From World Development Indicators 54160 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Economic and social context Business environment Private sector investment Finance and banking Infrastructure THE LITTLE DATA BOOK 2009 ON PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT Copyright ©2009 by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20433 U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing May 2009 ISBN: 978-0-8213-7854-0 E-ISBN: 978-0-8213-7856-4 DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-7854-0 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 is a product of the Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Investment Climate Department of the Financial and Private Sector Development Vice Presidency of the World Bank Group. Editing, design, and layout by Communications Development Incorporated, Washington, D.C. Cover design by Peter Grundy Art & Design, London, U.K. Contents Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Data notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi Regional tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 East Asia and Pacific. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Europe and Central Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Middle East and North Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 South Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Income group tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Low income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Lower middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Upper middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Low and middle income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Euro area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 High income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Country tables (in alphabetical order) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 iii Acknowledgments The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 is based on World Development Indicators 2009 and its accompanying CD-ROM, with a focus on the private sector in development. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 is the result of close collaboration between the staff of the World Bank's Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Investment Climate Department of the Financial and Private Sector Development Vice Presidency. The Development Data Group team included David Cieslikowski, Richard Fix, Buyant Erdene Khaltarkhuu, Raymond Muhula, Beatriz Prieto-Oramas, and William Prince. The Investment Climate Department's project coordinator was Shokraneh Minovi. This effort benefited from input by Cécile Fruman and Andrei Mikhnev. The work was carried out under the management of Shaida Badiee, director of the Development Data Group, and Pierre Guislain, director of the Investment Climate Department. Meta de Coquereaumont, Christopher Trott, and Elaine Wilson of Communications Development Incorporated provided design, editing, and layout. Staff from External Affairs oversaw publication and dissemination of the book. iv 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Preface Publication of this edition of The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development coincides with the unfolding of the global financial crisis. There is strong evidence that crises can stimulate reform of the investment climate. A better investment climate makes economic adjustment easier and helps attract capital to create jobs and provide basic services. Well functioning finance markets and a robust private sector are critical in increasing productivity and growth and in spreading equality of opportunity. The availability of cross-country data on the business environment has expanded rapidly in recent years, including data from the World Bank's Doing Business project and enterprise surveys. These data show the scope and types of regulations that enhance--and constrain--business activity while providing information on business owners' assessments of the business environment. The data have led to new research, enabled benchmarking, and informed the reform process in many developing countries. Included in this guide are indicators on the economic and social context, the business environment, private sector investment, finance and banking, and infrastructure. Though a pocket guide cannot include all relevant variables, the indicators that are included provide users with a general understanding of the private sector in each country. Indicators displayed in the tables are defined in the Glossary, which also lists data sources. We welcome your suggestions for how to improve future editions and make them more useful. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 v Data notes The data in this book are for 2000 and 2007 or the most recent year unless otherwise noted in the table or the Glossary. · Growth rates are proportional changes from the previous year unless otherwise noted. · Regional aggregates include data for low- and middle-income economies only. · Figures in italics indicate data for years or periods other than those specified. Symbols used: .. indicates that data are not available or that aggregates cannot be calculated because of missing data. 0 or 0.0 indicates zero or small enough that the number would round to zero at the displayed number of decimal places. $ indicates current U.S. dollars. Data are shown for economies with populations greater than 30,000 or for smaller economies if they are members of the World Bank. The term country (used interchangeably with economy) does not imply political independence or official recognition by the World Bank but refers to any economy for which the authorities report separate social or economic statistics. vi 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Regional tables The country composition of regions is based on the World Bank's analytical regions and may differ from common geographic usage. East Asia and Pacific American Samoa, Cambodia, China, Fiji, Indonesia, Kiribati, Democratic Republic of Korea, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam Europe and Central Asia Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan Latin America and the Caribbean Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Uruguay, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Middle East and North Africa Algeria, Djibouti, Arab Republic of Egypt, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, West Bank and Gaza, Republic of Yemen South Asia Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Sub-Saharan Africa Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 1 World 2000 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6,073.3 6,610.3 Labor force (millions) 2,767.8 3,098.8 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.5 6.4 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,267 7,995 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.2 3.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.6 3.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.2 28.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.3 17.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 67.2 68.9 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.5 28.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.7 28.6 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. 38 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 47.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 49.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.6 11.0 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.8 4.1 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.8 4.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.7 21.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­0.1 ­0.8 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 98.9 92.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 92.6 80.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.7 8.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 9.5 2.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 130.8 135.6 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.3 6.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 36.3 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,391 2,751 Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.2 51.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.7 21.8 2 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific 2000 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,804.1 1,912.4 Labor force (millions) 995.6 1,081.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.6 4.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 908 2,182 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 6.0 9.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.6 11.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 44.3 46.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 30.7 32.1 Services value added (% of GDP) 41.0 41.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.9 47.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.6 39.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 38.2 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 39.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.2 8.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.1 1.2 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 18,217 23,142 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.6 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.6 35.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.2 8.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.6 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 104.6 100.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 45.8 47.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 101.1 97.5 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 5.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 34.3 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 880 1,669 Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.8 43.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.9 14.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 3 Europe & Central Asia 2000 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 444.2 445.6 Labor force (millions) 196.6 207.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.6 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,037 6,052 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 2.7 6.1 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.5 6.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.9 33.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.5 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 56.5 59.6 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.4 34.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.3 35.6 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. 23 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 25.5 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.2 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 48.5 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.0 11.1 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.3 2.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 21,987 42,359 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.2 5.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.0 23.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.9 18.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.4 1.8 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 28.4 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 26.6 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.0 13.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.1 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 17.9 39.5 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.5 6.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 74.3 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,290 3,835 Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.8 95.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.6 21.4 4 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean 2000 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 512.0 560.6 Labor force (millions) 223.8 262.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.0 8.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,788 5,801 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.0 3.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.9 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.6 32.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.2 18.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.5 60.9 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.3 24.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.4 23.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. 70 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 56.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.2 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 48.6 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 7.2 6.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.3 2.1 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 39,831 39,308 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.9 3.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 20.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­1.3 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 42.7 49.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 31.0 36.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.6 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 7.5 2.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 27.8 36.6 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.6 7.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 24.3 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,585 1,808 Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.1 67.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.8 26.9 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 5 Middle East & North Africa 2000 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 276.3 313.2 Labor force (millions) 85.7 106.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 14.2 12.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,640 2,820 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.5 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.6 11.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 43.3 40.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.6 12.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 44.1 48.6 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.8 36.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.6 34.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. 27 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 50.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 42.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 12.9 10.1 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.4 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 4,086 11,908 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.2 3.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.9 24.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.9 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.8 2.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 46.9 46.9 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 44.7 53.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 38.4 42.1 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.9 4.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 68.4 81.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,059 1,418 Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.3 50.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.9 17.1 6 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development South Asia 2000 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,358.1 1,522.0 Labor force (millions) 519.0 607.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.4 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 444 880 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 5.4 7.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 23.9 18.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.8 29.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.4 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.3 52.6 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.2 20.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.9 24.7 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. 33 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 66.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.0 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 40.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 3.7 2.7 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.1 0.2 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 3,050 28,961 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.7 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.2 31.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.8 23.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­4.0 ­1.8 Government debt (% of GDP) 69.3 53.7 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 38.6 57.7 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 39.0 54.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.9 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 19.5 8.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 27.7 44.7 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 6.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 30.8 56.9 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 359 453 Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.3 22.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 6.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 7 Sub-Saharan Africa 2000 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 672.8 800.0 Labor force (millions) 261.4 317.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 485 951 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.2 5.1 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 16.5 15.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.4 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.8 14.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 54.1 52.9 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.5 34.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.8 36.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. 46 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 66.8 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.4 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 66.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 6.6 6.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.1 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 3,450 11,000 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.0 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.3 20.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.8 16.2 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 40.0 42.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 31.2 33.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 61.5 70.4 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.6 10.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 11.9 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 488 531 Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.7 23.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 4.4 8 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Income group tables For operational and analytical purposes the World Bank's main criterion for classifying economies is gross national income (GNI) per capita. Every economy in The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development is classified as low income, middle income, or high income. Low- and middle-income economies are sometimes referred to as developing economies. The use of the term is convenient; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing similar development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of development. Classification by income does not necessarily reflect development status. Low-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $935 or less in 2007. Middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of more than $935 but less than $11,456. Lower-middle-income and upper-middle-income economies are separated at a GNI per capita of $3,705. High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $11,456 or more. Euro area includes the member states of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union that have adopted the euro as their currency: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and Spain. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 9 Low income 2000 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,108.5 1,295.8 Labor force (millions) 443.2 542.8 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 320 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.8 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 30.4 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.1 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.9 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 45.4 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.0 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.1 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 7.0 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.1 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 1,828 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.7 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.6 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.8 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 24.7 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 20.4 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 19.6 31.2 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.6 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 12.1 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 246 309 Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.3 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 5.2 10 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Middle income 2000 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3,959.2 4,258.2 Labor force (millions) 1,838.7 2,039.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.5 6.4 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,392 2,910 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.1 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.8 9.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.6 37.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.5 18.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.7 53.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.3 33.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.8 30.7 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. 42 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 45.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.2 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 44.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.1 9.7 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.2 2.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 88,794 139,315 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.8 3.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.9 26.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.5 15.2 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 61.7 69.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.7 44.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.6 9.6 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.0 3.0 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 51.7 60.4 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.2 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 43.2 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,176 1,651 Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.6 47.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.9 15.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 11 Lower middle income 2000 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3,177.8 3,434.5 Labor force (millions) 1,497.4 1,661.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.7 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 851 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 5.4 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.9 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 39.6 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.7 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 44.5 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.9 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.5 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.2 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.6 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 23,876 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.1 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.2 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.1 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­3.1 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 77.0 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 40.6 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.2 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 12.9 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 69.5 74.7 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.2 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 43.2 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 770 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 3.7 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.2 12.4 12 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Upper middle income 2000 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 781.3 823.7 Labor force (millions) 341.3 378.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.1 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,593 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.0 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.8 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.7 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.2 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.6 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.6 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.1 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.0 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 2.0 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 64,918 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.4 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 45.6 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 34.7 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.6 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 8.1 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 34.9 45.5 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.0 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 41.8 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,833 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.0 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.6 26.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 13 Low and middle income 2000 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5,067.6 5,554.0 Labor force (millions) 2,281.9 2,582.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.4 6.4 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,157 2,366 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.1 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 11.8 10.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 34.9 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.0 18.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.2 53.0 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.3 33.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.1 31.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 52.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 7.8 10.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.9 2.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 90,622 156,679 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.7 3.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.7 26.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.3 15.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 59.7 68.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 36.8 43.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.6 3.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 49.9 59.0 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.7 7.1 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 24.3 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 998 1,380 Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.4 41.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.6 13.1 14 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Euro area 2000 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 311.6 324.2 Labor force (millions) 143.5 154.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.1 7.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 21,923 35,818 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 2.8 1.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.5 1.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.8 26.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.9 18.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.7 71.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.8 40.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.1 39.2 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 32.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.4 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 48.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.6 8.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 2.5 3.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 10.2 6.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.4 21.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.0 ­0.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 60.7 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.3 6.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.8 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 97.9 121.6 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.4 3.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 95.4 100.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,371 6,956 Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 60.4 116.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 22.8 59.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 15 High income 2000 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,005.7 1,056.3 Labor force (millions) 485.9 516.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.0 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 25,978 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.0 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.9 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.0 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.9 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.2 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.0 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.4 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 9.6 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 3.7 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.3 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.4 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.1 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 53.6 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 110.4 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 91.8 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.8 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.4 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 149.6 163.2 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.2 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 90.9 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 9,197 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 51.2 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 31.6 65.7 16 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Country tables China Unless otherwise noted, data for China do not include data for Hong Kong, China; Macao, China; or Taiwan, China. Serbia and Montenegro Montenegro declared independence from Serbia and Montenegro on June 3, 2006. Where available, data for each country are shown separately. However, some indicators for Serbia prior to 2006 include data for Montenegro. Moreover, data for most indicators from 1999 onward for Serbia exclude data for Kosovo, which in 1999 became a territory under international administration pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999). The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 17 Afghanistan South Asia Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) .. .. 1,296 Labor force (millions) .. .. 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) .. 10.7 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 49.8 36.1 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.1 24.5 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.1 14.9 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 30.1 39.4 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. 17.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 61.6 50.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.9 12.4 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 66.2 55.7 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 162 Time to start a business (days) .. 9 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 0.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 36.4 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 70 240 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. 2.9 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.3 24.3 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 1.2 8.1 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­1.7 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. 9.3 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. 4.0 31.2 Real interest rate (%) .. 7.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 13.3 29.3 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 5.2 18 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Albania Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.1 3.2 3,435 Labor force (millions) 1.3 1.4 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 22.7 .. 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,170 3,300 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 5.2 5.3 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 29.1 21.4 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.0 20.0 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.4 20.0 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.9 58.6 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.1 2.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 143.7 90.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.1 27.8 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.5 54.3 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 86 Time to start a business (days) .. 8 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 56.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 50.5 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 20 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 9.1 13.5 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.5 0.9 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 11.3 18.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 78.5 22.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 8.8 12.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 26.1 41.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.7 24.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 102 236 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.9 4.4 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.7 29.9 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 18.1 24.1 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­6.7 ­3.0 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) 51.9 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 32.4 43.4 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 40.9 51.6 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 5.8 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. 3.4 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.7 29.6 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 17.0 10.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.8 8.4 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 39.0 .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,213 961 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 37.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.0 72.3 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 14.9 12.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 19 Algeria Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 30.5 33.9 3,435 Labor force (millions) 11.1 13.9 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 29.8 12.3 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,610 3,620 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.2 4.5 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.9 8.2 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 58.6 61.1 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.5 5.0 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 32.5 30.7 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.3 3.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 75.3 69.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.2 46.8 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.4 23.4 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 132 Time to start a business (days) .. 24 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 14 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.5 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 74.2 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. 10.1 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.5 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 25.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 15.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 16.9 8.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 124.9 49.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 5.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 472 952 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.8 1.2 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.7 25.5 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.9 13.0 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 9.7 6.1 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) 62.1 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 33.1 32.7 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 24.0 41.1 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 6.0 13.3 74.7 Real interest rate (%) ­11.7 0.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.5 6.3 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 68.9 70.2 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 695 870 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 5.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.3 81.4 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 10.3 12.4 20 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific American Samoa Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.06 0.07 824 Labor force (millions) .. .. 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.1 .. 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) .. .. 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 45.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 3.5 3.6 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 26.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 21 Andorra High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) .. 0.08 1,056 Labor force (millions) .. .. 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) .. .. 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 163.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. 83.3 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) .. 71.8 65.7 22 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Angola Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 13.9 16.9 3,435 Labor force (millions) 6.0 7.5 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 420 2,540 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 6.3 12.9 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.7 9.4 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 72.1 69.9 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.9 5.0 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 22.2 20.8 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 325.0 12.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 10.0 76.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 89.6 71.3 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.8 39.0 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 168 Time to start a business (days) .. 68 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 58.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 6.2 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 53.2 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 7.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 14.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 2.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 60.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 5.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 68 251 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.6 ­1.5 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.1 13.9 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.9 2.2 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 1.3 7.7 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 8.3 10.5 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.6 11.3 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 10.4 13.3 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 2.0 10.2 74.7 Real interest rate (%) ­60.8 9.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 63.6 10.9 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 10.4 .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 89 153 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 7.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 29.3 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 2.9 12.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 23 Antigua and Barbuda High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.08 0.08 1,056 Labor force (millions) .. .. 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.4 .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 8,100 11,650 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.6 5.4 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.9 3.3 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.8 26.9 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.3 1.9 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 76.3 69.8 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 70.2 59.2 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 74.9 82.3 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 42 Time to start a business (days) .. 21 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 52.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 46.8 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 40 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.5 38.2 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 48.0 73.6 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 23.5 .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 72.8 75.7 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 13.5 12.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.0 6.9 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 33.0 .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 28.7 132.5 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.5 70.7 65.7 24 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Argentina Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 36.9 39.5 824 Labor force (millions) 16.0 18.3 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 15.0 9.5 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,470 6,040 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 2.7 4.7 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.0 9.4 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.6 33.7 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.5 21.3 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 67.4 56.9 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­0.9 8.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 3.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 10.9 24.6 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 11.5 20.3 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 113 Time to start a business (days) .. 32 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 15 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 95.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.8 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 108.1 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 35 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 7.2 7.5 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.6 0.6 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 14.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 4.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 6.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 46.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 26.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 4,863 2,233 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.7 2.5 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.2 24.2 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.2 20.9 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­5.7 ­0.5 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 33.7 22.6 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 27.2 20.3 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 13.1 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 16.0 2.7 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.9 14.5 45.5 Real interest rate (%) 9.9 ­2.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.7 3.1 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 29.4 30.0 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,087 2,620 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 1.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 17.6 102.3 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 7.0 25.9 26.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 25 Armenia Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.1 3.0 3,435 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.5 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.7 9.6 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 660 2,630 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 5.1 12.7 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 25.5 20.1 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.4 44.1 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 24.1 16.7 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.0 35.8 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­0.8 4.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 539.5 342.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.4 19.2 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50.5 39.2 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 44 Time to start a business (days) .. 18 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 13.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.9 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 36.6 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 4.9 6.8 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.2 1.9 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 1.9 3.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 27.2 67.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 4.7 35.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 5.0 3.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 10.6 5.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 33 124 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.5 7.6 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.4 36.4 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.9 30.2 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­0.6 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 10.5 11.9 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 7.6 10.0 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 14.3 22.5 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 17.5 2.4 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.9 13.6 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 33.4 12.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.5 11.3 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 96.8 89.0 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,292 1,612 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.6 62.4 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.3 5.7 12.4 26 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Aruba High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) .. 0.10 1,056 Labor force (millions) .. .. 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.5 .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.4 .. 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.0 5.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.8 1.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.9 .. 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 91.2 .. 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) ­6.5 .. 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 44.5 57.3 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 47.3 53.5 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 45.2 57.0 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 7.7 9.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.9 7.0 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. 144.5 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) .. 23.8 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 27 Australia High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 19.2 21.0 1,056 Labor force (millions) 9.6 10.9 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.3 4.4 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 20,710 35,760 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.4 3.2 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.5 2.4 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.9 29.0 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.2 10.7 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.6 68.6 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.5 2.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.7 1.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.9 20.6 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.9 21.8 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 9 Time to start a business (days) .. 2 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 2 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 50.3 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 34 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. 14.0 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 6.5 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.4 4.8 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.8 27.1 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.1 1.7 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 30.3 21.0 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.9 4.6 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.5 0.2 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 89.9 127.5 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 7.1 5.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.1 5.4 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 38.7 .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 10,055 11,332 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 44.7 101.2 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 46.8 68.1 65.7 28 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Austria High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.0 8.3 1,056 Labor force (millions) 3.9 4.2 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.5 4.4 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 26,010 41,960 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 2.9 2.0 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.1 1.9 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.9 31.2 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 20.3 19.9 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 67.0 66.9 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.4 2.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.4 58.9 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.1 51.6 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 27 Time to start a business (days) .. 28 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 2.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.1 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 54.5 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 34 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 5.2 4.6 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.6 0.6 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.4 8.2 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.8 20.8 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.0 ­0.9 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 65.0 59.2 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.2 6.5 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.4 2.1 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 101.7 114.2 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 5.0 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.4 .. 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,110 8,090 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 76.4 119.2 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 33.7 67.4 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 29 Azerbaijan Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.0 8.6 3,435 Labor force (millions) 3.6 4.3 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 16.3 .. 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 610 2,640 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 7.3 17.6 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 17.1 6.3 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 45.3 72.8 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.6 5.5 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 37.5 21.0 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.9 16.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.9 0.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.0 72.1 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.4 30.2 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 33 Time to start a business (days) .. 16 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 22.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.7 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 41.1 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 27 22 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 6.8 7.1 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.7 0.9 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 2.1 5.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 53.2 66.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 2.9 0.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 18.0 2.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.4 10.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 61 188 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.5 ­15.2 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.1 21.2 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.1 11.0 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­4.7 .. ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 10.3 14.3 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 7.5 10.2 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 14.2 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 28.0 7.2 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 5.9 15.3 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 6.4 4.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.8 7.6 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 92.3 49.4 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,040 2,514 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.2 52.8 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 10.8 12.4 30 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Bahamas, The High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.30 0.33 1,056 Labor force (millions) 0.15 0.18 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.9 7.9 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 15,300 17,160 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.7 2.0 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.8 3.2 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.7 18.4 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.6 4.8 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 77.5 78.4 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.6 2.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 47.2 43.7 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 63.4 58.2 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 55 Time to start a business (days) .. 31 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 47.0 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 0 0 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.0 10.9 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 34.6 29.8 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.4 ­1.8 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 30.3 .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 68.2 90.2 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 58.5 71.2 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 72.3 94.6 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 1.5 2.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 1.9 1.8 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 57.4 .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 10.4 112.9 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.3 36.2 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 31 Bahrain High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.65 0.75 1,056 Labor force (millions) 0.31 0.36 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.5 .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,740 17,390 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.3 6.1 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­0.7 ­5.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.4 0.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 89.4 99.0 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.4 73.0 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 18 Time to start a business (days) .. 9 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 15.0 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 0 46 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.6 18.4 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.5 24.8 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 8.5 3.7 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 29.3 28.7 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 55.6 .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 63.6 .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 54.8 78.4 163.2 Real interest rate (%) ­2.3 ­2.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.9 3.9 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 77.6 79.1 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 8,830 12,628 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 31.6 148.2 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.2 33.2 65.7 32 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development South Asia Bangladesh Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 139.4 158.6 1,296 Labor force (millions) 62.3 74.3 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.3 4.3 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 360 470 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 5.2 5.7 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 25.5 19.2 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.3 28.4 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.2 17.8 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.2 52.4 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.2 9.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 52.1 68.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.0 19.8 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.2 26.7 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 110 Time to start a business (days) .. 73 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 104.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 39.5 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 5.7 7.9 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.0 0.1 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 3.7 3.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 85.8 54.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 50.5 24.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 79.6 50.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 7.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 93 1,349 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.6 1.0 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 24.5 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.6 19.0 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­0.7 ­1.3 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 36.2 36.2 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 30.0 51.8 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 27.2 49.6 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 3.5 6.5 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 34.9 14.0 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 24.7 37.3 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 13.4 8.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 6.8 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 9.5 9.5 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 96 146 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 101.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 21.7 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 0.3 5.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 33 Barbados High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.29 0.29 1,056 Labor force (millions) 0.16 0.17 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.3 9.8 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 8,480 .. 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.7 .. 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.3 3.7 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.3 18.0 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.4 7.1 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 79.4 78.3 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.4 4.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.0 2.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50.5 54.3 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.0 63.5 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 40 36 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 38 13 .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.8 2.0 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.4 24.4 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.2 23.5 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. 3.7 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 74.3 86.1 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 67.6 88.8 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 65.5 73.6 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 9.4 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.2 5.7 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 98.6 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 9.9 80.9 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.5 54.8 65.7 34 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Belarus Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.0 9.7 824 Labor force (millions) 4.8 4.9 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,380 4,220 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 6.7 8.3 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.2 9.4 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 39.2 42.3 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 31.6 32.2 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 46.7 48.4 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 168.6 8.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 876.8 2,146.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.2 61.7 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 72.4 67.8 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 85 Time to start a business (days) .. 31 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 22.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.8 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 117.5 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 5.9 13.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 33.2 6.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 4.8 35.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 13.7 15.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.4 13.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 39 661 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.9 4.0 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.2 30.8 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 22.7 24.9 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.1 0.4 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 15.0 9.0 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 11.3 29.5 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 9.3 17.7 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 15.1 15.9 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 10.8 0.7 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.9 25.1 45.5 Real interest rate (%) ­41.2 ­3.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 30.1 0.3 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 95.6 88.6 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,989 3,322 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 1.4 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.5 71.7 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.9 29.0 26.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 35 Belgium High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.3 10.6 1,056 Labor force (millions) 4.4 4.7 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.6 7.6 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 25,360 41,110 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 2.7 2.0 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.4 0.9 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.0 24.1 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.3 16.9 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 71.6 75.1 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.5 1.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 84.6 89.4 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 81.7 86.5 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 19 Time to start a business (days) .. 4 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 3 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 16.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 0.9 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 58.1 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 39 33 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 7.6 7.9 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 3.3 4.1 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 92.7 15.9 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.8 21.4 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.1 0.3 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 106.5 84.1 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 2.8 4.3 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.8 1.2 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 78.1 92.3 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 6.0 6.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.4 5.2 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 78.2 78.2 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 8,247 8,684 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 54.9 101.1 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 29.3 65.9 65.7 36 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Belize Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.25 0.30 824 Labor force (millions) 0.09 0.12 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.1 12.2 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,090 3,760 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 5.6 5.0 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 17.0 12.3 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.1 21.5 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.9 13.1 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 61.8 66.2 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.6 2.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.0 2.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.0 59.9 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 73.3 61.7 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 78 Time to start a business (days) .. 44 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 24.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 28.2 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 18 24 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.8 8.8 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.7 19.3 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.6 .. 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.9 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 52.8 60.9 45.5 Real interest rate (%) 14.6 10.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.3 6.0 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 17.0 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.7 38.9 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.0 10.5 26.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 37 Benin Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.2 9.0 1,296 Labor force (millions) 2.9 3.7 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 0.7 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 340 570 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 5.3 3.8 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 36.5 32.2 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.9 13.4 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.8 7.5 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.6 54.4 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.2 1.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 479.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.2 13.5 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.1 26.1 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 169 Time to start a business (days) .. 31 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 36.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 73.2 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 38 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 6.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 21.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 20.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 71.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 2.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 90 205 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.6 0.9 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 18.9 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.3 12.2 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.7 0.3 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 12.2 17.7 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.2 19.0 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 12.1 20.0 31.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 20.0 9.5 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 55 69 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.8 21.1 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 1.7 5.2 38 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Bermuda High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.06 0.06 1,056 Labor force (millions) .. .. 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.7 .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 32,760 .. 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.6 4.2 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 0 0 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 163.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 20.9 94.2 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 43.5 75.0 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 39 Bhutan South Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.56 0.66 3,435 Labor force (millions) 0.18 0.29 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 3.2 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 800 1,770 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 6.3 8.7 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 28.4 20.9 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.5 42.9 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.3 5.1 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 36.2 36.3 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.0 5.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 44.9 41.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.4 58.2 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.5 50.7 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 124 Time to start a business (days) .. 46 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 10.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 39.8 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 18 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 7.1 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 49.1 52.2 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 33.7 42.2 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.4 2.0 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) 38.4 74.1 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 11.1 15.7 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 44.2 39.7 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.7 24.2 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 13.4 14.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.8 9.5 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 60.7 62.0 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 22.7 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.4 6.1 12.4 40 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Bolivia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.3 9.5 3,435 Labor force (millions) 3.6 4.4 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.8 .. 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,000 1,260 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.5 3.6 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.0 12.9 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.8 36.4 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.3 14.7 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.2 50.7 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.6 8.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.2 7.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.3 41.8 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.3 34.3 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 150 Time to start a business (days) .. 50 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 15 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. ..a 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.8 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 78.1 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 25 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 9.1 6.6 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.4 0.3 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 13.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 19.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 22.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 15.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 13.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 323 171 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.8 1.6 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 16.1 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.8 6.7 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­8.7 1.2 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 61.8 35.1 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 45.9 34.9 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.8 9.6 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 10.3 5.6 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 58.7 37.0 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 27.9 5.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 23.6 9.3 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 6.6 7.0 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 421 485 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 1.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.0 34.2 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.4 10.5 12.4 a. Laws ban dismissing workers on economic grounds. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 41 Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.7 3.8 3,435 Labor force (millions) 1.9 1.9 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 31.1 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,500 3,790 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 25.2 5.3 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 11.0 9.8 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.9 21.6 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.5 13.3 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.1 68.6 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.1 1.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.6 39.1 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 77.9 73.7 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 119 Time to start a business (days) .. 60 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 12 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 31.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.3 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 44.1 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 7.5 1.3 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.9 0.1 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 7.7 4.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 60.5 69.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 14.3 17.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 6.6 7.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 11.8 14.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 800 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.7 13.9 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.2 22.7 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.0 18.2 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. 1.0 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 20.1 13.1 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 9.9 3.0 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 38.5 54.7 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 4.5 1.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 15.8 3.6 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 52.3 52.3 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,062 2,385 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.5 64.9 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.1 28.0 12.4 42 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Botswana Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.7 1.9 824 Labor force (millions) 0.63 0.69 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 15.8 17.6 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,310 6,120 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 8.6 5.3 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.4 1.8 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 58.9 49.3 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.4 3.4 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 38.6 48.8 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8.6 7.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.1 6.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.6 47.1 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.7 36.7 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 38 Time to start a business (days) .. 78 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 90.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.7 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 17.1 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 15 15 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 5.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 4.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 11.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 25.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 12.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 17 28 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.9 ­0.2 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.7 24.4 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.6 16.7 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 15.8 19.7 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 23.9 38.7 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.3 9.7 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.7 2.8 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 13.8 20.1 45.5 Real interest rate (%) 3.1 4.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.1 7.6 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 35.3 32.6 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 921 1,419 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 1.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.9 61.2 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.9 5.3 26.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 43 Brazil Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 174.2 191.6 824 Labor force (millions) 82.7 97.7 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.3 8.9 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,870 5,860 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 1.7 3.3 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.6 5.5 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.7 28.7 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.2 17.8 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 66.7 65.8 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.0 3.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.8 1.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 10.0 13.9 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 11.7 12.3 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 125 Time to start a business (days) .. 152 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 18 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 37.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 69.4 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 15 15 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 11.2 8.7 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 4.0 4.1 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 7.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 9.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 22.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 23.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 19.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 21,075 15,899 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.1 2.6 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.8 17.6 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­0.8 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 62.9 76.5 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 40.5 55.1 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.1 9.9 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 8.3 3.0 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 33.0 49.8 45.5 Real interest rate (%) 47.7 38.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 39.6 33.1 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 5.5 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,894 2,060 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.3 63.1 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.9 35.2 26.6 44 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Brunei Darussalam High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.33 0.39 1,056 Labor force (millions) 0.15 0.19 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 14,670 26,740 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 1.0 2.1 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.0 0.7 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 63.7 71.0 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.4 10.4 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 35.3 28.3 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.6 0.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.7 1.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 67.4 67.7 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.8 27.8 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 88 Time to start a business (days) .. 116 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 18 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 37.4 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.3 0.8 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.0 13.0 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 73.4 60.2 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 105.4 82.5 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 50.3 37.2 163.2 Real interest rate (%) ­18.2 4.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. 4.3 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 34.7 77.2 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,539 8,174 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 28.5 78.9 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 9.0 41.7 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 45 Bulgaria Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.1 7.7 824 Labor force (millions) 3.2 3.4 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 17.1 8.9 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,600 4,580 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) ­0.4 5.7 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.2 6.2 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.7 32.3 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.1 16.6 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.1 61.5 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 10.3 8.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.1 1.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55.7 63.4 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.1 85.5 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 45 Time to start a business (days) .. 49 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 9.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.3 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 34.9 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 20 10 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 15.4 15.7 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 4.7 9.8 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 2.9 17.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 51.5 6.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 10.4 40.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 85.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 13.3 22.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 157 1,001 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.9 22.7 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.7 29.8 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.6 23.4 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­0.4 3.5 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 16.0 58.4 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 21.5 53.6 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 15.3 7.7 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 17.3 2.1 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 12.6 66.8 45.5 Real interest rate (%) 4.4 2.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.2 6.3 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 92.1 98.4 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,724 4,311 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 4.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 9.2 129.2 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 5.3 30.9 26.6 46 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Burkina Faso Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 11.9 14.8 1,296 Labor force (millions) 5.2 6.7 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.4 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 240 430 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 6.8 5.8 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 29.0 33.3 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.4 22.4 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.2 13.6 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 46.6 44.4 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­0.3 ­0.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 479.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 9.1 11.5 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.2 26.8 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 148 Time to start a business (days) .. 16 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 34.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 44.6 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.0 0.1 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 9.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 19.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 23.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 19.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 7.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 27 89 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.9 8.9 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 20.8 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.0 11.1 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­6.1 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 12.1 16.9 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 12.3 15.0 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 11.7 16.8 31.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 16.0 4.2 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 10.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 10.9 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 0.6 5.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 47 Burundi Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.7 8.5 1,296 Labor force (millions) 3.2 4.2 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 120 110 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) ­0.7 2.7 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 40.4 34.8 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 18.8 20.0 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.7 8.8 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.8 45.1 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 24.3 8.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 720.7 1,081.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 7.8 10.9 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.9 47.8 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 177 Time to start a business (days) .. 43 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 278.7 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 5.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 22.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 12.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 24.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 7.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 36 6 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.6 0.1 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 6.1 16.7 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 0.8 1.7 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.4 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) 162.6 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 19.2 23.6 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.3 26.9 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 25.0 23.6 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 2.3 6.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 7.1 10.4 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 12.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 2.9 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 0.7 5.2 48 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Cambodia Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 12.8 14.4 1,296 Labor force (millions) 5.9 7.5 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.5 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 300 550 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 7.3 9.8 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 37.8 31.9 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.0 26.8 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.9 18.6 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.1 41.3 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­0.8 5.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3,840.8 4,056.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.8 65.3 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.8 72.9 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 135 Time to start a business (days) .. 85 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 39.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 22.6 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 20 20 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 5.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 60.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 11.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 15.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 2.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 28 816 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.0 10.4 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 19.4 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.9 14.1 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­3.4 ­1.7 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 5.9 14.0 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 8.1 20.6 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 6.4 18.2 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 21.2 11.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.5 14.6 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 16.2 6.3 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 29 88 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 27.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.0 17.9 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 0.5 5.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 49 Cameroon Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 15.9 18.5 3,435 Labor force (millions) 5.9 7.0 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.5 .. 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 620 1,050 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.8 3.5 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.1 19.5 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.0 30.6 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 20.8 16.5 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 41.8 49.9 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.2 0.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 479.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.3 22.1 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.7 21.2 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 164 Time to start a business (days) .. 37 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 33.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.2 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 51.4 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 39 .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 12.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 65.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 19.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 78.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 16.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 95 149 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.6 2.1 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.0 16.7 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.9 14.3 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.1 .. ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) 91.7 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 11.4 11.5 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 10.1 14.0 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.2 9.2 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 18.6 12.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.0 10.8 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 8.1 8.4 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 171 186 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 12.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.7 24.5 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.3 2.0 12.4 50 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Canada High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 30.8 33.0 1,056 Labor force (millions) 16.3 18.5 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.8 6.0 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 22,130 39,650 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.3 2.7 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.3 2.2 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.2 31.7 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.2 16.2 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.5 66.1 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.7 2.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.5 1.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.6 36.3 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.8 33.7 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 8 Time to start a business (days) .. 5 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 1 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 28.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 0.8 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 45.4 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 38 38 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 6.9 8.3 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 4.6 9.1 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.1 8.4 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.2 22.0 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.4 1.8 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 59.9 45.1 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 83.6 141.2 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 67.8 132.3 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.7 5.5 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.3 0.7 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 95.7 136.4 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 3.0 10.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.8 4.0 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 39.9 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 16,986 16,753 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 28.4 61.5 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 42.2 72.8 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 51 Cape Verde Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.45 0.53 3,435 Labor force (millions) 0.15 0.20 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,280 2,430 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 6.6 5.2 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.0 8.6 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.9 16.5 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.3 6.7 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.2 74.9 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­2.5 4.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 119.7 80.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.5 19.9 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.4 55.1 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 143 Time to start a business (days) .. 52 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 12 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 93.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 54.0 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 12.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 10.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 26.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 7.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 12.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 48 .. 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.3 9.1 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.7 40.6 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 7.2 30.5 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­1.7 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 46.9 57.1 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 50.5 65.0 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 40.7 48.1 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 13.3 6.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.6 7.3 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 69.0 .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 12.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.4 27.9 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.8 7.0 12.4 52 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Cayman Islands High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.04 0.05 1,056 Labor force (millions) .. .. 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.5 3.8 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) .. .. 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 0 0 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 163.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 26.6 84.0 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) .. 41.1 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 53 Central African Republic Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.9 4.3 1,296 Labor force (millions) 1.7 1.9 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 270 370 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.0 0.0 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 53.1 53.9 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.8 14.2 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.0 8.0 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 31.0 31.9 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.2 2.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 479.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.8 14.8 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.1 22.3 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 180 Time to start a business (days) .. 14 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 22.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.8 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 203.8 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 12 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.1 1.6 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 9.5 8.9 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 4.8 6.2 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­0.5 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 7.6 8.8 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 3.9 4.7 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.5 6.7 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 18.3 12.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.0 10.8 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 2.7 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.1 3.0 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 0.3 5.2 54 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Chad Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.5 10.8 1,296 Labor force (millions) 3.3 4.3 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 180 540 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.1 12.2 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 42.3 23.4 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 11.3 44.1 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.9 6.4 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 46.3 32.5 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.8 ­9.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 479.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.9 49.1 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.7 33.9 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 175 Time to start a business (days) .. 75 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 19 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 36.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 60.5 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 5 54 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.3 8.5 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.9 18.0 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.5 9.8 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 5.3 4.8 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 3.6 3.9 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 3.5 2.9 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 15.9 12.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.0 10.8 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 0.8 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.1 8.5 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 0.6 5.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 55 Channel Islands High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.15 0.15 1,056 Labor force (millions) .. .. 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 43,020 68,640 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) .. 0.5 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 20 20 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 163.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 65.7 56 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Chile Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 15.4 16.6 824 Labor force (millions) 6.1 7.0 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.3 8.9 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,840 8,190 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.8 4.5 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.1 4.2 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 38.4 47.1 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.5 13.9 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.5 48.7 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.8 4.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 539.6 522.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.6 47.1 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.7 33.3 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 40 Time to start a business (days) .. 27 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 52.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.5 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 25.9 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 15 35 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 12.3 11.2 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 2.3 2.3 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 9.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 7.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 29.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 22.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 22.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 2,038 1,959 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.5 8.8 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.7 20.6 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 17.5 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­0.7 8.8 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 60.5 67.0 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 48.7 48.9 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.5 6.7 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.7 0.8 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 73.6 88.5 45.5 Real interest rate (%) 9.8 3.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.6 3.1 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 18.4 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,488 3,207 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 2.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 22.1 84.1 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 16.5 31.1 26.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 57 China East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,262.6 1,318.3 3,435 Labor force (millions) 737.3 785.7 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.1 4.0 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 930 2,370 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 8.5 10.3 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.1 11.1 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 45.9 48.5 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 32.1 33.6 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.0 40.4 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.3 4.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.3 7.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.3 41.9 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.9 32.3 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 83 Time to start a business (days) .. 40 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 14 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 91.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.7 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 79.9 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 18.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 38.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 9.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 27.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 35.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 8,131 7,456 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.2 4.3 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 34.1 40.9 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.5 6.6 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.6 ­1.4 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) 11.6 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 114.2 112.8 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 36.0 43.2 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.1 5.5 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 22.4 6.7 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 112.3 111.0 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 3.7 0.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.6 3.3 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 86.7 70.7 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 993 2,041 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.8 41.5 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.8 16.1 12.4 58 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Colombia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 39.8 44.0 3,435 Labor force (millions) 19.2 22.1 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 20.5 10.9 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,280 4,100 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 0.6 4.9 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.4 8.9 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.8 35.5 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.4 17.6 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.9 55.6 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.2 5.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2,087.9 2,078.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 17.4 16.9 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.9 21.0 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 53 Time to start a business (days) .. 36 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 59.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 78.4 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 34 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 5.4 5.8 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.9 1.0 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 14.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 1.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 30.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 27.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 5.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 1,032 2,791 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.5 4.4 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.2 .. 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 9.8 16.6 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­6.2 ­1.8 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 49.1 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 33.3 43.9 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 27.1 20.1 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.2 11.4 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.0 3.2 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.8 32.7 74.7 Real interest rate (%) ­5.6 10.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.6 7.4 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 14.4 .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 878 968 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 1.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.7 77.2 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.2 27.5 12.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 59 Comoros Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.54 0.63 1,296 Labor force (millions) 0.22 0.27 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 400 680 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 1.7 2.1 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 48.6 47.0 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 11.5 12.3 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.5 4.4 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.9 38.0 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 534.0 359.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.7 12.6 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.5 38.7 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 155 Time to start a business (days) .. 23 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 100.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 48.8 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 0.5 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 0.2 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 10.1 14.3 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 6.2 7.2 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 11.9 8.6 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 7.9 7.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 9.0 8.0 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 76.5 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 6.4 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.3 3.4 5.2 60 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Congo, Dem. Rep. Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 50.7 62.4 1,296 Labor force (millions) 19.2 23.5 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 80 140 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) ­3.8 5.0 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 50.0 42.5 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.3 28.4 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.8 6.4 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 29.7 29.1 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 550.0 16.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 21.8 516.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.4 28.1 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.4 39.2 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 181 Time to start a business (days) .. 155 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 31.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.2 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 229.8 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 40 40 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 6.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 64.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 3.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 20.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 4.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 41 320 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.9 8.0 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 3.5 20.2 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 3.0 11.1 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­4.0 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) 152.2 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 0.6 1.7 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 1.7 3.1 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 0.7 3.9 31.2 Real interest rate (%) ­57.0 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 1.8 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 89 96 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 17.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 10.6 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 0.4 5.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 61 Congo, Rep. Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.2 3.8 3,435 Labor force (millions) 1.3 1.5 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 550 1,540 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 1.9 4.1 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.3 5.0 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 72.2 59.8 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.5 6.0 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 22.5 35.1 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­0.8 2.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 479.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 80.3 73.0 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.6 42.9 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 178 Time to start a business (days) .. 37 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 33.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 65.5 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 45 .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.1 0.1 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 35 90 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.2 56.1 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.9 26.7 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.0 15.8 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­1.3 9.6 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 0.2 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 7.2 2.8 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 6.5 10.5 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.8 2.5 74.7 Real interest rate (%) ­17.0 24.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.0 10.8 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 9.7 5.0 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 119 155 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.2 34.2 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 1.9 12.4 62 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Costa Rica Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.9 4.5 824 Labor force (millions) 1.7 2.0 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.2 4.6 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,710 5,520 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 5.7 5.4 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.5 8.7 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.1 28.8 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 25.3 20.9 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.5 62.5 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 11.0 9.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 308.2 516.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.6 48.8 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.8 53.6 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 117 Time to start a business (days) .. 60 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 12 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 35.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.5 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 55.7 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. 10.3 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 3.8 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 9.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 0.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 9.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 48.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 10.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 161 330 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.6 7.2 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.8 21.8 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.3 20.4 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­1.3 1.7 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 36.2 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 24.7 42.3 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 12.1 22.2 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.8 10.7 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.5 1.2 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 24.0 44.3 45.5 Real interest rate (%) 16.7 3.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.5 6.4 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 22.0 25.2 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,518 1,801 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.4 33.8 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 5.8 33.6 26.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 63 Côte d'Ivoire Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 17.0 19.3 1,296 Labor force (millions) 6.2 7.1 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.1 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 630 920 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.4 0.3 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 24.2 23.9 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.9 25.3 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.7 17.5 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.9 50.9 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.5 1.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 479.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.4 46.6 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.3 40.9 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 161 Time to start a business (days) .. 40 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 49.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.2 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 45.4 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 35 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 215 254 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.3 2.2 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.2 8.6 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.4 6.1 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.8 ­0.8 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 105.2 107.7 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 19.7 17.7 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.9 16.1 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 15.5 16.1 31.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 9.7 8.1 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 168 182 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.8 36.6 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 1.6 5.2 64 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Croatia Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.4 4.4 824 Labor force (millions) 2.0 2.0 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 16.1 9.6 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,430 10,460 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.2 4.8 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.1 7.2 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.3 31.6 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.7 20.6 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.7 61.3 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.6 2.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.3 5.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 47.1 47.7 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.3 56.3 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 106 Time to start a business (days) .. 40 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 39.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.1 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 32.5 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 20 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 2.0 5.5 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.1 3.7 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 5.0 10.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 41.6 6.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 19.8 60.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 42.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 15.9 16.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 746 2,305 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.9 9.6 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.8 29.9 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 18.6 24.4 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­6.2 ­1.3 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 43.1 71.0 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 33.0 58.5 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.9 12.5 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 9.5 4.8 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 37.4 72.1 45.5 Real interest rate (%) 7.0 5.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.3 7.0 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 85.4 89.1 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,840 3,636 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 2.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 23.3 113.5 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.8 44.7 26.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 65 Cuba Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 11.1 11.3 824 Labor force (millions) 5.1 5.2 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.4 1.9 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.2 3.4 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.4 .. 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 47.5 .. 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 38.7 .. 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 46.1 .. 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.0 .. 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.7 .. 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 600 41 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 10.4 .. 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 45.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 49.0 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,136 1,231 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.1 1.8 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 11.6 26.6 66 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Cyprus High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.79 0.85 1,056 Labor force (millions) 0.37 0.43 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.8 4.6 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 13,440 24,940 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.9 3.4 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.1 2.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.1 .. 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.7 .. 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 25 10 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 9.7 10.5 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.2 10.5 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.2 .. 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­5.5 0.8 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 91.4 163.1 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 170.3 204.8 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 153.3 190.7 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 211.8 256.4 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 4.0 3.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 1.5 3.3 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 60.6 65.1 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,047 5,239 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 27.8 115.6 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 15.3 38.0 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 67 Czech Republic High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.3 10.3 1,056 Labor force (millions) 5.2 5.2 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.8 5.3 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,800 14,580 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 1.0 4.6 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.9 2.7 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 38.1 38.7 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 26.8 27.0 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.0 58.6 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.9 2.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 38.6 20.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 63.4 79.6 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 66.4 74.6 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 75 Time to start a business (days) .. 15 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 22.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 6.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 48.6 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 31 24 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. 6.7 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 2.3 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 2.3 2.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 32.9 37.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 14.2 11.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 5.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.7 12.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 1,462 488 .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.8 5.3 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.0 24.1 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­3.6 ­1.7 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 13.7 25.0 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 53.9 55.7 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 54.2 60.5 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.4 6.0 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 29.3 2.6 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 49.0 47.7 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 5.6 2.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.7 4.5 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,694 6,509 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 42.3 123.1 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 9.7 48.3 65.7 68 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Denmark High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.3 5.5 1,056 Labor force (millions) 2.9 2.9 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.5 3.6 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 31,850 55,440 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 2.8 1.8 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.6 1.3 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.8 25.7 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.2 14.2 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.6 73.0 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.9 1.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.1 5.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.6 52.1 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.6 51.0 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 5 Time to start a business (days) .. 6 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 0.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.1 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 29.9 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 13.8 14.4 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 4.3 8.0 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 22.5 3.8 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.2 22.8 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.7 4.8 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 50.1 23.9 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 91.8 200.0 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 48.1 62.5 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.2 6.1 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.7 0.6 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 135.3 202.4 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 4.9 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.9 .. 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,484 6,864 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 63.0 114.1 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 39.2 80.7 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 69 Djibouti Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.73 0.83 3,435 Labor force (millions) 0.30 0.35 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 760 1,090 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) ­0.2 3.4 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.5 3.9 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.4 16.9 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.6 2.5 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 81.1 79.3 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 177.7 177.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.1 58.3 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50.4 78.8 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 153 Time to start a business (days) .. 37 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 56.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.0 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 38.7 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 50 300 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.6 23.5 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 8.8 38.3 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 6.1 25.8 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 32.1 23.0 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 9.5 7.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.6 8.1 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 45.0 .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 5.5 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 1.3 12.4 70 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Dominica Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.07 0.07 824 Labor force (millions) .. .. 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.0 .. 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,200 4,030 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 2.2 1.6 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 18.1 17.6 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.4 23.7 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.8 7.8 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.4 58.6 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.9 3.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.3 44.6 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 67.5 63.9 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 74 Time to start a business (days) .. 14 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 58.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 37.0 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 19 5 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.5 8.5 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.1 29.2 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.1 6.9 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 76.6 69.1 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 69.8 91.5 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 62.0 62.8 45.5 Real interest rate (%) 11.0 8.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.8 5.9 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 50.4 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.7 58.5 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 8.4 36.6 26.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 71 Dominican Republic Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.7 9.7 3,435 Labor force (millions) 3.5 4.2 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 14.2 17.9 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,050 3,560 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 7.8 4.8 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 11.1 12.0 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.9 27.7 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.8 13.2 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 54.6 60.3 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.7 6.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 16.4 33.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.9 34.5 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.9 41.4 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 97 Time to start a business (days) .. 19 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 88.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.5 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 35.7 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 25 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 8.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 17.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 3.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 30.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 9.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 1,076 46 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.8 4.6 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.5 21.9 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.2 16.9 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­1.8 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) 20.7 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 28.0 20.9 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 22.8 18.8 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.4 9.5 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.6 4.0 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 44.0 33.4 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 17.7 9.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 9.1 8.9 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 49.4 .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 716 1,309 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 8.1 56.7 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.7 17.2 12.4 72 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Ecuador Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 12.3 13.3 3,435 Labor force (millions) 4.9 5.9 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.0 7.9 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,340 3,110 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 0.7 5.0 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. 7.1 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. 36.8 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. 9.7 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. 56.1 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 96.1 2.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 11,786.8 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.1 33.6 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.0 34.4 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 136 Time to start a business (days) .. 65 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 14 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 135.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.3 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 34.9 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 25 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.4 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 17.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 11.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 24.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 24.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 18.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 20 409 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.5 0.4 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.5 21.7 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.6 14.6 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.9 8.5 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 31.0 2.9 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 32.6 25.5 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 26.0 7.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.3 7.1 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 18.9 14.8 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 654 759 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 2.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 3.9 75.6 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.5 13.2 12.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 73 Egypt, Arab Rep. Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 66.5 75.5 3,435 Labor force (millions) 19.8 24.0 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.0 9.0 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,460 1,580 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 5.2 4.3 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 16.7 14.1 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.1 36.3 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.4 15.7 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.1 49.6 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.7 9.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.5 5.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.2 30.3 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.8 34.8 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 114 Time to start a business (days) .. 7 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 132.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.2 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 46.1 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 40 20 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. 2.6 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.2 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 14.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 9.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 142.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 20.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 864 3,957 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.2 8.9 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 20.9 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 9.1 13.1 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­6.7 ­4.6 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) 37.4 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 74.3 68.8 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 63.9 81.3 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.6 5.1 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 13.6 24.7 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 58.7 50.6 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 7.9 ­0.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.8 6.4 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 78.1 81.0 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,011 1,382 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 8.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.0 39.8 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.7 14.0 12.4 74 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean El Salvador Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.2 6.9 3,435 Labor force (millions) 2.5 2.8 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.0 6.6 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,030 2,850 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.3 2.8 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.5 12.1 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.6 28.8 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 24.7 22.4 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.9 59.1 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.3 4.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.8 8.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.4 26.1 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.4 50.1 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 72 Time to start a business (days) .. 17 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 86.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 34.9 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 25 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.5 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 9.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 2.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 17.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 22.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 11.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 277 411 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.3 7.5 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.9 20.4 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.2 17.5 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­4.7 0.8 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) 55.3 40.5 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 5.2 5.0 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 4.8 4.3 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.8 11.8 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 4.3 2.1 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 45.2 42.8 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 10.5 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.6 .. 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 19.8 .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 653 721 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 2.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.0 89.6 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.1 11.1 12.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 75 Equatorial Guinea High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.43 0.51 1,056 Labor force (millions) 0.17 0.20 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,540 12,860 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 36.0 16.8 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.8 2.9 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 85.9 93.8 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 1.4 13.0 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 4.2 3.3 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.8 4.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 479.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 98.6 92.7 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 85.4 56.5 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 167 Time to start a business (days) .. 136 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 20 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 133.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 59.5 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 23 9 .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 61.3 46.7 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 56.2 28.1 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 2.9 2.6 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 3.2 5.9 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 3.0 3.7 163.2 Real interest rate (%) ­16.8 21.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.0 10.8 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.2 43.3 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 1.6 65.7 76 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa EritreaLow income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.7 4.8 1,296 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.9 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 170 270 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 1.5 1.4 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.1 24.3 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.0 19.2 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.2 5.5 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 61.9 56.5 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 9.6 15.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.1 6.3 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 81.8 34.5 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 173 Time to start a business (days) .. 84 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 69.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 84.5 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 3.8 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 30.5 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 6.6 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 40 .. 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.4 ­0.2 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.8 10.6 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 5.0 1.2 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 32.5 25.6 31.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 21.8 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 47 49 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 1.7 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 2.5 5.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 77 Estonia High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.4 1.3 1,056 Labor force (millions) 0.67 0.68 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.8 4.7 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,190 12,830 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 5.8 8.1 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.9 2.8 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.8 30.4 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.8 17.6 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 67.3 66.8 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.0 6.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 17.0 11.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 85.4 74.4 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 89.0 85.3 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 22 Time to start a business (days) .. 7 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 35.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 48.6 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 21 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 2.4 2.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 19.6 12.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 16.5 17.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7.6 8.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 10.0 13.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 172 132 .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.9 12.9 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.0 32.5 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 23.1 28.9 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.2 3.2 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 6.9 4.2 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 33.4 85.1 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 24.7 43.5 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.6 8.6 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.0 0.5 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 36.5 96.1 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 2.9 ­2.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.7 2.1 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 20.1 22.7 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,629 5,883 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 40.7 147.7 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 28.6 63.7 65.7 78 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Ethiopia Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 65.8 79.1 1,296 Labor force (millions) 29.3 37.9 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.2 5.4 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 130 220 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.5 7.5 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 49.9 46.3 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 12.4 13.4 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.5 5.1 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 37.8 40.3 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.7 17.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.2 8.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 12.0 12.8 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.0 32.2 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 116 Time to start a business (days) .. 16 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 40.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 31.1 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 2.1 3.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 4.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 13.6 11.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 115.8 44.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 2.3 4.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.6 1.1 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.3 25.0 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.1 6.7 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­7.6 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 35.9 28.8 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 35.6 37.3 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.1 23.8 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 3.8 ­4.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.9 3.4 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 12.0 12.8 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 23 38 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 5.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 1.5 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 0.4 5.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 79 Faeroe Islands High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.05 0.05 1,056 Labor force (millions) .. .. 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 3.2 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) .. .. 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.1 5.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 20 20 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 163.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 37.1 107.8 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 32.8 77.5 65.7 80 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Fiji Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.80 0.83 824 Labor force (millions) 0.31 0.33 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 4.6 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,270 3,750 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 2.2 1.9 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 17.1 15.1 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.3 24.9 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.0 15.4 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.6 60.0 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.1 4.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.1 1.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65.2 48.9 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 70.3 64.5 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 39 Time to start a business (days) .. 46 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 22.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.8 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 41.5 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 32 31 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 3 50 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) ­0.1 7.8 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.4 15.6 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.2 13.4 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­2.9 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 36.4 41.0 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 36.7 40.2 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 32.0 44.5 45.5 Real interest rate (%) 13.7 0.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.5 8.1 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 49.2 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.9 63.5 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.5 9.6 26.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 81 Finland High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.2 5.3 1,056 Labor force (millions) 2.6 2.7 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.7 6.8 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 25,480 44,300 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.9 3.0 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.5 3.2 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.7 32.3 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 26.2 23.7 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.8 64.6 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.4 2.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.5 44.8 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.9 40.1 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 14 Time to start a business (days) .. 14 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 3 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 0.9 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 47.8 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 29 26 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 7.4 8.7 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 2.3 3.0 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.5 4.7 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.4 20.3 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 6.7 5.5 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 55.1 37.5 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 55.8 .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 22.1 .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.3 9.2 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.6 0.3 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 53.1 82.0 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 2.9 3.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.0 2.7 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 62.0 65.3 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 15,286 17,177 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 72.0 115.0 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 37.2 78.8 65.7 82 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development FranceHigh income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 58.9 61.7 1,056 Labor force (millions) 26.2 28.0 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.0 8.0 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 24,450 38,810 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 2.9 1.8 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.8 2.2 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.9 20.6 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.0 12.2 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 74.3 77.2 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.7 1.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.6 26.5 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.7 28.4 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 31 Time to start a business (days) .. 7 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 32.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.9 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 65.4 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 33 33 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.9 10.8 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 2.3 3.3 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.2 6.2 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.5 21.5 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­1.7 ­2.3 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 60.7 66.6 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.7 5.5 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.0 2.7 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 85.0 105.2 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 5.2 4.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.1 4.3 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,486 7,813 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 49.3 89.7 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 14.4 51.2 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 83 French Polynesia High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.24 0.26 1,056 Labor force (millions) 0.10 0.12 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 16,070 .. 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.5 .. 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.7 .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 129.5 87.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 4.9 .. 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.2 .. 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 163.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 16.9 66.6 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.4 28.6 65.7 84 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Gabon Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.2 1.3 824 Labor force (millions) 0.52 0.61 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,220 7,020 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 0.3 2.0 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.2 4.8 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 56.3 60.2 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.7 4.1 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 37.5 34.9 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.5 5.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 479.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.0 64.7 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.7 35.9 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 151 Time to start a business (days) .. 58 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 43.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 44.7 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 12 131 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) ­0.8 2.3 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.9 26.2 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.0 21.7 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 12.1 9.6 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 10.4 12.9 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 7.0 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 6.6 7.6 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.7 12.0 45.5 Real interest rate (%) ­4.8 9.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.0 10.8 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 9.9 10.2 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 914 1,083 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 10.1 87.9 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.3 6.2 26.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 85 Gambia, The Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.4 1.7 1,296 Labor force (millions) 0.62 0.78 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 310 320 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.6 4.9 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 35.8 28.7 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.1 14.8 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.4 5.0 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.1 56.5 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.2 2.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 12.8 24.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.0 33.3 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 56.8 49.8 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 130 Time to start a business (days) .. 27 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 292.4 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 7.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 13.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 7.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 63.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 22.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 7 .. 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 10.3 10.6 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.4 24.8 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.8 13.9 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 30.8 41.7 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 29.5 60.1 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 12.5 16.2 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 19.6 21.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.5 15.0 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 35.4 19.3 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 23.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.4 46.9 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.9 5.9 5.2 86 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Georgia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.7 4.4 3,435 Labor force (millions) 2.4 2.3 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.8 13.3 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 700 2,120 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 5.6 8.3 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 21.9 10.9 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.4 24.1 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.0 12.3 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.7 65.0 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.1 9.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.0 1.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.0 31.5 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.7 57.7 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 15 Time to start a business (days) .. 3 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 3 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.3 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 38.6 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 20 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.2 8.8 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.7 1.7 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 9.7 2.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 76.0 8.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 9.2 38.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 2.0 11.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 13.2 16.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 49 1,112 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.3 17.0 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.4 28.3 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 24.5 21.3 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­1.6 0.8 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) 69.9 22.7 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 6.5 22.4 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 4.2 13.8 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 30.5 20.4 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.6 2.6 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.7 28.3 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 26.8 9.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 22.6 10.9 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 93.4 38.6 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,360 1,549 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 3.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.1 59.1 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 8.2 12.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 87 Germany High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 82.2 82.3 1,056 Labor force (millions) 40.4 41.4 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.7 8.6 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 25,510 38,990 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 2.0 1.0 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.3 0.9 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.3 30.1 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.9 22.6 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.5 69.0 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.5 2.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.4 46.7 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.0 39.7 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 25 Time to start a business (days) .. 18 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 69.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.2 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 50.5 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 25 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 18.4 11.9 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.5 1.2 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 4.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 14.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 44.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 3.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 11.1 1.6 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.5 18.5 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.4 ­0.4 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 37.8 40.8 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 144.5 .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 63.1 .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.2 4.3 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 4.7 3.4 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 118.6 105.5 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 10.4 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.2 .. 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,636 7,174 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 58.6 118.1 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 30.2 72.3 65.7 88 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Ghana Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 20.1 23.5 1,296 Labor force (millions) 8.8 10.5 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.1 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 320 590 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.4 5.5 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 35.3 33.6 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.4 25.8 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.0 7.9 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.3 40.6 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 25.2 10.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.5 0.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.8 33.4 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 67.2 59.6 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 87 Time to start a business (days) .. 34 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 178.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.9 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 32.7 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 33 22 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 5.9 6.2 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.5 0.5 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 4.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 18.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 16.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 24.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 6.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 10 520 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.3 6.4 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.1 33.7 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.7 19.5 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­6.5 ­7.6 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.8 11.8 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.9 6.4 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 14.0 17.8 31.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 29.6 14.9 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 321 304 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 9.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.6 32.4 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 3.8 5.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 89 Greece High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.9 11.2 1,056 Labor force (millions) 4.9 5.2 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.1 8.1 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 12,560 25,740 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.5 4.3 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.6 3.6 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.0 23.1 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.1 13.2 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 72.5 73.3 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.2 2.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.9 22.2 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.4 35.4 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 96 Time to start a business (days) .. 19 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 15 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 24.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 47.4 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 5.7 5.4 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.7 0.8 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 3.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 55.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 16.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 7.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 11.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.9 0.6 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.6 25.7 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­3.7 ­3.7 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 123.5 113.7 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 71.0 .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 49.0 .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.9 6.6 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 12.3 4.5 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 47.0 91.5 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 8.6 3.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.2 4.3 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 91.8 .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,539 5,372 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 54.3 109.8 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 9.2 32.9 65.7 90 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Greenland High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.06 0.06 1,056 Labor force (millions) .. .. 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.0 8.4 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) .. .. 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.1 5.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 163.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 26.9 117.0 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 31.7 91.6 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 91 Grenada Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.10 0.11 824 Labor force (millions) .. .. 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 15.2 .. 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,710 3,920 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 6.7 1.3 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.7 6.8 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.3 29.3 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.6 6.2 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.0 63.8 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.1 4.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.6 32.4 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 75.7 66.6 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 84 Time to start a business (days) .. 20 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 29.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 45.3 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 7 3 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.1 23.1 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 43.8 52.5 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 36.8 31.5 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 79.8 89.7 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 82.2 99.4 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 79.4 86.3 45.5 Real interest rate (%) 11.4 ­5.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.4 6.6 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 61.0 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.3 43.7 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.1 21.8 26.6 92 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Guam High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.16 0.17 1,056 Labor force (millions) 0.07 0.08 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.5 .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) .. .. 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 163.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 17.5 59.1 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 16.1 38.6 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 93 Guatemala Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 11.2 13.3 3,435 Labor force (millions) 3.2 4.9 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.4 3.1 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,730 2,450 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.1 3.6 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.8 10.7 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.8 27.9 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.2 18.3 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.4 61.4 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.0 6.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 7.8 7.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.2 25.6 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.0 42.4 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 112 Time to start a business (days) .. 26 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 101.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 36.5 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 31 31 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.6 0.6 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 9.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 3.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 12.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 35.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 8.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 147 731 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.2 2.1 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.1 20.5 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.7 16.3 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­1.8 ­2.0 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) 17.0 22.2 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 21.5 36.7 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 16.3 38.0 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.9 9.2 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 7.9 5.8 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 19.8 35.2 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 13.2 6.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.7 8.1 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 34.5 .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 343 529 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 3.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.6 76.0 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.7 10.1 12.4 94 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa GuineaLow income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.2 9.4 1,296 Labor force (millions) 3.9 4.5 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 410 400 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.4 2.8 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 20.3 16.7 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.5 45.2 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.0 4.1 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 47.2 38.1 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,746.9 3,644.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.6 37.2 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.9 39.5 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 171 Time to start a business (days) .. 41 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.8 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 49.9 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 2.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 57.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 0.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 16.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 5.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 6 18 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 2.4 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 12.6 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.0 9.3 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.4 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 3.8 5.1 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 7.4 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.9 .. 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 16.5 9.8 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 33.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.5 21.3 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 0.5 5.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 95 Guinea-Bissau Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.4 1.7 1,296 Labor force (millions) 0.52 0.63 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 160 200 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) ­2.7 0.4 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 56.4 63.6 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.0 12.2 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.5 7.8 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 30.6 24.2 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8.6 4.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 479.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.8 42.6 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.6 46.5 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 179 Time to start a business (days) .. 233 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 17 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 87.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 45.9 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 2.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 22.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 0.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 20.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 8.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 3 40 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 2.0 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.3 17.2 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 1.3 3.8 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 7.6 7.6 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 12.7 10.7 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 7.9 6.1 31.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 27.9 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 9.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 17.5 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 2.2 5.2 96 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Guyana Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.73 0.74 3,435 Labor force (millions) 0.31 0.33 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.1 .. 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 890 1,250 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 2.5 0.8 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 31.1 31.0 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.0 24.5 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.2 8.0 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.9 44.5 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.1 12.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 182.4 202.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 96.1 87.9 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 110.7 123.9 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 105 Time to start a business (days) .. 40 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 56.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 39.4 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 45 45 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 2.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 5.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 25.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 93.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 17.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 11 26 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.4 14.1 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.8 29.8 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.0 1.4 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 66.3 69.2 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 62.6 82.8 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 57.1 56.7 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 10.0 5.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.6 12.1 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 7.4 .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.4 38.0 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.8 25.7 12.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 97 Haiti Latin America & Caribbean Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.6 9.6 1,296 Labor force (millions) 3.1 3.6 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 470 520 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 2.4 0.2 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 28.4 27.9 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.6 17.0 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.0 8.4 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.0 55.1 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 13.7 8.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 21.2 36.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 12.1 11.0 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.8 34.4 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 154 Time to start a business (days) .. 195 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.7 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 40.1 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 3.8 3.0 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 101 176 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 1.1 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.0 28.9 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 21.7 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 15.6 15.1 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 27.2 30.1 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 14.8 11.3 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 15.8 22.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 25.7 45.5 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 24.3 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 35 37 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.6 26.0 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 10.4 5.2 98 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Honduras Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.2 7.1 3,435 Labor force (millions) 2.3 2.6 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.9 4.2 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 940 1,590 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 2.8 5.3 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.9 13.4 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.5 28.1 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.7 19.8 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.7 58.6 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 11.1 6.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 14.8 18.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.0 51.5 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 66.4 78.4 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 133 Time to start a business (days) .. 20 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 74.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.8 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 49.3 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 15 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 4.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 6.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 8.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 27.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 16.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 127 231 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.0 6.7 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 30.4 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.3 26.2 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­1.1 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 32.8 47.4 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 32.6 45.8 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.8 8.4 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 10.6 6.6 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 34.1 53.1 74.7 Real interest rate (%) ­3.1 9.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.9 8.8 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 20.4 .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 519 642 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 3.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.5 58.9 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.2 6.0 12.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 99 Hong Kong, China High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.7 6.9 1,056 Labor force (millions) 3.4 3.6 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.9 4.0 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 26,570 31,560 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 1.8 5.2 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.1 0.1 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.4 7.7 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.4 2.5 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 86.5 92.3 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­3.8 2.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 7.8 7.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 143.3 207.3 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 138.8 196.4 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 4 Time to start a business (days) .. 11 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 62.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.1 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 24.2 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 16 18 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 10.5 15.4 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 7.9 15.7 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 36.6 26.2 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.4 20.3 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 164.2 147.4 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 210.1 267.3 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.0 12.0 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 7.3 0.9 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 152.6 139.6 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 13.6 3.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.7 4.3 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,447 5,883 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 81.7 155.2 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 27.8 57.2 65.7 100 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Hungary High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.2 10.1 1,056 Labor force (millions) 4.2 4.3 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.4 7.4 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,660 11,680 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.2 4.0 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.4 4.0 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.2 29.6 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.5 21.9 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.5 66.4 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.8 7.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 282.2 183.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 72.1 80.3 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 75.7 78.7 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 41 Time to start a business (days) .. 5 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 35.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 57.5 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 18 16 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 9.4 10.3 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 2.5 4.1 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 5.9 4.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 27.0 25.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 15.2 22.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 10.7 9.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 29.6 23.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 1,168 2,645 .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.8 26.9 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 21.0 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.7 ­4.9 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 60.9 69.4 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 35.8 70.5 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 35.5 44.6 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.3 8.3 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.0 2.4 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 31.4 61.5 163.2 Real interest rate (%) ­0.3 3.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.1 2.3 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 43.7 43.9 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,309 3,882 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 30.1 109.7 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 7.0 51.9 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 101 Iceland High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.28 0.31 1,056 Labor force (millions) 0.16 0.18 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.3 2.3 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 30,830 57,750 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 5.0 4.5 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.6 5.8 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.0 23.6 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.9 10.0 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.4 70.6 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5.2 5.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 78.6 64.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.6 35.3 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.9 46.0 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 11 Time to start a business (days) .. 5 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 13.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 26.8 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 14.2 12.5 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 11.4 18.2 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.8 15.2 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.9 27.5 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.7 4.9 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 60.5 44.1 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 83.1 150.2 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 40.6 60.0 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.2 6.9 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.5 0.8 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 97.1 319.7 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 12.7 13.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.2 7.2 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 29.5 35.9 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 26,221 31,328 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 76.5 105.4 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 44.5 65.0 65.7 102 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development South Asia India Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,015.9 1,124.8 3,435 Labor force (millions) 391.7 447.7 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.3 5.0 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 450 950 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 5.9 7.8 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 23.4 18.1 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.2 29.5 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.6 16.3 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.5 52.4 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.0 6.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 44.9 41.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 13.2 21.3 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.2 24.4 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 122 Time to start a business (days) .. 30 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 56.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 10.0 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 71.5 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 40 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 3.7 2.7 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 12.9 6.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 52.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 0.0 19.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 72.6 29.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 22.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 2,665 22,485 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.8 2.0 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.7 34.0 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.3 25.7 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­3.9 ­1.4 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) 56.0 53.7 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 41.1 60.9 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 42.6 57.5 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.7 6.4 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 12.8 2.5 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 28.8 47.3 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 8.5 7.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 47.5 .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 402 503 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.4 20.8 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 7.2 12.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 103 Indonesia East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 206.3 225.6 3,435 Labor force (millions) 97.0 110.5 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.1 9.1 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 590 1,650 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) ­0.6 5.1 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.6 13.8 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 45.9 46.7 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 27.7 27.0 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 38.5 39.4 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.7 6.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8,421.8 9,141.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.0 29.4 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.5 25.3 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 129 Time to start a business (days) .. 76 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 108.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.5 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 37.3 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 4.6 7.0 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.1 0.1 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 4.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 11.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 13.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 14.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 22.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 642 6,897 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) ­2.8 1.6 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.9 24.9 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.5 ­1.1 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) 45.2 28.8 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 43.7 31.5 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 44.7 34.1 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.0 10.0 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 34.4 9.3 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 19.9 25.4 74.7 Real interest rate (%) ­1.7 2.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 5.9 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 57.1 55.4 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 400 530 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.8 36.3 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.9 5.8 12.4 104 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Middle East & North Africa Iran, Islamic Rep. Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 63.9 71.0 3,435 Labor force (millions) 21.2 27.8 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.8 10.5 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,670 3,540 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.7 5.9 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 13.7 10.2 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.7 44.5 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.2 10.6 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.5 45.3 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 14.5 17.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,764.4 9,281.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.7 32.2 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 17.4 21.5 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 142 Time to start a business (days) .. 47 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 91.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.5 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 44.2 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 54 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 5 221 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 0.3 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.4 25.8 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.6 16.7 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.8 10.6 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 18.3 33.1 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 31.4 38.5 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 28.3 49.2 74.7 Real interest rate (%) .. ­7.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. 0.4 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 64.8 72.8 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,586 2,290 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.5 41.9 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.0 32.4 12.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 105 Iraq Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 24.4 .. 3,435 Labor force (millions) 6.0 .. 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 17.9 ­11.4 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.4 8.6 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 84.4 70.1 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 0.9 1.7 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 10.3 21.3 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.3 1,254.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 152 Time to start a business (days) .. 77 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 0.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 24.7 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 3,940 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 74.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. 8.4 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 84.3 .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,195 .. 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 .. 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 12.4 106 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Ireland High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.8 4.4 1,056 Labor force (millions) 1.8 2.2 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.3 4.6 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 23,160 47,610 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 9.5 5.5 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.4 1.7 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 42.4 35.1 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 33.5 23.4 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 54.1 63.2 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5.6 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 98.3 80.0 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 84.8 69.3 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 7 Time to start a business (days) .. 13 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 24.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 0.4 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 28.8 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 32 13 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 13.2 10.3 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 7.2 6.7 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 2.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 11.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 20.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 28.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 17.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 26.5 10.1 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.4 26.3 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 4.9 0.4 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 40.2 27.4 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 88.6 .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 68.7 .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.5 4.5 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.0 0.7 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 105.8 199.6 163.2 Real interest rate (%) ­0.7 0.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.7 2.6 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,796 6,488 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 64.7 114.1 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 17.8 56.1 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 107 Isle of Man High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.07 0.08 1,056 Labor force (millions) .. .. 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.6 2.4 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 23,170 45,810 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 10.4 6.0 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.7 0.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 0 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 163.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 65.7 108 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Israel High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.3 7.2 1,056 Labor force (millions) 2.5 2.9 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.8 7.3 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 17,850 22,170 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.5 3.2 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.1 0.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 4.1 4.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.4 43.2 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.7 44.9 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 30 Time to start a business (days) .. 34 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 91.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 33.9 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 36 29 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. 11.5 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 4.4 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.3 5.9 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.6 18.7 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­1.9 0.3 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 83.6 95.7 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 76.2 86.3 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.3 6.2 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 6.9 1.7 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 77.5 90.1 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 11.2 6.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.2 2.8 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,372 6,889 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 70.0 124.0 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 20.2 27.9 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 109 Italy High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 56.9 59.4 1,056 Labor force (millions) 23.5 25.3 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.5 6.1 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 20,890 33,490 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 1.8 1.0 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.8 2.0 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.4 27.0 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.0 18.1 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.8 70.9 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.5 1.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.1 29.2 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.1 29.5 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 65 Time to start a business (days) .. 10 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 11.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.8 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 73.3 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 36 28 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 13.8 12.1 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.5 2.0 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.2 1.9 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.3 21.1 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­0.7 ­1.8 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 119.4 104.8 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 74.8 .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 42.2 .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.0 7.7 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 7.8 4.8 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 76.0 101.8 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 5.0 4.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.2 4.9 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,299 5,755 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 74.2 151.8 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 23.2 53.9 65.7 110 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Jamaica Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.6 2.7 824 Labor force (millions) 1.2 1.2 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 15.5 9.4 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,930 3,330 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) ­0.1 1.0 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.7 5.9 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.3 32.8 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.7 12.7 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.0 61.3 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8.2 9.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 43.0 69.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.6 45.8 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.9 63.0 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 63 Time to start a business (days) .. 8 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 62.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.1 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 51.3 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 33 33 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 3.5 3.7 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.0 1.2 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 6.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 4.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 10.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 6.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 16.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 546 64 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.8 7.6 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.4 33.0 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 23.6 29.3 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.6 ­28.9 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 111.0 128.7 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 36.0 41.4 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 32.8 38.7 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.2 8.7 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.0 2.6 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 28.9 31.1 45.5 Real interest rate (%) 10.7 ­7.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.7 10.1 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 70.1 73.3 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,321 2,453 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 14.2 100.0 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.1 56.1 26.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 111 Japan High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 126.9 127.8 1,056 Labor force (millions) 67.7 65.7 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.8 3.9 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 34,620 37,790 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 0.6 1.7 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.8 1.5 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.4 30.1 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.2 21.4 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.8 68.4 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­0.7 0.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 107.8 117.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 11.0 16.1 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 9.5 14.8 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 12 Time to start a business (days) .. 23 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 0.6 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 55.4 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 3.7 4.4 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.1 1.7 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.2 0.5 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.2 23.5 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 236.4 153.2 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 230.1 186.1 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.6 5.0 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.3 1.5 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 222.3 171.6 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 3.9 2.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.0 1.1 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 76.6 79.3 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,971 8,220 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 52.6 84.0 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 30.0 69.0 65.7 112 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Middle East & North Africa Jordan Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.8 5.7 3,435 Labor force (millions) 1.3 1.6 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 15.8 12.4 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,790 2,840 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.2 6.3 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.3 3.2 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.5 29.4 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.7 19.3 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 72.1 67.4 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.7 5.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.7 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.8 57.9 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 68.5 99.3 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 101 Time to start a business (days) .. 14 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.3 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 31.1 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.2 0.6 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 6.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 0.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 8.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 47.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 15.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 584 1,126 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.6 11.6 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.1 27.4 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.9 19.6 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.0 ­5.1 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) 93.7 77.5 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 86.4 110.6 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 85.7 106.2 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.0 6.7 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 18.4 4.1 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 77.8 99.0 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 12.2 2.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.8 3.2 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,377 1,904 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 2.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 8.1 83.4 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.7 19.7 12.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 113 Kazakhstan Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 14.9 15.5 824 Labor force (millions) 7.5 8.2 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.8 8.4 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,270 5,020 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 1.9 10.0 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.7 6.1 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 40.5 40.6 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.7 12.4 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.8 53.3 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 13.2 10.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 142.1 122.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 56.6 49.4 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.1 42.6 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 70 Time to start a business (days) .. 21 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 9.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.3 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 36.4 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. 9.0 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.3 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 7.3 3.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 55.0 55.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 6.4 15.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7.2 13.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.8 9.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 475 838 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.0 9.7 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.3 30.1 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.5 24.5 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.1 1.2 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 21.6 5.3 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 10.2 49.0 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 8.7 26.5 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.6 15.2 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. 2.7 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 11.2 58.9 45.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 86.5 91.4 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,170 4,293 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.3 79.6 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.7 12.3 26.6 114 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Kenya Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 31.3 37.5 1,296 Labor force (millions) 14.3 17.4 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.8 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 420 640 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 2.2 4.4 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 32.4 26.1 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.9 17.9 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.6 11.0 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.7 56.0 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 10.0 9.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 76.2 67.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.6 26.1 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.7 37.3 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 82 Time to start a business (days) .. 30 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 12 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 47.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.5 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 50.9 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 4.7 5.9 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.3 0.4 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 5.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 32.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 22.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 40.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 9.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 130 877 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.9 3.0 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.7 19.5 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 7.5 24.9 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.0 ­3.0 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 52.6 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 33.7 35.2 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 31.8 34.5 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.9 12.4 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 33.3 22.7 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 28.4 27.2 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 15.3 8.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 14.2 8.2 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 12.1 14.1 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 110 145 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 7.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.4 30.2 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.3 8.0 5.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 115 Kiribati East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.08 0.10 3,435 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,130 1,120 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 9.6 ­0.5 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.0 3.4 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 10.2 6.3 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 0.8 0.9 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 85.8 90.2 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.7 1.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 10.1 15.0 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 68.4 121.6 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 79 Time to start a business (days) .. 21 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 31.8 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 74.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.4 0.7 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.8 2.1 12.4 116 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Korea, Dem. Rep. Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 22.9 23.8 1,296 Labor force (millions) 11.1 12.4 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) .. .. 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 31.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 6.4 2.8 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 712 797 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 0.0 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 0.0 5.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 117 Korea, Rep. High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 47.0 48.5 1,056 Labor force (millions) 22.7 24.3 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.4 3.2 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,800 19,730 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.5 4.7 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.9 3.0 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 40.7 39.4 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 29.4 27.9 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 54.4 57.6 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.3 2.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,131.0 929.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.8 45.6 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.7 44.8 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 23 Time to start a business (days) .. 17 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 91.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 33.7 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 28 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 3.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 21.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 11.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 3.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 17.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.8 0.2 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 31.1 28.8 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 4.6 4.6 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 9.6 .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 76.5 107.5 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 60.8 63.4 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.6 9.0 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 8.9 0.7 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 91.1 107.8 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 7.8 5.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 0.6 1.4 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 74.5 88.6 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,907 8,063 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 57.0 89.8 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 40.5 75.9 65.7 118 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development KuwaitHigh income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.2 2.7 1,056 Labor force (millions) 1.1 1.4 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 0.8 1.7 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 16,790 38,420 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 1.8 9.2 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.4 0.5 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 59.2 51.0 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.6 2.3 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.5 48.5 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.5 5.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.3 0.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 56.5 65.4 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.1 30.1 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 52 Time to start a business (days) .. 35 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 78.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.2 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 14.4 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 0 .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 0.1 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 10.7 19.7 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­9.4 16.3 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 77.5 60.7 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 64.6 52.0 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.5 12.0 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 19.2 3.2 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 48.7 69.6 163.2 Real interest rate (%) ­9.7 ­7.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.0 3.1 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 80.6 85.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 13,378 16,311 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 21.7 104.2 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.8 33.8 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 119 Kyrgyz Republic Europe & Central Asia Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.9 5.2 1,296 Labor force (millions) 2.1 2.3 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.5 8.3 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 280 610 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 5.4 4.1 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 36.7 33.6 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.4 18.9 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.5 11.3 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 31.9 47.5 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 18.7 10.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 47.7 37.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.8 44.7 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 47.6 89.9 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 68 Time to start a business (days) .. 15 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 61.4 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 1.2 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 5.8 6.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 75.8 85.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 6.4 7.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 10.5 13.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 11.6 11.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 5 5 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) ­0.2 5.6 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 25.2 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.5 18.0 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.9 ­1.5 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 114.5 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 4.2 12.2 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 4.9 10.2 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.2 15.3 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 19.5 10.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 33.5 19.9 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 91.1 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,904 2,015 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 41.4 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.0 14.3 5.2 120 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Lao PDR Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.2 5.9 1,296 Labor force (millions) 2.4 2.9 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 1.4 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 290 630 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 6.1 6.7 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 52.5 41.8 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.9 32.2 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.0 21.4 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 24.6 26.0 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 25.1 4.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 7,887.6 9,603.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.0 37.4 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.1 53.3 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 165 Time to start a business (days) .. 103 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 19.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 33.7 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 4.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 34.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 13.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 58.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 3.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 5 810 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.0 7.9 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.3 39.8 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.7 32.4 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­3.0 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 8.8 8.6 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.6 17.5 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.9 6.8 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 5.5 24.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 20.0 23.5 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 44.5 13.4 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 25.2 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 1.7 5.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 121 Latvia Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.4 2.3 824 Labor force (millions) 1.1 1.2 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 13.9 6.0 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,220 9,920 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 5.7 9.0 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.6 3.3 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.6 22.0 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.7 10.8 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 71.8 74.7 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.7 10.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.6 0.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.6 44.4 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.7 64.7 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 29 Time to start a business (days) .. 16 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 33.0 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 25 15 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 4.1 7.6 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 7.2 2.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 33.3 24.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 10.2 15.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 8.6 31.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.0 9.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 229 166 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.3 8.3 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.2 32.5 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.5 24.1 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.2 0.9 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 12.0 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 20.8 79.6 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 16.3 34.2 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.5 7.9 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 4.6 0.4 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 19.2 93.9 45.5 Real interest rate (%) 7.4 ­2.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.5 4.8 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,078 2,876 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 16.9 97.4 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.3 55.0 26.6 122 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Middle East & North Africa Lebanon Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.8 4.1 824 Labor force (millions) 1.3 1.5 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.5 8.1 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,580 5,800 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 2.3 3.3 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.3 6.4 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.7 24.0 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.7 11.4 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.0 69.6 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,507.5 1,507.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 13.8 25.3 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.8 49.9 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 99 Time to start a business (days) .. 11 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 36.0 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.7 0.4 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 12.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 23.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 26.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 71.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 20.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 196 3 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.7 11.7 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.8 17.9 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.9 11.4 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­18.9 ­11.5 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.4 8.1 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 7.8 10.1 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 90.2 75.6 45.5 Real interest rate (%) 21.2 5.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 2.3 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 84.9 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,081 2,141 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 19.7 30.8 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 8.0 38.3 26.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 123 Lesotho Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.9 2.0 3,435 Labor force (millions) 0.80 0.85 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 27.3 .. 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 600 1,030 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 2.3 3.8 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 17.9 11.9 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 41.4 46.9 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.0 19.2 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.7 41.2 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.1 8.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.9 7.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.9 54.9 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 90.4 106.9 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 123 Time to start a business (days) .. 40 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 44.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.6 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 18.0 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 19.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 5.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 6.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 51.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 8.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 3 5 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 13.8 8.1 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 44.9 27.8 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 36.9 17.0 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.6 9.2 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) 67.8 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. 13.6 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. 25.8 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 14.6 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. 3.0 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 14.3 10.5 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 12.6 7.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.2 7.7 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 18.3 .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.1 22.7 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 3.5 12.4 124 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Liberia Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.1 3.7 1,296 Labor force (millions) 1.1 1.4 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 5.6 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 130 140 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 38.9 ­2.7 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 72.0 54.0 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 11.6 18.6 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.5 13.0 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 16.4 27.5 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 41.0 61.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.5 33.3 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.0 83.8 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 157 Time to start a business (days) .. 27 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 84.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 35.8 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 17 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.7 17.9 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 4.9 16.4 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 2.0 4.3 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 3.1 10.0 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 22.1 ­0.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 14.3 11.3 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 6.2 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 15.2 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 0.5 5.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 125 Libya Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.3 6.2 824 Labor force (millions) 1.8 2.3 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 9,010 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) .. 3.7 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­2.9 3.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.5 1.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.0 .. 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.2 .. 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.4 8.0 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.9 .. 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 32.1 .. 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 26.5 .. 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 26.8 7.2 45.5 Real interest rate (%) ­13.4 0.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.0 3.5 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 57.2 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,227 3,688 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.7 73.1 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 4.3 26.6 126 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Liechtenstein High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.03 0.04 1,056 Labor force (millions) .. .. 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) .. .. 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 15 15 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 163.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 30.6 90.8 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 36.8 65.2 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 127 Lithuania Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.5 3.4 824 Labor force (millions) 1.7 1.6 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 16.4 4.3 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,170 9,770 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.2 8.0 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.9 5.2 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.8 33.3 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.4 19.1 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.3 61.5 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.0 5.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 4.0 2.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.8 55.4 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.1 67.4 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 28 Time to start a business (days) .. 26 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 30.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.7 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 46.4 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 24 15 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 6.8 9.8 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.3 2.7 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 6.1 5.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 26.3 31.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 10.0 15.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 4.3 30.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 11.6 15.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 388 253 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.3 5.3 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.8 26.6 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.6 .. 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.8 ­0.9 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. 19.3 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 18.2 54.2 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 15.4 33.0 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.2 7.4 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.3 1.0 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 13.2 61.2 45.5 Real interest rate (%) 10.2 ­1.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.3 1.5 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 91.3 28.3 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,517 3,233 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 15.0 145.8 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.4 49.2 26.6 128 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Luxembourg High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.44 0.48 1,056 Labor force (millions) 0.19 0.22 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.3 3.9 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 43,490 72,430 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 6.4 4.2 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.7 0.4 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 18.4 14.4 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.3 7.9 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 81.0 85.2 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.1 2.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 150.0 172.5 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 129.0 141.9 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 50 Time to start a business (days) .. 26 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 39.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 21.0 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 23 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 12.9 11.7 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 7.9 8.0 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 524.9 380.3 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.8 20.2 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 5.5 3.2 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 4.9 4.8 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.0 4.6 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.5 0.2 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 102.2 191.7 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 5.7 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.0 .. 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 15,425 16,414 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 69.2 125.9 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 22.8 75.8 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 129 Macao, China High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.44 0.48 1,056 Labor force (millions) 0.22 0.27 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.7 3.0 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 14,250 .. 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) ­1.1 15.2 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.0 0.0 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.7 18.7 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.1 3.9 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 90.3 85.1 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­1.6 5.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.0 8.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 104.3 92.2 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 67.1 58.9 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 15 12 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.2 18.6 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.9 34.6 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.7 10.2 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 82.8 40.1 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 170.8 114.0 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 83.0 42.8 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 11.0 3.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.6 5.0 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 32.0 165.4 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 13.6 49.6 65.7 130 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Macedonia, FYR Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.0 2.0 3,435 Labor force (millions) 0.83 0.89 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 32.2 34.9 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,840 3,470 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.0 2.7 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.0 12.0 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.7 29.5 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 20.7 18.9 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 54.2 58.5 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.6 3.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 65.9 44.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.6 54.9 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 63.5 74.6 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 71 Time to start a business (days) .. 9 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.7 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 18.4 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 15 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 7.3 8.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 42.7 33.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 4.7 9.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 10.8 7.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 9.5 11.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 429 269 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.9 4.2 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.2 19.8 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.5 13.3 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 23.1 9.1 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 17.8 38.0 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 9.9 4.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.7 5.4 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 63.8 .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,932 3,495 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.8 95.6 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.5 27.3 12.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 131 Madagascar Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 16.2 19.7 1,296 Labor force (millions) 7.4 9.5 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.8 2.6 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 240 320 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.9 3.2 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 29.2 26.2 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 14.2 17.4 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.2 15.5 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 56.6 56.4 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 12.0 10.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,353.5 1,873.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.7 30.3 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.0 46.6 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 144 Time to start a business (days) .. 7 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 30.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 42.8 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.5 6.4 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.1 0.1 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 20.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 12.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 13.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 58.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 6.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 10 120 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.1 13.5 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.0 27.3 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.3 19.7 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.0 ­2.7 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 111.9 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 10.1 11.3 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.0 14.8 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.1 6.2 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 8.6 10.1 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.8 10.1 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 18.0 31.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.5 28.5 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 11.6 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.4 11.3 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 0.6 5.2 132 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Malawi Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 11.6 13.9 1,296 Labor force (millions) 4.9 5.7 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 7.8 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 150 250 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.8 3.3 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 39.5 34.3 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.9 20.4 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.9 14.1 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 42.5 45.3 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 29.6 8.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 59.5 140.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.6 23.7 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.3 44.8 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 134 Time to start a business (days) .. 39 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 84.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.6 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 31.4 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 38 .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 5.1 7.5 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.0 0.1 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 5.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 15.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 20.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 98.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 17.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 5 37 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.5 1.5 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.3 24.1 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 2.3 10.1 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 7.6 11.1 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 15.0 20.2 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.1 10.6 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 17.3 18.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 19.9 21.7 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 19.0 45.0 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 76.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.4 7.5 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 1.0 5.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 133 Malaysia East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 23.3 26.5 824 Labor force (millions) 9.7 11.6 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.0 3.1 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,450 6,420 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.7 5.4 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.9 10.2 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 48.3 47.7 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 30.9 28.0 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.8 42.0 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.5 2.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.8 3.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 119.8 110.2 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 100.6 89.9 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 20 Time to start a business (days) .. 13 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 75.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.3 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 34.5 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 28 27 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 2.5 2.8 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 7.3 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 23.8 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 16.4 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 31.4 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 5,710 1,057 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.0 4.5 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.3 21.7 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.4 11.6 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­3.0 ­4.1 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 131.0 106.6 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 107.6 109.6 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.5 7.5 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 15.4 6.6 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 171.3 105.3 45.5 Real interest rate (%) ­1.1 1.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.3 3.2 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 75.3 79.8 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,743 3,388 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 22.0 87.9 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 21.4 55.7 26.6 134 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development South Asia Maldives Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.27 0.31 3,435 Labor force (millions) 0.09 0.14 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.0 14.4 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,140 3,190 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 8.5 6.8 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. 7.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 11.8 12.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 89.5 91.9 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 71.6 80.8 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 69 Time to start a business (days) .. 9 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 9.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 6.7 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 9.1 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 2.7 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 2 40 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.1 1.4 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.3 53.5 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­5.0 ­8.8 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) 40.9 55.7 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. 84.4 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. 58.2 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 19.1 90.5 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 11.7 6.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.1 6.5 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.8 102.7 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.2 10.8 12.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 135 Mali Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.0 12.3 1,296 Labor force (millions) 2.6 3.2 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.3 8.8 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 260 500 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 5.5 5.4 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 41.6 36.5 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.6 24.2 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.8 3.1 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 37.9 39.1 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­0.7 1.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 479.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.8 27.3 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.4 37.0 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 166 Time to start a business (days) .. 26 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 31.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.6 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 51.4 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 2.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 31.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 7.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 48.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 8.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 366 87 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.4 5.2 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.6 23.3 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.9 14.5 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­3.4 ­5.6 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 15.8 17.3 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.1 17.2 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 16.6 18.8 31.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 12.1 18.0 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 4.4 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.1 20.5 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 0.8 5.2 136 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Malta High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.39 0.41 1,056 Labor force (millions) 0.15 0.17 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.7 6.2 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,670 16,680 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.4 1.6 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.4 1.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 92.1 87.7 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 102.7 89.9 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 35 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 7.9 8.9 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 15.4 12.5 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.1 19.4 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­1.8 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 71.6 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 129.0 135.7 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 122.5 139.7 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 8.6 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. 1.8 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 106.9 118.5 163.2 Real interest rate (%) ­2.7 3.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.4 2.6 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 88.0 87.5 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,313 4,970 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 29.3 90.8 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 13.1 44.7 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 137 Marshall Islands East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.05 0.06 3,435 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 30.9 .. 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,420 3,240 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) ­3.7 2.8 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.4 .. 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 18.6 .. 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.7 .. 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 72.1 .. 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 93 Time to start a business (days) .. 17 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 0.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 64.9 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 74.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.9 1.2 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.6 3.9 12.4 138 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Mauritania Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.6 3.1 1,296 Labor force (millions) 1.1 1.3 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 20.6 33.0 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 470 840 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 2.3 5.1 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 27.6 12.5 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.7 46.7 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.0 5.0 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 42.6 40.7 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.3 7.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 238.9 258.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.2 57.7 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 74.2 64.9 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 160 Time to start a business (days) .. 19 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 31.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 8.0 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 98.7 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 5.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 48.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 3.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 7.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 5.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 43 30 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.7 5.8 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.4 25.9 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.8 21.3 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 22.0 27.5 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 9.5 11.2 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.1 27.0 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 23.9 26.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 16.2 15.5 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 11.3 26.8 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 3.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.6 41.7 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 1.0 5.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 139 Mauritius Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.2 1.3 824 Labor force (millions) 0.53 0.57 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 8.5 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,740 5,580 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 5.5 4.0 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.9 5.3 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.2 27.8 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.7 19.9 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.9 66.9 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.2 8.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 26.2 31.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.7 61.8 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.6 71.1 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 24 Time to start a business (days) .. 6 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 35.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.7 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 22.2 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 25 15 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 9.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 1.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 36.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 23.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 28.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 338 26 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.9 5.0 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.3 24.9 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.5 18.3 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­1.1 ­2.3 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 34.5 40.4 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 68.4 94.3 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 70.4 88.4 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 60.7 83.5 45.5 Real interest rate (%) 16.5 13.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.2 10.1 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 97.0 100.0 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 15.2 73.7 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 7.3 27.0 26.6 140 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Mayotte Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.16 0.19 824 Labor force (millions) .. .. 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) .. .. 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 45.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.7 28.0 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 26.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 141 Mexico Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 98.0 105.3 824 Labor force (millions) 39.4 44.4 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.6 3.4 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,110 9,400 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 5.4 2.6 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.2 3.7 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.0 35.9 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 20.3 18.6 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 67.8 60.3 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.5 4.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 9.5 10.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.9 28.3 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.9 29.9 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 56 Time to start a business (days) .. 28 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 52.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.8 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 51.5 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 28 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. 7.1 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 4.7 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 20.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 9.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 2.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 11.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 20.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 5,277 9,895 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.1 2.4 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.4 20.8 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.8 16.7 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­1.2 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) 23.2 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 32.7 29.5 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 24.6 21.0 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.6 14.4 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.8 2.5 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 18.3 22.0 45.5 Real interest rate (%) 4.3 2.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.7 4.4 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 32.8 50.0 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,794 2,003 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 2.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 14.4 63.2 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 5.2 22.7 26.6 142 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Micronesia, Fed. Sts. Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.11 0.11 3,435 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,150 2,280 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) ­1.4 ­0.7 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 126 Time to start a business (days) .. 16 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 0.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.3 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 58.7 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 33.0 22.9 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 13.0 10.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.7 11.5 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 17.5 .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 24.7 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.7 13.5 12.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 143 Moldova Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.1 3.8 3,435 Labor force (millions) 1.7 1.4 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.5 5.1 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 370 1,210 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) ­2.6 6.5 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 29.0 12.0 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.7 14.8 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.3 14.2 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.2 73.2 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 31.3 12.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 12.4 12.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.8 45.7 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 75.4 97.9 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 103 Time to start a business (days) .. 15 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 37.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.8 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 42.1 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 15 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.6 9.3 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.2 2.2 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 6.4 3.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 68.0 43.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 17.8 17.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 18.0 28.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 8.6 6.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 25 426 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.9 11.2 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.4 33.3 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.8 30.6 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­1.5 ­0.3 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) 73.0 23.3 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 14.1 33.1 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 11.0 32.4 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 30.6 17.3 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 20.6 3.7 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 12.7 36.9 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 5.1 2.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.9 3.8 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 86.1 85.5 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 882 1,516 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 3.4 49.5 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.3 18.4 12.4 144 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Monaco High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) .. 0.03 1,056 Labor force (millions) .. .. 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.6 .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) .. .. 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 33 .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 163.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. 56.0 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) .. 61.2 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 145 Mongolia East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.4 2.6 3,435 Labor force (millions) 0.97 1.1 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 17.5 2.8 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 410 1,290 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.0 7.5 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 32.7 23.0 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.3 41.5 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.6 4.5 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 47.0 35.6 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 11.6 9.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,076.7 1,171.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 56.4 64.3 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 70.9 65.7 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 58 Time to start a business (days) .. 13 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 9.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 30.3 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 6.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 32.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 6.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 20.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 11 2 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.9 8.3 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.1 37.0 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 22.0 26.1 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. 7.7 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) 83.3 46.9 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 11.9 34.5 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.7 38.2 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 7.2 45.5 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 5.3 4.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 15.9 4.1 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 3.5 .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,076 1,298 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.4 30.0 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.3 12.3 12.4 146 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Montenegro Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.67 0.60 824 Labor force (millions) .. .. 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 30.3 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,840 5,270 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) ­1.6 4.5 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.5 10.5 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.4 20.0 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.2 9.0 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.1 69.4 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.8 51.3 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.1 93.9 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 90 Time to start a business (days) .. 21 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 15 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 39.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 31.8 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 9 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 12.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 0.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 8.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 0.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 12.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 10 104 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.6 25.2 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.9 23.6 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 16.2 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 8.0 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. 3.2 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.1 84.7 45.5 Real interest rate (%) .. 2.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. 4.3 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. 107.1 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) .. 46.7 26.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 147 Morocco Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 28.5 30.9 3,435 Labor force (millions) 10.0 11.2 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.5 10.0 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,340 2,290 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.4 5.0 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.9 13.7 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.1 27.3 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.5 15.0 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 56.0 59.0 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.9 2.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 10.6 8.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.0 35.8 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.4 44.9 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 128 Time to start a business (days) .. 12 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 85.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.8 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 44.6 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 35 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.4 1.1 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 11.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 10.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 12.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 18.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 17.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 2,135 716 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.6 3.7 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.0 31.3 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 21.3 27.3 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­3.1 2.5 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) 56.5 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 63.6 73.2 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 56.4 78.5 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.8 6.9 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 17.5 7.9 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 51.0 69.9 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 14.0 10.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.2 7.9 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 56.4 61.9 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 489 685 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 2.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 8.2 64.9 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.7 21.4 12.4 148 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Mozambique Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 18.2 21.4 1,296 Labor force (millions) 8.6 9.9 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.2 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 230 330 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 8.1 8.1 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 24.0 27.6 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.5 25.7 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.2 15.2 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.5 46.7 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 12.7 8.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 15.2 25.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 17.5 38.6 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.0 45.6 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 141 Time to start a business (days) .. 26 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 134.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.0 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 34.3 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 32 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 3.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 9.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 11.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 12.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 18.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 45 66 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.3 5.5 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 31.0 19.2 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 21.7 7.1 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 17.0 20.0 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 20.3 23.4 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.2 6.4 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 17.8 2.6 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 16.7 13.9 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 6.3 12.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 9.3 7.7 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 18.7 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 122 461 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 3.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.3 15.4 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 0.9 5.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 149 Myanmar East Asia & Pacific Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 45.9 48.8 1,296 Labor force (millions) 24.9 27.9 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 7.6 9.2 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 57.2 .. 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 9.7 .. 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.2 .. 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 33.1 .. 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­0.1 35.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.4 5.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 0.4 .. 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 1.1 .. 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 325 556 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.0 .. 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 7.5 .. 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­1.8 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 11.3 4.8 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.6 6.5 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 10.4 5.6 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 8.6 ­2.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.5 5.0 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 11.4 11.9 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 77 93 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 0.4 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 0.1 5.2 150 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Namibia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.9 2.1 3,435 Labor force (millions) 0.61 0.70 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 20.3 21.9 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,880 3,450 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.5 4.8 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 11.0 11.2 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.4 30.1 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.1 11.4 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.7 58.6 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. 6.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.9 7.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.6 50.0 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.2 54.5 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 51 Time to start a business (days) .. 66 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 24.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.5 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 25.3 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 35 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 2.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 2.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 8.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 9.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 17.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 10 9 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.5 2.4 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.8 30.1 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.7 21.0 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­3.0 ­6.8 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 46.5 56.3 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 35.2 38.8 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.7 7.9 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.4 2.8 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 45.6 65.3 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 4.2 12.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.9 5.3 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 13.6 .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,270 1,546 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 1.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.4 38.5 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.6 4.9 12.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 151 Nepal South Asia Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 24.4 28.1 1,296 Labor force (millions) 9.3 11.7 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.8 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 220 350 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.6 3.4 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 40.8 33.6 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.1 17.1 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.4 7.7 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 37.0 49.3 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.5 6.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 71.1 66.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.3 13.1 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.4 31.3 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 121 Time to start a business (days) .. 31 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 90.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.0 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 34.1 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 54 14 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 0.1 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.3 20.4 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.4 17.5 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­1.0 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 64.6 43.0 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 31.9 57.4 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 35.2 61.5 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 30.7 36.3 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 4.8 0.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.5 5.8 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 30.8 56.9 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 58 80 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 11.6 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 1.4 5.2 152 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Netherlands High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 15.9 16.4 1,056 Labor force (millions) 8.1 8.5 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.0 3.6 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 26,580 45,650 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.1 1.6 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.6 2.1 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.9 24.2 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.6 13.3 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 72.4 73.7 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.3 1.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 70.1 75.3 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.5 67.3 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 26 Time to start a business (days) .. 10 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.1 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 39.1 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 26 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 9.4 11.3 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 8.1 10.5 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 16.4 16.1 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.9 19.9 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.0 0.3 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 52.1 44.0 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.1 3.3 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.8 0.8 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 134.2 195.0 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 0.6 3.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 1.9 0.7 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 90.0 .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,560 7,055 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 67.5 117.7 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 44.0 84.2 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 153 Netherlands Antilles High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.18 0.19 1,056 Labor force (millions) 0.08 0.09 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 14.0 12.0 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) .. .. 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5.8 3.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.8 1.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 35 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 2.7 3.4 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 5.4 5.9 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 163.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.1 6.6 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,402 5,656 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 16.5 108.6 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.1 .. 65.7 154 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development New Caledonia High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.21 0.24 1,056 Labor force (millions) 0.09 0.10 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 14,020 .. 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 0.2 .. 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.7 .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.6 .. 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.0 .. 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 76.7 .. 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 129.5 87.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 13.1 .. 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.0 .. 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 163.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 23.4 72.8 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 14.1 33.5 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 155 New Zealand High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.9 4.2 1,056 Labor force (millions) 1.9 2.3 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.9 3.6 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 13,460 27,080 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 2.5 3.4 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.9 6.8 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.3 24.9 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.9 .. 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.8 68.3 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.6 2.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.2 1.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.5 29.1 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.8 30.6 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 2 Time to start a business (days) .. 1 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 1 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 0.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.3 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 35.6 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 33 33 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 14.2 15.7 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 14.0 27.0 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.7 2.0 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.4 23.0 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.7 3.1 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 33.8 38.6 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 111.6 148.1 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 6.8 7.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.9 5.0 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 62.8 65.6 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 9,076 9,646 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 40.0 100.5 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 47.5 69.2 65.7 156 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Nicaragua Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.1 5.6 3,435 Labor force (millions) 1.8 2.2 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.8 5.2 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 730 990 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 5.0 3.4 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 20.9 19.4 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.2 29.6 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.0 18.9 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.9 51.1 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.1 11.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 12.7 18.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.9 33.2 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.1 67.2 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 107 Time to start a business (days) .. 39 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 24.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.2 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 63.2 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 25 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.4 0.6 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 9.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 2.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 13.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 62.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 18.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 219 190 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.8 6.7 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.5 29.4 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.8 24.4 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­3.6 0.4 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 31.7 36.1 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 33.5 33.3 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.3 8.8 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.2 8.0 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 33.2 39.1 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 8.8 3.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.3 7.0 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 11.1 .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 337 426 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 13.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.8 37.9 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.0 2.8 12.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 157 Niger Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 11.1 14.2 1,296 Labor force (millions) 3.7 4.7 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.5 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 170 280 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.4 3.9 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 37.8 41.3 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.8 17.4 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.8 6.8 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 44.4 41.4 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.9 0.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 479.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 17.8 15.4 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.7 24.8 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 172 Time to start a business (days) .. 19 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 35.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.0 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 42.3 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 11.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 17.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 14.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 20.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 4.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 13 110 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.5 0.6 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.2 18.9 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 4.6 12.5 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­1.0 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 5.8 9.0 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 5.5 8.7 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.8 9.6 31.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 25.7 20.5 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 20.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 6.3 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 0.3 5.2 158 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Nigeria Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 124.8 148.0 1,296 Labor force (millions) 37.6 45.3 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 270 920 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 2.7 6.6 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 48.6 32.6 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.5 39.3 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.4 2.6 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 20.9 28.1 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.9 5.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 101.7 125.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.0 40.3 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.0 29.7 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 118 Time to start a business (days) .. 31 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 50.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 32.2 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 6.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 22.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 2.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 7.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 8.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 76 3,041 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.5 3.7 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 15.5 17.3 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 12.6 13.4 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.4 16.3 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 22.6 8.4 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 12.5 25.4 31.2 Real interest rate (%) ­12.2 11.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 9.6 6.7 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 30.9 15.0 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 73 116 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 26.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 27.3 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 6.8 5.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 159 Northern Mariana Islands High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) .. 0.08 1,056 Labor force (millions) .. .. 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 4.6 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) .. .. 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 163.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. 26.2 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 65.7 160 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Norway High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.5 4.7 1,056 Labor force (millions) 2.4 2.5 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.4 2.5 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 35,870 77,370 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.6 2.4 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.1 1.4 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 42.0 43.0 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.6 10.0 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 56.0 55.5 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.1 0.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.8 5.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.5 45.8 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.4 30.1 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 10 Time to start a business (days) .. 10 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 13.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 0.9 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 41.6 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 28 28 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.5 13.6 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 3.4 5.9 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.1 1.0 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.4 20.8 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 15.7 18.0 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 23.5 46.1 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 66.3 83.2 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 44.0 50.5 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.0 5.0 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.2 0.6 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 75.8 87.9 163.2 Real interest rate (%) ­5.8 5.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.2 1.8 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 76.0 .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 24,994 24,296 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 71.8 110.2 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 26.7 84.8 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 161 Oman High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.4 2.6 1,056 Labor force (millions) 0.88 0.97 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,720 12,860 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.2 4.7 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.0 1.9 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 57.2 54.9 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.4 8.3 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.8 43.3 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­0.8 6.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.4 0.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.2 63.0 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.4 38.2 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 57 Time to start a business (days) .. 14 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 21.6 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 12 12 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 9.8 16.4 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.3 3.6 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 6.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 14.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 10.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 29 926 .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.4 4.5 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.9 18.5 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 4.4 .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­4.4 .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 19.1 .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 44.4 34.3 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 31.2 29.4 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.8 13.2 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.3 3.2 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 36.8 32.0 163.2 Real interest rate (%) ­8.3 ­0.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.4 3.1 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 30.0 .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,140 4,456 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.7 96.2 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.7 13.1 65.7 162 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development South Asia Pakistan Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 138.1 162.5 1,296 Labor force (millions) 41.1 56.2 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 5.3 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 490 860 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.0 5.6 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 25.9 20.6 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.3 26.6 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.7 19.0 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.7 52.8 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.4 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 53.6 60.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 13.4 14.1 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.7 21.2 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 77 Time to start a business (days) .. 24 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 90.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.8 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 28.9 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 37 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 8.7 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 3.6 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 32.9 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.0 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 77 4,487 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.4 3.7 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.9 21.3 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.3 15.6 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­4.1 ­4.1 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 74.0 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 30.2 38.2 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 26.5 34.7 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.9 10.2 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 19.5 8.4 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 22.3 29.4 31.2 Real interest rate (%) .. 3.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. 6.5 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 56.0 65.4 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 374 480 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 38.7 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.4 10.8 5.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 163 Palau East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.02 0.02 824 Labor force (millions) .. .. 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,260 8,270 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 1.2 1.9 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.9 3.5 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.3 20.7 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 1.4 0.5 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 80.8 75.8 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 9.6 67.8 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 106.1 64.1 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 91 Time to start a business (days) .. 28 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 0.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 73.0 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 45.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.3 53.0 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 20.0 27.3 26.6 164 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Panama Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.9 3.3 824 Labor force (millions) 1.3 1.5 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 13.8 6.8 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,740 5,500 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 5.0 6.0 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.2 6.7 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.1 16.5 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.1 7.1 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 73.6 76.8 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.5 4.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 72.6 80.0 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.8 75.0 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 81 Time to start a business (days) .. 13 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 44.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.5 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 50.6 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 10.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 7.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 19.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 11.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 14.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 111 556 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.4 9.8 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.2 22.4 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 19.1 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­0.8 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 94.5 81.5 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 73.8 78.3 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.6 13.7 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.4 1.3 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 101.9 92.0 45.5 Real interest rate (%) 11.9 6.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.4 3.5 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 34.6 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,301 1,506 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 4.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.9 90.1 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.6 22.3 26.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 165 Papua New Guinea East Asia & Pacific Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.4 6.3 1,296 Labor force (millions) 2.3 2.7 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.8 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 620 850 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) ­0.8 2.3 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 35.8 35.5 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 41.4 44.9 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.5 6.0 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 22.8 19.6 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 15.6 0.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.8 3.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 66.2 89.5 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.2 68.0 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 95 Time to start a business (days) .. 56 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 39.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 41.7 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 25 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 71 150 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.7 1.5 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.4 18.1 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­1.9 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) 57.7 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 17.2 21.4 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 3.9 7.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 9.1 8.7 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 3.5 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 4.7 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.8 1.8 5.2 166 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Paraguay Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.3 6.1 3,435 Labor force (millions) 2.4 3.1 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.6 5.6 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,350 1,710 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 0.1 3.3 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 17.0 22.0 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.5 20.0 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.5 12.8 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.5 58.0 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.0 8.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3,486.4 5,032.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.2 50.9 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.0 53.9 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 115 Time to start a business (days) .. 35 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 113.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.9 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 35.0 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 10 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 7.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 24.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 8.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 27.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 7.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 30 153 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.5 1.6 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.5 17.4 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 15.1 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. 1.8 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 28.4 18.4 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 22.0 17.2 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.4 11.6 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 12.3 1.3 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 29.8 20.0 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 13.1 13.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.1 20.0 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 50.8 .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 880 900 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 2.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 15.4 76.7 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.7 8.7 12.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 167 Peru Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 25.7 27.9 3,435 Labor force (millions) 11.6 14.1 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.4 6.7 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,080 3,410 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 2.4 5.4 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.5 6.6 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.9 37.0 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.8 15.9 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 61.6 56.4 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.8 1.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.5 3.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.0 28.9 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.2 22.4 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 62 Time to start a business (days) .. 65 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 52.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.1 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 41.2 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.4 .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 13.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 1.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 3.1 30.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 22.5 81.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 2.6 14.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 952 2,306 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.5 5.0 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.2 21.6 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.3 18.3 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.1 2.0 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 27.2 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 29.0 19.8 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 26.1 22.8 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.1 8.8 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 9.0 1.3 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 26.0 21.0 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 25.4 20.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 20.2 19.6 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 13.4 13.9 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 687 899 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 1.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.0 55.3 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.1 27.4 12.4 168 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Philippines Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 76.2 87.9 3,435 Labor force (millions) 30.8 36.9 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.1 6.3 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,050 1,620 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.5 5.1 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.8 14.1 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.3 31.7 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.2 22.0 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.0 54.2 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.0 2.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 44.2 46.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55.4 42.6 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.5 42.2 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 140 Time to start a business (days) .. 52 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 15 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 91.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.7 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 50.8 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 32 35 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.3 0.3 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 6.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 27.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 5.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 13.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 15.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 2,153 4,386 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.0 2.0 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.2 14.8 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.6 11.5 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­3.9 ­1.5 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) 52.9 77.7 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 50.3 36.2 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 54.0 51.0 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.6 11.7 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 24.0 5.8 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 43.8 28.8 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 4.3 5.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.6 5.0 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 20.0 9.9 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 511 578 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 8.5 58.9 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.0 6.0 12.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 169 Poland Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 38.5 38.1 824 Labor force (millions) 17.4 17.3 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 16.1 9.6 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,570 9,850 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 5.4 4.1 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.0 4.3 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.7 31.1 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.5 17.5 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 63.3 64.6 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 10.1 2.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 4.3 2.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.1 40.9 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.5 43.6 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 76 Time to start a business (days) .. 31 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 13.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 40.2 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 28 19 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 4.9 5.0 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.9 1.0 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 7.9 3.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 27.4 30.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 17.2 20.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 0.0 13.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 9.5 13.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 7,807 3,592 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.5 5.4 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.7 21.7 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.9 17.5 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.8 ­2.0 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 33.0 47.4 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 33.6 45.6 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 34.0 39.1 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.1 7.4 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 15.5 3.1 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 26.6 39.7 45.5 Real interest rate (%) 12.0 3.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.8 3.3 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 68.3 69.7 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,240 3,585 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 17.5 108.6 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 7.3 44.0 26.6 170 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Portugal High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.2 10.6 1,056 Labor force (millions) 5.2 5.6 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.9 8.0 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,590 18,950 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.2 0.9 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.8 2.7 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.6 24.5 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.1 14.7 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.6 72.9 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.8 2.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.8 32.9 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.6 40.1 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 48 Time to start a business (days) .. 6 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 95.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 43.6 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 34 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 7.0 7.3 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 2.7 4.4 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 3.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 52.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 9.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 5.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 12.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.9 2.5 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.1 21.7 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.4 ­2.6 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 70.9 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 106.4 .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 88.5 .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.8 6.2 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.2 0.8 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 131.5 169.0 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 1.9 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.8 .. 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 86.0 86.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,014 4,799 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 65.2 126.8 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 16.4 40.1 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 171 Puerto Rico High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.8 3.9 1,056 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.5 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.1 10.9 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,560 .. 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.4 .. 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.9 .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 41.3 .. 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 38.3 .. 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.8 .. 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 75.2 .. 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 98.0 .. 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 35 Time to start a business (days) .. 7 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 0.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.8 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 64.7 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 20 19 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 163.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 94.0 95.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 24.3 85.7 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 10.5 25.4 65.7 172 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Qatar High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.62 0.84 1,056 Labor force (millions) 0.33 0.51 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.9 .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) .. 8.4 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.7 13.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.6 3.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 67.3 58.1 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.3 37.4 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 37 Time to start a business (days) .. 6 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 69.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.8 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 11.3 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 0 0 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.5 42.5 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. 9.9 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. 55.5 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. 38.3 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 26.8 41.6 163.2 Real interest rate (%) .. ­15.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. 3.0 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 90.0 .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 13,784 17,181 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 19.6 151.2 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.9 42.0 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 173 Romania Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 22.4 21.5 824 Labor force (millions) 11.6 9.7 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.1 6.4 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,690 6,390 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) ­2.1 6.1 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.5 9.0 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.4 36.1 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.5 22.0 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.1 55.0 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 45.7 4.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.2 2.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.9 31.3 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.5 43.7 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 47 Time to start a business (days) .. 10 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 8.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.3 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 48.0 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 25 16 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 5.2 11.9 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 2.3 6.7 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 8.5 1.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 37.7 27.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 13.3 23.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 27.8 23.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 19.6 16.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 1,901 4,461 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.8 5.7 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 29.4 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 25.9 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.0 ­2.4 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 11.7 29.5 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.4 26.6 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.6 7.3 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.3 9.7 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 7.2 35.8 45.5 Real interest rate (%) 6.7 2.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 20.7 6.6 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 49.5 30.2 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,988 2,402 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 11.1 106.2 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.6 23.9 26.6 174 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Russian Federation Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 146.3 142.1 824 Labor force (millions) 72.4 75.8 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.8 6.1 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,710 7,530 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 1.2 6.6 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.4 4.8 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.9 38.5 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.6 19.0 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.6 56.8 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 20.8 9.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 28.1 25.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.1 30.5 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.0 21.8 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 120 Time to start a business (days) .. 29 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.8 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 48.7 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 24 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 14.0 15.0 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 2.2 4.9 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 8.7 6.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 53.5 58.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 5.7 10.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 19.9 16.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 18.5 9.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 1,939 18,985 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.0 4.3 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.9 21.1 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.1 17.8 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 7.0 6.2 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 49.0 7.2 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.1 13.3 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 7.7 2.5 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 13.3 39.0 45.5 Real interest rate (%) ­9.6 ­3.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.9 4.9 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 67.4 80.9 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,209 6,122 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.2 114.9 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.0 21.1 26.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 175 Rwanda Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.2 9.7 1,296 Labor force (millions) 3.6 4.4 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 240 320 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 10.1 5.8 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 37.2 39.8 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.6 14.2 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.0 6.1 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.2 46.0 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.3 9.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 389.7 547.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 8.7 10.0 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.7 28.3 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 139 Time to start a business (days) .. 14 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 33.7 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 5.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 4.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 15.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 18.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 10.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 8 114 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.5 2.0 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 21.2 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.1 12.4 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 10.6 12.7 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 12.1 14.7 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.1 9.2 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 57.0 27.2 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 10.4 12.2 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 20.6 6.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 9.1 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 8.3 19.0 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 13.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.5 6.5 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 1.1 5.2 176 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Samoa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.17 0.18 3,435 Labor force (millions) 0.06 0.07 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.9 .. 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,390 2,700 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.3 3.9 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 16.8 11.6 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.0 27.5 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.8 13.2 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.2 60.9 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.0 5.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.3 2.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.8 27.0 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.2 48.2 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 64 Time to start a business (days) .. 35 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 9.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.5 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 18.9 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 10 .. 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) ­0.7 0.5 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 31.7 38.2 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 32.6 39.3 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 30.6 41.3 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 8.0 8.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.5 6.2 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 14.2 .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.4 47.4 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.6 4.4 12.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 177 San Marino High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) .. 0.03 1,056 Labor force (millions) .. .. 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 46,770 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) .. 3.9 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.3 5.4 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 16.5 51.1 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 133.1 .. 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 6.5 5.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.6 5.0 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. 57.2 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) .. 51.0 65.7 178 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development São Tomé and Principe Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.14 0.16 1,296 Labor force (millions) 0.04 0.05 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 16.7 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 870 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) .. 6.7 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 19.7 16.8 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.9 20.5 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.7 6.4 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 63.5 62.7 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 7,978.2 13,536.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 176 Time to start a business (days) .. 144 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 91.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 47.2 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 2 50 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.9 24.4 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.3 31.6 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 25.7 10.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 18.7 19.6 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 68.1 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 19.0 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.6 14.6 5.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 179 Saudi Arabia High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 20.7 24.2 1,056 Labor force (millions) 6.9 8.7 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.6 5.6 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 8,140 15,470 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 2.3 4.1 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.9 2.8 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 53.9 65.4 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.7 9.5 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 41.1 31.8 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­1.1 4.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.8 3.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.7 65.5 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.9 38.1 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 16 Time to start a business (days) .. 12 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 80.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 14.5 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 0 0 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) ­1.0 ­2.1 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.5 20.0 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 40.6 48.3 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 15.3 19.2 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.6 9.9 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 10.4 2.1 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 52.5 40.4 163.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 29.9 21.5 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,666 7,080 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.7 117.5 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.2 26.4 65.7 180 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Senegal Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.3 12.4 1,296 Labor force (millions) 4.3 5.3 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 490 830 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.4 4.5 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 19.1 14.1 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.2 23.4 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.7 14.4 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.6 62.5 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.7 5.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 479.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.9 23.8 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.2 44.0 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 149 Time to start a business (days) .. 8 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 38.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 46.0 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 6.3 2.3 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 2.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 18.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 19.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 9.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 6.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 79 567 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.3 0.7 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.4 32.5 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 19.9 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­0.9 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) 73.7 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 19.6 24.2 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.1 24.4 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.9 10.4 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 18.1 18.6 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 18.7 23.0 31.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 29.3 29.3 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 97 150 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 11.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.4 29.3 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.4 6.6 5.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 181 Serbia Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.5 7.4 824 Labor force (millions) .. 3.1 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 18.1 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,470 4,540 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 0.0 5.6 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 20.6 13.0 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.4 28.4 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 48.1 58.6 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 71.1 6.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 63.2 58.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.0 29.4 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.1 51.5 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 94 Time to start a business (days) .. 23 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 25.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.7 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 34.0 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 10 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. 13.0 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 1.6 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 10.9 8.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 42.5 61.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 8.4 16.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 0.0 16.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 9.4 11.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 345 495 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 7.8 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.3 20.9 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 9.5 16.2 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 18.3 17.1 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 21.6 3.8 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 47.5 34.2 45.5 Real interest rate (%) ­41.3 4.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 30.4 7.1 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 62.7 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,199 4,040 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 17.3 114.5 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 5.3 20.3 26.6 182 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Seychelles Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.08 0.09 824 Labor force (millions) .. .. 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.8 5.5 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,420 8,960 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 6.6 ­0.2 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.0 3.0 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.0 28.4 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.2 17.0 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.0 68.6 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.3 5.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.7 6.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 78.2 136.4 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 81.4 180.4 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 104 Time to start a business (days) .. 38 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 39.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 46.6 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 7 15 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.0 34.2 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.2 41.6 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.8 35.2 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­13.9 ­7.5 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 90.2 104.5 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 80.7 105.4 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 22.3 40.7 45.5 Real interest rate (%) 9.4 3.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 7.8 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 84.5 96.0 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 32.0 90.9 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 7.4 37.6 26.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 183 Sierra Leone Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.5 5.8 1,296 Labor force (millions) 1.7 2.2 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 3.4 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 140 260 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) ­5.0 11.2 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 58.4 44.7 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.4 24.4 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.5 3.7 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 13.3 30.9 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­0.8 11.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2,092.1 2,985.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.1 20.9 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.3 28.3 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 156 Time to start a business (days) .. 17 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 189.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.6 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 233.5 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 3 27 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.1 5.7 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 6.9 13.4 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 1.7 9.9 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­9.3 ­2.5 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 247.4 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 7.3 9.7 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 8.5 11.9 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 18.5 17.7 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 37.9 31.7 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 2.1 5.3 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 19.0 13.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.0 15.0 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 7.9 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.3 13.3 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 0.2 5.2 184 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Singapore High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.0 4.6 1,056 Labor force (millions) 2.1 2.4 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.0 4.0 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 22,970 32,340 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 5.7 5.8 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.1 0.1 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.6 31.1 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 27.7 25.5 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.3 68.8 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.4 2.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.7 1.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 191.5 230.9 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 176.4 202.0 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 1 Time to start a business (days) .. 4 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 0.8 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 27.9 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 26 20 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 10.0 19.4 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 2.8 7.5 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 17.8 15.0 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.6 24.9 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 22.5 17.1 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 11.4 12.5 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 86.9 86.7 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 117.0 110.5 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 109.8 111.1 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.0 9.3 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.4 1.8 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 109.5 99.9 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 2.0 1.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.1 4.8 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,575 8,520 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 68.2 129.1 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 32.3 65.7 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 185 Slovak Republic High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.4 5.4 1,056 Labor force (millions) 2.6 2.7 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 18.8 11.0 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,850 11,720 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.8 6.0 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.5 2.9 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.2 36.0 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 24.7 21.7 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.3 61.2 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 12.0 2.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 46.0 24.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 70.5 86.5 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 73.0 87.5 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 36 Time to start a business (days) .. 16 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 13.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 47.4 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 29 19 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.1 11.8 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.7 4.1 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 6.3 3.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 38.6 29.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 9.4 13.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 13.1 6.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 18.8 10.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 963 495 .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 10.1 4.5 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 26.1 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 23.8 22.1 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­1.8 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 31.3 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 81.1 52.4 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 54.3 48.1 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.6 10.6 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 13.7 2.5 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 51.1 42.4 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 5.0 6.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.4 4.3 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 87.0 87.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,956 5,136 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 23.1 112.4 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 9.4 55.9 65.7 186 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Slovenia High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.0 2.0 1,056 Labor force (millions) 0.97 1.0 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 4.6 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,090 21,510 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.4 4.3 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.3 2.4 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.8 34.4 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 25.8 23.4 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.9 63.3 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8.9 3.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.9 70.2 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.4 71.5 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 54 Time to start a business (days) .. 19 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 37.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 36.7 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 25 23 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 4.0 10.5 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.2 3.5 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 4.1 3.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 15.6 14.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 10.6 29.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 14.2 13.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 30.3 20.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.7 3.1 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.1 27.5 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 57.3 59.1 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­1.1 ­0.7 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 22.2 .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 43.6 70.0 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 41.2 51.9 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.1 8.4 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 6.5 2.5 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 35.9 79.0 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 9.9 1.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.7 2.3 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,778 7,124 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 61.1 95.6 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 15.1 52.6 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 187 Solomon Islands East Asia & Pacific Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.42 0.50 1,296 Labor force (millions) 0.17 0.20 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 31.9 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 690 750 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) ­1.9 4.1 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 30.8 33.5 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 10.2 8.7 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.2 3.8 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.0 57.8 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.9 7.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.1 7.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.1 48.7 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.1 41.2 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 89 Time to start a business (days) .. 57 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 44.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.0 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 36.3 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 5 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.4 10.9 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.7 35.3 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.1 17.2 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 23.5 .. 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 24.1 .. 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 22.2 36.1 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 3.5 7.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.0 13.4 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 2.4 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.3 2.2 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 1.7 5.2 188 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Somalia Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.1 8.7 1,296 Labor force (millions) 2.8 3.4 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) .. .. 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 1 1 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 31.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 11.8 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.1 6.9 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 1.1 5.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 189 South Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 44.0 47.9 824 Labor force (millions) 15.6 17.4 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 26.7 23.0 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,050 5,720 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 2.5 4.3 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.3 3.2 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.8 31.3 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.0 18.2 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.9 65.5 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5.3 7.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.9 7.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.9 31.6 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.9 34.7 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 32 Time to start a business (days) .. 22 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 24.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 34.2 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 28 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 5.8 7.5 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.1 1.4 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 9.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 3.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 24.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 15.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 42.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 1,891 1,217 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.7 2.0 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.1 20.6 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.4 17.9 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.0 1.7 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 45.3 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 70.7 81.3 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 50.1 59.8 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.7 7.9 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.1 1.4 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 133.7 164.3 45.5 Real interest rate (%) 5.2 3.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.3 4.0 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 20.3 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,417 4,810 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 2.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 19.0 88.4 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 5.5 8.3 26.6 190 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Spain High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 40.3 44.9 1,056 Labor force (millions) 18.3 22.0 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 13.9 8.3 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 15,420 29,290 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.2 3.4 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.4 2.9 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.2 30.3 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.6 16.0 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 66.4 66.8 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.4 2.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.0 26.2 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.2 32.7 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 49 Time to start a business (days) .. 47 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 56.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 60.2 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 33 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 7.8 6.0 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 4.2 5.3 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 0.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 14.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 32.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 10.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 21.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.7 4.2 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 31.1 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­0.5 2.6 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 58.9 35.4 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 105.6 .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 58.1 .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.5 7.0 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.2 0.7 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 97.7 182.7 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 1.7 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.2 .. 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 99.0 99.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,207 6,206 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 60.3 107.9 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 13.6 51.3 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 191 Sri Lanka South Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 18.7 20.0 3,435 Labor force (millions) 7.9 9.0 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.6 6.0 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 880 1,540 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 5.1 5.3 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 19.9 11.7 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.3 29.9 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.8 18.5 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.8 58.4 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.2 15.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 77.0 110.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.0 29.2 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.6 39.5 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 102 Time to start a business (days) .. 38 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 169.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.7 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 63.7 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 35 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.2 0.3 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 3.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 2.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 16.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 83.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 160 387 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.1 1.9 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.0 24.7 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 24.8 20.0 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­8.4 ­6.5 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) 96.9 85.0 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 32.1 38.6 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 31.1 32.3 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.4 6.7 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 15.3 9.6 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 28.8 33.3 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 8.3 2.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.0 8.0 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 85.8 81.0 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 298 400 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.3 39.9 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.6 3.9 12.4 192 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean St. Kitts and Nevis Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.04 0.05 824 Labor force (millions) .. .. 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,490 9,990 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.3 3.9 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.7 2.6 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.8 26.1 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.4 9.1 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.5 71.3 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.0 4.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.6 43.6 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 75.6 56.0 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 67 Time to start a business (days) .. 45 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 13.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 52.7 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 35 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 4 1 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 29.2 27.1 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 49.6 41.2 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 39.3 42.1 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­3.3 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. 94.6 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 117.3 140.0 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 108.6 138.6 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 76.6 71.6 45.5 Real interest rate (%) 5.7 6.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.8 4.7 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 42.5 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.7 21.3 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.1 30.7 26.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 193 St. Lucia Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.16 0.17 824 Labor force (millions) 0.07 0.08 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 16.5 21.0 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,910 5,520 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.0 3.7 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.5 4.0 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 18.2 20.8 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.0 6.2 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 75.3 75.2 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.6 2.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.2 55.2 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 67.7 69.5 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 34 Time to start a business (days) .. 20 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 56.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 34.0 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 33 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 15 19 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.2 26.6 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.6 29.8 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.7 18.4 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 84.4 119.9 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 70.8 93.0 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 83.3 116.8 45.5 Real interest rate (%) 5.5 6.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.3 7.0 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.6 64.1 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 5.1 65.5 26.6 194 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development St. Vincent & Grenadines Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.12 0.12 824 Labor force (millions) 0.05 0.06 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,740 4,210 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 5.7 4.4 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.8 8.1 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.0 24.7 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.0 5.7 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.2 67.2 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.2 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.6 42.6 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.9 67.4 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 66 Time to start a business (days) .. 12 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 54.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 42.6 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 35 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 11.3 16.6 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.4 32.1 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.3 27.8 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 76.8 73.9 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 85.7 69.8 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 65.5 59.7 45.5 Real interest rate (%) 12.5 4.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 6.8 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 68.0 70.0 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.0 91.8 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.0 47.4 26.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 195 Sudan Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 33.3 38.6 3,435 Labor force (millions) 10.0 11.9 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 330 950 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 6.2 7.1 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 41.7 28.3 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.5 30.7 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.6 6.1 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 36.8 41.0 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.9 8.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.6 2.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.3 20.1 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 17.7 23.9 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 147 Time to start a business (days) .. 39 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 118.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 31.6 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 12 599 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.2 5.2 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.1 20.3 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 9.7 13.0 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­0.4 .. ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) 8.7 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 2.1 13.3 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 5.3 14.3 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 2.2 12.6 74.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 36.3 .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 62 95 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.1 21.3 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 9.1 12.4 196 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Suriname Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.44 0.46 824 Labor force (millions) 0.15 0.17 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 13.2 .. 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,060 4,730 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 1.7 5.9 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 11.2 5.2 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.2 35.7 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.0 14.2 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 63.7 59.1 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 59.4 6.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.3 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.7 30.7 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.2 45.6 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 146 Time to start a business (days) .. 694 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 27.9 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 60 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) ­16.6 ­11.0 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.4 25.1 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 9.8 19.8 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 12.3 26.5 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.6 48.2 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.4 26.2 45.5 Real interest rate (%) ­16.7 13.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.5 7.3 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 26.0 26.3 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 9.4 70.3 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.7 9.6 26.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 197 Swaziland Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.0 1.1 3,435 Labor force (millions) 0.41 0.46 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 22.5 .. 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,600 2,560 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.3 2.6 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.5 7.3 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 45.0 49.4 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 39.5 44.4 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 42.6 43.3 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 12.2 5.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.9 7.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 76.1 79.9 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 90.1 81.2 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 108 Time to start a business (days) .. 61 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 53.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 36.6 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 4.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 3.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 7.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 16.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 22.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 5 4 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.1 1.3 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.4 13.0 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.5 12.9 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­2.8 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 13.2 22.6 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 19.6 19.5 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 22.9 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. 4.0 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 12.8 25.4 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 13.8 3.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.5 6.1 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 30.0 .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 2.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 3.2 33.1 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.0 3.7 12.4 198 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sweden High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.9 9.1 1,056 Labor force (millions) 4.6 4.9 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.8 6.1 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 29,280 47,870 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.4 3.0 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.0 1.5 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.6 28.8 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.4 69.7 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.9 2.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 9.2 6.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.6 52.4 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.3 44.8 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 17 Time to start a business (days) .. 15 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 3 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 54.5 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 28 28 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 7.5 8.6 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 3.6 4.7 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.0 2.7 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.6 18.9 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.5 .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 60.7 47.4 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 46.4 124.5 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 0.1 49.3 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.5 4.0 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.6 0.5 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 42.6 123.7 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 4.3 2.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.7 2.5 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 77.5 58.2 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 15,687 15,231 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 71.8 113.4 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 45.6 79.7 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 199 Switzerland High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.2 7.6 1,056 Labor force (millions) 4.0 4.2 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.7 3.6 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 40,280 60,820 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 2.0 1.8 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.6 1.2 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.3 27.5 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 71.1 71.2 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.5 0.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.7 1.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.5 52.5 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.7 44.9 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 21 Time to start a business (days) .. 20 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 13.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 28.9 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 45 9 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 12.7 11.3 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 3.3 3.6 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.9 11.7 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.7 21.3 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.2 0.6 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 25.6 25.4 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 172.9 179.8 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 129.4 134.7 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.0 4.9 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 4.1 0.3 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 158.5 177.6 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 3.1 1.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 1.3 1.0 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,847 8,360 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 64.6 108.7 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 47.9 76.3 65.7 200 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Syrian Arab Republic Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 16.5 19.9 3,435 Labor force (millions) 4.8 6.4 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.3 10.3 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 960 1,780 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 2.2 4.5 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 23.8 18.1 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.9 35.0 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.5 11.7 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 38.3 46.9 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­3.8 3.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 11.2 11.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.4 41.4 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.6 40.5 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 137 Time to start a business (days) .. 17 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 80.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.1 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 43.5 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 9.2 9.5 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 10.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 68.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 2.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 61.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 7.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 161 59 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.4 1.8 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.3 23.3 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 6.3 12.8 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 33.6 32.1 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 32.6 40.1 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.3 16.2 74.7 Real interest rate (%) ­0.6 6.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.0 1.8 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,058 1,466 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 31.3 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 17.4 12.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 201 Tajikistan Europe & Central Asia Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.2 6.7 1,296 Labor force (millions) 1.8 2.6 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 160 460 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 1.1 8.8 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 27.4 21.4 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 38.9 27.5 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 33.7 20.0 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 33.7 51.0 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 38.6 13.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.1 3.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 98.8 20.7 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 100.9 66.4 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 159 Time to start a business (days) .. 49 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 22.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 85.5 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.1 0.2 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 5.6 11.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 82.4 33.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 2.3 21.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 12.7 28.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.1 16.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 9 11 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.7 9.7 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 9.5 21.1 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 2.8 7.0 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­0.8 ­6.6 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 114.1 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 11.9 19.5 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 2.8 7.4 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 13.8 28.9 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 2.4 ­3.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 24.3 14.4 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,177 2,241 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 8.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 34.9 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 7.2 5.2 202 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Tanzania Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 33.8 40.4 1,296 Labor force (millions) 16.7 19.9 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.1 4.7 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 260 410 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.9 6.7 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 45.0 45.3 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.7 17.4 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.5 6.9 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.2 37.3 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5.9 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 800.4 1,245.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.8 21.9 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.2 27.8 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 127 Time to start a business (days) .. 29 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 12 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 18.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 45.1 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. 6.6 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.2 0.2 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 4.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 14.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 6.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 44.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 14.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 61 436 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.1 4.0 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.4 16.6 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.4 9.9 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.6 15.5 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 13.1 9.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 14.2 7.3 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 4.2 8.6 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 58 59 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 12.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.3 20.6 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 1.0 5.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 203 Thailand East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 60.7 63.8 3,435 Labor force (millions) 34.2 36.6 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.4 1.2 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,010 3,400 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) ­0.7 5.3 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.0 11.4 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 42.0 43.9 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 33.6 34.8 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.0 44.7 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.6 2.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 40.1 34.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 66.8 73.3 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 58.1 65.7 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 13 Time to start a business (days) .. 33 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 54.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.7 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 37.8 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.2 8.5 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.4 0.6 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 0.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 74.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 27.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 39.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 1,377 1,050 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.7 3.9 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.0 26.8 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.8 19.9 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. 0.1 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 26.2 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 131.6 101.6 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 103.3 91.8 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.5 9.5 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 17.7 7.9 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 108.3 92.4 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 6.4 3.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.5 4.2 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 98.5 .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,503 2,080 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 1.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.0 123.9 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.8 21.0 12.4 204 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Timor-LesteLower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.78 1.1 3,435 Labor force (millions) 0.27 0.41 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 350 1,510 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) .. 0.9 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 25.8 .. 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 18.5 .. 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.8 .. 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.7 .. 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. 10.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 180.1 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 170 Time to start a business (days) .. 83 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 28.3 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.8 .. 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 7.7 .. 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 2.2 25.4 74.7 Real interest rate (%) .. 2.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. 14.3 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. 7.4 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) .. 0.1 12.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 205 Togo Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.4 6.6 1,296 Labor force (millions) 2.1 2.6 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 270 360 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.2 2.6 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 34.2 43.7 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.8 24.0 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.4 10.1 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 47.9 32.4 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.9 1.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 479.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.7 41.9 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50.7 62.5 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 163 Time to start a business (days) .. 53 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 36.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 48.2 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 68 590 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.2 2.8 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.8 22.3 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.8 19.5 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­0.8 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 17.0 21.5 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.8 23.9 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 15.6 21.3 31.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 31.6 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 87 97 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.9 18.1 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.9 5.0 5.2 206 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Tonga Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.10 0.10 3,435 Labor force (millions) 0.04 0.04 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 5.2 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,640 2,480 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 1.7 1.2 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 28.0 27.5 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.2 12.6 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.1 2.5 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.8 59.9 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.3 5.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.8 2.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.9 16.3 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.8 60.6 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 43 Time to start a business (days) .. 25 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 0.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.7 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 27.5 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 7 10 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.0 10.8 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 16.1 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 55.1 58.9 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 40.3 45.9 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 62.1 65.1 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 9.8 5.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 5.4 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 27.0 .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 45.5 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.4 8.2 12.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 207 Trinidad and Tobago High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.3 1.3 1,056 Labor force (millions) 0.59 0.69 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.1 6.5 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,170 14,480 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 5.0 8.8 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.4 0.4 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 49.5 59.1 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.3 5.7 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.1 40.5 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.6 7.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.3 6.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.1 57.6 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.5 37.1 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 80 Time to start a business (days) .. 43 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 67.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 33.1 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 120 229 .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.3 8.3 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.0 13.4 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.3 19.2 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.0 1.8 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 35.4 32.7 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 48.1 39.4 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 43.5 33.8 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 3.2 7.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.3 5.9 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 51.1 .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,891 5,006 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.4 113.3 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 7.7 16.0 65.7 208 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Middle East & North Africa Tunisia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.6 10.2 3,435 Labor force (millions) 3.2 3.7 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 15.7 14.2 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,090 3,210 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 5.5 4.8 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.3 10.3 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.6 29.6 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.2 17.2 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.1 60.0 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.9 3.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.4 1.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.5 54.1 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.2 56.5 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 73 Time to start a business (days) .. 11 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.3 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 59.1 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 12.9 10.5 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.9 1.0 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 261 916 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.9 4.6 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.0 23.6 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.7 12.3 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.7 ­2.2 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) 62.6 50.9 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 57.8 63.9 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 45.3 49.7 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.5 7.7 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 21.6 17.3 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 66.3 64.3 74.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 68.4 65.8 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 991 1,221 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.2 76.7 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.7 16.8 12.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 209 Turkey Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 67.4 73.9 824 Labor force (millions) 23.7 24.2 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.5 9.9 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,930 8,030 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.5 5.9 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 11.3 8.7 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.5 28.3 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.5 19.2 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.2 63.0 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 54.9 8.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.6 1.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.1 22.0 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.1 27.1 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 59 Time to start a business (days) .. 6 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 95.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.3 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 45.5 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 20 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 9.4 12.3 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.6 1.9 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 3.8 10.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 43.7 4.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 6.0 7.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 4.6 7.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 7.6 12.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 8,215 4,678 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.4 3.4 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.4 21.6 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.7 18.2 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. 1.4 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. 43.8 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 32.6 45.6 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 28.5 37.4 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.1 13.0 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 9.2 3.6 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 18.4 29.1 45.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 34.0 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,550 2,053 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 5.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 23.9 83.9 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.7 16.5 26.6 210 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Turkmenistan Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.5 5.0 3,435 Labor force (millions) 1.9 2.2 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 650 .. 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.0 .. 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 24.4 19.6 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 44.4 40.1 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.6 21.7 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 31.2 40.3 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5,200.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 95.5 62.7 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 80.9 47.8 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 20 32 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.5 6.2 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 34.7 22.9 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 2.0 .. 74.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 81.2 .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,698 2,123 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 7.0 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 1.4 12.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 211 Uganda Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 24.7 30.9 1,296 Labor force (millions) 10.7 13.5 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 3.2 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 260 370 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 6.4 7.1 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 29.6 24.0 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.9 25.9 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.8 7.7 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 47.5 50.0 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.8 6.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,644.5 1,723.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 10.6 16.9 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.5 30.9 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 111 Time to start a business (days) .. 25 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 18 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 13.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.2 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 34.5 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. 10.0 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.4 0.7 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 5.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 14.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 7.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 33.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 15.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 57 1,311 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.6 4.1 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.2 22.1 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.2 17.1 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­1.9 ­1.9 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 42.9 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 9.7 13.9 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 10.7 13.7 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.8 10.3 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 9.8 4.1 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 6.2 10.6 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 13.3 11.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.1 9.8 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 23.0 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 11.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.5 13.6 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 2.5 5.2 212 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Ukraine Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 49.2 46.5 3,435 Labor force (millions) 23.0 23.3 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.6 6.8 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 700 2,560 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) ­1.9 7.6 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 17.1 7.6 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.3 37.2 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.2 23.4 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 46.6 55.3 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 28.2 12.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.4 5.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.4 45.3 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.4 50.9 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 145 Time to start a business (days) .. 27 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 13.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.9 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 58.4 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.0 7.9 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.9 1.3 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 10.4 11.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 54.6 28.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 4.5 32.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 36.8 47.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.1 13.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 206 1,346 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.9 7.0 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.7 27.4 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.3 24.2 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­0.6 ­0.6 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) 45.3 12.4 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 10.7 46.5 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 9.3 31.2 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 16.2 12.5 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 29.6 13.2 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 11.2 58.8 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 15.0 ­6.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 27.8 5.8 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 96.7 97.4 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,778 3,400 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 2.4 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.7 118.8 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.7 21.5 12.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 213 United Arab Emirates High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.2 4.4 1,056 Labor force (millions) 1.9 2.7 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.3 3.1 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 19,270 26,270 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 5.1 7.7 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.5 2.0 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 55.7 58.8 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.5 12.3 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.8 39.1 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.7 3.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 73.3 91.4 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55.3 67.7 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 46 Time to start a business (days) .. 17 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 84.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.1 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 14.4 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 20 0 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.1 20.2 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 9.5 10.3 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.1 .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.9 12.6 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 12.7 6.3 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 46.2 64.3 163.2 Real interest rate (%) ­9.9 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.5 .. 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 11,885 14,567 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 44.0 177.1 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 23.6 51.8 65.7 214 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development United Kingdom High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 58.9 61.0 1,056 Labor force (millions) 29.7 31.4 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.5 5.2 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 25,480 40,660 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 3.2 2.6 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.0 0.9 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.0 23.1 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.8 13.5 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.9 76.0 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.9 4.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.7 0.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.9 25.9 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.9 29.5 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 6 Time to start a business (days) .. 13 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 22.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 35.3 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 14.9 17.7 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 5.8 11.0 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.4 7.1 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.4 18.2 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.7 ­2.7 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 48.5 48.4 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 120.5 173.7 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.5 8.9 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.5 0.9 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 131.7 190.0 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 4.6 2.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.7 .. 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,115 6,185 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 73.8 118.0 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 26.8 71.7 65.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 215 United States High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 282.2 301.6 1,056 Labor force (millions) 147.8 156.6 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.0 4.6 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 34,410 46,040 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.2 2.6 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.2 1.1 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.2 22.4 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.0 13.9 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 74.6 76.5 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.4 2.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 11.2 11.2 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.1 17.0 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 3 Time to start a business (days) .. 6 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 0.0 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 42.3 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 35 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. 13.1 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 3.4 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.3 1.7 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.9 19.3 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.5 ­2.1 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 33.0 47.3 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 55.9 65.8 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 63.7 73.9 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.5 10.3 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.1 1.4 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 170.7 210.1 163.2 Real interest rate (%) 6.9 5.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 58.8 65.3 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 13,669 13,564 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 38.8 84.7 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 43.9 73.5 65.7 216 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Uruguay Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.3 3.3 824 Labor force (millions) 1.6 1.6 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 13.6 9.2 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,220 6,390 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 2.2 3.3 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.2 10.1 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.2 32.0 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.9 22.8 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 66.6 57.9 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.8 8.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 12.1 23.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.3 29.2 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.0 29.9 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 109 Time to start a business (days) .. 44 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 31.0 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.1 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 58.5 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 7.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 0.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 6.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 38.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 6.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 681 31 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.3 3.8 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.2 13.9 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 9.9 11.4 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­3.4 ­1.6 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 45.8 59.3 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 54.7 27.9 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 44.0 36.2 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.2 10.5 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 12.4 1.1 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 51.2 23.7 45.5 Real interest rate (%) 40.5 0.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 27.8 6.6 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,990 2,042 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 0.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.4 90.4 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 10.6 29.1 26.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 217 Uzbekistan Europe & Central Asia Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 24.7 26.9 1,296 Labor force (millions) 9.4 11.8 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 630 730 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 4.1 6.2 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 34.4 23.3 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.1 31.1 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.4 12.2 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 42.5 45.6 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 236.6 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.6 40.3 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.5 30.2 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 138 Time to start a business (days) .. 15 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 22.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 90.6 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 26 10 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 11.4 18.2 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.2 0.6 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 5.9 11.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 50.0 52.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 1.2 8.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 21.0 28.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.7 1.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 26 272 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.5 1.2 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.0 19.4 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.5 16.3 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 31.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 87.3 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,780 1,694 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 6.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 21.9 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 4.5 5.2 218 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Vanuatu Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.19 0.23 3,435 Labor force (millions) 0.09 0.12 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.6 .. 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,250 1,840 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 2.2 2.8 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.6 14.7 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 9.3 8.6 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.4 3.2 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 75.1 76.7 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.5 4.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 137.6 102.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.6 44.1 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.4 57.8 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 60 Time to start a business (days) .. 39 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 56.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.6 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 8.4 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 6 .. 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.3 7.6 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.3 22.7 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­0.8 .. ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) 29.2 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 35.1 50.0 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 8.6 12.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.6 6.8 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 23.9 .. 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 11.5 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.1 7.5 12.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 219 Venezuela, RB Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 24.3 27.5 824 Labor force (millions) 10.0 12.7 378 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 13.2 7.5 8.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,100 7,550 7,107 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 0.6 4.6 4.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.2 4.0 5.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 49.7 57.8 33.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.8 16.4 18.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 46.1 38.2 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 16.2 18.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.7 2.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.7 31.0 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.1 24.7 28.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 174 Time to start a business (days) .. 141 53 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 16 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. ..a 37.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 56.6 45.8 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 34 34 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 33.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 2.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 35.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 25.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 12.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 774 592 71,663 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.0 0.3 3.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.0 23.7 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­1.2 2.2 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 11.9 22.0 53.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 15.0 24.2 41.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.0 8.3 9.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 6.6 1.2 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 12.5 23.6 45.5 Real interest rate (%) ­3.3 2.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.9 6.4 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 33.6 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,654 3,174 3,242 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 3.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 22.4 86.7 84.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.4 20.8 26.6 a. Laws ban dismissing workers on economic grounds. 220 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Vietnam Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 77.6 85.2 1,296 Labor force (millions) 38.0 44.4 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.3 2.1 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 390 770 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 6.7 7.8 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 24.5 20.3 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.7 41.6 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.6 21.4 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 38.7 38.1 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­1.7 8.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 14,167.8 16,105.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55.0 76.8 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.5 90.2 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 92 Time to start a business (days) .. 50 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 87.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.0 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 40.1 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 32 28 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 3.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 78.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 29.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 12.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 11.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 150 1,332 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.2 9.8 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.6 37.1 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 32.0 84.0 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 7.4 14.9 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 35.3 93.3 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 6.9 2.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 3.7 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 25.1 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 295 598 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.0 27.9 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.3 21.0 5.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 221 Virgin Islands (U.S.) High income High- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.11 0.11 1,056 Labor force (millions) 0.05 0.05 516 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 37,572 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) .. .. 2.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 21 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 35.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 40.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 44.0 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 163.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 4.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,675 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 32.2 73.9 100.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 13.8 27.7 65.7 222 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development West Bank and Gaza Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.9 3.7 3,435 Labor force (millions) 0.61 0.83 1,662 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 14.1 21.6 5.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,600 1,290 1,905 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 7.4 ­0.9 8.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 41.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 46.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.0 3.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.0 14.0 37.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 71.2 68.2 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 131 Time to start a business (days) .. 49 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 91.0 52.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 16.8 42.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 5.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 2.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 4.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 37.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 18.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 237 23 67,651 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 32.7 25.7 33.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 13.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 81.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 46.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 5.5 7.5 74.7 Real interest rate (%) 10.5 2.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 4.8 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 39.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,269 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 3.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.0 27.7 38.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.2 9.6 12.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 223 Yemen, Rep. Middle East & North Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 18.2 22.4 1,296 Labor force (millions) 4.1 5.4 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.5 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 400 870 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 5.6 4.0 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.3 14.3 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 46.5 40.3 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.2 4.7 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 43.2 45.4 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.6 10.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 161.7 199.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.3 38.0 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.6 41.4 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 98 Time to start a business (days) .. 13 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 47.8 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 20 21 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.1 4.1 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.6 23.1 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.2 13.4 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.3 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 8.6 12.0 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.4 18.7 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 5.0 7.9 31.2 Real interest rate (%) ­4.9 2.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.5 5.0 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 15.5 8.7 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 136 190 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 13.7 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 1.4 5.2 224 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Zambia Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.5 11.9 1,296 Labor force (millions) 4.0 4.6 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.9 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 300 770 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 2.2 5.1 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.3 21.6 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.3 38.2 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.4 11.4 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.4 40.2 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 26.0 10.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3,110.8 4,002.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.1 42.3 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.5 35.8 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 100 Time to start a business (days) .. 18 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 178.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.7 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 16.1 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 35 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.5 0.9 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 13.0 4.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 5.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 17.4 10.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 142.4 93.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 5.8 17.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 27 141 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.8 8.7 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.0 24.3 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 6.0 18.1 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.8 ­0.8 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 176.2 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 12.4 16.2 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 16.3 18.0 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 23.6 10.8 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.6 12.0 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 6.7 8.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 18.6 9.7 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 22.0 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 595 730 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. 4.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.9 22.1 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 4.2 5.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 225 Zimbabwe Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2007 2007 Economic and social context Population (millions) 12.7 13.4 1,296 Labor force (millions) 5.3 5.7 543 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.0 4.2 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 450 340 574 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­07 (average annual %) 0.7 ­5.7 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 18.5 19.1 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.0 23.9 29.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.8 13.5 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 56.5 57.0 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 55.9 24,411.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.0 9,675.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.9 56.8 32.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.2 73.0 38.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­181; 1 = best) .. 158 Time to start a business (days) .. 96 49 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 446.0 63.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.3 3.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 63.7 68.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 8 20 17,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 3.0 4.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.8 21.0 23.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.1 19.5 14.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­5.2 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) 58.1 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 24.3 15.9 32.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 28.3 18.4 24.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.4 12.1 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 19.6 23.2 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 24.5 26.6 31.2 Real interest rate (%) 7.7 ­0.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 18.0 457.5 10.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 19.0 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 843 900 309 Power outages (number in typical month) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.1 9.1 21.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.4 10.1 5.2 226 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Glossary Agriculture value added is the net output of agriculture (International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 1­5, including forestry and fish- ing) after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Bank capital to asset ratio is the ratio of bank capital and reserves to total assets. Capital and reserves include funds contributed by owners, retained earnings, general and special reserves, provisions, and valuation adjustments. Capital includes tier 1 capital (paid-up shares and common stock), which is a common feature in all countries' banking systems, and total regulatory capital, which includes several specified types of subordinated debt instru- ments that need not be repaid if the funds are required to maintain minimum capital levels (these comprise tier 2 and tier 3 capital). Total assets include all nonfinancial and financial assets. (International Monetary Fund) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio is the value of non- performing loans divided by the total value of the loan portfolio (including nonperforming loans before the deduction of specific loan loss provisions). The loan amount recorded as nonperforming should be the gross value of the loan as recorded on the balance sheet, not just the amount that is overdue. (International Monetary Fund) Business entry rate is the number of firms newly registered in 2007 or the most recent year available as a percentage of total registered firms. Total firms registered includes all limited liability corporations. (World Bank Group Entrepreneurship Survey) Closing a business is the number of years from the time of filing for insolvency in court until resolution of distressed assets. Data listed for 2007 are as of June 2008. (World Bank) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection is the average wait, in days, to obtain an electrical connection from the day an establishment applies for it to the day it receives the service. (World Bank) Deposit money banks' assets are claims on the domestic real nonfinancial sector by deposit money banks. (International Monetary Fund) Domestic credit to the private sector is financial resources provided to the private sector--such as through loans, purchases of nonequity securities, and trade credits and other accounts receivable--that establish a claim for repayment. For some countries these claims include credit to public enterprises. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 227 Glossary Ease of doing business index ranks economies from 1 to 181, with 1 being the best. A high ranking means that a country's regulatory environment is conducive to business operation. The index ranks the simple average of a country's percentile rankings on 10 areas covered in Doing Business 2009. The ranking on each area is the simple average of the percentile rankings on its component indicators. Data listed for 2007 are as of June 2008. (World Bank) Electric power consumption is the production of power plants and combined heat and power plants minus transmission, distribution, and transforma- tion losses and own use by heat and power plants. (International Energy Agency) Exchange rate is the exchange rate determined by national authorities or the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated in local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar as an annual average based on monthly averages. (International Monetary Fund) Exports of goods and services are the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of mer- chandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Firing cost is the cost of advance notice requirements, severance payments, and penalties due when terminating a redundant worker, expressed in weekly wages. One month is recorded as 4 1/3 weeks. Data listed for 2007 are as of June 2008. (World Bank) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials are the percentage of firms that report that a gift or informal payment is expected or requested during a meeting with tax officials. (World Bank) Firms using banks to finance investments are the percentage of firms using banks to finance purchases of fixed assets. (World Bank) GDP growth is the annual percentage growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated 228 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development without deducting for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method, is gross national income (GNI) converted to U.S. dollars using the World Bank Atlas method, divided by the midyear population. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes minus any subsidies not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, the World Bank Atlas method is used; it averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country and the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. (World Bank) Government cash surplus or deficit is revenue (including grants) minus expense and net acquisition of nonfinancial assets. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Government debt is the entire stock of direct government fixed-term con- tractual obligations to others outstanding on a particular date. It includes domestic and foreign liabilities such as loans, currency and money deposits, and securities other than shares. It is the gross amount of government liabilities reduced by the amount of equity and financial derivatives held by the government. Because debt is a stock rather than a flow, it is measured as of a given date, usually the last day of the fiscal year. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Gross fixed capital formation includes land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial build- ings. According to the 1993 System of National Accounts, net acquisition of valuables is also considered capital formation. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Gross fixed private capital formation is gross outlays by the private sector (including private nonprofit organizations) on additions to its fixed domes- tic assets. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 229 Glossary Highest marginal tax rate, corporate, is the highest rate shown on the national-level schedule of tax rates applied to the annual taxable income of corporations. (PricewaterhouseCoopers) Imports of goods and services are the value of all goods and other market services received from the rest of the world. They include the value of mer- chandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Industry value added is the net output of industry (International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 10­45, including mining, manufacturing, construction, electricity, water, and gas) after totaling outputs and sub- tracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Inflation is the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used. (International Monetary Fund) Interest rate spread is the interest rate charged by banks on loans to prime customers minus the interest rate paid by commercial or similar banks for demand, time, or savings deposits. (International Monetary Fund) Internet users are people with access to the worldwide network per 100 people. (International Telecommunication Union) Investment in infrastructure with private participation is the value of infra- structure projects in telecommunications, energy (electricity and natural gas transmission and distribution), transport, and water and sanitation that have reached financial closure and directly or indirectly serve the public, includ- ing operation and management contracts with major capital expenditure, greenfield projects (in which a private entity or public-private joint venture builds and operates a new facility), and divestitures. Incinerators, movable assets, standalone solid waste projects, and small projects such as windmills are excluded. (World Bank) ISO certification ownership is the percentage of firms that have earned a quality certification recognized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (World Bank) 230 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Labor force is all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period, according to the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part- time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers and excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector. (International Labour Organization and World Bank) Manufacturing value added is the net output of industries belonging to International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 15­37 after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Mobile cellular subscriptions are the number of subscriptions--including postpaid and prepaid subscriptions--to a public mobile telephone service using cellular technology that provides access to the public switched telephone network. It is calculated per 100 people. (International Telecommunication Union) New business density is the number of newly registered corporations divided by the total working-age population. Paved roads are roads surfaced with concrete, cobblestones, or crushed stone (macadam) and hydrocarbon binder or bituminized agents. (International Road Federation) Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally con- sidered part of the population of their country of origin. Data are midyear estimates. (World Bank) Power outages are the average number of power outages that establish- ments experience in a typical month. (World Bank) Private foreign direct investment, net, is net inflows of private investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital, as shown in the balance of payments. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 231 Glossary Procedures to start a business are the number of procedures required to start a business, including interactions to obtain necessary permits and licenses and to complete all inscriptions, verifications, and notifications to start operations. Data are for businesses with specific characteristics of ownership, size, and type of production. Data listed for 2007 are as of June 2008. (World Bank) Real interest rate is the lending interest rate adjusted for inflation as mea- sured by the GDP deflator. (International Monetary Fund and World Bank) Services value added is the net output of services (International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 50­99) after totaling outputs and sub- tracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Time dealing with government officials is the percentage of management time in a given week spent on requirements imposed by government regula- tions (taxes, customs, labor regulations, licensing, and registration). (World Bank) Time to start a business is the number of calendar days needed to complete the required procedures for legally operating a business. If a procedure can be expedited at additional cost, the fastest procedure, independent of cost, is chosen. Data listed for 2007 are as of June 2008. (World Bank) Total financial system deposits are the demand, time, and saving depos- its in deposit money banks and other financial institutions. (International Monetary Fund) Total tax rate is the total amount of taxes payable by a business (except for labor taxes) after accounting for deductions and exemptions as a percentage of profit. For further details on the method used for assessing the total tax payable, see the World Bank's Doing Business 2009. Data listed for 2007 are as of June 2008. (World Bank) Unemployment rate is the share of the labor force without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country. (International Labour Organization) 232 2009 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 1818 H Street N.W. ISBN 978-0-8213-7854-0 Washington, D.C. 20433 USA Telephone: 202 473 1000 Fax: 202 477 6391 Web site: www.worldbank.org SKU 17854 Email: feedback@worldbank.org AFGHANISTAN ALBANIA ALGERIA AMERICAN SAMOA ANDORRA ANGOLA ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA ARGENTINA ARMENIA ARUBA AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA AZERBAIJAN THE BAHAMAS BAHRAIN BANGLADESH BARBADOS BELARUS BELGIUM BELIZE BENIN BERMUDA BHUTAN BOLIVIA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BOTSWANA BRAZIL BRUNEI DARUSSALAM BULGARIA BURKINA FASO BURUNDI CAMBODIA CAMEROON CANADA CAPE VERDE CAYMAN ISLANDS CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CHAD CHANNEL ISLANDS CHILE CHINA COLOMBIA COMOROS DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO REPUBLIC OF CONGO COSTA RICA CÔTE D'IVOIRE CROATIA CUBA CYPRUS CZECH REPUBLIC DENMARK DJIBOUTI DOMINICA DOMINICAN REPUBLIC ECUADOR ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT EL SALVADOR EQUATORIAL GUINEA ERITREA ESTONIA ETHIOPIA FAEROE ISLANDS FIJI FINLAND FRANCE FRENCH POLYNESIA GABON THE GAMBIA GEORGIA GERMANY GHANA GREECE GREENLAND GRENADA GUAM GUATEMALA GUINEA GUINEA-BISSAU GUYANA HAITI HONDURAS HONG KONG, CHINA HUNGARY ICELAND INDIA INDONESIA ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN IRAQ IRELAND ISLE OF MAN ISRAEL ITALY JAMAICA JAPAN JORDAN KAZAKHSTAN KENYA KIRIBATI DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF KOREA REPUBLIC OF KOREA KUWAIT KYRGYZ REPUBLIC LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC LATVIA LEBANON LESOTHO LIBERIA LIBYA LIECHTENSTEIN LITHUANIA LUXEMBOURG MACAO, CHINA FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA MADAGASCAR MALAWI MALAYSIA MALDIVES MALI MALTA MARSHALL ISLANDS MAURITANIA MAURITIUS MAYOTTE MEXICO FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA MOLDOVA MONACO MONGOLIA MONTENEGRO MOROCCO MOZAMBIQUE MYANMAR NAMIBIA NEPAL NETHERLANDS NETHERLANDS ANTILLES NEW CALEDONIA NEW ZEALAND NICARAGUA NIGER NIGERIA NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS NORWAY OMAN PAKISTAN PALAU PANAMA PAPUA NEW GUINEA PARAGUAY PERU PHILIPPINES POLAND PORTUGAL PUERTO RICO QATAR ROMANIA RUSSIAN FEDERATION RWANDA SAMOA SAN MARINO SÃO TOMÉ AND PRINCIPE SAUDI ARABIA SENEGAL SERBIA SEYCHELLES SIERRA LEONE SINGAPORE SLOVAK REPUBLIC SLOVENIA SOLOMON ISLANDS SOMALIA SOUTH AFRICA SPAIN SRI LANKA ST. KITTS AND NEVIS ST. LUCIA ST. VINCENT & GRENADINES SUDAN SURINAME SWAZILAND SWEDEN SWITZERLAND SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC TAJIKISTAN TANZANIA THAILAND TIMOR-LESTE TOGO TONGA TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO TUNISIA TURKEY TURKMENISTAN UGANDA UKRAINE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES URUGUAY UZBEKISTAN VANUATU REPÚBLICA BOLIVIARANA DE VENEZUELA VIETNAM U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS WEST BANK AND GAZA REPUBLIC OF YEMEN ZAMBIA ZIMBABWE