Gender-Based Violence Country Profile GRENADA Contents INTRODUCTION 3 PREVALENCE OF GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE: PRE- AND POST-COVID 4 SOCIAL NORMS WHICH DRIVE GBV 7 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK 8 GBV RESPONSE MECHANISMS AND SERVICES 12 APPENDIX 1 – INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN CASES OF VAW 15 APPENDIX 2 – UN WOMEN: MEASURES AGAINST VIOLENCE AGAINST 17 WOMEN (GRENADA) GLOSSARY 18 REFERENCES 19 World Bank GBV Country Profile: GRENADA Page 3 INTRODUCTION Though referred to as Grenada, the island state is in where unemployment is higher for women than men, fact a collection of three islands - Grenada, Carriacuo, and female participation is lower. In 2017, the female and Petit Martinique, cooperatively governed as unemployment rate for Grenada was 31.8 percent, Grenada. Known as the ‘Spice Isle”, Grenada is the compared to 17.8 per cent for men,5 and approximately second smallest independent country in the Western 53 per cent of the working age women are in the labour Hemisphere.1 The island has a youthful population, with force.6 Available data7 also shows that the majority of a median age of 29 years, and the last census in 2021, business- related loans go to men, and where women places its population at 124.610 people – 62,356 males access such loans, they do so in collaboration with men, and 62,254 females and have a life expectancy almost 2 rather than on their own. Together these indicators five years longer than men. Grenada is ranked 68th suggest that women are not fully integrated into the on the global Human Development Index (HDI) which 3 formal economy in Grenada, and labour force data places the country in the High human development confirm that occupational sex segregation remains category. entrenched in the Grenadian labour market.8 For the five years prior to the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, economic growth in Grenada was considered ‘robust’. The COVID-19 pandemic threatened the economic expansion and changed the outlook for Grenada. Economic output collapsed by 11.2% in 2020 after seven consecutive years of growth.4 The Labour Market in Grenada is reflective of the global situation 1 https://www.caribank.org/countries-and-members/borrowing-members/grenada 2 Population, male – Grenada. Data. (n.d.). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL.MA.IN?locations=GD 3 HDI is based on average measures of achievements on life expectancy, education and living standards. For more information see: https://hdr.undp.org/data-cen- ter/specific-country-data#/countries/GRD 4 Caribean Development Bank (2020) Grenada Country Economic review 2020 5 Grenada: Spotlight Country Programme (2019). Unpublished report. 6 2017 is the latest data available for unemployment dissagregated by gender in Grenada 7 See Caribbean Development Bank (2014). Grenada: Country Poverty Assessment. 8 UN Women (2019). Status of Men and Women Report: Productive Employment and Decent Work for All. A Gender Analysis of Labour Force Data and Policy Frameworks in Six CARICOM Member States. UN Women, MCO, Barbados. World Bank GBV Country Profile: GRENADA Page 4 PREVALENCE OF GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE: PRE- AND POST-COVID UN Women Prevalence Data on Different Forms of The key findings from this survey were: Violence against Women:9 Lifetime Prevalence of physical and/ or sexual — Lifetime Physical and/or Sexual Intimate Partner Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in Grenada is 29 per Violence: Official National Statistics Not Available cent. This means that almost thirty per cent of women — Physical and/or Sexual Intimate Partner Violence in Grenada have experienced some kind of physical in the last 12 months: Official National Statistics or sexual violence in their intimate relationships over Not Available their lifetime. The physical violence may include being slapped, kicked/punched, or threatened with, or injured — Lifetime Non-Partner Sexual Violence: Official by, a weapon. National Statistics Not Available Among those Grenadian women who suffer lifetime Grenada is one of the five countries in the Caribbean physical violence from their intimate partner, more for which there is relatively recent data on the than two-thirds of them this violence is severe – prevalence of Violence Against Women and Girls hitting, kicking, burning or threatening with a weapon. (VAWG). In 2018, a Women’s Health and Life For many women the abuse does not stop during Experiences Survey was carried out by the Grenada pregnancy. Among ever-pregnant women, 5.3 per cent Central Statistical Office using the World Health reported being beaten during at least one pregnancy, Organization (WHO) Multi-Country methodology. The including in her stomach. These beatings are almost survey collected data on women’s experiences with universally perpetrated by the father of the child. physical, sexual, emotional and economic violence in intimate relationships, and with non-partner sexual Close to one in every ten Grenadian women violence. It examined whether this had happened to has experienced sexual violence in her intimate women at any point over their lives (lifetime prevalence), relationships over her lifetime. Sexual violence and if it happened in the 12 months prior to the survey includes being raped by a partner, or sexually assaulted (current prevalence). in some other way, including intimidated into having 9 UN Women Global Database on Violence against Women. (n.d.). Grenada. https://evaw-global-database.unwomen.org/en/countries/americas/grenada World Bank GBV Country Profile: GRENADA Page 5 sex, or forced to engage in sexual acts to which the IV. Early Cohabitation: Grenadian women who had women object. entered into their first union at 18 years of age or younger reported experiencing lifetime physical Emotional abuse is the most common form of IPV and/or sexual violence at higher rates than those and suffered by about three in every ten Grenadian among women who had been 19 or older when they women. entered their first union, or those who had never lived with a male intimate partner. The data identifies key associated factors and triggers of IPV in Grenada. Among these are age, education V. Women who partnered with men who were level, non-consensual partnering, early cohabitation, older, had low levels of education, were involved in and partner controlling behaviours. another intimate relationship, and drank frequently experienced higher IPV prevalence than other I. Age: Prevalence of current physical violence for women. those in the 20-39 age group is almost two times higher than for those for older and younger women. VI. The man’s attempts to control a woman’s When sexual violence is included, the prevalence activities and choices were also associated with of current physical and/or sexual violence for higher rates of IPV for their partners.10 women in that age group is more than double that experienced by younger and older women. Women’s exposure to violence is shown to have clear negative consequences for their physical and II. Education: Experiences of IPV are higher for women emotional health. Survivors were more likely to have with lower levels of education, and are particularly suicidal thoughts (15.7%), and to use recreational drugs high for women who have only completed primary (4.7%), than women who did not experience IPV. The school. data also confirms the intergenerational nature of the experience and use of violence. Women partnered with III. Non-Consensual Unions: Women who are in men who witnessed or experienced physical abuse relationships with a partner they did not choose, during childhood,11 had higher rates of IPV. experience current physical and/or sexual violence at a rate almost twice as high as other women. Non-Partner Sexual Violence (NPSV)12: Throughout their lifetime, 23.4 per cent of women in Grenada have 10 Nicholson, C. and DeShong, H. (2019). Women’s Health and Life Experiences Study Report 2018. Government of Grenada, UN Women, and Caribbean Deve- lopment Bank. 11 That is, saw his mother beaten or he was beaten as a child. 12 NPSV includes forced intercourse, attempted intercourse, unwanted sexual touching and sexual harassment perpetrated by someone other than an intimate partner. World Bank GBV Country Profile: GRENADA Page 6 experienced at least one form of sexual violence by administrative data from the Royal Grenada Police someone who was not their intimate partner. One in Force (RGPF), the Grenada Country Gender Assessment ten women have been raped13, and one in ten have (2014)15 noted that 1,630 cases of sexual offences were also experienced attempts to rape them. A higher reported by the RGPF from 2000 to 2010. The majority percentage of women, have experienced unwanted of cases involved indecent assault (718), defilement of sexual touching (15.5 per cent ), and sexual harassment women (469), and rape (317). Twelve cases of carnal (26.6 per cent), over their lifetime. Approximately 20 abuse were reported over the decade for which data per cent of Grenadian women report being sexually is presented. Additional data from the RGPF show abused as children, and 11 per cent had their first large increases in the number of reported cases of sexual encounter before they were 15 years old. The domestic violence between 2012 and 2016.16 In 2012, perpetrators of NPSV were most likely to be people the police received 29 (6 males and 23 female victims) known to the women, mainly friends and acquaintances reports of domestic violence (DV), and by 2016 this had (60 percent) and family members (23 per cent)14. ballooned to 870 reported cases (270 male victims and 600 female). Using available administrative data, 65% Overall, the data paints a picture in which women and of all reported DV incidents were associated with IPV, girls are at risk of physical and sexual violence from with women accounting for 91 per cent of the victims, both their intimate partners, friends, acquaintances, the majority of whom were physically and verbally and members of her own family. This confirms that abused.17 what is known about VAWG globally is also true for Grenada: the main threat to women and girls is not It is not clear whether this exponential growth in the from strangers, but from people with whom they have number of reported cases was due to changes in the intimate, non-intimate, and familial relationships. actual number of occurrences, or to changes to the Domestic Violence Act which added new, previously Other sources of data on VAWG confirm the high unavailable protections for victims.18 Similarly, the prevalence of IPV reported by the Survey. The percentage of arrests and charges of all alleged National Domestic Violence and Sexual Abuse Protocol offenders for domestic violence increased from 1% in for Grenada identifies IPV and sexual violence as the 2012 to 34% in 2016119. most prevalent forms of VAWG in the country. Using 13 Lifetime prevalence of non-partner rape is 10.7 per cent, with the corresponding figure for attempted rape being 10.4 per cent ( Nicholson and DeShong, 2019). 14 Only 11.9 per cent of women experienced NPSV perpetrated by a stranger. 15 Baksh,Rawwida (2014). Country Gender Assessment, Grenada, 2014. Caribbean Development Bank, Barbados. 16 Reported in Spotlight Country Programme Document, 2019. 17 Based on 2011reported in the Spotlight Country Programme Report, 2019. 18 See section below for more details. 19 Spotlight Country Programme Document, 2019. World Bank GBV Country Profile: GRENADA Page 7 The RGPF reports that between 2005 and 2013, 14 Impact of COVID-19: homicides were linked to domestic violence, all but one of which were IPV against women. Grenada is one of the four countries in the Caribbean that recorded an increase in femicide in the rate per Girls are over represented in the sexual offence cases 100,000 women from 2019 to 202022. Pre-COVID-19 reported to the police,20 and are at risk of sexual abuse levels of domestic and gender-based violence (GBV), within the home. Young girls are the almost exclusive were already too high in the Caribbean region, there victims of incest and abuse by step-fathers,21 as well is no further information on how COVID 19 impacted as by other family members and acquaintances. Grenada or if it increased GBV in the country. SOCIAL NORMS WHICH DRIVE GBV Notwithstanding Grenada’s many efforts to combat about gender roles that rationalize and support GBV. GBV and improve the personal security of women and Beliefs around gendered issues such care work, and girls, ‘a number of systemic and ideological challenges fidelity continue to restrict women’s autonomy, giving in addressing GBV in Grenada remain’.23 Among these credence to men’s controlling behaviours, threats and remaining barriers are social norms which have allowed use of violence against women. Even non-violent men GBV to thrive across generations. ‘remain committed to unequal arrangements of power based on gender’.24 As in many CARICOM states, these Examination of the social norms which serve to views are shaped by religious teachings, beliefs about entrench GBV found that Grenadian society still male entitlement to women’s bodies, perception that closely adheres to patriarchal/traditional gender IPV is a private matter, and acceptance of corporal norms which is based on systems and assumptions punishment as a means of discipline.25 20 Girls represented over 85 per cent of reports of sexual abuse. See Sealy-Burke, Jacqueline, Review of Policing and Prosecutions of Sexual Offences. Country Report for Grenada, 2010. 21 Jones and Jemmott. 2009. Perceptions of, Attitudes to, and Opinions on Child Sexual Abuse in the Eastern Caribbean. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/ eprint/8923/1/Child_Sexual_Abuse_in_the_Eastern_Caribbean_Final_9_Nov.pdf 22 The pandemic in the shadows: femicides or feminicides in 2020 in Latin America and the Caribbean https://www.cepal.org/sites/default/files/infographic/ files/21-00792_folleto_the_pandemic_in_the_shadows_web.pdf 23 DeShong, H. (2019). Women’s Health and Life Experiences: A Qualitative Research Report oN Violence Against Women in Grenada, 2018. UN Women, Barba- dos. 24 ibid 25 Grenada Spotlight Country Programme Document (2019). World Bank GBV Country Profile: GRENADA Page 8 This was confirmed by the Women’s Health and Life experience. But women do not believe that VAWG is Experiences Survey (WHLES) 26 which found that acceptable or justified; over 90 per cent of women the prevailing views of women in Grenadian society in the WHLES rejected the suggestion that there about women and men’s roles in the family and in was any condition under which a man can justifiably intimate relationships are largely in line with traditional inflict violence on his partner. These mixed results assumptions about gender. For the most part, men demonstrate that, while there is blind loyalty to some are predominantly seen as breadwinners and women norms, in other cases there is a willingness to break as nurturers and responsible for domestic duties. from conservative beliefs which fuel GBV. Perceptions are changing, as evidenced from the findings of the WHLES, which show that women are Under-reporting of VAWG in Grenada is a serious almost universal in their belief that men and women concern. According to the Director of Social should share authority in the family (93.4 per cent), Development in the Ministry of Social Development, even while almost 70 per cent nonetheless believed “many victims of sexual abuse and domestic violence that a man was the ‘natural’ head of the family. do not report these cases to [the] authorities. These ingrained societal norms reinforce the unequal Victims may remain silent because of stigma, self- gender power relations and the intersecting forms blame, fear of the perpetrator, but above all, lack of of discrimination and violence that women and girls confidence in the system.”27 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK Gender equality in the legal framework: With regards Grenada has established a wide-ranging legislative to overall gender equality in the legal framework, and policy framework to address GBV. This framework according to the World Bank’s 2021 “Women, Business is anchored in the Constitution of Grenada (1973), which and the Law” study, Grenada scores 80.6 out of is the supreme law and safeguards the human rights 100. When it comes to constraints on freedom of of all persons within the country, holding the State movement, laws affecting women’s pay, constraints accountable for violations of human rights. Similar to related to marriage, gender differences in property and all countries of the English-speaking Caribbean, it has inheritance, and laws affecting the size of a woman’s ratified most of the International Conventions aimed pension, Grenada gets a perfect score . 28 at addressing GBV and promoting gender equality and 26 The survey included a module on gender roles and attitudes to VAWG. 27 Country Gender Assessment, Grenada, 2014 28 World Bank. (2021). Women, Business and the Law 2021 https://wbl.worldbank.org/content/dam/documents/wbl/2022/snapshots/Grenada.pdf World Bank GBV Country Profile: GRENADA Page 9 developed local national policy frameworks and action — The inclusion of orders relating to practical and plans to directly guide its GBV response. economic matters such as the use of household effects, and payment of rent, mortgage and The major international conventions to which the utilities. These provide some financial relief for the country is party include the Convention on the complainant. Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against — Mandating the response of the RGPF to complaints Women (CEDAW), the Convention on the Rights of domestic violence and requiring that all reports of the Child, the Inter-American Convention on the of domestic violence be formally recorded. Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence against Women, also known as the Convention of — An order mandating the offender to attend Belem do Para, the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress professional counseling or psycho-educational and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women programming. and Children , and the Optional Protocol on the Sale 29 of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography II. Child (Protection and Adoption) Act (No. 20 of which it ratified in 2012. 2010): This law introduced mandatory reporting of child abuse, making it the direct responsibility Within the last eight (8) years, a number of laws of prescribed duty bearers to report actual and were enacted to address violence against women suspected cases of abuse. It established the Child and girls. These include: Protection Authority, which is a specialized agency to handle the reporting, investigation and case I. Domestic Violence Act (No. 19 of 2010): This Act management of all child abuse cases. replaced an older (2001) version, and augmented the protection of victims from domestic violence III. Amendments to the sexual offences provisions by including several new features: in the Criminal Code (No 29 of 2012), including introduction of marital rape, stiffening of penalties — Expanded categories of persons who can apply for some offences30, the removal of defenses which for protection from domestic violence to persons allowed men to claim, inter alia, “an honest belief’ in visiting and dating relationships, and not just in that a girl was over the age of consent in relation residential relationships, as is still the case in some to sexual assault of a minor31, and the lifting of countries in the OECS; 29 The Grenadian Parliament approved an anti-trafficking legislation in 2014. 30 In the Amendment to the Criminal Code, the maximum penalty for rape was increased from 15 years to 30 years imprisonment. Other sexual offences that now have a maximum of 30 years imprisonment are sexual intercourse with a person under thirteen years; incest by male (if the other person is under 13 years); and sexual intercourse with a step- child, foster child, ward or dependent (if the other person is under 13 years). Marital rape carries a maximum sentence of 14 years imprisonment. The penalty for what the Act calls “Defilement of female between thirteen and sixteen years of age”, was increased from five (5) to fifteen (15) years. 31 The “honest belief” provision allowed any defendant to claim that he had reason to believe that the child was above the age of consent at the time of the inci- dent. The amendment removed this defense for defendants above the age of nineteen who are charged with sexual intercourse with a minor age 13-16 years. A defendant up to the age of nineteen can use this defense only if the minor is more than 12 years old, and if the defendant was not previously charged with a similar offence. World Bank GBV Country Profile: GRENADA Page 10 restrictive limitation periods within which an action have not yet been developed and approved to provide must begin. It also widens the definition of rape 32 procedural guidance for implementation of the parent to include anal penetration, a rare provision among legislation. Additionally, there is no evidence that any of CARICOM states, most of which limit the definition these laws have a specific definition of violence against of rape to vaginal penetration. women. Currently sexual harassment is not punishable by law. However, a Draft Bill which has provisions for IV. Electronic Crimes Act (No 23 of 2013) and its punishment of Sexual Harassment in institutional amendments: This Act and its amendments make settings such as workplaces, schools, and places of it possible to hold perpetrators accountable for worship has been up for consideration since 2012.34 the exploitation of victims via online and other electronic media; The legislative landscape to combat GBV in Grenada is buttressed by a strong policy and strategic framework V. Revised Police Standing Orders (Statutory Rules to develop and implement programmes to protect and Regulation 19): These revisions detail the women and girls from violence. This framework procedures to be followed by the police once an includes: occurrence of DV is reported. Gender Equality Policy and Action Plan (GEPAP) VI. Amendments to the Education Act to address (2014-2024): This Plan identifies specific actions allegations of sexual violence by teachers and to be taken, indicators and outcomes to monitor principals. The Act prescribes a specific course implementation, and key stakeholder responsibility of action to be pursued where such allegations for advancing gender equality in Grenada. In its policy are made. These include the disciplinary action statement on VAWG, the Government of Grenada and penalties to be applied during the period of (GOG) undertakes to ‘promote human security’ by investigation. 33 coordinating key responders such as the police, legal system, social and health services ‘to combat and Despite this comprehensive legal framework, in some reduce all forms of violence, especially gender- based instances, such as the DV Act of 2010, regulations violence’.35 32 The law previously required that a report of sexual intercourse with a minor be made within three months of the alleged incident. The Amendment removed the time limitation. 33 This period should not exceed 60 days. 34 See Grenada: Report on The Implementation of The Recommendations from The Mechanism for Follow Up on Convention Belem Do Para (MESECVI) Second Round. OEA/Ser.L/ II.7.10 MESECVI/I-CE/doc.20/14 August 15th, 2014. https://www.oas.org/es/mesecvi/docs/MESECVI-I-CE-doc.20.ing.Grenada%20Re- port.pdf Reports of sexual harassment are received and addressed by the Ministry of Labour on a case by case basis. 35 Division of Gender and Family Affairs (2019). Grenada: Comprehensive National Review on Implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. https://www.cepal.org/sites/default/files/events/files/grenada_comprehensive_national_review_to_beijing_25_may_2019.pdf World Bank GBV Country Profile: GRENADA Page 11 National Domestic Violence and Sexual Abuse victims of domestic and sexual violence who require Protocol (2011): provide guidelines for appropriate particular attention, such as women and girls who face response to, and management of, reports/ incidents of multiple causes of vulnerability (those arising from Domestic and Sexual Violence. The Protocol identifies economic, social, cultural and educational factors); law enforcement, health care, social service, and legal persons with disabilities, and those living in home and service sectors as key responders to GBV, and which communities which make them particularly at risk of together should form the coordinated and integrated GBV.37 response mechanism to such reports/incidents. The Protocol also identifies the role of the Ombudsman in Health Care Sector Standard Operating Procedures the process of holding agents of the State, as duty- (SOP) for GBV (2014): Provides protocols and steps bearers, accountable. This Protocol was initiated by to guide the interaction between the Health Sector the Grenada National Organization of Women (GNOW), and survivors of GBV. It contains sections with special a prominent civil society organization, and supported considerations for elderly women, children, men, and by the Ministry of National Mobilization and other mentally incapable patients. The Ministry of Social stakeholders.36 Development has sought to develop SOPs with other key responders, but no other has been finalized and National Strategic Action Plan to Reduce GBV approved. (NSAP-GBV): The Plan is built around ten strategies which are expected to, together, address all facets of This overarching policy framework to combat GBV also GBV prevention and response. These strategies include: includes the GBV Unit Sexual Assault Response Guide, (i) addressing social norms that foster GBV; (ii) building the National Child Abuse Protocol (2011), and the Child key responders’ capacity, including the MoSD, through Protection Action Plan (2017). training and technical support; and, (iii) developing a multi-partner agency approach to address GBV. It also Implementation of these Policies and Plans have includes strategies for the rehabilitation of offenders lagged. Grenada’s National Review on Implementation and improving the quality of services, particularly legal of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and medical services available to survivors. It also seeks openly acknowledged that implementation of these to improve community mobilization and outreach, and Policies and Plans was a challenge for Grenada. It offer some long-term support for GBV survivors and identified weaknesses in implementation of the Health their families. The plan acknowledges the intersectional Sector GBV-SOP, the GEPAP, the National Child Abuse nature of GBV risk and vulnerability, and requires the Protocol, and the mandatory reporting provisions of GOG to develop special services and programmes for the Child Protection and Adoption Act. 36 See Grenada: Report on The Implementation of The Recommendations from The Mechanism for Follow Up on Convention Belem Do Para (MESECVI) Second Round. OEA/Ser.L/ II.7.10 MESECVI/I-CE/doc.20/14 August 15th, 2014. https://www.oas.org/es/mesecvi/docs/MESECVI-I-CE-doc.20.ing.Grenada%20Re- port.pdf 37 ibid: Summary of the NSAP-GBV at Appendix II of report. World Bank GBV Country Profile: GRENADA Page 12 GBV RESPONSE MECHANISMS AND SERVICES Weak or Inadequate institutional capacity has Council of Gender Focal Points, which comprises senior hampered full implementation of the legal and technical officers in the public sector, the Division policy framework to address GBV in Grenada. Critical leads activities to promote gender mainstreaming in elements of the state machinery in all three islands are GOG laws, policies and programmes. Since 2018, the inadequately resourced to coordinate and implement Division has worked with the RGPF through a Technical laws, policies, and protocols to address GBV.38 The Working Group (TWG) on GBV to continually assess and main state institutions involved in GBV prevention and refine approaches to GBV prevention and response.39 response are: a) The Gender and Family Affairs Division in the Ministry of Social Development, Housing and The GBV Unit was established in the Division of Gender Community Empowerment; and b) the Royal Grenada and Family Affairs in 200340. Though described as Police Force. The Legal Aid and Counselling Clinic, ‘initially understaffed’41, it has organized and led several though operated by an NGO, receives state funding for initiatives and campaigns to prevent and respond to the provision of GBV services. GBV, including development and implementation of the NSAP-GBV. The Unit also provides direct social The Division of Gender and Family Affairs in the and psychological services to victims of IPV and adult Ministry of Social Development, Housing and victims of sexual abuse. This includes counselling, a Community Empowerment is the coordinating psychoeducational programme developed specifically mechanism mandated to improve responses to GBV. for survivors, child protection, and social safety nets It is also responsible for national data collection and such as the Support for Education, Empowerment reporting on GBV. It leads the implementation of and Development (SEED) Programme which provides all the major gender equality and GBV prevention financial payments to the poorest and most vulnerable, policies, plans and strategies of the GOG, working in and housing and relocation to Cedars Home for Abused collaboration with the relevant partner state and non- Women and Their Children, if needed. state agencies. Working through the Inter-Ministerial 38 Division of Gender and Family Affairs (2019). Grenada: Comprehensive National Review on Implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. 39 The TWG is required to identify roles, responsibilities and services of key entities, and the gaps in delivery of services and strategies to address them. It is also examining proposals for a Sexual Offenders Registry. 40 Previously called Domestic Violence Unit. 41 Nicholson and DeShong (2019). World Bank GBV Country Profile: GRENADA Page 13 The Royal Grenada Police Force established a Special Partnerships with other Civil Society Organisations Victims Unit (SVU) in 2018, to respond to cases of (CSOs) are an important part of the Institutional intimate partner violence/domestic violence, sexual mechanisms and services to prevent and respond to violence and child abuse. The SVU is part of the GBV. Across Grenada, there are approximately twenty Criminal Investigations Department and is operated CSOs involved in activities related to the right to life by Police Officers who have been specially trained to without violence,42 many of which participate in the handle GBV cases. The Unit delivers direct services formulation, implementation and monitoring of laws, to victims, including a Hotline to receive grievances, policies and actions dealing with violence against and is also involved in advocacy and public education women. They also participate in consultations and and awareness around GBV. It also provides drafting provide GBV related services under direct contracts services for Protection Orders under the DV Act. from the GOG, and some are supported by the GOG through government grants. The Legal Aid and Counselling Clinic is a service delivered through the Grenada Community Cedars Home is an emergency and medium-term Development Agency (GRENCODA), an NGO. LACC shelter for victims of IPV and their young children.43 It provides the following direct services to survivors of GBV: is Grenada’s only shelter for women who were survivors general legal advice and representation, counselling of IPV, and several weaknesses in its operation and and psychological services, psycho-social and psycho- physical facilities make it inadequate. The Home lacks educational programmes, and mediation services. sufficient capacity in crisis counselling, and it only LACC also administers the Changes Programme – an accommodates few women at a time. evidence-based psycho-social programme for survivors of GBV, and the Man to Man Programme, which is a A number of other NGOs also provide direct services to court-mandated violence intervention programme for survivors. These include: perpetrators of GBV. LACC has been providing these programmes since 2005, receiving a subvention from — Sweet Water Foundation offers a Sexual Violence GoG, and has also received support from UN Women, Help line. the Canadian government, and CDB. — Grenada Planned Parenthood Association (GPPA) Though Grenada does not have a Family Court, DV provides sexual and reproductive health services matters are heard in the normal criminal or civil court and education to women and girls, including system. through their youth arm (i.e. Youth Advocacy 42 Bejing +25 Report. 43 The facility is not child friendly, and boys over age 12 are not allowed in with their mothers due to space and supervision constraints. World Bank GBV Country Profile: GRENADA Page 14 Movement) where they use peer counseling, youth — Inadequacy in the number of counselling services entertainment and talent to reach young audiences. GPPA receives funding from the International — Inadequate emergency shelters, and lack of long- Planned Parenthood Federation and other sources, term housing and financial assistance. as well as a subvention from the GoG. — Not sufficient service providers to assist women While a full assessment of the GBV essential services is through the court system. needed, some gaps and deficiencies have already been identified.44 — The development/revision and full implementation of Standard Operating Procedures across sectors (Health, Social Services, Police, Justice) to ensure the effective provision of comprehensive survivor- centered care. — A system of assisted referrals to facilitate survivors’ access to services available to them. — The lack of capacity to conduct forensic examinations, collect and manage forensic evidence, and to access a forensics laboratory on island remain significant gaps in survivor services and in ensuring perpetrator accountability. — Limited geographical reach of the Special Victims Unit: While performing well, it is not easily accessible to parishes beyond St. George. — Limited effective outreach and access to information and services by marginalized and vulnerable groups in Grenada. 44 Grenada Spotlight Country Programme Document (2019). World Bank GBV Country Profile: GRENADA Page 15 APPENDIX 1 – INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN CASES OF VAW Name GBV Service Contact Division of Family and Gender Affairs Provides direct social and psychological services to victims of IPV and adult Sir Eric Matthew Gairy Botanical victims of sexual abuse. Gardens, St. George’s Grenada, W.I. Tel: +1 (473) 440-2255 This includes counselling, a psychoeducational programme developed Fax: +1 (473) 440-4116 | specifically for survivors, child protection, and social safety nets such as the +1 (473) 435-7285 Support for Education, Empowerment and Development (SEED) Programme Email: pmpress@gov.gd which provides financial payments to the poorest and most vulnerable, Web: www.gov.gd and housing and relocation to Cedars Home for Abused Women and Their Children, if needed. Cedars Home for Abused Women Shelter facility Undisclosed. But information on services available from the Division of Family and Gender affairs (above). Legal Aid Clinic General legal advice and representation, counselling, psychological services, St. John’s St., St. Georges. psycho-social, and mediation. Tel: 1 473-440-3785 Covid-19 emergency contact: 440 3788, 440 3785,419 4112 and 456 7571 WhatsApp : 405 8643. Email:lacc@spiceisle.com. Royal Grenada Police Force (RGPF) Emergency response, investigations, arrests, and providing evidence for Headquarters Fort George, St. prosecution. SVU Hotline George’s Grenada, W.I.. Tel: (473) 440-3999 | (473) 440- 1043 | (473) 440-1047 Call 400 for SVU Hotline World Bank GBV Country Profile: GRENADA Page 16 Civil Society Organizations Sweet Water Foundation Sexual Violence Help line. Branch of an organization located in WhatsApp: Message 473-534- Canada. 5787 Telephone: 473-800-4444 Email:helpline@ sweetwaterfoundation.ca Grenada Planned Parenthood Sexual and reproductive health services and education to women Grenville, Grenada Association (GPPA). and girls, including through their youth arm (i.e. Youth Advocacy Tel: 473-442-5442 Movement). They run two full time clinics in St. George’s and St. Andrew’s. World Bank GBV Country Profile: GRENADA Page 17 APPENDIX 2 – UN WOMEN: MEASURES AGAINST VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN (GRENADA)45 https://evaw-global-database.unwomen.org/en/countries/americas/grenada 45 UN Women. (n.d.). Global Database on Violence against Women. (n.d.). https://evaw-global-database.unwomen.org/en/countries/americas/grenada World Bank GBV Country Profile: GRENADA Page 18 GLOSSARY Gender Roles that are determined socially, behaviours, activities, and attributes that a society considers appropriate for men and women. These roles are contextual and influenced by a society’s culture and traditions, as well as by prevailing religious beliefs. Gender-Based Any act of violence that results in, or the nature of which causes, physical, sexual, or Violence (GBV) psychological harm or suffering to someone because of his or her sex. This including threats through similar acts, coercion, or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether in public or private life (UN, 1993). Sex Refers to the biological and physiological characteristics which differentiate men and women. Sexual Exploitation Any real or attempted abuse of a position of vulnerability, power differential, or relationship of confidence for a sexual purpose, including, but not limited to, taking financial, social, or political advantage of another through sexual means. Sexual Abuse Real or threatened physical intrusion of a sexual nature, whether it be by force or under unequal or coercive conditions. Sexual Harassment Unwelcomed sexual advances, demand for sexual favors, or any other verbal or physical behavior of a sexual nature. In the workplace, submission to these advances or behaviors may made either implicitly or explicitly a condition of continued employment, promotion, or other decisions affecting a person’s employment. World Bank GBV Country Profile: GRENADA Page 19 REFERENCES — Baksh,Rawwida (2014). Country Gender Assessment, Grenada, 2014. Caribbean Development Bank, Barbados. https://www.caribank.org/publications-and-resources/resource-library/gender-assessments/country-gender-as- sessment-grenada-2014 — Caribbean Development Bank (2019). Grenada: Country Economic Review 2019. https://issuu.com/caribank/ docs/cer_2019_grenada — DeShong, H. (2019). Women’s Health and Life Experiences: A Qualitative Research Report oN Violence Against Women in Grenada, 2018. UN Women, Barbados. — Division of Gender and Family Affairs (2019). Grenada: Comprehensive National Review on Implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. https://www.cepal.org/sites/default/files/events/files/grenada_ comprehensive_national_review_to_beijing_25_may_2019.pdf — Division of Gender and Family Affairs (2014). Grenada: Report on The Implementation of The Recommendations from The Mechanism for Follow Up on Convention Belem Do Para (MESECVI) Second Round. OEA/Ser.L/ II.7.10 MESECVI/I-CE/doc.20/14 August 15th, 2014. https://www.oas.org/es/mesecvi/docs/MESECVI-I-CE-doc.20.ing. Grenada%20Report.pdf — United Nations Development Programme (2019). Grenada Spotlight Country Programme Document http://mptf. undp.org/factsheet/project/00119131 — Jones and Jemmott. 2009. Perceptions of, Attitudes to, and Opinions on Child Sexual Abuse in the Eastern Cari- bbean. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/8923/1/Child_Sexual_Abuse_in_the_Eastern_Caribbean_Final_9_Nov.pdf — Nicholson, C. and DeShong, H. (2019). Women’s Health and Life Experiences Study Report 2018. Government of Grenada, UN Women, and Caribbean Development Bank. https://caribbean.unwomen.org/en/materials/publica- tions/2020/8/grenada-womens-health-and-life-experiences-study-2018-report — Population, male - Grenada Data. (n.d.). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL.MA.IN?loca- tions=GDSealy-Burke, Jacqueline, Review of Policing and Prosecutions of Sexual Offences. Country Report for Grenada, 2010. World Bank GBV Country Profile: GRENADA Page 20 — UN Women (2019). Status of Men and Women Report: Productive Employment and Decent Work for All. A Gender Analysis of Labour Force Data and Policy Frameworks in Six CARICOM Member States. UN Women, MCO, Barbados. — World Bank (2021). Women, Business and the Law 2021. https://wbl.worldbank.org/content/dam/documents/ wbl/2022/snapshots/Grenada.pdf Social Sustainability and Inclusion Global Practice, Latin America and the Caribbean Region Published: June 2023