Global Poverty Monitoring Technical Note 37 April 2024 Update to the Global Database of Shared Prosperity What’s New Carlos Sabatino Carolina Diaz-Bonilla Danielle Aron Cameron Haddad Minh Cong Nguyen Haoyu Wu June 2024 Keywords: Global Database of Shared Prosperity; April 2024. Development Data Group Development Research Group Poverty and Equity Global Practice Group GLOBAL POVERTY MONITORING TECHNICAL NOTE 37 Abstract This note introduces the 13th edition of the Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP). Shared prosperity is the growth in per capita household income or consumption of the poorest 40 percent of the population. This edition of the GDSP revises figures released in November 2024 with the latest data available for 88 economies for circa 2016-2021, including data on fourteen new countries. This note describes the GDSP, documents the available data, and highlights the main differences with the 12th edition. All authors are with the World Bank Group. Corresponding author: Carolina Diaz-Bonilla (cdiazbonilla@worldbank.org). This work could not have been completed without the contributions from the Data for Goals (D4G), regional, and country teams. Regional: Diana Sanchez Castro, Elizabeth Foster, Ifeanyi Nzegwu Edochie, Jose Montes, Laura Moreno Herrera, Reno Dewina, Rose Mungai, Sergio Olivieri, Veronica Montalva Talledo, and Zurab Sajaia. Additional D4G: Gabriel Lara and Daniel Gerszon Mahler. This note has been cleared by Benu Bidani. The Global Poverty Monitoring Technical Note Series publishes short papers that document methodological aspects of the World Bank’s global poverty estimates. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. Global Poverty Monitoring Technical Notes are available at https://pip.worldbank.org/publication. Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 2 1.1. What is Shared Prosperity? ............................................................................................. 2 2. The 13th edition of the GDSP: What’s New ........................................................................... 2 2.1. Data source...................................................................................................................... 2 2.2. Coverage ......................................................................................................................... 3 2.3. Shared Prosperity Spells in the 13th edition of the GDSP.............................................. 6 3. References ............................................................................................................................... 8 4. Annex ...................................................................................................................................... 9 1 1. Introduction 1.1. What is Shared Prosperity? Shared prosperity is a key indicator that measures the annualized growth rate of mean household per capita income or consumption of the poorest 40 percent of the population, commonly referred to as the “bottom 40 percent”. It is indicator 10.1.1 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The indicator “…seeks to increase sensitivity to distributional issues, shifting the common understanding of development progress away from average per capita income and emphasizing that good growth should benefit the least well-off in society” (World Bank, 2014). Because this indicator monitors the growth in average incomes of the bottom 40 percent of the income distribution, it is relevant even in higher income countries where extreme poverty is lower. The Global Database of Shared Prosperity presents the latest figures for this indicator.1 The April 2024 update of the Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP) is the 13th edition since 2014. This update covers shared prosperity data for 88 economies circa 2016-2021, compared to 80 economies in the 12th edition released in November 2023 (see Sabatino and Diaz- Bonilla, 2023). Fourteen new countries were added to the database and six were removed for lacking survey data within the selected circa period.2 As in the past GDSP edition, shared prosperity data is no longer available for India due to survey revisions that broke the comparability between surveys required to estimate shared prosperity. 2. The 13th edition of the GDSP: What’s New 2.1. Data source The economies included in the GDSP3 are based on the availability of household surveys in the World Bank’s Global Monitoring Database as of April 2024.4 Monitoring shared prosperity is 1 The GDSP is updated in line with the updates to the World Bank’s international poverty estimates. A major update to the GDSP happens around March/April of every year with a possibility of an update in Fall in some years. 2 The new countries included are Albania, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Chad, Guinea -Bissau, Jamaica, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Togo, Tunisia, Zambia. The countries removed in this edition are Armenia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Mongolia, Pakistan, United Arab Emirates, and Seychelles. 3 The term country, used interchangeably with economy, does not imply political independence but refers to any territory for which authorities report separate social or economic statistics. 4 The Global Monitoring Database (GMD) is the World Bank’s repository of multitopic income and expenditure household surveys used to monitor global poverty and shared prosperity. The household survey data are typically 2 more challenging than monitoring global poverty. While a single household survey is needed to calculate poverty, shared prosperity is a measure of changes in consumption (or income) between two periods, meaning it requires at least two comparable surveys to calculate the indicator. In contrast to the 169 countries that have an international poverty estimate in the World Bank’s Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP), fewer countries have a shared prosperity estimate due to aforementioned data requirements. Economies are included in the GDSP if they meet the following criteria: • Two relevant household surveys have been conducted and yielded comparable data. • Among comparable surveys, one must have been conducted within two years of 2016, and the other within two years of 2021 (specific to the current GDSP version). • The period between the selected initial and final years should be between three and seven years. • When multiple surveys meet these conditions the most recent survey years are used. 2.2. Coverage The 13th edition of the GDSP reports the income growth for the bottom 40 percent of the population in 88 economies circa 2016–2021, presenting shared prosperity data for 4.3 billion people, around 56 percent of the world’s population in 2021. This is lower than the 74 percent coverage achieved in the 11th edition and is due to revised poverty estimates for India which produced breaks in comparability with earlier surveys. (See Section 3 of Aron et al. (2023) for a more detailed description of these revisions). Table 1 below shows GDSP coverage by edition. collected by national statistical offices in each country, and then compiled, processed, and harmonized. The process is coordinated by the Data for Goals (D4G) team and supported by the six regional statistics teams in the Poverty and Equity Global Practice. The Global Poverty & Inequality Data Team (GPID) in the Development Economics Data Group (DECDG) also contributes historical data from before 1990 and recent survey data from the Luxemburg Income Study (LIS). Selected variables have been harmonized to the extent possible such that levels and trends in poverty and other key sociodemographic attributes can be reasonably compared across and within countries over time. The GMD’s harmonized microdata are currently used in the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP), the World Bank’s Multidimensional Poverty Measure (MPM), the Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP), and Poverty and Shared Prosperity Reports. Additional information on the latest country data can be found in Castaneda et al. (2024). 3 Table 1. Country coverage across editions of the GDSP, by region Release Number of Economies Edition Circa date EAP ECA LAC MNA OHI SAR SSA Total 1 AM2014 2006-2011 4 23 15 4 0 6 14 66 2 AM2015 2007-2012 5 24 15 4 18 6 14 86 3 AM2016 2008-2013 6 25 16 2 18 4 9 80 4 AM2017 2009-2014 7 27 16 5 19 4 15 93 5 SM2018 2010-2015 6 27 16 4 19 3 13 88 6 AM2018 2010-2015 6 26 16 3 18 4 12 85 7 SM2020 2012-2017 9 26 16 4 21 4 13 93 8 SM2021 2013-2018 7 25 14 4 21 4 15 90 9 SM2022 2014-2019 9 26 14 3 24 3 9 88 10 AM2022 2014-2019 8 26 14 2 23 2 5 80 11 SM2023 2015-2020 8 24 15 2 23 2 4 78 12 AM2023 2015-2020 8 24 15 2 23 2 6 80 13 SM2024 2016-2021 6 24 16 3 22 1 16 88 Source: World Bank compilation based on data of GDSP (Global Database of Shared Prosperity), World Bank, Washington, DC, 2024 http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/global-database-of-shared-prosperity Note: AM=Annual meetings in October; SM=Spring meetings in April. EAP = East Asia and Pacific; ECA = Europe and Central Asia; LAC = Latin America and Caribbean; MNA = Middle East and North Africa; OHI=Other High- Income countries; SAR = South Asia; SSA = Sub-Saharan Africa. The 13th edition of the GDSP covers around 90 percent of the population in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) and East Asia and Pacific (EAP) regions, and 88 percent of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), data is available for 50 percent of the population. With the addition of eleven new countries from Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), this region’s coverage is now 30% percent, double the coverage achieved in the 12th edition.5 Since there is only one country represented for South Asia (SAR), Sri Lanka, and neither India nor Pakistan have comparable or recent enough surveys to calculate shared prosperity, the database now only covers 1 percent of the SAR region, compared to as much as 87 percent in the 9th edition. See Table 2 for a detailed breakdown of coverage. 5 The new SSA countries are Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Togo, and Zambia. 4 Table 2. Data coverage, Global Database of Shared Prosperity 13th edition, circa 2016–2021 Population, Millions Number of economies Country group Economies All Economies All Economies Economies with a poverty economies with a poverty economies with SP with SP rate rate East Asia & Pacific 2,123.7 2,081.0 2,002.6 26 20 6 Eastern Europe and 496.4 496.2 437.8 31 30 24 Central Asia Latin America and 650.6 638.3 571.6 31 25 16 the Caribbean Middle East and 422.6 411.3 209.4 14 12 3 North Africa South Asia 1,901.9 1,861.8 22.2 8 7 1 Sub-Saharan Africa 1,181.2 1,142.8 332.0 48 45 16 Rest of the world 1,112.0 1,043.6 821.6 60 30 22 Fragile and conflict- 956.0 916.5 164.4 39 33 7 affected IDA and blend 1,778.0 1,684.4 349.1 74 67 18 Low income 718.3 612.0 217.1 27 24 11 Lower middle 3,398.3 3365.7 910.9 55 46 17 income Upper middle income 2,503.1 2483.2 2,315.3 55 52 24 High income 1,268.7 1194.6 954.0 80 24 36 Total 7,888.4 7,675.1 4,397.4 218 169 88 Sources: 13th edition of the Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP); Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP); https://pip.worldbank.org/; World Development Indicators (WDI); http://data.worldbank.org/products/wdi. Note: Population data are from 2021. The list of IDA countries and economies in fragile and conflict-affected situations is from fiscal year (FY) 2024. Number of economies with poverty rate counts economies that reported poverty estimates in 2012 or later. SP = shared prosperity indicator. This latest edition significantly increases the number of low income and fragile and conflict- affected economies (FCS), from 3 to 7 and 12 to 18, respectively. However, monitoring shared prosperity in the world’s poorest countries remains a challenge. Developed economies generally maintain stable survey coverage but low-income, small island states, and countries in fragile and conflict situations often lack frequent enough surveys to calculate shared prosperity. Of the 82 economies classified as low and lower middle-income economies by the World Bank, just over half (53) had sufficient data to calculate shared prosperity since monitoring began in 2014, with 28 countries represented in this most recent edition. 5 2.3. Shared Prosperity Spells in the 13th edition of the GDSP The period for measuring shared prosperity varies by country based on survey availability. Therefore, cross-country comparisons should be approached with caution. In this edition of the GDSP, 47 economies have more current surveys to calculate shared prosperity.6 Overall, survey availability is most consistent and up-to-date in Europe and Central Asia (ECA), Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), and the rest of the world (OHI). Figure 1 illustrates the range of periods covered for shared prosperity circa 2016-2021. Figure 1. Periods of measurement for shared prosperity, circa 2016-2021 Source: 13th edition of Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP). World Bank, Washington, DC, 2024. EAP = East Asia and Pacific; ECA = Europe and Central Asia; LAC = Latin America and Caribbean; MNA = Middle East and North Africa; OHI=Other High-Income countries; SAR = South Asia; SSA = Sub-Saharan Africa. http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/global-database-of-shared-prosperity. 6 Countries with more recent data and updated survey periods are listed in Table A.2 in the Annex 6 To explore this data further, shared prosperity data is available for the 88 countries in this edition on the shared prosperity dashboard, along with historical data for previous editions (Figure 2). Figure 2. Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP) Dashboard 7 3. References Aron, Danielle Victoria; R. Andres Castaneda Aguilar; Diaz-Bonilla, Carolina; Maria Gabriela, Farfan Bertran; Foster, Elizabeth Mary; Fujs, Tony Henri Mathias Jany; Jolliffe, Dean Mitchell; Krishnan, Nandini; Lakner, Christoph; Lara Ibarra, Gabriel; Mahler, Daniel Gerszon. 2023. "September 2023 Update to the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP): What's New," Global Poverty Monitoring Technical Note Series, no. 32 (September), World Bank. https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents- reports/documentdetail/099624209142386941/idu0ac16be61074040439f08b4203f3b4e24 fd10 Castaneda Aguilar R. Andres; Castillo, Adriana; Devpura, Nancy P.; Dewina, Reno; Diaz-Bonilla, Carolina; Edochie, Ifeanyi; Farfan Bertran, Maria G.; Fernandez Romero, Jaime; Foster, Elizabeth; Fujs, Tony H.M.J.; Gonzalez Icaza, Maria F.; Jolliffe, Dean; Knippenberg, Erwin W.; Krishnan, Nandini; Lakner, Christoph; Lara Ibarra, Gabriel; Lestani, Diego G.; Mahler, Daniel G.; Montalva Talledo, Veronica S.; Montes, Jose; Moreno Herrera, Laura; Nguyen, Minh C.; Olivieri, Sergio; Paffhausen, Anna Luisa; Redaelli, Silvia; Saavedra, Trinidad B.; Sanchez Castro, Diana M.; Tetteh-Baah, Samuel K.; Viveros Mendoza, Martha C.; Wu, Haoyu; Yonzan, Nishant; Yoshida, Nobuo. 2024. “March 2024 Update to the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP): What’s New.” Global Poverty Monitoring Technical Note; No. 36. World Bank Group. Washington, D.C. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099839303252425642/IDU1d671646616eef1 4bb31a2ba103042c40ae3c Sabatino, Carlos; Diaz-Bonilla, Carolina. 2023. November 2023 Update to the Global Database of Shared Prosperity: What’s New. Global Poverty Monitoring Technical Note; No. 29. World Bank, Washington, DC. World Bank. https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents- reports/documentdetail/099003012152333700/idu01a391f5e00da10462a09b790420bdc1 5c077 World Bank. 2014. A measured approach to ending poverty and boosting shared prosperity: Concepts, data, and the twin goals. Page. 10. https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/publication/a-measured-approach-to-ending- poverty-and-boosting-shared-prosperity 8 4. Annex The mean of the bottom 40 percent within each country refers to the average household per capita consumption or income among this segment of the population. The choice of income or consumption depends on the data available for each economy, and in most cases is consistent with the welfare aggregate used to measure poverty. For China, shared prosperity is estimated by the World Bank’s Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) using grouped data. Because grouped data are provided separately for urban and rural populations, the national bottom 40 must be estimated. PIP uses a parametric Lorenz curve fitted on grouped data, an adjustment for differences in price levels between urban and rural areas, and urban-rural population shares from the WDI. Because shared prosperity is estimated using grouped data, it is approximate and may differ from using official microdata. For the countries that use EU-SILC data and household income per capita as the welfare aggregate (in Europe and Central Asia, and Rest of the world), the estimates for shared prosperity include negative incomes. The global poverty measures reported in PIP exclude observations with negative income. The GDSP includes a range of indicators (see Table A.1 below). For example, it includes the means of the bottom 40 percent in the two time periods, from which shared prosperity, the annualized growth rate of the bottom 40 percent of the population, can be calculated using the following formula: 1 402 2 − 1 ℎ (ℎ40) = ( ) −1 401 The annualized growth rates of the median and total population can be computed using similar formulas. 9 Table A.1. Indicators in the GDSP Variable Definition sequence Sequence of the data release round Release round of the data (For example, AM2023 refers to the 2021 Annual Meetings). circayear Each round of the GDSP has a benchmark or circa period, but often the survey years do not match this benchmark period exactly. region Region code ISO three-digit country code countryname Country name period Shared Prosperity period welftype Welfare type (household income or consumption) growthb40 Shared Prosperity: Annualized growth in mean consumption or income per capita of bottom 40 percent population growthm50 Annualized growth in median consumption or income per capita of all population growthtotal Annualized growth in mean consumption or income per capita of all population meanb401 Mean consumption or income per capita of bottom 40 percent population for initial year ($ a day/PPP) median1 Median consumption or income per capita of all population for initial year ($ a day/PPP) meantotal1 Mean consumption or income per capita of all population for baseline year ($ a day/PPP) meanb402 Mean consumption or income per capita of bottom 40 percent population for most recent year ($ a day/PPP) median2 Median consumption or income per capita of all population for most recent year ($ a day/PPP) meantotal2 Mean consumption or income per capita of all population for most recent year ($ a day/PPP) surveyt1 Survey year (initial year) surveyt2 Survey year (most recent year) 10 Table A.2. Countries with Updated Shared Prosperity Spells in the 13th edition of the GDSP Country 12th Edition 13th Edition Argentina 2016-2021 2017-2022 Austria 2015-2020 2016-2021 Belgium 2015-2020 2016-2021 Bulgaria 2015-2020 2016-2021 Chile 2015-2020 2017-2022 Croatia 2015-2020 2016-2021 Czech Republic 2015-2020 2016-2021 Denmark 2015-2020 2016-2021 Estonia 2015-2020 2016-2021 Finland 2015-2020 2016-2021 France 2015-2020 2016-2021 Germany 2014-2019 2015-2019 Greece 2015-2020 2016-2021 Hungary 2015-2020 2016-2021 Indonesia 2017-2022 2018-2023 Israel 2013-2018 2016-2021 Italy 2015-2020 2016-2021 Kazakhstan 2013-2018 2016-2021 Latvia 2015-2020 2016-2021 Lithuania 2015-2020 2016-2021 Luxembourg 2015-2020 2016-2021 Malaysia 2015-2018 2015-2021 Netherlands 2015-2020 2016-2021 Panama 2016-2021 2018-2023 Poland 2014-2019 2016-2021 Portugal 2015-2020 2016-2021 Romania 2015-2020 2016-2021 Serbia 2015-2020 2016-2021 Slovak Republic 2014-2019 2016-2021 Slovenia 2015-2020 2016-2021 Socialist Republic of Viet Nam 2016-2020 2016-2022 Spain 2015-2020 2016-2021 Sweden 2015-2020 2016-2021 Switzerland 2013-2018 2015-2020 Thailand 2016-2021 2017-2021 Turkey 2014-2019 2017-2021 11 Table A.3. Historical Shared Prosperity Spells, Editions 3-13 of the GDSP Region Economy Code Edition #5 Edition #6 Edition #7 Edition #8 Edition #9 Edition #10 Edition #11 Edition #12 Edition #13 East Asia and Pacific Fiji FJI 2008-2013 2008-2013 2008-2013 East Asia and Pacific Lao PRD LAO 2007-2012 2012-2018 2012-2018 2012-2018 2012-2018 East Asia and Pacific Mongolia MNG 2010-2014 2011-2016 2010-2016 2011-2018 2011-2018 2014-2018 2014-2019 2016-2018 Taiwan, East Asia and Pacific TWN 2013-2016 China East Asia and Pacific China CHN 2008-2012 2008-2012 2013-2015 2013-2016 2013-2016 2014-2019 2015-2020 2015-2020 2015-2020 East Asia and Pacific Indonesia IDN 2011-2014 2011-2014 2015-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2015-2019 2016-2021 2017-2022 2018-2023 East Asia and Pacific Malaysia MYS 2011-2015 2011-2015 2011-2015 2016-2021 2015-2018 2015-2021 East Asia and Pacific Philippines PHL 2009-2015 2009-2015 2009-2015 2012-2015 2015-2018 2015-2018 2014-2018 2015-2021 2015-2021 East Asia and Pacific Thailand THA 2009-2013 2009-2013 2010-2015 2014-2018 2015-2019 2014-2019 2013-2018 2016-2021 2017-2021 East Asia and Pacific Viet Nam VNM 2010-2014 2010-2014 2010-2016 2012-2018 2014-2018 2014-2018 2015-2020 2016-2020 2016-2022 Europe and Central Asia Armenia ARM 2010-2015 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2013-2018 2013-2018 2017-2022 2013-2018 Europe and Central Asia Kosovo XKX 2012-2015 2012-2015 2012-2015 2012-2017 2012-2017 2012-2017 Europe and Central Asia Tajikistan TJK 2009-2015 2009-2015 2009-2015 Europe and Central Asia Albania ALB 2008-2012 2008-2012 2014-2017 2014-2017 2014-2017 2018-2020 Europe and Central Asia Belarus BLR 2011-2016 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2014-2019 2015-2021 2015-2020 2015-2020 Europe and Central Asia Bulgaria BGR 2009-2014 2009-2014 2009-2014 2015-2018 2015-2019 2015-2020 2015-2020 2016-2021 Europe and Central Asia Croatia HRV 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 2015-2020 2016-2021 Czech Europe and Central Asia CZE 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 2013-2018 2015-2020 2016-2021 Republic Europe and Central Asia Estonia EST 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 2013-2018 2015-2020 2016-2021 Europe and Central Asia Georgia GEO 2011-2016 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 2015-2020 2016-2021 2016-2021 Europe and Central Asia Hungary HUN 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 2015-2020 2016-2021 Europe and Central Asia Kazakhstan KAZ 2010-2015 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2013-2018 2017-2021 2013-2018 2016-2021 Kyrgyz Europe and Central Asia KGZ 2010-2015 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 2016-2021 2015-2020 2016-2021 Republic Europe and Central Asia Latvia LVA 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 2014-2019 2015-2020 2016-2021 Europe and Central Asia Lithuania LTU 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 2016-2020 2015-2020 2016-2021 12 Europe and Central Asia Moldova MDA 2010-2015 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2019 2016-2021 2016-2021 Europe and Central Asia Montenegro MNE 2009-2014 2009-2014 2009-2014 2012-2015 2012-2016 2013-2018 2015-2019 2013-2018 2016-2021 North Europe and Central Asia MKD 2009-2014 2009-2014 2009-2014 2012-2017 2013-2018 2013-2018 2013-2018 2014-2019 2014-2019 Macedonia Europe and Central Asia Poland POL 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2013-2018 2015-2020 2014-2019 2016-2021 Europe and Central Asia Romania ROU 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 2013-2018 2015-2020 2016-2021 Russian Europe and Central Asia RUS 2010-2015 2010-2015 2010-2015 2013-2018 2013-2018 2015-2020 2013-2018 2015-2020 2015-2020 Federation Europe and Central Asia Serbia SRB 2012-2014 2012-2015 2012-2015 2013-2017 2013-2017 2013-2017 2015-2020 2015-2020 2016-2021 Slovak Europe and Central Asia SVK 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 2014-2019 2016-2021 Republic Europe and Central Asia Slovenia SVN 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 2015-2020 2016-2021 Europe and Central Asia Turkiye TUR 2009-2014 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2014-2019 2015-2020 2014-2019 2017-2021 Europe and Central Asia Ukraine UKR 2010-2015 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 2015-2020 2015-2020 2015-2020 Latin America and the Nicaragua NIC 2009-2014 2009-2014 2009-2014 Caribbean Latin America and the Jamaica JAM 2018-2021 Caribbean Latin America and the Argentina ARG 2009-2014 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2016-2020 2014-2019 2016-2021 2017-2022 Caribbean Latin America and the Bolivia BOL 2009-2014 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 2016-2020 2016-2021 2016-2021 Caribbean Latin America and the Brazil BRA 2009-2015 2011-2015 2011-2015 2013-2018 2014-2019 2014-2019 2013-2018 2016-2021 2017-2022 Caribbean Latin America and the Chile CHL 2009-2015 2009-2015 2009-2015 2013-2017 2013-2017 2015-2020 2015-2020 2015-2020 2017-2022 Caribbean Latin America and the Colombia COL 2010-2015 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 2016-2021 2016-2021 2015-2020 Caribbean Latin America and the Costa Rica CRI 2010-2015 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 2015-2020 2017-2022 2017-2022 Caribbean Latin America and the Dominican DOM 2010-2015 2011-2016 2011-2016 2011-2016 2011-2016 2015-2020 2017-2021 2017-2022 Caribbean Republic Latin America and the Ecuador ECU 2010-2015 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 2015-2020 2017-2022 2017-2022 Caribbean Latin America and the El Salvador SLV 2010-2015 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2014-2019 2014-2019 2017-2022 2017-2022 Caribbean Latin America and the Honduras HND 2010-2015 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2014-2019 2014-2019 2014-2019 2014-2019 Caribbean 13 Latin America and the Mexico MEX 2010-2014 2010-2014 2010-2014 2016-2020 2014-2019 2016-2020 2016-2022 Caribbean Latin America and the Panama PAN 2010-2015 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2014-2019 2013-2018 2016-2021 2018-2023 Caribbean Latin America and the Paraguay PRY 2009-2015 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 2016-2019 2017-2022 2017-2022 Caribbean Latin America and the Peru PER 2009-2014 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 2013-2018 2016-2021 2017-2022 Caribbean Latin America and the Uruguay URY 2009-2014 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2014-2019 2015-2020 2014-2019 2014-2019 Caribbean Middle East and North Iraq IRQ 2006-2012 Africa Middle East and North Jordan JOR 2008-2010 2008-2010 Africa Middle East and North West Bank PSE 2009-2011 2009-2011 2011-2016 2011-2016 2011-2016 Africa and Gaza Middle East and North Egypt, Arab EGY 2010-2012 2010-2012 2010-2012 2012-2017 2012-2017 2012-2017 2016-2021 2015-2019 2015-2019 Africa Republic of Middle East and North Iran, Islamic IRN 2009-2014 2009-2014 2009-2014 2014-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 2016-2021 2014-2019 2017-2022 Africa Republic of Middle East and North Tunisia TUN 2010-2015 2015-2021 Africa Rest of the World Iceland ISL 2009-2014 2009-2014 2009-2014 2010-2015 2012-2017 2012-2017 Rest of the World Korea, Rep. KOR 2012-2016 United Arab Rest of the World ARE 2013-2018 2013-2018 2015-2020 2015-2020 Emirates Rest of the World Australia AUS 2016-2018 2014-2018 2014-2018 Rest of the World Austria AUT 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2018 2015-2020 2016-2021 Rest of the World Belgium BEL 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 2014-2019 2015-2020 2016-2021 Rest of the World Canada CAN 2010-2013 2012-2017 2012-2017 2015-2020 2014-2019 2014-2019 Rest of the World Cyprus CYP 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 2015-2020 2016-2021 Rest of the World Denmark DNK 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 2015-2020 2016-2021 Rest of the World Finland FIN 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 2014-2019 2015-2020 2016-2021 Rest of the World France FRA 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2013-2018 2015-2020 2015-2020 2016-2021 Rest of the World Germany DEU 2007-2011 2007-2011 2010-2015 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2014-2019 2015-2019 Rest of the World Greece GRC 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 2015-2020 2016-2021 Rest of the World Ireland IRL 2009-2014 2009-2014 2010-2015 2011-2016 2012-2017 2013-2018 2015-2020 2015-2020 2016-2021 14 Rest of the World Israel ISR 2010-2016 2012-2016 2013-2018 2016-2021 2013-2018 2016-2021 Rest of the World Italy ITA 2009-2014 2009-2014 2010-2015 2012-2017 2012-2017 2013-2018 2016-2021 2015-2020 2016-2021 Rest of the World Luxembourg LUX 2009-2014 2009-2014 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 2016-2021 2015-2020 2016-2021 Rest of the World Malta MLT 2009-2014 2009-2014 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 2016-2021 2016-2021 2015-2020 Rest of the World Netherlands NLD 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 2016-2019 2016-2019 2016-2021 Rest of the World Norway NOR 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 2015-2020 2014-2019 Rest of the World Portugal PRT 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 2015-2020 2016-2021 Rest of the World Spain ESP 2008-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 2015-2020 2016-2021 Rest of the World Sweden SWE 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 2015-2020 2016-2021 Rest of the World Switzerland CHE 2008-2013 2009-2014 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2013-2018 2015-2020 2015-2020 2015-2020 United Rest of the World GBR 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2011-2016 2012-2017 2012-2017 2014-2019 2014-2019 2016-2021 Kingdom Rest of the World United States USA 2007-2013 2010-2016 2010-2016 2010-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 2015-2020 2016-2021 South Asia Bangladesh BGD 2010-2016 2010-2016 2010-2016 2010-2016 South Asia Bhutan BTN 2007-2012 2012-2017 2012-2017 2012-2017 2012-2017 South Asia India IND 2015-2019 2016-2021 2016-2021 South Asia Nepal NPL South Asia Pakistan PAK 2007-2013 2007-2013 2010-2015 2010-2015 2013-2018 2013-2018 2016-2019 2016-2019 South Asia Sri Lanka LKA 2009-2012 2012-2016 2012-2016 2012-2016 2012-2016 2015-2020 2015-2020 2016-2019 Sub-Saharan Africa Botswana BWA 2009-2015 Congo, Sub-Saharan Africa Democratic COD Republic of Congo, Sub-Saharan Africa COG Republic of Sub-Saharan Africa Eswatini SWZ 2009-2016 Sub-Saharan Africa Ethiopia ETH 2010-2015 2010-2015 2010-2015 Sub-Saharan Africa Ghana GHA 2012-2016 2012-2016 2015-2020 Sub-Saharan Africa Guinea GIN 2007-2012 Sub-Saharan Africa Madagascar MDG 2010-2012 2010-2012 Sub-Saharan Africa Mauritius MUS 2006-2012 2012-2017 2012-2017 2012-2017 Sub-Saharan Africa Namibia NAM 2009-2015 2009-2015 15 Sub-Saharan Africa Nigeria NGA Sub-Saharan Africa Rwanda RWA 2010-2013 2010-2013 2010-2013 2013-2016 2013-2016 Sub-Saharan Africa Seychelles SYC 2013-2018 2013-2018 2013-2018 Sub-Saharan Africa Sierra Leone SLE 2011-2018 2011-2018 2014-2019 Sub-Saharan Africa South Africa ZAF 2010-2014 2010-2014 2010-2014 Sub-Saharan Africa Tanzania TZA 2007-2011 2011-2018 2011-2018 2011-2017 Sub-Saharan Africa Zimbabwe ZWE 2011-2017 2011-2017 Guinea- Sub-Saharan Africa GNB 2018-2021 Bissau Sub-Saharan Africa Kenya KEN 2015-2021 Sub-Saharan Africa Chad TCD 2018-2022 Sub-Saharan Africa Benin BEN 2011-2015 2011-2015 2011-2015 2018-2021 Sub-Saharan Africa Burkina Faso BFA 2009-2014 2009-2014 2009-2014 2018-2021 Sub-Saharan Africa Cote d'Ivoire CIV 2008-2015 2008-2015 2008-2015 2018-2021 Sub-Saharan Africa Gambia GMB 2010-2015 2015-2020 2015-2020 Sub-Saharan Africa Malawi MWI 2010-2016 2010-2016 2016-2019 2016-2021 2016-2019 Sub-Saharan Africa Mali MLI 2016-2021 2018-2021 Sub-Saharan Africa Mauritania MRT 2008-2014 2008-2014 2008-2014 2014-2019 Sub-Saharan Africa Mozambique MOZ 2008-2014 2008-2014 2014-2019 Sub-Saharan Africa Niger NER 2007-2014 2011-2014 2018-2021 Sub-Saharan Africa Senegal SEN 2018-2021 Sub-Saharan Africa Togo TGO 2011-2015 2011-2015 2011-2015 2011-2015 2018-2021 Sub-Saharan Africa Uganda UGA 2009-2012 2009-2012 2012-2016 2012-2016 2012-2016 2016-2019 2015-2020 2015-2020 Sub-Saharan Africa Zambia ZMB 2010-2015 2010-2015 2010-2015 2010-2015 2015-2020 2015-2022 16