79259 THE LITTLE DATA BOOK 2013 ON PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT © 2013 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 16 15 14 13 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. Note that The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content included in the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of the content contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. 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License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 Translations —If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. ISBN (paper): 978-0-8213-9818-0 ISBN (electronic): 978-0-8213-9819-7 DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9818-0 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 is a product of the Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Investment Climate Department of the Financial and Private Sector Development Vice Presidency of the World Bank. Design by Communications Development Incorporated, Washington, D.C. Contents Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v Data notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi Regional tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 East Asia and Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Europe and Central Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Middle East and North Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 South Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Income group tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Low income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Middle income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Lower middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Upper middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Low and middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 High income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Euro area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Country tables (in alphabetical order) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 iii Acknowledgments The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 is based on World Development Indicators 2013 and its accompanying online tables, with a focus on the private sector in development. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 is the result of close collaboration between the staff of the World Bank’s Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Investment Climate Department of the Financial and Private Sector Development Vice Presidency. The Development Data Group team included Liu Cui, Federico Escaler, Buyant Erdene Khaltarkhuu, William Prince, and Jomo Tariku. The Investment Climate Department’s team included Ryan Hahn and Nathalie David. The work was carried out under the management of Shaida Badiee, director of the Development Data Group, and Pierre Guislain, director of the Investment Climate Department. Azita Amjadi and Alison Kwong coordinated all stages of production. Staff from World Bank Office of the Publisher oversaw publication and dissemination of the book. iv 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Preface Access to reliable cross-country data on private sector development is crucial when formulating responses to economic crises. When downturns affect exports, investment, and growth negatively, making life easier for business is a significant step toward economic recovery. This has become obvious during the global financial crisis as governments have tried to stimulate economic growth through the creation of more robust private and finance markets. Improving the investment climate facilitates economic adjustment as it helps attract capital to create jobs and provide basic services. Unsurprisingly, the availability of cross-country data on the business environment has rapidly expanded in recent years, including data from the World Bank Group’s Doing Business project, Enterprise Surveys, and the Entrepreneurship Snapshots. The data sources presented in this book report on the scope and types of regulations that enhance—and constrain—business activity and provide information on business owners’ assessment of the business environment. The data have led to new research, enabled benchmarking, and informed the reform process in many developing countries. For more information, please visit the Business Environment Snapshots at http://rru.worldbank .org/besnapshots/. Included in this guide are indicators on the economic and social context, the investment climate, private sector investment, finance and banking, and infrastructure. Though a pocket guide cannot include all relevant variables, the indicators that are included provide users with a general understanding of the private sector in each country. Indicators displayed in the tables are defined in the glossary, which also lists data sources. We welcome your suggestions on how to improve future editions and make them more useful. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 v Data notes The data in this book are for 2005 and 2011 or the most recent year unless otherwise noted in the table or the glossary. • Growth rates are proportional changes from the previous year unless otherwise noted. • Regional aggregates include data for low- and middle-income economies only. • Figures in italics indicate data for years or periods other than those specified. Symbols used: .. indicates that data are not available or that aggregates cannot be calculated because of missing data. 0 or 0.0 indicates zero or small enough that the number would round to zero at the displayed number of decimal places. $ indicates current U.S. dollars. Lettered notes on some country tables can be found in the notes on page 232. Data are shown for economies with populations greater than 30,000 or for smaller economies if they are members of the World Bank. The term country (used interchangeably with economy) does not imply political independence or official recognition by the World Bank but refers to any economy for which the authorities report separate social or economic statistics. vi 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Regional tables The country composition of regions is based on the World Bank’s analytical regions and may differ from common geographic usage. East Asia and Pacific American Samoa, Cambodia, China, Fiji, Indonesia, Kiribati, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Palau, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Vietnam Europe and Central Asia Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan Latin America and the Caribbean Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Uruguay, República Bolivariana de Venezuela Middle East and North Africa Algeria, Djibouti, Arab Republic of Egypt, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, West Bank and Gaza, Republic of Yemen South Asia Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Sub-Saharan Africa Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 1 World 2005 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6,502.8 6,974.2 Labor force (millions) 3,022.0 3,264.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.1 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,110 9,514 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.0 2.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.7 26.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.4 16.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.2 70.9 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.8 29.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.9 29.8 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 50 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 330 267 Time to export (days) 27 22 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.0 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.4 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.0 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.2 19.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 82.7 91.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.6 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.5 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 131.9 128.8 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.6 6.1 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 24,229 30,123 Paved roads (% of total roads) 46.0 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,660 2,975 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 33.9 85.5 Individuals using the Internet (%) 15.8 32.7 2 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific 2005 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,892.7 1,974.2 Labor force (millions) 1,061.0 1,129.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.0 4.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,618 4,248 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.2 11.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 46.0 44.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 31.2 28.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 41.8 43.9 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.1 39.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.2 35.3 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 57 37 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 309 227 Time to export (days) 26 23 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.3 3.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.8 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 92,906 6,113 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.2 3.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 35.6 39.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.8 21.0 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 50.3 53.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 99.7 115.3 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.5 5.5 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 2,220 4,002 Paved roads (% of total roads) 15.9 50.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,471 2,337 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 28.3 80.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 8.3 33.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 3 Europe & Central Asia 2005 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 399.0 408.1 Labor force (millions) 178.5 190.4. Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.1 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,711 7,734 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.8 7.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.6 33.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.6 17.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.6 58.8 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.7 34.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.1 34.7 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 37 15 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 459 268 Time to export (days) 37 28 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.9 2.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.0 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 57,518 34,125 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.2 3.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.7 22.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.7 18.5 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. 26.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 28.5 41.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.2 11.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.6 11.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 26.4 47.2 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.8 7.1 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 790 1,327 Paved roads (% of total roads) 86.8 86.2 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,718 4,059 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 61.6 132.5 Individuals using the Internet (%) 12.9 42.1 4 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean 2005 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 549.6 589.0 Labor force (millions) 252.2 283.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.5 7.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,427 8,574 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.1 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.5 32.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.3 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.4 61.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.2 23.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.7 23.7 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 80 58 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 9 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 441 400 Time to export (days) 22 17 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.5 3.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.8 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 143,338 46,469 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.8 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.3 15.0 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 31.2 40.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.1 10.1 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.6 2.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 25.9 44.7 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.9 7.6 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 1,609 2,245 Paved roads (% of total roads) 26.3 23.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,735 1,973 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 43.1 107.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 16.5 39.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 5 Middle East & North Africa 2005 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 303.3 336.5 Labor force (millions) 95.3 107.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.8 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,197 3,866 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.9 .. Industry value added (% of GDP) 43.0 .. Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.3 .. Services value added (% of GDP) 46.0 .. Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.5 .. Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.9 .. Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 39 25 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 280 253 Time to export (days) 30 23 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.5 3.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.5 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 13,435 3,870 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.9 1.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.6 .. Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.8 .. Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 53.1 64.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 31.3 35.1 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.0 5.0 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 361 500 Paved roads (% of total roads) 70.6 85.5 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,317 1,658 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 22.2 88.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 8.6 26.9 6 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development South Asia 2005 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,517.1 1,656.5 Labor force (millions) 614.2 652.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.5 3.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 692 1,313 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 19.2 18.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.9 26.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.9 15.1 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.9 55.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.1 22.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.1 29.8 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 38 19 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 305 311 Time to export (days) 36 32 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.2 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.1 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 44,830 41,944 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.0 1.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.3 27.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 21.3 21.2 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) 61.2 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 50.7 61.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.4 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 8.3 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 37.7 46.1 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.2 6.0 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 420 847 Paved roads (% of total roads) 56.1 45.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 421 555 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.7 68.8 Individuals using the Internet (%) 2.5 9.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 7 Sub-Saharan Africa 2005 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 754.4 874.8 Labor force (millions) 293.5 347.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 767 1,258 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 16.7 12.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.3 30.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.2 11.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.1 57.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.7 33.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.1 37.2 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 60 32 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 339 315 Time to export (days) 39 31 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.4 3.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 19.4 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 24,617 9,040 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.0 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.1 20.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.9 12.8 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 33.5 44.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 64.3 61.4 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.7 9.1 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 380 566 Paved roads (% of total roads) 18.7 16.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 544 553 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.0 53.3 Individuals using the Internet (%) 2.3 12.7 8 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Income group tables For operational and analytical purposes the World Bank’s main criterion for classifying economies is gross national income (GNI) per capita. Every economy in The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development is classified as low income, middle income, or high income. Low- and middle-income economies are sometimes referred to as developing economies. The use of the term is convenient; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing similar development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of development. Classification by income does not necessarily reflect development status. Low-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $1,025 or less in 2011. Middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of more than $1,025 but less than $12,476. Lower-middle-income and upper-middle- income economies are separated at a GNI per capita of $4,035. High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $12,476 or more. Euro area includes the member states of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union that have adopted the euro as their currency: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and Spain. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 9 Low income 2005 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 721.2 816.8 Labor force (millions) 320.8 374.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 342 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 28.1 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.9 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.5 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 48.0 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.4 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.9 42.4 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 61 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 302 286 Time to export (days) 45 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.9 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 4,648 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.4 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.7 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.7 16.0 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 27.4 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 20.3 30.1 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.2 10.7 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 164 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) 16.4 18.5 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 216 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.7 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.1 6.0 10 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Middle income 2005 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4,694.9 5,022.4 Labor force (millions) 2,173.8 2,335.8 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.1 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,924 4,148 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.1 9.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.3 35.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.3 20.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.6 54.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.4 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.6 30.3 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 56 35 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 388 313 Time to export (days) 28 22 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.1 2.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.8 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 387,058 154,881 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.2 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.2 27.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.0 18.0 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 40.8 49.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.8 10.1 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 5.2 3.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 54.1 75.3 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.1 6.5 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 5,615 9,188 Paved roads (% of total roads) 39.9 53.5 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,376 1,823 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 26.8 86.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 8.0 27.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 11 Lower middle income 2005 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2,308.4 2,532.7 Labor force (millions) 925.9 1,002.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.4 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 898 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 17.8 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.3 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.5 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.0 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.7 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.4 34.6 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 52 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 390 308 Time to export (days) 32 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.1 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 90,778 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.4 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.1 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 19.4 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 44.2 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.6 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 7.2 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 33.0 40.4 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.0 8.0 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 1,274 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 32.2 47.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 560 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.6 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 4.0 16.2 12 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Upper middle income South Asia Low income 2005 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2,386.5 2,489.7 Labor force (millions) 1,248.0 1,333.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.9 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,916 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.0 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 38.7 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.3 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.3 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.2 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.8 29.0 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 60 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 385 318 Time to export (days) 24 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.2 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 298,169 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.4 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.2 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.3 17.7 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 39.8 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.4 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.6 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 60.0 84.5 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.5 5.6 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 4,342 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 49.4 57.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,156 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 39.6 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 11.8 38.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 13 Low & middle income 2005 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5,416.1 5,839.2 Labor force (millions) 2,494.7 2,710.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.0 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,714 3,652 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.6 9.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.0 35.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.0 19.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.4 54.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.1 30.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.7 30.6 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 57 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 367 306 Time to export (days) 32 26 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.3 3.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.3 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 321,721 128,759 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.2 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.1 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.0 17.9 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 40.5 49.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.8 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.3 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 53.4 74.5 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.8 6.9 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 5,779 9,487 Paved roads (% of total roads) 29.6 42.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,259 1,661 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 23.9 80.0 Individuals using the Internet (%) 7.0 24.3 14 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development High income 2005 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,086.7 1,135.0 Labor force (millions) 527.4 554.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.7 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 34,027 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.5 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.8 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.6 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 72.7 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.7 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.3 29.6 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 27 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 215 163 Time to export (days) 13 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.2 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 6.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.4 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) 46.1 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 94.9 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.8 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.9 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 153.3 157.0 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.1 .. Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 18,450 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 87.3 87.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 9,385 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 84.1 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 59.3 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 15 Euro area 2005 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 324.4 332.9 Labor force (millions) 153.8 160.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.0 10.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 31,729 38,661 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.8 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.6 26.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.3 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 71.6 72.1 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.0 43.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.3 42.1 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 29 13 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 225 163 Time to export (days) 13 10 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.8 1.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 12.7 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 5.1 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.7 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.2 19.1 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) 59.5 83.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 85.4 108.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.9 5.6 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.3 5.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 109.3 131.8 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.5 .. Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 4,124 4,175 Paved roads (% of total roads) 91.8 87.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,836 6,847 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 98.1 125.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 51.4 73.4 16 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Country tables China Data for China do not include data for Hong Kong SAR, China; Macao SAR, China; or Taiwan, China. Cyprus GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP refer to the area controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus. France Data for Mayotte, to which a reference appeared in previous editions, are included in data for France. Georgia GNI, GDP, and population data and data calculated using GNI, GDP, and population exclude Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Kosovo, Montenegro, and Serbia Montenegro declared independence from Serbia and Montenegro on June 3, 2006. Where available, data for each country are shown separately. However, some indicators for Serbia prior to 2006 include data for Montenegro. Moreover, data for most indicators for Serbia from 1999 onward exclude data for Kosovo, which in 1999 became a territory under international administration pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999). Kosovo became a member of the World Bank on June 29, 2009, and its data are shown where available. Moldova GNI, GDP, and population data and data calculated using GNI, GDP, and population exclude Transnistria. Morocco GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP include Former Spanish Sahara. South Sudan and Sudan South Sudan declared its independence on July 9, 2011. Data are shown separately for South Sudan where available. However, data reported for Sudan include South Sudan unless otherwise noted. Tanzania GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP refer to mainland Tanzania only. For more information, see World Development Indicators 2013 or data. worldbank.org. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 17 Afghanistan South Asia Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 29.9 35.3 817 Labor force (millions) 7.6 9.4 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.5 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 210 470 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 6.2 10.3 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 31.8 20.8 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.4 22.5 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.9 13.1 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.9 56.6 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 12.1 5.7 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 49.7 45.4 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.6 18.1 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 102.5 63.4 42.4 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 168 Time to start a business (days) 9 7 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 4 4 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 275 275 286 Time to export (days) 67 74 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.0 2.0 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 2.2 2.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.1 0.1 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 468 5 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.3 0.4 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 46.1 25.4 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 9.9 8.2 16.0 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.8 4.8 30.1 Real interest rate (%) 10.1 2.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.7 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. 25 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) 27.5 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.3 54.3 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.2 5.0 6.0 18 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Albania Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 31.0 32.0 2,533 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.5 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 13.5 13.8 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,580 3,980 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 5.3 4.9 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.8 18.6 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.5 15.8 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 0.0 15.8 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.7 65.5 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.4 3.5 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 99.9 100.9 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.3 33.8 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.3 56.0 34.6 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 85 Time to start a business (days) 41 4 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 4 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 364 357 308 Time to export (days) 21 19 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.0 2.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.6 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.2 2.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 1.0 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.9 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 82.0 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 52.6 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 37.0 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 25.6 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 19.8 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 893 92 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.1 10.6 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.6 25.3 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.0 20.7 19.4 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 52.1 66.7 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.4 8.7 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.3 18.8 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 14.9 39.3 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 9.3 9.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.0 6.6 8.0 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 4 11 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 39.0 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,651 1,770 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 33.9 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 48.7 96.4 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 6.0 49.0 16.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 19 Algeria Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 32.9 36.0 2,490 Labor force (millions) 10.0 11.5 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 15.3 10.0 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,720 4,470 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 5.1 2.6 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.2 6.9 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 61.3 62.1 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.9 5.6 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 30.5 31.0 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.4 4.5 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 73.3 72.9 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 47.6 30.8 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.3 21.5 29.0 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 152 Time to start a business (days) 25 25 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 14 14 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 451 451 318 Time to export (days) 15 17 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.5 2.5 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.6 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 4.9 4.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 0.2 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 25.1 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 15.0 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 66.8 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 8.9 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 49.1 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 5.0 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 4,912 214 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.1 1.4 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.3 38.3 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.5 .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.8 43.4 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 12.1 14.8 84.5 Real interest rate (%) –7.3 –3.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.1 6.3 5.6 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 46 53 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 70.2 77.1 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 898 1,026 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 3.3 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 41.5 99.0 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 5.8 14.0 38.2 20 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development American Samoa East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.06 0.07 2,490 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.0 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 40 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 318 Time to export (days) .. .. 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 84.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.6 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 3.6 .. 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) .. .. 38.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 21 Andorra High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.08 0.09 1,135 Labor force (millions) .. .. 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 32,650 .. 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 7.1 3.7 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.6 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 163 Time to export (days) .. .. 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 157.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 82.9 75.5 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 37.6 81.0 75.8 22 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Angola Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 16.5 19.6 2,490 Labor force (millions) 6.1 7.4 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,240 3,830 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 9.6 10.5 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.5 9.3 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 67.1 62.1 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.1 6.0 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 24.4 28.6 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 23.0 13.5 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 80.4 93.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 86.0 65.0 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.6 43.3 29.0 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 172 Time to start a business (days) 119 68 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 8 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 272 282 318 Time to export (days) 64 48 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 6.2 6.2 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.6 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 7.1 12.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 14.8 34.2 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 77.7 41.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 2.1 13.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 60.2 7.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 5.0 21.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 324 136 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –4.3 –2.9 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 8.8 11.4 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 3.3 2.8 17.7 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 12.4 .. 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.0 .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 10.4 .. 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 5.6 21.1 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 33.2 –4.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 54.3 12.4 5.6 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 5 17 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 129 248 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 6.5 4.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 9.8 48.4 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.1 14.8 38.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 23 Antigua and Barbuda Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.08 0.09 2,490 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,810 11,940 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.9 –1.7 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.0 2.3 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.2 18.4 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.0 1.8 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 81.8 79.4 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.1 3.5 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.4 48.0 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 68.1 57.6 29.0 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 63 Time to start a business (days) 31 21 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 8 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 184 207 318 Time to export (days) 13 16 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.0 3.0 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 26.0 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 4.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 6.1 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 78.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 49.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 6.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 3.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 22.1 5.2 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 29.3 29.5 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 91.6 97.1 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 61.6 78.0 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 6.8 8.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.5 7.5 5.6 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 27 37 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 33.0 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 102.5 196.4 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 34.7 82.0 38.2 24 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Argentina Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 38.7 40.8 2,490 Labor force (millions) 17.7 18.7 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.6 7.2 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,480 .. 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 2.2 .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.4 10.6 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.6 30.8 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.2 20.6 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.0 58.5 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 9.6 .. 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.9 4.1 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.1 21.8 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.2 19.5 29.0 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 124 Time to start a business (days) 30 26 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 14 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 453 405 318 Time to export (days) 16 13 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.8 2.8 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 2.7 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 13.5 11.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.5 0.5 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 14.1 20.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 4.3 8.7 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 56.1 68.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 6.9 30.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 46.2 54.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 26.9 18.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 10,659 2,551 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.9 1.9 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.5 22.6 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.1 .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 23.2 20.6 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.9 11.6 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 5.2 1.2 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 11.7 16.6 84.5 Real interest rate (%) –2.5 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.4 3.4 5.6 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 81 97 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 30.0 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,422 2,904 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 0.5 1.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 57.3 134.9 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 17.7 47.7 38.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 25 Armenia Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.1 3.1 2,533 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.5 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 28.4 .. 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,470 3,360 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 12.3 2.7 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 20.9 20.7 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 45.3 37.1 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.8 10.6 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 33.8 42.2 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 0.6 7.7 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 457.7 372.5 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.8 23.5 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.2 48.1 34.6 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 32 Time to start a business (days) 18 8 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 3 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 580 380 308 Time to export (days) 34 13 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.9 1.9 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.0 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 2.3 2.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.1 1.1 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.1 10.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 70.5 13.3 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 44.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 44.6 31.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 2.5 16.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 6.3 26.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 454 73 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.9 6.5 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 29.8 30.9 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 25.2 19.4 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 9.8 20.4 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 21.5 17.2 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.9 3.4 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.0 35.0 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 14.3 13.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.2 8.5 8.0 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 6 6 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 90.0 93.6 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,479 1,606 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 0.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 10.4 103.6 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 5.3 32.0 16.2 26 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Aruba High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.10 0.11 1,135 Labor force (millions) .. .. 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.7 .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) –0.8 .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.4 4.4 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.8 .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.6 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 163 Time to export (days) .. .. 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 13.7 .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 54.3 69.1 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 57.0 .. 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 9.8 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.6 8.0 .. Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 102.4 122.6 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 25.4 57.1 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 27 Australia High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 20.4 22.3 1,135 Labor force (millions) 10.6 11.9 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.0 5.1 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 30,290 49,790 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.4 2.7 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.3 2.3 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.8 19.8 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.8 9.3 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.0 77.9 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.7 3.4 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.3 1.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.1 21.3 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.6 19.8 29.6 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 10 Time to start a business (days) 2 2 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 2 2 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 107 109 163 Time to export (days) 9 9 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.0 1.0 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 26.0 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 88.3 94.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 6.4 6.2 6.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –3.5 4.9 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.9 26.5 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) 22.6 30.7 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 72.6 98.9 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.2 5.7 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.2 2.0 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 109.0 127.8 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 5.0 1.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.2 3.4 .. Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 343 489 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 41.6 43.5 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 10,458 10,286 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 90.3 108.3 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 63.0 79.0 75.8 28 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Austria High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.2 8.4 1,135 Labor force (millions) 4.1 4.4 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.2 4.1 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 37,210 48,170 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 1.7 1.2 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.6 1.5 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.3 29.0 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.4 19.1 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.1 69.4 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.3 3.3 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.8 57.3 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.9 54.0 29.6 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 29 Time to start a business (days) 25 25 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 8 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 170 170 163 Time to export (days) 9 8 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.1 1.1 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.0 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 3.6 3.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 0.6 6.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 26.7 3.8 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.9 21.4 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) 67.5 75.0 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 89.1 95.0 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.8 7.2 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.6 2.7 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 115.6 119.8 157.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 142 194 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,978 8,356 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 105.3 154.8 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 58.0 79.8 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 29 Azerbaijan Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.4 9.2 2,490 Labor force (millions) 4.0 4.7 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.1 5.4 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,270 5,290 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 12.7 13.0 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.9 5.8 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 63.6 66.8 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.0 5.8 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 26.5 27.4 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 9.7 7.9 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.9 0.8 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.9 62.8 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.9 24.2 29.0 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 67 Time to start a business (days) 113 8 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 6 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 756 214 318 Time to export (days) 43 38 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.7 2.7 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 12.9 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 5.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 0.6 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.2 3.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 68.4 43.2 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 40.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 0.4 19.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 2.0 9.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 10.3 18.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 731 88 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 33.8 7.1 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 41.3 17.2 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 37.5 3.9 17.7 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. 6.4 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 10.0 13.4 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 21.5 .. 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.5 18.0 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 0.8 1.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.5 8.1 5.6 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 12 15 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 50.6 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,407 1,603 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 0.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 26.1 108.7 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 8.0 50.0 38.2 30 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Bahamas, The High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.32 0.35 1,135 Labor force (millions) 0.17 0.20 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.2 13.7 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 24,410 21,970 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 1.3 –0.8 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.2 2.2 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.4 16.0 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.5 3.9 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 82.4 81.8 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.6 3.2 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.2 43.4 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.0 56.5 29.6 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 77 Time to start a business (days) 31 31 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 58 58 163 Time to export (days) 16 19 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 5.0 5.0 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 33.0 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 3.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 10.9 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 67.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 14.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 14.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 31.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.3 7.6 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.2 26.0 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) 30.0 .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 59.5 78.1 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 64.3 85.4 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 0.5 6.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.3 2.4 .. Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 33 25 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 71.3 86.1 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 25.0 65.0 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 31 Bahrain High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.72 1.3 1,135 Labor force (millions) 0.34 0.75 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.0 .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 17,400 15,920 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 6.1 5.8 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.6 –0.4 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.4 0.4 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 99.5 81.3 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 76.4 58.8 29.6 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 42 Time to start a business (days) 9 9 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 36 36 163 Time to export (days) 14 11 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.5 2.5 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.8 0.7 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 26.6 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) 23.6 .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 64.6 90.2 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 51.8 75.9 157.0 Real interest rate (%) –3.0 –5.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.7 5.8 .. Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 32 59 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 80.3 82.1 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 11,667 9,814 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 105.8 128.0 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 21.3 77.0 75.8 32 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Bangladesh South Asia Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 140.6 150.5 817 Labor force (millions) 65.2 73.9 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.3 5.0 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 480 780 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 5.4 6.2 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 20.1 18.3 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.2 28.2 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.5 17.6 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.6 53.5 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 7.0 10.7 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 61.5 71.2 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.6 22.9 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.0 31.6 42.4 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 129 Time to start a business (days) 50 19 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 7 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 400 302 286 Time to export (days) 35 25 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 4.0 4.0 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.7 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 5.3 9.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.1 0.1 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.2 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 54.4 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 46.6 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 24.7 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 50.3 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 7.8 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 1,796 817 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.3 0.7 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.5 25.2 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 19.5 16.0 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) 36.2 .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 39.8 54.2 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.7 .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 13.2 .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 33.8 48.8 30.1 Real interest rate (%) 8.5 5.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.9 3.2 10.7 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 7 22 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) 9.5 9.5 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 175 279 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 100.7 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.4 56.1 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.2 5.0 6.0 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 33 Barbados High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.27 0.27 1,135 Labor force (millions) 0.15 0.16 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.1 11.2 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,000 12,660 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 0.2 –0.2 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.8 3.0 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 18.4 23.2 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.3 .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 77.9 73.8 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 6.1 9.4 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.0 2.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.4 47.3 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.3 52.4 29.6 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 88 Time to start a business (days) .. 18 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. 237 163 Time to export (days) .. 9 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. 1.8 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.1 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 4.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 1.6 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 49.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 45.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 24.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 18.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.9 9.1 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.0 14.6 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 24.0 .. .. Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) 91.6 104.4 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 102.3 118.9 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 92.5 102.9 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 5.9 5.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 6.0 .. Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 76.2 127.0 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 56.1 71.8 75.8 34 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Belarus Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.7 9.5 2,490 Labor force (millions) 4.6 4.5 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,810 5,830 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 7.6 6.7 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.8 9.9 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 41.8 44.4 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 33.1 36.6 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 48.5 45.7 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 10.3 53.2 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2,153.8 4,975.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.8 87.9 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.1 90.0 29.0 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 58 Time to start a business (days) 79 5 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 16 5 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 987 338 318 Time to export (days) 22 15 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 5.8 3.0 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.3 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.7 6.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 0.9 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.1 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 26.4 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 18.9 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 15.3 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 11.0 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 735 2,688 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.0 7.3 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.5 38.0 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 22.6 34.6 17.7 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) 6.6 44.2 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 16.0 33.2 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 19.8 14.1 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.1 4.2 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 15.9 42.0 84.5 Real interest rate (%) –6.4 –28.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.1 0.3 5.6 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 5 15 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 88.6 86.4 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,246 3,564 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 41.7 111.9 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 16.2 39.6 38.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 35 Belgium High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.5 11.0 1,135 Labor force (millions) 4.7 4.9 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.4 7.1 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 36,610 45,930 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 1.6 1.0 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.8 0.7 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.0 21.7 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.1 13.9 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 75.1 77.7 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.8 3.5 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 78.7 84.3 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 74.7 83.1 29.6 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 33 Time to start a business (days) 34 4 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 4 3 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 156 156 163 Time to export (days) 9 9 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 0.9 0.9 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 5.4 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 16.3 21.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.4 3.0 6.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.9 19.9 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.7 20.7 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) 89.2 91.0 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 99.7 106.2 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 2.7 4.7 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.0 2.8 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 73.8 92.6 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 4.2 8.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.2 .. .. Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 152 91 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 78.2 78.2 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 8,510 8,388 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 92.2 116.6 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 55.8 78.0 75.8 36 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Belize Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.29 0.36 2,533 Labor force (millions) 0.11 0.15 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.0 .. 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,580 3,710 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 5.7 2.2 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.3 .. 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.4 .. 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.1 .. 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 67.3 .. 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.6 –2.5 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.0 2.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.6 65.6 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.7 65.3 34.6 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 105 Time to start a business (days) 45 44 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 9 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 147 147 308 Time to export (days) 21 19 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.0 1.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.7 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.7 1.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 4.4 4.5 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 4.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 6.7 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 58.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 36.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 6.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 0.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 162 .. 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 11.4 6.6 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.5 .. 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.4 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 52.7 70.1 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 53.0 60.3 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 11.5 11.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.5 6.9 8.0 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. 32 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 34.2 70.0 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 9.2 14.0 16.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 37 Benin Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.6 9.1 817 Labor force (millions) 3.0 3.7 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 0.7 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 570 780 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.0 3.7 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 32.3 32.4 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.3 13.2 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.8 7.7 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 54.4 54.3 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 5.4 2.7 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 471.9 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.6 15.0 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.5 27.0 42.4 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 175 Time to start a business (days) 31 26 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 5 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 270 270 286 Time to export (days) 34 29 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 4.0 4.0 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.8 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.5 20.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 21.2 26.8 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 77.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 24.3 4.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 71.7 86.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 2.7 7.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 707 88 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –0.2 1.6 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.4 17.6 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.4 7.0 16.0 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.9 29.7 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 16.3 24.5 30.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.7 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) 9.5 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 78 .. 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 8.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.8 85.3 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.3 3.5 6.0 38 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Bermuda High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.06 0.06 1,135 Labor force (millions) .. .. 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 2.3 0.3 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.8 0.8 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 10.4 7.8 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 88.7 91.4 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.9 .. 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.6 .. 29.6 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 163 Time to export (days) .. .. 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.9 3.9 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 157.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. 0 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 82.2 135.8 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 65.4 88.3 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 39 Bhutan South Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.66 0.74 2,533 Labor force (millions) 0.31 0.38 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.1 3.1 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,210 2,130 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 7.9 9.0 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 23.2 15.9 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.3 43.9 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.4 9.3 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.5 40.2 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 5.3 8.8 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 44.1 46.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.2 36.6 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.9 55.8 34.6 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 148 Time to start a business (days) 62 36 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 8 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 274 274 308 Time to export (days) 38 38 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 36.3 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.0 0.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.0 0.1 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 15.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 2.5 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 19.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 64.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 14.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 5.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.1 0.9 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 49.9 59.4 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 39.8 49.4 19.4 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) 79.5 56.8 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 44.8 64.0 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 14.6 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. 3.9 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 18.2 50.0 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 7.7 7.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 9.5 9.5 8.0 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 2 3 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 56.1 40.4 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 0.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.5 65.6 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 3.8 21.0 16.2 40 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Bolivia Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.1 10.1 2,533 Labor force (millions) 4.0 4.7 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.4 3.4 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,030 2,020 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.1 4.7 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.4 12.5 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.0 38.9 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.2 13.3 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.6 48.5 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 5.4 9.8 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.1 6.9 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.5 44.1 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.1 38.4 34.6 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 155 Time to start a business (days) 50 50 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 15 15 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 1,080 1,025 308 Time to export (days) 24 19 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.8 1.8 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.5 2.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.3 0.5 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 13.5 28.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 19.6 3.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 90.1 80.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 22.2 27.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 15.2 21.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 13.8 22.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 1,422 .. 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –2.5 3.6 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.0 19.0 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 6.1 8.4 19.4 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.4 44.7 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.3 8.4 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 11.3 1.7 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 45.0 40.8 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 10.1 –3.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.7 9.5 8.0 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 26 37 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 6.9 8.5 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 477 616 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 0.4 1.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 26.5 82.8 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 5.2 30.0 16.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 41 Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.8 3.8 2,490 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.5 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 31.8 27.6 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,020 4,780 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 5.0 2.7 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.5 8.7 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.1 26.2 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.3 12.5 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.4 65.1 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 6.1 3.7 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.6 1.4 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.1 42.3 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 71.7 64.8 29.0 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 126 Time to start a business (days) 63 37 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 11 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 368 407 318 Time to export (days) 22 15 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.3 3.3 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 7.2 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 1.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 0.7 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 4.1 11.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 67.6 1.5 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 46.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 38.1 59.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 6.8 50.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 16.4 30.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. 56 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.7 2.1 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.6 20.7 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.4 13.5 17.7 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 34.2 40.8 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 14.4 10.7 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 5.3 11.9 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 43.1 54.8 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 5.5 5.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 4.6 5.6 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 5 1 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 92.1 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,380 3,110 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 0.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 42.2 84.5 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 21.3 60.0 38.2 42 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Botswana Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.9 2.0 2,490 Labor force (millions) 0.92 1.1 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 17.6 .. 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,070 7,470 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 5.8 2.8 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.8 2.5 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 50.2 45.8 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.6 4.2 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 48.0 51.7 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 8.6 8.9 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.1 6.8 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.2 39.1 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.5 44.3 29.0 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 59 Time to start a business (days) 108 61 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 10 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 140 152 318 Time to export (days) 33 27 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.2 1.7 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 21.7 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 6.6 12.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 5.7 9.4 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.0 10.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 4.5 8.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 49.7 54.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 11.3 32.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 25.5 39.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.7 21.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 104 158 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.8 3.4 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.5 28.5 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.3 20.7 17.7 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 27.4 39.3 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.8 .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.5 .. 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 19.1 24.3 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 5.8 0.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.5 5.9 5.6 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 8 8 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 32.6 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,421 1,586 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 0.7 4.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 30.1 142.8 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 3.3 7.0 38.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 43 Brazil Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 186.0 196.7 2,490 Labor force (millions) 94.5 103.1 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.3 8.3 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,960 10,720 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 2.8 4.2 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.7 5.5 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.3 27.5 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.1 14.6 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.0 67.0 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 6.9 6.6 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.4 1.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.1 11.9 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 11.5 12.6 29.0 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 130 Time to start a business (days) 152 119 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 17 13 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 2,600 2,600 318 Time to export (days) 18 13 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 10.0 4.0 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.6 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 246.7 315.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.0 2.4 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 7.2 18.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 16.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 55.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 27.8 48.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 36.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 25.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 71,634 36,478 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.8 2.9 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.9 19.3 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.9 16.4 17.7 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) 55.8 52.8 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 44.2 53.0 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.8 10.5 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.5 3.5 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 31.4 61.4 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 44.9 34.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 37.8 32.9 5.6 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 515 954 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 12.2 13.5 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,017 2,384 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 46.4 124.3 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 21.0 45.0 38.2 44 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Brunei Darussalam High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.36 0.41 1,135 Labor force (millions) 0.18 0.20 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 23,210 31,800 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 2.2 0.4 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.9 0.6 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 71.6 71.7 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.3 11.8 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 27.5 27.7 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.2 2.0 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.7 1.3 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 70.2 81.3 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.3 29.1 29.6 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 79 Time to start a business (days) 116 101 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 18 15 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 144 96 163 Time to export (days) 27 19 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.5 2.5 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.3 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.8 7.4 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.4 13.4 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 53.9 63.2 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 40.3 31.8 157.0 Real interest rate (%) –11.2 –11.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.5 5.1 .. Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 12 12 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 78.4 81.1 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 8,672 8,759 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 64.1 109.2 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 36.5 56.0 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 45 Bulgaria Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.7 7.3 2,490 Labor force (millions) 3.4 3.4 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.1 11.2 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,640 6,640 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 5.5 2.1 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.5 5.6 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.2 31.1 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.3 16.6 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.3 63.2 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 5.0 4.2 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.6 1.4 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.5 66.5 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55.6 65.8 29.0 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 66 Time to start a business (days) 32 18 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 4 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 616 454 318 Time to export (days) 26 21 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.3 3.3 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 4.8 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 29.3 35.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 5.7 7.2 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.0 10.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 42.6 6.6 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 60.3 54.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 37.7 34.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 22.1 44.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.1 19.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 5,587 630 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 14.2 4.8 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.7 20.9 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 21.1 16.8 17.7 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. 15.5 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 41.5 63.8 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.4 10.8 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.2 14.9 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 41.0 72.1 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 1.2 5.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.6 7.3 5.6 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 10 12 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 98.4 98.6 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,122 4,476 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 1.7 1.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 80.7 140.7 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 20.0 51.0 38.2 46 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Burkina Faso Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 14.2 17.0 817 Labor force (millions) 6.4 7.8 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.7 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 390 580 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 6.4 5.1 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 39.0 33.8 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 18.0 24.3 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.7 6.7 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 43.0 41.9 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 6.4 2.8 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 471.9 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 9.7 21.1 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.8 28.6 42.4 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 153 Time to start a business (days) 40 13 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 3 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 270 270 286 Time to export (days) 45 41 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 4.0 4.0 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.8 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.5 1.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.1 0.1 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.5 22.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 19.5 6.7 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 88.1 75.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 23.1 25.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 19.6 23.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 7.3 14.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 42 60 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.0 0.1 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.7 16.7 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.5 9.1 16.0 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.9 26.8 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 16.5 19.4 30.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.7 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 1 4 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) 4.2 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 7.5 9.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.5 45.3 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.5 3.0 6.0 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 47 Burundi Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.3 8.6 817 Labor force (millions) 3.5 4.4 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 140 250 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 2.2 4.4 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 44.5 35.2 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 18.5 18.6 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.9 10.0 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 37.1 46.3 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 13.5 9.7 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,081.6 1,261.1 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 8.2 5.5 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.9 33.8 42.4 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 159 Time to start a business (days) 13 8 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 4 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 140 274 286 Time to export (days) 47 32 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 5.0 5.0 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 40.0 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.7 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 22.6 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 60.3 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 12.3 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 24.1 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 7.1 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 54 25 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.1 0.1 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 8.7 18.4 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 4.0 10.2 16.0 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.1 19.0 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 15.9 21.1 30.1 Real interest rate (%) –2.1 0.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.7 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) 10.4 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 10.7 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.1 22.3 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.5 1.1 6.0 48 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Cambodia East Asia & Pacific Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 13.4 14.3 817 Labor force (millions) 6.9 8.1 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 0.2 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 460 820 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 9.1 6.2 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 32.4 36.7 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.4 23.5 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.8 16.1 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 41.2 39.8 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 6.3 5.5 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 4,092.5 4,058.5 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.1 54.1 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 72.7 59.5 42.4 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 133 Time to start a business (days) 86 85 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 9 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 137 173 286 Time to export (days) 43 22 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 6.0 6.0 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.9 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.5 2.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 0.2 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.6 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 60.3 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 11.3 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 15.5 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 2.8 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 343 .. 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.0 7.0 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 16.0 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.5 8.4 16.0 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.3 35.7 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.0 28.3 30.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.7 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 3 7 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) 6.3 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 66 146 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 8.0 96.2 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.3 3.1 6.0 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 49 Cameroon Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 17.6 20.0 2,533 Labor force (millions) 7.1 8.4 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.4 3.8 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 930 1,210 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.8 2.9 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 19.5 .. 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.4 .. 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.7 .. 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.1 .. 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.0 2.9 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 471.9 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.5 30.7 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.4 35.0 34.6 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 161 Time to start a business (days) 45 15 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 5 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 654 654 308 Time to export (days) 27 23 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.2 3.2 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 29.9 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 12.8 7.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 65.4 30.8 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 84.6 90.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 19.5 31.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 78.9 17.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 16.4 20.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 486 252 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.5 1.4 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.4 19.8 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.4 13.4 19.4 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 12.9 15.2 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.9 14.9 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 14.6 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.8 .. 8.0 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 11 3 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 17.4 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 188 271 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 11.6 9.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.8 52.4 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.4 5.0 16.2 50 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Canada High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 32.3 34.5 1,135 Labor force (millions) 17.8 19.2 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.7 7.4 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 33,110 45,550 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 2.5 1.1 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.8 .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.4 .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.0 .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.8 .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.2 2.9 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.2 1.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.8 31.2 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.1 32.4 29.6 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 17 Time to start a business (days) 3 5 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 2 1 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 119 131 163 Time to export (days) 7 7 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 0.8 0.8 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.4 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 160.0 174.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 7.2 7.6 6.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.3 2.3 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.3 22.5 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) 47.2 53.8 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 149.5 .. 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.6 5.1 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.5 0.8 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 178.2 .. 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 1.1 –0.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.6 2.5 .. Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 1,018 1,246 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 39.9 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 17,319 15,137 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 52.7 79.7 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 71.7 83.0 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 51 Cape Verde Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.47 0.50 2,533 Labor force (millions) 0.19 0.23 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,080 3,540 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 5.2 6.2 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.0 10.4 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.7 17.8 32.0   Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 75.3 71.8 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 0.4 4.5 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 88.7 79.3 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.8 42.2 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 66.6 72.6 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 122 Time to start a business (days) 52 11 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 8 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 186 186 308 Time to export (days) 21 19 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.0 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys       Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 12.2 3.9   Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 10.4 1.1   Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 60.4 44.5   Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 26.3 35.3   Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7.8 30.5   ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.2 15.9     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. 23 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.3 5.5 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 35.8 36.5 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 21.7 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 75.1 .. 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 39.1 64.5 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 13.9 5.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.9 6.5 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 20 11 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 11.3 3.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 17.3 79.2 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 6.1 32.0 16.2 52 2013  The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Cayman Islands High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.05 0.06 1,135 Labor force (millions) .. .. 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.5 .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.6 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 163 Time to export (days) .. .. 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 157.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 154.9 167.7 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 38.0 69.5 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 53 Central African Republic Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.0 4.5 817 Labor force (millions) 1.8 2.1 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 340 480 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) –1.4 2.7 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 54.4 56.8 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 14.1 14.9 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.3 .. 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 31.4 28.3 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.9 1.3 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 471.9 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 12.7 11.9 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.8 23.3 42.4 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 185 Time to start a business (days) 22 22 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 8 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 504 504 286 Time to export (days) 57 54 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 4.8 4.8 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 9.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 16.8 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 66.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 25.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 11.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 37.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. 24 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.4 5.0 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 9.8 12.4 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 4.5 8.4 16.0 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 5.0 7.2 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 6.8 10.2 30.1 Real interest rate (%) 13.5 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.8 .. 10.7 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 6.8 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 29.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.5 40.6 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.3 2.2 6.0 54 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Chad Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.8 11.5 817 Labor force (millions) 3.8 4.6 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 430 720 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 17.2 2.1 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.3 .. 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 60.4 .. 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.3 .. 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 27.3 .. 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 7.9 –4.9 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 471.9 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.0 40.7 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.8 25.5 42.4 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 184 Time to start a business (days) 64 62 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 9 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 732 732 286 Time to export (days) 78 75 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 4.0 4.0 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 31.3 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 20.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 21.2 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 89.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 4.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 10.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 43.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 11 80 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –1.9 17.5 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.7 31.8 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.9 22.7 16.0 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 2.9 5.8 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 3.2 5.6 30.1 Real interest rate (%) 15.1 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.8 .. 10.7 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 19.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.1 31.8 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.4 1.9 6.0 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 55 Channel Islands High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.15 0.15 1,135 Labor force (millions) .. .. 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 57,380 .. 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) –1.2 .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.6 .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.6 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 163 Time to export (days) .. .. 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 157.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) .. .. 75.8 56 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Chile Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 16.3 17.3 2,490 Labor force (millions) 6.8 8.2 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.0 7.1 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,260 12,280 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.2 3.6 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.6 3.4 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.9 39.1 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.7 11.9 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.5 57.5 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. 3.3 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 559.8 483.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.4 38.1 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.6 34.7 29.0 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 37 Time to start a business (days) 27 8 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 7 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 316 291 318 Time to export (days) 17 15 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 5.6 3.2 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 21.1 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 24.3 49.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.2 4.1 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.0 9.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 7.6 0.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 49.6 55.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 29.1 44.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 22.9 21.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 22.0 22.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 8,980 2,397 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.6 7.0 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.2 23.2 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 48.2 43.0 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.9 7.0 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.9 2.4 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 76.3 71.2 84.5 Real interest rate (%) –0.8 6.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.7 3.7 5.6 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 93 124 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 21.0 23.3 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,073 3,297 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 0.6 0.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 64.8 129.7 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 31.2 53.9 38.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 57 China East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,303.7 1,344.1 2,490 Labor force (millions) 767.1 806.0 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.2 4.1 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,740 4,940 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 9.8 10.8 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.1 10.0 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 47.4 46.6 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 32.5 29.6 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.5 43.3 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.8 5.4 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.2 6.5 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.1 31.4 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.6 27.3 29.0 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 91 Time to start a business (days) 48 33 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 13 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 832 338 318 Time to export (days) 23 21 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.4 1.7 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.2 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 18.3 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 38.7 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 28.8 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 27.8 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 35.9 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 38,538 3,292 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.6 3.0 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 40.1 45.5 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.6 22.6 17.7 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 45.0 50.7 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.4 6.4 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 8.6 1.0 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 113.3 127.0 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 1.6 –1.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.3 3.1 5.6 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 1,349 2,539 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 40.8 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,784 2,944 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 30.1 73.2 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 8.5 38.3 38.2 58 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Colombia Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 43.0 46.9 2,490 Labor force (millions) 19.8 22.7 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.3 11.6 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,940 6,070 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.7 4.4 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.4 7.0 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.8 37.5 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.4 13.9 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.8 55.5 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 5.0 3.4 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2,321.6 1,847.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.8 19.0 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.8 20.1 29.0 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 45 Time to start a business (days) 42 13 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 8 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 456 203 318 Time to export (days) 34 14 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.0 1.3 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 19.2 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 22.3 55.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.8 1.8 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 14.3 12.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 1.1 1.5 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 55.1 70.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 30.6 35.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 26.4 20.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 5.9 20.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 3,734 2,780 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.0 4.1 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.7 23.0 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) 53.6 53.2 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 16.5 19.7 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.3 14.3 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.7 2.5 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 29.3 45.0 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 8.5 4.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.5 7.0 5.6 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 162 180 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 901 1,012 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 0.4 0.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 50.8 98.5 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 11.0 40.4 38.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 59 Comoros Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.64 0.75 817 Labor force (millions) 0.21 0.25 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 610 770 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 2.6 1.4 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 51.0 46.3 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 11.0 12.1 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.4 4.3 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 38.0 41.6 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.0 0.9 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 395.6 353.9 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.1 15.3 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.8 51.8 42.4 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 158 Time to start a business (days) 24 20 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 9 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 100 100 286 Time to export (days) 31 31 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 31.4 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 0.5 .. 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.1 1.1 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 9.3 12.4 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 4.8 7.7 16.0 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.2 25.8 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.5 17.8 30.1 Real interest rate (%) 8.5 2.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.0 5.5 10.7 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.4 28.7 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 2.0 5.5 6.0 60 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Congo, Dem. Rep. Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 57.4 67.8 817 Labor force (millions) 21.5 26.1 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 120 190 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.6 5.6 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 48.4 45.6 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.6 21.8 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.4 4.6 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 29.0 32.6 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 21.3 .. 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 473.9 919.5 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.6 68.3 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.2 78.0 42.4 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 181 Time to start a business (days) 133 58 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 14 10 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 308 336 286 Time to export (days) 46 44 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 5.2 5.2 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 58.9 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.3 29.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 64.4 54.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 82.4 90.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 3.3 6.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 20.5 48.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 4.3 8.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 473 442 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.3 10.2 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.8 20.5 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.5 13.9 16.0 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 4.2 12.3 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 1.8 6.3 30.1 Real interest rate (%) 27.5 26.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 32.6 30.4 10.7 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. 4 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) 1.8 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 85 95 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 16.9 20.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.8 23.1 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.2 1.2 6.0 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 61 Congo, Rep. Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.5 4.1 2,533 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.7 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 980 2,250 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.7 5.1 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.5 3.4 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 71.9 76.6 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.0 3.6 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 23.6 20.0 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.1 1.3 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 471.9 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 84.2 87.3 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.5 34.8 34.6 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 183 Time to start a business (days) 37 161 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 11 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 606 606 308 Time to export (days) 50 50 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.3 3.3 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.1 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 6.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 37.1 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 69.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 7.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 8.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 19.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 62 60 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 13.2 20.3 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.7 25.1 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.5 9.1 19.4 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 6.7 14.4 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 2.4 7.8 40.4 Real interest rate (%) –3.0 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.8 .. 8.0 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 5 4 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 7.1 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 120 145 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 21.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 15.8 93.8 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.5 5.6 16.2 62 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Costa Rica Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.3 4.7 2,490 Labor force (millions) 1.9 2.2 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.6 7.7 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,680 7,640 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.3 4.0 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.0 6.4 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.1 25.6 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.7 17.6 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 61.9 68.0 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 13.8 4.9 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 477.8 505.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.5 37.4 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.0 41.6 29.0 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 110 Time to start a business (days) 77 60 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 12 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 402 226 318 Time to export (days) 35 13 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.5 3.5 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.9 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 36.3 57.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 12.7 17.6 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.6 8.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 0.0 7.6 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 70.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 14.9 22.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 48.6 39.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 10.4 13.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 625 170 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.3 5.3 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 19.7 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.7 20.0 17.7 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 22.3 23.2 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.4 14.6 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.4 1.8 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 35.6 47.6 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 12.7 11.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 14.5 12.1 5.6 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 36 31 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 25.2 26.0 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,712 1,855 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 25.6 92.2 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 22.1 42.1 38.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 63 Côte d’Ivoire Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 18.0 20.2 2,533 Labor force (millions) 7.0 8.0 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 870 1,090 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) –0.2 1.6 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.8 24.3 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.9 30.3 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.3 21.0 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.3 45.4 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.9 4.9 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 471.9 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.1 43.7 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.6 40.6 34.6 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 177 Time to start a business (days) 45 32 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 10 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 270 270 308 Time to export (days) 23 25 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.2 2.2 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.8 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 1.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 13.6 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 73.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 13.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 20.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 4.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 311 382 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.1 1.4 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 9.7 16.4 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 7.0 10.3 19.4 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) 96.4 .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.6 28.1 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 13.8 18.1 40.4 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.0 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. 1 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 8.1 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 175 210 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.0 86.1 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.0 2.2 16.2 64 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Croatia High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.4 4.4 1,135 Labor force (millions) 2.0 2.0 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.6 13.4 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,690 13,540 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.6 0.0 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.0 5.1 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.5 26.5 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.5 16.2 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 66.4 68.4 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.3 2.3 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.9 5.3 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.3 41.8 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.6 41.9 29.6 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 84 Time to start a business (days) 29 9 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 6 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 232 196 163 Time to export (days) 26 20 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.1 3.1 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.3 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 8.4 7.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.8 2.4 6.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.0 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 20.1 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 31.7 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 45.8 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 15.2 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.4 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.0 2.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.7 18.8 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.2 16.9 .. Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 53.8 68.1 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.0 13.6 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 6.2 12.3 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 52.6 73.8 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 7.6 7.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 9.5 8.0 .. Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 22 27 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 89.1 90.7 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,476 3,813 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 0.5 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 82.2 116.4 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 33.1 70.7 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 65 Cuba Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 11.3 11.3 2,490 Labor force (millions) 4.8 5.3 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.9 2.5 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,960 .. 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.6 5.0 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.6 5.0 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.4 20.5 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.5 10.6 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 75.0 74.5 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 0.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.0 19.6 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.3 19.0 29.0 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 40 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 318 Time to export (days) .. .. 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 776 .. 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 .. 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 9.0 9.9 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 84.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.6 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 11 10 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,156 1,299 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.2 11.7 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 9.7 23.2 38.2 66 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Curaçao High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.13 0.15 1,135 Labor force (millions) .. .. 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.6 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 163 Time to export (days) .. .. 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 157.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) .. .. 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 67 Cyprus High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.0 1.1 1,135 Labor force (millions) 0.52 0.59 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.3 7.7 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 21,490 29,450 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.1 2.0 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.8 .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.5 .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.8 .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 77.7 .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.6 3.3 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.3 40.1 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50.9 46.6 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 36 Time to start a business (days) .. 8 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. 147 163 Time to export (days) .. 7 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. 1.5 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.0 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 14.5 19.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 20.2 24.7 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.8 4.4 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.3 18.4 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 180.6 114.0 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 176.9 242.4 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 4.9 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. 9.6 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 209.9 298.4 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 4.6 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.3 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 17 13 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 64.6 65.4 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,080 4,675 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 75.8 97.7 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 32.8 57.7 75.8 68 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Czech Republic High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.2 10.5 1,135 Labor force (millions) 5.2 5.3 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.9 6.7 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,890 18,700 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.9 2.0 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.9 2.3 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.1 36.2 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 25.1 23.5 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 61.0 61.5 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.8 1.9 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 24.0 17.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.4 72.5 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.7 68.5 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 65 Time to start a business (days) 40 20 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 9 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 930 413 163 Time to export (days) 16 16 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 9.2 3.2 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 7.5 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 14.1 21.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.9 2.8 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 1.9 10.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 36.0 0.2 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 42.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 20.8 33.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 15.4 50.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 15.9 43.5     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.9 2.5 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 23.9 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 22.0 38.1 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 47.8 63.5 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.4 6.5 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.9 5.2 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 35.4 55.4 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 6.1 6.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.6 4.7 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 75 61 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,342 6,321 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 0.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 115.2 123.4 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 35.3 73.0 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 69 Denmark High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.4 5.6 1,135 Labor force (millions) 2.9 2.9 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.8 7.6 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 48,590 60,160 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 1.2 -0.4 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.4 1.2 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.5 21.8 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.2 12.2 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 73.1 77.0 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.8 2.8 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.0 5.4 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.0 53.4 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.1 48.2 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 5 Time to start a business (days) 6 6 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 4 4 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 135 130 163 Time to export (days) 5 5 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.3 1.0 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.0 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 18.6 16.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 5.2 4.6 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.0 3.9 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.5 17.2 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 36.7 50.6 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 48.2 52.0 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.7 5.1 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.4 3.7 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 171.8 208.4 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 4.7 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.7 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 13 120 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,659 6,327 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 100.5 128.5 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 82.7 90.0 75.8 70 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Djibouti Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.81 0.91 2,533 Labor force (millions) 0.25 0.30 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 59.5 .. 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 990 1,270 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.0 5.2 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.5 .. 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.6 .. 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.6 .. 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 79.9 .. 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.1 4.4 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 177.7 177.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.6 .. 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50.9 .. 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 171 Time to start a business (days) 37 37 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 11 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 66 82 308 Time to export (days) 25 18 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 5.0 5.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.7 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 180 .. 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.1 9.2 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.0 .. 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 9.7 .. 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 67.0 78.9 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 20.1 29.3 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 7.8 9.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.3 9.1 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.4 21.3 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.0 7.0 16.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 71 Dominica Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.07 0.07 2,490 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,100 7,030 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 1.9 4.5 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.0 13.5 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.8 15.5 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.9 2.5 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.2 71.0 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.7 2.4 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.8 34.4 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.2 53.8 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 68 Time to start a business (days) 14 13 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 147 120 318 Time to export (days) 16 13 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 4.0 4.0 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.9 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.2 0.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.5 3.3 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 2.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 5.6 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 10.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 46.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 5.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 1.3     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.3 7.1 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.2 22.5 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 73.3 83.1 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 48.9 57.6 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 10.6 5.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.8 5.6 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 50.4 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 75.4 164.0 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 38.5 51.3 38.2 72 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Dominican Republic Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.3 10.1 2,490 Labor force (millions) 4.0 4.5 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 18.0 12.4 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,900 5,240 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.1 6.4 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.5 6.0 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.1 33.1 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.9 24.6 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.5 61.0 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.2 8.5 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 30.0 38.1 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.0 24.9 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.5 35.3 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 116 Time to start a business (days) 74 19 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 7 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 232 324 318 Time to export (days) 17 8 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.5 3.5 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.1 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 6.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 1.0 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 8.8 11.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 17.3 15.3 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 75.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 12.5 39.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 30.2 24.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 9.6 11.8     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 2,599 203 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.3 4.1 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.4 16.3 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 0.0 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 19.4 20.8 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.4 9.7 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 5.9 2.6 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 20.5 24.0 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 20.9 8.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.2 7.7 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,276 1,442 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 17.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 39.1 87.2 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 11.5 35.5 38.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 73 Ecuador Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 13.4 14.7 2,490 Labor force (millions) 6.4 7.0 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.7 4.2 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,620 4,200 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 5.6 3.9 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.0 7.0 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.8 38.1 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.4 9.9 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.1 54.9 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.4 4.5 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.9 32.9 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.0 38.6 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 139 Time to start a business (days) 69 56 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 14 13 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 600 654 318 Time to export (days) 22 20 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 5.3 5.3 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.7 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 17.3 22.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 11.3 0.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 65.4 65.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 24.0 17.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 23.3 10.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 18.2 9.7     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 1,865 327 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.3 0.9 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.1 25.2 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.2 12.1 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.4 8.6 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 4.9 3.2 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.3 33.0 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 2.4 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 .. 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 30 54 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 14.8 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 780 1,055 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 1.6 1.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 46.5 104.5 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 6.0 31.4 38.2 74 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Egypt, Arab Rep. Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 74.2 82.5 2,533 Labor force (millions) 23.9 27.7 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.2 9.0 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,250 2,600 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.4 5.6 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.9 13.9 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.9 36.7 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.0 15.2 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.2 49.3 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.9 10.1 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.0 6.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.3 23.3 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.6 30.2 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 109 Time to start a business (days) 22 7 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 6 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 504 392 308 Time to export (days) 27 12 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 4.2 4.2 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.2 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 3.9 6.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.1 0.1 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 23.8 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 10.5 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 133.9 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.0 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 4,971 980 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.0 -0.2 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 19.4 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.6 12.1 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 85.8 .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 88.4 68.8 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.1 6.2 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 26.5 10.9 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 51.2 31.3 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 6.5 -0.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.9 4.3 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 45 88 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 81.0 92.2 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,284 1,608 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 18.4 101.1 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 12.8 38.7 16.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 75 El Salvador Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.1 6.2 2,533 Labor force (millions) 2.3 2.6 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 7.0 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,820 3,480 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 2.3 1.1 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.6 12.7 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.9 27.0 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.1 20.2 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.5 60.2 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.7 5.1 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.6 28.1 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.2 47.3 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 113 Time to start a business (days) 40 17 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 8 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 320 320 308 Time to export (days) 22 14 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 4.0 4.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.0 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.8 1.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.5 0.5 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.2 19.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 2.6 0.3 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 73.8 65.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 17.3 31.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 22.1 28.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 10.9 14.5     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 1,196 125 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.0 1.1 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.3 14.2 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.9 11.9 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 48.3 48.0 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 4.7 4.7 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.1 13.9 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.9 3.6 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 42.9 39.9 40.4 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 24 51 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 46.9 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 757 855 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 1.6 1.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 39.9 133.5 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 4.2 17.7 16.2 76 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Equatorial Guinea High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.61 0.72 1,135 Labor force (millions) 0.31 0.38 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,220 15,670 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 26.0 7.7 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.6 .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 94.4 .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.2 .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 3.0 .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 5.6 6.9 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 471.9 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 87.4 71.4 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.6 47.4 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 162 Time to start a business (days) 137 135 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 20 18 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 492 492 163 Time to export (days) 29 29 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.4 3.7 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 39.2 34.0 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 28.9 9.7 ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 5.8 13.1 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 2.1 7.5 157.0 Real interest rate (%) –17.5 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.8 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 15.9 59.1 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.1 6.0 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 77 Eritrea Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.5 5.4 817 Labor force (millions) 2.2 2.7 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 250 430 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.5 0.0 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 24.2 14.5 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.9 22.4 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.3 5.7 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.9 63.0 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 15.4 15.4 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 6.2 4.5 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.9 20.4 42.4     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 182 Time to start a business (days) 76 84 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 13 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 216 216 286 Time to export (days) 59 50 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.8 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 0.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 0.0 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 28.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 11.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 15.1     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 40 .. 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –0.1 0.7 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.7 .. 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 1.9 .. 16.0     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 27.6 13.9 30.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.7     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 54 52 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 0.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.9 4.5 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.8 6.2 6.0 78 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Estonia High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.3 1.3 1,135 Labor force (millions) 0.67 0.70 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.9 12.5 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,730 15,260 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 7.1 –0.4 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.5 3.5 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.6 28.9 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.2 17.0 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 67.9 67.6 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.1 5.0 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 77.7 91.5 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 84.2 87.6 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 21 Time to start a business (days) 35 7 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 5 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 81 85 163 Time to export (days) 5 5 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.0 3.0 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.0 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 6.2 7.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 6.9 8.1 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.1 5.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 13.7 0.0 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 26.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 25.0 41.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7.2 207.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.9 21.2     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 22.5 2.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 32.1 21.7 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 5.9 7.1 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 42.8 56.1 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.7 8.9 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.2 4.1 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 69.7 84.7 157.0 Real interest rate (%) –1.1 3.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.8 4.8 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 8 11 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 22.7 17.9 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,567 6,464 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 0.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 107.4 139.0 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 61.5 76.5 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 79 Ethiopia Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 74.3 84.7 817 Labor force (millions) 34.9 42.1 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.4 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 160 370 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 5.6 10.0 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 46.7 46.4 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.0 10.5 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.8 3.6 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.3 43.1 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 11.6 33.2 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.7 16.9 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.1 16.8 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.5 31.8 42.4     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 127 Time to start a business (days) 34 15 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 9 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 212 306 286 Time to export (days) 45 42 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.0 3.0 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 27.0 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.8 1.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 0.3 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.8 3.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 4.3 3.8 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 37.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 10.9 16.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 44.2 111.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 4.2 13.6     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.2 2.1 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 25.5 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.3 6.9 16.0     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 35.5 .. 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.0 .. 30.1 Real interest rate (%) –2.6 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.5 .. 10.7     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 31 53 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) 11.0 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 34 54 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 1.7 5.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.6 16.7 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.2 1.1 6.0 80 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Faeroe Islands High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.05 0.05 1,135 Labor force (millions) .. .. 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.2 .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.0 5.4 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 163 Time to export (days) .. .. 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 157.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 87.1 122.0 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 67.9 80.7 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 81 Fiji East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.82 0.87 2,533 Labor force (millions) 0.34 0.37 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.6 .. 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,590 3,720 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 2.6 0.2 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.1 12.9 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.2 18.8 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.2 14.3 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 66.8 68.3 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.4 8.7 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.7 1.8 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.9 47.5 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65.1 58.1 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 60 Time to start a business (days) 46 58 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 11 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 140 163 308 Time to export (days) 24 22 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.8 1.8 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 27.3 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 4.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 4.5 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 39.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 37.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 19.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 22.9     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 50 .. 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.3 5.4 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.0 .. 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 .. 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 48.3 .. 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 68.7 74.6 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 0.0 –2.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.0 3.7 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 42 18 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.4 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 24.9 83.7 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 8.5 28.0 16.2 82 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Finland High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.2 5.4 1,135 Labor force (millions) 2.6 2.7 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.4 7.7 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 38,550 47,760 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 2.6 0.4 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.8 2.9 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.4 29.2 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.4 19.0 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.8 67.9 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 0.9 3.4 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.8 40.7 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.7 41.4 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 11 Time to start a business (days) 14 14 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 3 3 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 269 93 163 Time to export (days) 8 8 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 0.9 0.9 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.0 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 8.4 12.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.4 3.6 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.6 –2.2 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.1 19.6 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 44.1 47.8 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 49.7 63.6 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.2 4.4 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.3 0.5 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 75.1 96.7 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 3.2 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.7 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 107 143 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 65.0 65.3 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 16,116 16,483 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 100.5 166.0 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 74.5 89.4 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 83 France High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 63.2 65.4 1,135 Labor force (millions) 28.9 30.1 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.9 9.3 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 34,850 42,420 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 1.5 0.4 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.3 1.8 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.8 19.1 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.3 10.7 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 76.9 79.2 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.7 2.1 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.4 27.0 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.0 29.8 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 34 Time to start a business (days) 7 7 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 132 132 163 Time to export (days) 18 9 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.9 1.9 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.2 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 117.3 132.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.8 3.1 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.2 1.6 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.3 20.1 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 72.9 93.9 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 69.1 88.3 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.4 4.8 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.5 4.3 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 92.7 116.2 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 4.8 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.4 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 728 618 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,656 7,729 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 78.8 94.8 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 42.9 79.6 75.8 84 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development French Polynesia High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.25 0.27 1,135 Labor force (millions) 0.11 0.12 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.7 .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 163 Time to export (days) .. .. 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 157.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 47.1 81.4 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 21.5 49.0 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 85 Gabon Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.4 1.5 2,490 Labor force (millions) 0.51 0.61 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,110 8,080 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 1.6 3.0 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.9 3.8 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 61.4 64.0 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.1 3.3 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 33.8 32.2 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.7 1.3 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 471.9 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.7 64.6 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.7 35.8 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 170 Time to start a business (days) 58 58 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 9 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 488 488 318 Time to export (days) 19 20 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 5.0 5.0 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.4 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 2.6 3.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.4 4.3 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 2.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 22.8 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 76.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 6.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 34.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 18.6     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 204 30 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.8 4.3 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.3 27.0 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.1 16.3 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.0 15.5 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.1 11.0 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 14.1 5.5 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.4 10.2 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 0.6 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.8 .. 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 9 1 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 10.2 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 920 1,004 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 4.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 53.7 117.3 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 4.9 8.0 38.2 86 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Gambia, The Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.5 1.8 817 Labor force (millions) 0.64 0.78 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 390 500 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.2 4.0 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 27.1 18.9 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 14.1 13.5 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.6 5.2 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.9 67.7 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.8 4.8 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 28.6 29.5 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.8 28.9 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.6 47.2 42.4     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 147 Time to start a business (days) 27 27 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 8 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 376 376 286 Time to export (days) 23 23 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.0 2.0 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.1 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 7.3 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 13.6 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 60.3 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 7.6 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 63.9 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 22.2 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 7 .. 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.6 4.0 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.0 19.2 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.9 10.5 16.0     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 28.2 .. 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.6 16.3 30.1 Real interest rate (%) 30.2 23.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.6 16.3 10.7     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) 19.3 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 21.0 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 16.5 78.9 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 3.8 10.9 6.0 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 87 Georgia Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.4 4.5 2,533 Labor force (millions) 2.3 2.4 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 13.8 15.1 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,360 2,860 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 7.5 4.6 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 16.7 9.3 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.8 23.2 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.7 13.2 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 56.5 67.4 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 8.2 8.5 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.8 1.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.7 36.5 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.6 55.1 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 9 Time to start a business (days) 21 2 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 2 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 448 280 308 Time to export (days) 54 9 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.3 2.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.3 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 4.0 13.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.4 4.5 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.9 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 39.8 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 40.0 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.5 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 241 291 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.1 8.0 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.1 21.9 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 22.2 14.3 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 40.9 32.6 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 10.5 23.4 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 18.8 16.6 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.2 4.6 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 14.7 32.8 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 12.7 15.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 14.1 16.4 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 5 6 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 94.1 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,715 1,743 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 26.2 102.3 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 6.1 36.6 16.2 88 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Germany High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 82.5 81.8 1,135 Labor force (millions) 41.4 42.2 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.1 5.9 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 34,780 44,230 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 0.5 1.1 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.9 0.9 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.4 27.9 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.9 20.7 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.7 71.2 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.5 2.1 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.3 50.2 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.1 45.1 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 20 Time to start a business (days) 24 15 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 9 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 196 207 163 Time to export (days) 7 7 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.2 1.2 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.9 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 66.7 73.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.2 1.4 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 1.2 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 14.8 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 45.0 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 3.2 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.5 1.1 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.3 18.1 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 44.7 55.6 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 100.7 116.2 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.1 4.4 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 4.0 3.0 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 112.6 104.5 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 8.1 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.0 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 1,024 1,047 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,113 7,215 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 96.0 132.3 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 68.7 83.0 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 89 Ghana Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 21.6 25.0 2,533 Labor force (millions) 9.1 10.7 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.6 .. 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 460 1,410 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 5.1 7.4 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 40.9 25.6 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.5 25.9 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.5 6.7 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 31.6 48.5 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 15.1 8.7 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.9 1.5 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.4 38.0 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.7 51.1 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 64 Time to start a business (days) 18 12 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 7 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 304 224 308 Time to export (days) 47 19 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.9 1.9 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.5 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 7.3 15.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 1.1 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.2 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 18.1 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 69.1 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 16.0 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 24.4 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 6.8 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 756 806 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.4 8.2 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 29.0 18.6 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.0 12.3 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.7 24.2 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.2 13.7 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 13.0 14.1 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 15.5 15.2 40.4 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 3 6 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 14.9 12.6 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 247 298 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 9.5 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.3 84.8 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.8 14.1 16.2 90 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Greece High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 11.1 11.3 1,135 Labor force (millions) 5.1 5.3 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.8 17.7 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 21,400 24,490 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.2 –1.2 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.5 3.3 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.2 25.1 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.5 33.1 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 78 Time to start a business (days) 38 11 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 15 11 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 264 202 163 Time to export (days) 20 19 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.0 2.0 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.0 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 5.2 .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.7 .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 1.8 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 55.9 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 25.9 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7.0 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 11.7 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 0.4 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.7 15.1 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 125.4 106.5 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 83.8 85.7 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.9 5.8 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 6.3 14.4 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 79.6 121.9 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 2.8 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.3 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 131 110 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 35.4 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,242 5,242 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 91.7 106.5 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 24.0 53.0 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 91 Greenland High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.06 0.06 1,135 Labor force (millions) .. .. 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.3 .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 29,690 26,020 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 0.7 1.5 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.0 5.4 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 163 Time to export (days) .. .. 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 157.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. 23 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 81.3 102.5 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 57.7 64.0 75.8 92 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Grenada Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.10 0.10 2,490 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,820 7,350 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.6 –0.5 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.4 5.3 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.5 16.6 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.4 4.6 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.1 78.1 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.5 3.0 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.3 22.6 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 56.6 48.0 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 100 Time to start a business (days) 20 15 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 140 140 318 Time to export (days) 19 9 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 27.6 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 7.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 1.9 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 72.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 37.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 22.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 32.6     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 19 .. 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 10.0 5.1 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 46.0 21.0 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 79.6 89.4 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 57.5 81.0 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 7.0 7.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.2 7.6 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 0.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 45.6 116.7 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 20.5 33.5 38.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 93 Guam High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.17 0.18 1,135 Labor force (millions) 0.07 0.08 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.4 .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 163 Time to export (days) .. .. 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 157.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. 11 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 59.1 .. 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 38.6 50.6 75.8 94 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Guatemala Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 12.7 14.8 2,533 Labor force (millions) 4.7 5.9 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.8 4.1 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,070 2,870 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.1 3.4 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 13.4 11.3 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.3 68.5 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 20.2 58.8 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.3 20.2 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 9.1 6.2 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 7.6 7.8 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.1 27.1 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.0 37.9 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 93 Time to start a business (days) 39 40 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 15 12 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 344 332 308 Time to export (days) 18 17 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.0 3.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.9 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 4.3 5.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 0.6 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.2 10.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 3.8 3.9 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 65.8 69.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 12.8 26.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 35.3 17.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 8.0 11.9     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 712 96 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.0 2.3 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 14.6 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.5 11.9 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 21.3 24.6 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 36.9 38.5 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.5 9.4 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 4.2 1.6 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 25.1 23.4 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 7.0 7.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.7 8.2 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. 9 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 59.1 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 477 567 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 1.2 2.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 35.5 140.4 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 5.7 11.7 16.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 95 Guinea Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.0 10.2 817 Labor force (millions) 3.6 4.2 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 360 430 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.0 2.3 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 24.2 22.1 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 34.8 44.9 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.6 7.3 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 41.1 33.0 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 31.4 21.4 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3,644.3 6,620.8 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.8 30.3 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.1 48.2 42.4     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 178 Time to start a business (days) 40 35 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 6 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 416 416 286 Time to export (days) 33 35 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.8 3.8 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.5 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.6 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 57.3 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 62.8 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 0.9 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 16.1 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 5.2 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 51 76 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 17.6 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.6 17.6 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.8 13.4 16.0     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 10.0 .. 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 5.7 9.1 30.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.7     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) 9.8 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 31.5 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.1 44.0 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.5 1.3 6.0 96 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Guinea-Bissau Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.4 1.5 817 Labor force (millions) 0.57 0.67 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 410 600 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 0.7 4.2 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 57.3 .. 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.1 .. 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.6 .. 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 29.6 .. 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.3 5.0 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 471.9 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.8 .. 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.2 .. 42.4     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 179 Time to start a business (days) 259 9 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 17 9 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 208 208 286 Time to export (days) 25 23 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.9 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.9 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 22.7 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 53.7 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 0.7 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 20.5 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 8.4 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 7 13 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.5 2.0 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 9.6 .. 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 0.7 .. 16.0     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 3.8 22.5 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 1.1 11.8 30.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.7     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) 27.9 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 5.2 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.2 56.2 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.9 2.7 6.0 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 97 Guyana Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.75 0.76 2,533 Labor force (millions) 0.28 0.31 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 24.8 21.0 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,090 2,900 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 0.8 4.2 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 34.6 21.3 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.0 33.7 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.7 3.8 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 45.4 44.9 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 6.9 5.0 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 199.9 204.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 84.6 .. 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 119.2 .. 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 114 Time to start a business (days) 42 20 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 8 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 288 263 308 Time to export (days) 21 19 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.0 3.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.8 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.3 11.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 5.4 4.6 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 59.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 32.6 34.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 93.4 36.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.8 29.5     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 89 .. 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.3 6.4 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.8 23.9 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.0 12.2 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 84.6 55.0 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 57.1 37.9 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 6.2 7.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.0 12.5 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. 12 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 8.4 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 37.7 69.9 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) .. 32.0 16.2 98 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Haiti Latin America & Caribbean Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.3 10.1 817 Labor force (millions) 3.7 4.3 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 400 700 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) –0.7 1.2 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 15.7 8.4 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 40.4 40.5 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.0 13.7 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.9 55.1 42.4     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 174 Time to start a business (days) 202 105 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 12 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 184 184 286 Time to export (days) 44 33 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 5.7 5.7 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.1 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 24 .. 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.6 2.5 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 16.0     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 34.5 39.2 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 14.5 15.0 30.1 Real interest rate (%) 19.9 4.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 34.8 11.3 10.7     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 37 24 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.4 41.5 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 6.4 8.4 6.0 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 99 Honduras Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.9 7.8 2,533 Labor force (millions) 2.5 3.1 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.2 4.8 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,400 1,980 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.7 3.1 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 13.7 14.5 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.7 27.3 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 20.9 19.2 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.6 58.1 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 8.8 6.8 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 18.9 18.9 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.0 47.6 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 77.5 68.8 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 125 Time to start a business (days) 62 14 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 13 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 424 224 308 Time to export (days) 19 12 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.8 3.8 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 26.6 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 4.5 17.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 6.1 2.8 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 71.0 63.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 8.5 17.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 27.6 23.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 16.5 16.3     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 822 352 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.2 6.0 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.9 25.2 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.4 21.1 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 42.6 46.4 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.7 11.0 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.1 2.9 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 39.4 49.1 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 10.8 8.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.9 10.4 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. 18 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 621 671 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 1.9 2.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 18.6 104.0 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 6.5 15.9 16.2 100 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Hong Kong SAR, China High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.8 7.1 1,135 Labor force (millions) 3.6 3.7 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.6 3.4 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 28,890 36,010 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.2 3.5 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.1 0.1 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 8.7 7.1 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.9 1.8 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 91.3 92.8 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 0.9 5.3 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 7.8 7.8 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 194.7 225.5 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 182.4 221.5 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 2 Time to start a business (days) 11 3 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 3 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 80 78 163 Time to export (days) 13 5 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.1 1.1 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.6 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 73.4 148.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 14.6 27.7 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 22.6 38.4 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.4 22.5 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 31.6 35.5 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 241.7 315.2 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.3 12.4 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.4 0.7 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 143.1 202.2 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 7.9 1.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.5 5.0 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 123 178 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,878 5,923 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 125.5 214.7 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 56.9 74.5 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 101 Hungary High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.1 10.0 1,135 Labor force (millions) 4.3 4.3 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 10.9 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,220 12,730 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.2 –0.5 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.2 3.5 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.0 31.0 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.2 23.2 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.8 65.4 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.6 4.0 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 199.6 201.1 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65.9 92.3 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 68.1 84.9 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 54 Time to start a business (days) 38 5 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 4 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 340 277 163 Time to export (days) 16 17 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.0 2.0 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 12.3 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 21.7 52.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.1 7.6 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 4.0 13.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 24.2 0.7 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 49.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 32.8 48.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 9.8 48.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 27.4 39.4     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.7 6.9 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.8 16.7 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 68.8 80.9 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 41.3 46.1 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.2 10.5 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.3 13.4 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 51.2 65.0 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 5.9 4.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.4 2.1 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 47 121 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 38.0 38.1 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,771 3,876 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 0.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 92.4 117.3 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 39.0 59.0 75.8 102 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Iceland High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.30 0.32 1,135 Labor force (millions) 0.17 0.19 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.6 7.1 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 49,620 34,820 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.0 –0.1 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.3 7.2 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.4 25.1 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.5 15.1 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.3 67.7 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.0 4.0 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 63.0 116.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.7 59.3 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.0 50.8 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 14 Time to start a business (days) 5 5 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 140 140 163 Time to export (days) 15 19 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.0 1.0 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 10.4 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 2.9 1.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 14.9 7.9 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 19.2 7.9 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.3 14.0 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 39.4 119.3 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 68.0 93.0 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.4 17.4 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.1 23.0 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 247.9 97.3 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 11.6 4.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.2 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 12 14 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 35.4 39.9 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 27,988 51,440 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 95.4 106.1 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 87.0 95.0 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 103 India South Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,140.0 1,241.5 2,533 Labor force (millions) 467.3 481.7 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.4 3.5 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 730 1,420 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 6.7 7.9 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 18.8 17.5 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.1 26.7 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.4 14.4 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.1 55.7 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.2 8.9 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 44.3 47.9 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.3 23.9 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.0 30.3 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 132 Time to start a business (days) 71 27 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 12 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 264 243 308 Time to export (days) 27 16 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 4.3 4.3 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.6 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 38.1 70.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.1 0.1 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.7 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 52.3 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 46.6 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 29.5 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 22.5 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 33,775 38,934 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.9 1.7 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.3 30.6 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 23.2 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 61.2 48.5 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 53.7 65.8 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.4 7.1 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 5.2 2.3 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 39.4 49.9 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 6.2 1.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 330 707 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 47.0 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 456 616 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.9 72.0 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 2.4 10.1 16.2 104 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Indonesia East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 227.3 242.3 2,533 Labor force (millions) 109.3 119.9 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.2 6.6 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,220 2,940 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.7 5.8 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 13.1 14.7 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 46.5 47.2 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 27.4 24.3 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.3 38.1 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 10.5 5.4 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 9,704.7 8,770.4 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.1 26.3 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.9 24.9 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 128 Time to start a business (days) 151 47 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 9 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 560 259 308 Time to export (days) 22 17 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 5.5 5.5 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.7 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 23.3 43.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 0.3 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 4.0 1.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 11.2 14.0 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 65.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 34.0 11.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 14.6 15.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 22.1 2.9     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 8,042 848 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.9 2.1 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.6 32.0 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 47.2 26.2 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 38.8 34.4 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.8 11.0 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 7.4 2.1 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 26.4 31.8 40.4 Real interest rate (%) –0.2 3.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 5.5 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 321 518 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 55.4 56.9 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 498 641 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 0.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 20.6 103.1 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 3.6 18.0 16.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 105 Iran, Islamic Rep. Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 69.7 74.8 2,490 Labor force (millions) 24.4 25.9 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.1 .. 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,550 4,520 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 5.9 4.5 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.2 .. 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 44.7 .. 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.7 .. 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 45.1 .. 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 13.4 20.6 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8,964.0 9,864.3 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.1 .. 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.7 .. 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 145 Time to start a business (days) 28 13 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 7 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 344 344 318 Time to export (days) 26 25 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 4.5 4.5 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.8 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 1,345 514 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.6 0.9 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.0 .. 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 .. 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.4 21.1 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 30.0 36.8 84.5 Real interest rate (%) –0.9 11.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.2 –0.2 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 121 130 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 71.0 80.6 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,080 2,652 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.2 74.9 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 8.1 21.0 38.2 106 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Iraq Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 27.6 33.0 2,533 Labor force (millions) 6.3 7.8 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 18.0 .. 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,150 2,640 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) –7.6 5.0 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.6 .. 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 70.1 .. 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 1.7 .. 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 21.3 .. 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 37.0 2.9 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,472.0 1,170.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 165 Time to start a business (days) 77 74 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 10 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 312 312 308 Time to export (days) 102 80 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.6 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 7.8 1.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.5 0.1 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 6.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 29.1 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 49.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 2.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 19.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 4.2     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 984 386 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.6 1.2 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 7.4 17.9 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 2.5 8.7 40.4 Real interest rate (%) –8.5 –12.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 6.7 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. 1 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 816 1,183 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 41.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.6 78.1 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.9 5.0 16.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 107 Ireland High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.2 4.6 1,135 Labor force (millions) 2.1 2.2 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.3 14.4 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 42,250 39,150 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.9 –0.7 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.6 1.0 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 34.5 31.9 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.1 24.2 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 63.9 67.1 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.4 2.6 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 81.1 106.6 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.4 84.3 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 15 Time to start a business (days) 18 10 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 4 4 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 76 80 163 Time to export (days) 7 7 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 0.4 0.4 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.9 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 17.0 14.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 6.0 4.8 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.3 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 11.0 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 37.4 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 28.3 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.2 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 23.1 5.3 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.6 10.3 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 32.9 106.0 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 90.1 103.0 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.7 6.4 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.7 16.1 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 159.5 207.6 157.0 Real interest rate (%) –0.4 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.6 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 304 633 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,242 6,025 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 102.7 108.4 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 41.6 76.8 75.8 108 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Isle of Man High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.08 0.08 1,135 Labor force (millions) .. .. 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.4 .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 38,610 .. 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 5.8 .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.6 .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 163 Time to export (days) .. .. 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.8 0.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 16.2 11.6 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 157.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) .. .. 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 109 Israel High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.9 7.8 1,135 Labor force (millions) 2.8 3.2 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.0 5.6 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 20,180 28,930 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 2.0 4.0 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.3 3.5 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 4.5 3.6 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.7 36.9 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.1 37.8 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 38 Time to start a business (days) 20 21 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 230 235 163 Time to export (days) 12 10 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 4.0 4.0 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.1 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 19.1 .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 4.6 .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.6 4.7 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.6 18.7 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 89.1 94.9 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.6 10.6 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.3 2.5 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 89.8 95.1 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 5.3 3.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.2 3.0 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 34 46 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,572 6,856 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 117.4 121.7 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 25.2 70.0 75.8 110 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Italy High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 58.6 60.7 1,135 Labor force (millions) 24.7 25.3 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.7 8.4 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 30,880 35,320 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 0.9 –0.6 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.2 1.9 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.7 25.2 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.4 16.7 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 71.1 72.9 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.0 2.7 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.9 28.8 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.9 30.3 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 73 Time to start a business (days) 13 6 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 6 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 340 269 163 Time to export (days) 19 19 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.8 1.8 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.9 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 73.6 64.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.9 1.6 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.1 1.3 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.9 19.6 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 112.8 110.8 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 54.0 86.3 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.6 9.4 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 5.3 11.7 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 89.0 122.4 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 3.4 3.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.9 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 446 317 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,669 5,384 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 121.9 157.9 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 35.0 56.8 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 111 Jamaica Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.7 2.7 2,490 Labor force (millions) 1.2 1.2 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.9 12.7 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.9 6.5 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.0 21.5 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.8 9.2 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.0 71.9 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 15.3 7.5 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 63.2 86.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.3 30.9 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55.2 53.8 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 90 Time to start a business (days) 8 7 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 414 368 318 Time to export (days) 19 20 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.1 1.1 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.7 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.7 1.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.0 1.1 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.3 1.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 4.9 14.3 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 66.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 37.0 44.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 6.9 20.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 16.4 16.5     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 1,365 337 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.8 1.2 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.7 20.8 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 121.1 .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 40.4 38.4 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.3 .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 6.8 .. 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 21.0 26.8 84.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 9.9 15.6 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 22 3 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 73.3 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,478 1,223 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 73.9 108.1 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 12.8 31.5 38.2 112 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Japan High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 127.8 127.8 1,135 Labor force (millions) 66.6 66.6 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.4 4.5 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 39,140 44,900 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 1.3 –0.2 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.2 1.2 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.1 27.4 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.9 19.5 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.7 71.5 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) –0.3 –0.3 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 110.2 79.8 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.3 15.2 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 12.9 16.1 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 24 Time to start a business (days) 31 23 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 8 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 315 330 163 Time to export (days) 10 10 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 0.6 0.6 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 26.9 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 80.0 89.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.9 1.1 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.1 0.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.3 20.7 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 144.3 175.0 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 192.3 222.1 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.9 4.8 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.8 2.4 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 188.2 172.8 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 3.0 3.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 1.4 1.0 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 652 605 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 78.2 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 8,213 8,394 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 76.3 105.0 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 66.9 79.5 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 113 Jordan Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.4 6.2 2,490 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.6 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.4 12.9 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,490 4,380 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 6.3 5.7 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.1 3.3 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.9 31.1 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.2 19.4 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.1 65.6 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.5 4.4 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.7 0.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.7 45.6 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 94.2 73.9 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 106 Time to start a business (days) 16 12 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 7 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 136 151 318 Time to export (days) 28 13 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 4.3 4.3 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 12.9 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.8 3.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 0.8 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.7 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 0.9 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 8.6 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 47.1 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 15.5 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 1,758 295 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 15.8 5.1 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.6 24.5 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 23.3 20.1 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 80.0 61.9 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 116.2 100.3 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.2 10.1 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 6.6 8.5 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 88.1 73.5 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 5.5 2.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.7 5.3 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 20 40 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,682 2,226 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 0.9 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 58.7 118.2 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 12.9 34.9 38.2 114 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Kazakhstan Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 15.1 16.6 2,490 Labor force (millions) 7.9 8.9 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.1 5.4 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,950 8,260 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 10.1 5.8 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.8 5.5 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 40.1 40.1 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.8 13.5 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.1 54.3 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 7.6 8.3 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 132.9 146.6 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.5 49.5 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.7 27.7 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 49 Time to start a business (days) 25 19 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 6 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 271 188 318 Time to export (days) 89 81 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.5 1.5 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.9 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 20.4 18.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.0 1.6 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.2 4.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 58.7 25.1 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 36.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 33.9 31.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 6.7 47.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 11.1 10.8     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 1,685 981 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.5 7.0 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.0 20.7 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 23.4 16.1 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 7.0 9.9 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 21.4 29.1 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.0 10.2 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. 30.8 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 35.7 36.0 84.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 17 39 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 91.2 89.5 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,012 4,728 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 35.6 155.7 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 3.0 45.0 38.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 115 Kenya Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 35.6 41.6 817 Labor force (millions) 13.2 16.0 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 520 820 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.4 4.3 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 27.2 28.5 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.1 17.6 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.8 11.0 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.7 53.9 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 10.3 14.0 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 75.6 88.8 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.5 29.1 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.0 46.0 42.4     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 121 Time to start a business (days) 54 32 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 10 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 372 340 286 Time to export (days) 45 26 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 4.5 4.5 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 28.1 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 7.3 .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.4 .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.1 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 32.3 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 22.9 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 40.5 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 9.8 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 1,434 838 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.1 1.0 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 20.4 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.2 14.3 16.0     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 35.8 44.8 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.1 13.2 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 25.6 4.4 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 25.9 38.1 30.1 Real interest rate (%) 7.6 2.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.8 9.4 10.7     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 28 91 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) 14.1 14.3 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 137 156 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 5.8 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.9 67.5 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 3.1 28.0 6.0 116 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Kiribati East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.09 0.10 2,533 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,750 2,030 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 1.9 –0.3 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 23.7 25.3 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 7.8 8.2 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.5 5.5 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.5 66.5 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.3 1.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 9.4 .. 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 76.5 .. 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 117 Time to start a business (days) 31 31 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 120 120 308 Time to export (days) 21 21 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.4 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 0.1 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.5 2.3 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 40.4 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.7 13.6 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 4.0 10.0 16.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 117 Korea, Dem. People's Rep. East Asia & Pacific Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 23.7 24.5 817 Labor force (millions) 14.0 14.7 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 42.4     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 30 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 286 Time to export (days) .. .. 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 16.0     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 30.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.7     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 2 1 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) 2.8 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 812 749 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 4.1 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.0 0.0 6.0 118 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Korea, Rep. High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 48.1 49.8 1,135 Labor force (millions) 23.9 25.2 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.7 3.4 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 16,900 20,870 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.5 3.5 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.3 2.7 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.7 39.2 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 27.5 31.2 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.0 58.1 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.8 4.0 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,024.1 1,108.3 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.3 56.2 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.6 54.1 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 8 Time to start a business (days) 17 7 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 5 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 290 207 163 Time to export (days) 12 7 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.5 1.5 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.2 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 50.3 66.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.4 1.8 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 0.1 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 21.3 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 39.9 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 3.9 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.6 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.7 0.4 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.9 27.4 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 106.8 130.6 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.3 8.1 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.2 1.4 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 87.0 100.2 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 4.9 3.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 1.9 1.6 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 221 286 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 76.8 79.3 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,804 9,744 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 81.5 108.5 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 73.5 83.8 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 119 Kosovo Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.7 1.8 2,533 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 41.4 45.4 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,550 3,510 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 5.9 5.1 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.0 12.0 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.0 20.0 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.3 15.8 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.0 68.0 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) –1.4 7.3 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.1 20.1 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50.8 61.1 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 98 Time to start a business (days) .. 52 31 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. 164 308 Time to export (days) .. 15 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. 2.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.1 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.7 1.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 0.9 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 9.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 7.7 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 64.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 25.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 76.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 7.9     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. 143 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.6 8.5 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.6 31.2 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.9 18.7 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 26.6 39.0 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 9.6 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. 5.7 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 18.8 38.0 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 15.4 8.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.9 10.2 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 26.0 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,169 2,650 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 39.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) .. .. 16.2 120 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Kuwait High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.3 2.8 1,135 Labor force (millions) 1.2 1.4 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.0 .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 34,650 48,900 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 8.9 2.7 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.5 .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 51.0 .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.3 .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 48.5 .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.1 4.7 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.3 0.3 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.0 65.9 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.3 21.1 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 82 Time to start a business (days) 35 32 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 12 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 98 98 163 Time to export (days) 19 16 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 4.2 4.2 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 0.2 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 14.6 17.8 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 53.0 60.2 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.0 12.4 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 4.1 7.3 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 58.5 56.3 157.0 Real interest rate (%) –11.7 –16.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.0 3.0 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 19 30 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 85.0 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 17,123 18,320 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 61.0 175.1 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 25.9 74.2 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 121 Kyrgyz Republic Europe & Central Asia Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.2 5.5 817 Labor force (millions) 2.3 2.6 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.1 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 450 900 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.1 4.8 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 31.9 18.6 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.4 30.8 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.4 20.6 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 45.7 50.6 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.4 16.5 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 41.0 46.1 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.7 54.5 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.7 81.6 42.4     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 70 Time to start a business (days) 21 10 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 2 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 202 210 286 Time to export (days) 64 63 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 4.0 4.0 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.2 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 3.2 3.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.0 0.9 0.3 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.1 4.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 83.8 39.0 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 67.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 13.6 17.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 14.1 25.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 14.7 16.2     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 12 52 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.7 11.2 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 14.4 24.0 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 9.6 18.5 16.0     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 8.2 .. 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 21.3 21.6 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.6 10.2 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.0 .. 30.1 Real interest rate (%) 18.2 14.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 20.8 33.8 10.7     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 5 4 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,835 1,375 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 10.7 116.4 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 10.5 20.0 6.0 122 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Lao PDR East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.8 6.3 2,533 Labor force (millions) 2.8 3.2 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.4 .. 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 460 1,130 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 6.2 7.9 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 36.2 30.8 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.6 34.7 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.9 7.6 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.2 34.5 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 7.2 7.6 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 10,655.2 8,058.4 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.2 37.7 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.5 43.9 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 163 Time to start a business (days) 153 92 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 6 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 672 362 308 Time to export (days) 55 26 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.8 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 0.1 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 4.5 5.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 34.5 23.1 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 42.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 14.1 20.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 58.8 22.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 3.3 11.7     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 1,339 452 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.0 3.6 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.1 27.4 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.5 17.2 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 15.1 32.7 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 7.4 20.8 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 16.7 11.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 22.1 19.6 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 9 11 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 13.4 13.7 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 11.4 87.2 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.9 9.0 16.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 123 Latvia Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.3 2.1 2,490 Labor force (millions) 1.1 1.1 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.9 15.4 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,810 13,320 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 8.0 –1.7 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.0 4.1 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.6 21.8 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.6 12.2 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 74.5 74.1 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 6.7 4.4 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.6 0.5 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 47.8 59.3 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.2 63.2 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 25 Time to start a business (days) 16 16 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 4 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 320 264 318 Time to export (days) 13 10 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.0 3.0 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 4.8 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 8.8 16.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 5.6 11.2 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.2 9.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 30.0 4.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 41.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 27.9 37.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 23.5 93.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 9.5 18.2     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.1 5.3 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.6 22.4 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 30.6 21.6 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. 42.5 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 34.6 37.7 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.6 9.4 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.7 13.9 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 68.2 82.7 84.5 Real interest rate (%) –3.7 0.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.3 5.9 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 23 54 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 20.9 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,703 3,026 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 0.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 81.2 102.9 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 46.0 71.7 38.2 124 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Lebanon Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.1 4.3 2,490 Labor force (millions) 1.3 1.5 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.9 .. 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,710 9,140 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.0 6.7 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.2 5.9 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.3 20.6 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.7 8.2 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 72.4 73.5 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. 4.0 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,507.5 1,507.5 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.4 23.7 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.6 50.4 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 115 Time to start a business (days) 46 9 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 5 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 180 180 318 Time to export (days) 25 22 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 4.0 4.0 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.1 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 12.0 8.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 23.7 19.2 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 53.5 23.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 71.6 117.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 20.9 17.9     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 291 .. 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 12.0 8.7 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.2 32.0 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.5 29.7 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 217.4 226.7 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.5 7.5 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 16.4 3.7 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 68.5 89.6 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 11.4 2.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.5 1.6 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 12 21 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,789 3,569 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 24.5 78.6 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 10.1 52.0 38.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 125 Lesotho Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.1 2.2 2,533 Labor force (millions) 0.85 0.91 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 850 1,210 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 2.8 4.7 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.0 7.8 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.1 33.7 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.4 11.7 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.9 58.5 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.4 5.0 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.4 7.3 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.9 46.4 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 120.9 112.6 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 136 Time to start a business (days) 93 24 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 7 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 564 324 308 Time to export (days) 44 31 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.6 2.6 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.1 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.8 1.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.7 1.2 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 19.8 5.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 9.2 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 59.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 11.9 32.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 13.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 8.6 24.7     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 88 13 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.1 5.4 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.1 34.9 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.8 17.6 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 25.1 36.7 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.2 9.8 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.0 2.2 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.9 15.3 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 5.1 4.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.8 7.7 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 53.0 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 4.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.1 56.2 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 2.6 4.2 16.2 126 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Liberia Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.2 4.1 817 Labor force (millions) 1.1 1.4 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.6 3.7 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 120 330 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) –1.0 12.0 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 67.0 53.1 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 7.3 10.2 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.2 3.5 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 25.7 36.7 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 10.8 8.5 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 57.1 72.2 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.8 27.5 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 76.3 93.3 42.4     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 149 Time to start a business (days) 68 6 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 4 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 158 158 286 Time to export (days) 20 15 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.0 3.0 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.3 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 7.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 54.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 66.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 10.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 2.4     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 70 15 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 15.3 84.9 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.3 25.0 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.2 19.0 16.0     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 6.7 16.4 30.1 Real interest rate (%) 6.2 2.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.6 10.7 10.7     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.0 49.2 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.0 3.0 6.0 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 127 Libya Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.8 6.4 2,490 Labor force (millions) 2.1 2.4 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,460 12,320 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.7 4.5 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.3 .. 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 75.5 .. 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.7 .. 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 22.2 .. 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.7 2.5 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.4 1.3 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 66.4 .. 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.3 .. 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 40 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 318 Time to export (days) .. .. 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.4 2.2 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.8 .. 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 1.7 .. 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.6 41.2 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 7.7 10.9 84.5 Real interest rate (%) –14.8 57.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.0 3.5 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 13 26 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,413 4,270 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 34.7 155.7 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 3.9 17.0 38.2 128 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Liechtenstein High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.03 0.04 1,135 Labor force (millions) .. .. 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 92,780 137,070 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 0.5 3.0 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.2 1.1 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 163 Time to export (days) .. .. 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 25.1 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 157.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 79.3 101.8 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 63.4 85.0 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 129 Lithuania Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.4 3.0 2,490 Labor force (millions) 1.6 1.5 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.3 15.4 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,380 12,980 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 8.0 0.5 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.8 3.5 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.9 28.2 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 20.8 16.4 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.3 68.3 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.6 4.1 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.8 2.5 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.5 77.8 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.6 79.3 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 27 Time to start a business (days) 26 20 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 7 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 166 175 318 Time to export (days) 10 9 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.7 1.5 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 5.9 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 4.5 5.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.8 2.2 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 4.5 9.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 35.4 3.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 50.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 21.8 47.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 37.5 63.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.5 15.6     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 1,507 161 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.6 3.4 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.8 17.6 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.1 .. 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 21.4 43.7 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 31.9 37.9 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.9 10.8 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.6 16.3 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 40.9 53.7 84.5 Real interest rate (%) –1.3 3.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.9 4.3 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 12 3 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 28.3 29.3 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,101 3,271 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 0.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 127.5 151.3 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 36.2 65.1 38.2 130 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Luxembourg High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.47 0.52 1,135 Labor force (millions) 0.21 0.24 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.5 4.9 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 69,180 77,390 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.5 1.3 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.4 0.3 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.6 13.4 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.2 6.9 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 82.9 86.3 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.5 3.4 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 155.8 176.5 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 130.3 145.3 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 56 Time to start a business (days) 26 19 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 59 59 163 Time to export (days) 7 7 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.0 2.0 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 4.1 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.8 2.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 5.6 7.3 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 172.7 31.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.4 19.0 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 3.6 16.8 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 362.7 327.5 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.1 5.7 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.2 0.4 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 129.1 170.7 157.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 42 41 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 15,642 16,834 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 111.5 148.3 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 70.0 90.9 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 131 Macao SAR, China High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.48 0.56 1,135 Labor force (millions) 0.26 0.35 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.2 2.6 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 23,410 45,460 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 12.8 11.9 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.0 0.0 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.2 7.4 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.3 0.9 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 84.8 92.6 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.4 5.8 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.0 8.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 94.6 112.4 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.3 53.6 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 163 Time to export (days) .. .. 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 15.0 5.8 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 12.3 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 140.5 98.7 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 45.3 56.8 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 1.2 –1.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.5 5.2 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 24 15 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 110.7 243.5 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 34.9 58.0 75.8 132 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Macedonia, FYR Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.0 2.1 2,490 Labor force (millions) 0.86 0.95 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 37.3 31.4 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,900 4,810 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 1.9 3.3 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.3 11.0 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.2 27.9 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.4 13.9 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.5 61.1 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 0.2 3.9 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 49.3 44.2 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.1 54.5 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.1 74.1 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 23 Time to start a business (days) 48 2 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 2 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 192 119 318 Time to export (days) 17 12 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.0 2.0 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.2 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 8.0 6.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 5.6 4.1 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.7 14.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 32.8 8.1 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 73.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 17.7 47.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 8.5 27.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 14.1 21.5     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 707 58 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.4 4.7 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.6 20.5 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.6 13.5 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 31.4 50.2 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 15.9 11.0 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 15.0 9.5 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 24.4 45.1 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 8.1 5.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 3.0 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 2 1 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 55.6 57.6 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,411 3,591 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 0.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 55.5 107.2 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 26.5 56.7 38.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 133 Madagascar Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 17.9 21.3 817 Labor force (millions) 8.6 10.5 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.6 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 300 430 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 2.0 2.5 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 28.3 29.1 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.8 16.0 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.0 14.1 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.9 54.9 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 18.5 9.5 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2,003.0 2,025.1 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.2 26.1 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.6 37.1 42.4     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 142 Time to start a business (days) 38 8 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 2 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 400 201 286 Time to export (days) 48 21 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.0 2.0 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.0 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 0.1 0.3 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 20.8 17.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 6.8 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 62.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 18.5 12.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 92.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 6.6 8.7     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 74 124 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.7 9.2 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.2 33.0 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.5 29.8 16.0     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.2 17.0 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.7 .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 19.6 .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.9 11.0 30.1 Real interest rate (%) 7.4 41.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.3 41.9 10.7     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 18 12 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 16.3 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 11.4 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.9 40.7 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.6 1.9 6.0 134 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Malawi Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 12.8 15.4 817 Labor force (millions) 5.7 6.9 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.8 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 220 360 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 2.5 7.2 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 32.6 30.2 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.0 19.3 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.2 11.9 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.3 50.5 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 15.4 7.6 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 118.4 156.5 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.0 29.6 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.2 39.5 42.4     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 157 Time to start a business (days) 39 39 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 10 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 370 175 286 Time to export (days) 45 34 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.6 2.6 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.6 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.4 0.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.1 0.1 0.3 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.8 3.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 15.3 11.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 77.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 20.6 20.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 98.5 59.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.2 17.9     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 36 455 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.1 1.6 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.2 13.5 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.0 6.6 16.0     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.0 24.7 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 7.9 19.8 30.1 Real interest rate (%) 19.9 19.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 22.2 19.6 10.7     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 5 3 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) 45.0 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 6.4 0.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 3.3 25.7 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.4 3.3 6.0 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 135 Malaysia East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 26.1 28.9 2,490 Labor force (millions) 11.0 12.2 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.5 3.4 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,190 8,770 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 5.1 4.2 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.3 11.9 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 46.4 40.3 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 27.5 24.4 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 45.4 47.9 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.0 3.2 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.8 3.1 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 112.9 91.6 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 91.0 75.7 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 12 Time to start a business (days) 37 6 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 3 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 190 133 318 Time to export (days) 13 11 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.3 1.5 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 7.5 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 37.7 45.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.3 2.4 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 7.8 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 48.6 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 10.7 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 54.0 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 20,698 869 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.7 4.2 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.3 22.1 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.2 12.7 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 42.1 51.8 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 109.2 128.9 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.7 8.9 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 9.6 2.7 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 106.5 112.2 84.5 Real interest rate (%) –2.7 –0.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.0 2.0 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 176 307 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 81.3 80.4 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,829 4,117 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 74.9 127.0 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 48.6 61.0 38.2 136 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Maldives South Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.30 0.32 2,490 Labor force (millions) 0.12 0.16 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 14.4 .. 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,380 5,720 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 6.9 7.1 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.0 5.5 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.5 12.7 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.6 5.4 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 76.5 81.8 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.5 12.8 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 12.8 14.6 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.8 113.5 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 87.5 110.5 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 95 Time to start a business (days) 9 9 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 0 252 318 Time to export (days) 21 21 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.5 1.5 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.5 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.7 0.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.2 3.1 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 40 19 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.3 13.7 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 40.4 .. 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 39.8 68.4 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 44.6 83.8 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 45.5 53.7 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 11.8 5.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.5 6.0 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 5 5 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 69.0 165.7 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 6.9 34.0 38.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 137 Mali Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 13.2 15.8 817 Labor force (millions) 3.6 4.4 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.8 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 390 610 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 5.9 4.7 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 36.6 38.9 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.2 21.0 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.2 .. 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.3 40.2 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 6.4 2.9 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 471.9 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.6 25.1 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.3 35.7 42.4     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 151 Time to start a business (days) 41 8 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 4 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 270 270 286 Time to export (days) 44 26 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.6 3.6 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 10.9 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.4 2.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 31.1 20.2 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 72.8 75.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 7.0 29.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 48.4 32.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 8.6 24.8     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 504 229 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.3 1.6 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.6 21.8 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.0 12.0 16.0     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.1 21.9 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 17.2 20.5 30.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.7     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. 6 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) 19.0 24.6 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 3.0 2.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.8 68.3 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.5 2.0 6.0 138 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Malta High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.40 0.42 1,135 Labor force (millions) 0.16 0.18 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.3 6.4 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 14,380 18,620 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 0.8 2.0 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.6 1.9 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.8 32.7 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.1 13.4 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.5 65.4 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.0 2.7 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 76.8 98.0 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 79.9 93.1 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 102 Time to start a business (days) .. 40 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. 139 163 Time to export (days) .. 11 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. 3.0 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 29.2 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 2.4 2.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 8.8 9.5 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 11.6 5.3 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.0 15.0 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 83.1 86.5 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 137.6 148.4 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.9 6.5 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.9 7.3 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 106.1 133.7 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 2.9 3.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.8 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 15 15 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 87.5 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,913 4,151 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 79.2 124.9 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 41.2 69.2 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 139 Marshall Islands East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.05 0.05 2,533 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,560 3,910 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 1.8 1.5 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 101 Time to start a business (days) 17 17 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 128 128 308 Time to export (days) 21 21 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.0 2.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.7 4.2 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 40.4 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 3 3 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.3 .. 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 3.9 3.5 16.2 140 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Mauritania Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.0 3.5 817 Labor force (millions) 0.93 1.1 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 32.5 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 720 1,030 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.5 4.0 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 30.5 13.3 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.2 49.8 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.0 3.4 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 36.3 36.9 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 12.1 5.7 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 265.5 281.1 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.7 65.6 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 82.5 59.2 42.4     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 167 Time to start a business (days) 82 19 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 9 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 696 696 286 Time to export (days) 40 34 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 8.0 8.0 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.8 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 48.2 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 65.2 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 3.2 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7.5 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 5.9 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 92 .. 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 37.3 1.1 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 59.0 32.6 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 52.1 26.7 16.0     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 22.0 24.6 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.9 26.0 30.1 Real interest rate (%) 12.3 4.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 15.1 9.0 10.7     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 2 3 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) 30.3 29.7 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 3.3 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 24.5 93.6 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.7 4.5 6.0 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 141 Mauritius Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.2 1.3 2,490 Labor force (millions) 0.55 0.60 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.6 7.9 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,360 8,040 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.3 4.5 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.0 3.7 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.6 26.1 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.8 17.7 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 66.4 70.2 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.9 6.5 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 29.5 28.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.9 54.1 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65.9 66.4 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 19 Time to start a business (days) 46 6 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 5 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 161 161 318 Time to export (days) 13 10 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.7 1.7 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.6 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 6.3 7.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 7.3 7.9 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.6 9.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 0.3 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 51.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 48.4 37.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 18.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 28.4 11.1     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 393 25 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.7 2.4 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.4 23.7 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.1 18.2 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. 36.3 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 91.4 92.1 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.3 7.2 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.0 2.8 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 75.3 91.4 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 16.1 4.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.8 1.8 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 15 12 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 98.0 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 52.3 99.0 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 15.2 35.0 38.2 142 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Mexico Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 106.5 114.8 2,490 Labor force (millions) 44.3 50.7 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.5 5.3 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,820 9,420 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 1.9 1.4 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.7 3.8 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 34.0 36.5 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.4 18.3 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.3 59.7 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.0 3.4 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 10.9 12.4 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.1 31.7 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.6 33.0 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 48 Time to start a business (days) 58 9 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 6 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 552 337 318 Time to export (days) 13 12 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.8 1.8 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.6 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 40.4 65.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 0.9 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 20.5 13.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 9.6 10.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 69.7 70.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 2.6 16.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 8.3 17.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 20.3 24.0     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 29,001 5,960 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.9 1.8 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.0 21.1 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.5 20.6 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 21.7 26.7 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.5 9.9 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.8 2.1 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 16.6 26.1 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 4.9 –0.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.2 4.0 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 331 344 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 37.0 36.4 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,927 1,990 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 0.8 1.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 44.3 82.4 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 17.2 36.2 38.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 143 Micronesia, Fed. Sts. East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.11 0.11 2,533 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,510 2,860 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 0.4 –0.1 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 150 Time to start a business (days) 16 16 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 128 128 308 Time to export (days) 30 30 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 5.3 5.3 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 12.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 0.0 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 41.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 7.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 67.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 6.0     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 2.5 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 19.8 19.6 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 14.0 10.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 14.8 13.8 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 4.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.9 24.8 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 11.9 20.0 16.2 144 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Moldova Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.6 3.6 2,533 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.2 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.3 6.7 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 890 1,980 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 7.1 3.3 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 19.5 14.8 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.3 13.9 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.9 13.5 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.1 71.3 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 11.8 7.7 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 12.6 11.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.1 45.0 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 91.7 86.2 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 83 Time to start a business (days) 30 9 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 7 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 234 220 308 Time to export (days) 32 32 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.8 2.8 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 4.6 4.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.5 1.3 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.7 7.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 45.2 15.5 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 46.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 27.0 30.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 30.4 24.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 7.2 9.1     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 171 .. 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.4 4.2 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.6 23.2 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 22.6 21.7 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 32.4 23.8 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 29.9 36.6 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 15.7 15.8 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 5.3 10.7 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.6 33.6 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 9.1 6.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 6.9 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 4 6 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 86.3 86.2 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,534 1,049 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 0.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 28.9 104.8 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 14.6 38.0 16.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 145 Monaco High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.04 0.04 1,135 Labor force (millions) .. .. 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 123,100 .. 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 1.7 10.3 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 163 Time to export (days) .. .. 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 157.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 12 13 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 48.8 89.7 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 55.5 75.0 75.8 146 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Mongolia East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.5 2.8 2,533 Labor force (millions) 1.1 1.2 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.3 .. 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 890 2,310 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 6.7 7.3 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.1 14.5 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.2 36.3 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.4 7.1 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 41.7 49.2 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 12.7 9.5 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,205.3 1,265.5 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 58.8 62.3 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 63.6 86.8 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 76 Time to start a business (days) 13 12 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 204 192 308 Time to export (days) 33 49 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 4.0 4.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 10.2 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.0 12.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 20.8 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 43.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 42.3 26.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 6.7 20.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 20.5 16.7     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 22 .. 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.3 53.8 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.9 49.4 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 40.2 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 50.5 46.9 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 32.2 53.6 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 27.6 51.6 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 8.7 4.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.6 6.1 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 5 6 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 3.5 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,278 1,530 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.4 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 21.9 105.1 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 2.0 20.0 16.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 147 Montenegro Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.63 0.63 2,490 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 30.3 19.7 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,580 7,140 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 2.8 3.7 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.5 9.5 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.7 19.5 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.8 6.0 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.8 71.0 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.9 3.2 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.8 40.2 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.3 66.2 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 51 Time to start a business (days) 24 10 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 6 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 372 320 318 Time to export (days) 14 14 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.0 1.4 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 7.1 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 4.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 10.4 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 12.7 6.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 3.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 27.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 18.6 75.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 30.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.0 13.0     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 248 25 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 25.5 12.4 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.0 18.4 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.3 13.8 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 22.4 47.9 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 15.3 10.9 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 5.3 15.5 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 18.0 55.8 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 2.0 8.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.1 6.6 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 6 .. 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 64.4 69.1 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,371 5,547 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 3.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 86.7 185.3 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 27.1 40.0 38.2 148 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Morocco Middle East & North Afica Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 30.4 32.3 2,533 Labor force (millions) 11.0 11.6 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.0 8.9 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,960 2,970 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 5.0 4.7 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.7 15.1 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.2 29.9 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.3 15.5 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.1 55.1 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.0 0.9 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.9 8.1 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.3 34.6 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.9 48.0 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 97 Time to start a business (days) 12 12 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 358 238 308 Time to export (days) 17 11 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.8 1.8 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.2 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 11.3 26.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 1.3 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.2 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 10.7 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 47.7 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 26.5 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 18.8 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 22.3 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 7,389 803 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.8 2.5 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.5 30.6 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 23.8 24.9 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 57.3 56.3 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 70.9 89.7 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.7 8.1 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 15.7 4.8 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 46.2 71.2 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 9.9 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.0 .. 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 49 84 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 61.9 70.4 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 636 781 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 0.8 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 40.8 113.3 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 15.1 51.0 16.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 149 Mozambique Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 20.8 23.9 817 Labor force (millions) 9.9 11.3 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 300 460 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 8.5 6.8 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 26.4 29.8 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.8 23.0 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.1 13.3 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 48.9 47.2 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 7.2 10.4 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 23.1 29.1 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.7 29.0 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.9 45.5 42.4     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 146 Time to start a business (days) 153 13 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 14 9 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 230 230 286 Time to export (days) 27 23 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 5.0 5.0 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 27.7 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.3 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 9.8 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 75.5 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 10.5 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 12.7 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 18.7 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 1,663 508 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.9 16.3 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 24.3 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.1 10.7 16.0     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 23.6 36.9 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.6 9.0 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.5 2.6 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 11.8 24.0 30.1 Real interest rate (%) 10.1 7.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.7 6.1 10.7     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 10 13 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 20.8 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 445 444 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 1.6 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.2 32.8 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.9 4.3 6.0 150 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Myanmar East Asia & Pacific Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 46.3 48.3 817 Labor force (millions) 26.0 28.4 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 12.8 .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 48.4 .. 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.2 .. 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.6 .. 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 35.4 .. 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 9.4 5.0 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 0.2 .. 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 0.1 .. 42.4     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 30 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 286 Time to export (days) .. .. 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.7 .. 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 16.0     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 8.1 .. 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.7 .. 30.1 Real interest rate (%) 11.1 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.5 5.0 10.7     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 26 4 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) 11.9 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 79 131 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.3 2.6 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.1 1.0 6.0 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 151 Namibia Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.1 2.3 2,490 Labor force (millions) 0.78 0.96 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 21.9 .. 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,300 4,700 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 5.4 3.9 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 11.3 7.9 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.2 31.0 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.6 13.5 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.5 61.1 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.3 5.0 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.4 7.3 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.5 44.7 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.3 52.4 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 87 Time to start a business (days) 95 66 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 10 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 375 350 318 Time to export (days) 25 25 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.5 1.5 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.2 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.9 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 2.6 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 33.1 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 8.1 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 9.2 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.6 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 36 36 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.4 7.7 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.6 21.0 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.2 12.4 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 41.2 .. 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.8 7.8 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.3 1.5 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 51.8 48.9 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 4.8 1.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.4 4.4 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 6 9 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 12.8 14.5 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,416 1,479 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 0.4 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 21.6 96.4 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 4.0 12.0 38.2 152 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Nepal South Asia Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 27.3 30.5 817 Labor force (millions) 14.0 16.5 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 290 540 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.2 4.6 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 35.9 31.8 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.7 15.3 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.2 6.4 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 46.4 52.9 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 6.8 9.5 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 72.5 72.5 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.6 8.9 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.5 32.8 42.4     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 108 Time to start a business (days) 31 29 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 408 326 286 Time to export (days) 43 41 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 5.0 5.0 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.2 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 6.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 14.9 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 49.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 17.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 8.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 3.1     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 124 .. 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 0.5 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.9 21.2 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.0 16.3 16.0     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 51.8 33.8 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 41.7 63.9 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 28.7 52.9 30.1 Real interest rate (%) 1.5 -6.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.9 4.4 10.7     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 6 2 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) 56.1 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 73 93 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 51.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.8 43.8 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.8 9.0 6.0 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 153 Netherlands High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 16.3 16.7 1,135 Labor force (millions) 8.6 8.9 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.7 4.4 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 39,880 49,660 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 1.2 1.0 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.1 2.0 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.2 23.9 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.3 13.3 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 73.7 74.2 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.7 2.4 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.6 83.0 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.1 74.1 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 31 Time to start a business (days) 9 5 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 5 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 250 127 163 Time to export (days) 6 6 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.1 1.1 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.6 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 29.1 35.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.6 3.2 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.9 1.7 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 17.7 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 51.5 66.0 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 112.9 132.1 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 3.1 4.3 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.2 2.7 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 165.0 198.4 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 0.3 0.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 0.4 –0.6 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 241 214 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,988 7,010 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 97.1 115.4 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 81.0 92.3 75.8 154 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development New Caledonia High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.23 0.25 1,135 Labor force (millions) 0.10 0.11 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 163 Time to export (days) .. .. 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 157.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. 3 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 58.1 89.2 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 32.4 50.0 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 155 New Zealand High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.1 4.4 1,135 Labor force (millions) 2.2 2.4 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.8 6.5 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 24,990 29,140 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.1 0.3 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.4 .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.1 .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.3 .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.5 .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.0 4.4 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.4 1.3 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.4 30.0 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.6 28.7 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 3 Time to start a business (days) 12 1 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 2 1 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 172 152 163 Time to export (days) 10 10 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.3 1.3 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 28.8 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 65.6 42.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 23.9 14.5 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.4 2.7 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.0 18.7 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 44.8 63.6 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 78.0 94.3 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.5 6.5 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.3 1.7 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 122.4 147.2 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 5.4 3.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 1.1 1.8 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 209 201 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 64.9 66.2 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 9,674 9,566 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 85.4 109.2 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 62.7 86.0 75.8 156 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Nicaragua Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.4 5.9 2,533 Labor force (millions) 2.1 2.4 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.6 8.0 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,170 1,510 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.1 2.7 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 17.7 20.0 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.1 25.8 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.9 18.1 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.2 54.2 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 9.6 8.1 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 16.7 22.4 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.4 41.1 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 47.3 60.5 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 119 Time to start a business (days) 39 39 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 8 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 240 207 308 Time to export (days) 38 21 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.2 2.2 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.9 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.3 20.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 2.6 4.2 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 73.4 62.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 13.0 21.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 62.7 24.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 18.7 15.5     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 449 314 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.8 10.4 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 26.0 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.7 20.6 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 36.2 38.1 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.3 .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 12.6 .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 22.6 25.3 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 2.0 0.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.1 8.7 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 12.0 12.9 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 414 473 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 9.3 4.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 20.6 82.2 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 2.6 10.6 16.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 157 Niger Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 13.0 16.1 817 Labor force (millions) 4.3 5.3 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 260 360 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.7 4.5 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 39.6 .. 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.1 .. 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.3 .. 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 43.2 .. 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 7.8 2.9 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 471.9 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.0 .. 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.2 .. 42.4     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 176 Time to start a business (days) 35 17 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 9 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 270 270 286 Time to export (days) 59 59 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 5.0 5.0 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.3 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.0 0.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 0.3 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 11.4 22.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 17.1 13.7 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 86.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 14.6 9.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 20.6 37.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 4.8 4.6     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 89 103 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.5 16.8 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.5 .. 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.2 .. 16.0     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 7.7 11.8 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 6.8 14.2 30.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.7     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) 20.6 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 20.7 18.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.5 29.5 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.2 1.3 6.0 158 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Nigeria Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 139.8 162.5 2,533 Labor force (millions) 43.7 51.7 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 630 1,280 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 6.6 6.8 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 32.8 .. 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 43.5 .. 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.8 .. 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 23.7 .. 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 17.9 10.8 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 131.3 154.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.5 39.6 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.0 35.6 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 131 Time to start a business (days) 43 34 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 8 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 1,120 956 308 Time to export (days) 41 24 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.0 2.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.3 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 29.0 72.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.4 0.8 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.1 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 22.9 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 60.1 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 2.7 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7.5 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 8.5 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 11,225 1,743 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.4 3.6 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 3.6 .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.9 34.0 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.4 3.9 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 18.1 11.6 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 13.2 21.1 40.4 Real interest rate (%) –1.5 13.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.4 10.3 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 10 59 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 15.0 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 128 136 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 25.2 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.3 58.6 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 3.5 28.4 16.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 159 Northern Mariana Islands High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.07 0.06 1,135 Labor force (millions) .. .. 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.5 .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 163 Time to export (days) .. .. 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 157.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 29.9 .. 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) .. .. 75.8 160 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Norway High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.6 5.0 1,135 Labor force (millions) 2.4 2.7 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.6 3.3 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 62,490 88,870 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 2.1 0.7 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.5 1.6 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 42.6 40.2 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.7 9.2 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.9 58.2 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.5 1.3 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.4 5.6 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.1 42.1 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.8 28.3 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 6 Time to start a business (days) 8 7 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 87 87 163 Time to export (days) 7 7 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 0.9 0.9 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.4 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 16.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 4.9 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.5 1.5 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.2 20.2 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 35.9 20.4 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 51.1 .. 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.4 6.8 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.7 1.7 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 80.9 .. 157.0 Real interest rate (%) –4.5 11.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.2 2.0 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 254 353 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 79.6 80.7 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 25,083 25,175 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 102.8 115.6 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 82.0 94.0 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 161 Oman High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.4 2.8 1,135 Labor force (millions) 0.90 1.3 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,190 19,260 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.1 6.0 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.9 .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 55.1 .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.3 .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 43.0 .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.9 4.1 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.4 0.4 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 58.6 52.6 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.2 41.5 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 47 Time to start a business (days) 35 8 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 5 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 52 62 163 Time to export (days) 14 10 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 4.0 4.0 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 10.0 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.4 3.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.8 1.7 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 31.0 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 14.7 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 10.8 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.0 1.1 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 8.6 5.1 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 26.8 35.0 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 14.6 11.3 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 7.0 2.4 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 30.8 39.0 157.0 Real interest rate (%) –11.1 –9.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.8 3.4 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 32 39 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 39.7 46.0 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,240 5,933 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 54.9 169.0 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 6.7 68.0 75.8 162 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Pakistan South Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 158.6 176.7 2,533 Labor force (millions) 51.5 61.5 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.1 .. 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 710 1,120 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 5.0 3.7 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 21.5 21.6 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.1 24.9 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.6 18.6 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.4 53.4 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 9.1 11.9 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 59.3 85.8 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.7 14.2 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.6 19.2 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 107 Time to start a business (days) 24 21 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 10 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 560 560 308 Time to export (days) 31 21 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.8 2.8 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.9 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 4.0 3.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 1.9 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 58.8 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 12.4 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 9.7 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 106.3 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 9.6 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 7,642 1,030 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.0 0.6 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.5 11.5 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.1 8.6 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.9 29.1 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.9 9.6 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 8.3 16.2 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 28.6 18.4 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 1.9 –3.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.5 6.2 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 49 66 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 65.4 72.2 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 448 457 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 31.7 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 8.1 61.6 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 6.3 9.0 16.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 163 Palau East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.02 0.02 2,490 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.2 .. 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,770 6,510 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 0.9 –1.5 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.5 .. 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.1 .. 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 0.5 .. 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 80.4 .. 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 77.2 103.3 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 80.8 93.8 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 111 Time to start a business (days) 24 28 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 8 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 128 142 318 Time to export (days) 29 29 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.0 1.0 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 65.8 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.6 1.2 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 84.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 30.4 74.9 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 27.0 .. 38.2 164 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Panama Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.2 3.6 2,490 Labor force (millions) 1.5 1.7 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.8 4.5 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,640 7,470 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.4 8.5 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.0 4.0 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.6 16.6 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.4 5.6 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 76.5 79.4 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.2 5.9 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 75.5 80.8 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.1 84.1 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 61 Time to start a business (days) 18 7 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 560 431 318 Time to export (days) 9 9 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.5 2.5 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 12.5 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 12.6 0.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 6.1 0.1 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 10.3 33.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 7.7 6.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 40.1 51.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 19.2 1.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 10.2 1.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 14.7 22.5     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 712 651 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.1 12.0 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.8 27.5 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.4 16.7 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 73.8 86.2 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.8 11.8 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.8 0.9 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 87.1 105.2 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 6.8 18.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 4.6 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 30 62 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 34.1 42.0 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,496 1,832 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 3.1 0.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 54.0 188.6 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 11.5 42.7 38.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 165 Papua New Guinea East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.1 7.0 2,533 Labor force (millions) 2.7 3.1 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 4.0 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 680 1,480 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 1.6 6.6 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 38.6 35.9 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 41.4 44.6 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.5 5.9 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 19.9 19.5 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.8 8.4 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.1 2.4 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 73.6 51.0 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.1 48.1 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 104 Time to start a business (days) 51 51 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 207 207 308 Time to export (days) 23 23 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.0 3.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.0 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.6 –2.4 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.1 14.8 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 69.7 .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 25.3 .. 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 14.0 28.6 40.4 Real interest rate (%) –3.8 1.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.6 9.9 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 20 36 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.2 34.2 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.7 2.0 16.2 166 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Paraguay Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.9 6.6 2,533 Labor force (millions) 2.7 3.2 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.8 5.6 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,260 3,020 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 1.7 5.3 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 21.1 23.5 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.7 19.6 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.9 11.9 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.2 56.9 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 6.8 8.3 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6,178.0 4,183.1 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50.2 48.5 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55.5 56.9 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 103 Time to start a business (days) 74 35 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 17 7 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 328 387 308 Time to export (days) 35 33 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.9 3.9 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.6 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 7.9 20.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 24.4 14.6 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 76.7 75.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 8.2 30.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 27.2 23.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 7.0 15.0     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 199 164 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 1.7 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.4 17.7 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 19.1 27.3 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.0 9.0 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 6.6 1.7 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 17.6 41.1 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 25.4 19.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 28.2 25.1 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 10 6 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 15.2 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 849 1,134 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 1.8 2.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 32.0 99.4 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 7.9 23.9 16.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 167 Peru Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 27.6 29.4 2,490 Labor force (millions) 12.8 15.8 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.4 7.8 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,710 5,150 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.3 6.9 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.2 6.4 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 34.3 36.4 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.4 14.0 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.5 57.2 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.6 3.4 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.3 2.8 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.1 28.7 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.2 24.8 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 43 Time to start a business (days) 102 26 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 5 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 424 293 318 Time to export (days) 22 12 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.1 3.1 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 26.7 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 23.3 48.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.4 2.5 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 13.5 14.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 1.6 8.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 64.1 68.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 30.9 45.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 81.6 33.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 14.6 14.2     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 5,415 2,393 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.2 4.7 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 24.1 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.5 19.6 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 31.2 19.5 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 22.7 29.5 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.7 10.1 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 6.3 2.9 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 18.6 26.4 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 21.9 13.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 22.9 16.3 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 61 71 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 13.9 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 839 1,106 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 0.2 0.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 20.3 110.4 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 17.1 36.5 38.2 168 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Philippines East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 85.5 94.9 2,533 Labor force (millions) 34.8 39.7 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.7 7.0 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,210 2,210 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.7 4.6 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.7 12.8 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.8 31.4 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 24.1 21.0 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.5 55.8 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 6.5 4.6 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 55.1 43.3 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.1 31.0 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.7 36.0 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 138 Time to start a business (days) 47 36 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 17 16 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 195 193 308 Time to export (days) 17 15 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 5.7 5.7 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 21.1 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 13.5 11.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 0.2 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.9 9.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 21.8 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 37.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 21.8 21.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 23.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 15.8 15.7     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 8,988 1,059 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.6 0.8 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.9 19.1 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.8 16.8 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 73.9 .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 53.5 52.2 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.0 11.1 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 10.0 2.6 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 29.1 31.8 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 4.1 2.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.6 3.3 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 59 201 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 9.9 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 582 643 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 0.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 40.7 99.3 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 5.4 29.0 16.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 169 Poland High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 38.2 38.5 1,135 Labor force (millions) 17.4 18.4 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 17.7 9.6 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,270 12,380 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.2 4.5 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.5 3.5 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.7 31.6 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.5 18.5 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.8 64.8 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.1 4.2 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.2 3.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.1 42.2 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.8 43.5 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 55 Time to start a business (days) 31 32 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 6 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 418 286 163 Time to export (days) 17 17 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.0 3.0 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.4 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 13.0 14.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.5 0.5 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.9 12.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 30.4 4.8 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 32.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 33.3 40.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 9.4 83.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 19.6 17.3     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.6 3.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.2 19.9 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 41.4 .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.3 50.7 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.9 7.7 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 11.0 8.2 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 28.9 54.9 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 4.1 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.0 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 79 81 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 66.5 69.9 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,437 3,783 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 0.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 76.4 131.0 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 38.8 64.9 75.8 170 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Portugal High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.5 10.6 1,135 Labor force (millions) 5.5 5.6 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.6 12.7 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 18,060 21,370 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 0.7 0.0 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.8 2.4 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.9 23.1 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.0 13.5 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 72.3 74.5 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.3 3.7 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.7 35.5 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.1 39.3 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 30 Time to start a business (days) 54 5 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 5 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 328 275 163 Time to export (days) 20 13 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.0 2.0 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.5 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 25.8 27.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.7 3.9 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 1.1 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 52.1 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 24.4 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 5.7 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.7 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.3 5.5 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 18.1 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 70.3 92.6 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 89.7 133.5 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.8 5.3 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.5 7.5 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 140.7 192.3 157.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 149 146 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 86.0 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,663 4,929 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 108.6 115.4 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 35.0 55.3 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 171 Puerto Rico High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.8 3.7 1,135 Labor force (millions) 1.5 1.3 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.3 15.7 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 14,530 16,560 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 1.9 –1.9 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.6 0.6 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 47.9 50.1 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 43.0 46.4 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.5 49.3 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 82.8 77.9 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 101.0 92.3 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 41 Time to start a business (days) 7 6 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 6 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 140 218 163 Time to export (days) 15 15 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.8 2.5 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.8 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 14.4 9.1 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 157.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 95.0 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 52.7 83.0 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 23.4 48.0 75.8 172 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Qatar High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.82 1.9 1,135 Labor force (millions) 0.52 1.4 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.5 0.6 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 62,050 80,440 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 8.7 16.5 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 8.8 1.9 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.6 3.6 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 67.3 47.1 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.0 31.5 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 40 Time to start a business (days) 6 9 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 8 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 36 48 163 Time to export (days) 21 17 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.8 2.8 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.8 –0.1 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 33.1 39.6 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 46.9 48.0 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 34.9 38.6 157.0 Real interest rate (%) –15.5 –7.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.5 3.7 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 46 110 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 16,294 14,997 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 87.3 123.1 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 24.7 86.2 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 173 Romania Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 21.6 21.4 2,490 Labor force (millions) 10.0 10.2 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 7.4 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,920 8,140 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 5.8 2.0 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.1 7.4 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.0 41.0 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 29.9 .. 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 54.9 51.6 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 9.0 5.8 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.9 3.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.9 38.3 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.3 43.5 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 72 Time to start a business (days) 11 10 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 6 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 190 216 318 Time to export (days) 27 12 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 4.6 3.3 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 10.5 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 92.3 65.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 6.1 4.4 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 1.1 9.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 27.4 12.1 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 35.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 31.4 37.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 23.6 42.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 18.2 26.1     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 5,264 1,091 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.9 1.3 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 24.6 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.6 19.3 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 24.8 31.4 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.2 8.1 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.6 14.3 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 20.0 42.8 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 6.5 3.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.2 5.8 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 39 58 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 30.2 56.5 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,331 2,392 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 61.3 109.2 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 21.5 44.0 38.2 174 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Russian Federation Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 143.2 143.0 2,490 Labor force (millions) 73.4 76.3 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 6.6 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,460 10,650 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 6.2 2.9 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.0 4.3 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 38.1 37.0 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.3 16.0 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.0 58.7 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 12.7 8.4 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 28.3 29.4 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.2 31.1 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.5 22.3 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 112 Time to start a business (days) 29 18 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 8 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 448 177 318 Time to export (days) 21 21 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.0 2.0 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 7.1 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 484.0 84.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 4.8 0.8 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.2 14.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 59.3 7.3 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 30.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 15.8 11.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 18.2 120.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 11.3 12.6     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 23,827 16,904 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.7 2.8 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.8 21.3 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.2 18.6 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 16.7 9.5 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 23.7 40.7 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.8 11.8 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.6 6.6 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 27.5 46.8 84.5 Real interest rate (%) –7.2 –6.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.7 4.0 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 391 596 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,785 6,431 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 0.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 83.4 179.3 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 15.2 49.0 38.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 175 Rwanda Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.2 10.9 817 Labor force (millions) 4.5 5.4 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 2.4 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 270 570 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 7.5 8.2 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 38.4 31.9 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 14.1 16.3 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.0 6.6 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 47.6 51.7 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 9.0 5.7 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 557.8 600.3 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 11.4 13.4 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.2 32.5 42.4     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 52 Time to start a business (days) 18 3 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 2 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 168 134 286 Time to export (days) 60 29 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.0 3.0 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 21.2 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.4 4.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.9 5.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 4.9 4.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 47.1 56.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 15.9 24.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 18.2 38.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 10.8 11.9     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 150 208 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 1.7 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.8 21.4 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 7.7 10.2 16.0     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.2 .. 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.4 11.4 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 29.0 8.0 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 11.2 .. 30.1 Real interest rate (%) 6.0 13.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.1 9.6 10.7     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) 19.0 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 9.9 4.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.4 40.6 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.6 7.0 6.0 176 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Samoa East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.18 0.18 2,533 Labor force (millions) 0.07 0.07 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,090 3,160 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.9 0.6 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 13.2 10.0 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.6 27.1 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.7 8.3 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 56.2 62.9 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.9 5.2 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.4 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.9 31.4 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55.4 58.2 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 57 Time to start a business (days) 35 9 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 4 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 224 224 308 Time to export (days) 25 25 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.5 2.5 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.9 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.1 0.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.8 1.4 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 13.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 19.6 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 63.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 48.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 9.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 31.4     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.9 2.3 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.6 .. 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 10.8 8.5 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 39.1 47.3 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 10.5 7.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.1 7.7 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 11 4 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 4.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.3 91.4 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 3.4 7.0 16.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 177 San Marino High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.03 0.03 1,135 Labor force (millions) .. .. 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.8 .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 40,370 .. 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.2 3.1 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.7 2.6 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 163 Time to export (days) .. .. 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 51.1 .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 5.2 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.8 4.8 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 56.6 111.8 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 50.3 49.6 75.8 178 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development São Tomé Príncipe Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.15 0.17 2,533 Labor force (millions) 0.05 0.06 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 16.7 .. 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 750 1,350 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.1 5.8 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 17.3 .. 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.1 .. 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.4 .. 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.7 .. 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 17.2 11.9 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 10,558.0 17,622.9 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 13.9 11.5 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.9 57.4 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 160 Time to start a business (days) 144 7 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 4 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 424 424 308 Time to export (days) 27 26 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 6.2 6.2 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.1 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 2.6 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 50 .. 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 13.8 14.1 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 26.7 38.1 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 17.3 13.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 19.0 14.6 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 1 1 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.8 68.3 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 13.8 20.2 16.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 179 Saudi Arabia High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 24.0 28.1 1,135 Labor force (millions) 8.1 9.8 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.3 5.4 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 12,230 17,820 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.0 3.2 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.2 2.5 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 63.2 59.8 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.4 9.7 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 33.5 37.8 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 0.7 5.0 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.7 3.8 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 60.9 61.6 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.8 30.6 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 22 Time to start a business (days) 67 21 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 9 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 69 72 163 Time to export (days) 17 13 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.8 2.8 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 2.1 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.8 2.8 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.5 19.0 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.9 25.6 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.8 12.3 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.9 2.3 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 36.9 39.7 157.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 116 178 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 21.5 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,553 7,967 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 58.9 191.2 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 12.7 47.5 75.8 180 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Senegal Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.9 12.8 2,533 Labor force (millions) 4.6 5.6 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.0 .. 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 800 1,070 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.6 3.4 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 16.7 15.0 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.8 24.0 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.2 14.1 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.6 60.9 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.7 3.4 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 471.9 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.9 24.5 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.5 44.2 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 166 Time to start a business (days) 58 5 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 3 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 696 666 308 Time to export (days) 20 11 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.0 3.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.8 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.7 1.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.1 0.2 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.9 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 18.7 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 74.1 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 19.8 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 9.4 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 6.1 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 742 174 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.9 2.0 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 29.6 30.6 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.7 18.7 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 25.4 32.0 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.6 9.8 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 11.9 16.2 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.3 29.0 40.4 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 6 0 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 29.3 35.5 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 163 195 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 11.5 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 15.9 73.3 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 4.8 17.5 16.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 181 Serbia Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.4 7.3 2,490 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 20.8 19.2 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,430 5,690 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 5.3 1.8 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.1 9.0 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.0 26.6 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.4 15.6 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.9 64.3 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 16.1 11.1 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 66.7 73.3 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.2 36.1 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 47.2 51.2 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 86 Time to start a business (days) 23 12 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 6 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 279 279 318 Time to export (days) 32 12 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.7 2.0 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.6 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 10.2 8.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.0 1.7 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.9 12.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 59.6 3.6 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 53.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 30.2 42.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 17.7 109.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 14.1 21.8     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 564 147 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.3 5.9 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.0 24.9 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.3 21.6 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 23.6 43.2 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 16.2 16.0 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 22.2 19.0 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 29.0 48.2 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 1.0 6.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.1 7.4 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 17 17 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 63.3 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,922 4,359 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 0.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 67.8 125.4 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 26.3 42.2 38.2 182 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Seychelles Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.08 0.09 2,490 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.5 .. 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,540 11,270 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) –1.0 3.8 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.3 2.2 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.4 13.6 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.7 7.2 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 80.3 84.2 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 0.9 2.6 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.5 12.4 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.0 45.6 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 73.4 99.1 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 74 Time to start a business (days) 39 39 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 10 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 76 76 318 Time to export (days) 17 16 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.0 2.0 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.3 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 51 0.8 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.3 13.1 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. 75.3 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 79.7 55.0 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.6 9.0 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 4.4 8.1 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 30.8 26.0 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 9.3 4.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 9.1 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 20 13 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 96.0 96.5 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 70.4 145.7 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 25.4 43.2 38.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 183 Sierra Leone Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.2 6.0 817 Labor force (millions) 2.0 2.3 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.4 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 310 460 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 9.0 5.3 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 52.5 57.6 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 12.0 8.4 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.6 2.4 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 35.6 33.9 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 11.6 16.2 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2,889.6 4,230.5 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 17.8 16.6 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.7 54.5 42.4     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 140 Time to start a business (days) 26 12 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 6 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 399 357 286 Time to export (days) 31 24 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.6 2.6 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.6 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.5 1.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 0.4 0.3 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 7.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 8.6 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 80.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 6.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 14.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 13.8     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 49 46 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.6 24.0 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.5 40.9 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 6.5 30.2 16.0     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 11.0 18.1 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.3 14.0 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 26.8 15.1 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 3.4 7.7 30.1 Real interest rate (%) 6.8 2.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.5 11.2 10.7     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 0 0 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) 8.0 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 13.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 14.2 35.6 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.2 0.3 6.0 184 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Singapore High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.3 5.2 1,135 Labor force (millions) 2.2 2.9 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.1 2.9 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 27,240 42,930 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 5.1 5.7 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.1 0.0 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.6 26.6 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 26.8 20.9 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.4 73.4 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 0.4 5.3 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.7 1.4 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 229.7 209.0 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 200.3 182.3 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 1 Time to start a business (days) 6 3 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 3 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 80 82 163 Time to export (days) 5 5 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 0.8 0.8 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.0 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 19.5 32.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 6.4 8.4 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 14.6 26.7 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.1 23.4 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 96.8 112.7 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 101.3 131.0 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.6 8.3 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.8 1.1 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 90.9 112.6 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 3.2 4.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.9 5.2 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 77 148 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 8,507 8,307 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 102.8 150.2 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 61.0 71.0 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 185 Sint Maarten (Dutch part) High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.04 0.04 1,135 Labor force (millions) .. .. 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 163 Time to export (days) .. .. 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 157.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) .. .. 75.8 186 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Slovak Republic High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.4 5.4 1,135 Labor force (millions) 2.7 2.7 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 16.2 13.5 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,040 16,190 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.9 3.9 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.7 3.9 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.5 34.9 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 24.1 20.7 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.9 61.2 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.7 3.9 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 76.3 89.1 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 80.9 86.4 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 46 Time to start a business (days) 27 16 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 6 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 325 207 163 Time to export (days) 22 17 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 4.8 4.0 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.8 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 11.8 19.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.1 4.8 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.5 6.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 31.3 3.1 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 40.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 23.8 33.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7.4 25.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.3 28.6     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.9 3.8 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.5 22.4 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 21.6 .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 37.1 45.6 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 43.4 .. 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.4 10.8 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 5.0 5.6 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 35.1 .. 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 4.2 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.2 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 14 1 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 87.0 87.1 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,920 5,164 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 0.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 83.8 109.3 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 55.2 74.4 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 187 Slovenia High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.0 2.1 1,135 Labor force (millions) 1.0 1.0 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.5 8.2 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 18,070 23,600 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.6 1.0 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.7 2.5 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 34.1 31.6 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.9 21.1 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 63.2 65.9 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.5 1.8 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.2 72.3 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.6 71.3 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 35 Time to start a business (days) 60 6 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 2 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 260 260 163 Time to export (days) 20 16 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.0 2.0 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.1 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 3.3 5.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.4 4.0 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.4 7.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 13.9 0.0 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 27.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 47.3 52.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 12.7 60.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 30.5 28.0     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.7 1.7 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.4 19.5 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 53.7 58.1 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.5 8.2 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.5 11.8 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 56.3 91.4 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 6.0 2.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.6 4.5 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 18 21 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,918 6,521 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 87.9 106.6 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 46.8 72.0 75.8 188 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Solomon Islands East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.47 0.55 2,533 Labor force (millions) 0.19 0.22 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 890 1,110 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 1.6 6.1 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 34.5 38.9 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 8.1 6.1 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.7 3.8 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.4 55.0 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 7.3 7.3 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 7.5 7.6 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.1 25.8 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.6 49.6 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 92 Time to start a business (days) 56 9 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 80 80 308 Time to export (days) 24 24 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.0 1.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.0 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.1 17.5 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.5 .. 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 20.8 .. 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 20.6 23.9 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 8.4 5.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.4 11.2 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 12 7 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.3 49.8 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.8 6.0 16.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 189 Somalia Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.4 9.6 817 Labor force (millions) 2.6 3.0 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 42.4     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 30 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 286 Time to export (days) .. .. 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 13 .. 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 16.0     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 30.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.7     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.0 6.9 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.1 1.3 6.0 190 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development South Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 47.2 50.6 2,490 Labor force (millions) 17.2 18.5 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 23.8 24.7 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,850 6,960 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.8 2.9 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.7 2.4 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.2 30.6 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.5 13.4 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 66.2 67.0 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.4 5.0 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.4 7.3 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.4 28.8 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.9 29.4 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 39 Time to start a business (days) 35 19 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 5 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 350 200 318 Time to export (days) 25 16 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.0 2.0 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.3 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 44.2 25.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.5 0.8 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.0 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 3.1 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 45.3 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 34.8 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 15.8 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 26.4 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 12,307 1,824 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.6 1.4 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.8 18.9 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.5 11.8 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 56.7 62.6 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.9 7.3 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.5 4.7 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 144.2 142.2 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 4.9 0.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.6 3.3 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 148 183 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,704 4,803 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 0.9 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 71.1 126.8 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 7.5 21.0 38.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 191 South Sudan Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.6 10.3 2,533 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. 3.6 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. 47.3 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. 2.8 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 64.9 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 27.2 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 31 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 308 Time to export (days) .. .. 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.1 1.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 0.3 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. 60 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. 10.4 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 6.6 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 40.4 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) .. .. 16.2 192 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Spain High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 43.4 46.2 1,135 Labor force (millions) 21.0 23.2 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.2 21.6 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 25,450 30,930 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.2 0.4 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.2 2.7 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.7 26.1 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.8 12.8 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 67.1 71.2 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.4 3.2 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.7 30.3 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.9 31.1 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 44 Time to start a business (days) 47 28 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 10 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 298 167 163 Time to export (days) 9 9 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.5 1.5 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 1.2 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 131.1 81.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 4.4 2.6 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 0.8 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 14.3 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 32.6 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 9.3 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 21.3 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.7 2.1 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 29.4 21.1 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 38.5 55.2 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 104.8 150.9 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.8 6.1 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.8 6.0 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 145.7 205.9 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 0.0 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 1.8 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 586 560 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 99.0 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,147 6,155 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 98.4 113.2 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 47.9 67.6 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 193 Sri Lanka South Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 19.6 20.9 2,533 Labor force (millions) 8.1 8.6 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.7 4.9 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,210 2,580 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.3 6.4 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 11.8 12.1 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.2 29.9 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.5 18.2 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.0 58.0 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 11.6 6.7 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 100.5 110.6 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.3 23.1 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.3 37.6 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 81 Time to start a business (days) 50 7 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 5 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 256 254 308 Time to export (days) 25 20 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.7 1.7 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 1.6 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 3.0 8.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 0.6 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.5 1.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 2.7 7.7 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 47.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 26.2 43.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 83.4 42.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 9.1     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 985 1,139 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.1 1.6 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.4 27.1 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.5 21.4 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 90.6 .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.0 34.4 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.7 .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 15.3 .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 32.9 30.6 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 0.3 1.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.1 3.0 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 20 22 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 81.0 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 398 449 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 4.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 16.9 87.0 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.8 15.0 16.2 194 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development St. Kitts and Nevis High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.05 0.05 1,135 Labor force (millions) .. .. 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,890 12,610 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.2 0.2 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.0 1.8 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.4 22.8 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.6 6.6 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 71.6 75.4 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.4 5.9 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.3 32.7 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.2 45.2 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 96 Time to start a business (days) 19 19 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 172 203 163 Time to export (days) 17 13 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 32.1 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 5.7 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 10.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 0.0 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 65.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 46.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 15.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 19.4     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. 17 .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 17.3 16.4 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 44.5 32.0 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 111.6 132.8 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 55.6 70.1 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 12.1 7.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.5 5.0 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 4.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 103.7 152.7 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 34.0 76.0 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 195 St. Lucia Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.16 0.18 2,490 Labor force (millions) 0.08 0.09 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 16.6 .. 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,140 6,820 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 2.0 2.6 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.7 3.3 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.0 16.1 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.5 3.6 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 76.3 80.6 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.9 2.8 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.8 44.4 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65.5 65.4 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 53 Time to start a business (days) 20 15 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 5 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 71 92 318 Time to export (days) 18 14 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.0 2.0 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.8 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 3.0 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 2.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 11.9 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 18.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 52.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 6.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 0.6     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 90 .. 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.6 6.4 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 29.7 34.3 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 82.0 89.2 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 78.2 109.8 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 2.5 7.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.8 6.5 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 3.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 63.9 123.0 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 21.6 42.0 38.2 196 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development St. Martin (French part) High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.03 0.03 1,135 Labor force (millions) .. .. 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 163 Time to export (days) .. .. 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 157.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) .. .. 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 197 St. Vincent and Grenadines Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.11 0.11 2,490 Labor force (millions) 0.05 0.05 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,960 6,070 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.9 0.7 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.3 6.4 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 18.8 19.6 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.9 5.8 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 74.9 74.1 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.7 4.0 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.4 27.1 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.8 56.2 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 75 Time to start a business (days) 12 10 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 7 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 76 111 318 Time to export (days) 15 12 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 30.2 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 4.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 5.9 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 65.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 55.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 9.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 20.9     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 50 .. 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.3 16.0 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.6 25.4 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 64.9 65.2 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 45.6 52.1 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 6.4 7.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.7 6.1 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 70.0 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 64.9 120.5 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 9.2 43.0 38.2 198 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sudan Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) a 30.8 34.3 2,533 Labor force (millions) 9.6 11.1 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)b 600 1,310 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %)b 6.0 7.2 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 31.5 24.5 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.7 28.1 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.9 6.9 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.8 47.4 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 8.5 13.0 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.4 2.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.2 18.5 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.4 16.3 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 143 Time to start a business (days) 39 36 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 10 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 180 180 308 Time to export (days) 56 32 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.0 2.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.8 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 748 382 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.7 3.0 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.1 19.2 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 18.2 16.2 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 10.8 13.4 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 10.4 11.4 40.4 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 9 9 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 79 141 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.8 56.1 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.3 19.0 16.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 199 Suriname Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.50 0.53 2,490 Labor force (millions) 0.18 0.21 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.5 .. 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,320 7,840 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 5.9 4.1 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.4 9.7 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.3 38.3 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.4 23.3 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.3 52.0 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 9.9 17.7 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 3.3 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.4 .. 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.2 .. 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 164 Time to start a business (days) 694 694 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 13 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 199 199 318 Time to export (days) 21 23 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 5.0 5.0 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 27.9 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.2 0.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.5 1.0 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 6.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 1.8 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 85.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 37.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 44.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 16.9     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.6 3.4 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.9 .. 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.6 .. 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.3 39.0 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 19.3 24.3 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 1.6 –0.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.1 5.4 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 5 2 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 26.3 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 0.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 46.6 178.9 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 6.4 32.0 38.2 200 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Swaziland Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.0 1.1 2,533 Labor force (millions) 0.33 0.38 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,600 3,470 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 2.2 2.2 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.8 7.2 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 44.7 45.9 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 38.9 42.2 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 46.5 46.9 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.8 6.1 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.4 7.3 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 87.1 64.6 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 91.2 72.5 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 123 Time to start a business (days) 60 56 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 12 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 104 104 308 Time to export (days) 21 18 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.0 2.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 28.1 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 4.4 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 3.3 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 39.7 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 7.7 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 16.9 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 22.1 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 28 11 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –1.8 2.3 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.0 9.3 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 7.1 4.4 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 19.6 27.6 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 14.4 17.4 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 7.0 7.5 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 21.1 26.4 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 7.9 5.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.6 6.2 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 30.0 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 1.8 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 18.1 63.7 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 3.7 18.1 16.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 201 Sweden High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.0 9.4 1,135 Labor force (millions) 4.8 5.0 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.7 7.5 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 42,920 53,170 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 2.8 1.3 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.2 1.8 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.1 26.3 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.9 16.2 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.6 71.8 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 0.5 3.0 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 7.5 6.5 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.4 49.9 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.6 43.7 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 13 Time to start a business (days) 16 16 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 3 3 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 122 122 163 Time to export (days) 8 8 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.0 2.0 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.7 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 20.6 44.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.5 7.2 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.5 0.6 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 18.4 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 53.1 38.2 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 45.0 59.8 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.8 5.0 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.8 0.7 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 107.9 135.8 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 2.4 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.5 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 190 162 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 31.5 23.4 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 15,431 14,939 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 100.8 118.6 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 84.8 91.0 75.8 202 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Switzerland High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.4 7.9 1,135 Labor force (millions) 4.2 4.5 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.4 4.1 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 58,530 76,350 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 1.2 1.9 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.3 25.9 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.2 0.2 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.2 0.9 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 47.6 51.2 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.9 40.4 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 28 Time to start a business (days) 18 18 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 63 63 163 Time to export (days) 8 8 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.0 3.0 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.9 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 11.1 13.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.2 2.5 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.7 1.5 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.4 20.4 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 27.2 .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 135.4 152.5 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.1 5.5 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.5 0.8 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 159.1 169.4 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 2.9 2.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.6 2.7 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 135 240 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 8,305 8,175 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 92.2 131.4 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 70.1 85.2 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 203 Syrian Arab Republic Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 18.5 20.8 2,533 Labor force (millions) 5.2 5.6 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.2 8.4 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,500 2,750 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.7 5.0 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 19.5 22.9 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.2 30.6 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.0 .. 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 44.3 46.5 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 7.2 4.8 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 52.2 46.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.4 35.3 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.6 35.8 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 144 Time to start a business (days) 43 13 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 7 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 336 336 308 Time to export (days) 21 15 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 4.1 4.1 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.0 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.1 0.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 10.3 12.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 68.8 61.0 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 52.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 7.6 20.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 61.8 118.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 7.4 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 583 75 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.7 2.5 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 18.8 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.9 9.7 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 46.2 55.0 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 14.8 22.5 40.4 Real interest rate (%) –3.5 3.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) –1.0 3.7 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 17 15 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 95.2 90.3 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,488 1,905 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 16.0 63.2 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 5.6 22.5 16.2 204 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Tajikistan Europe & Central Asia Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.5 7.0 817 Labor force (millions) 2.5 2.9 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 340 870 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 10.1 8.9 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 24.0 19.9 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.3 20.2 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.7 8.3 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 44.7 60.0 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 7.1 12.4 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.1 4.6 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.0 15.3 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.8 58.3 42.4     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 141 Time to start a business (days) 80 24 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 14 5 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 224 224 286 Time to export (days) 71 71 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.7 1.7 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.9 1.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 0.3 0.3 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 4.2 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 71.5 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 1.3 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 5.3 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 6.4 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 25 49 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.4 0.2 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.8 18.7 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 6.0 7.0 16.0     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 5.4 .. 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 16.5 20.0 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 4.8 14.9 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 17.2 .. 30.1 Real interest rate (%) 16.5 10.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.1 16.6 10.7     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 7 6 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,261 2,004 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.1 90.6 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.3 13.0 6.0 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 205 Tanzania Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 38.8 46.2 817 Labor force (millions) 19.3 22.8 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.3 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 380 540 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 7.1 6.8 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 31.8 27.7 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.7 25.1 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.7 10.2 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 45.5 47.2 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 5.0 12.7 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,128.9 1,572.1 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.8 31.1 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.7 50.2 42.4     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 134 Time to start a business (days) 28 26 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 9 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 172 172 286 Time to export (days) 30 18 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.0 3.0 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.2 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 4.0 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 14.7 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 66.8 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 6.8 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 44.3 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 14.7 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 899 572 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.6 4.6 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.7 36.1 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 27.1 16.0     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 21.3 28.0 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 10.2 17.8 30.1 Real interest rate (%) 8.3 5.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.5 8.2 10.7     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 6 24 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) 8.6 14.9 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 70 78 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 9.1 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.6 55.5 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 4.3 12.0 6.0 206 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Thailand East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 66.7 69.5 2,490 Labor force (millions) 37.9 39.8 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.3 0.7 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,560 4,440 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 5.5 2.8 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.3 12.4 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 44.0 41.2 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 34.7 35.6 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 45.8 46.5 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.5 3.8 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 40.2 30.5 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 73.6 76.9 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 74.7 72.4 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 18 Time to start a business (days) 33 29 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 4 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 264 264 318 Time to export (days) 24 14 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.7 2.7 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 28.1 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 32.1 27.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.7 0.6 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 0.4 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 74.4 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 27.9 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 39.0 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 11,760 3,339 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.6 2.3 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.9 26.3 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 21.8 20.8 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 27.3 30.2 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 101.4 103.9 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.9 9.4 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 9.1 2.9 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 100.7 140.4 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 1.2 2.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.9 4.6 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 124 199 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,878 2,243 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 1.3 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 45.7 111.6 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 15.0 23.7 38.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 207 Timor-Leste East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.98 1.2 2,533 Labor force (millions) 0.30 0.36 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 3.6 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 740 2,730 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 0.5 10.3 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.1 13.5 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 169 Time to start a business (days) 167 94 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 8 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 640 276 308 Time to export (days) 25 25 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.9 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 3.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 2.6 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 66.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 1.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 9.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 2.2     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.2 4.5 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.3 12.6 40.4 Real interest rate (%) –15.6 2.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 15.9 10.2 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 10.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 3.3 53.2 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.1 0.9 16.2 208 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Togo Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.4 6.2 817 Labor force (millions) 2.5 3.0 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 370 570 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 1.5 3.3 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 39.4 31.9 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.2 16.1 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.5 8.4 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 43.4 52.0 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 6.8 3.6 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 471.9 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.0 40.9 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 58.7 58.4 42.4     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 156 Time to start a business (days) 65 38 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 6 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 270 270 286 Time to export (days) 34 24 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.0 3.0 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.3 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.0 0.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.0 0.1 0.3 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 2.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 16.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 80.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 16.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 53.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 6.6     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 735 519 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.5 1.5 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.8 18.9 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.1 10.5 16.0     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 22.3 38.3 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 17.5 29.6 30.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.7     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. 11 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) 21.0 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 114 .. 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 7.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 8.0 50.4 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.8 3.5 6.0 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 209 Tonga East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.10 0.10 2,533 Labor force (millions) 0.04 0.04 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.1 .. 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,550 3,820 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 2.4 0.9 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 20.5 19.5 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.4 22.4 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.6 6.6 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.0 58.1 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 8.3 6.3 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.9 1.8 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 17.6 17.9 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.7 60.6 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 62 Time to start a business (days) 32 16 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 4 4 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 164 164 308 Time to export (days) 21 22 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.7 2.7 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.3 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.1 0.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.3 2.0 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 6.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 1.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 86.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 33.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 8.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 7.8     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 32 .. 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.7 2.4 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.9 30.7 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 44.7 42.0 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 52.2 31.9 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 5.5 5.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.5 7.5 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 5 .. 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 29.6 52.6 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 4.9 25.0 16.2 210 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Trinidad and Tobago High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.3 1.3 1,135 Labor force (millions) 0.67 0.71 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.0 .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,910 15,840 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 8.7 1.6 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.5 0.7 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 60.3 59.7 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.5 4.8 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.2 39.7 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 6.9 5.1 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.3 6.4 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65.8 57.8 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.0 32.9 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 69 Time to start a business (days) 43 41 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 8 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 210 210 163 Time to export (days) 14 11 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 4.0 4.0 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 21.6 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 7.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 5.5 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 69.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 36.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 18.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 11.0     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.8 2.6 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.6 .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.4 .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 16.8 21.3 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 40.6 51.4 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 34.6 39.1 157.0 Real interest rate (%) –7.0 –4.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 6.5 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 14 37 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,070 5,894 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 0.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 70.3 135.6 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 29.0 55.2 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 211 Tunisia Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.0 10.7 2,490 Labor force (millions) 3.4 3.9 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.9 13.0 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,200 4,020 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.5 3.6 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.1 8.9 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.2 31.3 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.3 18.1 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.7 59.8 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.0 3.6 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.3 1.4 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.9 48.9 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.3 55.8 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 50 Time to start a business (days) 11 11 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 10 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 268 144 318 Time to export (days) 16 13 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.3 1.3 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.2 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 4.9 4.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.7 0.6 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 781 181 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.2 0.9 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.3 21.5 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 20.7 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 52.4 44.0 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 45.3 55.7 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.7 .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 20.9 12.1 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 58.3 75.5 84.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 21 31 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 65.8 76.0 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,092 1,350 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 57.3 116.9 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 9.7 39.1 38.2 212 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Turkey Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 68.1 73.6 2,490 Labor force (millions) 23.1 27.0 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.6 9.8 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,480 10,410 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 5.2 3.1 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.8 9.1 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.5 27.9 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.9 18.6 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.7 63.0 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 10.1 6.5 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.3 1.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.9 23.7 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.4 32.6 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 71 Time to start a business (days) 6 6 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 254 223 318 Time to export (days) 20 13 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.3 3.3 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.9 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 42.7 .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.9 .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.3 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 8.4 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 32.6 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 11.1 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 26.7 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 21,742 14,434 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.1 2.1 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.0 21.8 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.7 18.0 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 51.5 45.9 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.9 50.2 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.4 11.7 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 5.0 2.6 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 22.2 50.0 84.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 146 382 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 89.4 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,007 2,477 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 64.0 88.7 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 15.5 42.1 38.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 213 Turkmenistan Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.7 5.1 2,490 Labor force (millions) 1.9 2.2 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,600 4,800 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.5 10.8 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 18.8 14.5 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.6 48.4 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.7 .. 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 43.6 37.0 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.2 2.9 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65.0 77.8 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 47.8 45.3 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 40 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 318 Time to export (days) .. .. 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 20 .. 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.2 11.4 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.9 54.1 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 22.7 15.5 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 84.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 14 0 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,055 2,403 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.2 68.8 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.0 5.0 38.2 214 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Turks and Caicos Islands High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.03 0.04 1,135 Labor force (millions) .. .. 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.0 .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 163 Time to export (days) .. .. 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 157.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) .. .. 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 215 Tuvalu East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.01 0.01 2,490 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.5 .. 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,740 4,950 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 0.2 2.0 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 20.4 23.3 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 7.8 11.9 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 0.8 1.5 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 71.8 64.8 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.3 1.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 40 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 318 Time to export (days) .. .. 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –0.1 5.0 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 84.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.4 21.6 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 10.0 30.0 38.2 216 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Uganda Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 28.4 34.5 817 Labor force (millions) 11.5 13.9 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.0 4.2 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 300 510 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 6.9 7.8 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 26.7 23.4 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.0 25.4 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.5 8.2 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 48.3 51.1 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 8.4 18.7 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,737.6 2,323.4 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.2 23.7 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.8 34.5 42.4     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 120 Time to start a business (days) 34 33 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 18 15 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 237 213 286 Time to export (days) 38 33 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.2 2.2 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.0 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 8.2 11.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 0.7 0.3 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.2 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 14.5 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 73.1 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 7.7 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 33.0 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 15.5 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 502 215 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.1 4.7 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.2 24.4 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.2 17.7 16.0     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 64.9 42.7 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.9 21.2 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.3 14.6 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.3 2.2 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.6 17.9 30.1 Real interest rate (%) 21.8 16.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.9 8.8 10.7     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 0 0 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) 23.0 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 10.7 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.6 48.4 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.7 13.0 6.0 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 217 Ukraine Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 47.1 45.7 2,533 Labor force (millions) 23.2 23.2 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 7.9 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,540 3,130 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 8.0 0.4 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.4 9.6 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.3 31.7 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.6 16.4 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.3 58.7 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 13.6 8.0 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.1 8.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.5 53.8 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50.6 59.2 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 137 Time to start a business (days) 34 22 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 15 7 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 2,085 491 308 Time to export (days) 30 30 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.9 2.9 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.6 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 27.6 19.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.8 0.6 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 8.0 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 49.5 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 25.0 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 33.5 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.9 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 3,423 1,950 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.1 4.4 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.0 18.8 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.1 17.3 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. 27.1 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 30.1 37.1 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.4 14.8 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 19.6 14.7 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 32.2 55.9 40.4 Real interest rate (%) –6.7 0.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.6 8.0 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 42 72 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 97.4 97.9 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,246 3,550 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 64.0 123.0 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 3.7 30.6 16.2 218 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development United Arab Emirates High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.1 7.9 1,135 Labor force (millions) 2.5 5.2 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.1 .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 42,280 40,760 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 5.8 2.7 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.4 0.9 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 55.6 55.5 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.6 9.7 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 43.0 43.6 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. 0.9 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.7 3.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 67.6 77.9 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.0 68.8 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 26 Time to start a business (days) 19 8 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 6 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 12 12 163 Time to export (days) 9 7 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.2 3.2 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 7.1 9.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.2 1.4 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.0 2.1 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.4 23.8 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.4 15.2 ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 46.2 70.8 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.9 17.2 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 8.3 6.2 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 43.8 61.9 157.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 87 268 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 13,826 11,044 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 111.4 148.6 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 40.0 70.0 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 219 United Kingdom High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 60.2 62.7 1,135 Labor force (millions) 30.6 32.1 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.7 7.8 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 39,030 37,780 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 3.0 0.2 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.7 0.7 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.3 21.6 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.2 11.4 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 76.0 77.7 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.0 4.5 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.5 0.6 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.0 32.5 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.8 34.1 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 7 Time to start a business (days) 13 13 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 105 110 163 Time to export (days) 9 7 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.0 1.0 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.2 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 355.5 429.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 8.9 10.4 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 11.0 1.5 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.6 14.2 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 46.1 101.2 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.1 5.1 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.0 4.0 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 158.5 186.8 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 2.2 –2.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 1,018 1,043 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,289 5,733 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 108.8 130.8 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 70.0 82.0 75.8 220 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development United States High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 295.5 311.6 1,135 Labor force (millions) 152.9 158.4 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.1 8.9 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 44,670 48,620 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 2.5 0.5 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.2 1.2 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.2 20.0 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.2 13.2 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 76.6 78.8 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.4 3.2 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 10.4 14.0 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.1 17.8 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 4 Time to start a business (days) 6 6 18 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 325 175 163 Time to export (days) 6 6 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 1.5 1.5 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 27.6 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.1 1.7 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.5 14.7 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 47.3 81.8 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 68.9 82.2 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.3 11.2 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.7 4.1 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 195.8 191.4 157.0 Real interest rate (%) 2.8 1.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 9,970 10,055 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) 65.3 100.0 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 13,705 13,394 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 68.6 92.7 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 68.0 77.9 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 221 Uruguay Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.3 3.4 2,490 Labor force (millions) 1.6 1.7 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.2 6.0 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,740 11,860 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 0.0 5.8 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.4 10.1 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.1 24.7 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.1 13.0 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.5 65.2 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.7 8.1 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 24.5 19.3 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.4 27.1 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.5 27.3 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 89 Time to start a business (days) 45 7 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 5 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 304 310 318 Time to export (days) 23 16 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.1 2.1 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.6 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) 7.5 7.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.6 3.4 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 7.0 11.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 0.6 1.8 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 87.1 67.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 6.9 13.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 38.6 15.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 6.8 10.8     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 1,063 79 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.8 4.7 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.5 19.0 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.2 14.3 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 76.1 46.6 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 39.6 40.3 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.6 8.5 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.6 1.3 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 22.5 23.7 84.5 Real interest rate (%) 12.8 1.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.8 5.2 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 9 19 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) 10.0 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,012 2,763 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 0.1 0.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 34.8 140.8 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 20.1 51.4 38.2 222 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Uzbekistan Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 26.2 29.3 2,533 Labor force (millions) 10.5 12.7 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 530 1,510 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 5.3 8.5 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 28.0 18.9 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.2 36.1 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.1 8.6 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 48.9 45.0 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,112.9 1,714.1 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.9 31.7 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.7 27.5 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 154 Time to start a business (days) 29 12 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 6 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 196 205 308 Time to export (days) 86 80 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 4.0 2.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.9 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 6.1 16.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.4 0.8 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.5 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 63.0 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 8.2 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 8.3 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 9.4 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 286 364 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.3 3.1 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.0 23.5 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 20.2 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 14.5 12.2 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.8 0.7 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 40.4 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 22 24 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,711 1,648 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.8 91.6 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 3.3 30.2 16.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 223 Vanuatu East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.21 0.25 2,533 Labor force (millions) 0.09 0.11 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 4.6 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,760 2,730 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 1.1 4.3 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 21.9 19.7 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 7.9 9.9 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.9 3.0 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.2 70.4 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.2 0.9 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 109.2 89.5 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.0 48.7 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.1 52.1 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 80 Time to start a business (days) 47 35 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 8 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 120 120 308 Time to export (days) 26 21 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.6 2.6 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.5 0.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 4.1 2.2 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 7.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 4.6 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 39.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 41.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 15.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 27.0     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 6 .. 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.4 7.6 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.6 .. 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 109.9 .. 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 43.8 70.3 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 7.0 2.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.5 3.9 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 2 11 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.0 55.8 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 5.1 8.0 16.2 224 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Venezuela, RB Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 26.6 29.3 2,490 Labor force (millions) 12.1 13.7 1,333 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.4 8.3 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,950 11,820 6,563 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 1.5 3.1 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.0 5.8 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 57.8 52.2 36.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.4 13.9 20.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 38.2 42.1 55.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. 26.1 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.1 4.3 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.7 29.9 30.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.5 19.7 29.0     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 180 Time to start a business (days) 141 144 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 16 17 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 864 792 318 Time to export (days) 34 49 19 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 4.0 4.0 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.1 17.6 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 33.6 27.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 2.6 6.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 29.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 35.7 35.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 25.4 13.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.5 25.9     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 3,425 .. 63,901 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.9 1.7 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.3 17.7 28.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.0 7.4 17.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 19.3 32.1 48.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.6 10.4 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.2 1.4 3.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 13.1 20.4 84.5 Real interest rate (%) –9.9 –8.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.2 2.6 5.6     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 136 112 6,861 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,875 3,287 2,942 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 0.6 2.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 46.9 97.8 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 12.6 40.2 38.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 225 Vietnam East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 82.4 87.8 2,533 Labor force (millions) 46.4 52.0 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.1 2.0 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 630 1,270 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 7.5 6.7 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 21.0 22.0 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 41.0 40.8 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 20.6 19.3 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 38.0 37.2 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 8.3 18.7 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 15,858.9 20,509.8 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.4 87.0 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 73.5 91.2 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 99 Time to start a business (days) 45 34 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 10 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 1,050 872 308 Time to export (days) 24 21 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 5.0 5.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.6 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 0.8 4.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 78.7 33.7 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 55.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 29.4 21.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 12.4 29.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 11.4 16.7     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 3,088 627 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.7 6.0 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 32.9 31.9 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.2 12.4 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 65.9 111.6 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 2.6 –3.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.9 3.0 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 54 134 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 47.0 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 580 1,035 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 11.5 143.4 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 12.7 35.1 16.2 226 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Virgin Islands (U.S.) High income High- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.11 0.11 1,135 Labor force (millions) 0.05 0.05 555 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 39,860 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) .. .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 163 Time to export (days) .. .. 11 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 2.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 66.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 113.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 157.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,636 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,415 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 73.4 .. 114.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 27.3 27.4 75.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 227 West Bank and Gaza Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.3 3.9 2,533 Labor force (millions) 0.74 0.93 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 23.6 23.7 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,340 .. 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) –0.9 .. .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.5 2.8 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 4.5 .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.0 .. 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 68.2 .. 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 135 Time to start a business (days) 93 48 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 11 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 154 154 308 Time to export (days) 25 23 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) .. .. 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.2 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.7 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 2.7 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 4.2 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 37.1 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 18.2 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 430 57 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.9 .. 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.7 .. 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 40.4 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 2.3 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 16.0 45.8 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 16.0 41.1 16.2 228 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Yemen, Rep. Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 20.6 24.8 2,533 Labor force (millions) 5.2 6.7 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 16.1 14.6 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 690 1,070 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.1 2.7 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.5 7.7 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 49.0 29.4 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.1 6.1 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.5 62.9 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 11.8 16.4 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 191.5 213.8 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.9 30.5 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.9 34.6 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 118 Time to start a business (days) 63 40 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 6 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 248 248 308 Time to export (days) 33 29 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.0 3.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.0 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 11.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 66.7 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 37.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 4.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 68.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 4.3     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 377 365 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –1.8 –2.1 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.5 11.7 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.6 7.1 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 16.9 21.1 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 6.9 4.9 40.4 Real interest rate (%) –0.4 5.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.0 5.0 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 17 11 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) 8.7 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 179 249 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 52.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 11.0 47.0 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.0 14.9 16.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 229 Zambia Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 11.5 13.5 2,533 Labor force (millions) 5.0 5.7 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 15.9 .. 4.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 490 1,160 1,772 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) 4.8 6.4 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.8 19.5 16.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.2 37.3 32.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.6 8.4 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 48.0 43.2 51.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 18.3 6.4 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 4,463.5 4,860.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.6 46.0 29.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.7 37.0 34.6     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 94 Time to start a business (days) 35 17 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 132 132 308 Time to export (days) 53 44 25 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 2.7 2.7 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 1.1 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 3.4 8.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 1.3 1.0 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 4.6 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 4.9 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 73.8 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 10.2 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 97.0 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.1 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 227 357 37,525 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.0 10.3 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.4 23.4 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.3 18.0 19.4     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 15.4 19.0 51.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 11.4 .. 4.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 7.7 12.3 40.4 Real interest rate (%) 9.6 5.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.0 11.8 8.0     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 6 .. 2,326 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 717 623 698 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 2.5 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 8.3 60.6 80.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 2.9 11.5 16.2 230 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Zimbabwe Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2011 2011 Economic and social context Population (millions) 12.6 12.8 817 Labor force (millions) 6.5 6.8 374 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.2 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 440 660 571 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–11 (average annual %) –8.5 –1.4 .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 18.6 15.7 25.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.7 36.9 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.4 17.1 12.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.7 47.4 49.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 302.1 .. 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.5 49.4 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.5 87.8 42.4     Business environment       Ease of doing business (ranking 1–185; 1=best) .. 172 Time to start a business (days) 97 90 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 9 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 216 242 286 Time to export (days) 52 53 37 Time to resolve insolvenceny (years) 3.3 3.3 3.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.5 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys     Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 2.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 12.6 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 71.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 13.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 30.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 18.0     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–11 ($ millions) 72 368 4,362 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.8 4.0 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 2.0 12.4 23.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 0.0 8.8 16.0     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 42.1 .. 38.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.0 .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 7.9 .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 15.8 .. 30.1 Real interest rate (%) 219.3 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 144.6 .. 10.7     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 4 4 299 Paved roads (% of total roads) 19.0 .. .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 995 1,022 242 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 6.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.1 72.1 41.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 8.0 15.7 6.0 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 231 Notes a. Excludes South Sudan. b. Excludes South Sudan after July 9, 2011. 232 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Glossary Agriculture value added is the net output of agriculture (International Stan- dard Industrial Classification divisions 1–5, including forestry and fishing) after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Air transport for registered carrier departures worldwide are domestic take- offs and takeoffs abroad of air carriers registered in the country. (International Civil Aviation Organization) Bank capital to asset ratio is the ratio of bank capital and reserves to total assets. Capital and reserves include funds contributed by owners, retained earnings, general and special reserves, provisions, and valuation adjust- ments. Capital includes tier 1 capital (paid-up shares and common stock), which is a common feature in all countries’ banking systems, and total regulatory capital, which includes several specified types of subordinated debt instruments that need not be repaid if the funds are required to maintain minimum capital levels (these comprise tier 2 and tier 3 capital). Total assets include all nonfinancial and financial assets. (International Monetary Fund) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio is the value of non- performing loans divided by the total value of the loan portfolio (including nonperforming loans before the deduction of specific loan loss provisions). The loan amount recorded as nonperforming should be the gross value of the loan as recorded on the balance sheet, not just the amount that is overdue. (International Monetary Fund) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection is the average wait, in days, to obtain an electrical connection from the day an establishment applies for it to the day it receives the service. (World Bank) Domestic credit to the private sector is financial resources provided to the private sector—such as through loans, purchases of nonequity securities, and trade credits and other accounts receivable—that establish a claim for repayment. For some countries these claims include credit to public enterprises. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Ease of doing business index ranks economies from 1 to 185, with 1 being the best. A high ranking means that a country’s regulatory environment is conducive to business operation. The index ranks the simple average of a country’s percentile rankings on 11 topics covered in Doing Business 2013. The ranking on each topic is the simple average of the percentile rankings on its component indicators. Data listed for 2011 are for June 2012. (World Bank) Electric power consumption is the production of power plants and combined heat and power plants minus transmission, distribution, and transformation losses and own use by heat and power plants. (International Energy Agency) The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 233 Glossary Exchange rate is the exchange rate determined by national authorities or the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated in local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar as an annual average based on monthly averages. (International Monetary Fund) Exports of goods and services are the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of mer- chandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, informa- tion, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensa- tion of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Firms competing against unregistered firms are the percentage of firms competing against unregistered or informal firms. (World Bank) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials are the percentage of firms that report that a gift or informal payment is expected or requested during a meeting with tax officials. (World Bank) Firms using banks to finance investments are the percentage of firms using banks to finance purchases of fixed assets. (World Bank) GDP growth is the annual percentage growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without deducting for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method, is gross national income (GNI) converted to U.S. dollars using the World Bank Atlas method, divided by the midyear population. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes minus any subsidies not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, the World Bank Atlas method is used; it averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country and the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. (World Bank) 234 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Glossary Government debt is the entire stock of direct government fixed-term con- tractual obligations to others outstanding on a particular date. It includes domestic and foreign liabilities such as loans, currency and money deposits, and securities other than shares. It is the gross amount of government liabilities reduced by the amount of equity and financial derivatives held by the government. Because debt is a stock rather than a flow, it is measured as of a given date, usually the last day of the fiscal year. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Gross fixed capital formation includes land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial build- ings. According to the 1993 System of National Accounts, net acquisition of valuables is also considered capital formation. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Gross fixed private capital formation is gross outlays by the private sector (including private nonprofit organizations) on additions to its fixed domes- tic assets. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Imports of goods and services are the value of all goods and other market services received from the rest of the world. They include the value of mer- chandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, informa- tion, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensa- tion of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Individuals using the Internet are the percentage of individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 12 months. Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV, etc. (International Telecommunication Union) Industry value added is the net output of industry (International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 10–45, including mining, manufacturing, construction, electricity, water, and gas) after totaling outputs and sub- tracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Inflation is the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used. (International Monetary Fund) The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 235 Glossary Interest rate spread is the interest rate charged by banks on loans to prime customers minus the interest rate paid by commercial or similar banks for demand, time, or savings deposits. (International Monetary Fund) Investment in infrastructure with private participation is the value of infra- structure projects in telecommunications, energy (electricity and natural gas transmission and distribution), transport, and water and sanitation that have reached financial closure and directly or indirectly serve the public, including operation and management contracts with major capital expen- diture, greenfield projects (in which a private entity or public-private joint venture builds and operates a new facility), and divestitures. Incinerators, movable assets, standalone solid waste projects, and small projects such as windmills are excluded. Data listed for 2005 and 2011 refer to total for the period 2000–05 and 2006–11. (World Bank) ISO certification ownership is the percentage of firms that have earned a quality certification recognized by the International Organization for Stan- dardization (ISO). (World Bank) Labor force is all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period, according to the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part- time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers and excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector. (International Labour Organization and World Bank) Manufacturing value added is the net output of industries belonging to International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 15–37 after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Mobile cellular telephone subscriptions are the number of subscriptions to a public mobile-telephone service that provide access to the public switched telephone network (PSTN) using cellular technology. The indicator includes (and is split into) the number of postpaid subscriptions, and the number of active prepaid accounts (i.e. that have been used during the last three months). The indicator applies to all mobile-cellular subscriptions that offer voice communications. It excludes subscriptions via data cards or USB modems, subscriptions to public mobile data services, private trunked mobile radio, telepoint, radio paging, and telemetry services. It is calculated per 100 people. (International Telecommunication Union) New business density is the number of newly registered limited liability corporations per 1,000 people ages 15–64. (World Bank) 236 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Glossary New businesses registered are the number of new limited liability corpora- tions registered in the calendar year. (World Bank) Paved roads are roads surfaced with concrete, cobblestones, or crushed stone (macadam) and hydrocarbon binder or bituminized agents. (Interna- tional Road Federation) Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship—except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally con- sidered part of the population of their country of origin. Data are midyear estimates. (World Bank) Power outages in a typical month are the average number of power outages that establishments experience in a typical month. (World Bank) Private foreign direct investment, net, is net inflows of private investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital, as shown in the balance of payments. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Procedures to start a business are the number of procedures required to start a business, including interactions to obtain necessary permits and licenses and to complete all inscriptions, verifications, and notifications to start operations. Data are for businesses with specific characteristics of ownership, size, and type of production. Data listed for 2011 are for June 2012. (World Bank) Profit tax is the amount of taxes on profits paid by the business. For further details on the method, see the World Bank’s Doing Business 2013. Data listed for 2011 are for June 2012. (World Bank) Real interest rate is the lending interest rate adjusted for inflation as mea- sured by the GDP deflator. (International Monetary Fund and World Bank) Services value added is the net output of services (International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 50–99) after totaling outputs and sub- tracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Time dealing with government officials is the percentage of management time in a given week spent on requirements imposed by government regulations (taxes, customs, labor regulations, licensing, and registration). (World Bank) The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 237 Glossary Time to export is the time necessary to comply with all procedures required to export goods. If a procedure can be accelerated for an additional cost, the fastest legal procedure is chosen. (World Bank) Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes is the time, in hours per year, it takes to prepare, file, and pay (or withhold) three major types of taxes: the corporate income tax, the value added or sales tax, and labor taxes, including payroll taxes and social security contributions. (World Bank) Time to resolve insolvency is the number of years from time of filing for insolvency in court until resolution of distressed assets and payment of creditors. Data listed for 2011 are for June 2012. (World Bank) Time to start a business is the number of calendar days needed to complete the required procedures for legally operating a business. If a procedure can be expedited at additional cost, the fastest procedure, independent of cost, is chosen. Data listed for 2011 are for June 2012. (World Bank) Total financial system deposits are the demand, time, and saving depos- its in deposit money banks and other financial institutions. (International Monetary Fund) Unemployment rate is the share of the labor force without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country. (International Labour Organization) 238 2013 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development