World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin CAR COS FY17 Report (Final).docx FY 2021 Benin Country Opinion Survey Report THE WORLD BANK GROUP Public Opinion Research Group 1 March 2022 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin Acknowledgements The Benin Country Opinion Survey is part of the County Opinion Survey Program series of the World Bank Group. This report was prepared by the Strategic Insights Group (SI), led by Sharon Felzer (Senior Communications Officer, Head of SI). Yulia Danilina, Jessica Cameron, Nan Lin, and Aditi Routh oversaw design, reporting, and analysis. Dania Mendoza, Noreen Wambui, and Irina Popova provided data support. SI acknowledges the significant contribution from the Benin country team and independent fielding agency Centre de Formation et de Recherche en Matière de Population de l’Université d’Abomey-Calavi (CEFORP/UAC). In particular, Strategic Insights Group is grateful for the support from Yao Gnona Afangbedji (External Affairs Officer), who coordinated the survey related activities from Cotonou, Benin. 1 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin Table of Contents I. Objectives ...................................................................................3 II. Methodology ...............................................................................3 III. Demographics of the Sample.......................................................5 IV. Overall Context ...........................................................................9 V. Overall Attitudes Toward the World Bank Group ......................15 VI. World Bank Group’s Support in Development Areas .................20 VII. World Bank Group’s Work and Engagement on the Ground .....23 VIII. World Bank Group’s Knowledge and Instruments .....................29 IX. The Future Role of the WBG in Benin ........................................33 X. Communication and Outreach ................................................. 36 XI. Appendices ................................................................................39 BENIN 2 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin I. Objectives This survey was designed to assist the World Bank Group (WBG) in gaining a better understanding of how stakeholders in Benin perceive the WBG. The survey explored: ▪ Overall Context ▪ Overall Attitudes toward the World Bank Group ▪ World Bank Group’s Work and Engagement on the Ground ▪ World Bank Group’s Support in Development Areas ▪ World Bank Group’s Knowledge Work and Activities ▪ The Future Role of the World Bank Group in Benin ▪ Communication and Information Sharing ▪ Background Information II. Methodology From April 2021 to May 2021, 651 stakeholders of the WBG in Benin were invited to provide their opinions on the WBG’s work in the country by participating in a Country Opinion Survey. Participants were drawn from the Office of the President, Prime Minister; office of a minister; office of a parliamentarian; ministries/ministerial departments/implementation agencies; Project Management Units (PMUs) overseeing implementation of WBG projects; consultants/contractors working on WBG-supported projects/programs; local governments; independent government institutions; the judicial system; state-owned enterprises; bilateral and multilateral agencies; private sector organizations; the financial sector/private banks; private foundations; NGOs and community based organizations; trade unions; faith-based groups; youth groups; academia/research institutes/think tanks; the media; and other organizations. A total of 464 stakeholders participated in the survey (71% response rate). Respondents completed the questionnaire with a representative from the local fielding agency, received the questionnaire via a courier and returned it accordingly, or they completed the questionnaire online. Every country that engages in the Country Opinion Survey (COS) must include specific indicator questions that will be aggregated for the World Bank Group’s annual Corporate Scorecard. These questions are identified throughout the survey report. Note that the body of the report presents data on selected questions of the survey questionnaire. Please refer to Appendix A for data on all survey questions. Appendices B and C present data on selected questions. Additional data breakdowns are available upon request. 3 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin II. Methodology (continued) The results in this year’s Country Survey were compared to those in the Country Survey conducted in FY’18 (response rate was 65%, N=452). Data were weighted to reach the same stakeholder composition in two years, which allows for year comparisons. Stakeholder groups which were not present in both fiscal years were not included in the comparison. Respondents who belonged to the “other” stakeholder category were not included either. Comparing responses across Country Surveys reflect changes in attitudes over time, but also changes in respondent samples and changes to the survey instrument itself. To reduce the influence of the latter factor, only those questions with similar response scales/options were analyzed. To reduce the influence of the former, the samples from FY’18 and FY’21 were weighted to have equivalent stakeholder groupings, allowing for more statistically reliable comparisons. Due to this weighting, mean ratings, percentages of respondents, and the total number of respondents in both years are slightly different from those of the original data reported in the FY’18 COS report and the non- weighted data presented in this report. Original Distribution Percentage of Respondents FY18 FY21 Office of the President, Prime Minister, Minister 5.8% 6.3% Government Institutions (includes offices of Parliamentarians, employees of ministries, PMUs/Consultants on WBG-supported 43.7% 35.5% projects, independent government institutions, the judiciary, and state-owned enterprises) Local Government 22.1% 24.4% Bilateral/Multilateral Agency 1.7% 4.9% Civil Society (includes NGOs/CBOs, private foundations, youth 11.4% 15.3% groups, faith-based groups, and trade unions) Private Sector 7.7% 6.9% Academia 4.5% 3.2% Media 3.2% 3.5% Total Number of Respondents (Un-Weighted) 407 431 (Note, stakeholders who identified themselves as “Other” in the stakeholder category options and respondents who did not answer the stakeholder group question were not included in these comparisons.) The weighted stakeholder breakdown is presented below: Weighted Distribution Percentage of Respondents FY18 FY21 Office of the President, Prime Minister, Minister 6.1% 6.1% Government Institutions 40.0% 40.0% Local Government 23.1% 23.1% Bilateral/Multilateral Agency 3.1% 3.1% Civil Society 13.1% 13.1% Private Sector 7.1% 7.1% Academia 4.0% 4.0% Media 3.5% 3.5% Total Number of Respondents (Weighted) 473 382 4 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin III. Demographics of the Sample Current Position ▪ Note that for further analyses, some respondent groups were combined.1 1 Respondents from the office of the President, Prime Minister were combined with the respondents from the office of a minister; respondents from bilateral agencies were combined with those from multilateral agencies; respondents from the financial sector/private banks were combined with those from private sector organizations. The small number of the respondents from judicial system and the office of parliamentarian were included in the “Other” category. There were no respondents from private foundations and independent government institutions. 5 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin III. Demographics of the Sample (continued) Area of Primary Specialization Percentage of Respondents (N=447) Education 13% Health, nutrition 11% Other 10% Governance, anti-corruption 8% Generalist (specialized in multiple sectors) 8% Agriculture, rural development 7% Macroeconomics, fiscal management 6% Water, sanitation 4% Urban development 4% Environment, natural resources 4% Finance and markets 4% Social protection 3% Energy 3% Poverty 2% Jobs 2% Gender 2% Communications, public affairs 2% Tourism 2% Trade and competitiveness 2% Transport 1% Digital development and technology (ICT) <1% Climate change <1% Demographics, migration <1% “Please identify the primary specialization of your work.” (Respondents chose from a list.) 6 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin III. Demographics of the Sample (continued) Geographic Locations Exposure to Agencies within the World Bank Group 7 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin III. Demographics of the Sample (continued) Familiarity with the World Bank Group ▪ Year comparison: Respondents in this year’s Country Survey had significantly higher levels of familiarity with the WBG compared to respondents in the FY’18 Country Survey (weighted mean in FY’21 = 7.0; weighted mean in FY’18 = 5.5)2. ▪ Impact of familiarity: Respondents’ ratings of familiarity3 with the WBG were significantly, moderately correlated with their ratings for the WBG’s overall effectiveness4 in Benin, with their ratings that the WBG plays a relevant role in Benin’s development, and significantly, strongly correlated with their agreement that the WBG’s work helps to achieve development results. Mean Familiarity Rating 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 All Stakeholder Groups 7.0 PMU/Consultant on WBG project 8.4 Office of the President/Prime Minister/Minister 7.5 Local Government Office or Staff 7.4 Other 7.3 Community Based Organization/NGO 7.2 Employee of Ministry 6.9 Bilateral Agency/Multilateral Agency 6.4 Academia/Research Institute/Think Tank 6.3 Media 5.8 State-owned enterprises 5.2 Private Sector Organization 5.0 "How familiar are you with the work of the World Bank (IDA) in Benin?" (1-"Not familiar at all", 10-"Extremely familiar") 2 The means in the chart were calculated based on un-weighted data. Please refer to Methodology (page 4) for more details on weighting. 3 In FY 2021, the question about familiarity was asked separately about the World Bank and the IFC (B1_1 and B1_2). Only variable B1_1 (World Bank) was used in this calculation. 4 In FY 2021, the question about effectiveness was asked separately about the World Bank and the IFC (B4_1 and B4_2). Only variable B4_1 (World Bank) was used in this calculation. 8 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin IV. Overall Context Headed in the Right Direction Percentage of Respondents (FY 2021 N= 362, FY 2018 N = 416) 85% The right direction 74% 1% The wrong direction 7% FY 2021 14% Not sure FY 2018 20% "In general, would you say that Benin is headed in ... ?"(Respondents chose from a list.) Percentages based on weighted data. Significantly different between FY 2021 and FY 2018 Perceptions of Economic Opportunity 9 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin IV. Overall Context (continued) Development Priority ▪ Year comparison: Respondents in the previous FY’18 Country Survey indicated that the most important development priorities in Benin were “education” (47%), “public sector governance/reform” (45%), “agriculture and rural development” (32%), “private sector development” (23%), and “energy” (22%). ▪ Specialization: Respondents who identified their primary specialization of work as “education” (13% of the sample) were significantly more likely to indicate that “education” was the most important development priority in Benin, compared to the rest of the respondents (education specialists = 59%; others = 32%). Similarly, respondents whose primary specialization was “health, nutrition” (11% of the sample) were significantly more likely to indicate that “health, nutrition” was the most important development priority in Benin (health specialists = 50%; others = 14%).5 5When more than 10% of the sample are respondents from a particular sector (see the full list of specialized areas in question H2 in Appendix D), analyses are done to see these respondents’ views about the development priorities in the country. 10 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin IV. Overall Context (continued) What Would Contribute Most to Reducing Poverty ▪ Year comparison: Respondents in the previous FY’18 Country Survey indicated that the biggest contributors to poverty reduction in Benin were “agriculture and rural development” (61%), “job creation/employment” (34%), “economic growth” (27%), and “education” (27%). Of note, “transport” gained in priority in FY ’21, with 18% of respondents selecting it compared to just 6% in FY ’18. ▪ Specialization: Respondents whose primary specialization was “health, nutrition” (11% of the sample) were significantly more likely to indicate that “health, nutrition” would contribute the most to poverty reduction in Benin (health specialists = 41%; others = 15%).6 6When more than 10% of the sample are respondents from a particular sector (see the full list of specialized areas in question H2 in Appendix D), analyses are done to see these respondents’ views about which areas of development contribute most to poverty reduction in the country. 11 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin IV. Overall Context (continued) COVID-19 Pandemic: Where the Government of Benin Should Focus Efforts 12 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin IV. Overall Context (continued) Trust in Institutions 13 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin IV. Overall Context (continued) Attributions for Slow/Failed Reform Efforts ▪ Year comparison: Respondents in the previous FY’18 Country Survey most often attributed failed or slow WBG assisted reform efforts to “political pressures and obstacles” (42%), “reforms are not well thought out in light of country challenges” (35%), and “corruption” (24%). 14 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin V. Overall Attitudes toward the World Bank Group The World Bank Group’s Overall Effectiveness7 (Indicator Question) Achieving Development Results (Indicator Question) Influence on Benin’s Development Agenda (Indicator Question) 7In FY’21, the question about effectiveness was asked separately about the World Bank (IDA) and the IFC. Only ratings of effectiveness for the World Bank (IDA) were used in these analyses. 15 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin V. Overall Attitudes toward the World Bank Group (continued) WBG Staffing in Benin WBG Staff Preparedness 16 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin V. Overall Attitudes toward the World Bank Group (continued) Overall Ratings for Indicator Questions by Stakeholder Groups ▪ Collaboration: Respondents who collaborate with the WBG had significantly higher mean ratings for the aggregated responses to the twenty-nine COS indicator questions (mean rating = 7.9) compared to respondents who do not collaborate with the WBG (mean rating = 7.4). This year’s collaborators had significantly higher mean ratings for the aggregated responses to the indicator questions8 compared to the collaborators in FY’18 Country Survey (mean rating in FY’18 = 6.6; mean rating in FY’21=7.6). ▪ Stakeholder groups: Respondents who are PMU/Consultant on the WBG’s projects had the highest mean ratings for the aggregated responses to the twenty-nine COS indicator questions, whereas respondents from the bilateral agencies/multilateral agencies had significantly lower mean ratings. Responses for individual indicator questions by stakeholder groups can be found in Appendix B (page 59). Mean Rating 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 All Stakeholder Groups 7.6 PMU/Consultant on WBG project 8.2 Office of the President/Prime 8.0 Ministe/Minister Media 7.9 Local Government Office or Staff 7.7 Other 7.7 Employee of Ministry 7.6 Community Based Organization/NGO 7.5 State-owned enterprises 7.3 Academia/Research Institute/Think Tank 7.3 Private Sector Organization 7.1 Bilateral Agency/Multilateral Agency 7.1 Mean Ratings for All Indicator Questions by Stakeholder Groups on a Scale from 1 to 10 8 Only the means for 26 out of the 29 indicator questions were included in this calculation. These were the questions that were asked both in FY18 and FY21. For FY21, score for B4_1 was used in the calculation. 17 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin V. Overall Attitudes toward the World Bank Group (continued) Greatest Value ▪ Year comparison: Respondents in the previous FY’18 Country Survey indicated that the WBG’s greatest values to Benin were “capacity development related to World Bank Group supported projects” (56%), “financial resources” (36%), “technical assistance” (21%), “mobilizing third party resources” (19%), and “implementation support” (19%). 18 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin V. Overall Attitudes toward the World Bank Group (continued) Greatest Weakness ▪ Year comparison: Respondents in the previous FY’18 Country Survey indicated that the WBG’s greatest weaknesses in its work in Benin were “not willing to honestly criticize policies and reform efforts in the country” (31%), “too influenced by developed countries” (24%), “WBG’s processes too complex” (18%), and “not enough public disclosure of its work” (17%). 19 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin VI. World Bank Group’s Support in Development Areas Effectiveness of WBG’s Support in Sectoral Areas: Year Comparison 20 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin VI. WBG’s Support in Development Areas (continued) Effectiveness of WBG’s Support in Sectoral Areas: Collaboration9 9Note in the Appendix on the sectoral effectiveness (Appendix A, page 40) that primarily informed stakeholders responded to this question. Respondents were given the option of “don’t know” if they did not have exposure to the WBG’s work in certain development areas. 21 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin VI. WBG’s Support in Development Areas (continued) Helping the Poorest Support related to COVID-19 outbreak 22 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin VII. World Bank Group’s Work and Engagement on the Ground The World Bank Group’s Work in Benin: Year Comparison10 The World Bank Group’s Work in Benin: Collaboration 10 Means in this chart were calculated based on weighted data. 23 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin VII. WBG’s Work and Engagement on the Ground (continued) Overall Perceptions: Year Comparison 24 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin VII. WBG’s Work and Engagement on the Ground (continued) Overall Perceptions: Collaboration Mean Level of Agreement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 The World Bank Group effectively monitors and 8.5 evaluates the projects and programs it supports 8.6 Working with the World Bank Group increases Benin’s 8.2 institutional capacity 7.9 The World Bank Group’s approvals and reviews are 8.1 done in a timely fashion* 7.5 The World Bank Group’s Environmental and Social 7.8 Framework requirements are reasonable 7.8 The World Bank Group’s conditions on its lending are 7.6 reasonable* 6.6 The World Bank Group takes decisions quickly in 7.5 Benin*¹ 6.3 7.4 The World Bank Group disburses funds promptly* 5.0 Collaborating with the WBG Not collaborating with the WBG "To what extent do you agree/disagree with the following statements?" (1-"Strongly disagree", 10-"Strongly agree") (*Significantly different between collaborators and non-collaborators) ¹Indicator Question 25 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin VII. WBG’s Work and Engagement on the Ground (continued) The WBG as an Effective Development Partner: Year Comparison 26 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin VII. WBG’s Work and Engagement on the Ground (continued) The WBG as an Effective Development Partner: Collaboration 27 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin VII. WBG’s Work and Engagement on the Ground (continued) Effectiveness of WBG’s Support 28 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin VIII. World Bank Group’s Knowledge and Instruments Frequency of Consulting WBG Knowledge Work and Activities Percentage of Respondents (FY 2021 N= 353, FY 2018 N = 457) 4% Weekly 4% 7% Monthly 9% 40% A few times a year 33% FY 2021 35% FY 2018 Rarely 34% 13% Never 20% "How frequently How frequently do you consult World Bank Group’s knowledge work and activities in the work you do?" (1-"Not significant at all", 10-"Very significant") Percentages based on weighted data. Statistically similar between FY 2021 and FY 2018 Meeting Benin’s Knowledge Needs (Indicator Question) 29 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin VIII. World Bank Group’s Knowledge and Instruments (continued) Contribution of the WBG’s Knowledge Work and Activities (Indicator Question) Technical Quality of the WBG’s Knowledge Work and Activities (Indicator Question) 30 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin VIII. World Bank Group’s Knowledge and Instruments (continued) Qualities of the WBG’s Knowledge Work and Activities 31 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin VIII. World Bank Group’s Knowledge and Instruments (continued) Usefulness of the COVID-19 “Approach Paper” Meeting Benin’s Needs for Financial Instruments (Indicator Question) WBG’s Global Advocacy Role (Indicator Question) 32 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin IX. The Future Role of the World Bank Group in Benin Making the World Bank Group of Greater Value ▪ Year comparison: Respondents in the previous FY’18 Country Survey indicated that the WBG should “work more with civil society and beneficiary representatives” (26%), “reduce the complexity of obtaining World Bank Group financing” (26%), “collaborate more effectively with Government clients” (23%), and “leverage the private sector more” (21%) to make itself of greater value in Benin. 33 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin IX. The Future Role of the WBG in Benin (continued) The World Bank Group Should Collaborate More with … ▪ Year comparison: Respondents in the FY’18 Country Survey indicated that the WBG should collaborate more with “local government” (45%), “beneficiaries” (45%), and “private sector” (33%) to ensure better development results in Benin. 34 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin IX. The Future Role of the WBG in Benin (continued) Where the World Bank Group Should Focus its Resources ▪ Year comparison: Respondents in the previous FY’18 Country Survey indicated that the WBG should focus its resources on “agriculture and rural development” (47%), “education” (43%), “energy” (30%), “health” (29%), and “public sector governance/reform” (24%). ▪ Specialization: Respondents who identified their primary specialization of work as “education” (13% of the sample) were significantly more likely to indicate that the WBG should focus most of its resources on “education”, compared to the rest of respondents (education specialists = 67%; others = 29%). Similarly, respondents who identified their primary specialization as “health, nutrition” (11% of the sample) were significantly more likely to indicate that the WBG should focus most of its resources on “health, nutrition” (health specialists = 59%; others = 19%).11 11When more than 10% of the sample are respondents from a particular sector, analyses are done to see these respondents’ views about which areas the World Bank Group should focus most of its resources on. 35 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin X. Communication and Outreach Note: When considering the World Bank Group’s future outreach with key constituencies, please see Appendix B (page 59) for selected responses by stakeholder groups. General Information Sources ▪ Year comparison: Respondents in the previous FY’18 Country Survey indicated that they got most of their information about economic and social development issues in Benin from “local television” (51%), “internet” (42%), “local radio” (31%), and from “social media” (18%). 36 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin X. Communication and Outreach (continued) Note: When considering communication methods for the World Bank Group’s future outreach, please see Appendix A (page 40) for reported frequency of interactions with key forms of World Bank Group communications. Preferred Information Sources ▪ Year comparison: Respondents in the previous FY’18 Country Survey indicated that they would prefer to receive information from the WBG through “e-Newsletters” (39%), through “WBG’s publications and other written materials” (38%), and “WBG’s seminars/workshops/conferences” (36%). 37 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin X. Communication and Outreach (continued) Internet connection Percentage of Respondents (FY 2021 N= 322, FY 2018 N = 384) 70% High speed/WiFi 67% 30% FY 2021 Dial-up 33% FY 2018 "Which Internet connection do you use primarily when visiting a World Bank Group website?" (Respondents chose from a list.) Percentages based on weighted data. Statitiscally similar between FY 2018 and FY 2021 Devices used to access WBG website WBG Interaction Frequency 38 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin XI. Appendices A. Responses to All Questions Across All Respondents ..................... 40 B. Responses to Selected Questions by Stakeholder Groups …………..59 C. Responses to Indicator Questions by Collaboration with the WBG ............................................................................... 72 D. Benin FY 2021 COS Questionnaire ................................................ 73 BENIN 39 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin Appendix A: Responses to All Questions across All Respondents (N=464) All rating scale questions are presented with the total number of respondents that provided a rating (N), the number of respondents who indicated that they “Don’t know” (DK), the mean rating across all respondents (Mean), and the standard deviation of this mean (SD). Indicator questions are noted with an asterisk (*). A. Overall Context Percentage of Respondents 1. In general, would you say that Benin is headed in ... ? (N=442) The right direction 84.4% The wrong direction 1.6% Not sure 14.0% Percentage of Respondents 2. Do you think that economic opportunity for citizens in Benin is … ? (N=434) Increasing 81.3% Decreasing 4.4% Staying about the same 14.3% 40 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin A. Overall Context (continued) 3. Listed below are a number of development priorities in Benin. Please identify which of the following you consider the most important development priorities Percentage of Respondents in Benin. (Choose no more than THREE) (Responses Combined; N=434) Education 35.3% Agriculture and rural development 33.9% Public sector governance/reform (i.e., government effectiveness, public financial 27.6% management, public expenditure, fiscal system reform) Job creation/employment 18.9% Health 18.2% Nutrition/food security 17.5% Private sector development 17.5% Energy 16.6% Poverty reduction 15.0% Water and sanitation 13.8% Anti-corruption 12.7% Transport (e.g., roads, bridges, transportation) 9.9% Economic growth 8.8% Urban development 7.6% Climate change (e.g., mitigation, adaptation) 7.1% Social protection (e.g., pensions, targeted social assistance) 6.2% Information and communications technology 5.1% Gender equity (closing the gap between women and men, and boys and girls) 4.8% Equality of opportunity (i.e., social inclusion) 4.6% Global pandemics (e.g., COVID-19) 3.7% Natural resource management (renewables) 3.0% Crime and violence 1.6% Judiciary reform 1.6% Disaster risk management 1.6% Trade and exports 1.2% Global/regional integration 0.9% Financial markets 0.7% National debt 0.5% Pollution 0.0% 41 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin A. Overall Context (continued) 4. Poverty reduction is a broad term that encompasses work in many different areas. Which THREE areas of development listed below do you believe would Percentage of Respondents contribute most to reducing poverty in Benin? (Choose no more than THREE) (Responses Combined; N=453) Agriculture and rural development 47.2% Job creation/employment 36.6% Education 29.8% Private sector development 19.9% Health 17.9% Transport (e.g., roads, bridges, transportation) 17.7% Anti-corruption 17.4% Public sector governance/reform (i.e., government effectiveness, public financial 15.7% management, public expenditure, fiscal system reform) Economic growth 15.0% Energy 14.6% Nutrition/food security 14.3% Social protection (e.g., pensions, targeted social assistance) 8.8% Equality of opportunity (i.e., social inclusion) 7.7% Water and sanitation 7.7% Climate change (e.g., mitigation, adaptation) 5.1% Information and communications technology 4.2% Gender equity (closing the gap between women and men, and boys and girls) 4.0% Trade and exports 3.5% Natural resource management (renewables) 3.1% Judiciary reform 2.0% Urban development 1.8% Financial markets 1.1% Disaster risk management 0.7% Crime and violence 0.7% Global/regional integration 0.7% National debt 0.2% Pollution 0.0% 42 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin A. Overall Context (continued) 5. The COVID-19 pandemic has stressed many aspects of Benin’s growth and development. In which areas would you like to see the Benin’s government focus most of its efforts related to the impact of COVID-19 over the next six Percentage of Respondents months to a year? (Choose no more than THREE) (Responses Combined; N=446) Healthcare 40.1% Fair and equal distribution of a COVID-19 vaccine if, and when, a safe one is 39.9% approved Poverty and inequality (e.g., strengthening the social safety net, social assistance) 37.4% Agriculture/nutrition/food security 37.2% Education 28.3% Ensuring sustainable business growth and job creation 26.7% Ensuring that girls and women have equal access to health care/health services 22.2% Providing direct financial support to businesses (business support packages) 21.1% Economic growth 11.9% Providing direct non-financial (e.g., food, healthcare supplies, etc.) support to 11.2% citizens Public service delivery (e.g., strengthening policies, institutions) 8.5% Ensuring that girls and women have equal access to job opportunities 6.7% Other 1.1% 6. When economic and/or social reform efforts fail or are slow to take place in Benin, which of the following would you attribute this to? (Choose no more Percentage of Respondents than TWO) (Responses Combined; N=405) Political pressures and obstacles 36.0% Inadequate level of citizen/civil society participation 33.3% Corruption 30.4% Reforms are not well thought out in light of country challenges 28.4% Inadequate level of private sector participation 27.7% Inadequate level of capacity in the government 12.1% Inadequate level of government accountability 10.6% Inadequate level of donor coordination 7.7% Pressure from outside interest groups (e.g., private sector, unions) 7.2% Other 1.7% 43 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin A. Overall Context (continued) 7. To what extent do you trust each of the following groups to do what is Degree right?* (1-To no degree at all, 10-To a very significant degree) N DK Mean SD 1. The national/federal government 359 50 7.46 2.74 2. Bilateral organizations (e.g., AFD, ENABEL, SNV, JICA, GIZ, USAID) 368 46 7.93 2.20 3. The World Bank Group* 400 19 8.12 2.10 4. The International Monetary Fund 341 56 7.06 2.60 5. The United Nations (UN) 354 45 7.43 2.34 6. The World Health Organization (WHO) 355 43 7.14 2.62 7. Regional development banks (e.g., the West African Development Bank 357 43 7.93 2.03 (BOAD)) 8. The Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO) 351 47 7.75 2.16 9. International private sector 297 88 6.41 2.44 10. Local private sector 343 46 7.06 2.30 11. International civil society (e.g., NGOs, CBOs) 346 47 6.99 2.37 12. Local civil society (e.g., NGOs, CBOs) 362 33 6.85 2.42 13. Youth organizations 343 48 6.16 2.55 14. Faith-based institutions 338 55 6.68 2.51 15. Local traditional media and their web presence (e.g., newspapers, TV 357 36 5.80 2.66 stations, radio) 16. International media and their web presence 333 60 6.00 2.47 17. Web based media (i.e., blogs, social media, other web-based news and 338 53 5.32 2.46 information sources) B. Overall Attitudes toward the World Bank Group 1. How familiar are you with the work of these organizations in Benin? Familiarity (1-Not familiar at all, 10-Extremely familiar) N DK Mean SD 1. The World Bank (IDA) 420 n/a 7.03 2.74 2. The International Finance Corporation (IFC), the World Bank Group’s private 399 n/a 5.11 3.04 sector arm To what extent do you agree/disagree with the following statements about the Level of Agreement World Bank Group’s work in Benin? (1-Strongly disagree, 10-Strongly agree) N DK Mean SD 2. Overall the World Bank Group currently plays a relevant role in development 421 20 8.18 2.14 in Benin* 3. The World Bank Group’s work is aligned with what I consider the 381 52 7.66 2.34 development priorities for Benin* 4. Overall, please rate your impression of the effectiveness of these Effectiveness organizations in Benin. (1-Not effective at all, 10-Very effective) N DK Mean SD 1. The World Bank (IDA)* 376 58 7.81 2.08 2. The International Finance Corporation (IFC), the World Bank Group’s private 265 152 6.76 2.47 sector arm* 44 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin B. Overall Attitudes toward the World Bank Group (continued) Achieving Development Results N DK Mean SD 5. To what extent does the World Bank Group’s work help to achieve development results in Benin?* (1-To no degree at all, 10-To a very significant 394 42 7.98 2.13 degree) Influencing the Development Agenda N DK Mean SD 6. To what extent does the World Bank Group influence the development 385 50 7.60 2.55 agenda in Benin?* (1-To no degree at all, 10-To a very significant degree) 7. To what extent do you believe that the World Bank Group’s work and Percentage of Respondents support help the poorest in Benin? (Select only ONE response) (N=437) To a fully sufficient degree 29.3% To a somewhat sufficient degree 48.1% To a somewhat insufficient degree 8.2% To a very insufficient degree 3.7% Don’t know 10.8% 8. When thinking about the World Bank Group’s role in Benin, which activity do Percentage of Respondents you VALUE the most? (Choose no more than TWO) (Responses Combined; N=424) Implementation support 47.4% Financial resources 38.9% Capacity development related to World Bank Group supported projects 31.6% Technical assistance 17.7% Formal policy advice, studies, analyses 13.9% Mobilizing third party financial resources 13.4% Data and statistics 9.2% Donor coordination 8.0% Promoting knowledge sharing 5.2% Global advocacy 5.0% Bringing together different groups of stakeholders 3.1% Informal advice that World Bank Group’s staff provides (e.g., memos, short 0.7% evidence notes, informal discussions and emails) Other 0.2% 45 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin B. Overall Attitudes toward the World Bank Group (continued) 9. Which of the following do you identify as the World Bank Group’s greatest Percentage of Respondents WEAKNESSES in its work in Benin? (Choose no more than TWO) (Responses Combined; N=434) Not enough public disclosure of its work 31.3% Not willing to honestly criticize policies and reform efforts in the country 19.6% World Bank Group’s processes too slow and complex 15.2% Not collaborating enough with civil society (e.g., NGOs, CBOs) 14.7% Too influenced by developed countries 13.6% Not collaborating enough with private sector 10.6% Not adequately sensitive to political/social realities in Benin 10.6% Don’t know 10.1% Not aligned with country priorities 8.5% Staff too inaccessible 8.1% Not sufficiently focused on sustainable results 7.6% Not adequately flexible in changing country circumstances 6.9% Inadequate number of innovative financial products and services 5.5% Inadequate World Bank Group’s staffing in Benin 4.8% Inadequate number of innovative knowledge products and services 4.1% Inadequate level of real-time advice and guidance 2.8% Not collaborating enough with partners such as bilaterals, multilaterals, trust 1.8% funds, UN Other 1.6% Arrogant in its approach 0.7% 46 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin B. Overall Attitudes toward the World Bank Group (continued) 10. When thinking about how the World Bank Group can have the most impact on development results in Benin, which sectors do you believe the World Bank Group should prioritize with its resources (financial and knowledge services) in Percentage of Respondents Benin? (Choose no more than THREE) (Responses Combined; N=440) Agriculture and rural development 39.3% Education 33.4% Private sector development 23.4% Job creation/employment 22.7% Health 22.7% Poverty reduction 18.6% Energy 14.8% Public sector governance/reform (i.e., government effectiveness, public financial 14.5% management, public expenditure, fiscal system reform) Water and sanitation 11.8% Transport (e.g., roads, bridges, transportation) 11.6% Anti-corruption 9.3% Nutrition/food security 8.0% Economic growth 8.0% Climate change (e.g., mitigation, adaptation) 6.6% Social protection (e.g., pensions, targeted social assistance) 6.1% Information and communications technology 5.0% Equality of opportunity (i.e., social inclusion) 4.5% Gender equity (closing the gap between women and men, and boys and girls) 4.3% Urban development 3.9% Trade and exports 3.4% Financial markets 3.2% Global pandemics (e.g., COVID-19) 3.0% Natural resource management (renewables) 2.5% Judiciary reform 2.5% Disaster risk management 1.8% Global/regional integration 1.6% Crime and violence 1.4% National debt 1.1% Pollution 0.2% 47 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin 11. What do you immediately think of when you hear about the IFC? (Choose Percentage of Respondents no more than THREE) (Responses Combined; N=429) Multi-lateral financial institution 37.5% Do not have enough information to say 31.7% World Bank 29.4% Development institution 28.2% Investment Bank 21.0% Private Sector Solutions 16.3% Public-private partnerships 12.8% Innovation and Entrepreneurship 7.7% Impact Investor 6.3% Financial Advisory Solutions 5.1% None of these 2.6% Venture Capital 2.3% Asset Manager 2.1% Thought leader 0.9% Other 0.2% 48 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin C. World Bank Group’s Work and Engagement on the Ground Staff Preparedness N DK Mean SD 1. To what extent do you believe the World Bank Group’s staff is well prepared (e.g., skills mix and knowledge) to help Benin solve its most complicated 324 115 8.05 2.16 development challenges? (1-To no degree at all, 10-To a very significant degree) Staffing adequacy N DK Mean SD 2. To what extent do you believe the World Bank Group is adequately staffed in 218 216 5.69 2.92 Benin? (1-To no degree at all, 10-To a very significant degree) To what extent is the World Bank Group an effective development partner in Degree Benin, in terms of each of the following? (1-To no degree at all, 10-To a very significant degree) N DK Mean SD 3. Responsiveness to needs* 308 97 7.32 2.37 4. Flexibility (in terms of the institution’s products and services)* 261 117 6.58 2.52 5. Flexibility (in terms of changing country circumstances)* 260 111 6.68 2.41 6. Being inclusive* 264 112 7.14 2.45 7. Openness (sharing data and other information)* 266 106 7.56 2.26 8. Collaboration with the Government* 338 58 8.47 1.84 9. The speed in which it gets things accomplished on the ground* 284 88 6.86 2.37 10. Helping to bring discipline/effective supervision to implementation of 309 69 8.08 1.92 investment projects* 11. Collaboration with civil society* 268 116 6.76 2.48 12. Staff accessibility* 253 126 6.52 2.72 13. Collaboration with other donors and development partners* 235 142 7.40 2.21 14. Collaboration with the private sector* 232 142 6.48 2.48 15. Straightforwardness and honesty* 252 129 7.93 2.22 16. Treating clients and stakeholders in Benin with respect* 266 111 7.89 2.06 17. Being a long-term partner* 280 101 8.06 1.99 18. Acting with compassion and empathy 210 163 6.72 2.60 19. Insisting on accountability through its lending (e.g., performance-based 242 134 7.94 2.06 financing/resources tied to results) 20. Measuring results effectively 278 101 8.14 1.97 To what extent do you agree/disagree with the following statements? Level of Agreement (1-Strongly disagree, 10-Strongly agree) N DK Mean SD 21. The World Bank Group disburses funds promptly 279 142 5.87 3.09 22. The World Bank Group effectively monitors and evaluates the projects and 368 44 8.59 1.80 programs it supports 23. The World Bank Group’s approvals and reviews are done in a timely fashion 321 87 7.79 2.20 24. The World Bank Group’s Environmental and Social Framework requirements 274 128 7.79 2.16 are reasonable 25. The World Bank Group’s conditions on its lending are reasonable 209 193 6.99 2.47 26. The World Bank Group takes decisions quickly in Benin* 227 177 6.69 2.64 27. Working with the World Bank Group increases Benin’s institutional capacity 318 87 8.03 2.13 49 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin C. World Bank Group’s Work and Engagement on the Ground (continued) To what extent do you agree/disagree with the following statements about the World Bank Group in Benin? (1-Strongly disagree, 10-Strongly agree) N DK Mean SD 28. The World Bank Group’s financial instruments (i.e., investment lending, Development Policy Loan, Trust Funds, Program-for-Results, etc.) meet the 337 88 7.69 2.18 needs of Benin* 29. The World Bank Group meets Benin’s needs for knowledge services (e.g., 306 111 7.36 2.26 research, analysis, data, technical assistance)* COVID-19 “Approach Paper” N DK Mean SD 30. The World Bank Group has provided real time advice and guidance to the government and policy makers, built on its COVID-19 “Approach Paper” published soon after the outbreak. Please rate the usefulness of this more 257 164 7.98 2.14 informal advice and guidance (e.g., informal discussions, memos, informal working papers) to the Benin government’s efforts to support citizens throughout this crisis? (1-Not useful at all, 10-Very useful) Global role of advocacy N DK Mean SD 31. How important is it for the World Bank Group to focus resources on its global advocacy role, to help promote policies related to its work in areas 331 97 8.44 1.96 including climate, health, gender, and debt?* (1-Not important at all, 10-Very important) How effectively does the World Bank Group support Benin’s efforts … ? Effectiveness (1-Not effectively at all, 10-Very effectively) N DK Mean SD 32. To build stronger domestic resource mobilization systems in the Government 318 99 7.75 2.42 (e.g., tax collection) 33. To develop better and stronger data collection/analytics systems within the 338 68 8.12 2.04 Government 34. To strengthen the country’s crisis preparedness 311 91 7.98 2.12 50 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin D. World Bank Group’s Support in Development Areas 1. How EFFECTIVE do you believe the World Bank Group is in terms of the work Effectiveness it does in the following areas of development in Benin? (1-Not effective at all, 10- Very effective) N DK Mean SD 1. Social protection (e.g., pensions, targeted social assistance) 162 239 7.06 2.51 2. Private sector development 195 197 7.02 2.44 3. Education 269 123 7.91 2.04 4. Public sector governance/reform (i.e., government effectiveness, public 244 154 8.04 1.91 financial management, public expenditure, fiscal system reform) 5. Urban development 204 187 7.61 2.37 6. Energy 231 161 7.78 2.27 7. Water and sanitation 269 125 8.08 2.03 8. Job creation/employment 186 202 6.88 2.69 9. Health 268 129 8.13 1.97 10. Agriculture and rural development 258 139 8.09 2.06 11. Trade and exports 127 261 6.77 2.67 12. Natural resource management (renewables) 183 202 7.72 2.17 13. Climate change (e.g., mitigation, adaptation) 219 170 7.85 2.15 14. Poverty reduction 281 111 7.80 2.26 15. Economic growth 251 141 7.84 2.11 16. Disaster risk management 195 193 7.36 2.35 17. Equality of opportunity (i.e., social inclusion) 186 206 7.33 2.44 18. Information and communications technology 174 218 7.63 2.29 2. The World Bank Group has provided fast track support to Benin related Effectiveness to the outbreak of COVID-19 since early 2020. Please rate the World Bank Group’s effectiveness when considering this fast track support, if and as it applies to Benin, in the following areas: (1-Not effective at all, 10-Very effective) N NA DK Mean SD 1. Supporting health interventions for saving lives 258 5 150 8.22 2.02 2. Education (e.g., transitioning to remote learning, ensuring access, etc.) 220 9 174 7.30 2.46 3. Protecting poor people (social assistance/ social safety nets) 206 11 180 7.15 2.50 4. Ensuring sustainable business growth and job creation 178 8 209 6.70 2.72 5. Strengthening policies, institutions and investments for rebuilding 179 12 205 7.36 2.46 better 6. Macroeconomic stability and transparent debt management 156 10 230 7.29 2.44 51 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin E. World Bank Group’s Knowledge Work and Activities 1. How frequently do you consult World Bank Group’s knowledge work and Percentage of Respondents activities in the work you do? (N=423) Weekly 5.2% Monthly 8.0% A few times a year 37.6% Rarely 35.5% Never 13.7% In Benin, to what extent do you believe that the World Bank Group’ s Degree knowledge work and activities: (1-To no degree at all, 10-To a very significant degree) N DK Mean SD 2. Are timely 210 203 7.59 2.21 3. Include appropriate level of stakeholder involvement during preparation 224 172 7.61 2.18 4. Lead to practical solutions 258 139 7.91 2.08 5. Are source of relevant information on global good practices 260 138 8.31 1.79 6. Are adequately disseminated 259 139 6.82 2.67 7. Are translated enough into local language 226 168 4.42 3.05 8. Are adaptable to Benin’s specific development challenges and country 272 125 7.62 2.28 circumstances* Overall Evaluations N DK Mean SD 9. Overall, how significant a contribution do you believe the World Bank Group's knowledge work and activities make to development results in your 350 73 7.91 2.12 country?* (1-Not significant at all, 10-Very significant) 10. Overall, how would you rate the technical quality of the World Bank Group's knowledge work and activities?* (1-Very low technical quality, 10-Very high 311 108 7.85 2.07 technical quality) 52 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin F. The Future Role of the World Bank Group in Benin 1. Which of the following SHOULD the World Bank Group do to make itself of Percentage of Respondents greater value in Benin? (Choose no more than TWO) (Responses Combined; N=418) Reduce the complexity of obtaining World Bank Group financing 30.6% Engage more directly with beneficiaries 21.3% Offer more innovative financial products and services 18.2% Engage more effectively with civil society (e.g., NGOs, CBOs) 17.5% Increase the level of capacity development in the country 17.5% Engage more effectively with private sector 15.1% Collaborate more effectively with Government clients (e.g., national, state, local) 14.8% Engage more effectively with partners such as bilaterals, multilaterals, trust 10.0% funds, UN Help to bring discipline/effective supervision to implementation of World Bank 9.6% Group projects Improve the quality of its experts as related to Benin’s specific challenges 8.6% Provide more adequate data/knowledge/statistics/figures on Benin’s economy 8.1% Work faster 7.7% Ensure greater selectivity in its work 6.0% Offer more innovative knowledge products and services 4.5% Offer more real-time advice and guidance 3.8% Other 3.3% 2. In addition to the regular relations with the national government, which TWO of the following groups should the World Bank Group collaborate with Percentage of Respondents more in Benin? (Choose no more than TWO) (Responses Combined; N=418) Local government 43.8% Beneficiaries 38.5% Private sector 33.5% NGOs/Community Based Organizations 30.6% Academia/think tanks/research institutes 17.0% Donor community 9.6% Youth/university groups 8.1% Media 6.2% Don’t know 1.9% Parliament 1.7% Other 1.4% Foundations 1.2% 53 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin G. Communication and Information Sharing Percentage of Respondents 1. How frequently do you interact with the World Bank Group now in Benin? (N=411) Never 41.1% Less than once a year 11.7% Once a year to a few times a year 29.0% Less than once a month 5.8% At least once a month 7.5% At least once a week 4.9% 2. How do you get most of your information about economic and social Percentage of Respondents development issues in Benin? (Choose no more than TWO) (Responses Combined; N=405) Local television 44.7% Social media (e.g., blogs, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Flickr) 32.6% International television 26.4% Local radio 23.2% Local newspapers 20.2% International radio 13.3% International newspapers 12.3% Periodicals 10.4% Other 7.7% 3. How would you prefer to receive information from the World Bank Group? Percentage of Respondents (Choose no more than THREE) (Responses Combined; N=425) World Bank Group’s seminars/workshops/conferences 51.8% World Bank Group’s publications and other written materials 49.4% World Bank Group’s website 34.4% Direct contact with World Bank Group (i.e., face to face meetings/discussions) 32.5% Social media (e.g., blogs, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Flickr) 30.1% Interviews and press conferences for the Benin’s media 29.2% e-Newsletters 23.3% Webinars or online events hosted by the World Bank Group 17.2% 4. Which Internet connection do you use primarily when visiting a World Bank Percentage of Respondents Group website? (Select only ONE response) (N=387) High speed/WiFi 66.9% Dial-up 33.1% 5. What do you use primarily when visiting a World Bank Group website? Percentage of Respondents (Select only ONE response) (N=408) Computer/laptop 48.3% Phone 36.5% I never visit the WBG websites 14.0% Tablet 1.2% 54 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin G. Communication and Information Sharing (continued) 6. Over the past SIX MONTHS, on average how Percentage of Respondents often did you do any of the following related to the Every few Every few Every few World Bank Group (WBG)? N days weeks months Not at all Read, viewed or heard a story about the WBG in 411 3.2% 15.8% 46.7% 34.3% local media (newspaper, magazine, TV, radio) Read, viewed or heard a story about the WBG in 396 6.8% 17.4% 45.5% 30.3% global media (newspaper, magazine, TV, radio) Interacted with the WBG on Social Media (e.g., read a post or tweet, liked, commented, shared, 396 1.8% 7.8% 13.4% 77.0% retweeted) Visited a WBG website (e.g., read a blog, used data) 396 3.8% 12.9% 44.2% 39.1% Attended an event/conference hosted by the WBG 390 1.0% 5.9% 26.2% 66.9% Watched a webinar or online event hosted by the 388 0.8% 5.9% 24.0% 69.3% WBG Read some or all of a WBG research paper or 384 1.6% 10.4% 44.0% 44.0% publication Met professionally with WBG staff 388 1.0% 6.7% 27.6% 64.7% Read a WBG e-newsletter 380 2.4% 7.6% 26.1% 63.9% 55 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin H. Background Information 1. Which of the following best describes your current affiliation? (Select only Percentage of Respondents ONE response) (N=456) Local Government Office or Staff 23.0% Employee of Ministry, Ministerial Department, Implementation Agency 22.8% NGO/Community Based Organization 11.2% Project Management Unit (PMU) overseeing implementation of WBG 8.1% project/Consultant/Contractor working on WBG supported project/program Private Sector Organization 6.1% Other 5.5% Office of Minister 5.0% Bilateral Agency (e.g., embassy, diplomatic, military) 3.9% Media (press, radio, TV, web, etc.) 3.3% Academia/Research Institute/Think Tank 3.1% State-Owned Enterprise 2.2% Faith-Based Group 1.5% Office of the President, Prime Minister 0.9% Trade Union 0.9% Youth Group 0.9% Multilateral Agency (UN, regional development bank) 0.7% Financial Sector/Private Bank 0.4% Office of Parliamentarian 0.2% Judicial System (e.g., courts) 0.2% Independent Government Institution (i.e., regulatory agency, central 0.0% bank/oversight institution) Private Foundation (e.g., Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Rockefeller 0.0% Foundation) 56 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin H. Background Information (continued) 2. Please identify the primary specialization of your work. (Select only ONE Percentage of Respondents response) (N=447) Education 12.5% Health, nutrition 11.2% Other 10.1% Governance, anti-corruption 7.8% Generalist (specialized in multiple sectors) 7.8% Agriculture, rural development 6.9% Macroeconomics, fiscal management 6.0% Water, sanitation 4.5% Urban development 4.3% Environment, natural resources 4.0% Finance and markets 4.0% Social protection 3.4% Energy 3.4% Poverty 2.5% Jobs 2.0% Gender 1.8% Communications, public affairs 1.8% Tourism 1.6% Trade and competitiveness 1.3% Transport 1.1% Digital development and technology (ICT) 0.9% Climate change 0.7% Demographics, migration 0.4% Fragility, conflict, violence, refugees 0.0% 3. Currently, do you professionally collaborate/work with the World Bank Percentage of Respondents Group (IDA, IFC, MIGA, ICSID) in Benin? (N=439) Yes 29.8% No 70.2% 4. If yes, which of the following agencies of the World Bank Group do you Percentage of Respondents primarily collaborate/work with in Benin? (Select only ONE response) (N=127) The World Bank (IDA) 96.9% The International Finance Corporation (IFC) 3.1% The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) 0.0% International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) 0.0% Percentage of Respondents 5. Do your projects involve both the World Bank and the IFC? (N=206) Yes 18.9% No 81.1% 57 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin H. Background Information (continued) 6. Which of the following describes most of your exposure to the World Bank Percentage of Respondents Group in Benin? (Choose no more than TWO) (Responses Combined; N=391) Collaborate as part of my professional duties 41.2% Observer (i.e., follow in media, discuss in informal conversations, etc.) 38.1% Use World Bank Group website for information, data, research, etc. 24.3% Use World Bank Group reports/data 22.3% Engage in World Bank Group related/sponsored events/activities 21.2% Percentage of Respondents 7. What’s your gender? (N=451) Female 13.7% Male 86.3% Percentage of Respondents 8. What’s your age? (N=452) 25 and under 0.7% 26-35 12.4% 36-45 33.4% 46-55 32.7% 56 and above 20.8% Percentage of Respondents 9. Which best represents your geographic location? (N=446) Other cities 41.9% Cotonou 33.0% Porto-Novo 6.1% Parakou 4.3% Rural areas 4.3% Lokossa 3.6% Natitingou 3.6% Abomey 3.4% 58 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin 12 Appendix B: Responses to Selected Questions by Stakeholder Groups  Office of President/Prime Minister/Minister N=27  Employee of a Ministry N=104  PMU/Consultant on WBG Project N=37  Local Government N=105  State-Owned Enterprise N=10  Bilateral/Multilateral Agency N=21  Private Sector/Financial Sector/Private Bank (Private Sector) N=30  NGO/Community Based Organization/Trade Union/Faith-Based Group/Youth Group (CSO) N=66  Academia/Research Institute/Think Tank (Academia) N=11  Media N=11  Other13 N=27 A. Overall Context In general, would you say that Benin is headed in ... ? Office of the Bilateral/ President/ Employee of PMU/ Local State-Owned Multilateral Private Percentage of Respondents PM/Minister Ministry Consultant Government Enterprise Agency Sector CSO Academia Media Other The right direction 100.0% 90.1% 86.5% 84.2% 100.0% 68.4% 79.3% 75.0% 83.3% 80.0% 92.6% The wrong direction 0.0% 2.0% 0.0% 1.0% 0.0% 5.3% 0.0% 1.7% 0.0% 6.7% 0.0% Not sure 0.0% 7.9% 13.5% 14.9% 0.0% 26.3% 20.7% 23.3% 16.7% 13.3% 7.4% 12Only 456 respondents provided information about their current positions. Therefore, only these respondents were included in the across-stakeholder analysis presented in this appendix. 13 Includes the following categories: Office of Parliamentarian (N=1), Judicial System (N=1), and Other (N=25). There were no respondents from independent government institution and private foundations. 59 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin A. Overall Context (continued) Listed below are a number of development priorities in Benin. Please identify which of the following you consider the most important development priorities in Benin. (Choose no more than THREE) Office of the Bilateral/ Percentage of Respondents President/ Employee of PMU/ Local State-Owned Multilateral Private (Responses combined) PM/Minister Ministry Consultant Government Enterprise Agency Sector CSO Academia Media Other Nutrition/food security 8.0% 17.4% 8.6% 25.3% 30.0% 4.8% 16.7% 14.5% 15.4% 14.3% 25.9% Urban development 12.0% 3.3% 2.9% 13.1% 10.0% 0.0% 10.0% 8.1% 7.7% 14.3% 0.0% Social protection 8.0% 7.6% 5.7% 3.0% 20.0% 0.0% 3.3% 11.3% 0.0% 0.0% 11.1% Gender equity* 0.0% 3.3% 2.9% 0.0% 0.0% 14.3% 3.3% 12.9% 0.0% 7.1% 14.8% Private sector development* 8.0% 20.7% 20.0% 11.1% 0.0% 23.8% 43.3% 16.1% 15.4% 28.6% 7.4% Education 28.0% 38.0% 28.6% 28.3% 50.0% 47.6% 40.0% 38.7% 38.5% 28.6% 48.1% Public sector governance/reform 44.0% 31.5% 25.7% 29.3% 20.0% 19.0% 20.0% 25.8% 38.5% 14.3% 25.9% Global/regional integration 0.0% 1.1% 0.0% 2.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.1% 0.0% Energy* 4.0% 25.0% 17.1% 17.2% 40.0% 19.0% 13.3% 8.1% 30.8% 0.0% 11.1% Water and sanitation 8.0% 12.0% 20.0% 13.1% 20.0% 4.8% 20.0% 9.7% 30.8% 7.1% 14.8% Pollution 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Job creation/employment 24.0% 17.4% 8.6% 17.2% 10.0% 19.0% 20.0% 30.6% 38.5% 7.1% 7.4% Health 20.0% 21.7% 17.1% 16.2% 0.0% 28.6% 6.7% 22.6% 15.4% 7.1% 22.2% Financial markets 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.6% 0.0% 0.0% 3.7% Global pandemics (e.g., COVID-19) 4.0% 3.3% 2.9% 4.0% 0.0% 9.5% 3.3% 3.2% 7.7% 0.0% 3.7% Poverty reduction 16.0% 13.0% 17.1% 13.1% 10.0% 23.8% 13.3% 16.1% 0.0% 21.4% 18.5% Anti-corruption 20.0% 10.9% 17.1% 11.1% 10.0% 0.0% 23.3% 14.5% 0.0% 14.3% 14.8% Transport 8.0% 12.0% 20.0% 10.1% 10.0% 9.5% 0.0% 8.1% 23.1% 7.1% 3.7% Agriculture and rural development 16.0% 31.5% 48.6% 37.4% 30.0% 47.6% 26.7% 27.4% 38.5% 64.3% 29.6% Trade and exports 4.0% 2.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.3% 1.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Crime and violence 0.0% 1.1% 0.0% 1.0% 10.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.6% 0.0% 7.1% 3.7% Natural resource management 0.0% 1.1% 8.6% 3.0% 0.0% 9.5% 6.7% 3.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Climate change* 8.0% 2.2% 2.9% 16.2% 0.0% 0.0% 6.7% 8.1% 0.0% 7.1% 3.7% Judiciary reform 0.0% 3.3% 0.0% 1.0% 0.0% 9.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.1% 0.0% Economic growth 12.0% 10.9% 8.6% 11.1% 20.0% 0.0% 6.7% 8.1% 0.0% 0.0% 7.4% Disaster risk management 4.0% 1.1% 0.0% 3.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.7% Equality of opportunity 8.0% 3.3% 2.9% 3.0% 0.0% 9.5% 3.3% 4.8% 0.0% 7.1% 11.1% National debt 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Information and communications 20.0% 4.3% 8.6% 4.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.6% 0.0% 28.6% 3.7% technology* *Significantly different between stakeholder groups 60 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin A. Overall Context (continued) The COVID-19 pandemic has stressed many aspects of Benin’s growth and development. In which areas would you like to see the Benin’s gov ernment focus most of its efforts related to the impact of COVID-19 over the next six months to a year? (Choose no more than THREE) Office of the Bilateral/ Percentage of Respondents President/ Employee of PMU/ Local State-Owned Multilateral Private (Responses combined) PM/Minister Ministry Consultant Government Enterprise Agency Sector CSO Academia Media Other Poverty and inequality 42.3% 35.6% 28.6% 36.6% 20.0% 25.0% 37.9% 44.4% 30.8% 73.3% 29.6% Agriculture/nutrition/food security 34.6% 43.6% 37.1% 37.6% 30.0% 35.0% 41.4% 33.3% 46.2% 33.3% 29.6% Public service delivery 7.7% 5.9% 11.4% 11.9% 0.0% 20.0% 6.9% 6.3% 15.4% 0.0% 7.4% Ensuring sustainable business growth and 30.8% 23.8% 28.6% 27.7% 60.0% 35.0% 34.5% 20.6% 38.5% 20.0% 11.1% job creation Ensuring that girls and women have equal 7.7% 5.9% 2.9% 3.0% 0.0% 0.0% 10.3% 15.9% 0.0% 0.0% 18.5% access to job opportunities* Providing direct financial support to 19.2% 17.8% 17.1% 14.9% 40.0% 20.0% 31.0% 23.8% 7.7% 46.7% 29.6% businesses Ensuring that girls and women have equal 11.5% 13.9% 22.9% 26.7% 30.0% 10.0% 34.5% 36.5% 7.7% 13.3% 22.2% access to health care/health services* Providing direct non-financial support to 3.8% 12.9% 14.3% 10.9% 0.0% 0.0% 24.1% 14.3% 0.0% 6.7% 11.1% citizens Fair and equal distribution of a COVID-19 vaccine if, and when, a safe one is 57.7% 50.5% 31.4% 38.6% 20.0% 40.0% 13.8% 30.2% 46.2% 60.0% 48.1% approved* Education 23.1% 25.7% 42.9% 23.8% 40.0% 35.0% 20.7% 30.2% 46.2% 20.0% 29.6% Healthcare 46.2% 41.6% 42.9% 42.6% 40.0% 40.0% 34.5% 31.7% 30.8% 26.7% 44.4% Economic growth 3.8% 11.9% 11.4% 15.8% 20.0% 15.0% 6.9% 6.3% 15.4% 0.0% 18.5% Other 0.0% 2.0% 0.0% 1.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.6% 7.7% 0.0% 0.0% *Significantly different between stakeholder groups 61 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin A. Overall Context (continued) When economic and/or social reform efforts fail or are slow to take place in Benin, which of the following would you attribute this to? (Choose no more than TWO) Office of the Bilateral/ Percentage of Respondents President/ Employee of PMU/ Local State-Owned Multilateral Private (Responses combined) PM/Minister Ministry Consultant Government Enterprise Agency Sector CSO Academia Media Other Inadequate level of government 12.5% 5.7% 5.7% 14.9% 12.5% 10.5% 8.3% 12.3% 14.3% 15.4% 8.0% accountability Inadequate level of capacity in the 12.5% 9.1% 28.6% 9.6% 0.0% 21.1% 12.5% 14.0% 7.1% 7.7% 4.0% government Political pressures and obstacles 25.0% 38.6% 25.7% 48.9% 37.5% 21.1% 25.0% 35.1% 28.6% 15.4% 44.0% Inadequate level of private sector 20.8% 30.7% 34.3% 23.4% 25.0% 42.1% 41.7% 22.8% 35.7% 7.7% 24.0% participation Inadequate level of citizen/civil society 33.3% 36.4% 28.6% 27.7% 37.5% 21.1% 29.2% 40.4% 35.7% 46.2% 36.0% participation Inadequate level of donor coordination* 25.0% 12.5% 2.9% 6.4% 0.0% 5.3% 0.0% 1.8% 0.0% 0.0% 16.0% Reforms are not well thought out in light of 29.2% 28.4% 31.4% 36.2% 12.5% 42.1% 25.0% 22.8% 28.6% 23.1% 12.0% country challenges Corruption* 20.8% 20.5% 25.7% 27.7% 62.5% 21.1% 45.8% 38.6% 28.6% 61.5% 40.0% Pressure from outside interest groups 12.5% 10.2% 8.6% 2.1% 12.5% 0.0% 12.5% 5.3% 0.0% 15.4% 12.0% Other 0.0% 2.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.3% 7.1% 7.7% 0.0% *Significantly different between stakeholder groups Office of the Bilateral/ President/ Employee of PMU/ Local State-Owned Multilateral Private PM/ Minister Ministry Consultant Government Enterprise Agency Sector CSO Academia Media Other N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean To what extent do you trust the World Bank Group 24 8.21 93 7.83 36 8.64 89 8.39 8 8.00 17 7.82 24 8.00 58 8.24 11 7.82 12 8.08 24 8.04 to do what is right? (1-To no degree at all, 10-To a very significant degree) B. Overall Attitudes Toward the World Bank Group How familiar are you with the work of these organizations in Benin? (1-Not familiar at all, 10-Extremely familiar) Office of the Bilateral/ President/ Employee of PMU/ Local State-Owned Multilateral Private PM/ Minister Ministry Consultant Government Enterprise Agency Sector CSO Academia Media Other N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean The World Bank (IDA)* 25 7.52 99 6.94 36 8.42 94 7.36 10 5.20 17 6.41 26 5.04 60 7.23 11 6.27 13 5.77 25 7.32 The International Finance Corporation (IFC), the 24 6.17 96 5.48 34 5.09 88 5.22 9 4.56 18 5.06 26 3.88 55 4.82 10 3.90 12 4.67 24 5.13 World Bank Group’s private sector arm *Significantly different between stakeholder groups 62 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin B. Overall Attitudes Toward the World Bank Group (continued) To what extent do you agree/disagree with the following statements about the World Bank Group’s work in Benin? (1-Strongly disagree, 10-Strongly agree) Office of the Bilateral/ President/ Employee of PMU/ Local State-Owned Multilateral Private PM/ Minister Ministry Consultant Government Enterprise Agency Sector CSO Academia Media Other N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean Overall the World Bank Group currently plays a 25 8.56 99 8.01 37 8.81 96 8.43 10 7.80 15 7.20 27 7.78 57 8.05 12 7.92 13 7.46 26 8.42 relevant role in development in Benin The World Bank Group’s work is aligned with what 24 8.00 87 7.89 33 8.39 91 7.70 8 7.00 15 6.60 25 6.96 48 7.54 11 7.55 11 6.82 25 7.68 I consider the development priorities for Benin Overall, please rate your impression of the effectiveness of these organizations in Benin. (1-Not effective at all, 10-Very effective) Office of the Bilateral/ President/ Employee of PMU/ Local State-Owned Multilateral Private PM/ Minister Ministry Consultant Government Enterprise Agency Sector CSO Academia Media Other N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean The World Bank (IDA) 24 8.08 88 7.78 35 8.31 89 8.04 7 7.57 12 6.75 23 6.61 53 7.83 10 7.60 11 7.64 21 8.14 The International Finance Corporation (IFC), the 16 7.00 67 6.97 17 7.18 63 6.62 5 7.40 7 5.86 20 5.30 35 7.09 3 5.33 10 6.80 19 7.53 World Bank Group’s private sector arm Office of the Bilateral/ President/ Employee of PMU/ Local State-Owned Multilateral Private PM/ Minister Ministry Consultant Government Enterprise Agency Sector CSO Academia Media Other N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean To what extent does the World Bank Group’s work 26 8.31 92 8.04 35 8.34 91 8.15 9 6.78 13 7.69 24 7.33 55 7.93 12 7.67 11 8.09 22 7.82 help to achieve development results in Benin? (1-To no degree at all, 10-To a very significant degree) Office of the Bilateral/ President/ Employee of PMU/ Local State-Owned Multilateral Private PM/ Minister Ministry Consultant Government Enterprise Agency Sector CSO Academia Media Other N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean To what extent does the World Bank Group 24 7.92 90 7.33 36 8.19 89 8.00 9 6.78 9 7.56 22 5.77 55 7.71 11 7.55 12 8.17 24 7.46 influence the development agenda in Benin?* (1-To no degree at all, 10-To a very significant degree) *Significantly different between stakeholder groups 63 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin B. Overall Attitudes Toward the World Bank Group (continued) When thinking about how the World Bank Group can have the most impact on development results in Benin, which sectors do you believe the World Bank Group should prioritize with its resources (financial and knowledge services) in Benin? (Choose no more than THREE) Office of the Bilateral/ Percentage of Respondents President/ Employee of PMU/ Local State-Owned Multilateral Private (Responses combined) PM/Minister Ministry Consultant Government Enterprise Agency Sector CSO Academia Media Other Financial markets 7.7% 4.1% 2.8% 2.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.6% 3.2% 0.0% 0.0% 7.4% Social protection 7.7% 5.1% 5.6% 3.0% 10.0% 0.0% 3.6% 14.3% 0.0% 6.7% 11.1% Gender equity 0.0% 2.0% 0.0% 4.0% 0.0% 5.6% 7.1% 12.7% 7.1% 0.0% 3.7% Private sector development 23.1% 28.6% 19.4% 27.0% 10.0% 11.1% 25.0% 19.0% 14.3% 33.3% 11.1% Education 30.8% 37.8% 25.0% 32.0% 40.0% 44.4% 32.1% 28.6% 50.0% 26.7% 40.7% Public sector governance/reform 15.4% 14.3% 16.7% 16.0% 10.0% 16.7% 17.9% 12.7% 0.0% 20.0% 14.8% Energy 15.4% 18.4% 16.7% 11.0% 20.0% 16.7% 21.4% 4.8% 21.4% 13.3% 22.2% Water and sanitation 15.4% 7.1% 13.9% 15.0% 30.0% 0.0% 14.3% 7.9% 7.1% 6.7% 18.5% Pollution 3.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Job creation/employment 23.1% 19.4% 16.7% 28.0% 30.0% 27.8% 17.9% 23.8% 35.7% 26.7% 11.1% Health 19.2% 28.6% 19.4% 21.0% 10.0% 38.9% 17.9% 23.8% 14.3% 6.7% 25.9% Global/regional integration 0.0% 2.0% 0.0% 1.0% 0.0% 5.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 6.7% 3.7% Nutrition/food security 0.0% 7.1% 5.6% 11.0% 10.0% 0.0% 14.3% 12.7% 7.1% 0.0% 3.7% Urban development 7.7% 0.0% 2.8% 8.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.8% 7.1% 0.0% 3.7% Global pandemics (e.g., COVID-19) 7.7% 1.0% 0.0% 3.0% 0.0% 11.1% 3.6% 3.2% 0.0% 6.7% 3.7% Information and communications 15.4% 4.1% 8.3% 4.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.6% 1.6% 14.3% 20.0% 0.0% technology* Transport 11.5% 12.2% 16.7% 11.0% 10.0% 16.7% 7.1% 3.2% 21.4% 20.0% 18.5% Agriculture and rural development 38.5% 41.8% 55.6% 38.0% 30.0% 27.8% 50.0% 31.7% 42.9% 40.0% 33.3% Trade and exports* 0.0% 4.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.6% 10.7% 9.5% 0.0% 0.0% 3.7% Crime and violence 0.0% 1.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.2% 0.0% 6.7% 7.4% Natural resource management 0.0% 1.0% 11.1% 3.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.6% 1.6% 7.1% 0.0% 0.0% Judiciary reform 3.8% 2.0% 0.0% 1.0% 20.0% 5.6% 3.6% 1.6% 0.0% 6.7% 3.7% Economic growth 11.5% 9.2% 8.3% 9.0% 10.0% 11.1% 3.6% 6.3% 7.1% 0.0% 7.4% Disaster risk management 0.0% 4.1% 0.0% 2.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 13.3% 0.0% Equality of opportunity 3.8% 4.1% 2.8% 2.0% 10.0% 5.6% 0.0% 9.5% 7.1% 0.0% 7.4% Anti-corruption 7.7% 7.1% 13.9% 9.0% 20.0% 5.6% 7.1% 9.5% 14.3% 13.3% 7.4% Climate change 0.0% 5.1% 2.8% 11.0% 0.0% 5.6% 0.0% 11.1% 7.1% 13.3% 3.7% Poverty reduction 19.2% 19.4% 13.9% 17.0% 30.0% 22.2% 17.9% 27.0% 7.1% 13.3% 14.8% National debt 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.6% 1.6% 0.0% 0.0% 3.7% *Significantly different between stakeholder groups 64 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin C. World Bank Group’s Work and Engagement on the Ground To what extent is the World Bank Group an effective development partner in Benin, in terms of each of the following? (1-To no degree at all, 10-To a very significant degree) Office of the Bilateral/ President/ Employee of PMU/ Local State-Owned Multilateral Private PM/ Minister Ministry Consultant Government Enterprise Agency Sector CSO Academia Media Other N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean Responsiveness to needs 19 7.79 66 7.32 30 7.87 62 7.06 8 6.63 7 6.86 16 6.69 44 7.57 6 6.67 9 7.00 15 6.80 Flexibility (in terms of the institution’s products 21 7.57 59 6.90 28 7.46 53 6.09 8 6.25 9 6.11 18 6.28 36 6.42 4 4.25 10 6.10 13 6.08 and services) Flexibility (in terms of changing country 21 7.57 64 7.03 28 7.11 50 6.36 8 6.63 9 6.00 18 6.56 33 6.58 5 5.60 10 6.30 13 5.85 circumstances) Being inclusive 21 7.76 60 7.28 27 8.04 56 7.13 7 6.71 9 6.33 13 6.38 36 6.78 3 4.67 11 6.82 19 7.47 Openness 19 8.16 63 7.81 26 8.42 55 7.45 7 6.29 10 6.00 16 7.31 38 7.26 5 8.80 10 7.00 15 7.53 Collaboration with the Government 24 8.50 79 8.42 29 8.66 76 8.32 8 7.63 7 7.86 21 8.24 50 8.62 10 9.40 12 8.67 20 8.95 The speed in which it gets things accomplished on 21 7.48 64 7.06 30 7.77 64 6.80 6 6.67 8 7.00 19 6.42 39 6.26 6 6.33 10 6.80 15 6.33 the ground Helping to bring discipline/effective supervision to 24 7.88 71 8.48 35 8.43 70 8.01 7 7.00 7 7.29 19 8.47 39 7.79 7 7.86 12 7.50 16 8.25 implementation of investment projects Collaboration with civil society* 17 7.41 63 7.27 23 7.39 62 6.98 6 6.50 6 5.50 17 6.71 41 5.80 4 3.75 11 7.36 16 5.88 Staff accessibility* 17 7.71 57 6.91 32 7.75 53 6.34 6 6.33 8 5.75 14 5.21 35 5.54 4 4.50 10 7.30 15 6.27 Collaboration with other donors and development 14 7.36 56 7.88 22 8.14 55 7.27 5 7.40 9 6.33 10 7.10 35 6.80 1 5.00 9 8.11 17 7.24 partners Collaboration with the private sector* 16 7.44 58 7.00 24 7.63 49 6.27 5 5.20 6 6.17 15 4.53 32 5.69 2 8.00 11 6.45 12 6.75 Straightforwardness and honesty 16 8.19 63 8.16 29 8.17 57 7.67 4 6.25 6 8.00 14 7.93 28 7.61 5 8.20 12 8.08 15 8.07 Treating clients and stakeholders in Benin with 18 8.33 66 8.06 31 8.23 55 7.47 6 7.83 5 8.20 14 6.71 39 8.00 6 9.00 9 7.89 15 7.80 respect Being a long-term partner 15 8.27 66 8.12 27 8.52 66 7.92 7 7.43 9 8.22 15 7.73 39 7.82 7 9.14 10 7.80 17 8.65 Acting with compassion and empathy 13 8.23 53 6.55 22 7.68 48 6.63 5 6.60 3 7.33 9 6.33 31 6.16 1 7.00 10 6.70 13 6.23 Insisting on accountability through its lending* 16 8.25 61 8.49 26 8.58 55 7.84 4 5.50 3 7.67 13 7.23 33 7.09 3 8.67 10 7.50 16 8.38 Measuring results effectively 22 8.82 68 8.43 31 8.74 64 7.83 4 6.75 5 8.00 16 7.44 32 7.56 7 8.29 10 8.10 17 8.53 *Significantly different between stakeholder groups To what extent do you agree/disagree with the following statement? (1- Strongly disagree, 10- Strongly agree) Office of the Bilateral/ President/ Employee of PMU/ Local State-Owned Multilateral Private PM/ Minister Ministry Consultant Government Enterprise Agency Sector CSO Academia Media Other N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean The World Bank Group takes decisions quickly in 19 7.84 51 7.00 27 8.44 45 5.80 4 4.75 5 7.60 14 3.93 33 6.61 6 6.67 10 6.40 12 6.83 Benin* *Significantly different between stakeholder groups 65 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin C. World Bank Group’s Work and Engagement on the Ground (continued) To what extent do you agree/disagree with the following statements about the World Bank Group in Benin? (1- Strongly disagree, 10- Strongly agree) Office of the Bilateral/ President/ Employee of PMU/ Local State-Owned Multilateral Private PM/ Minister Ministry Consultant Government Enterprise Agency Sector CSO Academia Media Other N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean The World Bank Group’s financial instruments 21 7.76 79 7.91 30 8.60 86 7.64 10 7.40 10 6.80 17 7.29 44 7.30 8 7.50 11 7.64 19 7.63 meet the needs of Benin The World Bank Group meets Benin’s needs for 22 7.68 74 7.31 27 7.93 69 7.23 8 7.25 9 7.11 16 7.56 43 7.49 9 6.11 11 7.36 16 7.19 knowledge services Office of the Bilateral/ President/ Employee of PMU/ Local State-Owned Multilateral Private PM/ Minister Ministry Consultant Government Enterprise Agency Sector CSO Academia Media Other N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean How important is the World Bank Group’s global advocacy role in areas such as climate, health, 18 8.00 80 8.16 30 8.30 80 8.73 8 9.75 10 8.30 18 7.94 43 8.63 6 9.00 12 8.42 23 8.52 gender, and debt? (1- Not important at all, 10- Very important) E. World Bank Group’s Knowledge Work and Activities E1 How frequently do you consult World Bank Group’s knowledge work and activities in the work you do?* Office of the Bilateral/ Percentage of Respondents President/ Employee of PMU/ Local State-Owned Multilateral Private (Responses combined) PM/Minister Ministry Consultant Government Enterprise Agency Sector CSO Academia Media Other Weekly 8.0% 3.0% 20.6% 1.0% 0.0% 6.3% 0.0% 3.3% 0.0% 38.5% 4.3% Monthly 16.0% 7.1% 8.8% 6.0% 20.0% 6.3% 3.7% 5.0% 7.7% 15.4% 13.0% A few times a year 48.0% 42.4% 50.0% 31.0% 30.0% 37.5% 40.7% 38.3% 46.2% 7.7% 26.1% Rarely 24.0% 34.3% 14.7% 42.0% 50.0% 50.0% 40.7% 36.7% 23.1% 30.8% 39.1% Never 4.0% 13.1% 5.9% 20.0% 0.0% 0.0% 14.8% 16.7% 23.1% 7.7% 17.4% *Significantly different between stakeholder groups In Benin, to what extent do you believe that the World Bank Group’s knowledge work and activities: Office of the Bilateral/ President/ Employee of PMU/ Local State-Owned Multilateral Private PM/ Minister Ministry Consultant Government Enterprise Agency Sector CSO Academia Media Other N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean Are adaptable to Benin’s specific development 18 8.28 72 7.88 21 8.19 64 7.61 6 6.50 7 6.71 15 6.87 39 7.38 6 9.17 9 7.11 14 6.71 challenges and country circumstances (1-To no degree at all, 10-To a very significant degree) 66 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin E. World Bank Group’s Knowledge Work and Activities (continued) Office of the Bilateral/ President/ Employee of PMU/ Local State-Owned Multilateral Private PM/ Minister Ministry Consultant Government Enterprise Agency Sector CSO Academia Media Other N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean Overall, how significant a contribution do you believe the World Bank Group's knowledge work 23 8.13 89 7.96 28 8.04 78 7.90 9 7.44 9 7.22 22 7.27 48 7.90 7 8.57 13 8.15 21 8.24 and activities make to development results in your country? Overall, how would you rate the technical quality of the World Bank Group's knowledge work and 23 8.09 80 7.94 29 8.28 63 7.73 8 6.75 7 7.00 19 7.11 44 7.80 6 8.33 12 7.75 17 8.65 activities? (1-Not significant at all, 10-Very significant; 1-Very low technical quality, 10-Very high technical quality) 67 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin F. The Future Role of The World Bank Group in Benin Which of the following SHOULD the World Bank Group do to make itself of greater value in Benin? (Choose no more than TWO) Office of the Bilateral/ Percentage of Respondents President/ Employee of PMU/ Local State-Owned Multilateral Private (Responses combined) PM/Minister Ministry Consultant Government Enterprise Agency Sector CSO Academia Media Other Engage more effectively with partners such as bilaterals, multilaterals, trust funds, UN 12.5% 12.2% 8.6% 7.4% 30.0% 23.5% 3.8% 4.9% 15.4% 15.4% 8.3% Offer more innovative financial products and services 29.2% 18.4% 17.1% 20.0% 10.0% 11.8% 15.4% 13.1% 15.4% 15.4% 29.2% Ensure greater selectivity in its work 8.3% 5.1% 8.6% 6.3% 0.0% 11.8% 7.7% 3.3% 7.7% 7.7% 4.2% Offer more innovative knowledge products and services 12.5% 5.1% 2.9% 2.1% 20.0% 5.9% 0.0% 6.6% 0.0% 7.7% 0.0% Collaborate more effectively with Government clients* 8.3% 14.3% 2.9% 26.3% 0.0% 11.8% 11.5% 11.5% 7.7% 0.0% 29.2% Work faster 12.5% 12.2% 5.7% 6.3% 10.0% 5.9% 0.0% 4.9% 15.4% 0.0% 8.3% Reduce the complexity of obtaining World Bank Group financing* 20.8% 36.7% 25.7% 42.1% 30.0% 0.0% 19.2% 27.9% 7.7% 15.4% 41.7% Offer more real-time advice and guidance 8.3% 5.1% 2.9% 3.2% 10.0% 0.0% 3.8% 1.6% 0.0% 7.7% 4.2% Help to bring discipline/effective supervision to implementation of World Bank Group projects 16.7% 6.1% 22.9% 8.4% 0.0% 5.9% 3.8% 11.5% 15.4% 0.0% 12.5% Provide more adequate data/knowledge/statistics/figures on Benin’s economy* 4.2% 17.3% 5.7% 3.2% 0.0% 11.8% 7.7% 9.8% 0.0% 7.7% 0.0% Engage more effectively with civil society* 0.0% 6.1% 0.0% 9.5% 30.0% 5.9% 26.9% 54.1% 30.8% 30.8% 20.8% Increase the level of capacity development in the country* 29.2% 23.5% 37.1% 12.6% 20.0% 11.8% 7.7% 13.1% 7.7% 0.0% 8.3% Engage more directly with beneficiaries 16.7% 17.3% 17.1% 24.2% 40.0% 23.5% 42.3% 13.1% 15.4% 30.8% 20.8% Improve the quality of its experts as related to Benin’s specific challenges* 4.2% 9.2% 20.0% 5.3% 0.0% 23.5% 7.7% 4.9% 7.7% 30.8% 0.0% Engage more effectively with private sector* 12.5% 5.1% 14.3% 15.8% 0.0% 17.6% 38.5% 16.4% 46.2% 30.8% 4.2% Other 0.0% 4.1% 2.9% 4.2% 0.0% 5.9% 3.8% 1.6% 7.7% 0.0% 4.2% *Significantly different between stakeholder groups 68 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin F. The Future Role of The World Bank Group in Benin (continued) In addition to the regular relations with the national government, which TWO of the following groups should the World Bank Group collaborate with more in your country? (Choose no more than TWO) Office of the Bilateral/ Percentage of Respondents President/ Employee of PMU/ Local State-Owned Multilateral Private (Responses combined) PM/Minister Ministry Consultant Government Enterprise Agency Sector CSO Academia Media Other Donor community* 26.1% 13.1% 6.1% 5.3% 0.0% 23.5% 10.7% 5.1% 7.1% 0.0% 12.5% Local government* 43.5% 45.5% 15.2% 78.9% 30.0% 11.8% 14.3% 30.5% 28.6% 21.4% 58.3% Beneficiaries 47.8% 46.5% 48.5% 36.8% 70.0% 29.4% 28.6% 30.5% 14.3% 35.7% 29.2% Youth/university groups* 0.0% 6.1% 6.1% 5.3% 0.0% 17.6% 10.7% 11.9% 14.3% 0.0% 25.0% Private sector* 26.1% 32.3% 57.6% 28.4% 40.0% 29.4% 67.9% 18.6% 35.7% 42.9% 20.8% NGOs/Community Based Organizations* 8.7% 17.2% 18.2% 26.3% 30.0% 0.0% 42.9% 83.1% 7.1% 21.4% 37.5% Foundations* 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 11.8% 3.6% 1.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Media* 17.4% 3.0% 6.1% 2.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.1% 7.1% 78.6% 0.0% Academia/think tanks/research institutes* 21.7% 20.2% 24.2% 9.5% 30.0% 23.5% 17.9% 8.5% 71.4% 0.0% 8.3% Parliament 8.7% 2.0% 3.0% 1.1% 0.0% 0.0% 3.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Other 0.0% 3.0% 6.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Don’t know* 0.0% 2.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 23.5% 0.0% 0.0% 7.1% 0.0% 4.2% *Significantly different between stakeholder groups G. Communication and Information Sharing How frequently do you interact with the World Bank Group now in Benin?* Office of the Bilateral/ President/ Employee of PMU/ Local State-Owned Multilateral Private Percentage of Respondents PM/Minister Ministry Consultant Government Enterprise Agency Sector CSO Academia Media Other Never 16.0% 47.4% 5.9% 44.2% 50.0% 43.8% 50.0% 44.1% 53.8% 21.4% 65.0% Less than once a year 20.0% 10.3% 0.0% 12.6% 20.0% 18.8% 19.2% 11.9% 7.7% 7.1% 10.0% Once a year to a few times a year 36.0% 28.9% 14.7% 34.7% 20.0% 12.5% 23.1% 37.3% 15.4% 50.0% 15.0% Less than once a month 4.0% 6.2% 5.9% 4.2% 0.0% 12.5% 3.8% 5.1% 23.1% 0.0% 10.0% At least once a month 16.0% 6.2% 38.2% 2.1% 10.0% 6.3% 3.8% 1.7% 0.0% 7.1% 0.0% At least once a week 8.0% 1.0% 35.3% 2.1% 0.0% 6.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 14.3% 0.0% *Significantly different between stakeholder groups 69 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin G. Communication and Information Sharing (continued) How do you get most of your information about economic and social development issues in Benin? (Choose no more than TWO) Office of the Bilateral/ Percentage of Respondents President/ Employee of PMU/ Local State-Owned Multilateral Private (Responses combined) PM/Minister Ministry Consultant Government Enterprise Agency Sector CSO Academia Media Other Local radio 17.4% 22.9% 6.1% 33.0% 11.1% 14.3% 26.9% 20.0% 0.0% 30.8% 30.8% International radio 4.3% 13.5% 15.2% 14.9% 11.1% 21.4% 19.2% 16.4% 16.7% 0.0% 3.8% Local newspapers* 39.1% 21.9% 27.3% 14.9% 22.2% 57.1% 3.8% 16.4% 16.7% 23.1% 15.4% International newspapers 26.1% 13.5% 18.2% 6.4% 11.1% 7.1% 15.4% 12.7% 25.0% 7.7% 3.8% Local television* 39.1% 46.9% 24.2% 53.2% 77.8% 14.3% 30.8% 41.8% 50.0% 30.8% 65.4% International television 34.8% 29.2% 33.3% 22.3% 11.1% 7.1% 38.5% 27.3% 16.7% 30.8% 15.4% Periodicals 8.7% 13.5% 15.2% 6.4% 22.2% 14.3% 15.4% 5.5% 8.3% 7.7% 11.5% Social media 17.4% 30.2% 33.3% 35.1% 33.3% 42.9% 38.5% 43.6% 33.3% 30.8% 15.4% Other 4.3% 7.3% 12.1% 6.4% 0.0% 7.1% 3.8% 5.5% 8.3% 15.4% 19.2% *Significantly different between stakeholder groups How would you prefer to receive information from the World Bank Group? (Choose no more than THREE) Office of the Bilateral/ Percentage of Respondents President/ Employee of PMU/ Local State-Owned Multilateral Private (Responses combined) PM/Minister Ministry Consultant Government Enterprise Agency Sector CSO Academia Media Other World Bank Group’s publications and other 37.5% 66.7% 34.3% 47.4% 50.0% 23.5% 64.3% 32.8% 46.2% 38.5% 68.0% written materials* e-Newsletters 37.5% 25.3% 25.7% 16.5% 10.0% 23.5% 21.4% 29.5% 30.8% 38.5% 8.0% World Bank Group’s 54.2% 52.5% 45.7% 61.9% 50.0% 29.4% 53.6% 47.5% 46.2% 38.5% 52.0% seminars/workshops/conferences Social media 12.5% 26.3% 20.0% 35.1% 30.0% 23.5% 42.9% 37.7% 30.8% 15.4% 36.0% Direct contact with World Bank Group 37.5% 29.3% 31.4% 29.9% 20.0% 35.3% 39.3% 37.7% 23.1% 46.2% 32.0% World Bank Group’s website 41.7% 35.4% 45.7% 38.1% 20.0% 23.5% 14.3% 36.1% 38.5% 30.8% 24.0% Webinars or online events hosted by the 37.5% 11.1% 28.6% 9.3% 20.0% 35.3% 17.9% 23.0% 30.8% 7.7% 8.0% World Bank Group* Interviews and press conferences for the 8.3% 27.3% 28.6% 35.1% 30.0% 11.8% 25.0% 29.5% 30.8% 53.8% 40.0% Benin’s media *Significantly different between stakeholder groups Which Internet connection do you use primarily when visiting a World Bank Group website?* (Select only ONE response) Office of the Bilateral/ President/ Employee of PMU/ Local State-Owned Multilateral Private Percentage of Respondents PM/Minister Ministry Consultant Government Enterprise Agency Sector CSO Academia Media Other High speed/WiFi 88.0% 71.1% 94.1% 48.3% 50.0% 88.2% 63.0% 66.0% 83.3% 57.1% 52.4% Dial-up 12.0% 28.9% 5.9% 51.7% 50.0% 11.8% 37.0% 34.0% 16.7% 42.9% 47.6% *Significantly different between stakeholder groups 70 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin H. Background Information Currently, do you professionally collaborate/work with the World Bank Group (IDA, IFC, MIGA, ICSID) in your country?* Office of the Bilateral/ President/ Employee of PMU/ Local State-Owned Multilateral Private Percentage of Respondents PM/Minister Ministry Consultant Government Enterprise Agency Sector CSO Academia Media Other Yes 42.3% 29.0% 86.1% 31.3% 33.3% 28.6% 14.3% 12.3% 15.4% 14.3% 12.5% No 57.7% 71.0% 13.9% 68.7% 66.7% 71.4% 85.7% 87.7% 84.6% 85.7% 87.5% *Significantly different between stakeholder groups If yes, which of the following agencies of the World Bank Group do you primarily collaborate/work with in Benin? (Select only ONE response) Office of the Bilateral/ President/ Employee of PMU/ Local State-Owned Multilateral Private Percentage of Respondents PM/Minister Ministry Consultant Government Enterprise Agency Sector CSO Academia Media Other The World Bank (IDA) 100.0% 96.6% 100.0% 93.5% 66.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% The International Finance Corporation (IFC) 0.0% 3.4% 0.0% 6.5% 33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% The Multilateral Investment Guarantee 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Agency (MIGA) International Centre for Settlement of 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Investment Disputes (ICSID) Which of the following describes most of your exposure to the World Bank Group in Benin? (Choose no more than TWO) Office of the Bilateral/ Percentage of Respondents President/ Employee of PMU/ Local State-Owned Multilateral Private (Responses combined) PM/Minister Ministry Consultant Government Enterprise Agency Sector CSO Academia Media Other Observer* 23.1% 35.3% 2.9% 40.4% 28.6% 35.0% 53.8% 44.4% 72.7% 57.1% 57.1% Use World Bank Group reports/data 34.6% 24.7% 8.6% 16.9% 14.3% 25.0% 15.4% 31.5% 36.4% 21.4% 19.0% Engage in World Bank Group 15.4% 24.7% 14.3% 27.0% 14.3% 20.0% 15.4% 29.6% 0.0% 7.1% 14.3% related/sponsored events/activities Collaborate as part of my professional 57.7% 42.4% 91.4% 37.1% 57.1% 35.0% 19.2% 24.1% 27.3% 28.6% 38.1% duties* Use World Bank Group website for 11.5% 21.2% 25.7% 28.1% 0.0% 30.0% 30.8% 29.6% 18.2% 28.6% 19.0% information, data, research, etc. *Significantly different between stakeholder groups 71 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin Appendix C: Indicator Questions as a Function of Exposure to the World Bank Group Currently, do you professionally collaborate/work with the World Bank Indicator Question Group in your country? Not collaborating with Collaborating with the the WBG WBG To what extent do you trust the World Bank Group to do what is right? 7.95 8.42 Overall the World Bank Group currently plays a relevant role in 7.91 8.62 development in Benin The World Bank Group’s work is aligned with what I consider the 7.38 8.10 development priorities for Benin Overall, please rate your impression of the World Bank’s effectiveness in 7.58 8.18 Benin. Overall, please rate your impression of the IFC’s effectiveness in Benin. 6.58 7.14 To what extent does the World Bank Group’s work help to achieve 7.83 8.30 development results in Benin? To what extent does the World Bank Group influence the development 7.44 7.94 agenda in Benin? Responsiveness to needs 7.08 7.76 Flexibility (in terms of the institution’s products and services) 6.28 7.15 Flexibility (in terms of changing country circumstances) 6.34 7.29 Being inclusive 6.87 7.73 Openness (sharing data and other information) 7.35 8.00 Collaboration with the Government 8.45 8.50 The speed in which it gets things accomplished on the ground 6.48 7.49 Helping to bring discipline/effective supervision to implementation of 7.98 8.26 investment projects Collaboration with civil society 6.66 7.07 Staff accessibility 6.03 7.40 Collaboration with other donors and development partners 7.25 7.63 Collaboration with the private sector 6.18 7.13 Straightforwardness and honesty 7.74 8.25 Treating clients and stakeholders in Benin with respect 7.77 8.05 Being a long-term partner 7.89 8.31 The World Bank Group takes decisions quickly in Benin 6.25 7.48 The World Bank Group’s financial instruments meet the needs of Benin 7.52 8.01 The World Bank Group meets Benin’s needs for knowledge services 7.34 7.39 How important is the World Bank Group’s global advocacy role in areas 8.41 8.43 such as climate, health, gender, and debt? In Benin, to what extent do you believe that the World Bank Group’s knowledge work and activities are adaptable to Benin’s specific 7.53 7.76 development challenges and country circumstances Overall, how significant a contribution do you believe the World Bank Group's knowledge work and activities make to development results in 7.81 8.05 your country? Overall, how would you rate the technical quality of the World Bank 7.74 8.08 Group's knowledge work and activities? Yellow highlight indicates significant difference between Yes and No means. 72 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin Appendix D: Benin FY21 COS Questionnaire World Bank Group Country Survey FY 2021 – Benin The World Bank Group is interested in gauging the views of clients and partners who are either involved in development in Benin or who observe activities related to social and economic development. The following survey will give the World Bank Group’s team that works in Benin, greater insight into how the Bank’s work is perceived. This is one tool the World Bank Group uses to assess the views of its stakeholders, and to develop more effective strategies that support development in Benin. A local independent firm has been hired to oversee the logistics of this survey. This ensures anonymity and confidentiality. We hope you’ll be candid. Finally, the survey relates to the World Bank Group’s work. The World Bank Group consists of IBRD, IDA, IFC, MIGA, and ICSID. When responding to the survey, please consider the area of the World Bank Group with which you are most familiar. To complete the survey, please circle/check the response that most accurately reflects your opinion. If you prefer not to answer a question, please leave it blank. If you feel that you do not have an adequate amount of information on a subject, please check “Don’t know”. PLEASE NOTE: IN SOME CASES THE SURVEY WILL ASK FOR A SPECIFIC NUMBER OF RESPONSES. PLEASE DO NOT CHOOSE ANY MORE THAN REQUESTED. IF MORE RESPONSES ARE CHOSEN, DATA CANNOT BE INCLUDED IN ANALYSIS. 73 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin SECTION A: OVERALL CONTEXT A1. In general, would you say that Benin is headed in ... ? 1 The right direction 2 The wrong direction 3 Not sure A2. Do you think that economic opportunity for citizens in Benin is … ? 1 Increasing 2 Decreasing 3 Staying about the same A3. Listed below are a number of development priorities in Benin. Please identify which of the following you consider the most important development priorities in Benin. (Choose no more than THREE) 1 Nutrition/food security 16 Poverty reduction 2 Urban development 17 Anti-corruption Social protection (e.g., pensions, targeted social 3 18 Transport (e.g., roads, bridges, transportation) assistance) Gender equity (closing the gap between women 4 19 Agriculture and rural development and men, and boys and girls) 5 Private sector development 20 Trade and exports 6 Education 21 Crime and violence Public sector governance/reform (i.e., government 7 effectiveness, public financial management, public 22 Natural resource management (renewables) expenditure, fiscal system reform) 8 Global/regional integration 23 Climate change (e.g., mitigation, adaptation) 9 Energy 24 Judiciary reform 10 Water and sanitation 25 Economic growth 11 Pollution 26 Disaster risk management 12 Job creation/employment 27 Equality of opportunity (i.e., social inclusion) 13 Health 28 National debt 14 Financial markets 29 Information and communications technology 15 Global pandemics (e.g., COVID-19) 74 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin SECTION A: OVERALL CONTEXT A4. Poverty reduction is a broad term that encompasses work in many different areas. Which THREE areas of development listed below do you believe would contribute most to reducing poverty in Benin? (Choose no more than THREE) 1 Transport (e.g., roads, bridges, transportation) 15 Nutrition/food security 2 Energy 16 Urban development 3 Economic growth 17 Water and sanitation 4 Disaster risk management 18 Pollution 5 Equality of opportunity (i.e., social inclusion) 19 Job creation/employment 6 National debt 20 Health 7 Information and communications technology 21 Financial markets Public sector governance/reform (i.e., government Social protection (e.g., pensions, targeted social 8 22 effectiveness, public financial management, public assistance) expenditure, fiscal system reform) 9 Agriculture and rural development 23 Natural resource management (renewables) 10 Trade and exports 24 Private sector development 11 Crime and violence 25 Education 12 Climate change (e.g., mitigation, adaptation) 26 Global/regional integration 13 Anti-corruption Gender equity (closing the gap between women 27 14 Judiciary reform and men, and boys and girls) A5. The COVID-19 pandemic has stressed many aspects of Benin’s growth and development. In which areas would you like to see the Benin’s government focus most of its efforts related to the impact of COVID-19 over the next six months to a year? (Choose no more than THREE) 1 Poverty and inequality (e.g., strengthening the social safety net, social assistance) 2 Agriculture/nutrition/food security 3 Public service delivery (e.g., strengthening policies, institutions) 4 Ensuring sustainable business growth and job creation 5 Ensuring that girls and women have equal access to job opportunities 6 Providing direct financial support to businesses (business support packages) 7 Ensuring that girls and women have equal access to health care/health services 8 Providing direct non-financial (e.g., food, healthcare supplies, etc.) support to citizens 9 Fair and equal distribution of a COVID-19 vaccine if, and when, a safe one is approved 10 Education 11 Healthcare 12 Economic growth 13 Other (please specify): ________________________________________ 75 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin SECTION A: OVERALL CONTEXT A6. When economic and/or social reform efforts fail or are slow to take place in Benin, which of the following would you attribute this to? (Choose no more than TWO) 1 Inadequate level of government accountability 2 Inadequate level of capacity in the government 3 Political pressures and obstacles 4 Inadequate level of private sector participation 5 Inadequate level of citizen/civil society participation 6 Inadequate level of donor coordination 7 Reforms are not well thought out in light of country challenges 8 Corruption 9 Pressure from outside interest groups (e.g., private sector, unions) 10 Other (please specify): ________________________________________ A7. To what extent do you trust each of the following groups to do what is right? To no degree To a very significant Don't at all degree know 1 The national/federal government 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Bilateral organizations (e.g., AFD, ENABEL, SNV, JICA, 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  GIZ, USAID) 3 The World Bank Group 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  4 The International Monetary Fund 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  5 The United Nations (UN) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  6 The World Health Organization (WHO) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Regional development banks (e.g., the West African 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Development Bank (BOAD)) 8 The Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  9 International private sector 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  10 Local private sector 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  11 International civil society (e.g., NGOs, CBOs) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  12 Local civil society (e.g., NGOs, CBOs) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  13 Youth organizations 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  14 Faith-based institutions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Local traditional media and their web presence (e.g., 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  newspapers, TV stations, radio) 16 International media and their web presence 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Web based media (i.e., blogs, social media, other web- 17 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  based news and information sources) 76 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin SECTION B: OVERALL ATTITUDES TOWARD THE WORLD BANK GROUP B1. How familiar are you with the work of these organizations in Benin? Not familiar Extremely at all familiar 1 The World Bank (IDA) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 The International Finance Corporation (IFC), the World 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Bank Group’s private sector arm To what extent do you agree/disagree with the following statements about the World Bank Group’s work in Benin? Strongly Strongly Don't disagree agree know Overall the World Bank Group currently plays a B2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  relevant role in development in Benin The World Bank Group’s work is aligned with what I B3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  consider the development priorities for Benin B4. Overall, please rate your impression of the effectiveness of these organizations in Benin. Not effective Very Don't at all effective know 1 The World Bank (IDA) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  The International Finance Corporation (IFC), the World 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Bank Group’s private sector arm B5. To what extent does the World Bank Group’s work help to achieve development results in Benin? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  To no degree at To a very Don't know all significant degree B6. To what extent does the World Bank Group influence the development agenda in Benin? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  To no degree at To a very Don't know all significant degree B7. To what extent do you believe that the World Bank Group’s work and support help the poorest in Benin? (Select only ONE response) 1 To a fully sufficient degree 2 To a somewhat sufficient degree 3 To a somewhat insufficient degree 4 To a very insufficient degree 5 Don’t know 77 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin SECTION B: OVERALL ATTITUDES TOWARD THE WORLD BANK GROUP B8. When thinking about the World Bank Group’s role in Benin, which activity do you VALUE the most? (Choose no more than TWO) 1 Formal policy advice, studies, analyses Informal advice that World Bank Group’s staff provides (e.g., memos, short evidence notes, informal 2 discussions and emails) 3 Global advocacy 4 Financial resources 5 Bringing together different groups of stakeholders 6 Capacity development related to World Bank Group supported projects 7 Technical assistance 8 Data and statistics 9 Promoting knowledge sharing 10 Implementation support 11 Mobilizing third party financial resources 12 Donor coordination 13 Other (please specify): ________________________ B9. Which of the following do you identify as the World Bank Group’s greatest WEAKNESSES in its work in Benin? (Choose no more than TWO) 1 Not sufficiently focused on sustainable results 2 Not collaborating enough with civil society (e.g., NGOs, CBOs) 3 Not enough public disclosure of its work 4 Not willing to honestly criticize policies and reform efforts in the country 5 Staff too inaccessible 6 Not collaborating enough with private sector 7 Not collaborating enough with partners such as bilaterals, multilaterals, trust funds, UN 8 Not aligned with country priorities 9 Not adequately sensitive to political/social realities in Benin 10 Too influenced by developed countries 11 World Bank Group’s processes too slow and complex 12 Not adequately flexible in changing country circumstances 13 Arrogant in its approach 14 Inadequate World Bank Group’s staffing in Benin 15 Inadequate level of real-time advice and guidance 16 Inadequate number of innovative knowledge products and services 17 Inadequate number of innovative financial products and services 18 Other (please specify): __________________________________________________ 19 Don’t know 78 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin SECTION B: OVERALL ATTITUDES TOWARD THE WORLD BANK GROUP B10. When thinking about how the World Bank Group can have the most impact on development results in Benin, which sectors do you believe the World Bank Group should prioritize with its resources (financial and knowledge services) in Benin? (Choose no more than THREE) 1 Financial markets 16 Information and communications technology Social protection (e.g., pensions, targeted social 2 17 Transport (e.g., roads, bridges, transportation) assistance) Gender equity (closing the gap between women 3 18 Agriculture and rural development and men, and boys and girls) 4 Private sector development 19 Trade and exports 5 Education 20 Crime and violence Public sector governance/reform (i.e., government 6 effectiveness, public financial management, public 21 Natural resource management (renewables) expenditure, fiscal system reform) 7 Energy 22 Judiciary reform 8 Water and sanitation 23 Economic growth 9 Pollution 24 Disaster risk management 10 Job creation/employment 25 Equality of opportunity (i.e., social inclusion) 11 Health 26 Anti-corruption 12 Global/regional integration 27 Climate change (e.g., mitigation, adaptation) 13 Nutrition/food security 28 Poverty reduction 14 Urban development 29 National debt 15 Global pandemics (e.g., COVID-19) B11. What do you immediately think of when you hear about the IFC? (Choose no more than THREE) 1 Development institution 9 Impact Investor 2 Investment Bank 10 Venture Capital 3 Asset Manager 11 Innovation and Entrepreneurship 4 Multi-lateral financial institution 12 Public-private partnerships 5 Private Sector Solutions 13 None of these 6 World Bank 14 Other (please specify): ____________________ 7 Financial Advisory Solutions 15 Do not have enough information to say 8 Thought leader 79 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin SECTION C: WORLD BANK GROUP’S WORK AND ENGAGEMENT ON THE GROUND C1. To what extent do you believe the World Bank Group’s staff is well prepared (e.g., skills mix and knowledge) to help Benin solve its most complicated development challenges? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  To no degree at To a very Don't know all significant degree C2. To what extent do you believe the World Bank Group is adequately staffed in Benin? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  To no degree at To a very Don't know all significant degree To what extent is the World Bank Group an effective development partner in Benin, in terms of each of the following? To no degree To a very significant Don't at all degree know C3 Responsiveness to needs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Flexibility (in terms of the institution’s products and C4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  services) C5 Flexibility (in terms of changing country circumstances) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  C6 Being inclusive 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  C7 Openness (sharing data and other information) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  C8 Collaboration with the Government 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  The speed in which it gets things accomplished on the C9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  ground Helping to bring discipline/effective supervision to C10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  implementation of investment projects C11 Collaboration with civil society 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  C12 Staff accessibility 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Collaboration with other donors and development C13 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  partners C14 Collaboration with the private sector 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  C15 Straightforwardness and honesty 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  C16 Treating clients and stakeholders in Benin with respect 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  C17 Being a long-term partner 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  C18 Acting with compassion and empathy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Insisting on accountability through its lending (e.g., C19 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  performance-based financing/resources tied to results) C20 Measuring results effectively 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  80 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin SECTION C: WORLD BANK GROUP’S WORK AND ENGAGEMENT ON THE GROUND To what extent do you agree/disagree with the following statements? Strongly Strongly Don't disagree agree know C21 The World Bank Group disburses funds promptly 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  The World Bank Group effectively monitors and C22 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  evaluates the projects and programs it supports The World Bank Group’s approvals and reviews are C23 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  done in a timely fashion The World Bank Group’s Environmental and Social C24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Framework requirements are reasonable The World Bank Group’s conditions on its lending are C25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  reasonable C26 The World Bank Group takes decisions quickly in Benin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Working with the World Bank Group increases Benin’s C27 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  institutional capacity To what extent do you agree/disagree with the following statements about the World Bank Group in Benin? Strongly Strongly Don't disagree agree know The World Bank Group’s financial instruments (i.e., investment lending, Development Policy Loan, Trust C28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Funds, Program-for-Results, etc.) meet the needs of Benin The World Bank Group meets Benin’s needs for C29 knowledge services (e.g., research, analysis, data, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  technical assistance) C30. The World Bank Group has provided real time advice and guidance to the government and policy makers, built on its COVID-19 “Approach Paper” published soon after the outbreak. Please rate the usefulness of this more informal advice and guidance (e.g., informal discussions, memos, informal working papers) to the Benin government’s efforts to support citizens throughout this crisis? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Not useful at all Very useful Don't know C31. How important is the World Bank Group’s global advocacy role in areas such as climate, health, gender, and debt? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Not important Very important Don't know at all 81 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin SECTION C: WORLD BANK GROUP’S WORK AND ENGAGEMENT ON THE GROUND How effectively does the World Bank Group support Benin’s efforts … ? Not effectively Very Don't at all effectively know To build stronger domestic resource mobilization C32 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  systems in the Government (e.g., tax collection) To develop better and stronger data C33 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  collection/analytics systems within the Government C34 To strengthen the country’s crisis preparedness 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  82 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin SECTION D: WORLD BANK GROUP’S SUPPORT IN DEVELOPMENT AREAS D1. How EFFECTIVE do you believe the World Bank Group is in terms of the work it does in the following areas of development in Benin? (If you have NO exposure to/experience in working in any of the sectors listed below, please respond “Don’t know”) Not effective Very Don't at all effective know Social protection (e.g., pensions, targeted social 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  assistance) 2 Private sector development 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  3 Education 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Public sector governance/reform (i.e., government 4 effectiveness, public financial management, public 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  expenditure, fiscal system reform) 5 Urban development 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  6 Energy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  7 Water and sanitation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  8 Job creation/employment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  9 Health 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  10 Agriculture and rural development 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  11 Trade and exports 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  12 Natural resource management (renewables) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  13 Climate change (e.g., mitigation, adaptation) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  14 Poverty reduction 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  15 Economic growth 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  16 Disaster risk management 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  17 Equality of opportunity (i.e., social inclusion) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  18 Information and communications technology 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  D2. The World Bank Group has provided fast track support to Benin related to the outbreak of COVID- 19 since early 2020. Please rate the World Bank Group’s effectiveness when considering this fast track support, if and as it applies to your country, in the following areas: Not effective Very Don't N/A at all effective know 1 Supporting health interventions for saving lives 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10   Education (e.g., transitioning to remote 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10   learning, ensuring access, etc.) Protecting poor people (social assistance/ 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10   social safety nets) Ensuring sustainable business growth and job 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10   creation Strengthening policies, institutions and 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10   investments for rebuilding better Macroeconomic stability and transparent debt 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10   management 83 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin SECTION E: WORLD BANK GROUP’S KNOWLEDGE WORK AND ACTIVITIES ( i.e., analysis, studies, research, data, reports, conferences) E1. How frequently do you consult World Bank Group’s knowledge work and activities in the work you do? 1 Weekly 2 Monthly 3 A few times a year 4 Rarely 5 Never In Benin, to what extent do you believe that the World Bank Group’s knowledge work and activities: To no degree To a very significant Don't at all degree know E2 Are timely 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Include appropriate level of stakeholder involvement E3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  during preparation E4 Lead to practical solutions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Are source of relevant information on global good E5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  practices E6 Are adequately disseminated 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  E7 Are translated enough into local language 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Are adaptable to Benin’s specific development E8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  challenges and country circumstances E9. Overall, how significant a contribution do you believe the World Bank Group's knowledge work and activities make to development results in your country? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Not significant at all Very significant Don't know E10. Overall, how would you rate the technical quality of the World Bank Group's knowledge work and activities? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Very low technical Very high technical Don't know quality quality 84 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin SECTION F: THE FUTURE ROLE OF THE WORLD BANK GROUP IN BENIN F1. Which of the following SHOULD the World Bank Group do to make itself of greater value in Benin? (Choose no more than TWO) 1 Engage more effectively with partners such as bilaterals, multilaterals, trust funds, UN 2 Offer more innovative financial products and services 3 Ensure greater selectivity in its work 4 Offer more innovative knowledge products and services 5 Collaborate more effectively with Government clients (e.g., national, state, local) 6 Work faster 7 Reduce the complexity of obtaining World Bank Group financing 8 Offer more real-time advice and guidance 9 Help to bring discipline/effective supervision to implementation of World Bank Group projects 10 Provide more adequate data/knowledge/statistics/figures on Benin’s economy 11 Engage more effectively with civil society (e.g., NGOs, CBOs) 12 Increase the level of capacity development in the country 13 Engage more directly with beneficiaries 14 Improve the quality of its experts as related to Benin’s specific challenges 15 Engage more effectively with private sector 16 Other (please specify): ______________________________________________ F2. In addition to the regular relations with the national government, which TWO of the following groups should the World Bank Group collaborate with more in your country? (Choose no more than TWO) 1 Donor community 7 Foundations 2 Local government 8 Media 3 Beneficiaries 9 Academia/think tanks/research institutes 4 Youth/university groups 10 Parliament 5 Private sector 11 Other (please specify): _____________________ 6 NGOs/Community Based Organizations 12 Don’t know 85 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin SECTION G: COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION SHARING G1. How frequently do you interact with the World Bank Group now in Benin? 1 Never 2 Less than once a year 3 Once a year to a few times a year 4 Less than once a month 5 At least once a month 6 At least once a week G2. How do you get most of your information about economic and social development issues in Benin? (Choose no more than TWO) 1 Local radio 6 International television 2 International radio 7 Periodicals 3 Local newspapers Social media (e.g., blogs, Facebook, Twitter, 8 4 International newspapers YouTube, Flickr) 5 Local television 9 Other (please specify): ____________________ G3. How would you prefer to receive information from the World Bank Group? (Choose no more than THREE) World Bank Group’s publications and other Direct contact with World Bank Group (i.e., face to 1 5 written materials face meetings/discussions) 2 e-Newsletters 6 World Bank Group’s website World Bank Group’s 7 Webinars or online events hosted by the World Bank 3 seminars/workshops/conferences Group Social media (e.g., blogs, Facebook, Twitter, Interviews and press conferences for the Benin’s 4 8 YouTube, Flickr) media G4. Which Internet connection do you use primarily when visiting a World Bank Group website? (Select only ONE response) 1 High speed/WiFi 2 Dial-up G5. What do you use primarily when visiting a World Bank Group website? (Select only ONE response) 1 Phone 2 Tablet 3 Computer/laptop 4 I never visit the WBG websites 86 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin SECTION G: COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION SHARING G6. Over the past SIX MONTHS, on average how often did you do any of the following related to the World Bank Group (WBG)? Every few Every few Every few Not days weeks months at all Read, viewed or heard a story about the WBG in local media 1     (newspaper, magazine, TV, radio) Read, viewed or heard a story about the WBG in global media 2     (newspaper, magazine, TV, radio) Interacted with the WBG on Social Media (e.g., read a post or 3     tweet, liked, commented, shared, retweeted) 4 Visited a WBG website (e.g., read a blog, used data)     5 Attended an event/conference hosted by the WBG     6 Watched a webinar or online event hosted by the WBG     7 Read some or all of a WBG research paper or publication     8 Met professionally with WBG staff     9 Read a WBG e-newsletter     87 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin SECTION H: BACKGROUND INFORMATION H1. Which of the following best describes your current affiliation? (Select only ONE response) 1 Office of the President, Prime Minister 12 Private Sector Organization 2 Office of Minister 13 Financial Sector/Private Bank Private Foundation (e.g., Bill & Melinda Gates 3 Office of Parliamentarian 14 Foundation, Rockefeller Foundation) Employee of Ministry, Ministerial Department, 4 15 NGO/Community Based Organization Implementation Agency Project Management Unit (PMU) overseeing implementation of WBG project/ 5 16 Trade Union Consultant/Contractor working on WBG supported project/program 6 Local Government Office or Staff 17 Faith-Based Group Independent Government Institution (i.e., regulatory 7 18 Youth Group agency, central bank/oversight institution) 8 Judicial System (e.g., courts) 19 Academia/Research Institute/Think Tank 9 State-Owned Enterprise 20 Media (press, radio, TV, web, etc.) 10 Bilateral Agency (e.g., embassy, diplomatic, military) 21 Other (please specify): _____________________ 11 Multilateral Agency (UN, regional development bank) H2. Please identify the primary specialization of your work. (Select only ONE response) 1 Poverty 13 Agriculture, rural development 2 Macroeconomics, fiscal management 14 Urban development 3 Governance, anti-corruption 15 Transport 4 Education 16 Digital development and technology (ICT) 5 Health, nutrition 17 Tourism 6 Social protection 18 Fragility, conflict, violence, refugees 7 Jobs 19 Demographics, migration 8 Energy 20 Trade and competitiveness 9 Environment, natural resources 21 Finance and markets 10 Climate change 22 Communications, public affairs 11 Water, sanitation 23 Generalist (specialized in multiple sectors) 12 Gender 24 Other (please specify): ____________________ H3. Currently, do you professionally collaborate/work with the World Bank Group (IDA, IFC, MIGA, ICSID) in Benin? 1 Yes 2 No H4. If yes, which of the following agencies of the World Bank Group do you primarily collaborate/work with in Benin? (Select only ONE response) 1 The World Bank (IDA) 2 The International Finance Corporation (IFC) 3 The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) 4 International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) 88 World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey 2021: Benin SECTION H: BACKGROUND INFORMATION H5. Do your projects involve both the World Bank and the IFC? 1 Yes 2 No H6. Which of the following describes most of your exposure to the World Bank Group in Benin? (Choose no more than TWO) 1 Observer (i.e., follow in media, discuss in informal conversations, etc.) 2 Use World Bank Group reports/data 3 Engage in World Bank Group related/sponsored events/activities 4 Collaborate as part of my professional duties 5 Use World Bank Group website for information, data, research, etc. H7. What’s your gender? 1 Female 2 Male H8. What’s your age? 1 25 and under 2 26-35 3 36-45 4 46-55 5 56 and above H9. Which best represents your geographic location? 1 Cotonou 2 Porto-Novo 3 Lokossa 4 Abomey 5 Parakou 6 Natitingou 7 Other cities (please specify): ________________________ 8 Rural areas (please specify): ________________________ Thank you for completing the survey! 89