From World Development Indicators 64443 The Little Data Book on Gender Demography Education Family planning and maternal health Labor force and employment dynamics Women’s political participation THE LITTLE 2011 DATA BOOK ON GENDER Copyright © 2011 by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433 U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing August 2011 ISBN: 978-0-8213-8881-5 eISBN: 978-0-8213-8882-2 DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8881-5 SKU: 18881 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 is a product of the Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Gender and Development Group of the World Bank. Design by Communications Development Incorporated, Washington, D.C Cover design by Peter Grundy Contents Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Data notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi Regional tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 East Asia and Pacific. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Europe and Central Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Middle East and North Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 South Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Income group tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Low income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Lower middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Upper middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Low and middle income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Euro area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 High income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Country tables (in alphabetical order) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 iii Acknowledgments The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 is a collaborative effort between the Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Gender and Development Group of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network. The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 was prepared by Sulekha Patel, William Prince, Shota Hatakeyama, and Masako Hiraga of the Development Data Group and Nistha Sinha and Hippolyte Fofack of the Gender and Development Group. The introduction was written by Stephen McGroarty, with inputs from Nistha Sinha. Production of the book was coordinated by Azita Amjadi and Alison Kwong. The book was typeset by Jomo Tariku. The work was carried out under the management of Shaida Badiee and Pierella Paci. Staff from External Affairs oversaw publication and dissemination of the book. iv 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Introduction The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 is a quick reference for users interested in gender statistics. It presents gender-disaggregated data for more than 200 countries in a straightforward, country-by-country reference on demography, education, health, labor force, political participation, and the Millennium Development Goals. Summary pages that cover regional and income group aggregates are also included. This second issue of The Little Data Book on Gender coincides with the launch of the World Development Report 2012, the Bank's annual flagship publication. This year's report looks at the facts and trends surrounding the various dimensions of gender equality in the context of the development process: although many women around the world continue to struggle with gender-based disadvantages, much has changed for the better and at a more rapid pace than ever before. But that progress needs to be expanded, proctected, and deepened. While development has closed some gender gaps, other gaps persist, including excess deaths of girls and women, disparities in girls' schooling, unequal access to economic opportunities, and difference in voice in households and society. The report argues that gender equality can enhance productivity, improve development outcomes for the next generation, and make insitutions more representative. For more information about this landmark report, visit www.worldbank.org/wdr2012. As part of its strategy to provide content when, where, and how users want it, the World Bank now offers two new electronic products on gender. The World Development Report 2012 mobile application for the iPadTM allows users to browse and search the report by key message, keyword, topic, region, and more. Overviews in multiple languages and other relevant content round out the mobile application. Visit bit.ly/wdr2012app for more information. And for those interested in mapping and graphing gender statistics, the new eAtlas of Gender allows users to map and graph dozens of gender indicators over time and across countries, and compare maps for two different indicators, countries, regions, or years. Visit data.worldbank.org/atlas-gender. The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 v Data notes The data in this book are for 1990, and 2009 or the most recent year unless otherwise noted in the table or the Glossary. • Growth rates are proportional changes from the previous year unless otherwise noted. • Regional aggregates include data for low- and middle-income economies only. • Figures in italics indicate data for years or periods other than those specified. Symbols used: .. indicates that data are not available or that aggregates cannot be calculated because of missing data. 0 or 0.0 indicates zero or small enough that the number would round to zero at the displayed number of decimal places. $ indicates current U.S. dollars. Lettered notes on some country tables can be found in the Notes on page 233. Data are shown for economies with populations greater than 30,000 or for smaller economies if they are members of the World Bank. The term country (used interchangeably with economy) does not imply political independence or official recognition by the World Bank but refers to any economy for which the authorities report separate social or economic statistics. The selection of indicators in these pages includes some of those being used to monitor progress toward the Millennium Development Goals. For more information about the eight goals—halving poverty and increasing well-being by 2015—please see the other books in the World Development Indicators 2011 family of products. vi 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Regional tables The country composition of regions is based on the World Bank’s analytical regions and may differ from common geographic usage. East Asia and Pacific American Samoa, Cambodia, China, Fiji, Indonesia, Kiribati, Democratic Republic of Korea, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Vietnam Europe and Central Asia Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan Latin America and the Caribbean Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Uruguay, República Bolivariana de Venezuela Middle East and North Africa Algeria, Djibouti, Arab Republic of Egypt, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, West Bank and Gaza, Republic of Yemen South Asia Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Sub-Saharan Africa Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 1 World Population (millions) 6,855.2 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 62,363.4 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 9,097 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 937 935 Life expectancy at birth (years) 67 63 71 67 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 93 105 105 109 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 45 54 67 69 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 28 26 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 75 86 87 89 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 79 88 87 92 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.3 2.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 54 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 57 61 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 82 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 50 65 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 400 260 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 52 81 52 78 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 35 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 69 77 Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 49 76 48 73 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 45 60 37 52 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 13 19 2 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender East Asia & Pacific Population (millions) 1,956.9 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 7,224.3 $1.25 a day (%) 16.8 GNI per capita ($) 3,692 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 908 886 Life expectancy at birth (years) 68 65 74 71 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 115 123 113 111 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 37 46 78 74 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 25 23 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 97 105 98 96 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 92 97 99 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.6 1.9 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 19 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 75 77 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 91 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 48 89 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 200 89 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 69 84 64 80 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 37 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 50 91 Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 66 80 62 77 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 67 67 52 52 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 17 18 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 3 Europe & Central Asia Population (millions) 408.2 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 2,944.8 $1.25 a day (%) 3.7 GNI per capita ($) 7,214 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 947 943 Life expectancy at birth (years) 73 64 75 66 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 97 99 98 99 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 84 86 88 91 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 61 50 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 92 93 94 96 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 98 99 99 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.3 1.8 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 28 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 69 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 97 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 69 34 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 56 75 51 69 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 81 80 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 19 20 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 18 18 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 5.4 2.0 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 15 16 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 18 35 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 66 49 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 46 48 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 81 71 Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 49 66 46 61 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 34 42 28 37 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 8.6 10.0 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 17.8 16.5 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 16 4 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Latin America & Caribbean Population (millions) 578.0 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 4,509.7 $1.25 a day (%) 8.2 GNI per capita ($) 7,802 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 953 953 Life expectancy at birth (years) 72 65 77 71 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 113 114 115 119 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 57 56 93 86 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 44 34 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 85 84 102 101 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 92 91 97 97 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.2 2.2 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 73 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 75 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 95 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 72 89 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 140 86 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 40 82 52 80 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 62 60 66 64 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 38 40 31 35 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 29 30 30 30 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 10.4 5.3 6.8 3.5 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 15 21 9 18 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 14 30 14 29 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 72 50 77 52 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 37 41 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 74 70 Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 37 77 47 75 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 32 62 34 54 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 6.9 6.0 9.8 6.5 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 13.9 9.8 17.9 11.7 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 12 23 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 5 Middle East & North Africa Population (millions) 336.8 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 1,293.0 $1.25 a day (%) 3.6 GNI per capita ($) 3,839 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 951 950 Life expectancy at birth (years) 66 63 73 69 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 87 106 99 106 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 46 61 69 75 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 9 16 27 28 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 85 91 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 67 84 87 93 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.9 2.7 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 38 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 42 62 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 83 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 47 80 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 210 88 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 22 77 26 75 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 46 56 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 53 43 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 50 33 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 34.3 8.3 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 42 25 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 17 28 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 42 47 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 16 17 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 62 53 Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 18 69 21 68 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 14 42 15 42 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 21.6 10.8 16.7 8.9 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 36.5 18.5 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 4 9 6 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender South Asia Population (millions) 1,590.7 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 1,929.8 $1.25 a day (%) 40.3 GNI per capita ($) 1,213 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 936 934 Life expectancy at birth (years) 58 58 66 63 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 42 29 13 9 Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 74 98 107 113 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 27 47 51 58 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 9 13 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 52 75 84 87 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 47 71 72 85 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.3 2.8 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 75 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 40 51 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 17 13 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 70 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 32 47 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 610 290 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 35 85 35 82 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 13 20 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 87 80 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 42.7 13.1 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 70 47 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 14 20 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 16 32 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 13 18 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 90 93 Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 34 81 33 78 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 30 64 25 58 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 4.5 3.7 5.7 4.1 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 8.2 8.2 11.5 10.3 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 6 20 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 7 Sub-Saharan Africa Population (millions) 861.6 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 1,003.6 $1.25 a day (%) 50.9 GNI per capita ($) 1,165 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 963 963 Life expectancy at birth (years) 52 48 54 51 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 65 78 96 104 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 19 25 32 40 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 5 8 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 47 57 63 71 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 58 73 67 77 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.3 5.0 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 110 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 15 21 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 71 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 44 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 870 650 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 57 82 61 81 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 73 66 Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 52 75 56 75 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 42 55 44 54 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 20 8 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Income group tables For operational and analytical purposes, the World Bank’s main criterion for classifying economies is gross national income (GNI) per capita. Each economy in The Little Data Book on Gender is classified as low income, middle income, or high income. Low- and middle-income economies are sometimes referred to as developing economies. The use of the term is convenient; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing similar development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of development. Classification by income does not necessarily reflect development status. Low-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $1,005 or less in 2010. Middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of more than $1,006 but less than $12,275. Lower middle-income and upper middle- income economies are separated at a GNI per capita of $3,975. High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $12,276 or more. Euro area includes the member states of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union that have adopted the euro as their currency: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and Spain. The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 9 Low income Population (millions) 816.8 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 416.8 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 510 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 964 965 Life expectancy at birth (years) 53 51 59 56 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 67 81 102 108 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 22 30 36 42 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 5 8 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 64 69 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 52 66 68 75 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.6 4.2 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 96 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 23 33 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 67 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 41 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 860 590 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 65 87 66 84 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 73 89 Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 61 82 62 80 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 56 68 53 63 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 20 10 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Middle income Population (millions) 4,915.5 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 18,504.2 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 3,764 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 930 925 Life expectancy at birth (years) 66 62 71 67 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 97 110 107 110 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 42 52 68 70 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 25 24 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 77 89 91 93 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 79 89 88 94 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.3 2.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 51 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 58 66 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 85 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 46 71 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 350 210 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 52 82 50 79 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 33 33 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 73 71 Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 48 77 47 74 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 44 60 34 51 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 13 18 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 11 Lower middle income Population (millions) 2,466.5 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 4,091.3 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 1,659 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 941 940 Life expectancy at birth (years) 61 58 67 63 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 94 110 107 110 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 35 48 62 65 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 19 20 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 60 76 86 90 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 75 87 79 89 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.3 3.0 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 70 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 60 63 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 83 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 41 66 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 540 300 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 39 82 39 80 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 25 28 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 75 72 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 34.5 12.2 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 59 46 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 14 21 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 26 33 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 20 25 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 73 85 Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 36 77 36 76 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 29 57 24 53 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 8.2 5.7 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 18.3 14.2 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 11 15 12 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Upper middle income Population (millions) 2,448.9 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 14,410.0 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 5,884 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 916 899 Life expectancy at birth (years) 70 66 75 70 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 109 112 109 112 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 67 68 92 88 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 47 38 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 94 101 100 100 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 93 94 99 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.6 1.9 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 29 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 52 75 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 95 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 96 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 110 60 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 61 83 59 78 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 38 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 66 70 Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 57 77 56 73 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 57 63 45 49 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 14 19 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 13 Low and middle income Population (millions) 5,732.2 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 18,940.6 $1.25 a day (%) 25.2 GNI per capita ($) 3,304 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 936 934 Life expectancy at birth (years) 64 61 69 65 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 91 105 106 110 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 38 49 62 65 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 21 21 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 73 85 86 88 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 75 86 85 91 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.6 2.7 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 58 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 54 61 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 82 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 46 64 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 440 290 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 53 83 52 80 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 32 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 73 71 Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 50 78 49 75 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 46 61 37 53 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 13 18 14 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Euro area Population (millions) 331.6 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 12,792.9 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 38,580 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 946 946 Life expectancy at birth (years) 80 73 83 78 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 105 106 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 106 107 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 66 55 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 100 100 101 100 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.5 1.6 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 8 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 11 7 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 42 69 49 65 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 84 80 88 80 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 16 20 12 20 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 14 16 9 12 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 5.5 1.4 1.5 0.7 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 7 8 3 4 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 21 42 12 37 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 72 50 84 58 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 40 47 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 79 78 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 75 73 Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 38 64 44 59 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 37 46 33 38 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 13.6 7.0 9.6 9.2 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 51.5 50.4 39.8 36.7 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 28.2 18.2 20.9 21.2 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 12 26 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 15 High income Population (millions) 1,123.0 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 43,411.3 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 38,657 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 947 949 Life expectancy at birth (years) 79 72 83 77 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 102 103 101 102 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 92 91 100 100 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 77 63 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 97 98 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 99 99 99 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.8 1.7 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 19 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 70 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 15 15 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 49 73 52 70 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 86 82 89 84 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 14 18 11 16 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 5.6 1.1 2.2 0.6 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 5 6 3 4 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 19 39 12 34 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 76 55 85 62 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 43 47 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 74 71 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 69 77 Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 46 68 48 64 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 44 49 39 42 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 6.8 5.4 7.7 8.3 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 20.7 27.2 23.8 25.3 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 14.2 12.2 15.8 18.7 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 12 23 16 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Country tables China Unless otherwise noted, data for China do not include data for Hong Kong SAR, China; Macao SAR, China; or Taiwan, China. Kosovo, Montenegro, and Serbia Montenegro declared independence from Serbia and Montenegro on June 3, 2006. Where available, data for each country are shown separately. However, some indicators for Serbia prior to 2006 include data for Montenegro; these data are noted in the tables. Moreover, data for most indicators for Serbia from 1999 onward exclude data for Kosovo, which in 1999 became a territory under international administration pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999). Kosovo became a member of the World Bank on June 29, 2009, and its data are shown where available. The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 17 Afghanistan South Asia Low income Population (millions) 30.6 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 9.5 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 330 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 943 943 Life expectancy at birth (years) 41 41 44 44 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 22 39 83 123 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 11 21 28 58 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 3 1 6 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 14 41 21 55 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 8.0 6.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 111 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 39 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 23 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 36 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 24 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,700 1,400 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 32 84 33 85 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 18 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 13 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 29 79 29 78 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 24 59 25 57 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 9.5 7.6 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 4 28 18 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Europe & Central Asia Albania Upper middle income Population (millions) 3.2 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 12.7 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 4,000 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 935 935 Life expectancy at birth (years) 75 69 80 74 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 1 3 Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 100 99 117 121 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 85 93 73 72 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 9 8 23 15 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 89 90 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 99 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.9 1.9 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 17 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 10 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 69 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 97 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 99 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 48 31 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 51 74 49 70 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. 52 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 80 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 37 60 35 58 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 35 39 31 34 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 18.8 25.0 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 29 16 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 19 Algeria Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Population (millions) 35.4 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 157.9 $1.25 a day (%) 6.8 GNI per capita ($) 4,460 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 68 66 74 71 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 86 102 104 111 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 54 70 97 96 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 36 25 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 72 89 91 90 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 62 86 89 94 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.7 2.3 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 7 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 2 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 51 61 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 11 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 58 89 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 77 95 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 250 120 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 23 75 37 80 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 51 36 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 34 34 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 49 32 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 7.3 7.2 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 22 20 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 28 26 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 49 54 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 13 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 5 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 18 61 33 71 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 14 35 24 49 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 17.0 21.7 10.1 11.0 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 46.3 42.8 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 2 8 20 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender East Asia & Pacific American Samoa Upper middle income Population (millions) 0.07 Population living below GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) .. 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. .. Life expectancy at birth (years) .. .. .. .. Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 100 98 .. .. Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 95 91 .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 35 21 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) .. .. Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. .. Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 99 97 .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 2 3 .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0.3 0.1 .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 0 4 .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 45 43 .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 25 52 .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 42 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 1.7 3.6 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 11.8 12.0 .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. .. The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 21 Andorra High income Population (millions) 0.09 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 3.4 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 41,130 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. .. Life expectancy at birth (years) .. .. .. .. Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 90 89 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 84 78 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 12 9 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 104 99 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) .. 1.2 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. .. Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 47 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 71 Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 54 22 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Sub-Saharan Africa Angola Lower middle income Population (millions) 19.0 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 75.2 $1.25 a day (%) 54.3 GNI per capita ($) 3,960 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 44 40 50 46 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. 25 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 79 86 114 141 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 0 1 .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 66 81 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 7.2 5.6 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 162 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 80 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 47 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,000 610 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 74 90 75 88 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 69 83 69 82 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 64 74 62 71 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 15 39 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 23 Antigua and Barbuda Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Population (millions) 0.09 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 0.94 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 10,610 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 76 71 .. .. Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 97 103 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 111 110 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 20 9 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 93 96 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 99 98 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.7 .. Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. .. Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 53 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 100 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 83 78 .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 16 21 .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 14 15 .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0.9 0.7 .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 1 4 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 5 26 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 93 68 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 51 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. 13 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 60 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 0 11 24 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Latin America & Caribbean Argentina Upper middle income Population (millions) 40.7 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 343.6 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 8,450 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 962 962 Life expectancy at birth (years) 75 68 79 72 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. 34 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 113 107 116 117 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 74 67 91 80 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 43 37 84 55 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 108 103 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 99 98 99 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.0 2.2 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 56 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 78 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 95 99 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 96 95 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 72 70 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 43 78 52 78 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 70 68 80 73 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 30 32 20 27 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 27 25 17 22 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 2.5 0.7 1.2 0.4 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 0 1 0 2 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 18 39 10 33 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 82 60 89 65 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 37 45 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 61 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 13 13 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 60 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 23 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 39 74 47 73 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 37 59 28 41 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 9.8 15.7 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 7.3 7.3 9.8 7.8 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 15.6 11.5 24.7 18.8 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 6 39 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 25 Armenia Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Population (millions) 3.1 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 9.6 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 3,090 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 937 873 Life expectancy at birth (years) 71 65 77 71 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 3 8 Female-headed households (%) .. 36 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 96 92 100 97 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 94 92 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 57 44 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 100 96 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 100 100 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.5 1.7 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 35 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 10 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 56 53 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 13 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 93 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 51 29 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 61 78 60 75 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 60 62 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 40 38 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 40 36 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 17.1 7.6 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 49 39 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 8 25 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 43 35 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 45 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 24 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 37 56 39 55 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 18 35 23 38 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 35.0 21.9 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 69.4 47.2 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 36 9 26 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Aruba High income Population (millions) 0.11 Population living below GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) .. 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 76 71 78 72 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 113 117 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 97 94 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 36 26 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 93 97 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 99 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.2 1.7 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 31 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 95 90 94 88 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 5 10 6 12 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 2 5 3 5 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.1 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 0 0 0 1 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 5 28 6 33 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 95 71 93 66 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 44 49 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 71 .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 6.3 5.9 6.5 5.0 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 13.8 16.2 .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 11.0 12.9 22.9 24.1 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. .. The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 27 Australia High income Population (millions) 22.3 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 956.9 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 43,740 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 948 947 Life expectancy at birth (years) 80 74 84 79 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 106 106 106 107 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 132 132 130 135 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 38 33 94 71 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.9 1.9 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 15 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 76 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 100 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 100 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 10 8 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 52 76 58 72 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 88 83 91 86 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 12 17 9 14 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 9 12 7 11 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 1.2 0.5 0.3 0.2 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 4 7 2 4 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 13 34 9 32 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 83 59 88 64 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 44 47 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 71 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 82 90 Maternity leave (weeks) 12 52 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 0 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 38 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 47 67 55 68 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 56 59 62 62 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 7.2 6.7 5.4 5.7 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 17.1 24.1 14.4 15.0 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 12.8 13.2 10.4 12.6 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 6 25 28 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Austria High income Population (millions) 8.4 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 391.5 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 46,710 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 948 948 Life expectancy at birth (years) 79 72 83 77 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 101 101 98 99 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 96 105 98 103 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 31 35 64 54 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 97 97 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.5 1.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 12 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 100 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 100 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 10 5 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 43 70 53 68 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 86 86 89 85 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 9 12 11 16 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 11 7 8 9 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 5.2 1.9 2.5 1.8 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 9 7 5 5 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 20 49 11 37 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 70 44 83 58 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 42 47 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 81 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 16 16 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 29 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 42 68 51 65 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 58 64 49 57 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 3.6 3.0 4.5 5.0 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 18.5 18.4 21.0 19.7 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 3.8 3.8 9.4 10.5 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 12 28 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 29 Azerbaijan Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Population (millions) 8.9 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 46.0 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 5,180 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 939 862 Life expectancy at birth (years) 70 61 73 68 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 5 9 Female-headed households (%) .. 25 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 110 111 95 96 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 88 87 101 98 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 19 28 19 19 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 94 96 91 92 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.7 2.3 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 33 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 12 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 51 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 23 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 77 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 88 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 64 38 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 59 74 60 67 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 37 48 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 63 52 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 62 47 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 16.8 16.8 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 40 37 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 7 18 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 53 45 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 44 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. 18 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 16 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 55 66 57 62 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 45 41 31 28 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 4.5 5.8 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 4.9 7.1 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 9.8 18.7 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 16 30 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Bahamas, The High income Population (millions) 0.35 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 7.0 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 20,410 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 946 946 Life expectancy at birth (years) 73 67 77 71 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 97 96 103 103 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 94 91 94 92 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 27 12 .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 96 93 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.6 2.0 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 30 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 62 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 98 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 99 99 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 55 49 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 64 79 68 79 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 89 84 91 83 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 10 15 10 17 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.1 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 2 9 1 5 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 5 24 4 28 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 93 67 96 67 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 50 49 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 52 .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 8 13 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 60 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 57 70 58 69 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 40 51 34 41 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 12.2 12.1 14.0 14.4 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 40.1 22.6 .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 19.5 14.3 21.7 16.7 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 4 12 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 31 Bahrain High income Population (millions) 0.81 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 19.7 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 25,420 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 74 70 78 75 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 110 107 105 108 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 102 98 98 95 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 20 15 51a 52a Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 98 96 99 103 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 97 97 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.7 2.2 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 15 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 53 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 94 99 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 25 19 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 28 88 32 85 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 0 3 .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 7 33 .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 92 64 .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 8 10 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 62 77 Maternity leave (weeks) 6 6 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 12 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 26 84 29 82 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 16 47 16 43 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 11.8 5.2 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 33.9 22.4 .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 3 32 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender South Asia Bangladesh Low income Population (millions) 164.4 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 104.5 $1.25 a day (%) 49.6 GNI per capita ($) 640 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 954 954 Life expectancy at birth (years) 55 53 68 66 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 62 47 20 16 Female-headed households (%) 9 13 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 66 78 97 93 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 12 24 45 40 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 7 6 10 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 63 58 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 38 52 77 74 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.4 2.3 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 75 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 73 66 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 40 53 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 18 17 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 26 51 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 10 24 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 870 340 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 61 89 59 83 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 12 15 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 87 85 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 87 85 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 60.1 9.7 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 85 54 68 42 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 9 16 13 15 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 2 25 19 43 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 20 20 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 10 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 61 87 56 80 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 57 75 46 60 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 6.4 25.7 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 1.9 2.0 7.0 3.4 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 2.3 2.8 13.6 8.0 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 10 19 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 33 Barbados High income Population (millions) 0.26 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 3.5 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 13,500 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 965 965 Life expectancy at birth (years) 77 72 80 75 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.7 1.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 42 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 55 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 100 100 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 120 64 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 62 78 66 78 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 91 85 90 80 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 9 15 10 20 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 9 14 10 18 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0.6 1.0 0.2 0.0 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 6 7 3 4 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 14 29 8 26 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 70 56 78 62 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 47 51 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 60 .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 48 65 59 72 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 39 44 39 49 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 20.2 10.3 9.4 6.8 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 61.3 55.3 .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 40.5 21.8 .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 4 10 34 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Europe & Central Asia Belarus Upper middle income Population (millions) 9.6 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 58.2 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 6,030 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 939 943 Life expectancy at birth (years) 76 66 76 65 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. 54 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 96 96 100a 98a Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 100 96 91a 89a Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 91 63 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 95 95 92 93 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 100 100 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.9 1.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 22 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 7 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 73 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 99 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 37 15 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 60 75 55 67 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 9 15 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 24 33 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 64 37 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 55 56 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. 18 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 53 66 49 60 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 38 40 31 36 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 11.2 12.1 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 32 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 35 Belgium High income Population (millions) 10.9 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 493.5 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 45,420 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 949 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 79 73 84 78 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 101 100 103 104 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 102 101 106 109 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 37 38 74 59 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 82 76 89 85 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.6 1.9 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 13 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 78 75 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 100 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 7 5 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 36 61 47 61 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 83 80 89 82 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 17 20 11 18 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 17 18 9 11 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 6.2 0.8 2.2 0.5 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 2 4 1 2 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 16 40 10 35 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 81 56 88 63 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 39 47 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 80 81 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 75 86 Maternity leave (weeks) 15 15 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 82 82 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 31 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 34 58 43 56 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 29 34 24 29 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 11.4 4.6 8.1 7.7 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 70.0 66.1 45.0 43.5 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 19.2 10.1 22.5 21.5 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 9 39 36 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Latin America & Caribbean Belize Lower middle income Population (millions) 0.34 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 1.3 $1.25 a day (%) 12.1 GNI per capita ($) 3,740 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 74 71 79 75 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 3 7 Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 110 114 120 124 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 65 61 79 73 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 15 8 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 95 96 108 103 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 77 76 .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.5 2.8 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 76 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 47 34 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 96 99 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 77 95 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 72 94 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 35 82 47 81 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 76 68 74 67 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 24 32 26 33 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 22 25 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 2.6 3.3 4.3 3.7 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 5 33 3 28 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 13 23 10 22 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 79 41 86 50 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 34 38 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 50 .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 80 80 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 30 75 41 75 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 27 59 32 55 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 2.1 4.4 13.0 5.9 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 51.6 30.8 .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 4.0 7.1 28.8 13.8 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 0 0 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 37 Benin Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Population (millions) 9.2 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 6.9 $1.25 a day (%) 47.3 GNI per capita ($) 750 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 961 961 Life expectancy at birth (years) 55 53 63 61 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 65 64 Female-headed households (%) .. 23 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 37 70 114 129 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 9 22 26 46 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 4 .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 12 27 53 71 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 27 55 43 65 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.7 5.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 106 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 34 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 17 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 30 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 84 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 74 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 790 410 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 57 89 67 78 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 21 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 57 88 67 77 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 55 79 58 55 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 76.0 72.8 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 0.6 2.2 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 0.7 2.5 .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 3 8 38 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Bermuda High income Population (milliona) 0.6 Population living below GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) .. 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 78 70 82 76 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 92a 91a Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 85a 72a Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 47 18 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) .. 1.8 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. .. Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0 3 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 3 21 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 97 77 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 49 49 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 92 Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 4.3 7.5 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. .. The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 39 Bhutan South Asia Lower middle income Population (millions) 0.71 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 1.4 $1.25 a day (%) 26.2 GNI per capita ($) 1,920 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 962 962 Life expectancy at birth (years) 54 51 68 65 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. 28 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 43 71 110 108 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 61 62 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 5 8 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 20 28 92 85 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 68 80 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.9 2.6 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 48 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 19 35 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 88 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 15 71 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 940 200 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 45 67 53 71 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 18 52 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 25 19 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 76 39 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 51.7 21.3 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 63 33 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 6 24 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 32 44 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 17 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 43 66 52 69 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 31 46 40 50 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 3.3 3.0 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 7.2 5.5 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 2 9 40 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Latin America & Caribbean Bolivia Lower middle income Population (millions) 10.0 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 18.0 $1.25 a day (%) 14.0 GNI per capita ($) 1,790 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 61 57 68 64 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 51 51 20 18 Female-headed households (%) 19 .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 102 110 107 108 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 80 82 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 35 42 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 64 78 98 99 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 92 96 99 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.9 3.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 77 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 24 .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 30 61 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 23 .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 46 86 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 43 71 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 510 180 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 59 82 62 82 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 48 63 23 43 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 52 37 70 57 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 50 32 67 49 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 6.7 3.6 34.4 15.0 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 0 2 38 34 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 12 35 9 28 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 87 63 52 38 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 35 38 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 8 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 70 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 36 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 55 78 58 78 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 42 57 40 54 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 31.1 33.0 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 12.3 21.1 6.0 4.5 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 9 25 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 41 Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Population (millions) 3.8 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 18.0 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 4,790 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 933 933 Life expectancy at birth (years) 74 62 78 73 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 110 108 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 92 90 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 42 32 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.7 1.2 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 15 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 6 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 36 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 23 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 99 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 97 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 18 9 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 53 67 55 68 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 73 73 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 27 28 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 10.4 2.6 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 36 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 37 48 40 52 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 14 19 22 23 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 9.5 11.7 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 21.6 15.5 27.1 21.8 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 51.9 44.7 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 17 42 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Sub-Saharan Africa Botswana Upper middle income Population (millions) 2.0 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 13.6 $1.25 a day (%) 31.2 GNI per capita ($) 6,890 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 66 62 55 55 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 16 18 .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 109 102 108 111 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 42 38 84 79 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 4 5 8 7 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 98 81 97 93 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 92 86 97 94 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.7 2.8 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 49 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 10 .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 33 53 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 92 94 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 77 95 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 83 190 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 64 82 72 81 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 65 67 59 62 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 35 33 41 38 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 34 31 39 33 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 6.8 1.4 4.4 2.1 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 24 35 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 11 19 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 65 46 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 34 43 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 66 Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 25 25 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 33 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 47 64 57 68 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 30 41 36 44 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 17.2 11.7 19.9 15.3 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 33.3 20.2 .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 5 8 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 43 Brazil Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Population (millions) 194.9 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 1,830.4 $1.25 a day (%) 3.8 GNI per capita ($) 9,390 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 70 63 76 69 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 20 17 .. .. Female-headed households (%) 21 .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 129 130 123 132 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 106 96 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 11 10 39 30 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 99 97 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.8 1.8 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 76 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 26 36 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 59 80 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 18 .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 74 97 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 72 97 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 120 58 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 45 85 60 82 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 68 65 69 64 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 32 35 25 33 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 30 29 22 27 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 9.4 4.3 6.3 3.4 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 13 28 12 21 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 13 28 13 29 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 74 44 75 50 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 35 42 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 54 .. Maternity leave (weeks) 17 17 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 35 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 42 78 54 77 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 38 69 43 62 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 3.5 6.9 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 3.5 3.8 11.0 6.1 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 6.8 6.7 23.1 13.9 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 5 9 44 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Brunei Darussalam High income Population (millions) 0.41 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 12.5 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 31,180 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 948 948 Life expectancy at birth (years) 76 72 80 75 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 110 117 107 106 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 80 73 99 97 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 6 5 22 13 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 135 119 104 103 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 98 98 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.2 2.1 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 24 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 100 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 98 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 28 21 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 45 83 60 75 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 96 94 .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 4 6 .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 3 4 .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0.6 0.4 .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 2 2 .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 9 31 .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 90 66 .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 23 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 44 79 57 72 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 33 49 39 44 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 6.7 3.7 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. .. The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 45 Bulgaria Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Population (millions) 7.6 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 47.2 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 6,240 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 943 943 Life expectancy at birth (years) 75 68 77 70 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 95 97 101 102 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 99 99 86 89 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 28 24 61 46 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 101 101 94 94 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 97 98 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.8 1.6 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 40 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 24 13 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 55 63 48 61 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 90 85 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 10 15 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 8 10 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 1.5 0.6 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 5 9 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 27 43 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 67 49 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 52 51 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 48 54 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 69 Maternity leave (weeks) 17 19 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 90 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 32 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 45 50 45 57 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 34 26 23 29 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 22.0 20.9 6.6 7.0 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 52.3 52.6 46.4 40.7 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 13.7 17.8 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 21 21 46 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Sub-Saharan Africa Burkina Faso Low income Population (millions) 16.3 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 9.0 $1.25 a day (%) 56.5 GNI per capita ($) 550 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 957 957 Life expectancy at birth (years) 48 47 55 52 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) 7 .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 25 40 75a 83a Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 3 6 19a 24a Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 0 1 2 5 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 14 24 44a 50a Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 14 27 33 47 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.8 5.8 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 122 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 62 48 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 8 17 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 25 31 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 59 85 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 42 54 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 770 560 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 77 91 78 91 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 1 6 .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 98 93 .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 98 92 .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 87.3 52.2 .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 13 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 76 88 77 88 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 73 81 71 79 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 34.5 49.0 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 15 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 47 Burundi Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Population (millions) 8.5 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 1.4 $1.25 a day (%) 81.3 GNI per capita ($) 160 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 48 45 52 49 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 114 101 65 65 Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 62 77 144 149 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 4 6 18 25 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 0 1 1 3 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 34 48 51 54 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 48 59 76 77 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.6 4.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 20 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 17 18 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 9 9 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 79 92 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 19 34 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,200 970 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 91 90 91 88 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 14 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 90 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 85 84 85 81 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 75 70 72 65 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 11.0 12.5 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 0.3 0.7 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 0.4 1.0 .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 32 48 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender East Asia & Pacific Cambodia Low income Population (millions) 14.1 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 10.7 $1.25 a day (%) 28.3 GNI per capita ($) 760 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 57 53 63 60 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 20 20 Female-headed households (%) .. 24 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 96 119 113 120 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 36 44 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 0 2 5 9 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 79 80 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 86 89 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.8 2.9 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 38 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 23 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 51a Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 25 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 89a Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 71a Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 690 290 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 78 84 74 86 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 44 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 13 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 50 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 14 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 77 84 72 84 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 74 68 69 74 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 48.1 49.6 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 21 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 49 Cameroon Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Population (millions) 20.0 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 23.2 $1.25 a day (%) 9.6 GNI per capita ($) 1,160 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 57 53 52 51 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 75 64 72 73 Female-headed households (%) 18 24 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 89 103 106 122 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 20 29 38 45 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 8 10 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 52 56 67 80 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 77 89 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.9 4.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 123 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 58 36 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 16 29 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 22 3 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 79 82 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 58 63 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 680 600 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 48 83 54 81 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 45 76 50 74 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 33 55 33 51 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 43.4 43.5 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 3.3 2.5 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 14 14 50 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Canada High income Population (millions) 34.2 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 1,415.4 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 41,950 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 949 949 Life expectancy at birth (years) 81 74 84 79 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 103 104 98 99 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 100 99 101 103 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 99 80 72 53 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 96 96 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.8 1.6 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 13 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 6 12 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 58 76 63 73 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 90 82 89 81 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 10 18 11 19 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.1 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 2 5 1 3 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 12 34 10 32 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 85 61 89 65 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 47 50 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 70 68 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 17 18 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 57 55 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 36 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 52 67 58 66 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 58 57 60 56 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 8.1 8.2 7.0 9.4 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 6.2 8.0 7.4 8.1 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 11.0 13.5 12.4 18.0 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 13 25 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 51 Cape Verde Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Population (millions) 0.51 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 1.6 $1.25 a day (%) 21.0 GNI per capita ($) 3,160 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 68 63 74 69 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 109 116 94 102 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 20 20 88 75 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 0 0 17 13 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 51 57 87 87 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 86 90 99 97 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.3 2.7 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 77 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 18 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 61 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 98 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 78 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 230 94 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 42 86 54 81 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 39 79 50 75 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 42 70 39 58 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 22.6 23.3 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 42.1 40.7 .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 12 21 52 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Cayman Islands High income Population (millions) 0.06 Population living below GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) .. 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. .. Life expectancy at birth (years) .. .. .. .. Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 85 91 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 86 78 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 39 18 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 76 91 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 99 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) .. .. Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. .. Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 95 87 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 5 12 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 0 2 1 3 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 3 34 4 33 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 98 64 94 63 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 50 51 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 12.2 5.3 4.1 3.8 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 13.3 13.6 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. .. The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 53 Central African Republic Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Population (millions) 4.5 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 2.1 $1.25 a day (%) 62.8 GNI per capita ($) 460 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 52 47 49 46 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 82 74 Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 55 87 76a 107a Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 7 16 9a 16a Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 0 2 1 3 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 19 42 29a 51a Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 35 63 57 72 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.8 4.7 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 103 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 61 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 19 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 69 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 44 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 880 850 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 69 87 72 87 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 50 50 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 65 81 67 80 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 51 63 51 62 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 4 13 54 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Sub-Saharan Africa Chad Low income Population (millions) 11.5 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 6.9 $1.25 a day (%) 61.9 GNI per capita ($) 600 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 53 49 50 48 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 101 96 Female-headed households (%) .. 20 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 30 69 74 105 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 2 11 14 34 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 0 1 1 3 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 6 26 24 42 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 9 26 39 54 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.7 6.1 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 154 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 72 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 3 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 21 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 39 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 14 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,300 1,200 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 65 81 63 78 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 1 9 .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 98 90 .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 98 90 .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 44.4 13.2 .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 86 80 .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 1 3 .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 13 16 .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 4 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 50 50 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 60 75 59 73 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 51 49 49 47 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 56.2 64.4 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 0.3 1.1 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 13 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 55 Channel Islands High income Population (millions) 0.15 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 10.2 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 68,600 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 946 946 Life expectancy at birth (years) 79 74 82 77 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.5 1.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 9 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. .. 56 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Latin America & Caribbean Chile Upper middle income Population (millions) 17.1 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 170.3 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 9,940 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 962 962 Life expectancy at birth (years) 77 71 82 76 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 104 106 104 109 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 80 76 92 89 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 25 29 56 54 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 88 101 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 99 98 99 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.6 1.9 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 57 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 56 64 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 95 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 99 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 56 26 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 32 77 42 73 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 77 71 74 72 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 20 28 26 28 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 24 25 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 2.7 1.0 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 6 25 6 15 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 14 30 11 31 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 80 44 83 54 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 37 36 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 50 56 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 18 18 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 24 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 29 72 37 67 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 20 45 19 31 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 5.7 5.7 10.7 9.1 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 27.2 14.7 .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 12.4 13.4 24.4 21.5 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 14 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 57 China East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Population (millions) 1,338.3 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 5,700.0 $1.25 a day (%) 15.9 GNI per capita ($) 4,260 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 885 839 Life expectancy at birth (years)b 70 67 75 72 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 122 135 115 111 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 33 44 81 76 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 25 24 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15+) 91 97 99 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) b 2.3 1.8 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) b .. 9 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 85 85 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 91 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 50 99 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 110 38 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 73 85 67 80 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 38 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 8 13 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 17 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 70 80 65 76 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 74 69 59 53 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 21 21 58 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Latin America & Caribbean Colombia Upper middle income Population (millions) 46.3 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 255.3 $1.25 a day (%) 16.0 GNI per capita ($) 5,510 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 72 64 77 70 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 6 11 3 4 Female-headed households (%) 23 19 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 113 99 120 120 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 57 48 99 90 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 15 14 38 36 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 85 63 117 113 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 92 89 98 97 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.1 2.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 72 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 22 23 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 66 78 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 11 6 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 83 94 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 82 96 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 140 85 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 29 78 41 78 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 72 65 49 46 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 28 35 51 54 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 26 30 48 47 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 2.4 0.8 7.3 3.6 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 1 2 6 27 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 25 35 16 22 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 74 63 78 51 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 42 48 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 60 Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 38 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 24 69 34 70 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 17 50 22 45 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 2.3 5.3 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 13.2 8.1 15.8 9.3 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 24.8 15.3 29.9 18.2 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 5 13 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 59 Comoros Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Population (millions) 0.68 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 0.55 $1.25 a day (%) 46.1 GNI per capita ($) 820 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 58 55 68 64 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 70 100 114 125 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 28 41 39 52 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 0 1 2 3 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 36 43 71 91 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 85 86 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.5 3.9 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 55 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 75 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 530 340 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 64 87 74 85 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 61 80 69 80 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 52 62 50 56 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 16.9 21.3 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 0 3 60 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Sub-Saharan Africa Congo, Dem. Rep. Low income Population (millions) 67.8 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 12.0 $1.25 a day (%) 59.2 GNI per capita ($) 180 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 50 46 49 46 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 64 70 Female-headed households (%) .. 21 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 47 67 83 98 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 14 29 26 47 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 3 8 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 36 61 46 66 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 62 73 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 7.1 5.9 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 189 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 39 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 8 21 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 24 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 85 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 74 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 900 670 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 53 85 57 86 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 26 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 67 67 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 50 79 53 79 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 46 64 48 67 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 5 10 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 61 Congo, Rep. Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Population (millions) 3.8 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 8.7 $1.25 a day (%) 54.1 GNI per capita ($) 2,310 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 61 57 55 53 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 43 49 Female-headed households (%) .. 23 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 118 126 116 123 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 41 54 40 46 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 2 8 2 11 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 58 59 72 77 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 78 87 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.4 4.3 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 116 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 44 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 16 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 86 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 83 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 460 580 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 59 84 63 83 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 9 36 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 90 62 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 89 60 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 4.7 3.3 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 39 31 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 21 20 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 39 46 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 26 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 15 15 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 56 78 59 77 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 41 58 40 56 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 30.2 29.9 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 14 7 62 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Latin America & Caribbean Costa Rica Upper middle income Population (millions) 4.6 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 30.5 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 6,580 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 78 73 82 77 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 101 102 109 110 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 44 42 99 93 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 28 23 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 81 77 97 95 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 99 98 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.2 1.9 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 64 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 75 80 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 95 90 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 98 99 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 35 44 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 33 84 45 80 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 78 67 75 71 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 22 33 25 29 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 21 26 20 19 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 6.3 4.7 2.6 0.9 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 6 34 4 17 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 24 27 13 27 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 69 39 82 56 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 37 42 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 53 .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 74 70 Maternity leave (weeks) 17 16 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 30 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 31 79 42 76 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 31 65 33 54 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 3.5 8.1 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 5.9 4.1 6.2 4.1 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 13.9 8.4 .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 10.0 7.6 13.4 9.6 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 11 39 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 63 Côte d’Ivoire Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Population (millions) 21.6 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 23.0 $1.25 a day (%) 23.8 GNI per capita ($) 1,070 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 978 978 Life expectancy at birth (years) 60 56 59 57 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 58 71 .. .. Female-headed households (%) 15 .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 56 79 66 81 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 4 6 11 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 30 50 39 54 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 38 60 61 72 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.3 4.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 120 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 44 35 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 11 13 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 27 29 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 83 85 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 45 57 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 690 470 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 43 88 51 82 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 42 81 49 78 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 36 65 40 59 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 43.6 47.7 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 6 9 64 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Croatia High income Population (millions) 4.4 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 61.0 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 13,760 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 944 944 Life expectancy at birth (years) 76 69 80 73 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 1 1 Female-headed households (%) .. 24 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 82 82 95 95 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 84 81 97 94 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 25 26 55 43 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 97 97 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 100 100 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.6 1.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 13 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 100a Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 100 100a Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 8 14 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 47 69 46 60 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 80 77 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 20 23 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 18 16 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 3.9 0.9 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 15 13 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 16 39 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 68 47 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 43 45 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 59 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 77 Maternity leave (weeks) .. 59 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 26 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 41 62 41 56 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 25 29 20 30 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 11.2 11.1 10.2 8.0 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. 61.0 50.8 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 38.6 41.5 27.2 18.5 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 24 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 65 Cuba Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Population (millions) 11.2 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 62.2 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 5,550 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 946 946 Life expectancy at birth (years) 77 73 81 77 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. 46 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 98 103 103 104 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 101 89 89 90 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 25 18 149 88 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 98 98 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.8 1.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 45 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 70 78 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 8 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 100 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 100 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 63 53 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 36 73 41 67 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 93 77 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 7 23 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 9 25 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 12 22 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 80 53 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 43 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 18 18 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 29 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 35 71 40 66 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 28 53 29 41 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 2.0 1.4 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 3.5 2.8 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 34 43 66 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Curaçao High income Population (millions) 0.14 Population living below GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) .. 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. .. Life expectancy at birth (years) .. .. .. .. Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) .. .. Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. .. Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. .. The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 67 Cyprus High income Population (millions) 0.88 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 24.4 c $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 30,460c 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 935 935 Life expectancy at birth (years) 79 74 82 77 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 89 89 105 106 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 71 70 99 98 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 13 10 48 56 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 83 84 103 103 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 100 100 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.4 1.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 6 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 17 10 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 46 74 54 71 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 86 75 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 14 25 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 13 17 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 3.5 1.4 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 16 12 3 5 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 25 31 10 32 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 59 55 87 62 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 49 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 66 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 58 56 Maternity leave (weeks) .. 16 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 75 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 43 71 52 67 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 38 42 33 36 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 2.2 2.0 5.5 5.0 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. 10.4 10.4 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 9.4 8.6 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 2 11 68 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Czech Republic High income Population (millions) 10.5 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 188.3 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 17,870 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 945 945 Life expectancy at birth (years) 75 68 80 74 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 96 96 103 104 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 88 97 96 94 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 14 18 71 51 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 93 91 99 99 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.9 1.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 10 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 78 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 99 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 15 8 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 52 71 49 68 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 90 84 89 79 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 10 16 11 21 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 5 8 9 16 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0.4 0.2 1.0 0.3 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 6 9 2 4 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 33 51 24 49 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 61 40 74 47 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 51 46 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 69 69 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 68 .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. 28 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 69 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 29 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 51 70 45 64 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 40 56 21 29 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 2.1 2.4 7.7 5.8 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 17.7 19.5 33.4 29.0 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 4.1 5.1 16.7 16.6 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 22 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 69 Denmark High income Population (millions) 5.6 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 328.3 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 58,980 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 948 948 Life expectancy at birth (years) 78 72 81 77 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 98 98 99 98 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 110 108 120 117 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 36 32 92 63 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 95 95 97 96 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.7 1.8 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 6 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 78 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 100 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 7 5 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 62 75 60 71 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 93 85 95 87 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 7 15 5 13 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 6 8 4 7 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 4.0 0.1 0.5 0.3 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 3 8 1 4 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 16 37 10 29 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 81 55 89 66 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 48 49 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 71 62 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 85 87 Maternity leave (weeks) 18 18 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 90 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 25 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 56 68 57 66 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 63 68 62 61 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 8.9 7.8 5.4 6.5 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 32.0 27.8 9.4 8.9 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 11.6 11.4 9.9 12.4 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 31 38 70 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Middle East & North Africa Djibouti Lower middle income Population (millions) 0.88 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 1.1 $1.25 a day (%) 18.8 GNI per capita ($) 1,280 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 962 962 Life expectancy at birth (years) 52 49 57 54 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 24 29 Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 30 41 51 58 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 9 13 26 35 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 0 0 3 4 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 34 37 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.2 3.8 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 22 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 5 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 23 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 22 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 92 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 93 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 370 300 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 51 81 62 79 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 79 75 .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 16 19 .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 50 50 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 46.7 41.9 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 0 14 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 71 Dominica Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Population (millions) 0.07 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 0.37 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 4,960 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 75 71 .. .. Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 111 114 111 113 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 78 66 109 102 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 5 6 5 2 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 88 90 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.7 .. Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. .. Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 50 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 90 100 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 70 57 .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 28 41 .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 23 32 .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 2.9 3.0 .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 13 40 .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 13 27 .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 71 31 .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 40 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 9 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 60 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 9.8 9.9 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 29.3 13.6 .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 10 13 72 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Latin America & Caribbean Dominican Republic Upper middle income Population (millions) 10.2 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 49.7 $1.25 a day (%) 4.3 GNI per capita ($) 4,860 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 70 65 76 70 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 20 18 4 6 Female-headed households (%) 25 35 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 121 117 98 114 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 82 72 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 41 26 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 89 90 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 97 95 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.5 2.6 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 107 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 30 40 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 56 73 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 17 11 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 97 99 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 93 98 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 220 100 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 43 85 51 80 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 69 53 67 47 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 31 47 33 54 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 30 42 30 49 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 3.7 6.2 3.4 2.9 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 3 27 2 21 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 24 23 14 26 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 74 50 84 53 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 32 39 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 42 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 29 75 39 73 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 22 57 26 52 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 2.7 9.0 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 33.3 12.8 22.8 8.5 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 48.2 25.0 44.5 21.2 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 8 21 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 73 Ecuador Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Population (millions) 13.8 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 62.1 $1.25 a day (%) 5.1 GNI per capita ($) 4,510 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 71 66 78 72 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 26 25 5 5 Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 119 121 118 117 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 59 57 77 74 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 23 34 45 39 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 92 92 107 105 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 96 97 97 97 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.7 2.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 82 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 26 22 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 53 73 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 76 84 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 61 98 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 230 140 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 33 78 47 78 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 45 60 46 58 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 44 40 53 42 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 41 33 51 37 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 11.3 3.9 19.5 7.3 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 3 10 23 34 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 17 30 11 24 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 81 60 66 43 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 31 39 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 60 .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 28 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 30 73 43 74 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 25 51 27 45 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 11.6 16.9 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 9.1 4.3 8.4 5.2 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 17.3 11.1 18.1 11.7 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 5 32 74 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Middle East & North Africa Egypt, Arab Rep. Lower middle income Population (millions) 84.5 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 197.9 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 2,340 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 64 62 72 69 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 36 25 5 5 Female-headed households (%) 12 12 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 78 94 99 103 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 59 78 66 68 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 10 18 24 31 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 59 81 95 98 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 54 71 82 88 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.6 2.8 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 44 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 27 17 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 48 60 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 20 9 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 52 74 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 37 79 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 220 82 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 27 74 22 75 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 50 57 48 61 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 51 43 52 39 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 46 24 49 22 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 32.8 9.6 33.9 8.7 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 52 35 46 28 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 10 24 6 27 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 38 41 49 44 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 21 19 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 68 76 Maternity leave (weeks) 7 13 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 11 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 21 71 18 71 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 14 35 11 43 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 4.3 11.5 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 17.9 5.2 22.9 5.2 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 47.9 17.2 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 4 2 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 75 El Salvador Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Population (millions) 6.2 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 20.8 $1.25 a day (%) 5.1 GNI per capita ($) 3,360 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 71 61 76 67 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 96 97 113 117 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 40 36 64 63 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 19 21 26 23 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 66 64 91 88 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 85 85 95 95 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.0 2.3 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 80 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 25 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 47 73 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 69 94 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 52 96 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 200 110 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 41 83 46 77 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 50 62 42 62 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 49 37 48 36 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 46 27 45 31 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 8.6 7.4 10.0 9.0 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 3 11 4 28 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 22 35 20 26 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 75 54 76 46 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 46 48 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 54 .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 92 85 Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 75 75 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 29 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 39 76 44 69 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 30 62 29 52 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 3.8 10.1 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 9.8 10.1 3.6 7.5 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 14.3 15.0 8.3 13.0 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 12 19 76 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Equatorial Guinea High income Population (millions) 0.69 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 10.2 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 14,680 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 48 45 52 49 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 141 150 82a 84a Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 25 57 .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 0 3 .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 48 54 50a 50a Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 98 98 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.9 5.3 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 120 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 37 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 5 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,000 280 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 40 92 40 92 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 11 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 75 75 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 36 85 37 85 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 38 78 41 78 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 13 10 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 77 Eritrea Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Population (millions) 5.2 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 1.8 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 340 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 50 46 62 58 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 20 21 44 53 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 11 12 26 37 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 1a 3a Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 15 21 43 52 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 86 92 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.2 4.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 61 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 930 280 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 55 84 63 83 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. 9 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 51 77 59 77 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 45 62 46 59 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 22 78 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Estonia High income Population (millions) 1.3 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 19.2 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 14,360 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 944 944 Life expectancy at birth (years) 75 65 80 70 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 92 95 99 101 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 104 96 101 98 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 25 23 80 48 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 101 100 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 100 100 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.0 1.6 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 21 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 70 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 48 12 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 63 77 55 69 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 97 97 95 89 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 3 3 5 11 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 3 2 3 6 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 2.3 0.9 0.2 0.2 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 15 27 3 6 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 31 42 19 42 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 53 31 78 50 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 52 52 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 68 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. 20 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 34 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 61 74 49 57 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 47 54 28 32 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 0.7 0.6 10.8 17.0 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. 28.4 26.8 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 21.2 31.8 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 20 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 79 Ethiopia Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Population (millions) 85.0 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 32.4 $1.25 a day (%) 39.0 GNI per capita ($) 380 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 48 45 57 54 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 56 56 Female-headed households (%) .. 23 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 29 44 98 107 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 12 16 30 39 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 0 1 2 5 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 18 28 53 57 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 28 39 33 56 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 7.1 5.2 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 63 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 49 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 5 15 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 34 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 28 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 6 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 990 470 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 72 91 81 90 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 2 4 43 49 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 24 70 44 42 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 96 89 56 48 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 72.6 20.5 12.7 7.8 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 10 9 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 20 25 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 64 76 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 47 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 56 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 13 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 20 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 64 87 74 88 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 62 79 68 77 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 47.1 64.3 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 1.6 1.1 29.9 12.1 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 3.0 1.9 29.4 19.5 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 28 80 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Faeroe Islands High income Population (millions) 0.05 Population living below GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) .. 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. .. Life expectancy at birth (years) .. .. 82 77 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) .. .. Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. .. Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 8 20 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 8 33 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 83 53 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 46 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 3.9 2.6 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 12.5 6.9 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. .. The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 81 Fiji East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Population (millions) 0.85 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 3.1 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 3,610 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 943 943 Life expectancy at birth (years) 69 65 71 67 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 112 112 94 95 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 75 78 84 78 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 2 4 17 14 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 98 98 91 92 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.4 2.7 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 44 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 43 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 98 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 40 26 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 29 84 39 78 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 57 59 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 41 40 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 39 39 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 19.9 12.3 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 30 30 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 51 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 28 79 36 75 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 24 59 26 52 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 12.9 6.4 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 0 11 82 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Finland High income Population (millions) 5.4 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 253.0 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 47,170 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 954 954 Life expectancy at birth (years) 79 71 83 77 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 99 100 97 98 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 123 104 112 106 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 47 42 101 82 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 102 102 97 97 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.8 1.9 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 9 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 77 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 100 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 100 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 7 8 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 59 72 57 65 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 89 81 91 82 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 11 20 9 18 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 7 12 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 1.1 1.7 0.4 0.7 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 7 11 3 6 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 17 42 10 37 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 76 47 87 56 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 51 51 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 67 64 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 77 84 Maternity leave (weeks) 15 21 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 80 70 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 30 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 55 65 53 59 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 46 51 43 40 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 2.6 3.5 7.5 8.9 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 8.4 9.7 14.7 18.2 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 8.3 9.4 18.8 22.0 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 32 43 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 83 France High income Population (millions) 64.9 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 2,749.8 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 42,390 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 951 951 Life expectancy at birth (years) 81 73 85 78 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 109 111 108 109 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 99 93 113 113 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 39 34 62 49 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.8 2.0 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 7 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 81 77 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 99 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 99 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 13 8 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 46 65 51 62 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 87 82 93 86 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 13 18 7 14 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 11 11 5 8 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 5.5 0.9 1.0 0.3 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 5 6 2 4 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 17 39 10 34 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 78 55 87 62 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 45 49 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 79 80 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 79 82 Maternity leave (weeks) 16 16 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 84 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 38 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 41 60 46 57 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 29 36 29 34 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 12.2 7.2 9.3 8.9 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 40.0 35.5 35.3 35.6 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 23.9 15.3 21.7 23.4 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 7 19 84 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender French Polynesia High income Population (millions) 0.27 Population living below GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) .. 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 72 67 77 72 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 125 130 .. .. Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 78 57 .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.3 2.2 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 50 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 48 74 48 66 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 43 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. .. The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 85 Gabon Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Population (millions) 1.5 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 11.7 $1.25 a day (%) 4.8 GNI per capita ($) 7,760 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 63 59 62 60 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 156 156 134 135 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 37 43 .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 3 8 .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 70 70 .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 92 94 97 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.2 3.2 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 86 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 260 260 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 63 83 70 81 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 29 59 35 52 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 63 38 65 46 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 63 37 64 45 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 5.3 2.0 6.7 2.3 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 61 26 34 17 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 3 19 3 19 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 36 55 64 64 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 29 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 53 68 59 65 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 38 43 36 40 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 16.1 19.1 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 40.2 41.7 .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 13 15 86 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Sub-Saharan Africa Gambia, The Low income Population (millions) 1.8 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 0.77 $1.25 a day (%) 34.3 GNI per capita ($) 440 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 53 50 58 55 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 39 46 Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 47 75 86a 84a Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 12 25 54a 57a Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 0 2 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 32 60 73a 71a Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 60 71 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.1 5.0 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 73 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 36 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 12 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 98 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 44 57 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 750 400 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 71 86 71 85 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 77 54 .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 1 11 .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 20 35 .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 21 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 66 80 66 79 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 58 59 57 59 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 52.3 33.9 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 8 8 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 87 Georgia Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Population (millions) 4.5d Population living below GNI ($ billions) 12.0d $1.25 a day (%) 14.7 GNI per capita ($) 2,690d 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 929 902 Life expectancy at birth (years) 74 67 75 68 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 4 5 Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 97 97 108 108 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 94 96 88 92 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 35 38 28 23 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 104 110 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.2 1.6 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 43 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 17 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 47 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 94 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 98 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 58 48 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 60 78 55 74 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 35 37 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 65 63 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 65 62 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 37.9 19.6 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 57 51 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 4 17 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 39 33 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 46 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 56 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 61 Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 33 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 51 66 46 61 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 24 32 14 28 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 29.9 33.6 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 16.1 16.8 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 40.7 32.4 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 7 88 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Germany High income Population (millions) 81.6 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 3,537.2 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 43,330 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 948 948 Life expectancy at birth (years) 79 72 83 77 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 99 98 103 104 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 99 101 99 104 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 30 40 .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 100 99 104 104 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.5 1.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 7 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 70 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 100 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 13 7 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 45 73 53 67 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 91 88 92 86 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 9 12 8 14 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 6 5 6 8 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 2.9 0.4 1.0 0.3 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 4 4 1 2 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 26 50 15 41 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 70 45 84 57 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 43 47 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 90 80 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 74 Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 38 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 45 69 49 61 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 55 60 44 47 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 7.0 4.5 7.3 8.1 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 44.5 49.1 47.0 44.4 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 6.0 4.9 9.8 12.0 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 33 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 89 Ghana Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Population (millions) 24.3 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 30.1 $1.25 a day (%) 30.0 GNI per capita ($) 1,240 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 948 948 Life expectancy at birth (years) 58 56 58 56 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 79 78 28 38 Female-headed households (%) 37 34 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 64 75 105 106 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 28 42 54 61 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 0 1 7 11 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 56 71 81 85 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 79 81 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.6 3.9 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 68 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 41 25 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 17 24 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 37 35 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 82 90 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 40 57 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 630 350 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 70 73 74 75 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 59 66 .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 10 10 .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 32 23 .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 50 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 63 67 66 68 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 44 38 44 42 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 48.0 49.9 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 5.5 3.7 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 18.9 14.8 .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 8 90 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Gibraltar High income Population (millions) 0.03 Population living below GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) .. 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. .. Life expectancy at birth (years) .. .. .. .. Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) .. .. Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. .. Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 35 41 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 61 61 Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 4.0 7.7 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. .. The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 91 Greece High income Population (millions) 11.3 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 308.6 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 27,240 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 938 939 Life expectancy at birth (years) 80 75 83 78 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 99 100 101 101 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 92 94 99 104 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 26 25 95 87 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 100 99 101 102 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 99 99 99 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.4 1.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 11 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 6 2 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 36 67 43 65 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 52 53 69 61 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 48 47 31 39 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 46 40 27 28 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 27.7 4.8 9.7 3.3 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 30 20 12 12 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 17 33 9 30 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 52 46 79 59 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 35 42 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 61 68 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 79 .. Maternity leave (weeks) 15 17 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 27 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 30 63 37 61 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 24 38 17 27 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 11.7 4.2 13.1 6.9 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 55.9 39.9 45.6 34.4 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 32.6 15.1 33.9 19.4 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 7 17 92 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Greenland High income Population (millions) 0.06 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 1.5 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 26,150 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 68 63 70 66 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.4 2.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. .. Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 49 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 6.7 10.0 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. .. The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 93 Grenada Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Population (millions) 0.10 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 0.58 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 5,560 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 71 67 77 74 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 114 117 104 110 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 99 89 100 99 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 62 45 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 117 134 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 96 96 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.8 2.3 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 40 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 54 54 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 100 100 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 99 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 84 74 .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 31 18 .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 29 14 .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 1.3 1.6 .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 15 24 .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 17 30 .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 62 40 .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 40 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 43 .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 60 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 37.0 18.5 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 26.7 27.5 .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 13 94 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Guam High income Population (millions) 0.18 Population living below GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) .. 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 945 945 Life expectancy at birth (years) 74 70 78 73 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.1 2.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 51 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 53 79 52 77 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 43 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 4.5 4.3 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 16.1 16.4 .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. .. The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 95 Guatemala Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Population (millions) 14.4 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 39.3 $1.25 a day (%) 16.9 GNI per capita ($) 2,740 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 65 59 74 67 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 47 44 .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 75 86 110 117 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 23 26 55 58 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 18 18 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 77 83 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 71 82 84 89 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.6 4.0 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 105 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 41 .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 23 54 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 29 51 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 140 110 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 39 88 48 88 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 68 46 39 49 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 32 54 61 51 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 30 53 58 45 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 9.1 14.4 21.4 15.5 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 3 18 16 44 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 22 34 21 24 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 75 49 63 32 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 37 43 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 11 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 38 85 46 85 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 31 76 39 75 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 11.7 24.5 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 3.1 1.6 2.4 1.5 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 6.0 3.0 .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 7 12 96 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Sub-Saharan Africa Guinea Low income Population (millions) 10.3 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 4.0 $1.25 a day (%) 43.3 GNI per capita ($) 380 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 942 942 Life expectancy at birth (years) 50 47 60 56 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 112 122 86 89 Female-headed households (%) .. 17 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 21 45 83 97 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 5 15 27 46 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 0 2 5 14 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 9 28 53 71 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 54 68 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.7 5.3 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 148 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 67 63 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 2 9 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 21 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 58 88 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 31 46 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,200 680 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 79 90 79 89 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 79 73 .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 3 9 .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 18 18 .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 77 87 77 86 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 72 77 71 75 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) 49.5 47.2 .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 1.7 4.6 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 19 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 97 Guinea-Bissau Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Population (millions) 1.6 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 0.89 $1.25 a day (%) 48.8 GNI per capita ($) 540 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 45 42 50 47 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 88 110 Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 36 65 .. .. Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 3 7 .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 0 1 .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 3 7 .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 64 78 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.9 5.7 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 105 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 24 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 10 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 25 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 78 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 39 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,200 1,000 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 59 81 60 84 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 11 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 8 9 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 56 75 56 78 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 42 55 45 61 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 48.1 52.8 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 20 10 98 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Latin America & Caribbean Guyana Lower middle income Population (millions) 0.76 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 2.5 $1.25 a day (%) 7.7 GNI per capita ($) 3,270 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 65 59 71 65 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 9 9 Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 91 92 102 104 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 80 77 104 103 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 5 6 11 11 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 89 86 109 109 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.6 2.3 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 63 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 20 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 38 43 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 32 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 92 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 92 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 310 270 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 36 82 45 81 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 53 52 .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 47 48 .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 13 13 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 70 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 31 75 39 74 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 23 58 22 53 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 18.1 8.4 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 38.3 20.8 .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 37 30 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 99 Haiti Latin America & Caribbean Low income Population (millions) 10.0 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 6.5 $1.25 a day (%) 54.9 GNI per capita ($) 650 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 56 54 63 60 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 36 33 Female-headed households (%) .. 44 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 47 49 .. .. Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 2 .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 27 30 .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 87 75 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.4 3.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 44 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 30 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 10 32 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 38 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 71 85 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 23 26 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 670 300 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 57 81 58 83 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 21 17 .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 77 81 .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 11.2 12.3 .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 50 76 .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 9 9 .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 38 13 .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 44 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 45 73 52 78 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 41 46 55 58 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 29.6 37.3 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 13.8 11.9 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 24.4 23.0 .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 11 100 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Latin America & Caribbean Honduras Lower middle income Population (millions) 7.6 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 14.3 $1.25 a day (%) 23.3 GNI per capita ($) 1,880 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 69 64 75 70 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 9 8 Female-headed households (%) .. 26 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 108 107 116 116 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 36 30 72 57 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 8 10 22 15 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 61 67 93 87 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 95 93 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.1 3.2 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 90 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 39 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 47 65 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 17 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 88 92 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 45 67 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 210 110 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 41 88 40 80 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 49 50 46 48 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 51 50 54 52 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 50 48 52 49 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 6.3 11.3 11.1 12.1 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 6 65 10 48 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 23 15 22 22 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 71 20 68 30 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 33 34 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 59 .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 10 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 41 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 39 84 39 78 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 29 71 28 57 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 4.1 13.3 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 6.2 4.4 2.9 2.9 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 8.6 10.5 11.2 5.2 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 10 18 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 101 Hong Kong SAR, China High income Population (millions) 7.0 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 231.7 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 32,900 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 937 937 Life expectancy at birth (years) 80 75 86 80 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 104 105 105 103 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 77 73 83 81 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 16 23 58 56 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 93 92 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.3 1.0 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 4 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 86 80 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 47 80 52 69 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 95 85 94 85 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 5 15 6 16 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 4 7 5 10 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 2.0 0.2 1.0 0.1 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 1 1 0 0 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 33 39 4 19 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 66 60 96 80 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 41 49 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 69 59 Maternity leave (weeks) 10 .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 67 .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 29 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 47 78 50 65 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 53 55 37 33 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 1.3 1.3 4.3 6.0 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 3.3 3.6 10.3 15.1 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. .. 102 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Hungary High income Population (millions) 10.0 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 129.9 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 12,990 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 943 943 Life expectancy at birth (years) 74 65 78 70 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 90 91 99 100 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 87 87 98 99 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 15 14 72 53 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 90 89 95 95 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 99 99 99 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.8 1.3 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 15 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 81 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 23 13 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 46 65 43 59 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 89 81 91 85 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 11 16 9 15 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 7 8 6 8 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 1.8 0.7 0.5 0.4 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 15 21 3 6 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 30 43 19 41 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 55 36 78 52 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 49 48 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 65 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 70 77 Maternity leave (weeks) 24 24 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 70 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 37 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 42 56 38 53 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 35 42 16 19 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 8.7 11.0 9.7 10.3 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 19.8 20.9 42.8 42.4 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 15.0 22.0 24.2 28.2 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 21 9 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 103 Iceland High income Population (millions) 0.32 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 10.8 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 33,870 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 962 950 Life expectancy at birth (years) 78 75 83 80 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 102 101 98 98 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 98 101 110 107 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 29 22 99 51 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 97 99 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.3 2.2 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 13 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 8 5 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 74 84 72 83 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 88 73 93 83 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 12 27 7 17 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 9 17 6 11 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 3.0 2.1 0.8 0.5 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 5 14 2 7 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 18 33 9 28 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 77 52 88 63 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 53 49 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 82 70 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 75 Maternity leave (weeks) 8 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 80 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 29 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 72 82 68 76 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 64 66 70 63 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 2.9 2.3 5.7 8.6 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 11.5 1.3 6.7 7.0 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 3.9 5.8 12.0 19.9 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 21 43 104 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender South Asia India Lower middle income Population (millions) 1,170.9 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 1,566.6 $1.25 a day (%) 41.6 GNI per capita ($) 1,340 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 929 926 Life expectancy at birth (years) 58 58 66 63 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 42 29 12 9 Female-headed households (%) 9 14 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 79 106 111 115 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 27 47 56 64 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 4 8 11 16 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 52 76 94 95 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 49 74 74 88 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.0 2.7 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 82 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 54 47 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 43 54 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 17 13 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 49 75 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 34 53 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 570 230 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 34 84 33 81 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 11 18 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 89 82 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 89 81 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 38.2 13.1 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 71 49 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 14 21 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 15 30 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 13 18 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 33 81 31 78 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 28 63 22 57 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 4.2 4.2 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 3.9 3.6 5.1 4.1 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 8.0 8.4 10.8 10.4 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 5 11 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 105 Indonesia East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Population (millions) 232.5 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 599.1 $1.25 a day (%) 18.7 GNI per capita ($) 2,580 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 63 60 73 69 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 35 36 12 13 Female-headed households (%) 13 13 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 116 121 119 123 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 44 52 79 80 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 8 12 23 24 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 110 109 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 95 97 99 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.1 2.1 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 44 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 34 22 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 50 57 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 14 9 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 76 93 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 32 75 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 620 240 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 50 81 52 86 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 32 34 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 68 66 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 67 62 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 32.4 8.1 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 56 56 39 40 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 12 15 15 21 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 31 30 46 39 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 29 32 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 22 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 48 79 48 80 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 37 55 33 51 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 2.7 2.8 8.5 7.5 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 8.9 9.0 23.0 21.6 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 12 18 106 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Middle East & North Africa Iran, Islamic Rep. Upper middle income Population (millions) 73.9 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 330.4 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 4,530 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 66 64 73 70 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 99 112 102 103 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 43 60 81 85 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 3 8 38 35 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 78 89 101 101 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 81 92 99 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.8 1.8 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 28 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 49 79 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 98 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 97 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 150 30 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 22 80 32 73 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 47 54 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 53 46 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 52 40 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 29.7 4.8 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 31 19 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 27 33 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 42 47 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 11 16 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 76 .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 13 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 67 67 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 16 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 18 72 27 67 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 15 49 23 42 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 24.4 9.5 16.8 9.1 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 33.9 20.2 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 2 3 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 107 Iraq Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Population (millions) 32.3 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 74.9 $1.25 a day (%) 4.0 GNI per capita ($) 2,320 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 939 939 Life expectancy at birth (years) 72 58 72 65 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 7 6 Female-headed households (%) .. 11 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 97 115 94 111 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 35 54 44 59 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 9 14 12 19 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 52 63 54 73 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 80 85 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.0 3.9 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 93 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 17 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 14 50 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 84 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 54 80 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 93 75 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 11 73 14 69 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 51 17 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 4 22 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 46 61 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 12 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 8 9 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 8 60 10 58 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 3 38 3 31 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 11.3 17.9 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 22.5 16.2 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 11 25 108 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender IrelandHigh income Population (millions) 4.5 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 182.5 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 40,990 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 935 935 Life expectancy at birth (years) 77 72 82 77 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 103 102 105 104 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 104 95 121 115 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 26 29 66 55 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 103 103 97 96 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.1 2.1 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 14 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 65 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 6 3 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 35 71 54 73 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 89 68 93 74 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 12 32 8 26 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 10 25 5 18 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 3.5 2.0 0.9 0.7 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 4 21 1 8 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 18 33 9 31 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 77 46 89 60 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 42 49 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 70 77 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 69 .. Maternity leave (weeks) 14 18 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 70 70 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 31 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 30 60 50 62 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 35 40 41 39 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 14.9 13.7 8.0 14.7 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 56.8 71.1 21.7 32.1 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 18.2 20.9 17.3 30.9 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 8 15 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 109 Isle of Man High income Population (millions) 0.08 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 4.0 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 49,300 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 80 74 .. .. Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.8 .. Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. .. Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 1 3 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 4 24 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 95 73 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 71 Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 3.3 4.7 2.0 2.8 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 5.9 9.0 5.1 9.5 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. .. 110 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Israel High income Population (millions) 7.6 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 207.2 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 27,340 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 949 950 Life expectancy at birth (years) 78 75 84 80 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 97 94 112 110 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 93 88 90 88 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 32 33 71 54 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 103 101 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.8 3.0 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 14 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 68 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 99 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 12 7 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 42 64 52 63 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 92 83 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 8 17 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 5 9 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0.3 0.1 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 2 5 1 3 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 15 36 10 30 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 82 58 89 67 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 43 49 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 73 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 75 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 30 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 37 58 48 58 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 26 32 34 30 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 11.3 8.4 7.6 7.6 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. 25.0 32.3 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 23.4 21.0 13.9 15.7 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 7 19 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 111 Italy High income Population (millions) 60.6 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 2,125.8 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 35,090 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 941 941 Life expectancy at birth (years) 80 74 84 79 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 98 98 103 104 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 79 79 100 101 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 29 30 79 56 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 99 99 104 104 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.3 1.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 6 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 10 5 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 35 66 38 61 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 76 70 82 71 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 24 31 19 29 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 24 29 15 21 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 7.4 2.2 2.2 1.1 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 9 9 3 4 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 23 37 15 39 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 68 55 82 57 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 36 44 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 71 78 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 21 20 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 80 80 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 33 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 30 62 35 56 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 28 39 18 28 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 15.7 6.4 9.3 6.8 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 70.7 68.6 46.9 42.0 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 37.8 26.2 28.7 23.3 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 13 21 112 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Latin America & Caribbean Jamaica Upper middle income Population (millions) 2.7 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 12.9 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 4,750 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 73 69 75 69 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 6 5 Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 103 103 92 95 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 72 68 93 89 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 33 15 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 98 92 90 88 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 98 92 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.9 2.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 74 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 9 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 55 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 98 91 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 79 95 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 66 89 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 65 80 56 74 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 61 52 67 55 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 38 47 33 45 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 37 46 31 41 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 4.5 2.1 2.1 0.4 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 16 36 10 28 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 12 25 7 24 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 72 39 83 48 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 47 48 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 59 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 52 73 48 67 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 29 51 24 37 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 8.3 11.3 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 23.1 9.3 14.8 8.5 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 27.8 21.4 .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 46.9 19.1 33.1 22.5 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 5 13 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 113 Japan High income Population (millions) 127.4 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 5,369.1 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 42,150 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 947 947 Life expectancy at birth (years) 82 76 86 80 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 99 99 102 102 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 97 95 101 101 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 23 35 55 62 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 101 100 102 102 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.5 1.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 5 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 58 54 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 100 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 12 6 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 50 77 48 72 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 72 81 87 86 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 27 19 12 13 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 26 15 11 10 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 16.7 2.5 6.9 1.1 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 9 6 4 4 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 27 39 17 35 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 64 55 78 60 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 38 42 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 70 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 41 60 Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 60 60 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 10 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 50 76 46 68 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 43 42 40 39 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 2.2 2.0 4.7 5.3 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 8.8 26.2 18.8 34.8 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 4.1 4.5 8.0 10.1 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 1 11 114 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Middle East & North Africa Jordan Upper middle income Population (millions) 6.1 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 26.5 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 4,350 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 69 65 75 71 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 6 6 7 3 Female-headed households (%) .. 11 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 105 106 97 97 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 82 78 90 87 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 24 19 43 39 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 98 97 99 99 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 99 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.5 3.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 25 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 16 10 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 40 59 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 22 11 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 80 99 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 87 99 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 110 59 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 15 71 23 74 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 95 81 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 5 19 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 3 11 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0.5 0.5 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 4 7 2 3 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 8 18 10 21 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 87 75 88 75 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 11 16 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 57 61 Maternity leave (weeks) 6 10 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 50 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 11 60 18 67 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 2 31 5 32 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 30.0 18.1 24.1 10.3 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 45.9 22.6 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 0 11 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 115 Kazakhstan Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Population (millions) 16.3 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 121.4 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 7,440 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 939 939 Life expectancy at birth (years) 73 64 74 64 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 4 5 Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 118 118 109a 109a Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 96 94 97a 100a Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 40 32 47a 32a Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 103 103 108a 107a Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 100 100 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.7 2.6 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 28 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 7 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 51 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 100 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 78 45 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 62 78 66 76 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 65 68 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 35 33 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 34 30 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0.9 0.6 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 29 31 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 12 26 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 59 43 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 50 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 70 Maternity leave (weeks) .. 18 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 38 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 56 72 61 72 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 41 50 41 47 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 2.8 4.4 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 7.5 5.6 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 8.2 6.8 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 18 116 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Sub-Saharan Africa Kenya Low income Population (millions) 40.9 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 31.8 $1.25 a day (%) 19.7 GNI per capita ($) 780 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 62 58 55 54 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 33 35 25 27 Female-headed households (%) 33 .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 99 102 111 114 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 36 45 56 62 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 2 3 5 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 89 91 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 94 92 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.0 4.9 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 99 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 32 26 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 27 46 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 36 .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 77 92 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 50 44 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 380 530 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 75 90 76 88 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 68 55 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 2 11 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 30 35 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 21 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 73 .. Maternity leave (weeks) 8 8 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 67 81 69 80 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 58 68 57 64 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 1 10 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 117 Kiribati East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Population (millions) 0.10 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 0.20 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 2,010 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 59 55 63 59 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 116 114 119 114 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 36 39 89 81 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 102 100 118 118 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.0 3.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. .. Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 22 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 88 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 72 63 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 39 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 25 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 0 4 118 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender East Asia & Pacific Korea, Dem. Rep. Low income Population (millions) 24.0 Population living below GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) .. 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 74 67 70 65 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.4 1.9 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 1 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 62 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 270 250 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 55 80 55 78 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 41 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 54 77 52 72 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 43 53 35 43 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 21 15 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 119 Korea, Rep. High income Population (millions) 48.9 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 972.3 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 19,890 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 896 911 Life expectancy at birth (years) 76 67 84 77 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 107 105 103 105 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 90 95 95 99 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 23 49 82 117 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 100 99 101 102 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.6 1.3 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 4 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 79 80 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 98 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 18 18 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 47 73 50 72 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 57 63 70 68 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 43 37 30 32 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 27 23 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 24.5 2.5 12.5 1.2 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 20 16 8 7 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 30 39 15 32 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 50 45 77 61 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 38 42 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 59 59 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 50 57 Maternity leave (weeks) .. 13 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 8 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 46 72 49 69 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 40 33 29 22 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 1.8 2.9 3.0 4.1 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 0.9 3.3 0.3 0.6 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 5.5 9.5 8.5 11.9 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 2 16 120 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Europe & Central Asia Kosovo Lower middle income Population (millions) 1.8 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 6.0 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 3,300 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 70 66 72 68 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.9 2.3 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. .. Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 56.4 40.7 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. 79.8 82.8 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. .. The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 121 Kuwait High income Population (millions) 2.9 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 117.0 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 43,920 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 77 73 80 76 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 91 92 94 96 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 81 85 91 89 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 16 9 27 12 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 56 58 93 94 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 99 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.5 2.2 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 14 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 35 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 10 9 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 36 82 45 83 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 100 97 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 1 3 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0 3 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0.0 0.0 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 0 2 0 4 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 2 33 2 27 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 98 65 97 69 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 10 10 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 36 81 44 81 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 21 38 21 36 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 2.6 1.7 1.8 2.0 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 10.0 11.8 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 8 122 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Europe & Central Asia Kyrgyz Republic Low income Population (millions) 5.4 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 4.7 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 880 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 948 944 Life expectancy at birth (years) 73 64 72 62 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 4 8 Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 111 109 95 95 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 102 103 85 84 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 26 20 58 44 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 95 94 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.7 2.8 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 34 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 10 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 48 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 1 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 97 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 98 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 77 81 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 58 74 55 79 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 52 50 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 48 50 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 47 47 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 19.3 8.8 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 35 37 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 11 26 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 54 37 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 51 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. 18 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 35 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 52 68 50 73 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 37 44 31 51 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 4.6 5.8 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 9.4 7.3 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 16.2 13.6 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 23 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 123 Lao PDR East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Population (millions) 6.4 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 6.5 $1.25 a day (%) 33.9 GNI per capita ($) 1,000 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 56 53 67 64 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 89 112 106 117 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 19 28 39 48 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 2 12 15 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 36 46 71 78 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 79 89 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.0 3.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 35 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 19 38 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 35 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 20 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,200 580 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 80 83 78 79 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 64.2 26.4 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 50 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 70 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 79 81 77 78 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 80 64 70 54 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 1.4 1.3 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 6 25 124 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Europe & Central Asia Latvia Upper middle income Population (millions) 2.2 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 26.1 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 11,620 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 953 957 Life expectancy at birth (years) 75 64 78 68 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 98 91 97 100 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 93 92 93 92 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 29 20 87 48 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 90 96 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 100 100 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.0 1.3 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 16 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 57 20 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 63 77 54 70 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 92 86 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 9 14 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 7 9 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 1.3 1.6 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 6 12 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 16 35 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 78 54 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 52 53 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 59 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 77 Maternity leave (weeks) .. 16 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 41 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 54 65 47 56 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 40 45 26 31 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 14.0 20.4 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. 26.0 27.1 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 27.9 38.3 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 20 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 125 Lebanon Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Population (millions) 4.3 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 38.4 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 9,020 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 71 66 74 70 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 96 99 102 104 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 62 59 87 78 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 27 29 57 48 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 87 83 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 99 98 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.1 1.8 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 16 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 58 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 96 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 98 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 52 26 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 20 72 22 72 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 82 56 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 18 44 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 16 32 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 5.9 4.0 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 5 7 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 17 67 20 66 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 15 38 14 32 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 10.1 8.6 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 21.5 22.3 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 0 3 126 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Sub-Saharan Africa Lesotho Lower middle income Population (millions) 2.1 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 2.2 $1.25 a day (%) 43.4 GNI per capita ($) 1,080 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 61 57 46 45 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 19 22 Female-headed households (%) .. 37 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 119 98 104 105 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 29 20 52 38 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 1 4 3 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 75 41 79 59 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 98 86 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.9 3.3 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 68 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 23 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 23 47 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 31 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 91 92 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 50 62 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 370 530 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 68 83 71 78 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 38 62 .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 23 18 .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 48 33 .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 25.9 15.2 .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 0 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 52 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 39 60 48 62 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 29 49 34 50 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 7.8 11.1 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 24 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 127 Liberia Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Population (millions) 4.1 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 0.78 $1.25 a day (%) 83.7 GNI per capita ($) 190 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 948 948 Life expectancy at birth (years) 50 47 60 57 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 93 89 64 62 Female-headed households (%) .. 30 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 86 96 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 4 .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 53 63 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 54 66 81 70 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.5 5.8 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 135 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 48 38 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 6 11 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 36 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 83 79 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 58 46 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,100 990 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 65 78 67 76 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 8 25 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 92 73 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 90 71 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 56.2 38.9 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 49 47 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 1 4 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 13 17 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 62 72 64 71 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 57 59 56 56 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 37.1 37.8 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 4.2 6.8 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 3.7 5.7 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 13 128 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Middle East & North Africa Libya Upper middle income Population (millions) 6.5 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 77.1 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 12,020 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 947 944 Life expectancy at birth (years) 70 66 77 72 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 105 112 108 113 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 68 79 101 86 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 14 17 .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 96 99 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.8 2.6 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 3 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 100 64 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 15 75 25 79 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 7 7 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 50 50 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 13 69 21 73 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 13 41 13 43 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 8 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 129 Liechtenstein High income Population (millions) 0.04 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 4.9 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 136,540 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. .. Life expectancy at birth (years) .. .. 85 81 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 110 108 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 98 112 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 22 47 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 101 114 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) .. 1.7 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. .. Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 39 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 8 .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 80 .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 4 24 130 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Europe & Central Asia Lithuania Upper middle income Population (millions) 3.3 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 37.8 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 11,400 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 949 956 Life expectancy at birth (years) 76 66 79 68 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 89 95 96 98 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 83 86 99 99 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 27 39 96 63 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 94 98 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 100 100 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.0 1.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 18 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 34 13 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 59 74 50 62 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 90 85 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 10 15 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 8 11 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 2.1 1.4 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 7 12 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 18 37 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 75 51 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 55 53 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 60 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 71 Maternity leave (weeks) .. 18 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 40 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 50 62 45 52 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 34 38 17 20 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 10.4 17.1 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. 26.8 21.0 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 21.7 35.2 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 19 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 131 Luxembourg High income Population (millions) 0.51 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 40.3 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 79,510 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 941 941 Life expectancy at birth (years) 79 72 83 78 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 94 87 101 100 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 70 68 98 95 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 3 11 9 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 85 83 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.6 1.6 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 9 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 6 17 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 34 68 48 63 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 90 89 93 90 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 11 11 7 10 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 9 8 6 6 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 4.1 0.5 1.1 0.5 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 3 3 1 2 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 8 42 4 18 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 89 55 87 71 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 43 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 87 81 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 62 73 Maternity leave (weeks) 14 16 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 35 68 45 61 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 48 54 21 25 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 2.4 1.2 6.1 4.4 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 33.3 60.0 26.1 19.9 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 4.7 2.7 17.8 16.7 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 13 20 132 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Macao SAR, China High income Population (millions) 0.55 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 21.3 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 39,520 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 79 74 83 79 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 98 104 97 102 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 64 58 90 94 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 18 46 60 66 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 97 97 95 102 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.8 1.0 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 4 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 45 72 64 76 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 95 90 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 5 10 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 3 6 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 1.4 0.2 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 0 0 0 0 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 50 37 12 27 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 49 63 88 73 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 43 48 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 48 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 67 48 Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 44 70 62 73 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 45 46 41 37 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 4.0 2.5 2.8 4.3 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 3.3 4.0 5.4 9.8 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. .. The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 133 Macedonia, FYR Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Population (millions) 2.1 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 9.3 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 4,520 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 926 926 Life expectancy at birth (years) 73 69 77 72 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 1 2 Female-headed households (%) .. 8 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 100 101 89 89 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 76 77 82 84 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 19 19 44 37 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 92 91 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 99 99 99 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.1 1.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 20 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 4 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 14 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 34 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 94 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 16 9 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 46 68 43 65 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 75 70 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 25 30 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 22 24 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 16.6 6.3 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 20 20 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 28 33 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 52 47 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 38 42 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 47 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 27 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 31 47 29 45 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 16 22 11 17 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 8.6 14.8 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 33.0 31.7 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. 80.6 82.2 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 58.5 52.8 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 31 134 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Sub-Saharan Africa Madagascar Low income Population (millions) 20.1 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 8.8 $1.25 a day (%) 67.8 GNI per capita ($) 440 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 984 974 Life expectancy at birth (years) 52 50 62 59 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 82 85 31 30 Female-headed households (%) 22 22 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 99 104 158 162 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 18 19 31 32 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 3 4 3 4 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 38 36 79 79 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 64 66 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.3 4.6 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 130 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 37 39 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 17 40 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 32 24 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 78 86 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 57 44 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 710 440 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 83 89 84 89 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 11 15 11 16 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 87 84 89 84 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 87 83 .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 41.6 24.3 73.0 32.1 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 81 80 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 2 6 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 17 15 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 31 38 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 50 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 22 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 80 86 81 87 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 70 72 71 72 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 24.2 27.7 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 3.5 1.7 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 2.8 1.7 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 7 13 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 135 Malawi Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Population (millions) 14.9 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 4.9 $1.25 a day (%) 73.9 GNI per capita ($) 330 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 50 48 55 53 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 114 126 54 52 Female-headed households (%) 25 25 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 65 75 121 118 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 12 21 28 31 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 0 1 0 1 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 24 32 60 58 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 49 70 86 87 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 7.0 5.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 114 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 55 50 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 13 41 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 36 28 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 90 92 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 55 54 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 910 510 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 76 80 75 79 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 4 29 .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 96 71 .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 96 71 .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0.4 0.3 .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 11 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. 8 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 69 75 68 74 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 50 45 48 44 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 39.4 41.3 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 10.0 5.4 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 10 21 136 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender East Asia & Pacific Malaysia Upper middle income Population (millions) 27.9 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 220.4 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 7,900 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 943 943 Life expectancy at birth (years) 72 68 77 72 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 92 93 94 95 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 58 54 71 66 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 7 8 41 32 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 90 90 97 97 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 95 96 99 98 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.7 2.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 12 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 50 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 79 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 99 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 56 31 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 43 80 44 79 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 71 64 79 72 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 27 34 21 28 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 25 31 20 23 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 8.1 2.4 8.1 2.6 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 25 26 9 17 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 28 27 23 32 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 47 46 68 51 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 35 39 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 50 .. Maternity leave (weeks) 8 9 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 23 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 42 78 43 76 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 38 55 35 47 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 3.7 3.2 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 11.8 10.3 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 5 10 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 137 Maldives South Asia Upper middle income Population (millions) 0.31 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 1.3 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 4,270 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 934 942 Life expectancy at birth (years) 60 61 74 70 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 5 5 Female-headed households (%) .. 35 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 125 126 108 114 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 52 50 86 81 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 0 0 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 112 127 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 98 98 99 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.1 2.0 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 11 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 29 35 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 28 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 100 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 90 97 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 510 37 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 30 74 57 77 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 37 49 45 61 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 58 47 54 29 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 57 44 47 20 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 6.6 4.0 22.9 7.9 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 14 28 7 14 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 39 18 32 20 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 43 50 56 62 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 16 30 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 24 70 45 73 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 17 47 37 53 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 23.8 7.9 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 30.5 15.5 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 6 7 138 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Sub-Saharan Africa Mali Low income Population (millions) 15.4 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 9.1 $1.25 a day (%) 51.4 GNI per capita ($) 600 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 43 43 50 48 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 174 166 114 117 Female-headed households (%) .. 12 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 21 35 89a 105a Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 4 9 34a 49a Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 0 1 3 9 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 7 12 56a 72a Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 31 47 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.7 6.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 179 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 79 71 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 5 8 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 31 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 31 70 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 49 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,200 830 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 37 68 38 67 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 2 5 4 12 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 26 33 107 77 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 98 94 93 82 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 72.0 61.5 34.1 18.5 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 64 68 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 3 8 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 33 24 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 35 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 35 62 35 60 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 30 46 29 42 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 21.6 24.2 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 10.9 7.2 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 10 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 139 Malta High income Population (millions) 0.42 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 7.6 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 18,350 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 943 943 Life expectancy at birth (years) 78 73 82 78 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 106 110 99 98 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 80 85 99 101 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 9 12 38 26 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 101 103 99 102 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 99 97 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.1 1.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 15 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 86 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 98 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 14 8 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 23 73 32 68 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 93 83 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 7 17 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 6 11 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0.2 0.0 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0 2 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 12 31 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 87 66 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 28 35 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 70 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 85 Maternity leave (weeks) 13 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 18 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 21 68 29 63 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 52 57 43 48 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 6.8 7.0 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. 36.0 50.2 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 15.4 17.6 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 3 9 140 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender East Asia & Pacific Marshall Islands Lower middle income Population (millions) 0.06 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 0.19 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 2,990 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 75 70 .. .. Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 90 91 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 80 76 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 94 93 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.9 4.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. .. Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 26 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 37 45 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 8 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 81 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 86 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 13.2 12.2 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 3 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 141 Mauritania Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Population (millions) 3.4 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 3.6 $1.25 a day (%) 21.2 GNI per capita ($) 1,060 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 57 54 59 55 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 44 53 Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 41 54 108 101 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 9 18 23 26 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 5 2 5 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 22 36 66 63 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 64 71 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.9 4.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 76 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 35 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 4 9 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 25 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 48 75 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 40 61 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 780 550 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 53 82 59 81 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 36 54 41 53 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 23 28 21 24 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 35.8 21.9 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 22 142 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Sub-Saharan Africa Mauritius Upper middle income Population (millions) 1.3 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 9.9 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 7,740 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 960 960 Life expectancy at birth (years) 73 66 76 69 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 112 111 100 100 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 52 52 88 86 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 2 4 29 23 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 114 114 90 89 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 92 91 98 96 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.3 1.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 34 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 75 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 91 99 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 72 36 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 38 81 41 75 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 91 82 84 78 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 9 18 16 22 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 7 13 15 17 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 3.1 1.5 4.4 0.9 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 14 18 8 10 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 50 40 25 35 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 35 42 67 55 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 37 37 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 44 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 15 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 32 75 36 72 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 26 55 26 38 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 3.6 3.2 12.3 4.4 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 26.2 18.1 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 7 19 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 143 Mayotte Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Population (millions) 0.20 Population living below GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) .. 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 79 70 80 72 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.4 3.0 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 101 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. .. 144 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Latin America & Caribbean Mexico Upper middle income Population (millions) 108.5 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 1,012.3 $1.25 a day (%) 3.4 GNI per capita ($) 9,330 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 74 68 78 73 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 17 15 .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 111 116 116 117 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 54 55 93 87 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 12 15 28 28 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 92 91 104 104 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 95 96 98 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.4 2.1 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 69 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 28 23 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 63 73 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 78 94 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 69 93 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 93 85 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 34 84 43 81 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 80 65 65 66 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 16 32 35 34 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 15 29 32 27 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 1.2 2.9 9.7 4.8 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 3 29 4 19 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 21 30 18 30 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 70 39 77 50 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 37 39 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 55 65 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 50 70 Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 27 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 33 82 41 76 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 33 68 30 54 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 7.6 16.5 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 4.2 2.5 4.8 5.4 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. 2.1 1.8 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 5.8 5.2 10.6 9.7 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 12 26 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 145 Micronesia, Fed. Sts. East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Population (millions) 0.11 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 0.30 $1.25 a day (%) 31.2 GNI per capita ($) 2,700 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 935 935 Life expectancy at birth (years) 67 66 70 68 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 111 110 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 86 80 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.0 3.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 23 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 23 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 0 146 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Europe & Central Asia Moldova Lower middle income Population (millions) 3.6e Population living below GNI ($ billions) 6.5e $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 1,810e 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 943 943 Life expectancy at birth (years) 71 64 72 65 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 4 7 Female-headed households (%) .. 34 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 89 90 93 94 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 98 90 90 88 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 45 32 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 91 94 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 100 100 100 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.4 1.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 32 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 19 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 68 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 7 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 98 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 62 32 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 61 74 47 53 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 71 65 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 29 35 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 28 34 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 3.5 1.3 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 28 34 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 14 26 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 58 41 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 54 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. 18 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 39 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 55 64 44 49 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 38 38 17 18 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 4.9 7.8 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 14.9 15.8 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 19 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 147 Monaco High income Population (millions) 0.03 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 6.5 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 197,460 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. .. Life expectancy at birth (years) .. .. .. .. Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 125 131 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 154 153 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 131 133 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) .. .. Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. .. Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 11 26 148 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender East Asia & Pacific Mongolia Lower middle income Population (millions) 2.7 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 5.1 $1.25 a day (%) 22.4 GNI per capita ($) 1,890 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 63 59 70 64 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 10 11 Female-headed households (%) .. 29 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 98 96 110 110 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 88 77 95 89 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 64 41 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 92 94 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 97 95 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.2 2.0 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 20 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 4 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 57 55 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 14 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 100 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 99 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 130 65 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 63 77 68 78 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 37 42 34 39 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 20 22 16 21 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 44 37 51 40 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 49 51 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 77 Maternity leave (weeks) 14 17 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 70 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 49 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 54 65 56 64 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 40 50 33 44 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 8.6 11.4 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 3.6 3.0 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 25 4 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 149 Montenegro Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Population (millions) 0.63 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 4.2 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 6,690 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 926 926 Life expectancy at birth (years) 78 73 77 72 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 105a 107a Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 103a 102a Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.9 1.6 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 17 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 5 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 39 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 26 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 97 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 99 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 15 15 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 85 77 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 15 23 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 2.6 1.9 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 1 2 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 12 32 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 86 66 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 39 43 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 35.5 26.2 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 11 150 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Middle East & North Africa Morocco Lower middle income Population (millions) 32.4 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 94.1f $1.25 a day (%) 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 2,850 f 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 947 944 Life expectancy at birth (years) 66 62 74 69 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 24 21 11 9 Female-headed households (%) 16 17 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 54 81 103 112 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 31 44 51 60 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 8 14 12 14 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 42 61 77 84 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 46 71 72 87 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.0 2.3 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 13 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 18 16 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 42 63 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 20 10 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 32 68 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 31 63 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 270 110 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 25 81 26 80 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 53 48 34 48 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 47 53 66 52 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 45 48 65 47 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 29.3 16.8 48.6 15.0 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 3 4 59 34 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 50 32 15 24 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 47 64 25 42 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 21 21 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 12 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 21 71 24 73 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 22 55 18 50 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 20.4 14.2 10.5 9.8 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 31.6 30.9 19.4 22.8 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 0 11 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 151 Mozambique Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Population (millions) 23.4 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 10.3 $1.25 a day (%) 60.0 GNI per capita ($) 440 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 45 42 49 47 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 54 72 110a 122a Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 5 9 23a 28a Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 0 1 1 2 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 21 32 55a 66a Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 64 78 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.2 5.0 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 139 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 52 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 16 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 89 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 55 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,000 550 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 85 88 85 87 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 11 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 8 9 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 80 82 79 81 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 70 64 68 60 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 16 39 152 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender East Asia & Pacific Myanmar Low income Population (millions) 50.5 Population living below GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) .. 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 61 57 64 60 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 92 98 115 117 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 20 21 54 53 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 5 4 12 9 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 100 98 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 95 96 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.4 2.3 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 15 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 17 41 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 80 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 64 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 420 240 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 71 89 63 85 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 41 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 89 Maternity leave (weeks) .. 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 67 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 68 86 61 82 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 63 76 34 57 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 8.8 4.7 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 4 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 153 Namibia Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Population (millions) 2.2 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 10.3 $1.25 a day (%) 49.1 GNI per capita ($) 4,650 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 64 60 62 61 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 34 30 19 24 Female-headed households (%) 31 44 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 123 113 111 113 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 42 34 70 60 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 4 2 10 8 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 81 67 91 83 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 90 86 95 91 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.2 3.3 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 66 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 12 9 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 29 55 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 22 7 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 87 95 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 68 81 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 180 180 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 48 64 52 63 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 43 65 80 82 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 55 33 33 24 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 54 32 28 17 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 31.5 14.5 1.1 0.9 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 52 45 8 23 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 8 21 9 24 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 40 34 83 53 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 41 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 80 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 36 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 38 53 39 50 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 21 27 14 18 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 19.0 20.0 43.0 32.5 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 33.8 29.6 47.0 36.7 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 7 24 154 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender South Asia Nepal Low income Population (millions) 29.9 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 14.5 $1.25 a day (%) 55.1 GNI per capita ($) 490 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 54 54 68 66 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 18 21 Female-headed households (%) .. 23 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 82 136 .. .. Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 19 44 41 46 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 2 7 3 8 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 41 70 .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 33 68 77 87 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.2 2.8 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 97 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 51 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 24 48 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 25 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 15 44 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 7 19 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 870 380 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 52 85 63 80 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 91 75 .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 1 4 .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 8 20 .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 7 7 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 14 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 52 83 62 79 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 51 67 55 58 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 6 33 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 155 Netherlands High income Population (millions) 16.6 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 826.5 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 49,720 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 945 945 Life expectancy at birth (years) 80 74 83 79 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 104 101 106 108 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 114 123 120 122 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 32 39 65 58 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.6 1.8 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 5 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 76 69 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 10 9 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 43 70 60 73 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 87 88 90 84 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 13 12 11 16 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 12 7 9 11 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 5.1 0.3 0.7 0.2 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 3 5 2 3 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 11 35 7 25 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 84 59 85 63 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 38 48 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 70 75 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 75 82 Maternity leave (weeks) 16 16 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 27 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 39 66 57 70 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 53 54 69 69 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 10.9 5.6 3.5 3.4 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 44.6 55.2 26.1 23.7 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 8.5 7.7 6.2 7.1 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 21 39 156 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender New Caledonia High income Population (millions) 0.25 Population living below GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) .. 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 73 68 81 72 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 99 99 100 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.2 2.2 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 20 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 47 74 44 70 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. .. The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 157 New Zealand High income Population (millions) 4.4 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 125.4 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 29,050 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 945 948 Life expectancy at birth (years) 78 73 82 78 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 105 107 102 101 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 90 90 129 124 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 41 38 99 68 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.2 2.1 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 26 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 95 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 95 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 18 14 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 54 74 62 76 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 87 75 87 79 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 13 25 13 21 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 10 15 9 15 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 1.9 0.7 1.3 0.7 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 8 13 4 9 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 14 33 10 31 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 78 54 86 61 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 44 48 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 77 72 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 74 82 Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 0 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 40 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 49 66 58 71 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 53 56 51 56 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 7.3 8.1 6.1 6.1 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 16.1 25.6 6.4 6.3 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 13.2 14.8 17.2 16.0 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 14 34 158 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Latin America & Caribbean Nicaragua Lower middle income Population (millions) 5.8 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 6.3 $1.25 a day (%) 15.8 GNI per capita ($) 1,080 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 67 61 77 70 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 90 84 116 118 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 41 25 72 64 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 8 7 .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 55 41 78 71 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 89 85 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.8 2.7 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 110 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 41 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 49 72 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 8 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 72 90 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 74 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 190 100 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 39 85 47 78 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 51 57 53 49 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 49 43 47 51 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 47 40 45 45 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 3.6 5.4 8.7 13.0 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 8 42 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 19 21 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 72 37 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 38 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 53 .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 60 60 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 41 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 37 79 45 73 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 31 68 31 59 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 3.9 16.2 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 14.7 9.0 5.1 4.9 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 14.9 11.0 9.7 8.1 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 15 21 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 159 Niger Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Population (millions) 15.9 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 5.7 $1.25 a day (%) 43.1 GNI per capita ($) 360 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 42 41 53 51 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 232 212 135 138 Female-headed households (%) 10 19 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 19 32 60a 73a Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 3 9 11a 16a Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 0 2 1a 2a Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 11 20 35a 46a Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 23 52 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 7.9 7.1 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 202 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 83 75 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 4 11 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 19 16 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 30 46 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 15 33 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,400 820 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 27 91 39 88 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 4 6 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 90 84 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 89 83 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 2.8 3.3 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 38 64 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 18 8 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 43 27 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 36 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 50 50 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 27 86 38 83 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 28 74 34 71 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 45.0 49.2 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 5 13 160 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Sub-Saharan Africa Nigeria Lower middle income Population (millions) 158.3 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 186.4 $1.25 a day (%) 64.4 GNI per capita ($) 1,180 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 944 944 Life expectancy at birth (years) 46 43 49 48 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 102 118 93 91 Female-headed households (%) 14 .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 73 95 84 95 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 21 28 27 34 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 2 5 8 12 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 74 84 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 62 81 65 78 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.6 5.6 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 116 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 52 39 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 6 15 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 21 .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 57 58 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 33 39 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,100 840 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 36 76 39 73 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 38 51 39 49 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 4 9 11 12 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 57 38 48 37 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 21 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 50 50 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 34 70 37 69 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 17 39 17 36 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 4.4 3.7 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 22.3 11.5 .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 4 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 161 Northern Mariana Islands High income Population (millions) 0.09 Population living below GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) .. 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. .. Life expectancy at birth (years) .. .. .. .. Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) .. .. Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. .. Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 0 4 .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 40 47 .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 58 49 .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 44 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 5.8 7.3 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. .. 162 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Norway High income Population (millions) 4.9 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 416.9 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 85,380 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 945 947 Life expectancy at birth (years) 80 73 83 79 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 100 100 99 99 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 103 99 109 112 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 42 35 92 56 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 96 95 99 100 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.9 2.0 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 8 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 74 88 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 100 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 9 7 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 57 73 63 71 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 93 85 95 89 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 7 15 5 11 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 4 8 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 2.6 1.6 0.3 0.2 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 4 8 1 4 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 11 35 7 32 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 85 56 92 64 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 47 49 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 83 71 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 86 89 Maternity leave (weeks) 18 47 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 90 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 33 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 54 66 61 68 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 48 50 55 51 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 4.8 5.6 2.6 3.6 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 22.5 19.0 8.0 7.5 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 11.0 12.4 8.0 10.3 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 36 40 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 163 Oman High income Population (millions) 2.9 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 49.8 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 17,890 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 71 68 78 75 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 79 86 83 85 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 33 45 89 93 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 4 4 .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 62 67 79 80 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 98 98 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.6 3.0 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 9 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 9 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 88 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 87 99 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 49 20 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 19 80 25 77 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 91 85 .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 6 14 .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 5 10 .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 7 8 .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 86 81 .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 19 22 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 9 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 16 76 21 72 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 14 40 16 40 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 0 164 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender South Asia Pakistan Lower middle income Population (millions) 173.4 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 182.5 $1.25 a day (%) 22.6 GNI per capita ($) 1,050 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 61 60 67 67 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 37 22 22 14 Female-headed households (%) 7 10 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 32 62 77 92 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 12 28 29 37 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 2 4 5 6 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 54 68 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 61 79 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.1 3.9 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 30 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 32 24 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 15 27 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 32 25 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 27 61 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 19 39 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 490 260 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 14 85 22 85 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 22 40 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 78 61 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 78 59 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 65.0 19.7 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 72 48 75 37 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 14 21 12 22 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 14 31 13 41 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 8 13 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 3 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 12 81 20 81 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 11 65 17 68 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 0.7 2.8 8.7 4.0 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 1.3 5.7 10.5 7.0 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 10 22 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 165 Palau East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Population (millions) 0.02 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 0.13 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 6,460 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 75 63 72 66 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 103 100 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 95 97 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.8 .. Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. .. Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 21 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 100 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 99 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 40 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 0 166 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Latin America & Caribbean Panama Upper middle income Population (millions) 3.5 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 24.5 $1.25 a day (%) 9.5 GNI per capita ($) 6,990 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 75 70 79 73 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 104 109 107 111 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 63 59 76 70 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 25 18 55 36 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 86 86 101 102 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 95 95 96 97 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.0 2.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 80 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 86 92 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 86 71 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 39 79 48 81 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 80 53 73 67 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 20 47 27 33 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 19 44 25 29 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 3.3 7.7 4.4 2.5 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 3 38 4 20 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 11 16 9 26 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 87 46 87 55 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 43 42 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 45 47 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 95 Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 45 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 30 69 44 76 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 20 47 26 54 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 5.4 12.1 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 22.6 12.8 7.9 4.6 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 26.6 20.9 .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 28.8 18.5 21.1 11.7 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 8 9 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 167 Papua New Guinea East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Population (millions) 6.9 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 8.9 $1.25 a day (%) 35.8 GNI per capita ($) 1,300 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 926 926 Life expectancy at birth (years) 58 52 64 59 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 59 71 50 59 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 8 14 .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 2 .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 43 54 .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 70 65 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.8 4.0 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 65 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 21 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 36 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 79 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 53 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 340 250 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 71 74 72 74 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 20 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 6 6 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 0 0 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 69 72 69 73 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 58 57 57 56 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 5.9 9.0 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 0 1 168 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Latin America & Caribbean Paraguay Lower middle income Population (millions) 6.5 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 19.0 $1.25 a day (%) 5.1 GNI per capita ($) 2,940 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 70 66 74 70 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 12 10 .. .. Female-headed households (%) 17 .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 102 106 98 101 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 31 30 68 65 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 8 9 43 30 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 65 65 95 92 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 95 96 99 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.5 3.0 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 70 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 24 18 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 48 79 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 15 .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 84 96 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 66 82 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 130 95 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 47 87 57 87 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 67 69 49 51 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 33 31 51 49 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 31 17 48 42 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0.1 0.4 11.0 10.4 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 1 3 19 31 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 15 36 10 25 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 84 61 71 44 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 41 40 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 57 .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 66 .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 50 50 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 44 82 52 82 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 34 69 38 67 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 7.7 22.6 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 6.3 6.7 7.5 4.4 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 16.5 15.0 16.8 8.7 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 6 13 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 169 Peru Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Population (millions) 29.5 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 139.0 $1.25 a day (%) 5.9 GNI per capita ($) 4,710 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 68 63 76 71 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 31 29 4 13 Female-headed households (%) 15 22 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 116 119 109 109 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 65 69 89 89 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 36 33 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 101 101 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 94 97 97 98 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.8 2.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 52 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 18 19 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 59 73 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 16 8 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 64 94 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 80 83 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 250 98 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 49 75 58 76 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 53 63 49 59 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 47 37 50 41 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 46 30 47 34 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 9.2 2.8 8.7 4.5 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 1 2 6 10 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 20 32 13 28 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 80 66 82 62 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 38 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 13 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 28 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 41 69 54 70 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 29 43 39 41 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 39.5 44.8 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 11.5 6.5 8.3 5.4 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 19.7 12.6 15.6 12.5 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 6 22 170 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender East Asia & Pacific Philippines Lower middle income Population (millions) 93.6 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 192.2 $1.25 a day (%) 22.6 GNI per capita ($) 2,050 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 943 943 Life expectancy at birth (years) 68 63 74 70 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 25 28 9 10 Female-headed households (%) 14 19 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 108 110 109 111 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 72 70 86 79 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 30 21 32 26 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 86 85 97 91 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 97 96 98 97 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.3 3.0 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 51 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 14 14 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 36 51 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 26 22 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 83 91 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 53 62 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 180 94 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 48 83 49 79 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 51 53 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 49 47 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 46 42 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 17.4 9.0 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 31 53 24 42 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 13 16 10 18 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 56 31 66 40 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 40 42 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 75 91 Maternity leave (weeks) 14 9 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 58 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 42 76 46 73 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 31 53 28 44 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 9.8 7.1 7.4 7.5 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 19.2 13.1 19.3 16.2 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 9 22 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 171 Poland High income Population (millions) 38.2 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 474.0 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 12,420 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 943 943 Life expectancy at birth (years) 76 67 80 72 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 97 100 97 97 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 90 86 99 99 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 24 16 84 59 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 95 95 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 100 100 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.0 1.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 14 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 73 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 99 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 17 6 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 55 72 46 62 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 71 69 80 75 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 29 31 20 25 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 28 28 17 20 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 7.8 5.5 5.7 2.5 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 24 24 13 13 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 21 41 17 43 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 55 35 70 44 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 47 47 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 68 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 16 16 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 35 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 47 62 42 57 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 27 36 24 31 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 14.7 12.2 8.7 7.8 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 36.0 33.3 27.3 23.3 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 30.1 25.9 21.2 20.2 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 14 20 172 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Portugal High income Population (millions) 10.6 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 232.6 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 21,860 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 943 943 Life expectancy at birth (years) 77 70 82 76 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 119 124 111 114 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 59 59 109 105 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 26 20 67 56 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 106 101 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 99 99 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.4 1.3 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 15 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 87 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 98 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 15 7 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 49 73 56 69 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 70 72 79 74 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 30 28 21 26 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 28 22 18 18 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 4.0 2.0 1.1 0.6 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 21 16 12 11 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 26 41 16 39 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 53 44 72 50 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 43 48 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 70 68 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 69 69 Maternity leave (weeks) 12 17 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 33 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 48 71 51 63 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 45 60 29 36 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 6.8 3.2 10.1 8.9 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 49.4 38.2 47.5 40.8 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 12.8 7.1 21.6 18.6 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 8 27 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 173 Puerto Rico High income Population (millions) 4.0 Population living below GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) .. 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 950 950 Life expectancy at birth (years) 79 71 83 75 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 91 91 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 86 83 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 95 61 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 94 92 88 87 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.2 1.7 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 53 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 29 18 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 31 61 36 58 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 92 80 92 80 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 8 20 8 20 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 2.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 0 6 1 2 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 21 27 10 25 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 79 68 90 73 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 47 42 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 27 50 31 48 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 13 29 21 27 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 11.0 17.6 11.6 14.9 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 27.6 33.3 22.0 28.6 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. .. 174 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Qatar High income Population (millions) 1.5 Population living below GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) .. 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 947 961 Life expectancy at birth (years) 72 68 77 75 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 103 111 105 107 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 87 80 106 72 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 41 12 30 5 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 72 67 106 109 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 91 89 98 98 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.4 2.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 16 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 32 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 94 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 15 8 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 40 94 50 93 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 100 99 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0 1 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0 1 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0.0 0.0 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0 3 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 5 58 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 95 39 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 13 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 142 Maternity leave (weeks) 8 7 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 35 94 48 93 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 15 68 28 72 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 2.6 0.2 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 7.5 0.7 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 0 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 175 Romania Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Population (millions) 21.4 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 168.2 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 7,840 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 943 941 Life expectancy at birth (years) 73 67 77 70 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 95 96 99 100 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 100 103 93 94 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 8 9 77 58 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 96 96 96 96 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 99 99 98 97 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.8 1.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 31 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 57 70 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 94 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 99 99 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 170 27 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 60 73 45 60 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 68 81 68 67 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 32 19 33 33 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 33 21 32 31 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 5.6 3.5 19.2 6.1 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 34 25 31 28 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 37 49 22 37 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 29 26 47 36 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 42 46 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 60 49 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 74 Maternity leave (weeks) 16 18 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 85 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 30 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 56 68 43 55 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 33 41 19 27 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 8.7 7.7 5.8 7.7 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 51.0 39.6 30.6 32.2 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 23.4 21.5 20.2 21.2 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 34 11 176 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Europe & Central Asia Russian Federation Upper middle income Population (millions) 141.8 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 1,404.2 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 9,910 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 947 944 Life expectancy at birth (years) 74 64 75 63 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 107 107 97 97 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 96 94 84 86 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 58 47 89 66 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 93 92 .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 100 100 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.9 1.6 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 27 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 63 80 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 74 39 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 60 76 58 69 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 94 90 93 92 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 6 10 7 8 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 1 1 5 6 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 7 11 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 19 38 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 74 51 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 51 51 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 67 62 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 20 20 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 39 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 52 65 53 64 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 34 36 31 36 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 5.2 5.2 7.9 8.4 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 14.5 9.9 38.4 33.3 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 12.9 13.0 19.1 17.7 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 14 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 177 Rwanda Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Population (millions) 10.3 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 5.5 $1.25 a day (%) 76.8 GNI per capita ($) 540 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 990 990 Life expectancy at birth (years) 35 31 52 49 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 73 87 55 69 Female-headed households (%) 21 34 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 76 77 151 150 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 16 19 26 27 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 0 1 4 6 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 48 50 56 52 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 75 75 77 77 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.8 5.3 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 37 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 15 13 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 21 36 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 39 38 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 94 96 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 26 52 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,100 540 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 87 89 87 85 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 96 83 .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 1 5 .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 3 11 .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 33 67 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 86 88 86 84 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 79 79 77 72 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 7.0 8.0 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 0.2 0.6 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 0.7 1.4 .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 17 56 178 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender East Asia & Pacific Samoa Lower middle income Population (millions) 0.18 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 0.52 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 2,930 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 926 926 Life expectancy at birth (years) 68 62 75 69 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 117 115 99 101 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 81 72 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 90 97 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 99 99 100 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.8 3.9 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 27 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 29 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 76 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 40 76 38 75 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 0 4 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 179 San Marino High income Population (millions) 0.03 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 1.6 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 50,670 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. .. Life expectancy at birth (years) .. .. 86 80 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 94 92 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 97 94 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 93 90 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) .. 1.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. .. Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 93 89 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 7 11 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0.0 0.0 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 3 2 0 0 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 32 52 21 48 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 66 46 79 52 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 40 42 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. 20 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 9.0 2.0 4.5 1.2 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 12 17 180 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender São Tomé and Príncipe Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Population (millions) 0.17 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 0.20 $1.25 a day (%) 28.6 GNI per capita ($) 1,200 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 64 61 68 64 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 130 142 130a 131a Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 33 36 52a 50a Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 4a 4a Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 69 76 89a 81a Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 92 96 96 95 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.4 3.7 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 62 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 33 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 38 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 98 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 82 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 37 78 45 76 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 69 72 .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 30 26 .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 30 26 .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0.7 0.8 .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 35 42 .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 3 19 .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 59 36 .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 32 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 10 10 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 24.5 11.0 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 13.5 5.8 .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 12 18 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 181 Saudi Arabia High income Population (millions) 26.0 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 436.6 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 17,200 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 70 66 74 73 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 4 3 Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 97 101 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 90 104 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 10 11 36 29 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 89 87 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 81 94 97 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.8 3.0 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 16 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 24 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 96 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 41 24 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 15 80 21 80 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0 5 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 2 23 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 98 72 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 15 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 10 10 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 50 75 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 9 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 13 76 18 76 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 4 39 5 36 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 15.9 3.5 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 45.8 23.6 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 0 182 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Sub-Saharan Africa Senegal Lower middle income Population (millions) 12.9 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 13.5 $1.25 a day (%) 33.5 GNI per capita ($) 1,050 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 967 967 Life expectancy at birth (years) 53 51 57 54 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 80 96 39 43 Female-headed households (%) 16 20 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 46 64 85 82 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 10 20 27 34 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 6 10 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 32 51 57 56 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 28 49 56 74 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.7 4.7 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 99 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 48 39 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 7 12 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 29 32 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 74 94 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 47 52 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 750 410 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 62 90 65 89 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 8 14 .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 91 78 .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 91 77 .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 32.4 25.3 .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 33 34 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 5 20 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 42 33 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 57 78 60 76 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 49 70 48 67 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 12.6 24.4 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 13.6 7.9 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 20.1 11.9 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 13 23 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 183 Serbia Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Population (millions) 7.3 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 42.4 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 5,820 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 926 926 Life expectancy at birth (years) 74 69 76 71 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 3 4 Female-headed households (%) .. 29 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 97 98 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 93 90 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 56 44 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 96 97 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.8 1.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 21 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 6 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 41 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 29 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 98 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 99 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 13 8 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 68 65 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 32 35 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 29 30 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 15.6 4.1 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 23 25 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 16 32 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 61 43 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 39 44 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 6.6 7.2 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 18.4 15.3 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. 72.1 70.1 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 41.3 31.0 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 22 184 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Sub-Saharan Africa Seychelles Upper middle income Population (millions) 0.09 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 0.84 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 9,490 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 74 67 79 68 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 107 105 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 108 103 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 104 106 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 98 97 99 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.8 2.3 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. .. Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 86 79 .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 6 15 .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 49 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 12.5 8.6 4.9 6.1 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 28.1 18.0 .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 16 24 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 185 Sierra Leone Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Population (millions) 5.8 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 2.0 $1.25 a day (%) 53.4 GNI per capita ($) 340 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 982 982 Life expectancy at birth (years) 42 38 49 47 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 61 67 Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 41 62 .. .. Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 11 22 .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 75 101 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 48 68 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.5 5.2 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 128 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 48 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 3 8 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 87 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 42 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,300 970 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 66 68 65 68 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 4 11 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 96 89 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 21.6 14.8 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 71 66 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 3 10 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 26 23 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 23 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 64 65 64 64 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 47 35 47 35 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 14.9 14.9 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 2.3 4.5 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 3.5 7.3 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 13 186 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Singapore High income Population (millions) 5.1 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 210.3 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 40,920 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 932 932 Life expectancy at birth (years) 77 72 84 79 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 99 99 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.9 1.2 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 6 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 65 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 6 9 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 51 79 54 76 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 92 83 3 7 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 8 17 97 94 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 6 10 7 12 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 2.1 0.4 1.0 0.3 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 0 1 1 2 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 34 40 17 26 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 66 59 83 73 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 43 46 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 55 65 Maternity leave (weeks) 8 8 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 31 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 50 79 50 72 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 55 57 31 34 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 1.8 2.0 6.5 5.4 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 2.9 2.8 16.6 9.8 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 5 22 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 187 Sint Maarten (Dutch part) High income Population (millions) 0.04 Population living below GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) .. 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. .. Life expectancy at birth (years) .. .. .. .. Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) .. .. Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. .. Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. .. 188 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Slovak Republic High income Population (millions) 5.4 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 88.1 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 16,220 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 75 67 79 71 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 100 101 102 102 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 90 86 92 92 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 16 16 69 43 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 96 95 98 97 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.1 1.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 19 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 74 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 15 6 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 59 72 51 69 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 97 91 90 80 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 3 9 10 20 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 3 6 8 16 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.1 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 7 13 2 5 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 29 48 22 50 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 64 39 76 45 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 47 48 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 72 59 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. 28 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 55 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 28 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 52 65 45 61 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 45 47 21 27 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 11.8 12.5 12.9 11.4 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 43.5 41.7 54.4 47.8 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 26.5 28.0 26.5 27.9 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 16 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 189 Slovenia High income Population (millions) 2.1 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 49.3 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 23,860 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 949 949 Life expectancy at birth (years) 77 69 82 76 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 96 96 98 99 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 92 88 97 97 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 27 22 104 72 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 96 96 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 100 100 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.5 1.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 5 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 98 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 100 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 11 18 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 47 59 53 65 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 88 82 87 81 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 12 18 13 19 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 10 14 11 14 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 4.6 2.0 6.9 4.3 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 10 11 9 9 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 36 52 22 43 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 54 37 69 48 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 48 47 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 53 57 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. 15 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 33 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 44 57 50 62 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 27 30 30 40 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 6.0 8.1 5.8 5.9 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 50.0 57.1 32.1 28.3 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 19.1 25.1 13.4 13.8 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 14 190 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender East Asia & Pacific Solomon Islands Lower middle income Population (millions) 0.54 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 0.55 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 1,030 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 917 917 Life expectancy at birth (years) 57 56 68 66 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 80 93 106 109 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 11 17 32 38 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 46 58 .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.9 3.8 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 68 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 22 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 35 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 11 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 74 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 85 70 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 130 100 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 24 47 24 50 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 25 25 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 22 45 23 48 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 21 33 23 36 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 0 0 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 191 Somalia Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Population (millions) 9.4 Population living below GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) .. 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 46 43 52 49 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 54 53 Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 9 18 23 42 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 7 13 5 11 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 4 .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.6 6.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 69 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 45 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 1 15 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 26 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 26 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 33 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,100 1,200 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 58 84 57 85 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 22 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 50 50 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 55 78 53 79 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 46 63 46 62 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 41.5 45.5 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 4 7 192 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Sub-Saharan Africa South Africa Upper middle income Population (millions) 50.0 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 304.6 $1.25 a day (%) 17.4 GNI per capita ($) 6,100 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 65 58 53 50 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 106 107 99 103 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 71 61 96 92 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 11 13 .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 80 72 94 93 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 98 97 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.7 2.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 56 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 57 60 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 230 410 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 36 62 47 63 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 85 84 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 15 16 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 12 8 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 1.4 0.4 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 4 6 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 13 35 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 83 59 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 44 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. 16 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 60 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 26 48 35 49 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 12 19 13 19 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 23.5 17.2 25.9 22.0 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 52.5 44.6 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 3 45 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 193 Spain High income Population (millions) 46.2 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 1,462.9 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 31,650 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 940 940 Life expectancy at birth (years) 81 73 85 79 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 106 108 107 108 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 105 99 124 118 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 37 34 82 66 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 103 104 103 103 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 100 100 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.3 1.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 12 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 66 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 7 6 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 34 67 49 69 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 73 74 87 80 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 27 26 13 20 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 25 21 9 13 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 10.5 3.0 1.2 0.7 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 10 13 3 6 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 17 41 10 36 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 73 47 88 59 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 32 45 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 79 79 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 16 16 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 75 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 32 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 26 59 40 56 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 25 39 28 32 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 24.5 11.6 18.4 17.7 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 61.5 45.6 34.4 26.9 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 39.7 23.2 36.4 39.1 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 15 37 194 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender South Asia Sri Lanka Lower middle income Population (millions) 20.5 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 46.7 $1.25 a day (%) 7.0 GNI per capita ($) 2,290 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 962 962 Life expectancy at birth (years) 73 66 78 71 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 10 10 .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 109 114 97 97 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 74 69 88 86 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 2 4 .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 98 98 98 97 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 99 97 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.5 2.3 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 23 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 14 12 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 66 68 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 80 99 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 94 99 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 91 39 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 37 79 34 75 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 66 58 55 59 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 34 42 45 41 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 34 40 44 38 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 18.7 6.7 22.3 4.5 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 43 37 37 30 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 22 19 25 25 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 32 38 27 27 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 31 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 90 93 Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 21 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 28 70 31 72 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 16 40 21 45 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 21.6 9.7 8.1 7.2 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 27.9 17.1 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 5 6 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 195 St. Kitts and Nevis Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Population (millions) 0.05 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 0.50 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 9,980 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 69 65 .. .. Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 106 110 97 95 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 87 85 100 93 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 7 6 25 12 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 105 132 97 94 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.7 .. Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. .. Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 54 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 100 100 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 84 81 .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 14 17 .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 12 12 .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 1.3 0.7 .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. 13 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 60 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 7 7 196 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Latin America & Caribbean St. Lucia Upper middle income Population (millions) 0.17 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 0.86 $1.25 a day (%) 20.9 GNI per capita ($) 4,970 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 73 69 76 70 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 136 143 95 98 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 60 40 97 95 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 3 3 23 9 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 123 124 93 99 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.3 2.0 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 59 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 47 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 100 99 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 41 74 51 76 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 74 57 .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 25 39 .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 21 25 .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 4.1 1.7 .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 15 30 10 19 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 19 24 10 21 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 64 43 73 49 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 52 48 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 13 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 60 65 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 7.0 6.6 25.0 17.5 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 15.2 14.6 45.5 37.1 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 0 11 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 197 St. Martin (French part) High income Population (millions) 0.03 Population living below GNI ($ billions) $1.25 a day (%) GNI per capita ($) 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. .. Life expectancy at birth (years) .. .. .. .. Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) .. .. Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. .. Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. .. 198 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender St. Vincent & Grenadines Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Population (millions) 0.11 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 0.53 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 4,850 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 72 67 74 70 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 113 114 103 111 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 67 54 111 107 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 9 4 .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 105 114 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.0 2.1 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 57 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 58 48 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 100 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 99 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 44 81 56 79 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 79 71 .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 21 29 .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 17 22 .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 2.7 2.1 .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 14 31 .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 11 27 .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 75 42 .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. 13 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 65 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 21.4 18.3 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 43.2 31.9 .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 10 17 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 199 Sudan Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Population (millions) 43.6 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 55.3 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 1,270 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 949 949 Life expectancy at birth (years) 54 51 60 57 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 63 62 30 38 Female-headed households (%) .. 19 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 41 53 70 78 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 18 22 36 40 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 2 3 .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 47 53 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 83 89 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.0 4.1 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 58 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 27 34 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 9 8 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 6 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 70 64 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 69 49 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 830 750 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 27 79 31 74 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 22 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. 8 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 23 72 26 69 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 17 48 18 33 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 26 200 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Latin America & Caribbean Suriname Upper middle income Population (millions) 0.52 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 3.1 $1.25 a day (%) 15.5 GNI per capita ($) 5,920 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 926 926 Life expectancy at birth (years) 71 64 73 66 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 120 110 111 116 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 64 50 85 66 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 11 9 .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 94 79 95 81 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 99 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.7 2.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 38 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 19 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 48 46 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 90 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 91 90 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 84 100 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 36 68 39 66 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 2 5 5 10 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 8 27 8 31 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 87 65 82 55 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 41 38 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 68 .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 29 60 31 60 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 14 33 8 27 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 20.1 12.6 13.7 7.0 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 46.5 29.0 .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 8 10 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 201 Swaziland Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Population (millions) 1.2 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 3.1 $1.25 a day (%) 62.9 GNI per capita ($) 2,600 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 63 58 46 47 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 30 32 Female-headed households (%) .. 48 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 94 94 104 112 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 50 56 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 3 5 4 4 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 66 59 69 75 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 84 83 95 92 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.7 3.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 77 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 5 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 20 51 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 24 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 85 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 56 69 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 260 420 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 45 81 53 75 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 35 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 73 .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 0 0 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 34 65 40 60 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 29 40 26 35 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 4 14 202 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Sweden High income Population (millions) 9.4 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 469.0 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 49,930 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 944 944 Life expectancy at birth (years) 80 75 83 79 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 100 99 96 97 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 92 88 102 103 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 33 28 88 56 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 96 97 95 94 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.1 1.9 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 6 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 100 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 7 5 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 63 72 61 69 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 95 87 94 85 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 5 13 6 15 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 5 9 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 2 5 1 3 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 14 43 8 31 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 84 52 91 65 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 51 50 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 81 64 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 89 90 Maternity leave (weeks) 12 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 90 80 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 32 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 61 69 56 63 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 60 59 40 39 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 1.8 1.9 8.0 8.6 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 11.8 12.3 12.4 13.1 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 4.5 4.8 23.7 26.3 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 38 45 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 203 Switzerland High income Population (millions) 7.8 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 548.0 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 70,350 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 951 951 Life expectancy at birth (years) 81 74 84 80 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 89 88 103 104 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 94 101 94 98 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 18 34 52 51 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 52 52 98 94 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.6 1.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 4 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 8 10 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 57 81 61 74 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 86 84 87 83 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 14 16 13 17 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 11 8 10 9 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 6.4 1.7 2.7 1.7 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 4 5 2 4 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 18 41 10 30 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 78 54 81 61 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 43 48 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 82 81 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 68 77 Maternity leave (weeks) 8 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 80 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 31 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 56 81 58 71 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 69 69 60 63 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 2.6 1.7 4.5 3.7 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 17.8 15.9 33.6 26.4 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 3.2 3.1 8.7 7.7 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 14 29 204 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Syrian Arab Republic Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Population (millions) 21.6 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 57.0 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 2,640 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 70 66 76 73 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 3 5 Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 95 106 120 125 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 43 59 74 75 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 14 22 .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 83 94 111 113 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 93 96 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.5 3.1 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 40 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 13 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 40 58 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 11 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 51 84 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 77 93 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 120 46 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 18 81 21 80 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 69 52 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 31 49 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 29 39 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 19.0 7.4 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 54 23 26 18 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 8 28 8 32 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 38 49 66 50 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 15 16 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 7 7 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 70 70 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 15 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 16 78 16 76 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 16 60 12 54 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 4.3 8.8 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 14.0 5.2 25.7 5.2 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 49.1 13.1 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 9 12 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 205 Tajikistan Europe & Central Asia Low income Population (millions) 7.1 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 5.5 $1.25 a day (%) 21.5 GNI per capita ($) 780 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 66 60 70 64 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 13 18 Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 90 92 100 104 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 78 90 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 12 28 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 93 97 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 100 100 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.2 3.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 27 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 13 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 37 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 24 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 80 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 88 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 120 64 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 59 80 57 78 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 75 42 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 5 27 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 20 31 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 37 37 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. 20 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 50 69 50 68 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 46 54 43 55 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 9.1 8.7 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 19 206 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Sub-Saharan Africa Tanzania Low income Population (millions) 45.0 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 23.4g $1.25 a day (%) 67.9 GNI per capita ($) 530g 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 53 49 57 56 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 57 63 52 56 Female-headed households (%) 19 25 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 69 70 105 105 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 4 6 24 31 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 0 1 1 2 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 47 48 102 102 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 78 86 76 78 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.2 5.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 130 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 37 38 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 10 34a Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 28 22 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 62 76 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 53 43 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 880 790 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 87 91 86 91 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 6 15 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 94 85 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 93 82 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 13.0 9.7 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 78 71 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 3 7 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 19 22 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 31 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 49 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 72 78 76 81 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 62 63 69 70 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 27.1 35.0 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 4.3 2.8 5.8 2.8 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 10.1 7.4 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 36 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 207 Thailand East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Population (millions) 68.1 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 286.7 $1.25 a day (%) 10.8 GNI per capita ($) 4,210 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 950 941 Life expectancy at birth (years) 73 66 72 66 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 12 11 .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. 30 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 100 102 90 92 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 30 28 80a 74a Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 21 18 51a 39a Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 98 98 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.1 1.8 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 41 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 21 20 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 74 72 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 98 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 69 97 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 50 48 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 75 87 66 81 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 26 31 43 46 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 74 69 57 54 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 74 67 55 50 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 56.1 27.0 28.5 13.6 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 65 63 39 44 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 12 16 18 21 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 23 21 43 35 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 42 45 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 64 .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 13 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 29 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 71 84 65 80 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 67 72 38 55 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 14.4 15.7 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 2.4 2.0 1.1 1.2 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 4.2 4.3 5.1 3.7 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 3 13 208 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender East Asia & Pacific Timor-LesteLower middle income Population (millions) 1.1 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 2.5 $1.25 a day (%) 37.4 GNI per capita ($) 2,220 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 47 45 63 61 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 109 116 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 55 55 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 13 18 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 79 80 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.3 6.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 60 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 25 22a Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 650 370 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 58 82 59 83 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 55 79 56 80 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 49 58 54 65 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 29 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 209 Togo Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Population (millions) 6.8 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 3.0 $1.25 a day (%) 38.7 GNI per capita ($) 440 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 982 982 Life expectancy at birth (years) 60 56 65 61 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 90 75 43 55 Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 70 109 111 119 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 11 31 28 54 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 4 .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 22 48 52 71 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 68 85 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.3 4.2 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 61 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 44 24 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 34 17 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 41 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 43 84 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 31 62 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 650 350 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 56 87 64 86 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 6 17 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 94 83 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 28.4 23.1 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 48 61 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 4 10 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 46 29 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 41 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. 14 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 53 81 60 80 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 47 65 46 61 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 37.4 39.8 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 5 11 210 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender East Asia & Pacific Tonga Lower middle income Population (millions) 0.10 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 0.35 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 3,380 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 71 68 75 69 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 108 110 110 113 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 97 97 105 101 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 8 5 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 119 136 108 102 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 100 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.6 3.9 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 21 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 24 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 92 98 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 42 76 55 75 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 0 4 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 211 Trinidad and Tobago High income Population (millions) 1.3 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 20.7 $1.25 a day (%) 4.2 GNI per capita ($) 15,380 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 963 963 Life expectancy at birth (years) 73 65 73 66 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 3 3 8 5 Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 96 94 102 106 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 86 84 92 86 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 6 7 13 10 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 105 99 93 93 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 99 99 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.4 1.6 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 33 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 34 8 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 53 43 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 27 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 98 96 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 98 98 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 86 55 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 39 76 55 78 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 77 73 83 76 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 23 26 16 23 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 21 22 13 17 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 6.5 2.5 1.7 0.3 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 6 15 2 5 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 14 34 15 44 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 80 51 82 51 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 36 44 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 38 .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 13 13 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 60 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 43 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 34 56 51 75 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 23 44 41 55 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 24.2 17.9 6.2 3.5 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 36.1 20.2 .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 42.5 33.1 12.9 8.8 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 17 29 212 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Middle East & North Africa Tunisia Upper middle income Population (millions) 10.5 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 42.8 $1.25 a day (%) 2.6 GNI per capita ($) 4,070 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 72 69 77 73 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 19 19 .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 105 119 107 109 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 38 50 94 87 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 6 10 42 27 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 75 85 92 88 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 96 98 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.5 2.1 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 5 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 10 .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 50 60 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 58 96 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 69 95 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 130 60 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 21 76 26 71 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 59 69 .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 41 30 .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 14 23 .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 21.8 5.7 .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 23 27 .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 44 31 .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 32 41 .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 23 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 4 4 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 67 67 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 17 64 21 61 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 19 38 15 29 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 21.7 14.7 17.3 13.1 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 30.4 31.0 29.3 31.4 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 4 28 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 213 Turkey Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Population (millions) 75.7 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 719.4 $1.25 a day (%) 2.7 GNI per capita ($) 9,500 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 67 62 75 70 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 14 13 6 6 Female-headed households (%) 10 .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 95 102 98 101 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 35 58 77 87 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 8 16 34 43 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 84 91 92 95 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 88 97 97 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.1 2.1 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 36 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 23 14 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 63 73 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 11 18 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 62 95 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 76 95 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 68 23 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 34 81 24 70 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 22 47 51 63 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 78 54 49 37 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 48 29 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 69.2 13.0 34.8 5.4 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 76 34 38 17 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 10 26 15 29 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 14 41 47 54 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 16 22 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 62 58 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 81 .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 16 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 67 67 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 8 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 32 74 21 60 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 36 60 17 39 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 1.8 3.3 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 8.5 7.8 14.3 13.9 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 51.2 45.0 32.2 22.6 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 15.0 16.6 25.0 25.4 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 1 14 214 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Europe & Central Asia Turkmenistan Lower middle income Population (millions) 5.2 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 19.2 $1.25 a day (%) 24.8 GNI per capita ($) 3,700 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 956 956 Life expectancy at birth (years) 66 59 69 61 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.3 2.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 18 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 7 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 48 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 99 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 91 77 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 58 72 62 74 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 50 63 56 66 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 34 42 36 43 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 26 17 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 215 Turks and Caicos Islands High income Population (millions) 0.03 Population living below GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) .. 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. .. Life expectancy at birth (years) .. .. .. .. Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 92 88 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 83 89 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 0 0 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 91 93 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) .. .. Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. .. Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 99 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 96 94 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 4 6 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 38 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. .. 216 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender East Asia & Pacific Tuvalu Lower middle income Population (millions) 0.01 Population living below GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) .. 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. .. Life expectancy at birth (years) .. .. .. .. Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 98 102 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 109 89 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) .. .. Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. .. Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 39 31 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 24 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 97 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 98 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 34 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 8 0 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 217 Uganda Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Population (millions) 33.8 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 16.6 $1.25 a day (%) 28.7 GNI per capita ($) 490 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 50 46 54 53 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 86 97 62 75 Female-headed households (%) .. 30 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 62 77 122 121 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 8 14 25 30 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 2 4 5 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 28 46 73 73 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 63 77 85a 90a Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 7.1 6.3 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 141 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 53 46 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 5 24 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 41 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 87 94 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 38 42 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 670 430 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 81 91 78 91 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 82 69 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 3 9 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 16 23 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 8 8 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 33 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 78 89 75 88 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 70 81 70 79 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 36.5 39.8 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 0.6 1.3 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 1.2 2.7 .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 12 35 218 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Europe & Central Asia Ukraine Lower middle income Population (millions) 45.8 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 137.9 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 3,010 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 945 943 Life expectancy at birth (years) 75 66 75 64 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 1 4 Female-headed households (%) .. 49 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 106 107 98 97 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 98 94 93 95 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 47 35 91 72 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 99 99 96 95 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.8 1.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 29 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 10 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 67 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 10 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 99 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 99 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 49 26 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 56 71 52 65 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 81 83 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 19 17 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0.3 0.4 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 47 55 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 71 Maternity leave (weeks) .. 18 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 38 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 52 65 48 59 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 36 37 30 38 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 16.6 18.0 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 6.1 6.6 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 14.4 15.2 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 8 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 219 United Arab Emirates High income Population (millions) 4.7 Population living below GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) .. 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 75 71 79 77 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 113 116 105 106 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 69 60 96 95 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 12 3 41 22 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 96 98 98 100 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 97 94 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.4 1.9 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 25 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 28 10 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 25 92 42 92 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 99 95 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 1 5 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0 1 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0.0 0.0 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0 5 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 7 28 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 92 66 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 20 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 6 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 10 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 25 90 36 90 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 15 61 21 51 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 12.0 2.0 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 21.8 7.9 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 0 23 220 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender United Kingdom High income Population (millions) 62.2 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 2,399.3 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 38,540 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 951 951 Life expectancy at birth (years) 79 73 82 78 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 106 105 106 106 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 85 82 100 98 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 26 27 69 50 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.8 2.0 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 30 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 70 84 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 10 12 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 52 74 55 70 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 92 81 91 82 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 8 19 9 18 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 6 13 7 14 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0.7 1.2 0.4 0.2 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 1 3 1 2 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 17 44 8 30 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 81 53 91 68 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 48 52 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 85 76 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 68 80 Maternity leave (weeks) 14 26 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 90 90 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 35 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 48 67 52 63 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 58 62 49 50 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 6.5 7.0 6.4 8.8 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 23.7 41.8 21.5 26.5 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 9.0 11.1 15.6 21.7 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 6 22 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 221 United States High income Population (millions) 309.7 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 14,600.8 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 47,140 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 953 953 Life expectancy at birth (years) 79 72 81 76 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 105 105 99 98 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 92 92 94 93 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 79 64 101 72 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 94 99 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.1 2.1 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 36 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 71 79 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 99 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 99 .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 12 24 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 57 76 58 72 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 93 90 94 92 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 7 11 6 8 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 1 4 1 2 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 15 36 9 30 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 84 60 90 68 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 47 48 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 68 67 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 0 0 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 42 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 53 70 54 64 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 53 59 46 47 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 5.5 5.7 8.1 10.3 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 3.7 7.0 16.1 16.4 Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 10.7 11.6 14.9 20.1 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 7 17 222 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Latin America & Caribbean Uruguay Upper middle income Population (millions) 3.4 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 35.6 $1.25 a day (%) <2 GNI per capita ($) 10,590 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 76 69 80 73 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 108 109 112 115 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 89 75 94 82 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 83 48 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 97 92 108 104 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 100 98 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.5 2.0 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 60 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 78 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 96 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 99 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 39 27 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 48 76 54 76 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 73 68 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 27 32 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 24 26 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 3.0 0.9 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 0 0 5 16 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 22 40 13 29 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 78 60 83 56 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 42 46 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 59 Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 40 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 41 70 49 72 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 35 58 33 49 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 10.9 6.9 9.7 5.3 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 27.4 20.7 25.4 16.1 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 6 15 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 223 Uzbekistan Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Population (millions) 28.2 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 36.1 $1.25 a day (%) 46.3 GNI per capita ($) 1,280 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 953 953 Life expectancy at birth (years) 70 64 71 65 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 7 11 Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 109 111 91 93 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 97 117 103 104 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 8 11 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 91 93 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 100 100 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.1 2.7 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 13 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 7 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 65 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 8 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 99 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 100 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 53 30 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 53 68 58 71 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 37 39 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. 18 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 47 59 52 63 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 29 38 34 43 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 4.9 5.3 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 22 224 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender East Asia & Pacific Vanuatu Lower middle income Population (millions) 0.24 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 0.66 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 2,760 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 935 935 Life expectancy at birth (years) 65 62 73 69 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 95 97 105 111 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 16 20 49 45 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 4 6 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 82 85 83 83 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 85 87 94 94 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.9 3.9 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 53 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 27 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 15 38 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 84 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 87 74 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 79 88 79 88 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 39 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 50 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 4 4 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 225 Venezuela, RB Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Population (millions) 28.8 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 334.1 $1.25 a day (%) 3.5 GNI per capita ($) 11,590 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 74 68 77 71 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 108 109 102 105 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 62 50 86 79 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 25 28 99 59 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 86 76 96 94 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 96 95 99 98 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.4 2.5 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 89 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 58 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 84 68 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 36 81 52 80 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 71 58 62 57 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 29 42 38 43 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 27 34 32 30 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 1.2 1.7 1.2 0.5 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 2 19 2 13 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 16 30 11 31 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 82 52 87 57 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 35 42 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) 66 .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 18 18 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 27 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 33 74 47 75 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 21 51 28 52 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 3.3 6.9 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 10.0 10.4 8.1 7.2 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 25.8 20.9 15.9 12.3 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 10 17 226 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender East Asia & Pacific Vietnam Lower middle income Population (millions) 88.4 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 96.9 $1.25 a day (%) 13.1 GNI per capita ($) 1,100 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 67 64 77 73 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 4 5 Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 100 107 .. .. Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 93 94 96 97 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.7 2.0 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 25 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 10 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 53 80 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 91 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 88 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 170 56 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 74 82 68 76 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 21 30 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 79 70 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 79 70 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 47.2 18.9 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 54 50 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 16 24 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 30 26 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 40 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. 20 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 22 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 72 80 66 74 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 75 74 49 51 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 21.6 21.0 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 2.4 1.9 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 4.9 4.4 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 18 24 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 227 Virgin Islands (U.S.) High income Population (millions) 0.11 Population living below GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) .. 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 943 943 Life expectancy at birth (years) 77 71 83 76 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. .. Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.6 1.8 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 26 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 44 80 49 72 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 48 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. .. Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. .. 228 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender West Bank and Gaza Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Population (millions) 4.2 Population living below GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) .. 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 70 67 75 72 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 3 3 Female-headed households (%) .. .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 79 79 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 90 84 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 52 40 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 81 82 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 99 99 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.4 4.9 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 51 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 19 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 50 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 99 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 99 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 11 66 17 68 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 67 66 Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 33 34 Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 31 26 Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 19.8 5.5 Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 28 10 Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 11 29 Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 60 60 Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 18 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 53 Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. .. Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 12 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 9 51 13 51 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 4 33 6 28 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 38.6 17.7 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 47.3 38.8 Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. .. The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 229 Yemen, Rep. Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Population (millions) 24.3 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 25.0 $1.25 a day (%) 17.5 GNI per capita ($) 1,060 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952 Life expectancy at birth (years) 55 54 65 62 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 47 41 11 10 Female-headed households (%) 12 .. Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 76 94 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 30 61 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 2 7 6 14 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 49 72 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 35 83 72 96 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 8.1 5.1 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 74 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 49 32 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 10 28 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 24 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 26 47 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 16 36 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 540 210 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 16 74 20 74 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 83 44 .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 2 14 .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 13 38 .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 6 6 Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 10 9 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 70 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 4 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 12 65 15 64 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 8 37 9 36 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 15.9 20.7 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 3.9 9.3 40.9 11.5 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 9.8 20.2 .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 4 0 230 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Sub-Saharan Africa Zambia Lower middle income Population (millions) 12.9 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 13.8 $1.25 a day (%) 64.3 GNI per capita ($) 1,070 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971 Life expectancy at birth (years) 53 49 47 46 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 85 91 55 66 Female-headed households (%) 16 24 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 95 104 112 113 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 15 26 44 53 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 3 .. .. Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 80 106 82 92 Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 66 67 67 82 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.5 5.7 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 143 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 43 42 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 15 41 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 31 27 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 92 94 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 51 47 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 390 470 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 61 79 60 79 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 15 39 .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 82 58 .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 81 56 .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 55.7 27.8 .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 56 47 .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 3 15 .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 18 22 .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 17 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 19 Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 52 61 53 68 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 35 41 40 49 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 33.3 35.4 Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 13.7 11.7 .. .. Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 21.0 20.7 .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 7 14 The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 231 Zimbabwe Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Population (millions) 12.6 Population living below GNI ($ billions) 5.8 $1.25 a day (%) .. GNI per capita ($) 460 1990 2009 Female Male Female Male Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 980 980 Life expectancy at birth (years) 64 57 46 45 Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 21 21 Female-headed households (%) 33 38 Education Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 100 101 103 104 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 44 50 39 43 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 4 8 3 4 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 91 96 .. .. Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 94 97 99 98 Family planning and maternal health Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.2 3.4 Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 60 Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 33 30 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 43 65 Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 13 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 91 93 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 70 60 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 390 790 Labor force and employment dynamics Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 67 80 60 74 Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 18 54 .. .. Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 82 47 .. .. Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 82 47 .. .. Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 20.5 16.4 .. .. Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. .. Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 15 .. Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) .. .. Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. .. Maternity leave (weeks) 12 13 Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 60 100 Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 64 75 58 71 Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 47 48 43 49 Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. .. Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 7.9 6.5 4.1 4.2 Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. .. Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 42.6 45.6 .. .. Women's political participation Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 11 15 232 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Notes a. Data are for 2010. b. Includes Taiwan, China. c. Data are for the area controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus. d. Excludes Abkhazia and South Ossetia. e. Excludes Transnistria. f. Includes Former Spanish Sahara. g. Covers mainland Tanzania only. The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 233 Glossary Adolescent fertility rate is the number of births per 1,000 women ages 15–19. (United Nations Population Division) Births attended by skilled health staff are the percentage of deliveries attended by personnel trained to give the necessary care to women during pregnancy, labor, and postpartum; to conduct deliveries on their own; and to care for newborns. (United Nations Children’s Fund and Macro International) Children in employment are children ages 7-14 who are involved in any economic activity for at least one hour in the reference week of the survey. (Understanding Children’s Work) Child mortality rate is the probability per 1,000 of dying between ages 1 and 5—that is, the probability of a 1-year-old dying before reaching age 5—if subject to current age-specific mortality rates. (Macro International) Contraceptive prevalence is the percentage of women married or in-union ages 15–49 who are practicing, or whose sexual partners are practicing, any form of contraception. (United Nations Children’s Fund and Macro International) Employment in agriculture is the proportion of employment in agriculture— division 1 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories A and B (ISIC revision 3) and includes hunting, forestry, and fishing—in total employment. (International Labour Organization) Employment in industry is the proportion of employment in industry—divi- sions 2–5 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories C–F (ISIC revision 3) and includes mining and quarrying (including oil production), manufactur- ing, construction, and public utilities (electricity, gas, and water)—in total employment. (International Labour Organization) Employment in service is the proportion of employment in service—divisions 6–9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories G–P (ISIC revision 3) and include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business ser- vices; and community, social, and personal service—in total employment. (International Labour Organization) Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population and ages 15-24 are generally considered the youth population. (International Labour Organization) Female headed household is the percentage of households with a female head. (Macro International) Female legislators, senior officials and managers refer to the share of legistlators, senior officials, and managers who are female. (OECD) 234 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Figures in italics are for years other than 2010. (World Bank) GNI per capita is gross national income (GNI) converted to U.S. dollars using the World Bank Atlas method divided by midyear population. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (com- pensation of employees and property income) from abroad. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies. The World Bank Atlas method is used to smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates. It averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country and the Euro zone, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Figures in italics are for years other than 2010. (World Bank) Gross primary enrollment ratio is the total enrollment in primary level, regard- less of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the primary education. (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics) Gross secondary enrollment ratio is the total enrollment in secondary level, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corre- sponds to the secondary education. (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics) Gross tertiary enrollment ratio is the total enrollment in tertiary level, regard- less of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the tertiary education. (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics) Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15 and older that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. (International Labour Organization) Life expectancy at birth is the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life. (World Bank staff estimates from various sources including census reports, the United Nations Population Division's World Population The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 235 Glossary Prospects, national statistical offices, household surveys conducted by national agencies, and Macro International) Long-term unemployment rate is the share of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer in the total unemployed. (International Labour Organization) Maternal leave benefits are percentage of the wage paid during the maternity leave. (United Nations) Maternal mortality ratio is the number of women who die from pregnancy- related causes during pregnancy and childbirth per 100,000 live births. (World Health Organization, United Nations Children’s Fund, United Nations Population Fund, and the World Bank) Maternity leave is a number of weeks that the benefits are provided. (United Nations) Population is the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship—except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Figures in italics are for years other than 2010. (World Bank staff estimates from various sources including census reports, the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects, national statistical offices, household surveys conducted by national agen- cies, and Macro International) Population below $1.25 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $1.25 a day at 2005 international prices. Data are the most recent esti- mate since 1990. Figures in italics are for years other than 2009. (World Bank) Pregnant women receiving prenatal care are the percentage of women attended to at least once during pregnancy by skilled health personnel for reasons related to pregnancy. (United Nations Children’s Fund and Macro International) Primary completion rate is the percentage of students completing the last year of primary school. It is calculated by dividing the total number of students in the last grade of primary school minus the number of repeaters in that grade by the total number of children of official completing age. (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics) Proportion of women in managerial positions is the share of women admin- istrators and managers as a percentage of all workers in public sector and industry. (United Nations) Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) refers to female to male wages and salaries in manufacturing. (International Labour Organization) Seats held by women in national parliament is the percentage of parliamen- tary seats in a single or lower chamber occupied by women. Data listed for 2009 are for 2011. (Inter-Parliamentary Union) 236 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender Sex ratio at birth is the ratio of female to male births. (United Nations Population Division) Self employed workers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or a few partners or in cooperative, hold the type of jobs defined as “self-employment jobs." (International Labour Organization) Total fertility rate is the number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with current age-specific fertility rates. (World Bank staff esti- mates from various sources including census reports, the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects, national statistical offices, household surveys conducted by national agencies, and Macro International) Unemployment rate is the share of labor force without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment may differ by country. (International Labour Organization) Unmet need for contraception is the percentage of fertile, married women of reproductive age who do not want to become pregnant and are not using contraception. (Macro International) Unpaid family workers are those who work without pay in a market-oriented establishment operated by a related person living in the same household. (International Labour Organization) Vulnerable employment is unpaid family workers and own-account workers as a percentage of total employment. (International Labour Organization) Women in wage employment in the nonagricultural sector is the share of female workers in the nonagricultural sector (industry and services), expressed as a percentage of total employment in the nonagricultural sector. Industry includes mining and quarrying (including oil production), manufac- turing, construction, electricity, gas, and water, corresponding to divisions 2-5 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories C-F (ISIC revision 3). Services include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal services, corresponding to divisions 6-9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories G-P (ISIC revision 3). (International Labour Organization) Women's share of part-time employment (% of total) is the female share of total part-time workers. Part-time worker is an employed person whose normal hours of work are less than those of comparable full-time workers. Definition of part-time varies across countries. (International Labour Organization) Women first married by age 18 is the percentage of women ages 20-24 who were first married by age 18. (United Nations Children’s Fund and Macro International) Wage and salaried workers are those workers who hold the type of jobs defined as “paid employment jobs,� where the incumbents hold explicit The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 237 Glossary (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts that give them a basic remuneration that is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work. (International Labour Organization) Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 to 24 that can, with understanding, both read and write a short, simple statement about their everyday life. (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics) Youth unemployment rate is the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment may differ by country. (International Labour Organization) 238 2011 The Little Data Book on Gender 1818 H Street N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433 USA Telephone: 202 473 1000 Fax: 202 477 6391 ISBN 978-0-8213-8881-5 Web site: data.worldbank.org SKU 18881 Email: data@worldbank.org AFGHANISTAN ALBANIA ALGERIA AMERICAN SAMOA ANDORRA ANGOLA ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA ARGENTINA ARMENIA ARUBA AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA AZERBAIJAN THE BAHAMAS BAHRAIN BANGLADESH BARBADOS BELARUS BELGIUM BELIZE BENIN BERMUDA BHUTAN BOLIVIA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BOTSWANA BRAZIL BRUNEI DARUSSALAM BULGARIA BURKINA FASO BURUNDI CAMBODIA CAMEROON CANADA CAPE VERDE CAYMAN ISLANDS CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CHAD CHANNEL ISLANDS CHILE CHINA COLOMBIA COMOROS DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO REPUBLIC OF CONGO COSTA RICA CÔTE D’IVOIRE CROATIA CUBA CYPRUS CZECH REPUBLIC DENMARK DJIBOUTI DOMINICA DOMINICAN REPUBLIC ECUADOR ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT EL SALVADOR EQUATORIAL GUINEA ERITREA ESTONIA ETHIOPIA FAEROE ISLANDS FIJI FINLAND FRANCE FRENCH POLYNESIA GABON THE GAMBIA GEORGIA GERMANY GHANA GREECE GREENLAND GRENADA GUAM GUATEMALA GUINEA GUINEA-BISSAU GUYANA HAITI HONDURAS HONG KONG SAR, CHINA HUNGARY ICELAND INDIA INDONESIA ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN IRAQ IRELAND ISLE OF MAN ISRAEL ITALY JAMAICA JAPAN JORDAN KAZAKHSTAN KENYA KIRIBATI DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF KOREA REPUBLIC OF KOREA KUWAIT KYRGYZ REPUBLIC LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC LATVIA LEBANON LESOTHO LIBERIA LIBYA LIECHTENSTEIN LITHUANIA LUXEMBOURG MACAO SAR, CHINA FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA MADAGASCAR MALAWI MALAYSIA MALDIVES MALI MALTA MARSHALL ISLANDS MAURITANIA MAURITIUS MAYOTTE MEXICO FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA MOLDOVA MONACO MONGOLIA MONTENEGRO MOROCCO MOZAMBIQUE MYANMAR NAMIBIA NEPAL NETHERLANDS NETHERLANDS ANTILLES NEW CALEDONIA NEW ZEALAND NICARAGUA NIGER NIGERIA NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS NORWAY OMAN PAKISTAN PALAU PANAMA PAPUA NEW GUINEA PARAGUAY PERU PHILIPPINES POLAND PORTUGAL PUERTO RICO QATAR ROMANIA RUSSIAN FEDERATION RWANDA SAMOA SAN MARINO SÃO TOMÉ AND PR�NCIPE SAUDI ARABIA SENEGAL SERBIA SEYCHELLES SIERRA LEONE SINGAPORE SLOVAK REPUBLIC SLOVENIA SOLOMON ISLANDS SOMALIA SOUTH AFRICA SPAIN SRI LANKA ST. KITTS AND NEVIS ST. LUCIA ST. VINCENT & GRENADINES SUDAN SURINAME SWAZILAND SWEDEN SWITZERLAND SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC TAJIKISTAN TANZANIA THAILAND TIMOR-LESTE TOGO TONGA TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO TUNISIA TURKEY TURKMENISTAN UGANDA UKRAINE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES URUGUAY UZBEKISTAN VANUATU REPÚBLICA BOLIVIARIANA DE VENEZUELA VIETNAM U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS WEST BANK AND GAZA REPUBLIC OF YEMEN ZAMBIA ZIMBABWE