MAIN MESSAGES ABOUT THE COVID-19 Poverty and Equity Global Practice RECOVERY PHASE IN ARGENTINA 1 The share on employed population in June 2021 was similar to the pre-pandemic levels (Feb 2020). However, 13.5 percent of those who had a job before the pandemic started, have lost their job by June 2021. Women and low skilled workers were the most affected. 2 Although the share of employed in June MAIN MESSAGES 2021 was similar to the pre-pandemic levels, more than half of the households reported a drop in labor income. 3 Food insecurity has doubled when compared with pre pandemic levels and has not improved with respect to May 2020. 4 School-age children were mainly attending virtual classes, but 5 percent were not attending presential or virtual classes. 5 Household chores increased MAIN MESSAGES disproportionally for women. The increase on time spent in education and schoolwork help to children is the highest of the region. 6 Reported mental health impacts are among the highest in the region, particularly for women. COVID-19 IN ARGENTINA: THE WORST OF THE PANDEMIC HIT IN APR-JUNE 2021. VACCINATION RATES ARE IMPROVING STEADILY Cases per million people Percentage vaccinated people Deaths per million people (with at least one dose) Source: Our world in data. THE WORLD BANK AND UNDP LAC - HIGH FREQUENCY PHONE SURVEY Antigua & Barbuda DATA HIGHLIGTHS Argentina Belize Real-time data collected to monitor the impact of the Bolivia Chile pandemic through different channels Colombia Standardized questionnaires in 24 countries of the region Costa Rica Dominica allow to cross-country analysis. Dominican Republic 5 waves of data were collected to understand the impact of 24 countries Ecuador El Salvador the crisis across time Guatemala Guyana Haiti SURVEY MODULES Honduras Jamaica Health Employment Education Gender Food Security México Nicaragua Panamá Paraguay Digital Education Income Migration Dwelling Perú Santa Lucía Uruguay THE WORLD BANK AND UNDP LAC - HIGH FREQUENCY PHONE SURVEY First round Second round Quarantine declared Second Third Second First wave First wave wave wave wave 2020 2021 May August June March June/July October The sample is nationally representative of individuals ages 18 or more who have access to a phone High Frequency Phone Survey June, 2021 RESULTS OF THE HFS Argentina LABOR MARKETS % of individuals Haiti Colombia Panama Honduras Brazil Ecuador Chile Peru Costa Rica Belice Pepublica Dominicana Uruguay Paraguay Jamaica Argentina 13.5% BETWEEN FEB 2020 AND JUNE 2021 Guyana Dominica IS BELOW THE AVERAGE FOR THE REGION St Lucia SHARE OF PEOPLE WHO LOST THEIR PRE -PANDEMIC JOB Mexico Bolivia Nicaragua SHARE OF INDIVIDUALS REPORTING JOB LOSSES Guatemala El Salvador FEMALE WORKERS HAVE DISPROPORTIONALLY EXPERIENCED JOB LOSSES Since the pandemic started, women have GENDER GAP IN JOB LOSSES reported higher levels of job losses. (percentage points) The gender gap in job losses has deepened with time 15 INDIVIDUALS WORKING, BY GENDER FEB 2020 JUN 2021 7 4 3 Female Male Female 43% 54% 46% Male 57% MAY, 2020 JUL, 2020 AUG, 2020 JUN, 2021 Note: gender gap is measured as the difference between women and men job losses rate INFORMAL, LOW-SKILL AND URBAN WORKERS WERE THE MOST AFFECTED BY THE PANDEMIC JOB LOSSES, BY EDUCATION LEVEL, AREA AND EMPLOYMENT FORMALITY 25% 21% 20% 17% % of individuals 16% 15% 14% 12% 10% 7% 7% 5% 0% Primary or less Secondary Terciary or Rural Urban Formal Informal higher Education Area Employment formality FORMAL EMPLOYMENT HAS DECREASED, MAINLY FOR MEN P E R CENTAGE OF T H E P OP U LAT ION H AV IN G A J O B, B Y G E N D E R P E R CENTAGE OF T H E P OP U LAT ION H AV ING A F OR MA L J OB, B Y GE ND E R 81% 82% 80% 80% 72% 70% 64% 61% % of individuals 58% 60% 55% 54% 50% % of individuals 60% 45% 44% 40% 40% 20% 20% 0% 0% Female Male Total Female Male Total Feb-20 Jun-21 Feb-20 Jun-21 HOUSEHOLD INCOME REDUCTION IN INCOME WAS MORE PREVALENT AMONG HOUSEHOLDS HAVING INCOME FROM BUSINESS LABOR INCOME LOSSES (FEB 2020 VS JUNE 2021) 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Wage Own/Family business Agricultural activities Total labor income Income source % HH that report receiving income % HH that report a reduction of income 17% OF HOUSEHOLDS REPORTED A REDUCTION ON INCOME FROM GOV TRANSFERS WHILE 32% OF THE HOUSEHOLDS RECEIVED EMERGENCY TRANSFERS REGULAR AND EMERGENCY GOVERMENT TRANSFERS 40% 32% 30% % of households 21% 21% 20% 17% 10% 0% February, 2020 June, 2021 Received Regular Government Transfers Report reduction of income Received Emergency from Regular Government Government Transfers Transfers (after Feb, 2020) (Jun 2021 v. Feb 2020) FOOD SECURITY % households 10% 20% 30% 40% 0% Belice Jamaica Guyana Colombia Ecuador Dominica St Lucia Antigua y Barbuda Haiti Panama Peru Pepublica Dominicana Costa Rica Guatemala Argentina Uruguay Paraguay Mexico Nicaragua Honduras SHARE OF HOUSEHOLDS THAT RAN OUT OF FOOD, BY COUNTRY Bolivia A LEVEL COMPARABLE WITH SIMILAR COUNTRIES El Salvador Chile 10% OF THE POPULATION REPORT FOOD INSECURITY, THE PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS EXPERIENCING FOOD INSECURITY HAS DOUBLED SHARE OF HOUSEHOLDS THAT RAN OUT OF FOOD (FEB 2020 VS MAY 2021) 30% 23% 20% % of households 20% 10% 10% 9% 0% Ran out of food Ran out of food An adult did not eat An adult could not for an entire day eat healthy and nutritious food Feb-20 May-21 % households that ran out of food 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Chile El Salvador Bolivia Honduras Nicaragua Mexico Paraguay Uruguay Argentina Feb-20 Guatemala Costa Rica May-21 Pepublica Dominicana Peru Panama Haiti % Difference Antigua y Barbuda St Lucia Dominica ARGENTINA IS SIMILAR TO ITS NEIGHBORS Ecuador Colombia Guyana Jamaica Belice INCREASE IN FOOD SECURITY WITH THE PANDEMIC IN 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% EDUCATION SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN ARE MAINLY ATTENDING VIRTUAL CLASSES SCHOOL ATTENDANCE 96.1% 98.2% 100% 93.9% 80% % of kids in school age 60% 40% 19.7% 20% 0% Attendance Enrollment Attendance (in person or Attendance in person Feb 2020 June 2021 virtually) June 2021 June 2021 Enrollment and attendance % households using internet for education 0% 40% 60% 80% 20% Haití Guatemala Paraguay Dominica Antigua & Barbuda Argentina Panama St Lucia Mexico Jamaica Nicaragua Guyana Uruguay Belize Bolivia El Salvador Costa Rica USE OF INTERNET FOR ONLINE EDUCATION Ecuador Chile RANKED AMONG THE LOWEST IN THE REGION República Dominicana Colombia Honduras Peru REPORT OF INTERNET USE FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES HOUSEHOLD RESPONSIBILITIES HOUSEHOLD TASKS HAVE INCREASED, PARTICULARLY FOR WOMEN. EDUCATION HELP AND SUPPORT TO SCHOOLWORK ARE AMONG THE ACTIVITIES THAT EXPERIENCED THE LARGEST INCREASES S H A RE OF R E S P ONDE NTS W H O E X P E RIENCED A N INC R E ASE IN H O U S EH O L D TA S K S ( F E B, 2 0 2 0 V S J U NE , 2 0 2 1 ) 80% 60% % of individuals 40% 20% 0% Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Argentina Average LAC HEALTH Mental health score 0.00 0.10 0.30 0.40 0.20 Guyana Guatemala República Dominicana El Salvador Jamaica Antigua & Barbuda Belize Panama Uruguay Nicaragua St Lucia Honduras Colombia (FROM 0 TO 1) Mexico Dominica Costa Rica Argentina AVERAGE SCORE OF 5 MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES Bolivia Paraguay Ecuador ARE SIGNIFICANT COMPARED WITH THE REGION Haití Peru REPORTS OF MENTAL HEALTH IMPACTS IN ARGENTINA Chile WOMEN REPORT SUFFERING HEALTH ISSUES AT A HIGHER RATE THAN MEN AVERAGE SCORE OF 5 MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES (FROM 0 TO 1), MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES, BY GENDER BY GENDER 0.30 feelings of loneliness 0.28 0.23 conflicts or arguments with others Mental health score 0.20 0.19 aggressive attitudes or irritability with other household members anxiety, nervousness or worry 0.10 difficulty sleeping 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 0.00 Total Male Female Females Males Total ANNEX 1- OTHER RESULTS % of users 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% Haití Guyana Dominica Guatemala Jamaica Antigua & Barbuda Belize Panama República Dominicana Paraguay Bolivia El Salvador Honduras Nicaragua Mexico U S E OF INT E R NE T F OR R E MOT E WOR K St Lucia Ecuador ABOVE THE AVERAGE FOR THE REGION Argentina Uruguay Colombia THE USE OF INTERNET FOR REMOTE WORK IS Costa Rica Peru Chile MOBILE MONEY AND ONLINE TRANSACTIONS HAVE INCREASED U S E OF MOB IL E MONE Y A ND BA NK INC R E ASE ON ONL INE T R A NS ACTIONS AC C OUNT ( J U NE , 2 0 2 1 ) F E B 2 0 2 0 V S J U NE 2 0 2 1 80% 80% 60% 60% 56.6% 54.8% 48.4% % of users % of users 40% 35.1% 40% 20% 12.0% 20% 0% Users of mobile New users of Have a bank wallet mobile wallet account and did 0% (Before the (June 2021) not have it Use of mobile banking for Use of apps/webpage for pandemic) before the transactions transactions pandemic Indicate an increase in % of new user of mobile wallet 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0% Haití Paraguay Nicaragua Mexico Honduras Guyana El Salvador República Dominicana Panama Costa Rica Chile Brazil Argentina F E B, 2 0 2 0 V S J U NE , 2 0 2 1 Bolivia Guatemala S H A RE OF NE W U S E RS OF M O B IL E WA L L E T Ecuador Dominica Peru IS CLOSE TO THE AVERAGE OF THE REGION Belize Uruguay Colombia THE NUMBER OF NEW USERS OF MOBILE WALLET St Lucia THE SHARE OF RESPONDENTS WHO INDICATE AN INCREASE IN THE USE OF MOBILE BANKING IS THE HIGHEST OF THE REGION S H A RE OF R E S P ONDE NTS W H O IND IC ATE A N INC R E ASE IN T H E U S E OF MOB I L E BA NK ING F OR T R A NSACTIONS 60% 40% % of users 20% 0% Ecuador Peru El Salvador Dominica Guatemala Honduras Chile Haití St Lucia Uruguay Mexico Paraguay Bolivia Argentina Costa Rica Antigua & Barbuda Guyana Nicaragua Belize Panama Jamaica Brazil Colombia República Dominicana THE INCREASE IN THE USE OF APPS/WEBPAGE FOR TRANSACTIONS IS ABOVE THE AVERAGE FOR THE REGION S H A RE OF R E S P ONDE NTS W H O IND IC ATE A N INC R E ASE IN T H E U S E OF A P P S/WE BPAGE F OR T R A NSACT IONS 80% 60% % of users 40% 20% 0% Ecuador Peru El Salvador Dominica Chile Honduras Argentina Belize Brazil Mexico Uruguay Paraguay St Lucia Panama Haití Guatemala Colombia Bolivia Costa Rica Jamaica Guyana Antigua & Barbuda Nicaragua República Dominicana