 12.5 11.4 Southem Male (M) 81,539 55,115 26,424 75,102 47,686 27,416 565,324 14.4 13.3 Female (F) 56,314 38,749 17,565 50,466 33,165 17,301 534,423 10.5 9.4 Total (MF) 2,232,868 2,145,996 86,872 2,144,387 1,841,712 302,675 4,374,748 51.0 49.0 Urban areas Male (M) 1,200,573 1,155,479 45,094 1,145,688 1,001,859 143,829 2,203,657 54.5 52.0 Female (F) 1,032,294 990,517 41,777 998,699 839,854 158,845 2,171,091 47.5 46.0 Total (MF) 743,851 717,156 26,695 204,827 168,556 36,272 2,164,486 34.4 9.5 Rural areas Male (M) 405,493 390,991 14,501 127,162 106,964 20,198 1,090,300 37.2 11.7 Female(F) 338,359 326,165 12,194 77,666 61,592 16,074 1,074,187 31.5 7.2 Source: Directorate of Planning, Ministry of Education 16 Table A2.2: Gross primary school enrollment by states State 6-13 population in Enrollment in age group Enrollment rate Northern 114,040 100,336 88.0 Nile 186,851 147,477 78.9 Khartoum 795,983 659,028 82.8 Al-Gazira 658,547 538,183 81.7 Blue Nile 143,305 48,914 34.1 Sinnar 267,649 146,090 54.6 White Nile 335,040 255,152 76 2 North Kordofan 364,719 170,023 46.6 South Kordofan 290,819 100,663 34 6 West Kordofan 277,662 124,379 44.8 North Darfur 338,846 289,263 85.4 South Darfur 553,723 210,109 37.9 West Darfur 387,612 83,354 21.5 Red Sea 154,210 69,290 44.9 Kassala 274,713 103,131 37.5 Al-Gadarif 311,547 142,313 45.7 Bahr Al Gazal 486,000 29,952 6 2 Equatoria 292,646 42,728 14.6 Upper Nile 259,318 48,002 18.5 Sudan 6,493,230 3,308,387 51.0 Source. Directorate of Planning Ministry of Education, March 2002 17 Table A2.3: Children entering first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5, northern Sudan (2000) Percentage in Percentage in Percentage in Percentage m Percentage who grade I grade 2 grade 3 grade 4 reached grade 5 reaching reaching reaching reaching of those who grade 2 grade 3 grade 4 grade 5 enter grade I Sex Male 92.2 91.8 89 1 920 69.4 Female 93.0 92.2 90.9 92.7 72 2 States Northern 94 9 96 1 96 0 96.1 84.2 Nile 99 5 98.6 91.3 99.2 88.9 Red Sea 98.7 97 2 98 0 98 4 92.5 Kassala 100 0 99.6 99 6 99.5 98.7 Al-Gadarif 97 0 97.9 97.5 95.7 88 7 Al-Gezira 99 7 98.9 98 8 100.0 97.4 Sinnar 97 0 96.5 93.6 97.9 85.8 White Nile 95 5 93.0 92.9 92.5 96.3 Blue Nile 66.3 62.2 58 3 57 6 13.9 Khartoum 99.6 97.0 88 6 98 9 84.1 North Kordofan 94 6 97 1 92.8 94.7 80 8 South Kordofan 98.9 97.6 93.8 98.9 89 4 West Kordofan 99.6 98.8 97.2 96.8 92.6 North Darfur 94.3 91.9 95.6 91.1 75.4 South Darfur 45.3 49.6 48.5 49.7 5.4 West Darfur 98.8 97.6 99.0 97.9 93 5 Urban/Rural Urban 96 1 95.7 92.6 95 8 81.7 Rural 89 3 88.4 87.5 88.8 61.4 Total 92.6 92.0 90.0 92.3 70.7 Source Directorate of Planning Ministry of Education Table A2.4: Children entering first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5, southern Sudan (2000) Percentage in Percentage in Percentage in Percentage in Percentage who grade I grade 2 grade 3 grade 4 reached grade 5 reaching reaching reaching reaching of those who grade 2 grade 3 grade 4 grade 5 enter grade I Male 99.4 99 2 98.3 98 8 95.8 Female 99.4 98 0 100.0 98.9 96.3 Town Juba 98.9 99 4 98.3 99.0 95.7 Wau 100.0 100 100.0 100 0 100.0 Malakal 100.0 95 4 100.0 97.9 93.4 Urban/Rural Urban 99.4 98.6 99 1 98.9 96.0 Total 994 98 6 99 1 98.9 96.0 Source. Directorate of Planning. Ministry of Education 18 Table A2.5: Percent of population above 15 years that is literate Male Female Total Northem 72 2 71 0 71 5 Nile 71.9 71.5 71.7 Red Sea 52 8 51.3 52.0 Kassala 38.1 37.8 38.0 Al-Gadrif 43.2 43.3 43.3 Al-Gezira 59.5 57.7 58 6 Smnar 50.1 49.9 50 0 White Nile 51 8 51.4 51.6 Blue Nile 38 4 35.2 36.7 Khartoum 75.9 73.9 74.9 Northem Kordufan 41 0 39 6 40.2 Southem Kordufan 36 1 34.6 35.2 Western Kordufan 34 9 34.0 34.4 Northem Darfur 48.4 47 8 48.1 Southern Darfur 42 5 39.0 40.7 Western Darfur 27.5 24.6 25.9 Urban 67.0 65.2 66.0 Rural 38.8 38.1 38.4 Age 15-24 57.2 53.0 54 8 25-34 52 0 45 2 47 8 35-44 41.9 46.3 44 1 45-54 43.7 54.5 48 7 55-64 54.4 51.0 53.0 65+ 54.9 39.6 49.3 Total 50.6 49.2 49 9 Source Ministry of Education Table A2.6: Condition of schools in southern Sudan Pupil % of %nm- No. of Pupil class teacher % of trained untrained service % female % girls % male % brick % with % with clean Region Schools ratio Ratio teachers teachers teachers teachers enrolled teachers classrooms latrines water Bahr El Ghazal 395 51 39 8 58 36 6 16 94 7 11 28 Equatoria 440 40- 26 9 44 47 9 37 91 18 61 56 UpperNile 261 67 39 2 47 51 3 27 97 4 13 41 Southern Sudan 1096 48 33 7 45 48 7 26 93 12 33 54 Source UNICEF, School Baseline Assessment Report, Southem Sudan, May 2002 19 Table A2.7: Enrollment and gender gap, southern Sudan Percentage enrollment Gender gap S. Sudan Bahr El Ghazal Equatoria Upper Nile No of girls % of boys % of girls Grade to boys 1 39 43 31 48 0.41 71 29 2 22 24 22 23 0 36 74 26 3 16 14 16 15 0.34 75 25 4 11 10 12 8 030 76 24 5 6 5 8 3 0 29 77 23 6 3 2 6 1 0.29 77 23 7 2 1 3 1 0.25 80 20 8 1 1 2 0 0.26 79 21 All grades 100 100 100 100 0 31 76 23 Source UNICEF, School Baseline Assessment Report, Southem Sudan, May 2002 Table A2.8: Students enrolled in government universities according to international classification for education (ISCED) for the academic years 1990/1991-2000/2001 Discipline 90/91 91/92 92/93 93/94 94/95 Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Education 1806 1253 2569 2407 2884 2373 4568 3910 6301 7422 Humanities & Arts 4745 4548 4068 1876 2978 5173 8691 7678 5303 6994 Social Sciences, Business 13521 9810 6166 3961 15311 9103 53943 12373 12709 6539 & Law Science 1194 904 760 814 1566 1013 1144 1374 2406 2394 Engineering, Manufacturing 2560 533 2564 627 4011 1025 6076 1309 8009 2006 & Construction Agriculture 1254 994 3787 2088 3295 1232 3679 3003 5554 4961 Health & Welfare 2001 1144 2385 1881 3416 2206 2537 1352 4600 3351 Services 152 79 231 147 307 188 114 84 366 3442 Grand Total 27233 19265 22530 13801 33768 22313 80752 31083 45248 37109 Source Govemment of Sudan- Mmistry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, General Directorate of Planning Statistical Data on Higher Education 1990/1991- 2000/2001 20 Table A2.8 cont'd. Discipline 95/96 96/97 97/98 99/00 2000/01 Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Education 7083 10519 8514 11787 11895 7995 8287 14696 9637 16976 Humanities & Arts 7794 8292 14204 11707 10441 13327 12866 18836 10781 15271 Social Sciences, Business 12367 8851 33861 27357 32740 27901 30942 33742 30950 33751 & Law Science 2448 2255 5201 5380 5630 4408 6181 5356 7040 5841 Engineering, Manufacturing 8517 2017 16321 6142 10978 3792 9422 4750 13982 5420 & Construction Agriculture 6026 5747 7708 6805 6987 2327 4023 4704 5363 6123 Health & Welfare 5070 4155 8152 7828 9908 6622 6400 7997 8596 11256 Services 327 365 212 318 243 248 537 378 612 417 Grand Total 49632 42201 94173 77324 88822 66620 78658 90459 86961 95055 Source: Government of Sudan: Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, General Directorate of Planning: Statistical Data on Higher Education 1990/1991-2000/2001 Table A2.9: Students enrolled in government universities (2000/2001) University Students Enrolled Khartoum 19229 Holy Quran & Islamic Sciences 17715 Omdurman Islamic 18968 Gezira 20637 Sudan University of Science & Technology 24765 Juba 13056 Upper Nile 1277 Bahr Al Gazal 1246 Al Neelain 31168 Al Zaaiem Al Azhari 3363 Shendi 4669 Nile Valley 7964 Dongola 1967 Red Sea 4082 Kassala 3317 Elgadarif 3307 Sinnar 3551 Blue Nile 816 Al Imam Al Mahadi 3164 Bakht Elruda 2683 Kordofan 3154 Aldalanj 3749 West Kordofan 1290 Al Fashir 5070 Nyala 2406 Zalengi 1005 International University of Africa 2920 Grand Total 206538 Source Government of Sudan Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, General Directorate of Planning: Statistical Data on Higher Education 1990/1991-2000/2001. 21 Table A2.10: Students enrolled in private universities (2000/2001) University Students Enrolled Ahfad University for Women 4138 Sudan Intemational University 562 Sharq Elniel College 3827 Computer Man College 1549 Khartoum College of Technology 1001 Elnasr Technical College 1692 Aviation Science College 952 Africa College 919 Wad Madani Ahlia College 729 High Institute for Banking and Finance Studies 2393 College of Technological Sciences 6968 Al Sharg Ahlia College 806 Khartoum College of Applied Studies 583 Sudan University College for Women 794 Port Sudan Ahlia College 1096 Bahri Ahlia College 210 Abu Bakr Osman Ahlia College 137 Bayan Science & Technology College 984 Sudan High Institute for Tourism & Hotels 52 Kosti Ahlia College 114 El Obeid Technical College 264 Al Amir Osman Digna College 17 Meilaik College for Social Development 23 Khartoum Academy for Medical Sciences 1563 Tahnoun College 39 Grand Total 31412 Source: Government of Sudan: Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, General Directorate of Planning: Statistical Data on Higher Education 1990/1991-200012001. 22 Table A2.11: Primary school teachers fulfilling national standard requirements (1998/99) With academic Certified Total Qualification (%/.)' to teach (o/)2 Sudan Total (MF) 103,082 61.1 59.7 Male (M) 29,583 73.5 71.6 Female (F) 73,499 56.1 54.9 Total (MF) 8,902 65.2 60.8 Eastem Male (M) 2,693 76 2 70 0 Female (F) 6,209 60.5 56.7 Total (MF) 35,239 63.2 63.3 Central Male (M) 13,882 68.6 72 3 Female (F) 21,375 59.7 57.5 Total (MF) 18,355 44.2 59.9 Khartoum Male (M) 4,666 71.4 65.3 Female (F) 13,689 34.9 58.0 Total (MF) 15,592 63.0 40.1 Kordufan Male (M) 3,816 84.3 66.7 Female(F) 11,776 56.2 31.5 Total (MF) 12,826 75.6 61.6 Darfur Male (M) 2,480 79.4 84.3 Female (F) 10,346 74.7 56.2 Total (MF) 10,079 56.7 74.0 Northern Male (M) 1,579 80.5 76 3 Female (F) 8,499 52.3 73 6 Total (MF) 2,090 73.1 56 4 Southern Male (M) 467 79.7 80.5 Female (F) 1,623 71.2 49.5 Total (MF) 73,235 70.2 60.4 Urban areas Male (M) 45,296 74.3 63.1 Female (F) 27,939 63.6 56 1 Total (MF) 29,847 52.0 64.8 Rural areas Male (M) 8,967 67.0 72.3 Female (F) 20,880 45.5 61.6 I suda sG=&dY ccaticaI 2 Tacbcr Tmunhg 1naft CC,flc* Source: EFA 2000 Assessment 23 Table A2.12: Total enrollment, number of teachers and pupil-teacher ratios in primary education (1998/99) Total enrollment Total number of teachers Pupil-teacher ratios Total Public Private' Total Public Private' Total Public Private' Sudan 2,976,719 2,842,596 134,123 103,082 99,679 3,404 29 29 39 Eastern 300,006 287,780 12,226 8,902 8,184 717 34 35 17 Central 935,465 885,501 49,964 35,239 34,393 846 27 26 59 Khartoum 564,053 543,497 20,556 18,355 17,513 842 31 31 24 Kordofan 401,641 395,664 5,977 15,592 15,332 260 26 26 23 Darfur 382,544 381,133 1,411 12,826 12,637 190 30 30 7 Northern 255,157 255,157 -- 10,079 10,079 -- 25 25 -- Southern 137,853 93,864 43,989 2,090 1,541 549 66 61 80 Urban areas 2,232,868 2,145,996 86,872 73,235 67,344 5,891 30 32 15 Rural areas 743,851 717,156 26,695 29,847 27,634 2,213 25 26 12 ' By "Private" is meant all educatAonal institutions not operated by a public authority whether or not it receives financial support from such authorities. Source FMOE, EFA, the year 2000 Assessment Sample Survey October 1999. Table A2.13: Teaching staff of government universities by sex, according to international classification for education (ISCED) for the academic years 1990/1991-2000/20001 Sector 90/91 91/92 92/93 93/94 94/95 Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Education 168 18 237 89 171 29 479 142 434 116 Humanities & Arts 131 7 160 99 143 26 332 97 488 12 Social Sciences, Business & Law Science 198 7 203 70 237 22 433 82 471 96 16 3 125 43 154 44 254 91 171 70 Engineering, Manufacturing & Construction 67 9 240 19 206 9 358 36 418 50 Agriculture 52 87 386 71 217 25 705 101 704 117 Health & Welfare 83 1 9 156 66 315 31 561 191 449 94 Services 14 4 27 7 11 2 34 5 32 12 Grand Total 729 154 1534 464 1454 188 3156 745 3167 567 Source. Govemment of Sudan: Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, General Directorate of Planning Statistical Data on Higher Education 1990/1991-2000/2001 24 Table A2.13 cont'd. Sector 95/96 96/97 97/98 99/00 00/01 Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Education 721 234 746 317 668 327 785 370 751 368 Humanities & Arts 578 172 847 258 527 253 612 212 616 207 Social Sciences, Business & Law 647 154 889 188 546 208 842 260 290 180 Science 446 179 562 279 271 156 367 162 534 204 Engineering, Manufacturing & Construction 595 41 619 49 502 94 556 146 498 76 Agriculture 1157 273 948 264 783 202 771 231 816 232 Health & Welfare 619 143 600 190 542 173 692 246 622 265 Services 47 19 46 32 46 28 66 33 59 17 Grand Total 4810 1215 5257 1577 3885 1441 4691 1660 4186 1549 Source Govenmment of Sudan Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, General Directorate of Planning: Statistical Data on Higher Education 1990/1991-2000/2001 Table A2.14: Teaching staff of government universities by academic qualification & sex, (2000/2001) Ph.D. M.Sc. High Diploma Total University Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Khartoum 522 58 266 98 8 - 796 156 Holy Quran & Islamic Sciences - 68 21 62 -- - 21 130 Omdurman Islamic 263 48 200 151 - 463 199 Gezira 138 19 55 33 - -- 193 52 Sudan University of Science & Technology 103 6 116 10 31 9 250 25 Juba 132 12 163 86 4 -- 299 98 Upper Nile 23 2 70 28 8 -- 101 30 Bahr Al Gazal 21 -- 56 27 -- - 77 27 Al Neelain 68 9 80 22 -- -- 148 31 Al Zaaiem Al Al Azhari 55 6 56 20 4 2 115 28 Shendi 19 - 22 14 -- - 41 14 Nile Valley 23 1 98 20 1 -- 122 21 Dongola 19 1 60 24 - -- 79 25 Red Sea 9 2 53 17 -- 2 62 21 Kassala 8 -- 44 13 -- - 52 13 Elgadarif 6 -- 35 15 -- - 41 15 Sinnar 17 -- 70 19 - -- 87 19 Blue Nile 6 -- 3 5 -- -- 9 5 AlImamAlMahadi 7 1 31 10 -- -- 38 11 Bakht Elruda 7 -- 26 16 13 1 46 17 Kordofan 41 1 33 18 -- -- 74 19 Aldalanj 12 2 44 17 -- -- 56 19 West Kordofan 7 1 39 6 -- -- 46 7 Al Fashir 12 7 37 11 -- -- 49 18 Nyala 10 -- 40 11 -- 50 11 Zalengi 8 -- 31 4 -- -- 39 4 International University of Afiaca 74 2 62 5 1 -- 137 7- Grand Total 1610 246 1811 762 70 14 . 3491 1022 Source Govemment of Sudan Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, General Directorate of Planning' Statistical Data on Higher Education 1990/1991-2000/2001 25 Table A2.14 cont'd Ph.D. M Sc. High Diploma Total University Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Ahfad University for Women 22 15 31 46 5 2 58 63 Sudan International University 4 1 3 -- -- -- 7 1 Omdurman Ahlia University 44 6 15 16 59 22 Sharq Elniel College 46 4 21 6 -- -- 67 10 Computer Man College 11 1 19 7 - -- 30 8 Khartoum College ofTechnology 10 -- 18 6 11 3 39 9 Elnasr Technical College 16 -- 21 6 5 2 42 6 Aviation Science College 3 -- 9 -- 2 -- 14 -- Africa College 6 -- 10 10 1 -- 17 10 Wad Madani Ahlia College 6 -- 18 5 3 -- 27 5 High Institute for Banking and Finance Studies 16 1 18 -- -- -- 34 1 College of Technological Sciences 53 8 60 43 2 -- 115 51 Al Sharg Ahlia College -- -- 9 1 5 1 14 2 KhartoumCollegeforAppliedStudies 7 1 15 4 9 6 31 10 Sudan University College for Women 7 -- 20 7 -- 1 27 8 Port Sudan Ahlia College 2 -- 23 4 1 1 26 5 Bahri Ahlia College 3 -- 4 3 2 1 9 4 Abu Bakr Osman Ahlia College 3 -- 2 3 -- -- 5 3 Bayan Science & Technology College 8 -- 15 1 -- -- 23 1 Kosti Ahlia College 6 -- 10 2 -- -- 16 2 El Obeid Technical College 6 -- 9 3 -- -- 15 3 Al Amir Osman Digna College 5 -- 2 1 -- - 7 1 Grand Total 284 37 352 174 46 17 682 225 Source Government of Sudan: Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, General Directorate of Planning Statistical Data on Higher Education 1990/1991-2000/2001 26 Table A2.15: Repetition rate in primary education 1998/99 (percent) Grade Average 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 grades I to5 Sudan Total (M 11.0 100 114 12.7 12 0 11.0 13 3 11.9 11.4 Male (M) 10 3 8.7 11.4 12.2 121 11.4 13.5 11.4 10.9 Female(F) 11.8 11.7 11.3 13.4 11.9 104 13 1 125 12.0 Total(MF) 11 9 10.3 11 6 13 6 106 13.3 13.2 13.8 11 7 Eastem Male (M) 8.9 3.2 9.7 9 7 6 9 11 8 12.6 12 6 7.7 Female (F) 15.2 18.4 14.3 18.2 15.3 15.2 13.8 15.6 16 3 Total (MF) 113 114 13.7 10.6 114 10.4 13.5 98 11.7 Central Male(M) 98 114 14.1 10.8 11.3 129 137 106 11.5 Female(F) 129 11.3 133 103 115 83 133 91 119 Total MF) 0.8 2.3 2.9 3 7 3.3 2.6 12 2 3.0 2.6 Khartoum Male(M) 0.7 28 4.1 108 33 3.4 15.9 4.4 2.9 Female(F) 0.9 1.7 1.6 4 1 3.4 1 8 8.9 17 2.3 Total (MF) 17 7 15 0 16 3 17.1 18 9 16.0 19.1 18.5 16.9 Kordofan Male (M) 17.2 11.8 15.0 14 5 21 7 16.4 22.8 15.5 15 8 Female (F) 18 2 18 5 17 8 19.9 16 0 15 6 14.9 21 1 18 1 Total(MF) 14.1 13.0 12.4 15.8 157 13.4 13.3 10.7 142 Darfur Male (M) 15.9 13.5 13 7 16.9 16.7 15 1 12 5 9.8 15 3 Female (F) 12 1 12.5 10 8 14 6 14.7 11.5 14 0 11.6 12.9 Total (MF) 12 1 11.5 12.4 13.0 12 1 10 4 13.3 7 9 12 2 Northern Male(M) 132 129 13.7 131 126 125 11.3 1.1 13.1 Female (F) 108 9.8 110 12.8 116 9.2 150 13.7 11.2 Total (F) 8.7 11 8 7.7 11.0 8 2 7.4 9.6 14 7 8 9 West Bahr El Ghazal Male(M) 7 6 7 4 7 6 7.9 7 9 6 4 8.6 13.3 7 7 Female (F) 10.6 118 7.9 15.7 88 9.8 11.7 17.6 111 Total(MF) 7.1 56 115 13.6 136 129 12.6 169 106 Upper Nile Male (M) 4 6 3 6 11.6 14 8 14.8 13 0 13 3 17.7 10.2 Female (F) 110 8.6 115 12.0 12.0 127 11.4 15.7 111 Total(MF) 90 6.8 12.2 13.2 11.7 117 118 175 107 Equatoria Male (M) 6.3 6 1 12 1 13.8 12.8 11 1 144 21.0 10.4 Female(F) 12.0 78 124 12.4 100 124 15.2 11.8 11.1 Total(MF) 11.6 11 5 12 3 14 8 13.1 12 9 14 3 10 3 12.7 Urban areas Male(M) 11 2 10 8 12.7 14.4 13 4 13 9 15 2 11.4 12 5 Female(F) 119 124 119 15.2 12.9 11.7 133 92 129 Total(MF) 15.7 130 132 123 12.3 106 11 5 160 134 Ruralareas Male(M) 154 126 13.7 12.7 121 10.5 119 14.6 134 Female(F) 16.2 135 126 11.9 127 108 110 17.7 13.5 27 Table A2.16: Measures of internal efficiency- (1998, 1999) Total Grade I Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Promotion rate'% 82 7 84 5 83.4 80 9 78 3 78 4 78 1 60.0 82 RepetitionRate% 110 100 114 12.7 12 11 133 119 11.4 Dropoutrate% 83 55 52 63 97 10.9 8.3 28.1 66 Survival rate bu% 100.0 92 9 87.2 82 1 76 1 67 7 59.4 53 7 Year input per graduated 19 1 Female Grade I Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Promotion rate % 816 82.7 849 800 791 81.0 80.0 603 81.7 RepetitionRate% 118 11.7 11.3 13.4 119 10.4 131 125 127 Dropout rate % 6 6 6 6 3.8 6 5 9 0 8 1 6.9 27 3 6 3 Survival rate i % 100 92 5 86 6 84 3 77 9 70 7 63.6 58.5 Year input per graduate 17.9 Male Grade I Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Promotionrate V% 83.7 857 82.2 81.7 77.6 75.3 77.0 59.8 823 RepetitionRate% 10.3 87 11.4 122 121 11.4 13.5 114 109 Dropout rate % 6.0 5 5 6 0 6 2 10.4 13 2 9 5 28 9 6.8 Survival rate b/% 100 93 3 67.7 80 3 47 6 65 9 56 0 49 8 Year input per graduate d 20.3 Data source FMOE, EFA, the year 2000 Assessment Sample Survey October 1999 at % entenng cohort completing grade and entenng next highest grade b/ % of cohort enrolled in school including those repeating a grade c/ average number of years it takes to finish grade 9 Table A2.17: Graduates from government and private universities and colleges (1990/91-1998/1999) Sector 90/91 91/92 92/93 93/94 94/95 95/96 96/97 97/98 98/99 Education 276 197 307 518 1371 3262 3623 4626 5513 Humanities&Arts 620 697 2124 2393 2555 3431 3911 5744 6491 Social Sciences, Business & Law 844 804 5602 3804 5863 9915 10190 10810 12723 Science 224 312 684 1170 1875 2161 2517 3043 3672 Engineerng, Manufacturng & Construction 287 669 2564 627 4011 6076 1309 8009 2006 Agnculture 524 465 659 943 730 2195 2713 2735 2808 Health & WelfLre 397 990 1013 1469 1219 2018 2151 2250 2929 Grand Total 3172 4134 12953 10924 17624 29058 26414 37217 36142 Source Government of Sudan Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, General Directorate of Planning Statistical Data on Higher Education 1990/1991-2000/2001 29 Table A2.18: Distribution of students admitted to government universities, according to international classification for education (ISCED) for 2000/2001 Sector Total Female Male Female % Education 8274 4857 3417 58.7 Arts 839 424 415 50.5 Humanities 4405 2237 2168 50 8 Social and behavior Sciences 3183 1530 1653 48.1 Business & Administration 1408 618 790 43.9 Law 3032 1325 1707 43 7 Life Sciences 958 689 269 71.9 Physical Sciences 173 6 167 3 5 Mathematics and Statistics 1154 665 489 57 6 Engineering & Eng. Trades 3430 1091 2339 31 8 Manufacturing & Processing 190 113 77 59.5 Architecture & Building 89 15 74 16 9 Agriculture, Forestry & 3404 1704 1700 50 1 Fishery _ _ Veterinary 282 157 125 55.7 Health 3256 2047 1209 62 9 Personal Services 92 20 72 21.7 Social services 716 330 386 46.1 Environmental Protection 152 108 44 71 1 Grand Total 35037 17936 17101 51.2 Source. Govemment of Sudan: Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, General Directorate of Planning: Statistical Data on Higher Education 1990/1991-2000/2001 Table A2.19: Distribution of students admitted to private universities & colleges according to international classification for education (ISCED) for 2000/2001 Sector Total Female Male Female % Education 302 302 - 100 0 Arts 186 142 44 76 3 Humanities 870 458 412 52 6 Social and behavior Sciences 71 51 20 71.8 Business & Administration 2480 1520 960 61.3 Computing 2479 984 1495 39.7 Engineering & Eng. Trades 584 135 449 23.1 Manufacturing & Processing 149 148 1 99.3 Architecture & Building 416 165 251 39.7 Agriculture, Forestry & 54 54 -- 100 Fishery Health 765 541 224 70 Social services 6 6 - 100 Transport Services 119 50 69 42 Grand Total 8481 4556 3925 54 Source: Government of Sudan- Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, General Directorate of Planning Statistical Data on Higher Education 1990/1991-200012001 30 APPENDIX 3. NATIONAL ACCOUNTS 31 Table A3.1: Gross Domestic Product by sector at current prices (million Sudanese Dinar) 1981/82 1982/83 1983/84 1984/85 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91 1991/92 Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing 256.7 310 6 356.9 420.2 626 6 1369.9 1779.3 3313.7 3886.3 7927 7 16764.7 Mining & Quarrying 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.6 2.6 5 6 7.3 12.6 34.5 Manufacturing 45.9 63.7 86.8 123.6 138.6 185.7 298.4 466.1 607.9 850.1 2233.0 Electricity & Water 7.6 9 4 17.5 27.6 34.8 49.6 63.9 84.8 155.0 203.0 440.8 Construction 37.8 59.9 64.8 82.5 100.3 158.0 202.8 253.4 545.2 996.2 1928.1 Commerce, Hotels & Restaurants 89.6 145.4 204.7 325.0 430.3 774.3 829.6 1901.0 2673.1 4021.0 9580.8 Transport& communications 69.9 93.1 109.8 123.3 139.8 411.9 553.0 767.0 863.0 1467.8 2874.8 Finance, Insurance, real estate 77 9 114.3 132.0 189.3 241 4 341.0 389.7 525.3 773.9 1646.1 4258 3 Community, social&personal 100 13.8 178 24.2 31.6 41.3 43.2 96.6 223.1 402.9 8913 service Nominal financial institutions -10.8 -13.3 -14.2 -14.5 -18.8 -25.7 -43.2 -69.0 -87.7 -104 3 -936.8 Government services 58.4 77.6 101.8 111.2 141.6 163.1 268.8 406.1 680.1 772.5 1669.7 Private nonprofit services 7 9 10.9 15.1 20.9 25.8 33 5 37.6 89 7 214.0 378.3 789.0 GDP at factor costs 651.3 885.8 1093.3 14338 .1892 8 35041 4425.8 78403 10541.3 18573.7 40528.2 Indirect taxes less subsidies 52.7 73.4 87.4 101.9 129.0 143.9 253.4 415.9 469.8 692.3 1653 6 GDPatMarketprices 704.0 959.2 1180.7 1535.7 2021.8 3648.0 4679.1 82562 11011.1 19266.0 42181.8 Memo items Agriculture 256.7 310.6 356.9 4202 6266 1369.9 1779.3 3313.7 3886.3 7927.7 167647 Industry 91.7 133.4 169.6 234.2 274.5 394.8 567.7 809.9 1315.5 2061.8 4636.4 Services 303.0 441.8 566.9 779.4 991.7 1739.4 2078.7 3716.8 5339.5 8584 2 19127 1 Source Central Bureau of Statistics, Government of Sudan 32 Table 3.1 cont'd. 1992193 1993/94 1994/95 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002* Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing 36049.4 76857.3 179028.9 419968.2 731649.8 863965.6 986825.6 1165491 2 1233899.3 1389522.7 Mining & Quarrying 257.2 5398 10140 4508.2 4197.7 5790.2 37250.0 25665.9 36622.3 41767.9 Manufacturing 42535 8494.0 24085.1 70351.4 100680.0 127286.6 148177.0 272376.4 312785.5 331308.8 Electricity& Water 1106.2 1939.4 4295.3 15799.0 143279 19654.9 21992.8 46875.5 63676.1 65465.0 Construction 4444.1 11172 5 16813.9 46497.7 65597.3 154987.0 142696.3 177768.0 192676.7 209261.0 Commerce, Hotels & Restaurants 26211.0 42905.1 72056.0 185784.5 260543.6 368373.0 457100.5 577109.0 647784.9 724475.3 Transport& communications 5318.3 12701.9 191380.6 115063.4 150508.7 256339.3 375067.6 153761.8 257220.7 287702.5 Finance, Insurance, real estate 6969.9 14943.1 21699.7 91029.7 127278.2 168867.7 243532.2 304281.9 324359.4 364034.3 Community, social & personal 1796.0 4659.9 8811.3 23792.9 34104.2 44339.0 54534.4 36385.0 38785.9 43530.1 service Nominal financial institutions -839.8 -1296.9 -2703.0 -5966.3 -12212.7 -23646.2 -13775.1 -44660.5 -47607.5 -53430.8 Govemment services 3339.5 5035.0 9133.8 28801.0 50672.0 67260.7 10384.0 89900.0 95700.0 109100.0 Private nonprofit services 1718.7 4311.0 8260.2 19311.0 30556.3 35323.3 44352.5 27155.4 28947.2 32488.0 GDP at factor costs 90624.0 182262.1 533875.7 1014940.8 1557902.9 2088541.1 2601137.8 2832109.6 3174850.5 3545225.8 Indirect taxes less subsidies 4220.8 5866.8 19035.0 38300.0 61541.9 583479 85955.6 60186.7 65407.2 70274.2 GDP at Market prices 94844.8 188128.9 552910.7 1053829.1 1619444.8 2146889.0 2687093.4 2892296.3 3240257.7 3615500.0 Memo items Agriculture 36049.4 76857,3 179028.9 419968.2 731649.8 863965.6 986825.6 1165491.2 1233899.3 1389522.7 Industry 10061.0 22145.7 46208.3 137156.4 184802.8 307718.6 350116.1 522685.8 595760.6 647803.7 Services 44513.6 83259.1 308638.6 457816.2 641450.3 916856.9 1264196.1 1143932.6 1345190.6 1507899.4 *Preluninary estimates Source: Central Bureau of StaIsfics, Govermment of Sudan 33 Table A3.2: Gross Domestic Product by sector at 1981/82 constant prices (million Sudanese Dinar) 1981/82 1982/83 1983/84 1984/85 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91 1991/92 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting 256.7 234 1 223.1 195.9 227.8 250.0 2185 290.4 231.4 228.4 284.0 Mining & Quarrying 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6 0 3 0 3 0 5 0 7 0.8 1 5 Manufacturing 45.9 494 49.4 51.7 48.7 58.4 61.6 61.9 54.3 56.1 63.6 Electricity&Water 76 89 10.1 11.2 11.3 10.8 118 12.3 120 12.7 15.6 Construction 37.8 44.6 37.5 34 9 30.4 36 6 34 8 32 5 40.4 58 3 33 5 Commerce, Hotels & Restaurants 89.6 95 3 80.8 85.9 81.5 106.7 98.7 97.6 84.5 108.1 158.8 Transport& communications 69.9 707 70.2 62.9 72.6 803 86.1 832 75.6 995 107.6 Finance, Insurance, real estate 77.9 80.6 81.1 80.5 79.8 96 4 102.0 132.2 129.1 106.4 97.2 Community,social&personal service 10.0 11 1 11.4 117 12.5 13.0 12 8 13.2 13.8 14 6 14.1 Nominal financial institutions -10.8 -9 3 -10.2 -9 3 -8.9 -9 1 -10 1 -10 7 -8 7 -10 5 -18.0 Government services 58 4 66.9 78.9 69.5 66 4 61 9 64.8 67 4 103 7 126.2 75 8 Private nonprofit services to households 7 9 8.4 8 9 8.8 8 7 9.1 9.4 9.8 10 1 10 5 10.8 GDPatfactorcosts 651.3 6612 6416 604.1 631.3 714.4 690.7 7903 747.1 811.1 8445 Indirect taxes less subsidies 527 573 409 35.6 43 0 55.8 77.0 47.0 43.3 38.7 61.2 GDP at market price 704.0 718 5 682 5 639.7 6743 770.2 767.6 837.3 790.4 849.8 905.7 Memo item Agriculture 256.7 2341 223.1 195.9 227.7 2500 218.5 290.4 231.6 2284 284.0 Industry 91.7 103.4 97.4 98.2 91.0 1061 108.5 107.2 107.4 127.9 114.2 Services 302 9 323.7 321.1 310 0 312 6 358 3 363.7 392 7 4081 454.8 446 3 Source Central Bureau of Statistics, Government of Sudan Table 3.2 cont'd. 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002* Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting 288 1 277.3 2946 351 7 408.9 4577 514.7 542.0 5728 6124 Mining & Quarrying 1.5 1 8 1 9 3 3 3.6 4 6 18 2 20 7 62.6 73.6 Manufacturing 71.5 60.9 69.1 981 1091 1208 1027 1081 1174 1281 Electricity & Water 17.8 17.2 25 3 26 8 29.0 29.5 33.8 19 5 20.4 21 5 Construction 441 47 2 50 2 22.6 24 4 44 9 33.6 351 37.5 38 7 Commerce, Hotels & Restaurants 161.7 168 8 179.1 138 8 142.5 138 7 146 6 158.7 164 7 169 3 Transport&communications 1182 1203 128.1 1177 115.9 1138 111.7 1209 125.0 1290 Finance, Insurance, real estate 114.0 1300 132.9 1608 164.3 1802 189.8 2054 2124 2192 Community,social&personalservice 14.4 155 164 169 175 17.9 18.1 196 203 210 Nominal fnancial institutions -24 0 -18.5 -19 6 -21.1 -30.6 -35 5 -22.4 -24 0 -24.9 -25 7 Government services 78.2 823 872 100.4 124.1 1258 1421 1455 1535 1624 Privatenonprofitservicestohouseholds 11 1 114 120 11.9 12.2 126 129 143 148 15.3 GDPatfactorcosts 8966 914.8 9772 10279 1120.9 1211.0 1301.8 13658 1475.9 1564.8 Indirect taxes less subsidies 505 41.8 368. 1046 88.7 75 3 51.7 573 608 65.4 GDPatmarketprice 9471 9566 1014.0 1132.5 12096 12863 13535 14231 15367 16302 Memo item Agriculture 2881 2773 2946 3517 4089 4577 5147 542.0 5722 6124 Industry 134.9 127 1 146 5 150 8 166 1 199.8 188 3 183 4 237 9 261 9 Services 473 6 509 8 536.1 525 4 545.9 553.5 598.8 640 4 665.8 690 5 * Preliminary estimates Source. Central Bureau of Statistics, Government of Sudan 34 Table A3.3: Gross Domestic Product by sector at 1981/82 constant prices (annual changes in percent) 1982/83 1983/84 1984/85 1985/86 1986187 1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Huntng -8.8 4.7 -12.2 16 2 9 8 -12 6 32 9 -20 2 -1 4 24.3 1 4 Mining & Quarrying 25 0 -20.0 0.0 50 0 -50 0 0 0 66 7 40.0 14 3 87 5 0 0 Manufacturing 7 6 0 0 4 7 -5.8 19 9 5 5 0.5 -12.3 3.3 13 4 12.4 Electricity & Water 17 1 13.5 10 9 0 9 -4 4 9 3 4 2 -2 4 5 8 22 8 14 1 Construction IS 0 -15 9 -6.9 -12 9 20 4 -4 9 -6 6 24 3 44 3 42.5 31 6 Commerce, Hotels & Restaurants 6 4 -15 2 6 3 -5 1 30 9 -7 5 -1.1 -13.4 27 9 46.9 1.8 Transport&communications 11 -0.7 -104 154 106 7.2 -34 -91 316 81 9.9 Finance, Insurance, real estate 3 5 0 6 -0 7 -0.9 20 8 5.8 29.6 -2 3 -17 6 -8.6 17.3 Community, social & personal service 110 2 7 2 6 6 8 4.0 -1 5 3 1 4 5 5.8 -3.4 2.1 Nominal financial institutions -13 9 9 7 -8 8 4 3 2 2 11 0 5.9 -18 7 20 7 71.4 33 3 Govemment services 14 6 17 9 -119 4 5 -6.8 4 7 4.0 53 9 21.7 -39.9 3.2 Privatenonprofitservicestohouseholds 6.3 6.0 -11 -1.1 46 33 43 31 40 29 28 GDP at factor costs 1.5 -3.0 -58 45 132 -3.3 14.4 -55 86 41 6.17 Indirect taxes less subsidies 8 7 -28 6 -13 0 20 8 29.8 38 0 -40.4 -5 7 -10.6 58.1 -17 5 GDP at market pnce 21 -5.0 -6 3 5.4 14.2 -0 3 8 9 -5 5 7 5 6.6 4 6 Memo item Agriculture -8.8 4.7 -12 2 16 2 9.8 -12.6 32.9 -20 2 -1 4 24 3 1.4 Industry 12.8 -5 8 0 8 -7 3 16.6 2.3 -1 2 0 2 191 -10.7 18.1 Services 69 -08 -35 08 146 15 8.0 3.9 114 -1.9 6.1 Source based on Table A3.2 Table A3.3 cont'd. 1993/94 1994/95 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002* Agriculture,Forestry,Fishing&Hunting -35 6.0 19.4 163 11.9 125 5.3 5.6 69 Mining&Quarrying 20.0 5.6 73.7 9.1 278 295.7 137 2024 176 Manufacturing -148 135 420 112 10.7 -150 5.3 86 9.1 Electricity & Water -3.4 47.1 5 9 8.2 1 7 14.6 42 3 4 6 5.4 Construction 7.0 6.4 -55 0 8.0 84.0 -25.2 4.5 6.8 3 2 Commerce, Hotels & Restaurants 4 4 6.1 -22.5 2.7 -2.7 5 7 8.3 3 8 2.8 Transport & communications 1.8 6 5 -8.1 -1 5 -1 8 -1.8 8.2 3 4 3.2 Finance, Insurance, real estate 14 0 2.2 21 0 2.2 9 7 5 3 8.2 3.4 3.2 Community, social & personal service 7.6 5 8 3 0 3 6 2 3 1.1 8.3 3.6 3.4 Nominal financial institutions -22.9 5.9 7.7 45.0 16 0 -36 9 7.1 3.7 3.2 Govermnentservices 5.2 60 151 236 1.4 13.0 2.4 55 5.8 Private nonprofit services to households 2 7 5.3 -0.8 2.5 3.3 5.6 7 5 3.5 3 4 GDP at factor costs 20 6.82 5.2 91 80 7.3 5.1 81 6.0 Indirecttaxeslesssubsidies -17.2 -120 184.2 -15.2 -15.1 -28.2 6.0 6.1 7.6 GDP atmarketprice 1.0 6.0 11.7 6.8 6.3 5.2 5 1 80 6.1 Memo item Agriculture -3.5 6 0 19 4 16 3 11.9 12 5 5.3 5.6 7.0 Industry -58 15.3 2.9 10.1 203 -72 -1.1 277 10.1 Services 7.6 5 2 -2.0 3.9 1.4 8 3 6 9 4 0 3.7 * Preliminary estimates Source. Based on Table A3.2 * Based on preliminary estimates 35 Table A3.4: Gross Domestic Product by sector at 1981/82 constant prices (percent share of GDP at factor costs) 1981/82 1982/83 198/84 1984/85 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting 39.4 35 4 34.8 324 36 1 35 0 31 6 36.7 31.0 28.2 Mining & Quarrying 0.1 01 0 1 01 01 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 Manufacturing 7.0 7 5 7.7 8.6 7.7 8.2 8 9 7 8 7.3 6.9 Electricity & Water 1.2 1 3 1 6 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 Construction 5 8 6 7 5 8 5 8 4 8 5.1 5.0 4.1 5 4 7.2 Commerce, Hotels & Restaurants 13.8 14 4 12 6 14 2 12.9 14.9 14.3 12 3 11.3 13.3 Transport& communications 10.7 10.7 10.9 104 11.5 112 125 10.5 101 12.3 Finance, Insurance, real estate 12.0 12 2 12.6 13 3 12.6 13 5 14 8 16.7 173 13 1 Community, social& personal service 1.5 1.7 1 8 19 2.0 1 8 19 1.7 1.8 1 8 Nominal financial institutions -1 7 -1.4 -1.6 -1 5 -1 4 -1.3 -1.5 -1.4 -1.2 -1.3 Governmentservices 90 10.1 123 11.5 10.5 8.7 94 8.5 13.9 156 Private nonprofit services to households 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1 4 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.3 GDP at factor costs 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100.0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100.0 100 0 Indirect taxes less subsidies 8 1 8.7 6.4 5.9 6 8 7 8 11.1 5.9 5.8 4.8 GDP at Markcet prices 108.1 108.7 106.4 105.9 106 8 107.8 111.1 105.9 105.8 104.8 Memo items Agriculture 394 35.4 34.8 32.4 36.1 35.0 31.6 36.7 31.0 28.2 Industry 14.1 15.6 15.2 16 3 14.4 14 9 15 7 13 6 14.4 15 8 Services 46 5 49.0 50 0 51.3 49.5 50 2 52 7 49 7 54.6 56.1 Source: Based on Table A3.2 Table A3.4 cont'd. 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting 33.6 32.1 30.4 30.1 34 2 36.5 37.8 39.5 39.7 38.8 39.1 Mining & Quarrying 0.2 0 2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.4 1 5 4.2 4.7 Manufacturing 7.5 8.0 6 7 7 1 9.5 9.7 10.0 7.9 7.9 8.0 8.2 Electricity & Water 1.8 2.0 1.9 2.6 2 6 2 6 2 4 2 6 14 14 1.4 Construction 4 0 4 9 5.2 5 1 2.2 2 2 3.7 2 6 2 6 2 5 2.5 Commerce,Hotels&Restaurants 183 180 185 183 13.5 127 11.5 113 11.6 11.2 108 Transport & communications 12.7 13.2 13 2 131 11.5 10.3 9.4 8.6 8 9 8 5 8 2 Finance, Insurance, real estate 11 5 12.7 14.2 13.6 15.6 14.7 14.9 14.6 15.0 14.4 14.0 Community, social & personal service 1.7 1.6 1.7 1 7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 14 1.3 Nominal financial institutions -2.1 -2.7 -2 0 -2.0 -2.1 -2.7 -2.9 -1.7 -1 8 -1.7 -1 6 Govemmentservices 90 8.7 9.0 8.9 9.8 11.1 10.4 10.9 107 10.4 10.4 Private nonprofit services 1.3 1.2 12 1.2 1.2 1 1 10 1 0 1.0 1.0 1.0 GDP at factor costs 1000 1000 100 0 1000 100.0 1000 1000 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 0 Indirecttaxeslesssubsidies 7.2 5.6 4.6 36 102 7.9 62 40 42 4.1 4.2 GDPatMarketprices 1073 1056 1046 1038 1102 1079 106.2 104.0 104.2 104.1 104.2 Memo items Agriculture 33 6 32.1 30.4 30 1 34.2 36 5 37 8 39 5 39.7 38.8 39.1 Industry 13.5 15 0 13 9 15 0 14.7 14 8 16.5 14 5 13.4 16.1 16 7 Services 52.9 52.8 55 7 54 9 51 1 48.7 45.7 46.0 46.9 45 1 44.1 Source: Based on Table A3 2 36 TableA3.5: Gross National Product by expenditures at current prices (million Sudanese Dinar) 1981/82 1982/83 198/84 1984/85 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91 GDP at factor cost 651 3 885.8 1093 3 1433.8 1892 8 3476.3 4425.8 7840.3 10494.2 18603.7 Indirect taxes less subsidies 527 73.4 87.4 1019 129.0 1708 253.4 4159 5169 6923 GDPatmarketprices 7040 959.2 11807 15357 2021.8 3647.1 4679.1 82562 11011.1 19296.0 Resource gap -102 5 -138.4 -89 3 -128 3 -154.8 -80.1 -186 1 -265.6 -138.8 -739.8 Export of GNFS 68.5 96.8 1300 997 117.2 149.3 243 3 342.3 465 8 254.8 ImportsofGNFS 1709 235.2 219.3 2280 272.0 229.4 4294 607.8 604.6 9946 Gross domestic expenditures Consumption 6458 944.6 11074 15947 19363 3255.2 41490 74217 101233 174169 Private 569.9 856.6 9926 1447.3 1755.5 3051.7 3791 5 6878.9 9345.0 16469.8 Govemment Consumption 75.9 880 1148 1474 180.8 2035 3575 542.8 778.3 947.1 Change in stocks 127 5 159.4 184.0 177 9 240.3 472.8 716.3 1100.0 1026.7 2588 8 Gross National Product 692.9 945 3 1150.2 15200 2006.1 36390 4669.1 8250.8 11106 1 19344.4 Gross Domestic Savings 582 146 73.4 -59.0 85.6 392.7 530.2 834.5 887.8 1849.1 Net factor income -11.1 -14.0 -30 4 -15 8 -15.7 -9.1 -10 0 -5.4 -95.0 -78 3 Net current transfers 39 1 28.7 51.3 92.5 95 4 78.5 97.7 150.5 295.8 70.6 Gross National Savings 86.2 29.4 94.3 17.8 165 3 462 1 617.8 979 6 1278.6 1998.1 Source. Central Bureau of Statistics, Govefmrnent of Sudan Table A3.5 cont'd. 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001* GDPatfactorcost 41028.2 90724.2 182262.1 5338757 1014940.8 1557902.9 2088541.1 2601137.8 2832109.6 31748505 Indirect taxes less subsidies 1153.6 4120.6 5866.8 19035.0 38888.3 61541.9 58347.9 85955.6 60186.7 65407.2 GDP at market prices 42181.8 94844.8 188128.9 552910.7 1053829 1 1619444.8 2146889.0 2687093.4 2892296.3 3240257 7 Resource gap -1399.9 -7625.5 -20551.9 -27100.0 -82128.5 -202220.9 -350371 6 -162532.1 65016.3 29047.1 Export of GNFS 1583.2 4234.0 9018.9 25395.8 57739.6 81312.8 102953.4 199694.8 462517.2 435886.4 Imports of GNFS 2983.1 11859.5 29570.8 524958 139868.1 283533.7 4533250 362226.9 397500.9 406839.3 Gross domestic expenditures Consumption 36276.4 83674.3 166036 9 490606.1 889458.5 1579158.0 1924692.0 2286600.0 2400605.9 -- Private 31888.2 78100.7 155782 5 465030.1 812407.1 1487899.9 1820566.5 2159400.0 2238637.3 -- Govemment Consumption 4388.2 5573 6 102544 25576.0 77051.4 91258.1 104125.5 127200.0 170645.5 -- Change in stocks 7305.3 18795.9 42643.9 88563.9 225737.8 300000.2 730833.0 52854.8 -- -- Gross National Product 43880.8 96974.9 1877149 5526745 1037367 1678778.1 2305757.6 23717579 2588605.2 2916231.9 Gross Domestic Savings 5905.4 11170.5 22092.0 62304.6 143609.3 97779.3 2221974 315274.7 -- -- Net factor income 1699.0 2130.0 -414 0 -236.2 668 8 18408.0 604.1 -25965 7 - -- Net current transfers 51287.4 2280.0 4144.6 41510 4604.8 19920.2 71091.4 1026393 -- Gross National Savings 58891.8 15580.6 25822 5 66219.4 148883.0 119540.3 293892.6 356592.4 * Preliminary estimates Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, Govemment of Sudan 37 Table A3.6: Gross National Product by expenditures at current prices (percent of GDP at market prices) 1981/82 1982/83 1983/84 1984/85 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91 GDP at factor cost 92.5 92.3 92 6 93.4 93.6 95.3 94.6 95.0 95.3 96.6 Indirect taxes less subsidies 7.5 7.7 7.4 6.6 6.4 4.7 5.4 5.0 4.7 3.6 GDP at market prices 100 0 100.0 100 0 100.0 100 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.2 Resource gap -14.5 -14.4 -7.6 -8.4 -7.7 -2.2 -4.0 -3 2 -1.3 -3.8 ExportofGNFS 9.7 10.1 11.0 6.5 5.8 4.1 5.2 4.1 4.2 1.3 Imports ofGNFS 24.3 24.5 18.6 14.8 13.5 6.3 9.2 7.4 5.5 5.2 Gross domestic expenditures Consumption 91.7 98.5 93.8 103.8 95.8 89.2 88.7 89.9 91.9 90.4 Private 81.0 89.3 84.1 94.2 86.8 83.7 81.0 83.3 84.9 85.5 Govemment consumption 10.8 9.2 9.7 9.6 8.9 5.6 7.6 6.6 7.1 4.9 Changes in stocks 18.1 16.6 15.6 11.6 11.9 13.0 15.3 13.3 9.3 13.4 Gross National Product 98.4 98.6 97.4 99.0 99.2 99.8 99.8 99.9 100.9 100.4 GrossDomesticSavings 8.3 1.5 62 -3.8 4.2 10.8 11.3 10.1 8.1 9.6 Net factor income -1.6 -1 5 -2.6 -1.0 -0.8 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.9 -0.4 Net current transfers -1.6 -1.5 4.3 6.0 4.7 2.2 2.1 1.8 2.7 0.4 Gross National Savings 5.6 3.0 8.0 1.2 8.2 12.7 13.2 11.9 11.6 10.4 Source: Based on Table A3.3 Table A3.6 cont'd. 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 GDP at factor cost 97.3 95.7 96.9 96.6 96.3 96.3 97.4 97.7 97.9 98.0 Indirect taxes less subsidies 2 7 4.3 3.1 3 4 3.7 3.7 2.6 2.3 2.1 2.0 GDP at market prices 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 0 100 0 100.0 Resource gap -6 3 -8.2 -5.9 -6.0 -7.9 -12.1 -15.2 -6.2 2.3 - Export of GNFS 5.8 5.2 6.7 5.0 5.6 4.8 4.5 7.7 16.0 -- Imports ofGNFS 12.1 13 4 12.6 11.0 13.5 16.9 19.7 13.9 13.7 Gross domestic expenditures Consumption 86.0 88.2 88.3 88.7 86.1 94 1 83.5 87.9 83.3 -- Private 75.6 82.3 82.8 84.1 78.6 88.7 79.0 83.0 77.4 -- Government consumption 10.4 5.9 5.5 4.6 7.5 5 4 4.5 4.9 5.9 -- Changes in stocks 17.3 19.8 22.7 16.2 21.9 17.9 31.7 16.9 -- - Gross National Product 104.0 102.2 99.8 100.0 100.1 100.1 103.4 1023 89.5 90.0 Gross Domestic Savings 14.0 11.8 11.7 11.3 13.9 5.8 9.6 9.9 -- -- Net factor income 4.0 2.2 -0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -- Net current transfers 121.6 2.4 2.2 0.7 0.4 1.2 3.1 3.9 - -- Gross National Savings 139.6 16.4 13.7 12.0 14.4 7.1 127 13.7 -- -- * Preliminary estimates Source: Based on Table A3.3 38 Table A3.7: GDP deflators by sector (1981/82=100) 1981/82 1982183 198/84 1984/85 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91 1991/92 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting 100.0 132.7 160.1 214.7 275.1 549.4 815.3 1142.2 1679.5 3468.6 5902.9 Mining& Quarrying 100.0 102.0 127.9 146.3 200.0 611.5 788.2 1193.8 1036.1 1640.5 2366.7 Manufacturing 1000 124.8 167.4 225.0 273.9 299.3 466.3 776.3 1142.6 1487.5 3005.3 Electricity&Water 100.0 104.8 174.4 245.7 309.7 4582 542.4 689.0 1296 1 1594.6 2831.1 Construction 100.0 134.2 172.5 236.6 330.4 431.4 583.0 780.1 1349 3 1707.5 5751.7 Commerce, Hotels & Restaurants 100.0 153.3 254.4 376 8 527.2 587.5 682.3 1580.9 2568.5 3715.1 6017.8 Transport&communications 100.0 131.2 155.8 195.1 1662 512.9 639.4 1033.1 1156.0 1392.1 2543.0 Finance, Insurance, real estate 100.0 141.5 163.0 235.3 303.0 354.7 383.7 399.9 603.7 1556.6 4417.4 Community, social & personal service 100 0 124.3 156 3 207.1 257.3 323.2 344.2 735.3 1623.8 2802.3 6329 4 Nominal financial institutions 100.0 142 4 139.9 156.5 211.0 280.7 429.9 644 6 1007.5 989.9 5218.9 Govermmentservices 100.0 115.9 129.0 159.8 2134 263.4 4150 602.8 655.1 611.9 2202.5 Private nonprofit services to households 100.0 129.4 169.2 238.7 296.4 3700 398.6 917.1 2112.3 3606.2 7277.7 Import duties 100.0 131.6 247.3 359.0 515.2 629.9 471.6 1551.3 2537.3 2405.8 3650.9 GDP at factor costs 100.0 133.5 173.0 240.1 299.8 473.7 609.6 987.4 1393.0 2267.1 4657.3 Memo items Agriculture 100 0 132.7 160 1 214 7 275.1 549 4 815.3 1142.2 1679.5 3468.6 5902.9 Industry 100.0 126.8 169.7 230.6 294.7 355.4 508.7 770.0 1228.9 1591.0 3649.1 Services 100.0 121.1 163.7 235.3 290.3 437.7 490.2 883.9 1225.9 1803.0 4014.0 Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, Government of Sudan Table A3.7 cont'd. 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting 12513.3 27713.5 60763.0 122869.4 183145.7 194548.7 219268.2 232275.0 226840.1 Mining & QuaTying 16721.5 30306.0 53776.8 134836.0 117800.5 125466.2 202642.5 217864.5 221264.7 Manufacturing 5785.3 12434.3 34848.2 75563.3 93905.6 111883.4 196928.9 205380.1 217083.5 Electricity&Water 6211.1 11255.9 16951.2 40327.8 35130.1 61586.0 164569.2 104650.9 110834.0 Construction 10083.5 23658.1 33524.0 94875.3 150635.5 377531.5 269046.7 290982.1 294806.5 Commerce, Hotels & Restaurants 16208.5 25413.8 40224.4 133322.7 180453.2 251610.4 296479.8 320122.1 345848.9 Transport & communications 4427.6 10498.4 149401.2 110929.7 145125.7 239637.4 116802.0 117996.9 190091.2 Finance, Insurance, real estate 6169.0 11618.4 16330.3 54883.2 131036.6 183863.7 236056.2 224424.8 230348.2 Community, social & personal service 11758.4 30068.1 53732.0 123789.3 213743.8 303155.4 236055.9 224424.8 230839.2 Nominal financial institutions 3497.7 7021.7 13804.9 28303.0 39950.0 59487.3 236056.0 224424.6 231103.9 Govermnent services 4273.2 6119.3 10472.1 28686.3 40834.9 56551.8 58594.8 59893.4 60454.8 Private nonprofit services to households 15497.7 379832.6 68662.9 176313.5 266918.5 404056.5 236056.3 224424.8 229739.7 Import duties 9605.6 16363.5 49038.7 35370.9 96533.2 81934.5 236056.0 210505.7 221055.7 GDP at factor costs 10014.2 19665.8 54527.7 96188.8 146831.9 189616.9 201041.2 224425.0 230372.7 Memo itemis Agriculture 12513.3 27713.5 60763.0 122869.4 183145.7 194548.7 219268.2 232275.0 246053.3 Industry 7234.1 16299.1 32474.0 78120.2 103018.4 174862.0 228095.1 242834.8 258527.0 Services 8848.4 22997.6 55295.3 80444.1 125432.1 183416.7 177104.6 183356.8 189829.6 * Preliminary estimates Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, Government of Sudan 39 Table A3.8: Investment at current and constant prices (million Sudanese Dinar) 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Current prices Gross fixed capital formation 205.8 333.8 5395 654.6 9008 2263.2 41972 127546 30261 4 126648.8 204601 0 505161.6 3101000 3626000 Increaseinstocks 345 1390 176.7 4454 1260 325.7 31082 6041 4 12382.5 990890 953993 225671 5 1133000 173200.0 Gross capital formation 240 3 472.8 716.3 11000 1026.7 2588.9 7305 3 18795 9 42643.9 225737.8 300000.3 730833.1 423400.0 5358000 Share of GDP at market prices Gross fixed capital formation 10.2 9.2 11.5 7.9 8.2 11.7 10.0 13 4 16.1 12 3 12.2 21.9 11.9 12 5 Increase in stocks 1.7 3 8 3.8 5.4 1 1 1.7 7.4 6 4 6.6 9.6 5 7 9.8 4.4 6 0 .Gross capital formation 11.9 13.0 153 13.3 9.3 13.4 17.4 19.8 227 219 17.9 31.7 16.3 185 Constant prices /i Grossfixedcapitalformation 68.6 700 885 663 64.7 99.8 90.1 127.4 153.9 131.7 1393 2664 1542 172.1 Increaseinstocks 11.5 29.3 29.0 45.1 90 14.4 66.7 60.3 63.0 1030 65.0 1190 156.4 82.2 Gross capital formation 801 99.3 117.5 111.4 73.7 114.2 156.8 187.7 2169 234.7 204.3 385.4 310.6 254.3 Real growth (%) Grossfixedcapitalformation - 20 26.4 -251 -2.4 54.3 -9.7 41.4 20.8 -14.4 5.8 912 -42.1 116 Gross capital formation -- 24.0 18.3 -5 2 -33 8 55.0 37.3 19.7 15.6 8.2 -13.0 88 6 -19.4 -18.1 I Deflated by GDP deflator (1981/82=100) Source Central Bureau of Statistics, Government of Sudan Table A3.9: Fixed capital formation by economic activities (million Sudanese Dinar) 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1996 1997 1998 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting 85.9 446.0 392.3 2663 8 3986 7 4469.2 Manufacturing & Mining 445.9 1312.9 2037.3 21484 37074.5 300777 Electricity 26 5 86 9 57.6 48.3 29.0 106.3 Water 26 2 66.5 112.6 22.2 57 2 202 1 Construction 54 6 875 3 2740.7 9528.5 13943 5 100049.6 Wholesale trade 142.7 1437.9 4600.9 4699.4 7901.1 11365 6 Air transport -- 106.5 1158 7.2 203 940 Rail transport 19 5 11 7 73.0 7.5 27 8 1544.0 Water transport 4.4 30 129 18551 26500 83.7 Pipeline project - 2.7 12.2 107 9 135.0 55.8 Communication 0 3 49.1 0.7 1.4 20 0 11135.3 Real estate 3248.2 8057.4 19557.7 85114.3 1367448 3437829 Producer of govemment services 142.9 2986 547.5 1109.2 2011 0 2195.4 Gross fixed capital formation 4197.2 12754 5 30261.4 126648 8 204600.9 505161 6 Source Central Bureau of Statistics, Government of Sudan 40 Table A3.10: Fixed capital formation by economic activities (percentage share of gross fixed capital formation) 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1996 1997 1998 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting 2.05 3.50 1.30 2.10 1.95 0 88 Manufacturing & Mining 10.62 10.29 6.73 16.96 18.12 5.95 Electricity 0.63 0.68 0.19 0.04 0.01 0.02 Water 0.62 0.52 0.37 0.02 0.03 0.04 Construction 1.30 6.86 9.06 7.52 6.81 19.81 Wholesale trade 3.40 11.27 15.20 3.71 3.86 2.50 Air transport 0.00 0.83 0.38 0.01 0.01 0.02 Rail transport 0.47 0.09 0.24 0.01 0.01 0.31 Water transport 0.11 0.02 0.04 1.46 1.30 0.02 Pipeline project 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.09 0.07 0.01 Communication 0.01 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.01 2.20 Real estate 77.39 63.17 64.63 67.20 66.83 68.05 Producer of government services 3.40 2.34 1.81 0.88 0.98 0.43 Gross fixed capital formation 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, Govermnent of Sudan Table A3.11: Fixed capital formation by type of capital goods at current prices (million Sudanese Dinar) 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91 1991/92 1992/931993/94 1994/95 1996 1997 1998 Residential buildings 123 229 314 412 597 1612 3249 8077 196644 32084 87385 135254 341576 Non-residential buildings 26 28 40 57 56 264 330 1177 2868 3739 7753 12873 42841 Land improvement & plantation development 3 3 3 2 6 12 17 20 40 7 23 17 102 Transport equipment 18 48 117 80 153 154 359 1777 3906 8858 13086 19953 44580 Machinery equipment 36 26 66 103 89 212 244 1704 3804 7118 18402 36505 76064 Gross fixed capital formation 206 334 540 655 901 2254 4199 12755 30262 51875 126649 204602 505163 Livestock 4 17 41 66 94 132 275 1367 2958 11186 10080 12859 55127 Otherstockofagriculture 63 34 133 239 131 313 3134 401 -2673 5738 16696 34818 19732 Stock in commerce -10 64 91 18 192 350 639 2418 8317 14288 15520 19029 79395 Other stock: mainly manufacture -21 24 178 123 -29 470 -940 1855 3781 6318 56794 28693 71418 Total change in stocks 36 139 443 445 388 326 3108 6041 12382 37530 99090 95399 225672 Grand Total 242 473 983 1100 1289 2579 7307 18796 42645 89405 225739 300001 730833 Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, Govermnent of Sudan 41 Table A3.12: Fixed capital formation by type of capital goods at current prices (percentage share of total fixed capital formation) 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1996 1997 1998 Residential buildings 50.8 48.4 31.9 37.5 46.3 62.5 44.5 43.0 46.1 35.9 38.7 45.1 46 7 Non-residential buildings 10.7 5.9 4.1 5.2 4.3 10.2 4 5 6 3 6.7 4.2 3.4 4.3 5.9 Land improvement & plantation development 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.5 0 5 0.2 0.1 0 1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Transport equipment 7.4 10.1 11.9 7.3 11.9 6.0 4.9 9.5 9.2 99 5.8 6.7 6 1 Machinery equipment 14.9 5.5 6.7 9.4 6.9 8.2 3.3 9.1 8.9 7.9 8.2 12.2 10.4 Gross fixed capital formation 85.1 70.6 54.9 59.5 69.9 87.4 57.5 67.9 71.0 58.0 56.1 68.2 69.1 Livestock 1.7 3.6 4.2 6.0 7 3 5.1 3.8 7.3 6.9 12.5 4.5 4.3 7.5 Other stock of agriculture 26.0 7.2 13.5 21.7 10 2 12.1 42.9 2.1 -6.3 6.4 7.4 11.6 2.7 Stock in commerce -4.1 13.5 9.3 1.6 14.9 13 6 8.7 12.9 19.5 16 0 6.9 6.3 10.9 Otherstock: mainly manufacture -8.7 5.1 18.1 11.2 -22 -18.2 -12.9 9.9 8.9 7.1 25.2 9.6 9.8 Total change in stocks 14.9 29.4 45.1 40.5 30 1 12.6 42.5 32.1 29.0 42.0 43.9 31.8 30.9 Grand Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source. Based on Table A3.7 Table A3.13: Incremental fixed capital/output ratio (million Sudanese Dinar) Year Fixed investment GDP at factor cost Capital-output ratio 1985/86 205.8 1892.8 0.13 1986/87 333.8 3504.1 0.10 1987/88 539 5 4425.8 0.12 1988/89 654.6 7840.3 0.08 1989/90 900.8 10541.3 0.09 1990/91 2263.2 18573.7 0.12 1991/92 4197.2 40528.2 0 10 1992/93 12754.6 90624.0 0.14 1993/94 30261.4 182262.1 0.17 1996 126648.8 994767.8 0.13 1997 204601.0 1615063.4 0.13 1998 505161.6 2245422.1 0.22 1999 389595.9 2540873.1 0.15 2000 362600.0 2832109.6 0.13 Source. Central Bureau of Statistics, Govermment of Sudan 42 APPENDIX 4. BALANCE OF PAYMENTS AND TRADE 43 Table A4.1: Balance of Payments (million US$) 1982-85 1986-90 1991-95 1996-00 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Trade of Goods (net) -188.5 417.4 -538.2 -543.8 427.7 -1136.5 -475.9 440.4 303.6 Exports 531.0 478.4 424 2 879 4 594 0 596.0 780.0 1806.7 1698 7 Imports -1138.6 -912.4 -1000.4 -1595.3 -1421.9 -1732.2 -1256 0 -1366 3 -1395.1 Services, net 17.6 -51.1 -80.8 -256.6 -141.3 -188.2 -193.3 -620.2 -645.7 Income (net) -151.5 -101 0 -51.5 -131.8 11.6 3.1 -104 -575 -554.1 Current transfers (net) 251.8 3417 117.5 207.6 129.3 3649 308.5 198 2779 Current account balance (excluding interest arrears) -70.7 -227.8 -552.9 -726.6 -828.1 -956.5 -464.8 -556.8 -618.3 Capital account net 0.1 0.0 NA NA NA -54.2 -22.9 -119.3 -93.3 Foreign Direct Investment NA NA NA NA 97.9 370.7 370.8 392.2 574 Financial account (net) -178.0 60.4 395.3 306.4 195.0 333.4 435.3 431.6 562.1 Net errors and omissioris 7.7 -86.2 96.1 533 0 651.2 750.5 167.2 368 4 -0.5 Overall balance -240.1 -253.7 -61.5 73.5 18.1 73.2 114.8 123.9 -150.9 Fmnancing -240 1 -253.7 -61.5 73.5 18.1 73.2 114.8 123.9 -150 9 Change in reserve assets (- increase) -24.4 0.2 -10 3 -42.4 243.0 -16 -110.0 -108.0 127.6 Memo iteims. Current account balance as a % of GDP -7 1 -2.6 -9.5 -6.5 -5.0 -7.4 -4 7 -3 6 -4.0 Source IMF Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbooks 45 Table A4.2: Merchandise exports by volume Unit 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Sheep No 276374 346196 563489 682619 887494 841546 1187753 1230196 1705484 1997775 1237483 Goats No 10113 2671 124 7959 1465 6430 57175 18107 50594 68873 13338 Camels No 208 118 586 11679 14149 17675 27998 23995 92887 57967 29240 Dura Ton 31000 -- 97027 600988 95822 406911 17250 -- 32740 279661 105318 Karkadeh Ton 8251 1882 6055 11388 10862 32209 14548 20267 10636 20445 23530 Cotton cake Ton 1350 -- -- 7179 3500 45047 4628 1909 3495 145 -- Other oil cake Ton 56846 7896 39927 54715 84835 9224 70039 85585 82647 67778 28871 Hides and skins Ton 4822 5202 16308 2548 742 2084 10841 4543 3981 - 10425 Groundnuts Ton 16426 1660 1965 14029 6700 15152 2177 15514 25353 407 10028 Sesame Ton 48859 62874 76258 114558 135384 84802 157404 171830 167208 165477 212784 Melon seeds Ton 30616 28080 36601 13829 27677 34210 88360 57968 31571 32454 39111 Cotton Bale 129921 80082 65931 58563 119607 83768 94093 88395 77542 194548 232841 Gum Arabic Ton 27976 24546 14483 15394 27507 25492 15551 22447 20542 25679 24204 Fruits Ton 2099 6206 19489 6020 5229 5786 8934 7520 7837 6783 17119 Vegetables Ton 1952 76 2320 8192 269 121 776 106 3736 1152 4991 Vegetable oils Ton 30725 6750 5423 13370 26148 54927 14332 55047 44515 2330 8598 Molasses Ton 139539 98943 174935 191632 209074 180382 190587 126860 145488 151347 176074 Crude petroleum Million 13849 49517 barrel - - -- - - - - - Petroleum products Ton - - - _ _ _ _ _ 409000 Source: Central Bureau of Stistics Table A4.3: Merchandise exports by value (million Sudanese Dinar) 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Sheep 30.8 83.4 313.7 727.0 1525.6 2410.8 5601.2 8699.6 13267.4 25875.0 15502.1 Goats 0.3 0.1 0.1 5.5 1.0 6.8 68.5 51.2 281.9 498.4 86.5 Camnels 0.4 0.3 2.8 144.1 226.8 380.0 676.3 633.8 3268.0 2801.7 1362.9 Dura 3.0 - 84.2 654.0 198.5 1648.0 200.6 -- 869.0 7118 1 2588.7 Karkadeh 6.3 4.3 141.7 273.0 266.5 1464.6 1354.0 2487.7 1812.8 4881.4 4604.7 Cotton cake 0.3 - - 9.7 11.0 238.9 54.7 41.6 80.5 4.6 - Otheroilcake 6.0 1.4 38.5 97.1 175.5 40.3 600.0 1649.1 1662.5 1196.8 845.6 Hides and skins 9.0 15.3 135.7 38.3 22.0 128.3 1288.0 557.4 811.9 999.4 1758.5 Groundnuts 3.4 1 6 7.8 104.5 79.8 543.3 92.0 1393.3 2295.2 51.2 1387.8 Sesame 27.4 86.6 419.2 750.0 1489.3 3208.1 10347.1 15627.1 19618.0 32494.6 37611.5 Melon seeds 12 6 22.1 95.4 53 4 178.7 288.5 1648.5 2019.0 1601.7 3266.8 3271.7 Cotton 152.2 179.0 583.7 520.7 2589.1 7328.7 163922 15906.1 18660.5 11330.3 13532.9 Gum Arabic 46.1 58.4 188.8 380.6 1347.3 3439.3 2137.9 3710.2 3476.6 6747.1 5923.8 Fruits 0.7 4 1 55 9 33 3 42 0 69.7 238.8 307.5 430.6 578 6 618 1 Vegetables 2.0 0 1 5 9 23 8 3.2 1.5 18.1 3.1 126.0 30.2 266.9 Vegetable oils 28.5 20.1 55.4 200.7 490 1 3835.0 1049.3 5361.0 6882.3 429.6 1602.6 Molasses 9.1 7.9 46.4 116.2 260.0 523.1 13295 956.1 1136.6 14405 1595.6 Crude petroleum - - - - - - - -- -- 70626.6 317618.4 Petroleum products - - -- -- - -- -- -- - -- 27661 6 Others 14.5 238 338.9 8337 22340 9452.7 108108 17549.1 24411.5 29324.0 27362.4 Total 352.6 508.30 2514.2 4965.6 11146.4 35007.5 53906 9 76952.8 100692.8 199694 8 462517.3 Source Central Bureau of Statistics 46 Table A4.4: Merchandise exports by value (percent of total) 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Sheep 8.7 16.4 125 146 13.7 6.9 10.4 11.3 13.2 13.0 3.4 Goats 0.1 00 0.0 01 00 00 0 1 0.1 03 0.2 0.0 Camels 0.1 O. 0.1 2.9 2.0 1.1 1.3 0.8 3 2 14 0.3 Dura 0.9 -- 3.3 13 2 1.8 4.7 04 -- 09 3 6 0.6 Karkadeh 1.8 08 5.6 5.5 2 4 4 2 2.5 3.2 1 8 2.4 1.0 Cottoncake 0.1 - - 02 0 1 07 01 0.1 0.1 0.0 -- Other oil cake 1.7 03 1.5 2.0 i.6 0.1 1 1 2.1 1.7 0.6 0.2 Hides and skins 2 6 3.0 5.4 08 0.2 0.4 2.4 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.4 Groundnuts 1.0 0.3 0.3 2.1 0.7 1.6 0.2 1.8 2.3 0.0 03 Sesame 7.8 17.0 16.7 15 1 13.4 9.2 19.2 20.3 19.5 16.3 8.1 Melon seeds 3.6 44 3.8 1.1 1.6 0.8 3.1 2.6 1.6 16 0.7 Cotton 43.2 352 23.2 10.5 23.2 20.9 30.4 20.7 18.5 5.7 2.9 GumArabic 13.1 11.5 7.5 77 12.1 98 4.0 48 3.5 3.4 1.3 Fruits 0.2 0.8 2.2 0.7 0.4 0.2 0 4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 Vegetables 0.6 00 0.2 05 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0.1 Vegetable oils 8.1 4.0 2.2 4.0 4.4 11.0 1.9 7.0 6.8 0.2 0.3 Molasses 2.6 1.6 1.8 2.3 2.3 1.5 2.5 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.3 Crude petrleum - - - - - - - - - 35.4 68.7 Petroleum products - - - - - - - - - - 6.0 Others 4.1 4.7 13.5 16.8 20.1 27.0 20.1 22.8 24.2 14.7 5.9 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Souce: Central Bureau of Staistics 47 Table A4.5: Merchandise imports by value (million Sudanese Dinar) 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Wheat & wheat flour 22.5 100.7 255.2 10265 3198.8 81882 9213.8 '16055.7 25823.5 30792.6 53233.2 Dry milk 5.9 2.9 94.8 145.5 226.6 207.3 532.9 2207.6 2794.2 3302.1 3530.2 Lentils 0.9 0.8 113.3 257.8 325.2 357.2 454.9 659.7 1198.5 1371.7 2343.4 Rice 1.4 4.5 20.5 190.2 240.8 466.4 1006.7 1280 9 2760.9 1442.1 2574.8 Coffee 2.3 16.4 55.8 132.8 274.7 286.9 1165.2 1741.5 3052.3 3611.5 3566.3 Tea 7.9 37.1 187.3 433.8 449.6 519.9 2332.6 4609.3 6898.6 9597.1 7343.1 Tobacco 0.3 0.2 18.6 906 559.7 915.1 2190.0 2995.2 2887.2 3939.3 2942.0 Timber 2.4 12.8 63.2 315.2 286.3 630 0 1268.8 1826.9 2631.8 2734.9 3735.0 Organic& inorganicchemicals 3.9 17.1 123.8 329.8 528.9 1021.3 6287.5 11181.3 20239.7 11096.1 8986.9 Fertilizers 12.4 48.2 317.6 678.2 490.5 1476.7 4790.3 7100.5 1833.7 402.7 1891.8 Plastic materials 4.4 20.2 70.1 140.4 302.1 508.1 2221.8 3989.0 8441.5 4874.9 3346.4 Insecticides 15.3 18.2 122.7 174.1 430.7 835.9 11975 916.2 713.1 271.1 1136.9 Petroleum & Petroleum products 158 8 292.3 1937.4 2782.9 8264.5 10938.9 24438.3 41642.8 42344.7 4609.4 27635.5' Iron&steel 18.9 61.4 415.6 1211.3 2118.8 48802 7641.0 13188.1 53757.9 19130.7 16446.7 Jute&sacks 12.9 108 207.0 291.1 941.1 492.5 2025.2 7086.5 6107.4 2686.4 3010.3 Printed matter 2.3 5.4 32.2 42.4 118.9 115.6 143.0 278.9 227.5 578.5 661.0 Tractors 5.5 23.5 328.4 314.0 82.8 228.4 408.3 1833.7 1017.1 701.1 1036.3 Motorcars 20.0 43.8 294.3 380.3 855.1 2805.1 1982.0 4466.0 10669.1 7538.5 9532.9 Lorries& buses 21.1 27.9 1263.2 1225.1 1188.4 2793.2 4398.7 7674.9 17099.5 11389.7 9346.6 Tyres & tubes 3.7 46.2 123.6 187.6 506.4 467.8 1181.7 4049.0 8632.1 4163.7 511.4 Woven cotton fabrics 0.2 0.4 1.0 1.1 9.7 9.4 107.5 148.7 81.3 175.3 268.3 Woven synthetic fabrics 2.7 5.5 28.8 22.7 140.1 237.7 496.3 1731.7 1917.4 1803.1 5170.2 Textile yam & thread 2.9 2.0 21.7 53.0 354.3 299.6 1048.1 1217.4 488.5 381.2 361.0 Madeuparticlesoftextiles 0.5 6.8 48.9 106.4 214.7 1112.0 1111.7 1841.7 4427.7 -- - Agric. Machinery 8.4 14 7 160.4 114.4 156.8 272.5 1169.0 1218.8 1462.9 -- Textile& leather machinery 2.9 2.0 21.7 53.0 354.3 299.6 1048.1 1217.4 488.5 - Machine for special industry 10.4 163589.0 280.4 560.8 728.7 996.4 4610.2 7979.9 18091.4 Non ferrous metals 1 4 4.2 36.9 57.9 105.0 223.3 358.8 1121.4 2721.3 - - Paper & paper board 4.3 28.2 198.9 306.7 534.8 1247.0 2928.7 5565.1 11882.9 5641.0 7574.3 Dyeing, tanning& pigmnent 0.7 2.0 18.9 44.1 99.5 310 5 1134 1 1544.2 1455.5 1389.4 976.6 Other chemical products 1.9 6.1 27.8 89.2 131.1 211.7 611.8 848.6 1447.9 - - Primarycellsbatteries 0.4 3.9 40.6 99.3 115.7 227.9 244.1 698.5 319.7 89.9 - Animal, vegetable oils & fats 7.8 83.3 357.6 968 8 727.4 2851.5 3301.4 3995.5 8453.6 11498.6 5729.3 Railway locomotive parts 2.6 7.5 35.5 44.1 343 68.6 186.1 396.5 348.1 - Others 139.2 388.3 2698.1 6441 2 12262.7 15577.6 39951.8 93746.4 140629.9 - - Total 506.2 1362.1 10007.8 19277.5 37030.5 61794.7 132804.7 257382.1 413421.2 362226.9 397500.9 Source: Central Bureau of Staistics 48 Table A4.6: Merchandize imports by volume (in thousand units) Units 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Wheat& wheat flour Ton 2329 545.7 2171 3238 528.9 692.1 4008 466.2 551.9 549.5 10234 Dry milk Ton 5.2 1 2 4.9 4.9 4 0 1.0 2 1 6 2 5 7 5 1 5.8 Lentils Ton 3.1 1.0 15.5 316 268 135 119 8.9 12.7 11.5 20.9 Rice Ton 52 11.6 67 378 20.4 186 25.4 20.4 35.3 132 281 Coffee Ton 3.3 7 8 4 5 5 2 7.6 3.4 6 3 6.3 8.1 7 9 7 8 Tea Ton 99 18.1 489 17.5 11.2 105 21.3 21.4 21.2 21.4 176 Tobacco Ton 0 1 0 0 0 5 1.1 2 7 3 7 3.9 4 4 3 6 2.4 1 8 Timber Ton 8 8 25 1 19.5 37 3 24.5 28 1 28.7 26 2 30.8 31.8 39 6 Organic & inorganic chemicals Ton 12 4 12.5 26.1 39 5 19.6 22.1 47.9 66 0 95.3 29 0 30 5 Fertilizers Ton 1163 196.5 226.1 2342 101.7 8.5 189.4 1993 54.3 86 406 Plastic materials Ton 7.7 7 7 6 5 7 7 11 2 3 6 11.8 12 0 22.9 17.6 12 8 Insecticides Ton 4.5 1 7 2.1 29 20 1 6 180 3.4 3.9 0.2 0.7 Petroleum&Petroleumnproducts Ton 17296 1651.4 1879.3 1117.6 15770 1332.5 1426.7 1319.5 1205.1 1384.1 4508 Iron & steel Ton 46 9 134.8 125 3 225.3 193.6 227.0 149.9 167.1 461 8 123.4 122 8 Jute & sacks No 50427 5 19557.7 56099.7 57711 5 77872 8 29561 3 46609.1 53712.8 69929.2 19187.4 13215.8 Printed matter Ton 0.8 4 0 1.4 1.1 2.3 2.5 0.9 1.5 0.9 1.0 2.4 Tractors No 0.7 1.3 32 3 1.6 0 3 0 2 0.2 1.2 1.4 0 2 0.8 Motor cars No 4 7 3.7 4.1 2 0 4 5 3 5 1.3 2.1 4.6 5.5 6.5 Lorries & buses No 2 6 1.2 15 8 4.8 3.4 2.2 2 0 2 7 4.4 3.0 3 5 Tyres & tubes No 140.3 652.3 7894 795.5 5480 343.7 14187 973.0 2170.4 587.3 8713 Woven cotton fabncs Ton 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.2 0 3 Woven synthetic fabncs Ton 0 6 0.5 0.6 0 2 0,7 0.7 1.1 6.1 5.2 1.8 5.1 Textile yarn & thread Ton 0 2 0 7 0.4 0 4 0 2 0.1 3.3 1.8 1.2 0.6 0.5 Made up articles of textiles Ton 1.4 1.6 2 7 3.4 4.0 38.1 5 2 6 6 11.7 -- - AgncMachinery Ton 3.5 4.7 3.6 1.7 1 5 1.2 2.1 1.8 3.1 - -- Textile & leather machinery Ton 0.4 0.5 0 4 0.7 2 1 0 6 2 1 2.2 1.1 - Machineforspecialindustry Ton 4.1 2.1 8.0 48 4.9 9.1 4.6 11.0 20.9 - Non ferrous metals Ton 1.7 1.3 2.2 1.9 1.8 4.4 1 4 4.0 8 1 - -- Paper & paper board Ton 9.4 22.9 88.8 39 4 30.8 29 6 27.2 35.3 60.4 24.7 18.9 Dyeing,tanning&pigment Ton 0.9 0.8 1.8 1.8 4.0 1 5 8.8 79 8.7 5.5 7.4 Otherchemical products Ton 1.6 3.3 2.1 3.1 4.7 1 1 1.0 1.5 1.9 - - Primary cells batteries Ton 0.6 1.8 4.6 4.2 2.6 2 2 1.6 2.4 0.6 - - Animal, vegetable oils & fats Ton 25.0 101.8 71.2 173.4 52.5 105.5 73.3 50.1 72.8 83.7 48.7 Railway locomotive parts Ton 2.0 0.7 0.3 0 5 0.5 0.6 0.9 1 4 1.1 - - Source. Central Bureau of Statistics 49 Table A4.7: Net and gross terms of trade 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Value (SDD Million) Exports 229.1 3023 3526 508.3 25142 49656 111464 35007.5 53906.9 769528 100692.8 1996948 4652023 Imports 491.7 526.1 506 2 1362 1 10007 8 19277.5 37030.5 61794.7 132804 7 2573821 413421.2 362226 9 397500 9 Balance of trade -262 6 -223 8 -153.6 -853 8 -7493 6 -14311 9 -25884 1 -26787 2 -78897 8 -180429 3 -312728.4 -162532.1 67701.4 Volume Index Exports 175 1 1489 1000 713 787 1122 1287 114.6 1140 1353 1329 2249 213.1 Imports 1129 102.0 100.0 1093 1172 107.1 1183 752 112.3 1161 142.5 1618 98.6 Gross terms of trade 645 68.5 100.0 1533 148.9 95.5 91.9 656 985 858 107.2 72.0 46.3 Unit value index Exports 18.9 23 5 100 0 196.0 731 5 1085 3 1897.4 5347.6 8276 7 10923 0 10967 0 12788.1 29427 8 Imports 704 78.9 100.0 208.2 1095.2 2394.6 4791 5 9366 1 16863 2 29126.1 348994 314577 397903 Netterms oftrade index 26.8 298 100.0 941 66.8 453 396 57.1 49.1 375 314 40.7 74.0 Source- Central Bureau of Statistics Table A4.8: Destination of exports (percent of total) 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Industrial countries 52 6 36.6 38.7 42.2 46.1 40.2 44.8 38.6 40.3 22 6 27.1 Of which United States 4 3 1.3 1 8 3.4 4 7 2 1 1.5 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.2 France 63 6.5 3.6 5.5 3 0 14 3.2 2.7 12 06 5 3 Germany 5.5 5 4.6 2.7 3.9 3 1 6.9 5.4 2.1 1.5 1.7 Italy 70 9 4.7 7 6 8 0 7.7 9.4 9.9 7.1 3.0 2 0 Japan 11.1 5 65 4.5 62 4.0 37 28 15.7 119 15.1 United Kingdom 5.9 4 9 9.0 7 4 14.3 12.6 11.8 9 7 9 2 3 4 0 7 African countries 5 2 2.5 2.2 42 1.7 28 3 5 3.0 1.5 1 7 0.7 Asian countries 24 7 10.1 7.4 17.4 19.5 17.9 14.4 15 0 24 0 60 4 58 1 Of which China 45 0.1 0 1 6.1 108 68 2.8 0.1 3.6 44.1 48.2 Thailand - 6 0.2 4.6 3.9 76 3.3 2.9 1 0 0.5 04 SouthKorea -- 0.4 0.2 1 7 09 14 3 9 3.2 7 9 5 9 5 7 Taiwan -- 0 1 6 0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 2 01 0.1 1.6 - Middle East countries 156 49 4 40.0 35.1 32.5 37.3 33 8 40.7 32.2 12.9 13.2 Of which. Egypt - 7.4 2.0 07 4.7 6.7 5.6 5 2 5.5 2.3 3.3 Saudi Arabia - 193 252 23.2 19.5 189 187 24.4 18.1 5.1 55 United Arab Emirates -- 0 7 0.7 0.4 1 5 19 1 0 1.7 2.9 2.4 0.6 Libya -- 11 7 4.2 4 5 1.2 0.7 -- 05 0.0 16.6 0 Other countries 7.1 1 4 11.7 1 1 02 1.8 3.5 2 7 20 2.4 0 9 Total 1000 100 1000 1000 1000 1000 100.0 1000 1000 1000 1000 Source Bank of Sudan, Foreign Trade Statistical Digest-several issues 50 Table A4.9: Source of imports (percent of total) 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Industrial countries 37 2 36 44.5 40 6 44 2 38 4 38 2 35 4 43 0 43.7 37.7 Of which United States 1.4 7.9 3 4 3 5 5 0 4 6 4.3 2.3 1.5 2 1 1 1 France 2 3 1.9 3.9 3.7 5.9 5 5 5 0 6.7 8 6 4 0 3 3 Germany 7.0 4.1 2 7 3.7 6.4 4.7 4.4 3 8 5.4 5 2 6 4 Italy 76 3.7 6.7 3 1 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.0 63 8.7 2.6 United Kingdom 7 1 7 8 5.0 11.3 6 1 6.9 6 0 5 3 5.1 7.9 8.1 Japan 4.2 3.5 11.0 3 7 5.7 4.2 3 7 4.5 4.7 3 3 3 8 AfricanCountries 2.6 02 4.4 4 5 4 4 6 7 5 7 4.4 4.8 3 9 4 5 Of which Kenya 2.3 0 1 2 9 1 8 1 6 1 9 1.8 1.7 2 3 2 0 2.4 Asian countries 11.1 11 8 12.8 17.7 17.5 20.6 21.2 25 9 19.1 20 0 25.7 Of which China 3.7 2.1 28 32 3.6 4.3 63 13.8 4.6 66 11.9 South Korea 0 9 0 7 1.4 1 6 6 9 1.6 1 8 1.6 1.7 1.7 2.1 India 1.9 1.4 2.0 20 2 1 3.8 2.8 3 3 4.5 5 0 5.3 Indonesia -- 1.1 2.7 2.0 1.0 11 1 2 1.4 2.2 1 5 1.4 Middle East Countnes 44.3 43.4 30 0 28.9 24 9 22 6 25.4 28 0 24 8 23 3 25.9 Of which Egypt -- 5.2 4 9 6.0 6 1 3.5 3.5 2.9 2.5 2.4 3 4 SaudiArabia -- 213 15.4 160 103 113 131 155 118 100 124 United Arab Emirates -- 6 4 1 0 2.7 4.3 4 7 4 3 4 1 5.5 6 2 7 7 Other countries 4.8 9.3 8 3 8 3 9.0 11 7 9 5 6.3 8.2 9.1 6 2 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1000 1000 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source: Bank of Sudan, Foreign Trade Statistical Digest-several issues 51 Table A4.10:1External reserves (million US$) 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Total reserves minus gold 17.0 20.5 16.6 17.2 12.2 58.5 11.7 12.1 15 9 11.4 SDRs 0.6 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Reserve in IMF - -- -- - -- -- - -- -- Foreign exchange 16.4 20.5 16.5 17.2 122 58.5 11:7 12.1 15.9 11 4 Monetary authorities Other liabilities 898.3 873.9 1520.2 1614.7 1180.0 1308.7 1016.3 1703.6 1809.5 2400.6 Deposit Money Banks Assets 309.5 289.2 409.4 512.7 618 1 493.9 354.5 500.2 539.8 616.9 Liabilities 146.8 122.0 117.2 136.7 215.5 165.9 137.5 136.2 134.4 154.6 Source- Bank of Sudan Table 4.10 (cont'd) 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Total reserves minus gold 7.6 27.5 37.4 78.1 163.4 106.8 81.6 90.6 188.7 247.3 SDRs _ Reserve in IMF --- - - - -- - -- - Foreign exchange 7.6 27.5 37.4 78.1 163.4 106.8 81.6 90.6 188.7 247.3 Monetary authorities Other liabilities 1340.4 2165.8 2288 2471 8 3407.1 2549.9 2464.4 2538.9 2618.8 2640.2 Deposit Money Banks Assets 599.5 322 447.7 270.1 320.5 206.9 258.4 268.8 266.1 286.2 Liabilities 106.6 70.1 38.8 37.8 53.5 29.7 25.6 19.9 13.4 14.8 Source: Bank of Sudan 52 APPENDIX 5. DEBT 53 Table A5.1: External debt (million US$) 1970 1980 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Total debt stocks 385 5163 7600 8612 9127 9870 11563 11934 13844 14762 Long term debt 294 4147 6082 6435 6846 7366 8415 8376 8965 9651 Public & publicly guaranteed -- 3822 5838 6191 6602 7122 8043 8002 8469 9155 Private nonguaranteed -- 325 244 244 244 244 372 374 496 496 Use of IMF credit 31 431 698 664 739 823 954 905 884 956 Short term debt 61 599 821 1513 1543 1681 2193 2680 4045 4155 of which interest arrears on LT debt - 63 381 615 899 1229 1788 2253 3595 3705 Disbursements 47 921 674 328 101 210 201 382 236 185 Long term debt 47 711 477 281 101 210 201 382 236 185 IMF purchases 0 210 196 47 0 0 0 0 0 0 Principal repayments 29 131 84 76 21 151 42 58 45 16 Long term debt 21 53 40 41 16 151 42 58 45 15 IMF repurchases 8 78 44 35 5 0 0 0 0 1 Net flows on debt 79 839 589 252 -174 -133 113 346 214 169 Of which Long term debt iMF Of which short-term debt - 50 - - -254 -192 -47 22 23 0 Interest payments 13 133 142 96 128 96 55 121 50 34 Long term Debt 12 49 38 23 73 47 21 20 11 9 IMF charges 0 14 45 25 35 22 14 0 14 0 Short term debt 1 70 59 47 20 27 20 100 25 25 Net transfers on debt 66 707 447 156 -302 -229 58 225 164 135 Long term debt IMF Short term debt (interest only) Memo items: Total debt service paid - 264 226 172 149 247 97 179 96 50 Long term debt 33 102 78 64 89 198 63 78 57 23 IMF repurchase & charges -- 92 89 61 40 22 14 0 14 1 Short term debt 1 70 59 47 20 27 20 100 25 25 Souce. World Debt Tables 55 Table A5.1: cont'd. 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total external liabilities 20521 20798 Total debt stocks 15834 16085 15837 16918 17603 16972 16326 16843 16132 15741 15348 Long term debt 9716 9480 9490 9896 10275 9865 9494 9722 9348 9143 8985 Public & publicly guaranteed - 8984 8994 9400 9779 9369 8998 9226 8852 8647 8489 Private nonguaranteed -- 496 496 496 496 496 496 496 496 496 496 Use of IMF credit 961 924 923 980 960 893 797 772 715 625 551 Short term debt 5157 5682 5424 6042 6368 6214 6035 6349 6069 5974 5811 of which interest arrears on LT debt -- 5054 4796 5414 5737 5683 5624 5893 5761 5703 5670 Disbursements 128 108 101 12 51 17 5 0 0 0 0 Longtermdebt 128 108 101 12 51 17 5 0 0 0 0 IMF purchases Principal repayments 12 14 9 3 54 36 42 59 44 59 54 Longterndebt 12 14 9 3 15 0 0 1 6 4 2 -IMF repurchases 0 0 0 0 39 36 42 -57 38 54 52 Netflowsondebt 116 272 91 9 0 -119 -157 -13 -191 -97 -183 Of which Long term debt IMF 0 0 0 0 -39 -36 :42 -57 -38 -54 -52 Ofwhichshort-termdebt -- 178 0 0 3 -100 -120 45 -147 -39 -129 Interest payments 10 13 11 1 15 12 15 .3 13 2 2 LongtermDebt 10 11 8 0 2 0 0 2 7 2 1 MF charges 0 2 3 0 13 12 15 1 7 0 1 Short term debt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nettransfersondebt 556 259 80 9 -15 -131 -173 -16 -204 -100 -185 Long term debt 106 83 83 9 34 17 4 -3 -12 -7 -3 IMF 0 -2 -3 0 -52 -48 -57 -58 -44 -54 -53 Short term debt (interest only) Memo items: Total debt service paid -- 27 20 3 69 48 58 61 57 61 56 Longtermdebt 22 25 17 3 17 0 0 3 12 7 3 IMF repurchase & charges -- 2 3 0 52 48 57 58 44 54 53 Short term debt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Source World Debt Tables 56 Table A5.2: Long term debt, disbursements and un-disbursed debt (million US$) 1970 1980 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Debt outstanding & disbursed (DOD) -- 4147 6082 6435 6846 7366 8415 8377 8965 9651 Multilateral 104 634 814 883 961 1073 1235 1374 1480 1723 IDA 12 190 394 471 517 597 688 796 871 1028 IBRD 91 46 45 41 43 46 49 37 28 19 Bilateral 157 2659 4163 4314 4547 4721 5131 5198 5597 5777 Private creditors 38 529 861 994 1093 1327 1677 1430 1392 1655 Bonds 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Commercial banks 27 298 850 985 1084 1323 1673 1426 1388 1651 Suppliers 9 231 11 9 9 4 4 4 4 4 Private nonguaranteed 0 325 244 244 244 244 372 374 496 496 Bonds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Commercial banks 0 325 244 244 244 244 372 374 496 496 Disbursements 53 711 477 281 101 210 201 382 237 185 Multilateral 15 189 142 112 42 147 101 202 150 185 IDA 0 37 56 82 38 67 62 123 85 121 IBRD 15 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bilateral 35 377 335 169 59 63 100 181 87 0 Private creditors 2 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bonds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Commercial banks 0 108 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private nonguaranteed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bonds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Conunercial banks 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Undisbursed debt 124 1310 782 751 864 1055 1428 1440 1383 1284 Public & publicly guaranteed - 1310 782 751 864 1055 1428 1440 1383 1284 Official creditors 119 1167 782 751 864 1055 1428 1440 1383 1284 Private creditors 5 143 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Source: World Debt Tables. 57 Table A5.2cont'd. 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Debt outstanding & disbursed (DOD) 9716 9480 9490 9896 10275 9865 9494 9722 9348 9143 8985 Multilateral 1855 1889 1959 2064 2133 2084 2001 2051 2011 1946 1900 IDA 1105 1133 1205 1251 1272 1244 1198 1226 1208 1167 1137 IBRD 15 9 6 6 6 6 6 6 3 1 0 Bilateral 5782 5618 5582 5701 5787 5692 5521 5615 5494 5383 5304 Private creditors 1583 1476 1453 1635 1859 1594 1477 1559 1347 1317 1286 Bonds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Commercial banks 1579 1472 1449 1631 1855 1590 1473 1555 1343 1313 1282 Suppliers 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Private nonguaranteed 496 496 496 496 496 496 496 496 496 496 496 Bonds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Commercial banks 496 496 496 496 496 496 496 496 496 496 496 Disbursements 128 108 101 12 51 17 5 0 0 0 0 Multilateral 128 108 101 12 51 17 5 0 0 0 0 IDA 76 61 74 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 IBRD 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bilateral 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private creditors 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bonds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Commercial banks 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private nonguaranteed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bonds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Commercialbanks 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Undisbursed debt 1028 908 801 678 634 583 561 540 23 22 1 Public & publicly guaranteed 1028 908 801 678 634 583 561 540 23 22 1 Official creditors 1028 908 801 678 634 583 561 540 23 22 1 Private creditors 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Source: World Debt Tables. 58 Table A5.3: External public debt service payments by creditor (million US$) 1970 1980 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Principal repayments 21 53 40 41 16 151 42 58 45 14 12 14 9 3 15 0 0 1 6 4 2 Multilateral 4 15 29 24 8 79 24 24 28 14 12 14 9 3 15 0 0 1 6 4 2 IDA 0 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 6 6 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 IBRD 4 4 5 4 5 4 6 8 8 10 5 5 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 0 Bilateral 12 32 10 16 8 67 18 34 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pnvate creditors 5 7 2 1 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bonds 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Conunercial banks 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Suppliers - -- - - - - -- -- -- - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other pnvate 1 3 2 -- 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private nonguaranteed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bonds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Conimercial banks 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Interestpayments 12 49 38 23 73 47 21 20 11 9 10 11 8 0 2 0 0 2 7 2 1 Public&publiclyguaranteed 12 49 38 23 73 47 21 20 11 9 10 11 8 0 2 0 0 2 7 2 1 Official creditors 10 44 7 23 32 45 21 20 11 9 10 11 8 0 2 0 0 2 7 2 1 Multilateral 5 8 6 11 8 24 10 15 10 9 10 11 8 0 2 0 0 2 7 2 1 IDA 0 1 3 3 4 4 6 7 6 6 8 8 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 IBRD 5 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Bilateral 5 35 2 12 24 21 11 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Private creditors 2 5 30 0 41 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bonds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Conumercial banks 2 2 30 0 41 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other private 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private nonguaranteed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bonds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Commercial banks 2 2 30 0 41 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Source: World Debt Tables 59 Table A5.4: Average terms of new commitments on debt 1970 1980 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 All creditors Interestrate(%) 1 8 5.7 2.7 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Maturity (Years) 17 2 17 9 29.2 37 37 31 19 34 38 49 35 20 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Grace period (years) 8 7 4 6 9 9 9 7 5 8 10 10 9 5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Grant element (%/6) 54.6 30 2 53.1 64 61 62 43 63 76 83 77 12 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Official creditors Interest rate (%) 1.5 3.7 2.7 2 3 2 2 2 1 0.8 0 8 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Maturity(Years) 17.7 22.7 29.2 37 37 31 19 34 38 49 35 20 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Grace period years) 9.1 5.9 9 9 9 7 5 8 10 10 9 5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Grantelement(%) 57.1 40.8 53.1 64 61 62 43 63 76 830 77 12 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Commitments 97 905 - -- - -- 468 483 216 35 7 39 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Official creditors 91 687 - -- -- 468 483 216 35 61 39 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Private creditors 6 218 -- -- -- -- 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA. NA Source- World Debt Tables 60 Table A5.5: Net flows and transfers on debt and debt service (million US$) 1970 1980 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Net flows 26 658 437 241 85 59 160 324 191 171 Public & publicly guaranteed -- 658 437 241 85 59 160 324 191 171 Official creditors 29 520 439 241 85 64 160 324 191 171 Multilateral 11 174 113 88 33 68 77 177 122 171 IDA 0 37 54 81 36 65 60 120 81 117 [BRD I 1 -3 -2 -4 -5 -4 -6 -8 -8 -10 Bilateral 19 346 325 153 51 -5 83 147 69 0 Private creditors -3 138 -2 -I 0 -5 0 0 0 0 Commercial banks -3 104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other private 1 33 -2 0 0 -5 0 0 0 0 Net transfers 14 609 399 217 12 12 139 304 180 162 Public&publiclyguaranteed - 609 399 217 12 12 139 304 180 162 Official creditors 20 476 431 218 53 18 139 304 180 162 Multilateral 6 166 108 77 26 44 139 304 180 162 IDA 0 35 51 78 32 60 8 9 9 10 IBRD 6 -7 -5 -7 -7 -7 8 11 10 11 Bilateral 14 310 323 141 27 -26 29 39 19 0 Private creditors -5 133 -32 -1 41 -7 0 0 0 0 Commercial banks -5 102 -30 -1 41 0 0 0 0 0 Other private 1 31 -2 0 0 -7 0 0 0 0 Debt service 33 102 78 64 89 198 63 78 57 23 Public & publicly guaranteed - 102 78 64 89 198 63 78 57 23 Official creditors 26 90 46 63 48 192 63 78 57 23 Multilateral 9 23 34 35 16 103 34 39 38 23 IDA 0 1 5 4 6 7 8 9 9 10 IBRD 9 8 7 7 7 7 8 11 10 11 Bilateral 17 67 11 28 32 89 29 39 19 0 Private creditors 7 12 32 1 41 7 0 0 0 0 Commercial banks 5 6 30 1 41 0 0 0 0 0 Other private I 6 2 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 Source. World Debt Tables 61 Table A5.5 cont'd. 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Net flows 116 94 91 9 36 17 5 -1 -6 -4 -2 Public & publicly guaranteed -- 94 91 9 36 17 5 -1 -6 -4 -2 Official creditors 116 94 91 9 36 17 5 -I -6 -4 -2 Multilateral 116 94 91 9 36 17 5 -I -6 -4 -2 IDA 71 55 70 8 0 0 0 0 0 -2 -I IBRD -5 -5 -3 0 0 0 0 0 -3 -2 0 Bilateral 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private creditors 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other private 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private nonguaranteed - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Net transfers 106 83 83 9 34 17 4 -3 -12 -7 -3 Public & publicly guaranteed - 83 83 9 34 17 4 -3 -12 -7 -3 Official creditors 106 83 83 9 34 17 4 -3 -12 -7 -3 Multilateral 106 83 83 9 34 17 4 -3 -12 -7 -3 IDA 62 47 64 8 0 0 0 0 0 -4 -2 IBRD -6 -6 -4 0 0 0 0 0 -4 -3 -I Bilateral 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Privatecreditors 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other private 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private nonguaranteed - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Debt service 22 25 17 3 17 0 0 3 12 7 3 Public&publiclyguaranteed - 25 17 3 17 0 0 3 12 7 3 Official creditors 22 25 17 3 17 0 0 3 12 7 3 Multilateral 22 25 17 3 17 0 0 3 12 7 3 IDA 14 14 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 IBRD 6 6 4 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 1 Bilateral 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private creditors 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other private 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private nonguaranteed - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Source: World Debt Tables 62 Table A5.6: Foreign currency obligations as of December 31, 2001 (million US$) Principal amounts drawn down and outstanding Contractual interest Delay interest Total obligations Multilateral 2907 908 362 4177 Of which Overdue 1080 908 362 2350 Non-Paris club bilateral 3393 1093 2493 6979 Of which Overdue 2786 1093 2493 6372 Paris club bilateral 2277 1371 2427 6075 Of which Overdue 1850 1371 2427 5648 Foreign conmnercial banks 1524 1083 - 2607 Of which Overdue 1522 1083 2605 Foreign suppliers 683 --- 683 Of which Overdue 683 - 683 Total 10784 4455 5282 20521 Of which Overdue 7921 4455 5282 17658 Source External debt management unit, Bank of Sudan, Khartoum, September 2001 Table A5.7: Debt obligations falling due between 2001 and 2005 (million US$) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Principal Interest Total Principal Interest Total Principal Interest Total Principal Interest Total Principal Interest Total Multilateral 52 27 79 54 26 79 55 25 79 55 25 80 66 24 89 Non-Paris club bilateral 23 4 27 67 16 83 66 14 80 69 11 S0 92 9 101 Paris club bilateral 29 18 47 28 17 45 28 16 44 45 27 72 45 25 70 Foreign cornrnercial banks 3 0 3 -- - - - Total 107 49 156 149 59 207 149 55 203 169 63 232 203 58 260 Source External debt management unit, Bank of Sudan, Khartoum, September 2001 Table A5.8: Obligations to IMF (million US$) 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Use of fund credit 980 980 980 980 980 942 838 832 753 679 603 Purchases 980 980 980 980 942 906 797 773 714 625 552 Debtserviceobligations 1667 1670 1675 1679 1697 1721 1571 1614 1552 1451 1372 Repurchases -- 0 -- -- 38 36 40 59 38 53 52 Charges 687 690 695 699 755 815 773 841 838 826 821 Net use of fund credit 980 980 980 980 942 906 797 773 714 625 552 Source External debt managenent unt, Bank of Sudan, Khartoum, September 2001 63 APPENDIX 6. GOVERNMENT FINANCE 64 Table A6.1: Federal government budget (1981182-2002) 1981/82 1982/83 1983/84 1984/85 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91 1991/92 Billion Sudanese Dinar Total revenue 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.5 3.4 Tax revenue 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.0 2.3 Non-tax revenue 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0 1 0.2 0.6 1.1 Total expenditures (excluding interest arrears) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.0 1.6 2.3 3.5 11.8 Current expenditures 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.4 1.6 2.4 8.9 Wages and salaries - - - - - - 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 Other -- -- - - - - 0.8 1.3 1.5 2.3 8.8 Capital expenditures 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4 Govemment savings 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.4 -0.8 -0.7 -0.9 -5.5 Percent of GDP Total revenue 12.7 13.3 12.5 9.7 8.7 9.2 10.0 8.6 8.1 8.1 8.4 Tax revenue 10.6 11.3 10.6 8.4 7.8 5.9 7.4 6.7 6.5 5.0 5.6 Non-tax revenue 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.3 0.9 3.2 2.6 1.9 1.6 3.1 2.8 Total expenditures (excluding interest arrears) 21.2 19.1 21.3 24.7 20.4 20.6 23.8 22 1 22.3 18.3 29.3 Current expenditures 16.3 14.5 16.7 21.3 18 5 16.4 19.8 19.5 15.2 12.6 22.0 Wages and salaries - - - - - - 1.0 1.5 0.8 0.5 0.4 Other - - - - - - 18.8 17.9 - 12.1 21.6 Capital expenditures 4.9 4.6 4.6 3.4 1.9 4.0 4.0 2.6 1.2 0.8 0.9 Govermment savings -3.6 -1.2 -4.2 -11.7 -9.8 -7.3 -9.8 -10.9 -7.1 -4.5 -13.6 Source: Ministry of Finance and Economy Sudanese pounds have been converted to Sudanese dinars. 65 Table A6. 1 cont'd. 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002* Billion Sudanese Dinar Total revenue 7.8 13.2 28.5 36.5 63.0 107.3 156.8 205.5 326.3 367 0 484.3 Tax revenue 5.7 10.7 21.2 28.9 53.3 90.9 126.4 153.3 157.4 187.9 243.5 Non-tax revenue 2.2 2.5 7.3 7.7 9.7 16.4 30.4 52.2 169.0 179 1 240.8 Total expenditures (excluding interest arrears) 13.5 18.0 33.8 44.3 78.3 119.1 170.9 227.2 349.8 411.0 595.6 Current expenditures 9.2 15.1 27.8 37.6 72.7 109.8 155 3 195.0 275.3 332.3 461.0 Wages and salaries 1.4 3.3 4.9 6.0 22.0 37.5 57.3 80.4 96.6 125.1 157.9 Other 7.8 11.8 22.9 31.6 50.7 72.3 980 114.6 178.7 207.2 303.1 Capital expenditures 4.3 2.9 6.0 6.7 5.6 9 3 15.6 32.2 74.5 78.7 134.6 Government savings -1.4 -1.9 0.7 -1.1 -9.7 -2.5 1.5 10.5 51.0 34.7 23.3 Percent of GDP Total revenue 9.4 7.0 5.2 8.7 6.0 6.4 7.8 8.4 11.4 11.3 13.4 Tax revenue 6.8 5.7 3.8 6.9 5.6 5.4 6.3 6.3 5.5 5.8 6.7 Non-tax revenue 2.6 1 3 1.3 1.8 0.9 1.0 1.5 2.1 5.9 5.5 6.7 Total expenditures (excluding interest arrears) 15.4 9.6 6 1 10.6 7 4 7.1 8.5 9 3 12.2 12.7 16.5 Current expenditures 9.7 8.0 5.0 9.0 6.9 6.5 7.7 8.0 9.6 10.2 12 8 Wages and salaries 1.5 1.8 0.9 1.4 2.1 2.2 2.9 3.3 3.4 3.9 4.4 Other 8.2 6.3 4.1 7.6 4.8 4.3 4.9 4.7 6 2 6.4 8.4 Capital expenditures 4.5 1.5 1.1 1.6 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.3 2.6 2.4 3.7 Government savings -1.7 -1.0 0.1 -0.3 -0.9 -0.1 0.1 0.4 1.8 1.1 0.6 Source: Ministry of Finance and Economy Sudanese pounds have been converted to Sudanese dinars *Estimate 66 Table A6.2: Federal government revenue (million Sudanese Dinar) 1981/82 1982/83 1983/84 1984/85 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91 Total revenue 89.5 1272 147.4 148 5 201 1 2742 401.6 630.6 830.0 1540.0 Taxrevenue 74.5 108.1 124.6 128.5 180.5 177.7 297.9 491.3 670.0 960.0 Indirect taxes 59.8 87.1 98.1 97.7 141 8 130.5 233.5 400.9 520.0 7000 Sales tax** 0.4 0.7 0.7 -- -- - -- -- 100.0 100 0 Import duties 34.9 53.7 55.0 744 110.3 94.6 166.1 232.2 270.0 2800 Excise duties 8.1 8.9 11.2 5.3 28 1 27.7 41.4 1163 180.0 190.0 Export duties& royalties 3.1 2.2 2.4 1.9 34 81 7.6 9.1 10.0 10.0 Consumption tax* 6.5 12.1 14.6 14.8 -- - 18.4 413 40.0 700 Direct taxes 14.4 20.3 25.9 30.1 35.1 48.0 61.5 88.2 140.0 240.0 Personal Income taxes 5.1 5.6 4.8 26 26 8.8 10.0 11.1 30.0 30.0 Corporate mcome tax 7.8 12.2 17.8 22.8 28.2 28.1 34.4 56.0 100.0 170.0 Sudanese working abroad 0.8 1.4 2.1 4.0 5.1 4 5 8.3 8.1 10.0 10.0 Other tax 0.6 1.0 1.1 0.7 1.2 8 4 8.8 15.0 - 20.0 Development tax 2.7 3.6 4.7 -- -- -- -- - 0.0 0.0 Other taxes 0.4 0.6 0.7 2.8 3.6 1.2 2.9 4 2 10.0 20.0 VAT** Non tax revenue 14.9 19.1 22.7 20.0 20.4 98.6 105.7 138.3 160.0 580.0 Proceeds from Govt enterprises, interest, rent& dividend 3.3 4.7 8.8 3.3 2.0 155 17.4 17.1 10.0 300 Fees & charges on public services 7.6 10.2 10.7 9.5 12.3 17.1 24.0 31.1 60.0 130.0 Conunodity price differentials -- - - -- - 49 6 42.8 49.5 10.0 250.0 Proceeds from sales of public enterprises & land 0.07 1.0 0.3 0.5 1.0 1 0 - 2.1 -- -- Pension contribution 2.4 3.1 4 3 3.9 2.8 10.5 17.8 29.0 40.0 50.0 Oil revenue - - -- -- - -- - -- - -- Loan repayments -- - -- - - 0.6 0.6 2.8 - - Others 1.6 0.07 0.6 2.8 2.3 2.1 1.3 7.7 20.0 70.0 rConsumption tax and Defense tax have been used interchangeably :VAT was introduced in 2000 Source: Ministry of Finance and National Economy and IMF estimates 67 Table A6.2 cont'd. 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Total revenue 3400.0 7900.0 13190.0 28500.0 36500.0 63000.0 107300.0 156900.0 206700.0 323305.9 Tax revenue 2270.0 5720.0 10650.0 21230.0 28870.0 53300.0 90900.0 126400.0 153300.0 157505.9 Indirect taxes 1630.0 3510.0 6570.0 12900.0 175700.0 35500.0 692000.0 952000.0 117200.0 103905.4 Sales tax** 200.0 240.0 1080 0 1000.0 1000.0 700.0 0.0 4600.0 8100.0 3400 0 Import duties 550.0 1340.0 1690.0 4210.0 6020.0 16739.2 24300.0 35500.0 53800.0 51200.0 Excise duties 280.0 990.0 1770.0 4410.0 5980.0 7100.0 21000.0 21300.0 24700.0 30900.0 Export duties & royalties 60.0 270.0 390.0 720.0 810.0 2100.0 3300.0 1200 0 1800 0 200.0 Consumption tax* 480.0 590.0 1340.0 2420.0 3230.0 6280.0 9900.0 17100.0 18400.0 9400.0 Direct taxes 570.0 2070.0 37900 75100 10490.0 17810.0 21893.4 31204.1 36100.0 37500.0 Personal Income taxes 50.0 90.0 130.0 430.0 710.0 1400.0 2100.0 4100.0 3000.0 5300.0 Corporate income tax 440.0 1640 0 3020.0 6470.0 8360.0 9500.0 6200.0 8700.0 22900.0 22900.0 Sudanese working abroad 40.0 70.0 420.0 500.0 1020.0 2110.0 4110.0 4700.0 5400.0 2700.0 Othertax 50.0 270.0 220.0 110.0 370.0 4500.0 9100.0 13000.0 3900.0 4700.0 Development tax 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.0 300.0 383.4 704.1 900.0 1900.0 Othertaxes 70.0 140.0 290.0 820.0 810.0 0.0 00 0.0 0.0 0.0 VAT** - -- - - - - -- - - 16100.5 Non tax revenue 1130.0 2180.0 2540.0 7290.0 7670.0 9700.0 16400.0 30400.0 53400.0 165800.0 Proceeds from Govt enterprises, interest, rent& dividend 30.0 150.0 510.0 520.0 930.0 3000.0 5500.0 8000.0 14100.0 15700.0 Fees & charges on public services 380.0 80.0 250.0 460.0 4530.0 5700.0 6300.0 9500.0 9400.0 9200.0 Commodity price differentials 410.0 610.0 750.0 4230.0 930.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 . 0.0 Proceeds from sales of public enterprises & land - 190.0 140.0 1040.0 400.0 300.0 100.0 - - - Pension contribution - - - - - - - - - Oil revenue - - - - 1400.0 1200.0 15700.0 140900.0 Loan repayments - - 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Others 230.0 1070.0 860.0 960.0 540.0 600.0 4500.0 12900.0 14200.0 -- Consumption tax and Defense tax have been used interchangeably :.VAT was introduced in 2000 Source: Ministry of Finance and National Economy and IMF estimates 68 Table A6.3: Federal revenue decomposed (percent of total federal revenue) 1981/82 1982/83 1983/84 1984/85 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91 Total revenue 100.0 100.0 100 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 0 100 0 Tax revenue 83 2 85.0 84.5 86.5 89 8 64 8 74 2 77.9 80 7 62.3 Indirect taxes 66.8 68.5 66.6 65.8 70 5 47 6 58 1 63.6 62.7 45 5 Sales tax 0.4 0.6 0.5 -- -- -- -- -- 12 0 6.5 Import duties 39 0 42.2 37.3 50.1 54 8 34.5 41.4 36.8 32 5 18.2 Excise duties 9.1 7 0 7.6 3.6 14.0 10 1 10.3 18.4 21.7 12.3 Export duties & royalties 3.5 1.7 1.6 1.3 1 7 3.0 1 9 1.4 1.2 0.6 Consumption tax 7.3 9.5 9.9 10.0 -- -- 4.6 6.5 4 8 4.5 Direct taxes 16.1 16.0 17.6 20.3 17 5 17.5 15.3 14.0 16.9 15.6 Personal Income taxes 5 7 4.4 3.3 1.8 1.3 3.2 2 5 1 8 3.6 1.9 Corporate income tax 8 7 9.6 12.1 15.4 14.0 10.2 8.6 8 9 12.0 11.0 Sudanese working abroad 0.9 1.1 1.4 2.7 2.5 1.6 2.1 1.3 1.2 0.6 Other tax 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 3.1 2.2 2.4 0.0 1.3 Development tax 3.0 2.8 3.2 -- - - - - 0.0 0.0 Other taxes 0.4 0.5 0 5 1.9 1.8 0.4 0.7 0.7 1.2 1.3 VAT - -- -- -- - - - - - - Non tax revenue 16.6 15.0 15.4 13.5 10.1 36.0 26.3 21.9 19.3 37.7 Proceeds from Govt- enterpnses, interest, rent & dividend 3.7 3.7 6.0 2.2 1.0 5.7 4.3 2.7 1.2 1.9 Fees & charges on public services 8.5 8.0 7.3 6:4 6.1 6.2 6.0 4.9 7.2 8.4 Comrnodity price differentials -- - - -- -- 18.1 10.7 7.8 1.2 16.2 Proceeds from sales of public enterprises & land 0.1 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.4 -- 0.3 - - Pension contribution 2.7 2 4 2.9 2 6 1.4 3.8 4.4 4.6 4.8 3.2 Oil revenue -- - - - - - - - -- - Loan.repayments - - - -- - 0.2 0.1 0.4 - - Others 1.8 0.1 0.4 1 9 1.1 0.8 0.3 1.2 2.4 4.5 Percent of GDP Total revenue 12.7 13.3 12.5 9.7 9.9 7.5 8.6 7.6 8.1 8.1 Taxrevenue 10.6 11.3 10.6 8.4 8.9 4.9 6.4 6.0 6.6 5.0 Non tax revenue 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.3 1.0 2.7 2.3 1.7 1.5 3.1 Source: Calculated from table 6.2 69 Table A6.3 cont'd. 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Total revenue 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Tax revenue 66.8 72.4 80.7 74.5 79 1 84.6 84.7 80.6 74.2 48.7 Indirect taxes 47.9 44.4 49.8 45.3 48.6 56.3 54 5 60 8 56.7 32.1 Sales tax 5.9 3.0 8.2 3.5 2.7 1.1 0.0 2.9 3.9 1.1 Import duties 16.2 17.0 12.8 14.8 16.5 26.6 22.6 22 6 26.0 15.8 Excise duties 8.2 12.5 13.4 15.5 16.4 11.3 19.6 13.6 11.9 9.6 Export duties & royalties 1.8 3.4 3 0 2.5 2 2 3.3 3 1 0.8 0.9 0.1 Consumption tax 14.1 7.5 10.2 8.5 8.8 10.0 9.2 10.9 8.9 2.9 Direct taxes 16.8 26.2 28 7 26.4 28.7 28 3 20.4 19.9 17 5 11.6 Personal Income taxes 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.5 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.6 1.5 1.6 Corporate income tax 12.9 20.8 22.9 22.7 22.9 15.1 5.8 5.5 11.1 7.1 Sudanese working abroad 1.2 0.9 3.2 1 8 2.8 3.3 3.8 3.0 2.6 0.8 Other tax 1.5 3.4 1.7 0.4 1.0 7.1 8.5 8.3 1.9 1.5 Development tax 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 06 Other taxes 2.1 1.8 2.2 2 9 2.2 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 VAT -- -- -- -- - - Non tax revenue 33.2 27.6 19.3 25.6 21.0 15.4 15.3 19.4 258 51.3 Proceeds from Govt. enterprises, interest, rent & dividend 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fees&chargesonpublicservices 09 1.9 3.9 1.8 2.5 4.8 5.1 5.1 6.8 4.9 Commodity price differentials 11.2 1.0 1 9 1.6 12.4 90 5.9 6.1 4.5 2.8 Proceeds from sales of public enterprises & land 12 1 7.7 5.7 14.8 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pension contribution -- 2 4 1.1 3.6 1.1 0.5 0.1 -- - -- Oil revenue -- -- - -- -- -- 1.3 0.8 7.6 43.6 Loan repayments -- -- 0.8 0.4 0.3 0 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Others 6.8 13.5 6.5 3.4 1.5 1.0 4.2 8.2 6.9 0.0 Percent of GDP Total revenue 8.4 9.4 7.8 9.4 8.3 6.3 6.6 7.9 8.5 11.2 Tax revenue 5.6 6.8 6 3 7.0 6 5 5.4 5.6 6.4 6.3 5.4 Non tax revenue 2.8 2.6 1 5 2.4 1.7 1.0 1.0 1.5 2.2 5.7 Source: Calculated from table 6 2 70 Table A6.4: Actual performance of states' expenditure and revenue (million Sudanese Dinar) No. Particulars Fiscal Chapter One Chapter Two Total current Development Total Total revenue Revenue as a Revenue as a year expenditure expenditure expenditure percentage of percentage of total current wages and salaries expenditure I Nile State 1996 432.3 349.7 782.1 117.9 899.9 681.4 87.1 157.6 1997 750.9 631.7 1382.6 368.5 1751.1 1416.5 102.4 188.6 1998 1116.7 884.8 2001.5 737.0 2738.4 2201.5 109.9 197.1 1999 1281.1 951.2 2232.3 823.6 3056.0 2488.5 111.5 194.2 2000 2009.7 1056.7 3066.4 1305.9 4372.4 2910.9 94.9 144.8 2001 2865.1 1788.0 4653.1 659.6 5312.6 2536.1 54.5 88.5 2 Northem 1996 409.8 516.4 926.2 6.1 932.3 526.6 56.8 128.5 Darfur 1997 603.6 766.7 1370.3 21.3 1391.6 927.1 67.7 153.6 State 1998 794.1 1086.1 1880.2 29.6 1909.8 1206.8 64.2 151.9 1999 1450.0 1347.2 2797.2 64.0 2861.1 1939.8 69.3 133.8 2000 1274.3 1612.3 2886.6 12.8 2899.4 1483.4 51.4 116.4 3 Northem 1996 458.8 325.0 783.8 3.4 787.2 536.0 68.4 116.8 State 1997 574.3 594.8 1169.0 NA 1169.0 888.6 76.0 154.7 1998 802.8 755.3 1558.1 26.8 1585.0 1087.4 69.8 135.4 1999 1185.0 850.2 2035.1 NA 2035.1 1394.9 68.5 117.7 2000 1404.3 815.7 2220.0 96.5 2316.5 1309.6 58.9 93.2 4 Red Sea 1996 274.1 298.2 572.4 392.6 964.9 977.4 170.8 356.5 State 1997 402.3 840.5 1242.8 48.8 1291.6 1518.0 122.1 377.3 1998 637.5 1187.5 1825.0 141.8 1966.8 3470.7 190.1 544.5 1999 1151.5 2347.8 3499.2 294.2 3793.5 3233.1 92.4 280.8 2000 1316.9 2099.6 3416.5 288.5 3705.0 3547.7 103.8 269.4 Source: Minisby of Finamce and Ntional Ecoiomy, National Accounts Dirctoae General 71 Table A6.4 cont'd. No. Particulars Fiscal Chapter One Chapter Two Total current Development Total Total own Own revenues as a Own revenue as year expenditure expenditure expenditure revenue percent of total current a percent of expenditure wages and salaries 5 Blue Nile 1996 122 4 349.9 472 3 95.2 56.5 606.3 128.4 495.4 State 1997 226.7 821.9 1048 6 440.3 1092.9 941.5 89.8 415.3 1998 314 3 605.4 919.7 59.0 978.7 951.5 103.5 302.7 1999 425.3 507.5 932 8 25.9 958.7 889.5 95.4 209.2 2000 669.9 744.9 1414 8 30.8 1445.6 903.3 63.8 134.8 6 Kassala 1996 428.0 424.1 852.1 54 1 906.2 766.8 900 179.2 State 1997 586.0 931.1 1517.1 114.3 1631.5 1549.2 102 1 264.4 1998 819 6 1376.7 2196.2 162.1 2358.3 2191.5 99.8 267 4 1999 983.3 1352.7 2336.0 190.5 2526.6 2281 8 97.7 232.1 2000 1620.2 1615.4 3235.6 12.1 3247.7 2206.5 68.2 136.2 7 Khartoum 1996 1831.9 3828.5 5660.4 4351.4 10011.8 8803.9 155.5 480.6 State 1997 2748.7 6527.1 9275.8 6477.3 15753.1 15630.0 168.5 568.6 1998 3791.0 9456.1 13248.0 11461.0 24709 0 25307 3 191 0 667.6 1999 5287.2 10933.1 16220.4 13355.5 29575.8 29586.2 182.4 559.6 2000 7195.8 13025.8 20221 7 3313.0 23534.6 23546.9 116.4 327.2 2001 9842.5 12753.8 22596.3 5740.6 28336.9 39509.1 174.8 401.4 8 Sbuthern 1996 460.3 1347.1 1807.4 128 2 1935 6 1784.1 98.7 387.6 Darfur 1997 693.9 922.1 1616.0 411.9 2027.9 2661.8 164.7 383.6 State 1998 861.5 1756.6 2618 1 140.3 2758.4 2626.6 100.3 304.9 1999 1080.5 1529.9 2610.4 286 6 2897.0 2528 0 96.8 234 0 Source Ministry of Finance andNational Economy, National Accounts Directorate General 72 Table A6.4 cont'd. No Particulars Fiscal Chapter One Chapter Two Total current Development Total Total own Own revenues as a Own revenue as a year expenditure expenditure Expenditure revenue percent of total current percent of wages and expenditure salanes 9 Sinnar 1996 369.3 340.0 709.2 58.7 768.0 1136.7 160.3 307.8 States 1997 606.9 902.1 1509.0 112.4 1621.4 1450.5 96.1 239.0 1998 806.4 1229.6 2035.9 332.0 2468.0 2168.7 106.5 268.9 1999 1204.3 1517.4 2721.7 225.0 2946.8 2785.5 102.3 231.3 10 Al-Gezira 1996 104 6 164.1 State 1610.3 915.8 2526.1 120.0 2646.1 2642.1 1997 2463.6 1822.2 4285.8 81.8 4367.6 4270.4 99.6 173.3 1998 3000.1 2755.1 5755.2 272.3 6027.6 5885.6 102.3 196.2 1999 3623.8 2779.0 6402.8 301.0 6703.8 4539.8 70.9 125.3 2000 6989.1 2547.0 9536.1 136.4 9672.5 3190.0 33.5 45.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11 Southern 1996 308.8 386.6 695.4 - 695.4 344.5 49.5 111.6 Kordofan 1997 422.7 338.8 761.5 - 761.5 331.6 43.5 78.5 State 1999 - - - - - - 12 Western 1996 193.6 1702 363.8 34.0 397.9 216.9 59.6 112.1 Darfiur 1997 - - 943.0 - 943.0 602.0 63.8 State 1998 330.0 773.7 1103.7 - 1103.7 547.5 49.6 165.9 1999 - - - - - - 13 Al-Gadarif 1996 36.0 1013.5 1378.6 167.4 1545.9 1788.7 129.8 496.2 State 1997 577.1 1373.8 1950.9 578.4 2529.3 2633.2 135.0 456.3 1998 828.3 1776.2 2604.5 276.2 2880.7 2878.0 110.5 347.4 1999 1009.4 1813.0 2822.4 632.3 3545.6 . 2878 3 102.0 285.1 2000 1491.2 1913 9 3405.1 622.0 4027.1 2947.6 86.6 197.7 2001 1980 9 2501.8 4482.7 413.3 4896.0 NA NA NA Source Ministry of Finance and National Economy, National Accounts Directorate General 73 Table A6.4 cont'd. No. Particulars Fiscal Chapter One Chapter Two Total current Development Total Total own Own revenue as Own revenue as year expenditure expenditure expenditure revenue a percent a of total current percent of wages expenditure and salaries 14 Kordofan 1997 656.5 587.5 1244.0 - 1244 0 1545.5 124.2 235.4 State 1998 912.9 1460.7 2373.6 129.5 2503.1 2247.5 94.7 246.2 1999 1170.6 3724.0 4894.6 93 1 4987.8 2015.4 41.2 172.2 15 Westem 1996 173 4 152.3 325.7 14.6 340.3 336.5 103.3 194.0 Kordofan 1997 399.1 350.8 749.9 122.0 871.9 672.6 89.7 168.5 State 1998 363.4 630.2 993.6 135.7 1129.3 942.5 94.9 259.4 1999 608.6 1167.0 1775.6 209.0 1984.6 1680.1 94.6 276.1 2000 1047.8 976.3 2024.0 164.6 2188.6 1495.7 73.9 142.8 2001 1447.3 915.1 2372.5 175.2 2537 7 1036.2 43.7 71.6 16 Western 1996 136.3 6.2 142.5 -- 142.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 Equatoria 1997 174.8 9.7 184.5 - 184.5 1.3 0.7 0.7 State 1998 245.4 9.3 254.7 -- 254 7 5.5 2.2 2.2 1999 258.5 9 8 268.3 - 268.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 2000 255.3 18.5 273.8 - 273.8 1.2 0.4 0.5 2001 329.3 54.6 383.8 -- 383.8 0.0 - -- 17 WhiteNile 1996 555.1 321.5 876 6 66.9 943.4 1052 4 120.1 189 6 1997 966.9 911.8 1878.7 -- 1878.7 1818.4 96.8 188.1 1998 1066.4 936.7 2003.0 1124.8 3127.8 3078.1 153.7 288.7 1999 336.0 962.0 1298.0 255.0 1553.0 2057.0 .158.5 612.2 Source. Mmistry of Finance and National Economy, National Accounts Directorate General 74 Table A6.5: Major fiscal components as a ratio of GDP (1996 -2001) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 i. Total Federal Revenue 6.9 6 4 6.9 8.0 11.3 11.4 External Financing -- -- 01 0.3 0 4 0.2 GMCs* --0.0 1.1 Central Bank Financing - 04 0.4 03 0.3 ii. Total Federal Expenditure 7.3 7.6 7.4 8.7 12.0 13 0 Recurrent Expenditure 6.8 7.1 6.7 7.5 96 10.5 Development Expenditure 0.5 05 0.7 1.2 2.4 2.5 Source Data prepared by Budget Directorate, (own computation) 'GMCs represent the Government Musharaka Certificate Table A6.6: Growth of non-oil revenue in real terms (1999-2001) _ Year 1999 2000 2001 Item Tax Revenue 15% -5% 14% Direct Taxes 0% -4% 4% Indirect Taxes 20% -5% 17% Non-oil Revenue 14% -17% 12% Inflation Rate 16% 8% 6% Source Own calculation 75 Table A6.7: Economic classification of federal expenditure (million Sudanese Dinar and as percent of total expenditure) Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 SDD %Sae SDD %Sae SDD %Sae SDD Shr Type of Expenditure million miShn Share m % Share million % Share Wage Bill 57,290 33.8 80,506 35 4 105,882 30.6 131,618 31.5 Operations and Maintenance 66,377 39.2 79,051 34 7 119,684 34.6 132,760 31.7 Development Expenditure 13,218 7.8 27,631 12.1 57,890 16.7 70,408 16.8 Debt Service Payments 14,658 8.6 20,237 8 9 34,388 9.9 33,059 7.9 Transfers to States 8,903 5.3 12,806 5.6 19,774 5.7 34,339 8.2 Social Subsidies 8,805 5.2 7,363 3.5 8,781 2.5 16,259 3.9 Total Expenditure 100 100 100 100 Source. Mirnstry of Fmance and National Economy, National Accounts Directorate General. 76 Table A6.8: Economic classification of state expenditures (million Sudanese Dinar) \ Year 1998 1999 2000 Expenditure \ SDD % SDD % SDD % million million million Wages 16991.10 28.5% 21055 50 30 2% 25764.70 44.3% Non-wages 26680.01 45.7% 31781.80 45.7% 26426.00 45 4% Development 15028.20 25.8% 16766.00 24 1% 5982.60 10.3% Expenditure I_ Total Expenditure 58399.31 100% 69603.30 100% 58173 30 100% Source: Ministry of Fmance and National Economy, National Accounts Directorate General Table A6.9: Economic classification of consolidated federal and state recurrent and development expenditures Year 1998 1999 2000 Type of Expendixu SDD million % SDD million % SDD million % Wage Bill 73981 33 8 101561 35 7 131647 34 2 Operation and 93057 42.5 110833 39.0 146110 38 0 Maintenance Development 28246 13.0 44397 15.6 63872. 16.6 Debt Service 14658 6.7 20237 7 1 34388 8 9 Social Subsidies 8803 4.0 7363 2 6 8781 2 3 Total Expenditure 218765 100 284391 100 384798 100 Source Ministry of Finance and National Economy, National Accounts Directorate General 77 I Table A6.10: The Poverty Reduction Program Field of Intervention Projects/Programs Costs Performance Level Observations Components SDD Physical % Financial % million 1- Table Water Supply. 4866 1320 27% o Provision of 221 rural water supply 2266 60% 1020 45% The construction of 3 new units distributed over 15 states. They and the completion of 7 comprise 103 water boreholes, 32 small water supply purification dams, 97 dams (haffirs) and 32 water units have not started yet purification units o Chinese Financed water supply 2600 300 11.5% The money dispensed equipment and materials provision. represents advance payment for the loan. The first consignment scheduled for the first quarter of year 2002 started to arrive. Constraints: The program commenced implementation in the advent of the rainy season which protracted movement of people and excavating machines in addition to delays in securing funds. 79 Table A6.10 cont'd. Field of Intervention Projects/Programs Costs Performance Level Observations Components SDD Physical % Financial % million 2. Health Care: 58% o Malaria Fighting Program Provision of insecticides, spray 511 All 18 84% 913 38% machines and vehicles vehicles were 389 76% delivered, Insecticides Sprayers 33% o Rehabilitation of 35 health 60% The health centres were centres at the States. originally 40 in number distributed over 13 states. They were reduced to 35 distributed over 12 states. o Fighting Bilharzia and Procurement of equipments, drugs 500/O Tuberculosis and insecticides. O Rehabilitation of 7 rural The programe implement-ation hospitals. has not started yet. Constraints: Lack of competent national civil works Contractors. Costs over-run due to high bidders prices or under estimation of ral costs. 80 Table A6.10 cont'd. Field of Intervention Projects/Programs Costs Performance Level Observations Components SDD Physical % Financial % million 3. Education 68% 1004 40% o Construction of 25 basic schools in Phase One 75% The program has been rerouted different states. Phase Two 75-10%/o to include reconstruction of 15basic schools, 80 classrooms and 40 offices. o Provision of furniture for 361 83% Constraints: thousands pupils and 7 thousands Funds for executing these teachers. projects were channeled through the States authorities causing some delays. Other factors behind some delays in execution include shortage of building materials at the localities, shortage of skilled labor and difficulties of movement due to rains. Source: Social Sector, Ministry of Finance, 2000 Table A6.11: Growth of various sources of Zakat (million Sudanese Dinar) Source 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Agriculture 2256.5 4101.9 4564.7 5472.6 5361.6 5971.8 Trade 439.7 1223.9 1838.9 2416.4 3008.7 3618.9 Livestock 2453 537.4 550.9 812.7 1178.6 1172.8 Professionals 6.2 18.7 25.9 35.5 68.2 63.1 Other sources 81.4 1315.8 1772.9 1998.3 2360.2 2667.0 Total 3479.2 7179.0 8728.4 10700.0 11909.1 13460.5 Source Zakat Chamber Annual Report, 2002 81 APPENDIX 7. MONETARY DEVELOPMENT 82 Table A7.1: Monetary survey (million Dinar up to 1991 and billion Dinar from 1992) 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 Net foreign assets -0 4 -09 -0 8 -1 8 -3 3 4 4 -3 6 -4 8 -17 4 -21 -21 -22 7 -29.8 -347 -108 2 -154.3 -238 6 -236 6 Assets Bank of Sudan -0 5 -1 -0 9 -1.9 -3 3 -4 5 -4 -5 4 -18 -23 4 -27 -29 4 -39 5 -564 -136.1 -191.9 -291.8 -303 3 Commercialbanks 01 01 0.1 01 -- 01 04 06 06 2.4 6 67 97 217 279 376 532 667 Liabilities BankofSudan 16 21 19 23 39 51 5 81 172 217 229 264 392 512 1244 1788 2788 2877 Commercial banks 0 6 1 0 5 0 5 0 4 0 7 13 1.2 2 2 5 51 4 3 3 7 7 2 13 2 15 9 15 2 17.8 Net domestic assets Netdomesticcredit 109 126 143 176 20.6 246 275 357 567 726 956 1186 1455 177 2378 2761 3574 4272 NetclaimsonFederalgovemment 42 48 6.2 72 8.4 9.8 112 132 20 29.4 488 593 687 777 1037 791 1679 2025 Net claims on state & local govt - --- - - - -- - - -- -- - - Claimsonnongovemmentalsectors 62 7.1 7.3 96 108 135 148 207 346 41 446 57 745 97 1312 1939 1895 2248 Pnvatesector 62 71 6.6 71 7 85 99 123 18.6 22.8 265 343 461 593 778 114.3 1377 1609 Non-bank fin Institutions - -- - - - - -- --- 4 5 5 7 Non-financial public enterpnses 0 7 2 5 3.8 5 4 9 8 4 16 18 2 18 1 22 7 28 4 37 7 53.4 79 6 47 3 58 2 Broadmoney 93 98 115 13 14 166 205 27.8 33 412 589 751 97.7 1264 179.5 253.4 311 3719 Money 82 81 101 116 124 144 176 23.7 281 35 497 634 837 1097 1531 2091 2336 2764 Quasi money - 16 2 2 3 41 4 9 6 2 9 2 117 141 16 7 26.4 44 3 77 4 95 5 Source bItrnahonal Faciul Statisitcs Yearbook Table A7. 1 cont'd. 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993/94 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Net foreign assets -357 2 -414 6 -739 5 -960 6 -981.9 -1214 7 -2494.6 -36 7 -58 7 -121 7 -202 1 -446 2 491 6 -685.4 -730 -677.5 Assets Bank of Sudan -511 7 -538 1 -899 -1185 7 -1224.8 -1492 3 -3393 4 41.1 -68 4 -147 2 -271 2 -471.9 -531 7 -744 6 -795 1 -747 3 Commercialbanks 1545 1235 1595 225.1 242.9 2776 8988 44 97 10 141 25.7 40.1 592 651 698 Liabilities BankofSudan 4612 5123 8438 11333 11723 14673 33055 405 67.8 134.2 2248 4856 5478 767.5 8381 8204 Commercial banks 53 9 415 619 61 3 60 5 69 6 159.9 0 9 1 5 1 5 2.8 4 3 4 4 4 7 3 4 3.8 Netdomesticassets - - -- - -- -- - - 214 315 46.2 101 122.8 1479 1855 2471 Netdomesticcredit 583 8111 11274 15024 23689 32831 51131 129 214 272 399 843 1005 1213 154.6 2025 Netclaims on Federal govermment 2729 373 3 5114 7707 1504 1 2110.8 34216 9.4 15 8 21 1 31.5 64 6 75.2 977 126.3 1584 Net claims on state & local govt -- - -- - -- -- - - 01 - 0 1 0 1 0.2 0 2 0 1 -0 1 Claimsonnon-govemmentsectors 3101 437.8 616 7317 8648 11724 16916 35 71 11.2 148 342 418 476 55.9 964 Pnvate sector 188 2 263 8 379.3 450 9 494 1 766 7 1404 9 2 7 4 5 8 8 13 1 31 9 39 4 44 3 43.6 715 Non-bankfin Institutions 7.2 84 84 84 139 169 169 - 01 01 0.1 02 04 04 04 21 Non-financial publc enterpnses 114 7 165 6 228 3 272 4 356 8 388 8 269 8 0 8 0 9 1 4 1 4 1 9 1.9 2 8 8.2 22 8 Broad money 6108 7813 10664 14164 2171 6 32302 54122 13 26 5 40 70 6 116 6 160 5 208 2 257 5 346 7 Money 4145 5849 776.8 11218 18899 27659 44305 89 157 24.3 40.46 7536 9985 12908 165.01 23459 Quasimoney 1964 1964 2895 294.6 2817 4643 9817 41 10.8 158 2893 3934 5806 7608 88.3 11208 Source Interaonal Fmancial Statistics Yearbook 83 Table A7.2: Financial position of the Bank of Sudan (million Dinar up to 1991 and billion Dinar from 1992) 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 Assets Foreign assets (million Dinars till 1991and billion 1 0 1.3 2.3 3.9 1.2 08 0.9 1.3 3.4 2.0 1.5 2 7 2.2 2 2 3.4 dinars from 1992 onwards) Foreign exchange (million $) 27.9 30.3 44.9 97.9 27.8 23.6 23.1 20.5 54.2 48.7 16 4 20.5 16.5 17.2 12.2 Gold reserves SDR holdings (million$) -- 5.3 16.4 26.4 8.6 -- -- 7.9 13.2 -- 0.6 - 0.1 Quota in IMF resources (million SDR) 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 72 0 72.0 72 0 88.0 88.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 169.7 169.7 169.7 Claims on government (million Dinars till 1991and - - - - - - - - - - - 163.1 198.5 2894 billion dinars from 1992 onwards) Claims on non-financial public enterprises (million 3.8 5.0 4.9 84 16.0 18.2 18.1 22.7 28.4 377 534 79.6 47.3 58.2 114.7 Dinars till 1991and billion dinars from 1992 onwards) Claims on deposit money banks (million Dinars till 22 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.2 2.7 3.6 5.5 66 7.3 97 12.2 6.8 20.3 22.2 1991and billion dinars from 1992 onwards) Reserve money (million Dinarstill 1991and billion 8.5 9.3 11.9 16.3 19.3 23.5 38.0 50.2 66.7 75.1 121.1 158.2 174.0 244.4 395.0 dinars from 1992 onwards) Quasi monetary deposits (million Dinars till 199 land . 10.3 10.2 billion dinars from 1992 onwards) - - - - -- Central bank liabilities: Mausharaka cert. (billion Dinars) - -- Liabilities Foreign liabilities (million Dinars till 1991and billion 3.9 5.1 5.0 8.1 17.2 217 22.9 26.4 39.2 51.2 124.4 178.8 278.8 287.7 461.2 dinars from 1992 onwards) Federal govt. deposits (million Dmars till 199land 03 0.7 0.5 4.1 3.5 4.6 3.2 5.4 30.6 46.9 47.9 70.9 -- -- - billion dinars from 1992 onwards) Capital accounts(million Dinars till 199land billion 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.7 2.4 2.8 2.8 2.8 1.8 1.9 4.5 4.2 4.2 dinars from 1992 onwards) Valuation adjustment (million Dinars till 1991and billion dinars from 1992 onwards) - - -- -- - - -- -- - - - -153.2 -153.2 -320.9 Other items, net (million Dinars,till 199land billion -6.8 -8.1 -9.1 -14.8 -21.1 -29.7 -44.0 -55.4 -101.0 -129 1 -230.7 -315.2 -86.0 -114.1 -120.0 dinars from 1992 onwards) Source: Intemational Financial Statistics Yearbook 84 Table A7.2 cont'd. 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Assets Foreign assetss (million Dinars till 1991and 15.6 6.7 8.9 8.0 44.6 72.0 0.4 0.8 3.1 8.6 15.5 14.1 21.6 48.6 73.1 billion dinars from 1992 onwards) Foreign exchange (million$) 58.5 11.7 12.1 15.9 11.4 7.6 27.5 37.4 78.1 163.3 106.8 81.6 90.6 188.7 247.3 Gold reserves - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SDR holdings (million $) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Quota in IMF resources (million SDR) 169.7 169.7 169.7 169.7 169.7 169.7 169.7 169.7 169.7 169.7 169.7 169.7 169.7 169.7 169.7 Claims on government (million Dinars till 428.5 617.4 872.6 1590.9 2231.4 3593.2 10.8 16.5 22.0 32.9 76.0 84.8 101.8 134.8 169.0 l991and billion dinars from 1992 onwards) Claims on non-financial public enterprises 165.6 228.3 272.4 356.8 388.8 269.8 0 2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 3.5 17.1 (million Dinars till 1991and billion dinars from 1992 onwards) Claims on deposit money banks (million 22.4 24.8 29.3 35.5 44.0, 34.8 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 2.4 6.1 7.2 8.8 Dinars till 199 land billion dinars from 1992 onwards) Reservemoney(millionDinarstill 1991and 561.5 716.0 944.7 1751.5 2333.8 3460.8 8.8 14.4 20.2 35.7 64.9 87.2 112.8 152.4 223.6 billion dinars from 1992 onwards) Quasi monetarydeposits (million Dinars till- 8.9 17.5 19.0 22.4 26:8 38.9 0.6 0.6 2.1 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.2 - 1991and billion dinars from 1992 onwards) Central bank liabilities: Mausharaka cert - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.9 4.2 1.1 (billion Dinars) Liabilities Foreignliabilities (million Dinars till 199land 512.3 843.8 1133.3 1172.3 1467.3 3305.5 40.5 67.8 134.2 224.8 485.6 547.8 767.5 838.1 820.4 billion dinars from 1992 onwards) Federal govt. deposits (million Dinars till - - - - - - 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.2 10.8 9.2 3.7 5.1 8.4 1991and billion dinars from 1992 onwards) Capital accounts(million Dinars till 1991and 5.9 12.8 21.2 34.8 37.4 39.4 - 0.1 0.2 0.4 1.2 1.2 2.0 2.6 4.2 billion dinars from 1992 onwards) Valuation adjustment (million Dinars till -341.8 -592.5 -836.4 -894.9 -1060.6 -2946.4 -39.2 -63.1 -124.9 -206.6 -444.8 -514.9 -724.4 -772.0 -776.7 1991and billion dinars from 1992 onwards) Other items, net (million Dinars till 1991and -114.7 -120.5 -98.5 -95.1 -96.0 71.5 -0.4 -2.7 -6.9 -16.8 -28.9 -32.0 -40.4 -39.5 -13.1 billion dinars from 1992 onwards) Source: International Financial Statistics Yearbook 85 Table A7.3: Financial position of commercial banks, (million Dinar up to 1991 and billion Dinar from 1992) 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 Assets Reserves 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.9 2.4 3.4 4.4 11.5 17.6 24.0 19.6 39.1 40.8 82.6 93.7 200.9 Claims on monetary authorities: securities Foreign assets 0.1 0.1 0.1 - 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.6 2.4 6.0 6.7 9.7 21.7 27.9 37.6 53.2 66.7 154.5 Claims on Federal government 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.9 3.7 5.4 6.0 7.6 10.6 13.3 15.9 18.6 28.5 46.6 9.4 9.6 10.0 Claims on state & local govt. - - - --- - - - - _ - - - - Claims on non-financial public enterprises -- - - - - - - - - -- - -- - - - - - Claims on private sector 7.1 6.6 7.1 7.0 8.5 9.9 12.3 18.6 22.8 26.5 34.3 46.1 59.3 77.8 114.3 137.7 160.9 188.2 Claims on non-bank fin. Institutions - - - - - - - - - - - - - Liabilities Demand deposits 3.1 3.6 4.3 4.5 6.2 7.4 9.9 12.1 15.5 22.6 29.2 39.2 54.0 65.3 88.4 116.5 132.6 192.5 Time & savings deposits 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.9 3.7 5.4 6.0 6.6 10.8 12.6 15.9 18.2 28.8 46.5 76.1 85.2 186.2 Foreign liabilities 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.7 1.3 1.2 2.0 2.5 5.1 4.3 3.7 7.2 13.2 15.9 15.2 17.8 53.9 Federal govt deposits 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.8 1.5 1.9 1.5 1.3 2.5 1.2 4.6 5.7 26.5 Creditfrom monetary authorities 1.9 1.7 1.5 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.9 1.3 0.9 1.4 3.3 4.0 5.3 7.1 9.3 14.8 12.7 3.1 Capital accounts 0.6 0.6 0,6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.6 1.9 2.1 2.9 4.5 9.4 24.7 32.6 65.2 Valuation adjustment - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - 30.0 Other items (net) - - - 1.0 1.1 1.6 2.5 6.4 9.9 11.7 18.7 29.3 30.4 51.7 68.5 31.1 44.3 -3.6 Source: International Financial Statistics Yearbook Table A7.3 cont'd. 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Assets Reserves 269.5 328.3 320.3 725.8 831.5 1008.5 3.7 4.6 5.6 8.0 14.3 28.1 306 37.9 57.1 Claims on monetary authorities: securities Foreign assets 123.5 159.5 225.1 242.9 277.6 898.8 4.4 9.7 10.8 16.9 30.0 44.5 63.9 68.6 73 7 Claims on Federal government 11.2 6.0 6.0 24.3 1.0 -- -- 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 - 0.1 0.2 4.2 Claims on state & local govt. - -- - -- - - -- 0.1 -- 0.1 0.2 0.2 0 1 0.1 -- Claims on non-financial public enterprises - -- - - - - 0.6 0 7 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.7 2.6 4.7 5.6 Claims on private. Sector 263.8 379 3 450.9 494.1 766.7 1404.9 2.7 4.5 8.8 13.1 31.9 39 4 44.3 43.6 71.5 Claims on non-bank fin. Institutions -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 4 0.4 0.4 2.1 Liabilities Demand deposits 263.6 363.3 474.4 847.0 1144.3 18714 4.6 6.2 9.5 15.6 30.9 41.4 46.9 56.9 84.1 Time & savings deposits 187.5 272.0 275.6 259.3 437.5 942.8 3.4 10.1 13.7 25.7 36.1 55.0 72.7 85.1 106.7 Foreign liabilities 41.5 61.9 61.3 60.5 69.6 159.9 0.9 1 5 1.5 2.8 4 3 4 4 4.7 3.4 3 8 Federal govt deposits 664 112.1 107.9 110.9 121 6 171 7 0.2 0.3 0.2 03 0.8 0.4 04 3.5 6.4 Credit from monetary authorities 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.5 84 -- 0.1 0.1 0 8 0.1 0.1 03 3 0 2.5 Capital accounts 77.3 76.4 115.7 141.4 160.7 2422 0.6 1.7 3.9 55 11.1 14.8 203 24.5 32.2 Valuation adjustment 300 30.0 300 30.0 49.6 300.0 1 2 1.1 07 1 1 1.4 2.8 2.4 -04 -08 Other items (net) 0.6 -43.4 -63.8 36 7 -108 0 -384 1 -0.2 -1 6 -4.1 -13 5 -8.2 -6.5 -0.9 -16.5 -19 6 Source International Financial Statistics Yearbook 86 Table A7.4: Commercial banks' lending by economic sector (million Sudanese Dinar) 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Agriculture 1125 1865 2946 3579 8997 12522 15763 14833 Industry 455 827 1840 2618 6385 7284 8908 7184 Exports 570 1155 2236 3946 6643 8387 8114 8359 Imports 37 43 105 1227 1705 858 325 1519 Local trade 383 318 566 418 1216 1738 2038 2816 Others 740 1065 2380 2726 9003 10767 12235 14021 Total 3311 5273 10073 14514 33948 41556 47383 48732 Pecent of total Agriculture 34 35.4 29.2 24.7 26.5 30.1 33.3 30.4 Industry 13.7 15.7 18.3 18.0 18.8 17.5 18.8 14.7 Exports 17.2 21.9 22.2 27.2 19.6 20.2 17.1 17.2 Imports 1.1 0.8 1.0 8.5 5.0 2.1 0.7 3.1 Local trade 11.6 6.0 5.6 2.9 3.6 4.2 4.3 5.8 Others 22.4 20.2 23.6 18.8 26.5 25.9 25.8 28.8 Total 100 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Changes from the previous year (in pecent) Agriculture - 65.8 58.0 21.5 151.4 39.2 25.9 -5.9 Industry - 81.8 122.5 42.3 143.9 14.1 22.3 -19.4 Exports - 102.6 93.6 76.5 68.3 26.3 -3.3 3.0 Imports - 16.2 144.2 1068.6 39.0 -49.7 -62.1 367.4 Local trade - -17.0 78.0 -26.1 190.9 42.9 17.3 38.2 Others - 43.9 123.5 14.5 230.3 19.6 13.6 14.6 Total - 59.3 91.0 44.1 133.9 22.4 14.0 2.8 Source: Bank of Sudan, Annual Repoit Table A7.5: Exchange rate movements, 1968-2001 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 Period average SDD/US$ 0.04 0.03 0.03 0 03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.13 US$/SDD 28.57 28 72 28.72 28.72 28.72 28.72 28.72 28.72 28 72 28.72 26.49 23.30 20.00 17.89 10.50 7 69 End of period SDD/SDR 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.11 0.14 0.14 SDD/US$ 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 004 0.04 0.04 0.04 005 0.05 0.09 0.13 0.13 US$/SDD 28.57 28 57 28.57 28.57 28.57 28 57 28.57 28.57 28 57 28.57 25.00 20.00 20.00 11.11 7.69 7.69 Source- Intemational Financial Statistics Yearbook SDD Sudanese Dinar 87 Table A7.5: contd. 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Period average SDDIUS$ 013 023 025 030 045 045 045 070 1593 2896 5809 12508 15757 20080 25255 257.12 258.70 US$/SDD 7 69 4 35 4 00 3 33 2.22 2 22 2 22 1.44 0 06 0 03 0 02 0.01 0 01 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 End of period SDD/SDR 0 13 0 27 0 31 0 64 0 61 0.59 0 64 2 15 29 86 58 39 78 24 208 40 232 34 334 83 353 70 335 30 328 55 SDD/US$ 0 13 0 25 0 25 0 30 0 45 0 45 0 45 1.50 21 74 40.00 52 63 144 93 172 20 237 80 257 70 257 35 26143 US$/SDD 7 69 4 00 4 00 3.33 2.22 2 22 2.22 0 67 0 05 0 03 0 02 0 01 01 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 Source International Financial Statistics Yearbook SDD Sudanese Dinar Table A7.6: Credit to non-governmental sector by mode of financing (billion Sudanese Dinar) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001(June) Murabaha 18.1 21.7 26.2 31 7 31.4 64.5 Musharaka 10.9 9.5 10 2 8.9 41.3 25.6 Mudharaba 0.7 2.3 2.9 3.1 3.6 6.1 Salaarn 1.4 3.5 3.2 2.4 3.1 5 1 Other 3 1 4.8 5 7 6.3 17.0 14.3 Total 34.2 41.8 48.1 52.4 964 115.6 Percentage of total Murabaha 52.9 51 9 545 60.5 32.6 55.8 Musharaka 31 9 22.7 21.2 17.0 42.8 22.1 Mudharaba 2.0 5.5 6.0 5.9 3.7 5 3 Salaam 4.1 8.4 6.7 4 6 3.2 4.4 Other 9 1 11.5 11.9 12.0 17.6 12.4 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1000 1000 Source: Bank of Sudan 88 APPENDIX 8. AGRICULTURE 89 Table A8.1: Area cultivated for major crops (in thousand hectare) Sorghum Wheat Millet Sesame Groundnut Cotton Sunflower Total 1970/71 4,894 116 698 743 366 484 -- 7,300 1971/72 4,556 115 840 768 605 488 -- 7,372 1972/73 4,095 99 1,019 1,139 657 471 -- 7,480 1973/74 5,647 170 1,086 891 699 487 -- 8,980 1974/75 2,231 236 1,034 871 717 488 5,576 1975/76 2,601 118 1,075 909 925 393 - 6,021 1976/77 2,688 253 1,073 898 761 404 -- 6,078 1977/78 2,750 236 1,221 946 1,073 448 -- 6,674 1978/79 2,763 230 1,238 816 936 404 -- 6,387 1979/80 2,220 182 928 792 941 396 _ 5,458 1980/81 2,786 175 1,039 806 852 384 -- 6,042 1981/82 3,725 132 1,170 818 950 389 -- 7,183 1982/83 3,386 90 951 488 624 403 - 5,942 1983/84 3,513 134 1,210 871 729 407 -- 6,864 1984/85 3,195 46 1,370 731 683 398 -- 6,424 1985/86 5,262 144 1,651 1,007 407 319 - 8,791 1986/87 4,725 113 1,470 893 516 331 -- 8,048 1987/88 3,228 137 1,044 914 652 314 104 6,392 1988/89 5,312 157 2,271 1,118 650 316 146 9,971 1989/90 3,620 246 1,485 1,049 518 281 58 7,256 1990/91 2,628 441 630 442 212 175 94 4,622 1991/92 4,856 367 1,065 512 218 180 30 7,229 1992/93 5,905 313 1,484 1,283 479 141 88 9,693 1993/94 4,461 340 1,018 1,172 743 115 58 7,908 1994/95 6,121 265 3,083 1,282 845 175 70 11,842 1995/96 4,803 284 2,303 1,422 1,032 236 44 10,124 1996/97 6,241 314 1,556 1,772 900 276 29 11,088 1997/98 5,058 243 2,674 1,506 1,459 168 24 11,133 1998/99 6,010 135 2,631 1,337 1,353 115 18 11,599 1999/2000 4,312 88 2,280 2,071 1,443 163 20 10,376 2000/2001 3,995 114 2,095 1,791 1,393 162 5 9,555 Source Mminstry of Agnculture and Forests, Govenmment of Sudan Table A8.2: Production of major crops (in thousand tons) Sorghum Wheat Millet Sesame Groundnut Cotton Sunflower 1970/7l 1,535 163 439 297 339 468 -- 191/72 1,592 124 441 296 387 439 -- 1972/73 1,301 152 355 340 569 355 1973/74 1,691 235 285 244 553 429 -- 1974/75 1,456 269 403 224 928 415 -- 1975/76 2,143 263 388 233 782 202 -- 1976/77 2,606 289 449 237 734 292 1977178 2,082 312 500 263 1032 358 -- 1978n9 2,353 165 552 216 806 243 -- 1979/80 1,461 231 309 222 858 207 - 1980/81 2,084 218 335 221 712 183 -- 1981/82 3,335 142 509 242 738 303 -- 1982/83 1,884 176 227 140 455 359 1983/84 1,806 157 314 206 405 403 1984/85 1,097 79 168 130 378 415 -- 1985/86 3,597 199 417 134 286 264 - 1986/87 3,277 157 285 216 379 349 - 1987/88 1,363 181 153 233 432 284 39 1988/89 4,425 247 495 194 587 329 46 1989/90 1,536 409 161 140 218 261 22 1990/91 1,180 686 85 80 123 148 23 1991/92 3,581 895 308 97 180 179 11 1992/93 4,042 453 449 266 380 108 40 1993/94 2,386 475 221 175 428 95 32 1994/95 3,648 448 973 170 714 166 48 1995/96 2,450 527 385 313 738 196 25 1996/97 4,179 642 440 416 518 189 20 1997/98 2,807 535 643 281 1104 152 11 1998/99 4,284 172 667 262 776 102 10 1999/2000 2,347 214 499 329 1047 94 8 2000/2001 2,488 303 481 282 947 148 4 Source Ministry of Agnculture and Forests, Government of Sudan 90 Table A8.3: Yield of major crops 1970/71-2000/2001 (tons/hectare) Sorghum Wheat Millet Sesame Groundnut Cotton Sunflower 1970/7l 0.31 1.41 0 63 0.40 0.93 0 97 1971/72 0 35 1 08 0.53 0.39 0.64 0.90 -- 1972/73 0 32 1.53 0.35 0.30 0.87 0.75 -- 1973174 0.30 1.38 0.26 0.27 0.79 0.88 - 1974/75 0.65 1.14 0.39 0.26 1 29 0.85 1975/76 0.82 2 24 0.36 0.26 0.85 0.51 -- 1976/77 0.97 1.14 0.42 0.26 0.96 0.72 -- 1977178 0 76 1 32 0 41 0 28 0.96 0 80 1978/79 0 85 0 72 0 45 0.26 0.86 0.60 -- 1979/80 0.66 1.27 0.33 0.28 0 91 0.52 -- 1980/81 0.75 1.25 0.32 0.27 0.84 0.48 -- 1981/82 0.90 1.08 0.44 0.30 0.78 0.78 -- 1982/83 0.56 1.96 0.24 0.29 0 73 0.89 -- 1983/84 0.51 1.17 0.26 0.24 0.56 0.99 -- 1984/85 0.34 1.72 0.12 0 18 0.55 1.04 1985/86 0 68 1.38 0.25 0.13 0 70 0.83 -- 1986/87 0 69 1.39 0.19 0.24 0.74 1 05 -- 1987/88 0.42 1.32 0 15 0.25 0.66 0.90 0.38 1988/89 0.83 1 57 0.22 0.17 0.90 1 04 0.31 1989/90 042 1 67 0 11 0 13 0.42 0.93 0.38 1990/91 0 45 1.56 0.13 0.18 0.58 0 84 0.25 1991/92 0.74 2.44 0.29 0.19 0.82 0.99 0 37 1992/93 0.68 1 45 0 30 0.21 0.79 0.76 0.45 1993/94 0.53 1.40 0.22 0.15 0 58 0 82 0 56 1994/95 0.60 1.69 0.32 0 13 0 84 0.95 0.69 1995/96 0 51 1 86 0.17 0.22 0.72 0.83 0.57 1996/97 0 67 2.05 0.28 0.23 0 58 0 68 0.68 1997/98 0 55 2.20 0 24 0.19 0.76 0.90 0.45 1998/99 0 71 1.28 0 25 0.20 0.57 0 89 0.54 1999/2000 0.54 2 44 0.22 0.16 0.73 0 58 0.41 2000/2001 0.62 2 65 0.23 0.16 0.68 0.92 0.77 Source Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Government of Sudan Table A8.4: Livestock statistics 1981/82-2000/2001 (thousand head) Cattle Sheep Goats Camels Population Off-take Population Off-take Population Off-take Population Off-take 1981/82 19,950 1,417 18,860 4,545 13,739 3,575 2,697 151 1982/83 20,910 1,694 19,543 4,886 14,186 3,717 2,748 154 1983/84 21,319 1,919 19,832 5,176 14,247 3,776 2,801 179 1984/85 20,941 2,094 19,709 5,519 14,265 4,023 2,806 247 1985/86 19,631 1,178 18,690 4,673 13,799 3,726 2,712 184 1986/87 19,737 1,480 18,806 4,570 13,942 3,767 2,705 176 1987/88 19,858 1,509 19,207 4,706 14,195 3,833 2,722 191 1988/89 20,167 1,553 19,668 4,838 14,481 3,910 2,732 199 1989/90 20,583 1,605 20,168 4,981 14,845 4,008 2,742 200 1990/91 21,028 1,619 20,701 8,382 15,278 5,246 2,757 320 1991/92 21,630 2,283 23,403 9,314 18,650 6,399 2,787 319 1992/93 25,091 3,223 26,517 10,721 22,693 7,782 2,849 377 1993/94 27,571 4,143 30,977 12,706 27,567 9,673 2,886 422 1994/95 30,077 4,610 37,146 16,882 33,319 11,960 2,903 453 1995/96 31,669 5,794 37,202 16,882 35,215 14,683 2,915 472 1996/97 33,102 6,055 39,835 18,075 36,037 14,982 2,936 486 1997/98 34,584 6,635 42,363 19,221 36,498 15,153 2,974 498 1998/99 35,825 6,932 44,802 20,154 37,346 15,249 3,031 511 1999/2000 37,093 7,265 46,095 20,545 38,548 15,381 3,108 526 2000/2001 38,325 7,610 47,043 20,909 39,952 15,389 3,203 516 Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Government of Sudan 91 Table A8.5: Production of livestock products (1987/88-1999/00) Meat Poultry meat Eggs Milk Fish Hides ('000 tons) ('000 tons) ('000 tons) ('000 tons) ('000 tons) ('000 pieces) 1987/88 320 16 24 1913 30 8,724 1988/89 328 17 25 1945 28 8,916 1989/90 338 17 26 1987 29 9,139 1990/91 455 18 22 2402 30 9,374 1991/92 610 19 28 4606 32 13,109 1992/93 868 25 30 4353 36 15,262 1993/94 1,137 27 33 5198 40 17,458 1994/95 1,287 29 35 5955 45 21,793 1995/96 1;275 22 25 5786 47 22,284 1996/97 1,331 18 20 6001 50 22,756 1997/98 1,422 15 18 6230 52 23,033 1998/99 1,463 15 20 6650 53 24,967 1999/2000 1,522 15 21 6879 56 26,384 Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Government of Sudan Table A8.6: Comparison of potential, research, and farmer yields for major crops in the Gezira Irrigation Scheme (1999/2000) Type of Crop Yields Potential Yield Research Yield Farmer Yields kantar cotton seed per feddan Cotton (variety) Extra Long (Barakat) 16 12 4.5 Long (Shambat) 18 14 5.0 Medium (Acala) 22 18 5.5 (tons per feddan) Wheat 2.5 2.0 0.6 Sorghum 2.5 (open) 3.0 (hybrid) 2.3 (open) 2.7 (hybrid) 0.8 Groundnut 2.8 2.0 1 2 Onions 16 12 8 Source Agricultural Research Corporation, Wad Medani Note- I Kantar = 315 lbs of seed cotton, I feddan = 1 038 acres =0.42 hectare Potential yield the genetic yield potential under optimal growing conditions. Research yield = yield under a standard set of practices and research management. Farmer yield = the average yield on farmers'/tenants' fields 92 Table A8.7: Area, production and yield of crops under irrigation (area in '000 ha, production in thousand tons and yield in ton/ha) Sorghum Wheat Millet Groundnuts Cotton Area Production Yield Area Production Yield Area Production Yield Area Production Yield Area Production Yield 1970/71 1664 607 036 116.0 163 1 41 7.2 7 0.97 104.4 145 1 39 405.6 713 1 76 1971/72 1239 507 0.41 1152 124 1.08 1.2 1 0.83 66.8 111 1 66 406.8 662 1.63 1972/73 1119 600 054 96.0 152 1.58 3.6 4 1 11 108.4 278 2.56 413.6 531 1.28 1973/74 545.0 292 0 54 170.0 235 1 38 2 8 2 0.71 117.6 262 2.23 417.2 655 1 57 1974/75 181.6 197 1.08 236.4 269 1.14 2.8 2 0 71 153.6 455 2.96 431.6 632 1.46 1975/76 255.2 300 1 18 1176 263 224 -- -- -- 212 392 1.85 321.2 294 0.92 1976/77 2204 237 108 2532 289 1.14 -- -- 1384 260 1 88 3416 433 1 27 1977/78 208.4 262 126 235.6 312 132 8.8 9 1.02 1524 426 2 80 374.8 534 1.42 1978/79 236.0 245 1 04 229 6 165 0.72 8 0 8 1.00 125.2 247 1.97 353 6 374 1.06 1979/80 175.2 169 0.96 1816 231 1.27 4.0 2 0.50 163 2 406 2.49 362.4 314 0.87 1980/81 205.6 170 0.83 174.8 218 1 25 7.2 4 0 56 79 6 159 2 00 325.6 266 0.82 1981/82 264 0 334 1.27 131.6 142 1 08 6 0 5 0.83 164 4 178 1.08 329 6 456 1 38 1982/83 195.2 194 0.99 900 176 1.96 6.8 4 0.59 70.4 140 1 99 349.2 556 1 59 1983/84 294.8 359 1 22 1340 157 1.17 10.8 14 1 30 94.0 172 1.83 352.4 611 1.73 1984/85 306 4 436 1 42 46 0 79 1.72 12.4 11 0.89 130.4 257 1.97 346 8 625 1.80 1985/86 449.2 660 1 47 144.0 199 1 38 8.8 7 0.80 58 4 94 1 61 297.2 400 1.35 1986/87 332.0 454 1.37 1128 157 1.39 60 5 0.83 93.2 186 2.00 3156 536 1.70 1987/88 284.4 352 1 24 137 2 181 1.32 5 2 4 0.77 100.4 198 1.97 297.2 438 1 47 1988/89 338 4 468 1 38 157.2 247 1.57 5 2 4 0.77 86.8 189 2.18 289.6 498 1 72 1989/90 302.0 392 1.30 245.6 409 1.66 2 4 1 0.42 63.6 119 1.87 268.8 401 1 49 1990/91 372.0 516 1 39 440.0 685 1.56 - -- -- 51 2 101 1 97 170 0 228 1.34 1991/92 550.4 886 1.61 357 2 833 2.33 2.8 2 0.71 53 6 114 2 13 145.2 262 1.80 1992/93 488.4 769 1.57 306.8 440 1 43 44 4 0.91 1192 235 1.97 128.4 166 1.29 1993/94 361.6 602 1.66 340.4 475 1.40 0.8 1 1.25 117.2 254 2.17 111.2 144 1 29 1994/95 472.4 726 1.54 262.4 445 1.70 40 2 050 119.6 262 2 19 1680 256 1 52 1995/96 294.8 513 1 74 276.4 520 1.88 3.2 2 0.63 140 326 2 33 213.6 300 1.40 1996/97 350.8 888 2.53 302.8 628 2.07 4.0 2 0.50 143.6 342 2.38 234.4 286 1.22 1997/98 334.4 678 2.03 239 6 532 2 22 0 4 1 2.50 143.2 310 2 16 154.4 234 1.52 1998/99 358.8 536 1.49 131.6 169 1.28 4 8 2 0.42 87 6 168 1 92 98.8 157 1.59 199900 337.6 579 1.72 84.8 211 2.49 20 1 0.50 1088 218 2.00 150.4 145 0.96 2000/01 416.0 905 2 18 111.2 299 2.69 2.4 2 0.83 104.8 203 1.94 154.4 230 1.49 Source: Mmistry of Agriculture and Forests, Government of Sudan 93 Table A8.8: Agricultural GDP in 1981/82 constant prices (million Sudanese Dinar), Crops Livestock Forestry Fisheries Total 1981/82 257.4 1982/83 - 234.6 1983/84 - -- - -- 223.7 1984/85 -- -- - -- 196.4 1985/86 121.0 78.2 25.8 2 9 227.8 1986/87 140.1 84.9 22.2 3.4 250.5 1987/88 105 0 88.2 22.7 3.4 219.2 1988/89 172.5 91.9 23.4 3.4 291.2 1989/90 107.7 97.0 24.0 3.6 232.3 1990/91 99.3 102.1 24.2 3.7 229.2 1991/92 148.6 107.9 25.2 3.7 285.4 1992/93 152.5 107.2 26.8 3.7 290.1 1993/94 121.6 124.8 28.4 4.6 279.3 1994/95 157.2 147.2 16.4 5.4 346.9 1996 192 8 169.6 4.5 6.2 373.0 1997 225.1 176.3 5.5 6.5 413.3 1998 229.4 183.7 41.7 6.3 461.2 1999 233.2 275.2 3.4 6.2 518.0 2000' - - -- - 504.4 2001 -- - -- -- 546.8 2002 -- -- -- -- 598.1 Source. Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Government of Sudan Table A8.9: Domestic and export prices of gum Arabic (1969/70-2000/01) Domestic floor price Domestic auction price Export price Dinar/ton Dinar/ton US $/ton 1969/70 10 13 255 1970/71 10 13 253 1971M2 10 14 255 1972/73 10 14 275 1973/74 18 24 938 1974/75 34 43 1,625 1975/76 20 29 1,250 1976/77 20 29 1,250 1977/78 20 29 1,250 1978/79 25 36 1,250 1979/80 28 40 1,380 1980/81 36 50 1,450 1981/82 42 59 1,450 1982/83 61 84 1,450 1983/84 89 126 1,450 1984/85 116 156 1,600 1985/86 205 280 1,900 1986/87 668 846 4,950 1987/88 890 1113 4,950 1988/89 890 1146 2,800 1989/90 890 1224 2,300 1990/91 957 1247 2,300 1991/92 2938 4140 2,550 1992/93 17808 24486 3,200 1993/94 38955 49417 4,000 1994/95 77910 99057 4,200 1995/96 55650 85701 3,500 1996/97 55650 77354 2,200 1997/98 44520 71232 1,200 1998/99 46746 75684 1,200 1999/2000 48972 73458 1,250 2000/2001 66780 97944 1,250 Source The Sudanese Gum Arabic Co., Ltd,2001 94 APPENDIX 9. INDUSTRY 95 Table A9.1: Industrial production (1988/89-2000) Commodity Unit 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Food and beverages Sugar 000 tonnes 354 387 433 471 4703 423.1 428 459 501 557 610 664 662 Molasses 000tonnes -- 135 150 165 165 148 150 160 175 195 215 225 233 Soft drinks Million 10 8 6 6.7 8.7 9.7 10 12 3 16 13 15 17 18 20 boxes Biscuit 000 tons -- 2.3 4.2 3.5 8.9 10.1 10.1 12.25 12 5 20 24 35 39.4 Sweet & Tahnia 000tons -- 10 20.8. 12.9 11.6 18.3 13.5 25 26 35 60 63 65 Jam 000 tons -- 1.1 1.3 2.6 0.8 0.4 0.2 1.4 1 5 2.5 2 8 5 8 Juices -- 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.4 02 1.2 1.2 2.4 3 5 9 17 Flour 000 tonnes 4449 342 520 439 382 240 295 280 265 324 310 532 600 Vegetable oils 000 tonnes 141 92 67 72 60 80 50 112 100 116 120 100 120 Starch& glucose 000tonnes -- 2.3 0.7 1.4 2.47 5.5 6.5 6.5 5.2 6.1 -- 26 1.1 Textiles & apparel R. Made clothing 000 tonnes -- 12 18 3.6 1.2 1 1 -- -- -- 12 15 30 -- Spinning 000 tonnes - 9.5 10 11.5 11.4 9.4 7.5 10.7 12 11 8.6 8.5 8 Textiles Million 34.9 45 48 53 63 43 30 34 31 31 26 35 35 yards Shoes Million -- -- 25 26 28.2 30.6 32.7 - 35.6 42 3 46.3 48 50 pairs Other consumer goods Cigarettes Million 1 7 0.97 1.06 1.84 1.76 1.81 1 8 2.2 1.7 2.2 2.22 2.25 2.32 sticks Tires&tubes Thousands 216 93 154 229 206 95 133 -- 456 183 207 173 211.6 Soap 000 tonnes -- 49.5 53.5 55.7 59 2 65 35 55 76.2 49 61 80 100 Fodder 000tonnes -- 14 6 5 7.5 6.4 -- 12 48 43 49 51 -- Refrigerators Unit -- - - 4987 7480 8366 2554 4038 6626 7258 9374 18000 25438 Matches 000tonnes 1.7 225 - 100 -- -- -- -- -- 30 231 271 204 Intermediate goods Cement 000 tonnes 139 170 151 170 158 153 247 273 286 290 206 266 161 Hides & skin Million -- 3 6 3.1 3 3.5 3.9 5.4 6.4 8.8 7 8.4 17.4 8.5 unit Paints 000 tonnes -- 5 4.4 3.1 3.4 3 8 3 3 3 3.5 4.7 16.7 18 Source: Ministry of Industry, Republic of Sudan 96 Table A9.2: Average capacity utilization in the industrial sector (percent) 1994/95 1995 1996 1997 Food & beverages Flour 25 29 31 21 Sugar 63 69 68 74 VegeTable oils 15 12 17 19 Soft drinks 48 55 42 50 Textiles & apparel Textiles 10 8 9 10 Shoes 30 34 28 31 Other consumer goods Cigarettes 19 18 23 28 Intermediate goods Cement 65 59 75 88 Source Ministry of Industry, Republic of Sudan Table A9.3: Value added in selected industries at constant prices (billion Sudanese Dinar) 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1996 1997 1998 Manufacturing (ncl. Mining) 51.6 50.3 67.5 104.3 1055 111 8 Mining 1.2 1 2 1.3 9.0 10.5 10 5 Manufacturing 50.4 49.1 66.2 95.3 95 101 3 Selected industries 40.9 36.0 34.8 40.7 56.6 58.2 Food & beverages 30 1 20.8 19.3 22 7 21.6 22.9 Flour 7.2 5.7 4.1 5.1 3.4 3.5 Sugar 7.2 6.5 6.5 7.0 7.7 8 8 Vegetable oils 12.1 6 0 6.0 7.9 7.8 7.8 Soft drinks . 3.7 2 6 2.7 2 7 2.7 2.9 Textiles & apparel 4.2 3.9 3.9 5.2 22.1 23.0 Textiles 3.1 3.3 1.3 0.8 1.6 1.4 Shoes 1.2 0.6 2.5 4.4 20.5 21.6 Other consumer goods 2.1 3.2 2.5 2.5 3.3 3.4 Cigarettes 1.4 3.0 2 2 2.0 3.1 3.1 Tires 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.2 02 Intermediate goods 4 4 8.1 9.1 10 3 9.7 9.0 Cement 0 6 0.6 0.8 1.3 1.0 2.3 Petroleum products 3.9 7.4 8.3 9 0 8.7 6 7 Other 9.5 13.1 31.4 54.6 38.4 43.1 Source Ministr of Industry, Republic of Sudan 97 Table A9.4: Consumption of petroleum products (thousand metric tons) 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Gasoline 181.9 193.9 179.8 217 7 203.1 248 2 242.2 274.9 Kerosene 3.0 6.1 3.8 100 9.1 92 7.0 2.0 Gas oil 646 5 778.2 715.1 766 6 812.1 846 5 825.7 849.3 Furnace 1500 (Fuel oil) 252.1 384 1 340.4 280.9 247.4 188 2 288 8 340.3 Airplane gas 80.0 83.4 79.4 65.9 75 8 106 0 102 7 115.7 Diesel 31.0 40 9 45.4 42.0 34 5 35 0 47.5 73.6 LPG -- -- 16.8 19.4 22.1 24.0 27.6 29.5 Total 1194.7 1486.6 1382.3 1403.7 1431 6 1458.3 1542 0 1685.9 Source: Mimstry of Energy and Mining, Republic of Sudan Table A9.5: Exports and imports, petroleum and oil (thousand metric ton) 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Imports ofpetroleum products 1120 1 1337 3 1275.1 1362 1367.4 1204.2 11664 2325.1 Exports of Petrol Products -- - - -- -- -- -- 411.5 Exports of crude petroleum -- -- -- -- -- -- 2148.5 75356 Source Ministry of Energy and Mining, Republic of Sudan 98 Table A9.6: Summary table from the Sudanese National Electricity Corporation 1994/95 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Energy generated (GWH) 1864 994 2063 2150 2160 2243 2449 Energy sales (GWH) 1343 736 1380 1344 1517 1317 1416 Residential and staff 780 437 774 664 713 619 651 Of which staff 22 11 38 - - - - Government & street lighting 78 40 106 95 273 237 167 Commercial 74 40 80 116 152 619 116 Industrial 378 200 388 469 349 - 426 Agricultural pumps 33 19 32 -- 30 26 27 GWH losses & internal consumption 521 258 683 806 644 927 922 Revenue from electricity sale (SDD million) 28409 19419 7135 9463 10591 17270 22763 Expenditure (SDD million) 41950 3115.6 12423 20879 23666 24254 37712 Numberofconsumersa 39044 405414 407559 407565 444224 518000 414295 Number employees 11846 11374 10174 17255 17500 10500 17850 NECfuelconsumption('OOOton)b/ 280 124 321 355 295 315 389 Source: National Electricity Corporation, Republic of Sudan a/ Refers to nunber of connections b/ Refers to fuel oil, diesel, and gas oil GWH: giga watt hour Table A9.7: Tariffs for electricity consumers (Sudanese Dinar/kwh) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Industrial 9 8 12 13 16 Domestic (households) 8 9 11 11 18 Agriculture 5 6 10 11 15 Unified (incl. Commercial, govt., semi-govt) 15 16 20 21 27 Govermment offices - 9 16 17 21 Source. National Electncity Corporation kwh. kilo watt hour 99 APPENDIX 10. PRICES 100 Table A10.1: Consumer price index 1970-2001 (Janua 1990=100) Year High income group Medium income group Low income group General price index CPI % change CPI % change CPI % change CPI % change 1970 1.1 -- I 0 1.0 l 1971 1.1 0.0 I 0 0.0 1.1 10.0 1972 12 9.1 I I 10.0 12 9.1 1973 1 4 16.7 1.3 18.2 1.4 16.7 1974 1.7 21.4 1.7 30.8 1.7 21.4 1975 2.1 23.5 _ 2 1 23.5 2.1 23.5 1976 21 0.0 21 0.0 2.1 0.0 1977 2.5 19.0 2.4 14.3 2.5 19.0 1978 3 0 20.0 2.8 16.7 2.9 16.0 1979 4.0 33.3 3.8 35.7 3.9 34.5 1980 5.0 25.0 4.8 26.3 4.9 25.6 1981 6.1 22.0 5.9 22.9 6.0 22.4 1982 7.9 29.5 _ 7.5 27.1 7.7 28.3 1983 10.4 31.6 _ 9.8 30.7 10.1 31.2 1984 13.6 30.8 _ 13.1 33.7 13.4 32.7 1985 20.0 47.1 _ _ 19.1 45.8 19.6 46.3 1986 25.6 28.0 _ _ 24 7 29.3 25.2 28.6 1987 31.8 24.2 31.1 25.9 31.4 24.6 1988 46.6 46.5 47 2 51.8 46.9 49.4 1989 81.7 75.3 _ 816 72.9 81.6 74.0 1990 135.0 65.2 134.3 -- 137.5 68.5 134.9 65.3 1991 295.7 119.0 306.0 127.8 305.0 121.8 303.1 124.7 1992 666.4 125.4 665.9 117.6 650.9 113.4 664.3 119.2 1993 1338.2 100.8 1340.4 101.3 1310.7 101.4 1336.4 101.2 1994 2899.9 116.7 2888.3 115.5 2843.2 116.9 2896.2 116.7 1995 4944.2 70.5 4863.2 68.4 4787 5 68.4 4876.5 68.4 1996 11040.0 123.3 11317.6 132.7 11263.5 135.3 11235.5 130.4 1997 16179.1 46.5 16604.3 46.7 16491.1 46.4 16475.1 46.6 1998 18891 3 16.8 19444.9 17.1 19298.6 17.0 19276.8 17.0 1999 22037.5 16.7 22555.0 16.0 22336.1 15.7 22388.3 16.1 2000 23787.4 7.9 24366.9 8.0 24206.3 8.4 24190.1 8.0 2001 24985.8 5.0 25553.9 4.9 25370.1 4.8 25377.5 4.9 Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Finance and National Economy 101 Table A10.2: Monthly consumer price index (January 1990=100) High Income Groups Medium Income Groups Lower Income Groups 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 January 18014 20129 22878 23615 18512 20389 23395 24281 18385 20256 23200 24227 February 17690 20226 22927 23450 18085 20522 23301 24006 17977 20364 23094 23933 March 17253 20572 23610 23710 17570 20896 23993 24260 17483 20759 23776 24163 April 17132 20851 23346 23807 17329 21206 23737 24266 17208 21012 23528 24178 May 18187 21345 23282 24705 18715 21807 23738 25377 18568 21619 23529 25290 June 18731 22932 23794 25587 19381 23664 24291 26183 19187 23441 24033 26018 July 19750 23216 24634 26328 20601 23934 25451 27098 20362 23632 25168 26848 August 19769 22997 24830 26581 20594 23652 25772 27453 20396 23354 25626 27097 September 19954 22728 24378 25648 20560 23228 25207 26201 20396 22959 25155 25922 October 19996 22788 23579 25126 20626 23317 24151 25454 20536 23043 24090 25175 November 20363 23631 24250 25353 21124 24362 24889 25783 20969 24106 24861 25554 December 19857 23035 23939 25919 20242 23686 24478 26284 20116 23488 24417 26034 Annual average 18891 22037 23787 24986 19445 22555 24367 25554 19299 22336 24206 25370 Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Finance and National Economy 102 Table A10.3: Wholesale price indices of selected commodities (January 1999=100) 1999 2000 2001 2002* Dura grain (Dap) 109.7 162.2 168.6 113.1 Dura grain (Fet) 111.3 225.3 255.5 165.9 Dukhngrain 110.9 181.6 216.9 157.1 Wheatgrain 117.7 1252 116.0 91.0 Wheat flour 103.6 103.5 98.8 97.3 Rice 108.5 107.1 772 94.2 Macroni 103.4 105.7 104 4 106 6 Shearia 103.4 105 7 103.3 105.5 White cheese 112 4 119.5 130.4 113.6 Sesame seed oil 92.1 79.0 64.9 60.4 Groundnut oil 103.7 729 66.3 78.1 Cotton seed oil 811 58.1 42.9 53.0 Onions 90.8 74.7 100 4 60.7 Tomatoes 537 0 604.1 691.1 709.2 Cucumber 150.5 155.6 169.5 188.8 Dned bamia 67.8 84.5 81.3 93.5 Tomato sauce 105.9 114.4 93.3 91.5 Bean (Egyptian) 156.7 158.3 93.2 102.7 Fasulia (White beans) 95.6 70.0 65.5 72.6 Lentils 103.8 97 1 81.8 85.7 Lemon 74 1 48.0 58.5 78.3 Grap fruit 133.1 114.3 127.4 164.4 Oranges 113 8 103 8 126.3 143.5 Mangoes 116.1 136.2 145.2 137.2 Gawafa 117.3 101.2 103 7 107.3 Dried dates 86.5 56.7 56.7 69.3 Potatoes 126.6 1106 804 113.2 Sugar 109.9 112.7 122.3 124.5 Tea 97.9 101.1 106.3 104.9 Washing soap 96.7 79.2 62.0 72.8 Washing powder 111.5 120.0 119.3 121 2 General Index 103 0 100.0 93.8 95 3 * Average for the months of January and February Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Finance and National Economy 103 Table A10.4: Consumer prices of selected commodities in Khartoum state in 2001 (Dinars per unit) Unit January February March April May June July August September October November December Average Dura grain (Dap) Ruba 527.8 515.6 499.7 488.5 499.9 477.4 484.0 480.0 462.5 4195 412.9 405.4 472.7 Duragrain(Fet) Ruba 454.2 4149 427.1 428.5 427.2 4130 405.6 431 9 385.8 347.2 349.3 327.8 401.0 Dukhn grain Ruba 564 6 577.9 572.2 577.2 574.1 558.0 575.7 579.9 569.3 559 0 531.2 492.0 560.9 Wheat grain Ruba 598.9 601.7 654.9 565.3 551 4 520.2 514.9 549 0 528.5 507.6 524.0 514.9 552.6 Rice Kilo 167.4 179.0 176.6 175.7 180 4 182.7 172 8 164.4 163.7 157.3 166.1 149.7 169.6 Dura flour Kilo 87.5 75 0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75 0 75.0 83.3 83.3 86.5 78.4 Wheat flour Kilo 125.0 125.0 125.0 133.8 116.7 116.7 1250 125.0 141 7 125.0 125.0 125.0 1257 Kisera 2 sheets 20.0 20 0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 Bread Kilo 143.7 141.7 149.8 144.7 170.4 170.1 171.3 167.5 172.9 172.5 169.4 172.5 162.2 Macroni Kilo 390.1 400.7 415.3 407 0 418.4 420.0 410.7 400.9 401.4 401 4 399.8 407.6 406.1 Shearia Kilo 390.1 400.7 415.3 407 4 430.2 420.0 410.7 400.9 401.4 396.4 399.8 407.6 406 7 Lamb meat Kilo 723.6 710.4 702.1 684.3 660.8 691.7 7021 681.3 6667 6118 604.2 627.1 672.2 Cow meat Kilo 586.1 582.6 578.5 580.6 580.6 594.9 600.0 594.4 567 4 506.3 508.0 510.4 565.8 Chicken Kilo 845.8 843.8 837 5 803.3 826.6 890.0 897.1 899.0 871 9 893.8 893.8 909.4 867.6 Fish, fresh Kilo 448 6 427.4 424.5 415 3 430.3 461.1 481.3 487.2 506.3 506.3 479.5 477.8 462 1 Fish, dried Kilo 376.2 364.8 370.8 346.9 328.6 366.2 394 1 414.2 477.6 458.4 377.3 417.7 391.1 Milk 500 ml 66.7 66 7 67.5 66.7 66.7 66.7 66.7 66.7 67.5 71.7 73.3 72.9 68.3 White cheese Kilo 753.8 734.0 714.6 740.3 728.2 731 7 776.9 834.7 800.7 790.5 773.3 780.2 763.2 Eggs Dozen 276.6 266.2 259.9 258.8 264 6 265 0 269.8 278.1 268.8 267.1 266 7 266.7 267 3 Sesame oil Rottle 158.6 149.4 147.2 149.8 150.6 154.5 150.0 153.1 153.1 151.0 151.1 146.5 151.2 Cottonseedoil Rottle 110.7 108.5 109.2 105.2 104.1 103.8 104.6 106.7 102.7 103.3 100.0 100.0 104.9 Groundnut oil Rottle 105.2 103.8 104.4 104 3 103.0 100.8 101.7 106.7 102.8 101.6 100 5 100.0 102.9 Source. Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Finance and National Economy 104