MAPPING IMPACT IN SENEGAL: Country-Level Impact of Adaptive Social Protection Programs in the Sahel EVIDENCE FROM THE REGION In the Sahel, Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) is a set of social protection policies, instruments and programs that promote human capital, productivity, and resilience of the poorest and strengthen their capacity to prepare for, cope with, and adapt to shocks. Through the delivery of regular social safety nets, economic inclusion interventions, and shock-responsive programs, ASP has demonstrated strong positive impacts on various dimensions in the Sahel. For the poorest and most vulnerable, it has resulted in improvements in household welfare and food security, productivity, and resilience. More broadly, it has shown positive impacts on the economy, society, and future generations. 1 1 Infographic on Impacts of Adaptive Social Protection in the Sahel – Evidence from rigorous impact evaluations of social safety nets, productive inclusion, shock response and other social protection program. More details on: www.worldbank.org/saspp MORE DETAILED EVIDENCE FROM SENEGAL Box 1. National Programs For more than 10 years, the Senegalese government has been implementing an ambitious, large-scale National Social Safety Net Program (PNBSF) social protection policy for the poor and Quarterly FCFA 35,000 over a period of 5 years to build resilience and support consumption. vulnerable. The National Safety Transfers are targeted to 355,000 poor and extreme poor households plus accompanying Program, Programme National de measures on human capital, shock preparedness, and financial inclusion at a national level. Bourse de Sécurite Familiale (PNBSF), is one of the flagship programs of this policy, with 18% of households in Yokk Koom Koom Agricultural Resilience Senegal covered, aiming of to combat Program (YKK) Program (PRA) extreme poverty and social exclusion. An 18-month economic inclusion program Provided to 35,000 poor farmer’s Other funded social programs are delivered to 60,00 PNBSF-covered households households since the beginning of the implemented in addition to the PNBSF across 14 regions since 2019. The package program to strengthen their agricultural to enable poor and vulnerable builds on the PNBSF protection to provide a productivity. It includes coaching on households to strengthen the productive grant of 150,000 FCFA (5% annual agricultural best practices and a 200,000 total consumption), life skills & FCFA grant (5% of annual total productive capacities of participants entrepreneurship training and savings groups, consumption for rural households). and prevent the loss of livelihoods and to promote the development of Income assets in the event of climate shocks generating activities. (box 1).2 Food Insecurity Flooding Emergency Response Program Response Program This note presents the results of the An emergency transfer of 120,000 FCFA (5% On time emergency transfer between impact evaluations of the PNBSF and of annual total consumption for food insecure 100,000 and 200,000 FCFA (depending on the Yokk Koom Koom (YKK) economic households) to poor and food insecure damage, 3-6% of annual total consumption households (identified by the Cadre for registered households) to 55,000 flood- inclusion program. These evaluations Harmonisé). About 28,000 food insecure affected households since 2020, prioritizing are based on rigorous, scientific studies the poor. households were supported since 2020. using rich data, the results of which have guided and continue to inform major decisions on social protection policies. NATIONAL IMPACT EVALUATION FOR THE PNBSF (2016-2019)3,4 #1 | The results show that The total per capita consumption of beneficiary households increased by 8% thanks to the program. 89% of the transfer received by the household was directly translated into the PNBSF has improved the an increase in consumption, both food and non-food. Food expenditure accounts for standard of living of two-thirds of the impact of the PNBSF on consumption. beneficiaries. #2 | The PNBSF has made it The beneficiaries are households living in extreme poverty, and transfers received have not lifted most of them out of poverty. However, the program has reduced extreme possible to reduce extreme poverty in rural areas by 5% and helps to reduce inequalities. The program has poverty in rural areas and is reduced the distance separating poor households from the poverty line by 10%. helping to reduce inequalities. 2 Thanks to cross cutting tools including a social registry covering poor and vulnerable households, a decentralized delivery network and a timely payment system for both regular programs and productive and shock response programs. Click here to know more about the project. 3 Branders, N., Gueye, A. S., & Ndiaye, F. (2022, September). Profils des ménages les plus pauvres du Sénégal répertoriés dans le Registre National Unique (RNU). Banque Mondiale, Protection Sociale et Travail ; Direction du Registre National Unique, Délégation Générale à la Protection Sociale et à la Solidarité Nationale (DGPSN). 4 WB, Délégation Générale à la Protection Sociale et à la Solidarité Nationale (2022) Rapport d’évaluation d’impact du programme national de bourses de sécurité familiale, #3 | The PNBSF has helped The proportion of protein-rich food increased by 8%, the index of durable goods to improve several dimensions ownership rose by 11%, and the proportion of households negatively affected by a of household well-being, such shock fell by 8%. These impacts are better overall in secondary cities and when the as nutrition and resilience to recipient of the grant is a woman. In addition to increasing consumption, the PNBSF shocks. can have a lasting impact on the well-being of beneficiary households and increase their resilience. #4 | The PNBSF has had a The program includes awareness-raising sessions on school enrolment, civil registration, and the importance of vaccination. The results show that the PNBSF has had no impact positive impact on school on the vaccination of children ages 1 to 5, or on their civil registry enrolment. However, enrolment, particularly where the program has led to an increase in the enrolment of girls ages 6 to 12 and a the recipient of the grant is a reduction in absenteeism among boys ages 13 to 16. The results on enrolment are woman but has not had a better when the recipient is a woman. In fact, the program had a negative impact on positive impact on the the enrolment of 13–16-year-olds when the recipient was a man, compared with a vaccination of children ages 1 positive impact on the enrolment of 13–16-year-old girls and a neutral impact on the to 5 and the registration of enrolment of boys when the recipient was a woman. children with the civil registry. #5 | | The PNBSF has had a The PNBSF has increased the proportion of households with an income-generating strong impact on the economic activity (IGA) by 20% and increased the number of IGAs by 30%. Contrary to popular activities of beneficiaries and belief, most empirical studies show that cash transfers do not encourage recipients to has facilitated access to reduce their working hours. In the same vein, the PNBSF has not reduced either the microcredit institutions, working hours or the income from work of beneficiaries. Furthermore, the PNBSF has especially for women increased the financial inclusion of women recipients, with better access to microcredit recipients. institutions and greater ease of obtaining loans in case of need. SHORT- AND MEDIUM-TERM IMPACT EVALUATIONS FOR THE YKK PROGRAMME (2021-2023) Two impact evaluations were conducted: 18 months post-grant (short-term) and 36 #6 | The program has led to months post-program (medium-term). Participants increased the number of IGAs by an increase in the number of income-generating activities 24% in the short term and 10% in the medium term. The impact on the undertaken by beneficiaries performance and profitability of these IGAs has clearly strengthened over time. In and in the income derived the short term, participants' revenues increased by 15%, and this rise reached 25% from these IGAs. in the medium term. In the short term, the program did not show impacts on profits, probably because the IGAs were in the investment phase. However, 36 months after the grant, profits rose by 23%; a significant annual increase of FCFA 112,000. These impacts underline the effectiveness of YKK measures in developing entrepreneurial activities. #7 | The YKK had a positive While the impact on salaried employment was low after 18 months, it rose impact on wage income in the significantly after 36 months, with an increase of 23%. The increase in wage medium term, 3 years after income 36 months after the end of the program shows that beneficiaries have been the end of the program. able not only to develop their own economic activities, but also to access other opportunities in their region. #8 | Strong impacts on The program led to a significant increase in household savings, which rose by 124% savings are detected in the after 18 months and by 92% after 36 months. Not only did total savings increase, short and medium term. but the total annual amounts borrowed and lent by savings groups also increased, reflecting more dynamic participation and more practical use of funds by group members. © 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. 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