LSMS GUIDEBOOK SECOND EDITION March 2021 December 2021 Capturing Capturing What Matters What Essential Guidelines for Designing Household Surveys Oseni, Amparo Gbemisola Oseni, Gbemisola Palacios-Lopez, Harriet Amparo Palacios-Lopez, Kasidi Mugera, Harriet Kasidi Mugera, and Josefine Durazo and Josefine Durazo LSMS GUIDEBOOK SECOND EDITION December 2021 Capturing What Matters Essential Guidelines for Designing Household Surveys Prepared by the World Bank Data Production and Methods Unit Main authors: Gbemisola Oseni, Amparo Palacios-Lopez, Harriet Kasidi Mugera, and Josefine Durazo ABOUT LSMS The Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS), a survey program housed within the World Bank’s Development Data Group, provides technical assistance to national statistical offices in the design and implementation of multi-topic household surveys. Since its inception in the early 1980s, the LSMS program has worked with dozens of national statistical offices around the world, generating high-quality data, developing innovative technologies and improved survey methodologies, and building technical capacity. The LSMS team also provides technical support across the World Bank in the design and implementation of household surveys and in the measurement and monitoring of poverty. ABOUT THIS SERIES The LSMS Guidebook series offers information on best practices related to survey design and implementation. While the Guidebooks differ in scope, length, and style, they share a common objective: to provide statistical agencies, researchers, and practitioners with rigorous yet practical guidance on a range of issues related to designing and fielding high-quality household surveys. The series draws on experience accumulated from decades of LSMS survey implementation, the expertise of LSMS staff and other survey experts, and new research using LSMS data and methodological validation studies. Copyright © 2021 The World Bank. Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following condition: Attribution Please cite the work as follows: Oseni, G., Palacios-Lopez, A., Mugera, H.K. and Durazo, J. (2021). Capturing What Matters: Essential Guidelines for Designing Household Surveys. Washington DC: World Bank. Disclaimer The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this Guidebook are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) World Bank Development Data Group (DECDG) lsms@worldbank.org www.worldbank.org/lsms data.worldbank.org Cover images: LSMS, Amparo Palacios-Lopez CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS  iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS.............................................................................................................vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.................................................................................................................................vii 1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................ 1 2. SURVEY DESIGN......................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 COMPARABILITY...................................................................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 INTERVIEW LEVEL AND UNIT OF ANALYSIS.................................................................................................................. 4 2.3 RECALL PERIOD ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.4 MODE OF INTERVIEW AND DATA COLLECTION ...................................................................................................... 5 2.5 QUESTIONNAIRE PREPARATION...................................................................................................................................... 6 2.6 PRE-TEST AND FIELD PILOT................................................................................................................................................. 7 2.7 FIELDWORK SUPERVISION AND DATA CHECKS......................................................................................................... 7 3. SAMPLING ................................................................................................................................................... 8 3.1 KEY INDICATORS.................................................................................................................................................................... 8 3.2 SAMPLE SIZE............................................................................................................................................................................... 8 3.3 SAMPLING DESIGN................................................................................................................................................................. 9 4. THE GENDER PERSPECTIVE ................................................................................................................. 11 5. QUESTIONNAIRE MODULES.................................................................................................................. 14 5.1 SELECTED HOUSEHOLD MODULES...............................................................................................................................16 5.1.1 HOUSEHOLD ROSTER (AND MEMBERSHIP)............................................................................................................................... 16 5.1.2 EDUCATION ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18 5.1.3 HEALTH, INCLUDING DISABILITY........................................................................................................................................................ 22 5.1.4 LABOR .. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24 5.1.5 FOOD CONSUMPTION............................................................................................................................................................................... 28 5.1.6 HOUSING............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31 5.1.7 LAND TENURE SECURITY........................................................................................................................................................................... 33 5.2 AGRICULTURE MODULES...................................................................................................................................................34 5.2.1 LAND AREA MEASUREMENT................................................................................................................................................................... 35 5.2.2 CROP PRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................................................................... 36 5.2.3 AGRICULTURAL LABOR ............................................................................................................................................................................. 37 iv  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS 5.2.4 LIVESTOCK............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 39 5.2.5 FORESTRY............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 41 5.3 SPECIAL-FOCUS MODULES................................................................................................................................................42 5.3.1 MIGRATION........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 42 5.3.2 CONFLICT EXPOSURE.................................................................................................................................................................................. 43 6. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) IN HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS................................... 45 6.1 THE PRIMARY SAMPLING UNIT........................................................................................................................................45 6.2 GEO-REFERENCING..............................................................................................................................................................46 7. COMPUTER-ASSISTED PERSONAL INTERVIEWING (CAPI)............................................................. 47 7.1 CONSIDERATIONS FOR USING CAPI............................................................................................................................47 7.2 PREPARING A CAPI QUESTIONNAIRE...........................................................................................................................48 7.3 TRAINING REQUIREMENTS FOR CAPI .........................................................................................................................49 7.4 TROUBLESHOOTING CAPI ...............................................................................................................................................50 8. DOCUMENTATION AND DISSEMINATION......................................................................................... 51 8.1 ANONYMIZATION................................................................................................................................................................51 8.2 DOCUMENTATION ..............................................................................................................................................................51 8.3 DISSEMINATION.....................................................................................................................................................................52 REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................................. 54 ANNEX I: LSMS GUIDEBOOKS TO DATE ................................................................................................ 58 ANNEX II: MODEL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE.............................................................. 60 ANNEX III: EXAMPLE AGRICULTURE MODULES FOR THE MODEL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE ............................................................................................. 136 CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS  v LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1. WORK AND EMPLOYMENT........................................................................................................................................ 25 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1. TYPES OF HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS................................................................................................................................ 3 TABLE 2. STANDARD INFORMATION ON EACH HOUSEHOLD MEMBER.....................................................................18 TABLE 3. LIST OF ITEMS FOR EDUCATION EXPENDITURE................................................................................................21 TABLE 4. LABOR UNDERUTILIZATION INDICATORS...........................................................................................................27 TABLE 5. DWELLING CHARACTERISTICS.................................................................................................................................. 32 TABLE 6. CHARACTERISTICS FOR WATER, SANITATION, HYGIENE................................................................................32 TABLE 7. COLLECTING AGRICULTURAL LABOR DATA........................................................................................................38 TABLE 8. CONTENTS OF A DETAILED LIVESTOCK MODULE............................................................................................39 LIST OF BOXES BOX 1. CAPTURING GENDER GAPS IN HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS......................................................................................12 BOX 2. RECOMMENDED HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MODULES .............................................................................................14 BOX 3. EXAMPLE OF HOUSEHOLD MEMBERSHIP AND POLYGAMY .............................................................................17 BOX 4. MEASURING FOOD CONSUMPTION WITH NSUs..................................................................................................30 BOX 5. MTF ATTRIBUTES FOR ENERGY ACCESS.....................................................................................................................33 BOX 6. DEFINITIONS FOR PARCEL AND PLOT.......................................................................................................................35 BOX 7. MAIN FUNCTIONALITY OF SURVEY SOLUTIONS (SuSo).....................................................................................50 BOX 8. CONTENTS OF A BASIC INFORMATION DOCUMENT........................................................................................53 vi  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS CAFE Computer-Assisted Field Entry CAPI Computer-Assisted Personal Interview CATI Computer-Assisted Telephone Interview CAWI Computer-Assisted Web Interview CPI Consumer Price Index DDI Data Documentation Initiative DECPM Development Data Group’s Data Production and Methods Unit DHS Demographic and Health Surveys EA Enumeration Area FIES Food Insecurity Experience Scale GIS Geographic Information Systems GPS Global Positioning System HBS Household Budget Survey HIES Household Income and Expenditure Survey HSWG Household Survey Working Group ICLS International Conference of Labor Statisticians ILO International Labour Organization ISWGHS Intersecretariat Working Group on Household Surveys (of the UN Statistical Commission) LFS Labor Force Survey LSMS Living Standards Measurement Study MICS Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey MTF Multi-Tier Framework NGO Non-Governmental Organization NSOs National Statistical Offices NSU Non-Standard Unit PAPI Paper and Pencil Interviewing PTA Parent-Teacher Association SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SuSo Survey Solutions SWIFT Survey of Well-being via Instant and Frequent Tracking TTLs Task Team Leaders UN United Nations UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund USAID United States Agency for International Development WASH Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene WG-SS Washington Group Short Set WHO World Health Organization CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS  vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This Guidebook was made possible thanks to the work of the Living Standards Measurement Study team members in drafting early chapters: Akuffo Amankwah, Alemayehu A. Ambel, Ismael Yacoubou Djima, Sydney Gourlay, Shelton Kanyanda, Jonathan Kastelic, Talip Kilic, Kevin McGee, Heather Moylan, Lena Nguyen, Akiko Sagesaka, Ilana Seff, James Arthur Shaw, Diane Steele, Marco Tiberti, and Alberto Zezza. Thanks are extended to Siobhan Murray and Matthew Welch for also contributing to early chapters for this guidebook. Special thanks are due to Prospere Backiny-Yetna, Kathleen Beegle, Gero Carletto, Valentina Costa, Isis Gaddis, Kristen Himelein, Rose Mungai, Diane Steele, and Alberto Zezza for their comments and feedback during the preparation and review of this guidebook. Vladimir Aguiñada, Akiko Sagesaka, and Seble Woreta were instrumental in finalizing the model questionnaires. Communication support was managed by Ilaria Lanzoni and Giulia Altomare. The guidebook was edited by Tola Jordan and Raka Banerjee, and proofread by Sile O’Broin. Graphic design and layout were provided by Ginerva Virgili for the first edition. For the second edition graphic design and layout were provided by Maryam Gul and Studio Bartoleschi. 1 1. Introduction Reliable data is a critical tool in the fight against extreme poverty. Poverty reduction depends on high-quality data to identify and assess the drivers of poverty, as well as to track changes in poverty over time. Household surveys are the primary source of this data, as they are highly flexible and adaptable with regards to their scope and coverage. Monitoring the World Bank’s twin goals of ending extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity relies heavily on household survey data. Household survey data also play a fundamental role in informing the design of national policies, understanding the welfare of the world’s poor, and monitoring progress towards the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The World Bank is an international leader in the methodology and implementation of household surveys, working in close partnership with national statistics offices (NSOs) around the world. As a member of the UN Statistical Commission’s Intersecretariat Working Group on Household Surveys (ISWGHS), and through its own Household Survey Working Group (HSWG) and Data Production and Methods Unit (DECPM), the World Bank endorses standards and best practices for household surveys, establishes priorities for future methodological innovation and technical assistance, and advises its thematic and operational teams on household survey planning and implementation. DECPM’s role in the HSWG builds on decades of household survey experience and methodological research carried out under the Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) program, which has been at the forefront of household survey methodology for more than 30 years, sharing its knowledge through practical guidebooks such as Designing household survey questionnaires for developing countries: lessons from 15 years of the Living Standards Measurement Study (Grosh & Glewwe, 2000). This guidebook is a consolidation of field-tested best practices to implement, improve, and modernize nationally representative multi-topic household surveys for monitoring welfare and poverty. Offered as a reference guide for Task Team Leaders (TTLs) within the World Bank1, the guidebook is intended as a powerful tool for any survey practitioners (such as NSOs, development partners, educators, researchers, and students) implementing household surveys in low- and middle-income countries. Due to the evolving nature of household surveys, this will be a living document, to be continually updated as new recommendations become available. 1 The World Bank’s Household Surveys Protocol (World Bank, 2020) includes as mandates for LSMS/DECPM (identified therein as DECSU):“Produce methodological guidelines on the latest standards and best practices in household survey data collection, in coordination with global initiatives and partners”. 2  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS This guidebook starts with Survey Design, the first step in any survey undertaking, with careful attention given to minimizing non-sampling errors. Subsequent sections are Sampling; Questionnaire Modules, which form the core of this guidebook; followed by Geographic Information Systems (GIS); Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI); and finally, Documentation and Dissemination of the resulting data. Some of the topics discussed here are summarized from more extensive LSMS guidebooks, which should be referred to for greater detail, the list of which can be found at Annex I. 3 2. Survey Design Planning a household survey requires considering the objectives of the survey (see Table 1) as well as the needs and constraints of the client. Understanding how the survey data will ultimately be used is critical to beginning the survey design process, helping to clarify both the information needed as well as how it should be collected. Creating a User and/or Expert Committee to consult on questionnaire design helps ensure that the instruments cover the most relevant topics. During the survey design process, all potential stakeholders should be consulted, including relevant ministries in the government as well as representatives from civil society, academia, and non-governmental organizations. Table 1. Types of Household Surveys Survey Type Purpose of survey Multi-topic living • Measures and monitors many relevant socioeconomic indicators standards survey (such as demography, health, education, occupation, income, expenditure, and consumption) • Defines poverty lines and establishes poverty profiles Explains and models the factors underlying poverty to guide policy design and analysis • Example: Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) surveys Household Income • Provides a detailed measure of income and expenditure and Expenditure • Defines the Consumer Price Index’s basket of commodities Survey (HIES) • Measures household consumption (often for the system of national accounts) • Defines poverty lines and establishes poverty profiles • Similar in purpose to multi-topic surveys, but covers fewer topics Household Budget • Similar in purpose to HIES, but focus is primarily on household expenditures for goods and services Survey (HBS) • Compiles weights for important macroeconomic indicators, such as consumer price indices (used as measures of inflation) and national accounts • Usually does not cover income (or else collects only broad income details) Special-focus • Multi-topic survey focusing in detail on specific themes and/or demographic groups household survey • Usually does not include detailed consumption or income modules • Examples: Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS); Demographic and Health Survey (DHS); Labor Force Survey (LFS) Phone survey • Shorter survey with less questionnaire detail and only basic socioeconomic details • Provides high frequency poverty estimates • Examples: SWIFT (Survey of Wellbeing via Instant and Frequent Tracking)*; High Frequency Phone Surveys on topics such as COVID-19, food security in refugee camps, the World Bank’s Listening to Africa Initiative, the Sauti za Wananchi [Voices of Citizens] survey in Kenya and Tanzania, etc. *Requires baseline survey with detailed consumption information to calculate estimates. 4  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS Surveys used for poverty and welfare measurement need to be conducted frequently, so that countries can act based on relevant and timely information. Recognizing the lack of data availability in many poor countries, the World Bank reinforced its commitment to household surveys in October 2015, recommending that countries conduct one survey at least every three years. Many middle- and high-income countries conduct such surveys annually. Governments should schedule their national household surveys for poverty measurement within their national statistical development strategies, which should detail the sequencing of all planned surveys. Like all surveys, household surveys are subject to measurement errors that reduce the accuracy of the survey estimates. Potential survey errors must therefore be kept in mind when designing, executing, and interpreting surveys.The two main categories of household survey errors that are usually encountered are non-sampling and sampling errors. Non-sampling errors are measurement errors that are not a function of the sample selection. These errors occur due to a variety of reasons, such as mistakes in recording the data, response errors driven by misunderstandings or misreporting by respondents, and data processing errors such as in the imputation of missing or inconsistent data. A critical goal of survey design and implementation is a reduction in these errors. Recommendations on reducing non-sampling errors are discussed in the following subsections; sampling errors are covered in Section 3. 2.1 COMPARABILITY Comparability of data between survey rounds relies on consistency across several factors, including sampling methodology, questionnaire design, survey timing (seasonality), field team training quality, and survey implementation protocols. When it comes to questionnaire design, some countries may prefer to maintain current surveys to ensure comparability over time, while others might choose to redesign existing surveys partially or in their entirety. Issues of comparability arise whenever any change is made to a survey (see for example, Abay et al., 2021, regarding non- sampling errors due to interview order of modules). However, there are also risks associated with maintaining an outdated survey instrument. The costs and benefits of modernizing or revising an existing instrument must be carefully weighed. Moreover, a certain level of comparability can be maintained across different survey instruments by employing available techniques to recalculate indicators from earlier surveys (Backiny-Yetna et al., 2014; Durazo et al., 2017). 2.2 INTERVIEW LEVEL AND UNIT OF ANALYSIS Interview level refers to the person or group being represented by the respon- dent during the interview. For household-level questions, the respondent is speaking on behalf of all household members or the household as a singular unit; such questions are asked once per household. Meanwhile, individual-level questions are asked once to each person in the household; respondents answer on their own behalf or on behalf of other individuals as needed. 2. SURVEY DESIGN  5 In community-level questionnaires, respondents representing the defined community are asked about issues related to the community at large, such as the location or number of schools, seasonal planting calendars, and so on. This guidebook focuses on household questionnaires, which contain modules collecting data at the household level as well as the individual level for certain modules such as health, education, and labor. Section 5 specifies the appropriate interview level for each module. A unit of analysis is the level at which information is collected and assessed. Surveys commonly cover multiple units of analysis, all of which must be clearly defined. Examples of units of analysis include household, individual, enterprise, farm plot, food item, product, inter alia. 2.3 RECALL PERIOD The recall period is the length of time over which the respondent is asked to recollect relevant details. While data analysts may prefer data encompassing periods of up to a year, some sections require shorter recall periods to make it easier for respondents to recall information accurately, especially for high frequency events. Section 5 provides guidance on recall periods for specific modules to help maximize accuracy (Bell et al., 2019; Arthi et al., 2017; Kjellsson et al., 2014; Beegle et al., 2010). 2.4 MODE OF INTERVIEW AND DATA COLLECTION The three most common interview modes for household surveys are in person, over the phone, or self-administered. Each mode comes with its own benefits and costs. For example, phone- based interviews do not require in-person visits, but often imply a time constraint, which limits the length of the questionnaire. Self-administered interviews eliminate the need for an interviewer but require literacy and writing skills on the part of the respondent. There are two modes of data collection for household surveys: paper and pencil Household Surveys interviewing (PAPI) and computer-assisted Modes of data collection personal interviewing (CAPI). Both PAPI and CAPI can be used with all interview modes. Paper and Pencil Computer-Assisted Personal When CAPI is combined with telephone interviewing (PAPI) Interviewing (CAPI) interviewing mode, it is referred to as Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing Data entry in Face to Face Phone Interview (CATI). a central location Interview (CATI) Data entry for PAPI questionnaires can be done either in a central location or in the Data entry in Data collection (interviewing) field, known as computer-assisted field entry the field (CAFE) and data entry in a single step (CAFE). Although CAFE requires more field 6  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS staff and supervision, it is preferable because it facilitates electronic data checks concurrently with ongoing data collection. Errors flagged during field entry can be returned to the interviewer while still working in the same enumeration area, allowing them the option of returning to the household to correct any errors, thereby improving data quality. Moving beyond PAPI and CAFE, CAPI/CATI combine data collection (interviewing) and data entry into a single step. Fast becoming the most common mode for conducting multi-topic household surveys, CAPI2 increases both the speed of collection and quality of data by allowing for real-time in situ data validity checks. Section 7 discusses CAPI in more detail. 2.5 QUESTIONNAIRE PREPARATION Question Instructions Navigational path Visual design Translation construction Each question Clear instructions on Ensure sensible Each section Decide if translation should be clear how to administer progression in the should be easy to is pre-programmed and concise the questions questionnaire understand or in situ Questionnaire preparation involves the drafting, framing, compiling, and organizing of questions in each of the survey modules. Questionnaire preparation calls for attention in the following areas: • Question construction. Each question should be clear and concise, use simple wording, avoid jargon and leading questions,3 and have straightforward mutually-exclusive response options. • Instructions. Include clear instructions on how to administer the questions, such as when answer options should or should not be read aloud, given the risk of biasing responses. Provide definitions, background information, and scenarios as needed. • Navigational path. Ensure sensible progression from one question to another (known as skip patterns), as well as between the different modules, to ensure narrative flow in the questionnaire. • Visual design. Each section should be easy to understand, with clear and consistent formatting. • Translating. For each language in which the survey will be administered, it should be decided beforehand whether translation will be programmed and printed in advance or translated in situ by interviewers.The former ensures consistency across interviews and should be done for the official and most commonly spoken language(s) in the country surveyed. 2 There are different software choices available for CAPI. One option is Survey Solutions, which is developed by the World Bank, offered free of charge, and compatible for use on low-cost tablets. For more information, visit http://mysurvey.solutions. 3 Leading questions contain information that suggest a desired or expected answer. These types of questions discourage respondents from reporting information truthfully and can hinder obtaining their honest opinions. For example, asking “Mia is 9 years old, so she is attending school, correct?” could make the respondent feel pressured to agree even if it is a false statement, because (a) it is the answer suggested and (b) the suggestion implies that this is the proper behavior. Leading questions should always be avoided. Instead of the example given above, the respondent should simply be asked, “Is Mia currently attending school?” 2. SURVEY DESIGN  7 2.6 PRE-TEST AND FIELD PILOT After a questionnaire has been drafted, it must be first tested in the field prior to survey implementation. Testing a survey instrument includes checking the content and flow of the questions as well as software design. A pre-test evaluates the software (CAPI or the data entry program, if using PAPI) to ensure that survey data is entered correctly, the questionnaire flow is consistent, and data checks are complete. This can be done with a very small sample – even just one or two households – as long as all the modules are administered. A pilot is a more extensive test, which involves implementing the questionnaire in its entirety in the field with a small subset of households. Pilots are conducted to ensure that the wording of questions reliably elicits the desired information from respondents, as well as to test overall fieldwork coordination, supervision, and logistics, including the length of interviews, expected field schedule, estimated budget, and so on. Depending on the amount of revisions needed to the questionnaire following pre-testing and piloting, additional iterations of the pre-test and field pilot may be necessary. 2.7 FIELDWORK SUPERVISION AND DATA CHECKS Fieldwork implementation is one of the primary determinants of the quality of the data collected. One of the key goals during data collection is minimizing both non-sampling errors and the amount of cleaning and editing needed after the data has been collected. Careful supervision of field staff and the implementation of regular data checks during fieldwork are both essential to meeting this goal. Regardless of the data collection mode, built-in inter- and intra-record checks can help field staff identify errors during fieldwork, allowing them to work with respondents to immediately correct inconsistencies. This reduces the likelihood of invalid data points as well as the need for follow-up reviews, household visits, and data cleaning.The final data set should include a version that reflects the variables as collected in the field. 8  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS 3. Sampling Sampling is the process by which a sample or subset of units (households, for the purposes of this guidebook) are selected from a population and surveyed to estimate characteristics for the whole population with a known level of error or precision.This section provides a brief overview of the key terms and concepts on sampling. For more detail and examples for developing countries, two guidebooks are recommended, both developed by the UN Statistical Division: Household Sample Surveys in Developing and Transition Countries (United Nations, 2005) and Designing Household Survey Samples: Practical Guidelines (United Nations, 2008). 3.1 KEY INDICATORS Even though household surveys are used to estimate a range of indicators, sample calculations are usually based on just one or two key indicators. These indicators should be specific in definition and at the core of the intended analysis, such as district-level per capita real annual household consumption. For greater impact, these indicators should correlate with several other important measures – for example, income is correlated with education, health status, asset ownership, and more. If there are multiple indicators that are of equally high importance but not correlated, separate sample calculations should be done for each key indicator and of those, the highest required sample size should be used for the survey. 3.2 SAMPLE SIZE Sample size is not a function of popula- tion size. While this may seem counter- Sample size is not a function of population size – but does have intuitive, consider the popular analogy implications for data complexity. of a cook tasting soup. To taste a small pot of soup, a spoon is used. However, a ladle is not needed to taste a large pot of soup – a spoon is still sufficient. In the same way, sample size calculations should be based on the characteristics of the population (prevalence/variance) and not simply a percentage of the total population. 3. SAMPLING  9 Sample size does have implications for the complexity of the data collection process. Larger samples cost more, require more time and enumerators, and imply investing more resources into quality control efforts. Given these tradeoffs, household sampling should aim for optimal precision by determining the smallest possible sample needed to adequately analyze the key indicators. 3.3 SAMPLING DESIGN Household surveys aim to make generalized inferences about a target population, usually across multiple domains of inference. The sampling design outlines how households will be selected from the target population for inclusion in the survey. The design begins with a master sampling frame and usually includes stratification and clustering.4 The master sampling frame is the list of all sampling units in the target population. It must be comprehensive and non-overlapping, meaning that each unit selected – at any stage of selection – must have a known non-zero probability of selection. In most household surveys, the primary sampling frame is the complete list of census enumeration areas (EAs) or census blocks for the country. The EAs serve as the primary sampling units and the secondary sampling units are households within each selected EA. Households are randomly selected from a list of all households within an EA, which is either provided by the NSO or created by the survey team via a household listing exercise. When the sampling frame is not available or is out of date, additional sampling techniques may be needed, such as grid-based sampling or other geospatial data approaches. For most national household surveys, the target population is the population of all households and/or individuals in the country. When defining the target population, it is important to note if any parts of the population have been excluded from the survey, such as residents of military barracks and other institutions, people living in remote or insecure parts of the country, the homeless, forcefully displaced persons living in camps, and so on. The target population figures are an essential input for calculating survey weights, which indicate the portion of the target population that is represented by each household or individual that is interviewed. Domains of inference are the levels at which the survey data will be represented, analyzed, and reported, such as national, regional (or other political boundaries), urban and rural, agro- ecological zones, and so on. Increasing the number of domains may seem appealing from an analytical or political perspective, but it will also increase the sample size, thus likely increasing non-sampling errors as well. 4 Stratification splits the population into mutually exclusive sub-populations (based on domains of inference) called strata, then draws an independent sample from each. The objective is either to ensure a minimum level of precision at each domain of inference or to increase the overall precision of the overall survey estimates. Multi-stage sampling uses clustering to select groups of units in stages, called primary sampling units, secondary sampling units, and so on. While clustering decreases the precision of the estimates, it is often necessary to control costs. Sampling documents should detail these and other complex design features, and must be explicit about the expected impact on precision. 10  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS Sampling design should also address survey non-response, which occurs when selected households do not participate in the survey, most commonly due to respondent refusal. Protocols must be established to ensure non-response rates do not bias estimates.The two most common approaches are allowing replacements (that are interviewed only when necessary) or drawing larger samples (oversampling) to mitigate for non-response without using replacements. The appropriate method will depend on the country and survey contexts. As with all aspects of survey design, the sampling strategy must be well documented: see Section 8 on Documentation and Dissemination for more detail. 11 4. The Gender Perspective Household surveys continue to be the primary source of data used to track the extent and impact of gender differences5 in human endowments such as education and health, and economic opportunities such as labor and family enterprises. Increasingly, they are also used to understand intra-household resource allocation such as economic decision-making and spending patterns. Even so, consumption data – typically used to measure poverty in low- and middle-income countries – is usually collected at the household level.This limits the ability to understand the role of gender in any poverty analysis and to assess inequality within households (World Bank, 2018). Integrating a gender perspective into surveys goes beyond recording the sex of the respondent or household members. Gender considerations are embedded into the entire survey process, including selection of topics to be covered by the survey, questionnaire design, sample design, selection and training of interviewers and supervisors, data collection in the field (including the identification of respondents), and data coding and editing. Essentially, incorporating a gender perspective requires that attention be paid to all factors that could potentially lead to gender bias in the data. The various dimensions of gender statistics can be obtained using a number of different, sometimes overlapping, data collection vehicles, including population and housing censuses, agricultural censuses and surveys, labor force surveys, time-use surveys, and violence against women surveys (United Nations, 2016). Gender Considerations Gender Considerations Selection Questionnaire Sample Selection & Training Data Data of Topics Design Design of Interviewers Collection Coding This section highlights some of the broad issues with respect to sex-disaggregated and gender- focused measurements in multi-topic household surveys. Topic-specific suggestions will be addressed in subsequent sections. 5 While sex refers to biological characteristics (e.g. male, female), gender refers to the socially constructed characteristics such as norms, roles, and relationships which vary among cultures and change over time. These learned behaviors make up gender identity, which goes beyond the binary construct of man and woman, and determine gender roles. For more detail, see https://www.who.int/gender-equity-rights/news/ factsheet-403/en/ or https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-determinants/gender/gender-definitions. When the word gender is used in this guidebook, it refers to the binary construct of gender roles (men/women) and their socioeconomic impacts. 12  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS Data collected at the individual level auto- Box 1. Capturing Gender Dynamics in matically allow for sex disaggregation analy- Household Surveys sis. Typically, in individual-level modules, each • For individual level data, aim for self-reported person is expected to respond on their own (respondent answers on his/her own behalf) behalf; when this is not possible, the use of over the use of a proxy (respondent answers proxy respondents is considered preferable on behalf of another person). to missing data. However, studies have shown • For household level data, ask who owns, that a proxy respondent may provide a differ- manages, and inherits key assets and ent response than the actual individual, which economic activities. can lead to bias in the analysis (Kilic and Moy- • The following table illustrates the gender dynamics themes typically captured in lan, 2016; Bardasi et. al., 2010). The sex of the household survey modules. proxy, as well as their relationship to the tar- get respondent, could also introduce addition- Gender Themes Household Survey Modules al bias. As such, it is important to collect the roster ID of the actual respondent providing Endowments • Education data for each person, to capture whether indi- • Health and Disability vidual-level information is being reported by • Social Protection Programs proxies reporting on behalf of the individuals, or by the individuals themselves. In all cases, Economic Activity • Labor/Employment the best option is for each person to respond • Household Enterprises for themselves. (farm and non-farm) • Non-Labor Income For certain modules that typically collect • Durable Goods/Assets, data at the household level, additional ques- including Housing tions can be added to enable an analysis of • Credit/Savings • Land tenure gender dynamics. This includes modules on assets (that is, land and other durables) and Voice and Agency • Age at first marriage (HH roster) some expenditure items. Regarding assets, it is recommended to ask who owns, manages, and inherits key assets, allowing for the iden- Further details on questionnaire modules are addressed tification of at least three individuals within in the next section. the household for each question. For a deep- er analysis of asset ownership and control, another option is to collect this data from multiple household members, using individual-level interviews for the specific modules. Poten- tial double-counting (for example, two household members each reporting that the household has a television, which is then incorrectly counted as two televisions) and inconsistent reporting (for example, when two household members each report being the sole owner of the same television) should be taken into consideration when comparing or aggregating data reported in this manner. For household expenditure items that can be assignable by sex and age, collecting these disaggregated expenditures separately could allow for intra-household poverty analysis (for example, instead of collecting household expenditures on “clothes” as a single category, it 4. THE GENDER PERSPECTIVE  13 could be separated into men’s clothes, women’s clothes, boys’ clothes, and girls’ clothes). For more details and guidance on intra-household consumption analysis and sex-disaggregated pov- erty analysis, see ‘Inside the Household: Poor Children, Women, and Men’ in Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2018: Piecing Together the Poverty Puzzle (World Bank, 2018). Household surveys that wish to capture household-level economic activities, such as household enterprises and farms, should identify their respective owners and decision-makers within the household. For each enterprise, specific questions should ask which household members own the enterprise, make decisions on its operations, and decide on the use of earnings, listing at least three individuals for each category. The survey should also include questions on the household members who work in each activity. For farm enterprises, additional questions can be included to identify the individuals that make decisions on choosing crops to plant, the use of inputs, the timing of harvest, and the price and timing of crop sales. Since many of these issues are decided at the parcel or plot level, and because managers and decision makers can vary across a household’s parcels/plots, collecting agriculture data at the parcel and/or plot level, rather than at the aggregate farm or household level as a whole, is necessary to fully understand gender es in agriculture. differenc­ There are specific topics within household surveys that are important to understand women’s voice and agency, such as their time-use or age at first marriage. Even a relatively brief time-use module can shed light on how individuals allocate time, and the impact this may have on their welfare. Information on tasks that are disproportionately assigned to women such as childcare, cooking, and collecting firewood or water can be captured in household surveys, if desired. Other key issues related to women’s voice and agency, such as gender-based violence, and/or changing social norms about masculinity and femininity, while critical, are difficult to capture in multi-topic household surveys and may thus require specialized survey efforts. Box 1 summarizes where data related to the World Bank’s Strategic Objectives for Gender Equality (World Bank, 2015) are best collected when using the Core Questionnaire modules articulated in the World Bank’s Household Survey Protocol (see Section 5). 14  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS 5. Questionnaire Modules Household surveys are often multi-topic in nature, with separate modules for each topic. The priority policy issues and availability of resources determine the selection of modules as well as the level of detail at which data will be collected. Box 2 shows the modules that are usually included in a household survey, most of which are the Proposed Core Modules from the World Bank’s Household Survey Protocol and are essential for a complete and thorough understanding of living standards and household welfare. Box 2. Recommended Household Survey Questionnaire Household Modules - Core Questionnaire Modules from the World Bank’s Household Survey Protocol Module Key analysis Content (guidebook section) areas and indicators Household Identification Household location, sample-related detail Household Roster (5.1.1) Household composition, demographics Literacy, educational attainment, school attendance,school Education (5.1.2) SDG 4 expenditures Illness and injury, health care use and expenditure, disability, Health and Disability (5.1.3) SDG 3, 4, & 5 child anthropometrics (optional) Labor/Employment (5.1.4) Employment, unemployment, underemployment, unpaid labor SDG 8 Household Enterprises Income from self-employment and family enterprises SDG 8 Non-Labor Income Rental incomes, dividends and interests, transfer payments, etc. SDG 10 Physical and financial assets (not related to household Durable Goods /Assets SDG 10 enterprises) Credit/Savings* Financial assets and obligations SDG 9.3 & 10 SDG 1 & 2. Nutrition. Amount spent on food consumed at home and food away Consumer Price Index Food Consumption (5.1.5) from home (CPI). Food security. Poverty. Non-Food Expenditures Amount spent on non-food items SDG 1 & 2. Poverty. CPI. Dwelling characteristics, property tenure, energy, water, Housing (5.1.6) SDG 6, 7, & 11 sanitation Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) or the Household Food Security SDG 2.1 Food Insecurity Access Scale Social Protection Programs Participation and benefits SDG 1.3 & 5.4 Shocks and Household coping strategies when faced with significant SDG 1.5 Coping Strategies unexpected events (shocks) Land tenure type and degree of security. Contributes to Land Tenure* (5.1.7) SDG 1.4.2 & 5.a.1 Durable Goods 5. QUESTIONNAIRE MODULES  15 Box 2. Recommended Household Survey Questionnaire (cont.) Agriculture Modules - Inclusion and degree of detail are based on the country or survey context. Module Contents and Characteristics Key indicators (guidebook section) Land Area Measurement* SDG 2 Area and use type for all land owned or used (5.2.1) Agricultural productivity. SDG 2 Crop type, inputs, harvest, and disposition Crop Production (5.2.2) Agricultural productivity. Trees on Farms^ warrant additional questions Income. SDG 8.5 Agriculture Labor* (5.2.3) Household and non-household labor Income. Employment. Agriculture Equipment Ownership and use Assets Types and quantities owned, details on production and SDG 2 Livestock (5.2.4) earnings Productivity. Income. Types, quantities, methods, and equipment used, details SDG 2 & 14 Fisheries^ on production and earnings Productivity. Income. SDG 2 & 15 Forestry^ (5.2.5) Use, production, and earnings from non-cultivated lands Productivity. Income. Special-Focus Modules - Inclusion is based on the needs and interests of the country or survey context. Module Contents and Characteristics (guidebook section) Migration^ (5.3.1) Demographics, determinants, and displacement experience of migrants Conflict Exposure^ (5.3.2) Impact and severity Tourism^ Expenditures on temporary travel (non-migration trips) for work, leisure, etc. Wellbeing^ Self-reported perceptions of wellbeing Behavioral Health^ Assessing the mental and behavioral health of individuals * Not listed as separate modules in the Core Questionnaire but are integral components of core modules. ^ Not part of the Proposed Core Questionnaire but recommended when relevant to the country/project context. For more details on SDG targets and indicators, visit https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/indicators-list/. This guidebook is a living document; many of these sections are currently covered while others will be added over time. That said, it is not intended to be an exhaustive list of indicators that can be calculated using household surveys. 16  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS 5.1 SELECTED HOUSEHOLD MODULES This section presents further guidance on selected household modules that allow for the analysis of overall household welfare. Each section is organized as follows: • Introduction to the module and its relevance to household welfare. • Notes on the level of reporting (household or individual) and the preferred respondent(s) of the module. • A discussion of key aspects of the module with regards to measurement and content. Many of these topics have dedicated module-level guidebooks that are published by the World Bank’s LSMS team, as indicated in the relevant subsections. 5.1.1 HOUSEHOLD ROSTER (AND MEMBERSHIP) The household roster lists all members of the household in the survey, collecting basic demographic information such as age and sex that serve as key factors in computing welfare aggregates. Additionally, information provided in the household roster determines the subsequent modules that will be administered for each household as well as the household members to be interviewed for each module. Level of Reporting and Respondent The primary respondent should be an adult household member knowledgeable about the composition of the household. Once the members of the household are confirmed, each individual should self-report their demographic information. When this is not possible (that is, if adults are absent during the interview or children are too young to respond on their own), then the primary respondent or another knowledgeable household member can serve as their proxy. Key Aspects of Measurement and Content The two core components of the household roster are household membership and standard demographic information about each household member. A. Household Membership Clearly defined criteria for household membership6 ensures the correct individuals are included in the household roster. Membership inclusion will impact data collection and analysis for nearly all 6 Household members and family members are two different concepts. Household members are not necessarily related. For example, two friends who share a dwelling and pool their resources are considered household members, even though they are not family members. Conversely, an adult son of the household’s head who lives elsewhere with his own spouse and children is most likely not a member of the same household, even if he joins them for dinner most nights. 5. QUESTIONNAIRE MODULES  17 subsequent modules, and accurate household size is critical for many data analysis measurements. Household membership is often defined using a combination of criteria, such as time spent in the household, pooling of resources, and communal eating habits. With regards to time spent in the household, a commonly used protocol is that a person who has lived in the household for more than X (usually 3 or 6) of the past 12 months is considered a member. Whether or not to include domestic workers as household members will depend on the specific definition of household membership for the particular country or survey. Protocols must be agreed upon for special cases that will likely be encountered, such as new members (people who joined less than X months ago but do not belong to any other household), children away at boarding school, and spouses that have out-migrated but are still considered an integral part of the household and its income. For example, in countries with very high seasonal or semi-permanent migration, people living overseas may be considered members for the purpose of the roster. Data on these household members is collected in migration modules on time away and remittances, but they are excluded from per-capita and per-adult-equivalent calculations.While the definition of household membership may vary across countries or surveys, data reliability depends on the definition remaining consistent across all households within a given survey.7 A clearly worded definition of household membership must be included in enumerator training manuals and understood clearly by all survey enumerator teams. B. Standard information on each household member Box 3. Example of Household Membership and Polygamy For household survey purposes, each person should belong to only one household.Where polygamy is practiced, membership protocols will need to clarify whether different wives residing in separate dwellings constitute separate households. Often, such cases are considered separate households, and the shared husband will be assigned membership to only one of the households (one option is to assign him membership in the household where he spent the night before the enumerator’s first visit). Resources sent by him to the other household(s) would be considered transfers.This is just one of many living situations that should be examined closely to ensure household and membership definitions comprehensively account for the specific survey and country contexts. Table 2 presents the standard information that should be collected for each household member listed in the household roster. 7 It is important that the definition of household membership remains consistent over time. 18  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS Table 2. Standard Information on Each Household Member Information Details Name • Full names used in official documents (school records, birth certificates, national ID, etc.) and (optional) nickname • Allows for matching with other data sources and re-contacting each individual as needed Sex • Identifies respondents for sex-specific modules (most commonly reproductive health) and any sex-disaggregated modules (assets ownership, etc.) Relationship to • Understanding relationships among members is crucial for both data analysis and data household head* quality control Date of birth • Used to determine respondents for age-specific modules (day, month, year) • Important for collecting child anthropometrics (see birth certificate, if possible) Age • Provides an estimate when date of birth is unknown or not collected • Collect age in years and months, if under 5 years old Marital status • Depending on the survey needs, additional questions may be added regarding the spouse of each married household member (where spouse resides, roster ID when applicable) Mapping additional • Necessary for in-depth analysis of gender dynamics family relationships • Includes identifying spouses of all married household members and parents of all (optional) household members • Record whether spouses and parents are household members and, when applicable, record their roster ID Other information • Ethnicity, religion, nationality, languages spoken, migration (see Section 5.3), and so on depending on • Details on the parents of every household member (even when parents are not household country/context and members) from basic status (household ID, residing elsewhere, or deceased) to more interests detailed intergenerational human capital information (education and employment status) * Surveys that exclude concepts of household headship should ask about the relationship of all household members to the questionnaire’s primary respondent. 5.1.2 EDUCATION Due to the high importance of education for development, collecting timely and quality data on education is critical. Many household surveys collect at least basic information on the education of all household members. Various aspects of education are important benchmarks for development progress, most significantly literacy and school attendance/attainment. Furthermore, educational expenditures can constitute a considerable portion of a household’s overall expenditures, which is a key component of common measures of welfare and poverty. Level of Reporting and Respondent Education is an experience specific to an individual; thus, it is strongly recommended that information on education be collected at the individual level. It should be collected for all 5. QUESTIONNAIRE MODULES  19 household members over a certain age, and not only for those of school age at the time of the survey. Minimum age for this module is usually set between two and five years, depending on the expected age at which primary school starts as well as whether the survey intends to collect data on early childhood development (via pre-primary schooling status). Each household member should respond directly about their education; when this is not possible (that is, if adults are not home during the interview or children are too young to respond on their own), then the household member who is most familiar with the education information should respond. Key Aspects of Measurement and Content There are four main topic areas typically collected in the education module. A. Literacy and Numeracy Basic literacy, defined as the ability to read and write, is one of the most common and important education indicators. There are two common methods used to collect literacy information. The most basic method is to ask the individual to self-report whether they can read and write in Literacy data can be self reported or collected any language, without any verification. While this method is simpler and through objective testing widely used across multi-topic household surveys, it is subjective and could lead to over-reporting by respondents who overestimate their abilities. The alternative is to conduct an objective test of literacy, which takes significantly more time than self-reporting. A minimum approach8 to literacy testing is to show the respondent a sentence (on a card or other device) and ask them to read it aloud. The interviewer then records whether the respondent was able to read the sentence fully, partially, or not at all.The minimum requirement in capturing literacy is for the respondent to self-report whether they can “read and write in any language”. Where multiple languages are common, literacy can be asked separately for different languages.The official language or the language of educational instruction should always be included. A related and important skill is numeracy, or the ability to conduct basic arithmetic operations. While numeracy could ostensibly be captured in an education module, inclusion of such questions is rare; numeracy questions are usually reserved for in-depth education surveys. B. Previous Education Previous education typically includes whether the individual ever attended school, at what age they began attending school, and the highest level of schooling they have completed.The age reported for beginning school can be compared with the expected age to begin school to determine whether Collect data on both current and the individual began on schedule. Questions on the extent of schooling previous schooling should include two components: the level (that is, primary, secondary, post- secondary) and grade/class within that level (second year, first grade, etc.). The response options 8 See the Demographic and Health Survey questionnaires. More involved literacy tests also exist and are typically used in surveys focused specifically on education. 20  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS for the question on the highest level and grade/class should ideally correspond to a specific class year in accordance with the national education system9 (for example, the second year/grade/level of primary school). Different types of post-secondary education relevant to the local context – university, technical school, teaching school, and so on – should also be included as answer options. Questions to confirm the highest grade of schooling completed can also be used to calculate the highest level of schooling completed and the number of years of education completed, which are other commonly used indicators of educational attainment.10 ‘Successfully completed’ can be defined as having been approved to continue onto the next class/grade, regardless of whether the individual did so. Alternately, this can be addressed via a separate question about the highest certificate/exam passed by the individual. The appropriate definition of successful completion should be clearly outlined in the enumerator training and manuals. C. School Attendance School attendance refers to participation in formal education.11 Information on informal schooling (that is, education that does not follow standard curriculum) should be captured separately if it is deemed relevant in the The reference period for local context. schooling depends on the timing of the survey Begin by asking all household members of schooling age, as well as adults who reported any previous education, if they are currently attending school. The reference period should be the current school year; however, if the interview is taking place in the break between academic years, then the reference period is the previous school year (that is, the recently-ended academic year). For all individuals currently attending school, the following details should be captured: • Level and grade/class of the individual. The response options should mirror those for the highest level-grade completed (discussed above). • Type of school (public or private), as well as the type of institution/organization that operates the school, such as religious organization, non-governmental organization (NGO) or other. • Means of transport to school. This is used to assess the potential travel burden faced by students and includes mode of transport as well as travel time and/or distance. Response options can also capture students who board at school (and therefore do not commute). • Whether they were absent from school for an extended period in the current school year (typically two consecutive weeks) and the reason for their absence. For household members of schooling age that are not currently attending school, a follow-up question should capture the reason for their absence from school. 9 Response options should include old systems or classifications specific to the country. 10 For example, if someone started the first year (Y1) of secondary school (Level 2), but stopped attending after 1 month, then the highest class attended is Level 2, Y1 and the highest class completed is the highest year of primary school (Level 1). Likewise, the highest level attended is secondary school, while the highest level completed is primary school. 11 Formal education is described in the ISCED (UIS, 2011) as institutionalised, intentional, and planned education through public organizations and recognised private bodies. 5. QUESTIONNAIRE MODULES  21 Table 3. List of Items for Education Expenditure Minimum list (categories) More detailed optional list (individual items) Payments to educational institutions Tuition and other fees Tuition fees (e.g. exam, registration fees) Exam, registration, and other official fees Contribution to PTA (parent-teacher associations) and/or SMCs (school Other contributions to school management committees) (PTA, SMC, school fund, in-kind Contribution to construction, maintenance, or other school funds contributions) Cash estimates of in-kind contributions School canteen fees Ancillary fees (boarding, canteen, School boarding fees transport, health services) Fees for transport organized by the school Fees for health services Payments and purchases made outside educational institutions, required for school attendance Uniforms and other school clothing Uniforms and other school clothing Textbooks and other teaching materials (stationery, etc.) Textbooks and other teaching materials Other required purchases (such as computer, extra books, athletic equipment, material for arts lessons, other school-related expense specific to the country) Payments and purchases made outside educational institutions, not required for school attendance Private tutoring Private tutoring School meals and transport purchased Transport to and from school not organized by the school outside educational institutions School meals purchased outside school Additional books, computer, or learning Additional books, computer, or learning software to be used at home in software to be used at home in support support of formal schooling of formal schooling Optional separate items (not included in international comparison and NEA) Music and art lessons Other categories (music and art lessons, gifts, Gifts extra-curricular activities, etc.) Extra-curricular activities Not allocable When respondent is unable to itemize expenses to fit within the listed items D. Education Expenditures All expenditures incurred by household members on formal education should be collected. Following international standards,12 information should be collected on the items listed in Table 3. Since accuracy is improved when respondents are asked about more specific items, expenses should be reported for each item individually, or at least by grouping categories of expenses (Pradhan, 2001; United Nations, 2005). Aggregated or collapsed reporting (that is, the total cost of all education expenses reported as one amount) should only be allowed for respondents that 12 Relevant international standards include the UNESCO-OECD-Eurostat (UIS et al., 2016) manual and the National Education Accounts framework (IIEP et al., 2016). 22  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS are not able to disaggregate spending. The recall period for education expenditures should allow for calculating annual estimates of household education expenditures (that is, the estimates should cover an entire school year). For detailed instructions on collecting education expenditures, see the LSMS guidebook, Measuring Household Expenditure on Education (Oseni et al., 2017). 5.1.3 HEALTH, INCLUDING DISABILITY A health module collects information on the health conditions of household members, expenditures on health care, and barriers to health care access and use. Level of Reporting and Respondent All questions about health and health care should be asked at the individual level for all household members, regardless of age. Each household member should be interviewed about their own health status and health care strategies. In the case of children or dependents who are unable to respond for themselves, the household member most familiar with their health information should be the respondent. Key Aspects of Measurement and Content There are four main topic areas that should be addressed in a health module of a household survey. Health Module - Key components Collect illness & Types of health care and Collect disability data Anthropometrics data can injury data for all facilities used provide greater using the Washington help assess development of household members, insight when tied to specific Group Short Set (WGSS) children under 5 years old regardless of age illness/injury information A. Illness and/or injury A health module should collect information on self-reported illness and/or injury. The most commonly used reference periods for the occurrence of illness and injury are one month (either the past 4 weeks or past 30 days) for incidents not requiring hospitalization, and one year (the past 12 months) for incidents requiring hospitalization. To fully capture the burden of the illness or injury on the household, additional questions may be asked about whether the illness/injury has affected the individual’s regular activities. In addition to details about illness and injury, questions about the use of bed nets and related expenditures are recommended for all household members in countries where malaria is endemic. 5. QUESTIONNAIRE MODULES  23 B. Health care utilization and expenditure This module should collect information on the use of, access to, and expenditures on healthcare. Questions on health care utilization may or may not be tied to a reported illness or injury. However, tying these questions to an illness or injury can help capture information about ease- of-use, barriers to access, types of health facilities/practitioners, and common types of treatment in a given area. Other relevant details to collect include the reason(s) that an individual did not use health care facilities as well as the respondent’s distance (in kilometers or time) to the nearest health facility. Depending on the country’s data needs, the questionnaire can also include questions on health care use during a woman’s pregnancy and/or information on the delivery of children for recent births (including the place of birth and professional classification of the person who delivered the child).13 Health care expenditures should be collected, regardless of whether specific illnesses or injuries are reported.14 There are different ways to disaggregate the various components of health care expenditures, and the appropriate breakdown can depend on country-specific and contextual factors, such as the means of obtaining medicine, payment and financing mechanisms, and so on. Where appropriate, the questionnaire should include a question on whether the individual has health insurance and if relevant, indicate if the insurance is at the individual or household level. C. Disability To capture information on disability, it is recommended at minimum to use the Washington Group Short Set (WG-SS).15 The WG-SS is a set of questions that identify people with disabilities, focused on difficulty performing activities across six functional domains: seeing, hearing, walking, cognition, self-care, and communication. The WG-SS questions avoid using terms such as “disability” and “handicap” because the negative connotations of these terms often lead to underreporting. Instead, the question and response options ask about specific abilities, such as “Do you have difficulty walking or climbing steps? Would you say: No, no difficulty; Yes, some difficulty; Yes, a lot of difficulty; or Cannot do it at all”. Questions should be asked of all household members, ages five years and older. Additional questions can be added to address labor impact, rehabilitation, and duration of the disability. For further details, see the LSMS publication: Disability Measurement in Household Surveys: A Guidebook for Designing Household Survey Questionnaires (Tiberti and Costa, 2020). D. Anthropometry and other health-related questions for young children If the country-specific data needs include assessing the nutritional status of children, the weight and height/length measurements for children ages 6-59 months can be collected as part of the household survey.16 Doing so allows for studying linkages between the nutritional status of children and household poverty/welfare characteristics. This process requires significantly 13 Such questions would complement a more detailed reproductive module when one is implemented. 14 Depending on wider country needs (and taking into consideration topics already addressed in other national surveys), questions can also be included for expenditures on preventive health such as vaccines, wellness check-ups, and so on. 15 http://www.washingtongroup-disability.com/washington-group-question-sets/short-set-of-disability-questions/ 16 Some household surveys also collect weight and height measurements for adults or specific age groups, such as women of reproductive age. 24  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS more supervision, specialized training and equipment, and in-situ validation to ensure that the data is reliable.17 If desired, the survey can also capture additional factors affecting child health and nutrition, including questions on breastfeeding (was the child breastfed, duration, and how many of those months were exclusive), illness, and diarrhea (incidence in the past two weeks, whether the child was given anything other than the normal amount of water, food, and/or oral rehydration salts, and whether healthcare was sought), among others. 5.1.4 LABOR International standards for collecting labor statistics are set by the International Labor Organization (ILO), with best practices established by the International Conference of Labor Statisticians (ICLS) held every five years. This section conforms with the 19th ICLS guidelines and is summarized from the LSMS guidebook, Employment and Own-Use Production in Household Surveys: A Practical Guide for Measuring Labor (Durazo et al., 2021). Level of Reporting and Respondent Data on employment should always be collected at the individual level for all working-age household members. The minimum age for respondents depends on country context. When possible, each person should be interviewed about their own employment and labor information. If a given individual is unavailable, another household member with knowledge of the topic can respond on their behalf. Key Aspects of Measurement and Content A labor module should provide data to determine a comprehensive measurement of participation in all forms of work.18 Work is defined as any productive activity to produce goods or services, whether paid or unpaid, done for one hour or more during the reference period (“the last completed week” as per international standards, although some surveys will also ask about the past 12 months). The module should produce headline labor market indicators (specifically employment rate, labor force participation rate, and unemployment rate) and labor underutilization indicators, as well as new indicators regarding different forms of work. A. Identification of persons in employment Employment is a specific subset of work, defined as work performed for pay or profit (ILO, 2013).19 A comprehensive measure of employment includes: • Persons working for wage or salary (employees) 17 See http://mics.unicef.org/tools#data-collection for the UNICEF manual on anthropometric data collection. 18 This section currently focuses on paid work and own-use production of goods. A sub-section for own-use production of services is forthcoming. 19 The 19 th International Conference of Labor Statisticians (ICLS 19) adopted new international standards on the measurement of work, employment, and labor underutilization (International Labor Organization, 2013). Before this resolution, own-use production of goods, unpaid trainee work, other unpaid work activities, and volunteer work on goods and activities were considered employment. 5. QUESTIONNAIRE MODULES  25 • Persons engaged in own-account activities (self-employed) for pay or profit, which can include selling products or working for a family enterprise, as well as growing crops or tending livestock when such goods are intended mainly for the market (see Section 5.1.4.B), and • Persons not at work during the reference period but who have a job or business to which they will return, for example those temporarily absent from work because of vacation, maternity leave, sickness, and so on (see Section 5.1.4.D). Figure 1. Work and Employment WORK Paid and unpaid activities to produce goods and provide services For own use For use by others For pay or profit Not for pay or profit Unpaid Other Volunteer Own-Use Employment Trainee Unpaid Work Work Work Work Activities Services Goods Services Goods Services Goods Services Goods Goods Services* Labeled Employment prior to 2013 * Direct volunteering (i.e., not through an organization) to provide services was outside the prior definition of employment. In addition to a set of core questions based on the above criteria, the inclusion of “recovery questions” may be effective in capturing work and even employment that could otherwise be missed. Persons engaged in small scale, casual, and/or unpaid activities may not consider this to be work, even if they are in fact contributing to the family’s income-generating activities. This underreporting has a greater impact on outcomes for women and youth due to their disproportionate engagement in such activities as well as social norms and gender biases on what constitutes work. An example of a recovery question for those that report not working in family farm activities is, “Last week, did [NAME] help growing crops in a household farm, raising livestock, fishing or foraging/ hunting for one or more hours?” B. Determining the employment status of those who work in household agricultural activities20 Employment status is determined based on the main intended destination of production. If the main intended destination of the output of the work done is for sale or barter, then the person is considered employed Employment status is based (for profit). If the main intended destination is for own or household on intended destination of produce/output use, then the activity is classified as own-use production work (and not 20 Household agricultural activities include crop farming, livestock, and fishing. 26  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS employment).21 To differentiate, the labor module must ask the intended use of own-production goods, for example “all for sale; mainly for sale; mainly for household use; only for household use”. It is important to remember that any person can be engaged in more than one activity simultaneously. Thus, own-use production farmers could be considered employed, based on other wage work activities. C. Employment/Job Details Once the employed household members have been identified, the following information should be collected for their main and (when applicable) secondary jobs: occupation, status in employment, industry sector, work time arrangements (i.e. actual, usual, and contractual hours), type of payments and income, characteristics of the enterprise, and time-related underemployment details. Evidence of work informality is obtained by asking information on the main job, such as contract type and duration, who the person works for, whether the firm is incorporated and/or registered with civil authorities, the type of work location, whether tax is deducted from pay, the number of employees (if a private firm), and the availability of various kinds of social protection benefits through their job (i.e. employer contributions to pension, paid annual or sick leave, and other benefits). D. Identification of those employed but not at work A specific set of questions is used to account for individuals who were not working during the reference period but have ongoing employment to return to and are thus still considered to be employed. This includes people who have employment to which they expect to return, for example after vacation, sick leave, or maternity leave; or people whose business is closed for repairs during the reference period. To correctly determine whether a specific worker can be classified as “employed but not at work (temporarily absent)”, the questionnaire needs to capture: reason for the absence; total duration of the absence; and whether any tasks or duties were performed during the absence. A person with a seasonal job cannot be considered “employed, not at work” during their off- season if they cease to perform all tasks and duties of the job. E. Identification of unemployed persons Unemployment is defined based on three criteria: 1) currently not employed, 2) seeking paid employment or seeking to start a business within a specific period (such as in the last four weeks or last month), and 3) available to be employed within a specified period (such as the next two weeks). “Future starters”, meaning those who have already found a job and are slated to start within the next 3 months (but have not yet started), are also classified as currently unemployed. 21 For example, if the household member farmed on a plot only dedicated to producing food for the household’s consumption, that person will be classified as working but not as employed. Broadly speaking, the differentiation pertains to subsistence versus commercial agricultural work. 5. QUESTIONNAIRE MODULES  27 F. Measures of labor underutilization To measure labor underutilization, a few key concepts must be considered when collecting data: labor force, time-related underemployment, potential labor force, and extended labor force (see Table 4). Table 4. Labor Underutilization Indicators Indicator Calculation summary persons in unemployment Unemployment rate labor force Combined rate of time-related (persons in time-related underemployment + persons in unemployment) underemployment and unemployment labor force Combined rate of unemployment (persons in unemployment + potential labor force) and potential labor force (extended labor force) (persons in time-related underemployment + Composite measure of persons in unemployment + potential labor force) labor underutilization (extended labor force) ICLS standards provide operational concepts, definitions, and guidelines for classifying the working- age population based on labor force status. The labor force is the total number of working-age persons actively engaged in the labor market, which includes both persons in employment and in unemployment. Time-related underemployment includes all persons in employment who satisfy the following three criteria: 1) want to increase their total paid hours of work either by desiring an additional job, changing their current job(s), increasing the hours of work in their current job(s), or a combination of the above; 2) are available to work additional hours within a specified period of time (such as the next two weeks); and 3) usually work less than a given threshold defined as working “full time” (specified according to national circumstances/definitions). The potential labor force includes not just unemployment, but all instances of inadequate absorption of labor, meaning persons with an “interest in employment,” divided into two mutually exclusive groups: • unavailable jobseekers – persons without employment who are seeking employment but are not available to work • available potential jobseekers – persons without employment who are not seeking employment but are available. The extended labor force is defined as the sum of the labor force plus the potential labor force. 28  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS A ques­tion may be needed to assess desire to work for those not seeking work, such as “If additional paid work was available, could [NAME] start working more hours within the next two weeks?” Othewise, the same questions are used to identify unemployed persons are used to identify the different labor force groups: job search activity, availability, and desire for work. 5.1.5 FOOD CONSUMPTION This section discusses recommendations for the design of food consumption modules in household surveys in low- and middle-income countries.22 Based on the contributions of a large community of experts, national statistical offices, and international organizations, the recommendations are summarized from guidelines endorsed by the UN Statistical Commission in 2018 and the LSMS guidebook, Food Data Collection in Household Consumption and Expenditure Surveys: Guidelines for Low- and Middle-Income Countries (FAO and World Bank, 2018). Level of Reporting and Respondent Food consumed at home is most often collected at the household level, with the respondent being the most knowledgeable household member, often the primary person responsible for the preparation of food for the household. Food away from home can be collected at both household and individual levels, but is best collected through individual-level interviews of adults. A proxy respondent can be used as needed to report meals away from home for children and unavailable adults. Surveys should use the same reference period for both food away from home and food consumed at home. Key Aspects of Measurement and Content The main recommendations of the UN guidelines are organized around key survey design features, including the use of non-standard units of measurement. Food consumption module - key design features Collect data using Data collection Food acquisition and Collect consumption Use non standard units a 7-day recall should ideally food consumption of specific food and conversion factors interview capture seasonality should be clearly items across a full to allow for more differentiated range of food groups accurate reporting 22 Food consumption data are used in the calculation of a wide range of indicators related to undernourishment prevalence, household expenditures (food budget share), and dietary diversity, among others. Food insecurity scales and specific consumption score indicators require separate, purposely designed modules. 5. QUESTIONNAIRE MODULES  29 Food Consumed at Home A. Recall versus diary and length of reference period It is highly recommended to use a recall interview with a seven-day recall period. Diary surveys, where respondents are responsible for recording their own food consumption over a period, require even more careful and continuous supervision and should not exceed 14 days. While a well-implemented diary is considered to be the most accurate way of collecting food consumption and expenditure data, there is ample evidence that in low-income settings with a prevalence of high illiteracy, diaries are often implemented as a series of short recall interviews. In such instances, data quality will be affected by mixing techniques (recall and diary), varying recall periods of the short interviews, respondent and enumerator fatigue, and unsustainable implementation costs. B. Seasonality and number of visits Data collection should be spread out to capture seasonal variation in food consumption and expenditure patterns.Two main approaches for achieving this are: at least two visits per household hold within a 12-month period, taking into account agricultural seasonality; or one visit per house­ with the sample spread over a 12-month period. C. Acquisition and consumption Data should be collected on the main modes of acquisition (food purchases, own production, and food received as gifts), and it should be made clear to respondents, enumerators, and data users whether the survey is collecting data on food expenditures, food consumption, or both. D. List of food items for recall surveys Data should be collected on all types of foods and beverages that make up a country’s diet.These lists should be updated before each survey, taking into account changes in dietary habits and that some products that account for minimal budget shares can have nutritional values of interest (e.g. meeting certain nutrition requirements or being key in household rankings). General guiding principles include: • Detailed food lists to accurately capture the total quantity of food consumed • Food consumption/expenditure analysis should include only food (no other commodities) • Processed foods need to be adequately represented • All food groups (vegetables, fruits, grains, meats, etc.) need to be represented with specific items (carrots, mangos, rice, chicken, etc.) • Food consumption should not be reported in broad categories (such as “fish” or “vegetables”). Instead, for each basic food group, list the most common items and add an “other” category as needed. Items from subsidized programs, food fortification programs, and micronutrient rich foods should be listed individually (Beegle et al., 2010). 30  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS Box 4. Measuring Food Consumption with NSUs Food quantities can be reported in a variety of ways, including metric or standard units (kilograms or liters) and non-standard local units (piles of onions, baskets of tomatoes, or bunches of bananas). To ensure the availability of valid conversion factors for the NSUs reported, additional preparation and implementation details are necessary. Allowing NSU reporting – and properly collecting and thoroughly documenting NSUs – can ensure more accurate respondent estimates. The Library: data and materials needed for NSUs that must be compiled prior to the start of regular fieldwork • List of valid NSU item-unit combinations commonly used in the country/region of the survey (rice-pail, rice-cup, egg-piece, banana-bunch, etc.) • National and, if needed, regional standard-unit conversion factors for all NSUs • Strongly recommended:A photo reference guide of the most common NSUs that can be shown to respondents to help standardize the NSUs • Clear protocols and training materials for collecting and using reference photos • Documentation on how conversion factors were collected and should be used Market Survey: preparing to use NSUs Any existing materials for the NSU library should be updated for accuracy, to reflect changes in consumption preferences and purchasing options over time, or to recalculate any data that has insufficient documentation. To create the new/updated library, a market survey should be conducted prior to the household survey. The list of valid NSU item-unit combinations becomes the questionnaire for the market survey, where weights and photographs of all valid combinations are collected. Main Survey: properly implementing NSUs The list of allowable NSUs should be programmed into the main survey, limiting responses to only valid options. Use the photo reference guide to help standardize the reported NSUs. Record originally-reported units and quantities; neither respondents nor enumerators should be required to convert quantities into standard units in-situ. Instead, CAPI can be used to apply conversions during on-site data validation checks, upload conversion factors as reference tables, and program in-situ checks for invalid and unlikely values by computing item rankings by consumption quantities, reasonable per person calorie intakes overall or per item, and so on. For more detailed implementation instructions, see the LSMS guidebook, The Use of Non-Standard Units for the Collection of Food Quantity (Oseni et al., 2017). E. Use of non-standard units of measurement (NSUs) Allowing respondents to report in non-standard units (piece, cup, bottle, etc.) with which they are most familiar can improve the accuracy of food consumption data. Establishing standardized conversion factors for all NSU quantities at the national and, if needed, sub-regional levels ensures data reliability and allows for the aggregation and comparison of consumption data.23 See Box 4 23 Requiringrespondents to report only in standard units, especially when they may be more familiar with NSUs for a particular item, involves multiple steps of cognitive and memory recall that could impose a greater cognitive burden on the respondent, therefore creating greater opportunity for measurement errors. 5. QUESTIONNAIRE MODULES  31 for an overview of NSU use. For more detailed implementation instructions, see the LSMS guidebook, The Use of Non-Standard Units for the Collection of Food Quantity (Oseni et al., 2017). Food away from home The importance of food away from home warrants the design of a separate module. Clear protocols will need to be established for potentially ambiguous categories of food, such as “food prepared at home and consumed outside” and “food prepared outside and consumed at home” (take-out food). One option is to integrate the latter into the food-at-home module, and the former into either food at home or food away from home (consistent across all households). Data collection should be organized around meal events to assist respondents in their recall.The meal events list should be adapted to the local context and include, for example, breakfast, lunch, dinner, solid snacks, and drinks. Surveys should also collect the monetary value of each meal. 5.1.6 HOUSING Housing modules typically gather information on housing characteristics including access to electricity, drinking water source, type of dwelling, sanitation and toilet facilities, fuel types, and number of rooms.Related housing expenditures are also collected for inclusion in the consumption aggregate. Level of Reporting and Respondent Housing information is collected at the household level and the respondent should be the household member most knowledgeable about the ownership of the dwelling and use of facilities. Key Aspects of Measurement and Content Below are the main categories of data that should be collected in a housing module. Information is country-specific, so the list of responses should be developed through in-country piloting, while also taking into consideration internationally established categories and definitions for each feature. A. Dwelling and Utilities Table 5 highlights the key items to consider when collecting data on dwellings and utilities. B.Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) WASH questions allow for the assessment of drinking water, other water used by the household, sanitation facilities, and basic hygiene measures. For water and sanitation components, not only should type/source be captured, but also quality, access, and availability. Data should be collected on features generally used by household members, even if they are off-premises (as in, not part of the dwelling). Table 6 highlights characteristics that should be captured as part of a standard housing module or as its own WASH module. Surveys interested in greater detail can add objective measurements to the self-reported data, such as enumerator observations of WASH features 32  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS Table 5. Dwelling Characteristics Feature Details • Type and age of dwelling, main construction materials, size of structure by Housing area and number of rooms Characteristics • Additional questions, such as expenditures on maintenance and repairs, may also be included • Determine whether the people living in the dwelling have the right to live Property Rights there and the type of rights they have and Tenure • Details on property rights categorized as owning versus renting, informal versus formal/secure tenure, and public/social versus private ownership • Sales value or rental price of the dwelling, whether actual or hypothetical Rental/ Sales Price • Type, access/reliability, use, and expenditures on major utilities Household • Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) details (see Table 6) utilities • Energy Access and Attributes (see Box 5) Table 6. Characteristics for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Feature Details • Source type (possibly for both high and low seasons), treatment (measures to make it safe, if any), accessibility/distance (where it is located, how long does it take for Drinking water household members to get there), availability (can the household obtain drinking water from the source when needed), all of which can vary by season Other water • Source type, accessibility, availability • Type of facility, accessibility, exclusivity (whether it is shared with non-household Sanitation members), facility disposal (method, frequency) Hygiene • Hand washing facility – access and attributes (running water, type of washing agent) (especially hand washing facilities) or quality testing of drinking water. For further information on collecting and using WASH data, refer to the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and WHO’s guidelines, Core questions on drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene for household surveys: 2018 update (UNICEF & WHO, 2018). C. Energy Access – Attributes for Electricity and Cooking Household surveys collect information on two components of energy access – energy sup- ply and cooking facilities. The data usually collected provides a basic understanding of energy access through primarily binary metrics (whether the household has an electrical connection, if electricity is used for lighting, type of fuel for cooking). Since a more detailed understanding 5. QUESTIONNAIRE MODULES  33 is now recommended for poverty analysis, a Box 5. MTF Attributes for Energy Access multi-tier framework (MTF) was created for Household energy access is evaluated based on each component. multi-tiered framework (MTF) attributes across two components: energy supply and cooking facilities. Both MTFs go beyond basic measures of access by establishing a set of attributes (Box 5) and classifying each attribute into tiers. For each component (energy supply and cooking facil- ATTRIBUTES FOR ATTRIBUTES FOR ities) the household is assigned an overall ENERGY SUPPLY: COOKING FACILITIES: classification tier equivalent to the lowest tier • Capacity • Cooking exposure among its attributes.24 These overall tiers can • Availability • Efficiency then be averaged over the population or sub- • Reliability • Convenience populations of interest. • Quality • Affordability • Legality/formality • Safety For further information on these indicators, • Affordability • Fuel availability refer to the LSMS guidebook, Measuring Energy • Health & Safety Access: A Guide to Collecting Data Using ‘The Core Questions on Household Energy Use’ (2021). 5.1.7 LAND TENURE SECURITY Land tenure security refers to how secure people are (actual and perceived) across three types of land rights: use, control, and transfers. More information on this topic can be found in the LSMS guidebook, Measuring Individuals’ Rights to Land: An Integrated Approach to Data Collection for SDG Indicators 1.4.2 and 5.a.1 (FAO, World Bank, and UN-Habitat, 2018). Level of Reporting and Respondent Land tenure details can be reported at the parcel level25 (list all parcels, then for each parcel, record each individual with tenure rights) or the individual level (list all the household members, then ask whether they have tenure rights on any parcels). Regardless of the level, the information can be self-reported or reported by proxy. When reporting tenure rights at the parcel level, questionnaires should collect household member IDs and allow for all household members with rights to be listed. 24 For example, at the lower end of the tier structure for energy supply (electricity), a dwelling would only be able to run lamps or fans. At the higher end of the tier structure, power would be available to the dwelling with few interruptions, allowing for the household to run multiple high energy appliances simultaneously. 25 For the definition of parcel, see Section 5.2 Agriculture Modules, Box 6. 34  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS Key Aspects of Measurement and Content Land tenure security Differences in tenure systems, institutional efficiency and acces- sibility, and intra-household dynamics can impact the security of land tenure. As such, questions on multiple aspects of land tenure security are needed. Documentation A. Documentation helps determine legal Legally recognized documentation for a given parcel of land that ownership include an individual’s name as an owner or use-rights holder provides tenure security. The individual can present this docu- ment to a court of law or other authority to prove their rights to the land. Alienation rights include ability to sell/ B. Alienation rights bequeath land A proxy indicator of tenure security is the presence of alienation rights, such as an individual’s right to sell and/or bequeath a given parcel of land. These proxies can be particularly useful for understanding tenure security in contexts where the penetration of legally-recognized documentation is low, where land-related or Perceptions of tenure security also legal institutions are inaccessible, or where traditional/informal land provide insights tenure is prevalent. C. Perception of tenure security An individual’s perception of land tenure security can be an illustrative proxy, particularly where legally-recognized documentation is rare and/or trust in institutions is low. Perceptions of tenure security, regardless of the presence of documentation, may also differ across genders (Deininger, et al., 2021). To assess tenure security perceptions, SDG guidelines recommend asking individual household members to rate the likelihood of involuntarily losing access, ownership, or rights to the parcel of land in the next five years. 5.2 AGRICULTURE MODULES Agriculture modules should include information on crops and livestock, as well as forestry and fishing sectors when appropriate. The intended purpose of the survey will determine how much detail should be collected for each sector.26 26 In countries where household-level agriculture is not a large sector, pertinent information for households that do participate in the agricultural sector may be collected as part of other sections. The same applies for livestock, forestry, and fishing 5. QUESTIONNAIRE MODULES  35 5.2.1 LAND AREA MEASUREMENT Land area estimates and utilization type (rented out, cultivated, pasture, fallow, etc.) should be collected for all plots to which the household has access, regardless of tenure status. This subsection is summarized from the LSMS guidebook, Land Area Measurement in Household Surveys (Carletto et al., 2016). Level of Reporting and Respondent Land area estimates should be collected or reported at the plot level (see Box 6). Land area measurements are most important for cultivated plots, but may be useful for other utilization types as well. Box 6. Definitions for Parcel and Plot Land-related data in household surveys are typically collected at the parcel or plot level. In some contexts, the two terms are used interchangeably, with the survey asking about land at one level of division. For very detailed agriculture modules, data may be collected at two levels - both parcel and plot. While the detailed specifications of each may vary by country, they generally conform to the following definitions:* • A parcel is any piece of land under one land tenure type entirely surrounded by other land, water, road, forest, or other features not forming part of the holding, or forming part of the holding under a different land tenure type. • A plot is a part of a parcel under one utilization category. A parcel may consist of one or more plots. Example: A household owns two parcels. One is used only for growing corn inter-cropped with beans, thus it contains only one mixed-crop plot. The other parcel is split into three plots: one for growing only corn, one for animal grazing, and another rented out to a neighbor. *Definition of terms adapted from FAO (2017). Key Aspects of Measurement and Content Household surveys use three main methods for the measurement of land area: self-reported land area, Global Position System (GPS)-based measurement, and compass-and-rope. • Self-reported land area. Self-reporting by the respondent is by far the most common means of collecting land area data in household surveys, because it is inexpensive and fast. However, methodological research has raised concerns regarding the method’s accuracy as well as the likelihood that resulting data will include systematic biases (Carletto et al., 2013; De Groote & Traoré, 2005). When collecting self-reported land measurements, it is important to allow respondents to report areas using non-standard units and to establish corresponding conversion factors. 36  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS • GPS-based measurement. Measuring land area with portable GPS devices has become increasingly popular among survey practitioners. Compared to self-reporting, this method is more time intensive but also more accurate, while still being relatively cheap. Two main concerns with this method are that survey staff may not be able to access all plots for measurement (distance from the dwelling to the plot, lack of road, security issues, etc.), and the accuracy of measurements on very small plots may be less reliable. • Compass-and-rope (traversing). This method is considered the most accurate method of measuring land area. However, it is significantly more time consuming than either self- reporting or GPS-based measurement. Based on the options listed above, the recommended practice is to use GPS measurement on all accessible plots, complemented with self-reported estimates. Collecting self-reported plot sizes alongside GPS measurements enables the imputation of improved area estimates for plots where GPS measurements are missing (Kilic et al., 2017a; Kilic et al., 2017b). 5.2.2 CROP PRODUCTION Crop production data is collected for all plots cultivated by the household. Collecting household agriculture data at the plot level, Data collection levels instead of at the level of the household farm as a whole, represents a shift in household survey guidance over the past decade. Based on field experience and research, it has become apparent that collecting details at the plot level is important, as managers and Plot level: decision makers can vary across household plots. Data on inputs Level of Reporting and Respondent Crop data is collected at three different reporting levels: plot (inputs), plot-crop (production), and crop (disposition). The respondent for each plot should be the manager or owner of that parcel. When this is not possible, the respondent should be Plot-crop level: Production data the household member most informed about the agricultural activities of the household. Key Aspects of Measurement and Content A. Timing and reference period It is recommended that the questionnaire cover an entire Crop level: Disposition details agricultural season so as to collect inputs, outputs, and crop disposition. For surveys with only one interview per household, 5. QUESTIONNAIRE MODULES  37 the survey should ideally be conducted shortly after the harvest of the main agricultural season.27 For more intensive agriculture surveys that are conducted over multiple interview periods, the first interview should be conducted shortly after planting (for inputs and planting details), and the second interview should be conducted after harvest (for quantities and disposition). B. Crop inputs Crop input information should be collected at the plot level. For a full cost accounting of agriculture inputs, land productivity, and agricultural income, the quantities and costs of every input should be collected. Non-labor inputs include fertilizers, pesticides, seeds, and so on. Some land features may also be collected together with inputs, such as irrigation, land slope, or soil type and quality. Information should be collected on the non-labor inputs that are of greatest relevance to the country or survey context. C. Types of crops and harvest Information on agricultural practices (mono-culture or inter-cropped), area harvested, pre- harvest losses, and harvested quantities should be collected at the plot-crop level, meaning for each of the crops grown on each plot. This allows matching of inputs and harvest quantities to individual crops. To evaluate tree crop yields, a few tree-specific questions are recommended, particularly the number of trees per parcel and year planted. In countries where tree-based crops are an important agriculture component, consider adding additional questions or a separate dedicated module. For further guidance, see the LSMS guidebook, Trees on Farms: Measuring Their Contribution to Household Welfare (Miller et al., 2019). D. Crop disposition Information on sales, household consumption, and other uses of the crops harvested (in-kind payments, post-harvest loss, etc.) during the reference period should be collected at the crop level, meaning the combined harvest across all parcels for each crop. 5.2.3 AGRICULTURAL LABOR Collecting agricultural labor details enables more accurate analysis of agricultural productivity at the plot level. The following recommendations are summarized from the LSMS guide­ book, Collect agricultural labor Measuring Agricultural Labor: A Guidebook for Designing Household Surveys details to analyze (Sagesaka et al., 2021). agricultural productivity 27 Forsurveys that are not spread across 12 months, conducting agricultural interviews shortly after the main harvest season provides a shorter recall period for respondents to consider. While some countries may have multiple harvest seasons throughout the year, the main harvest season usually refers to the harvest season of the main staple and/or cash crop. 38  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS Level of Reporting and Respondent Agricultural labor data is collected at the plot level for household members as well as for hired and free/exchange workers. Table 7 shows the information to be collected from each labor type. The respondent for this module should be the person who makes decisions concerning the plot. Key Aspects of Measurement and Content A.Timing and reference period The timing and the reference period for agricultural labor should be aligned with the reference period for the related crop modules (see above). B. Activity level: disaggregated or aggregated information Labor information could be collected either by combining all activities (all work done on the farm/plot throughout the reference period) or by reporting each activity separately (work done preparing the land, planting, weeding, harvesting, and so on). Although data collected at the disaggregated activity level may seem desirable, it runs the risk of being less accurate, as respondents who are not accustomed to tracking time use at this disaggregated level might report the total of their labor hours across all activities for each activity, leading to duplication. Collecting data at the aggregated activity level is faster and may reduce duplication risks. Table 7. Collecting Agricultural Labor Data Labor Type Information Collected (Plot Level) Household • Each member of the household that worked on the plot • Number of days and typical number of hours worked on the plot during the reference period, irrespective of specific activities performed by the person • For more detailed agriculture surveys, ask about the specific activities performed on the plot for the specified days and hours • Probe for marginal workers, such as reminding the respondent to include all household members, even if they only worked one hour over the week, will help capture more accurate total farm labor, including workers that are more likely to be “forgotten” Hired • Information at the person-type-plot level, where person-type could be defined by gender or age cohort (e.g. totals for all adult men that worked on the plot, all adult women and children) • Number of each person-type hired throughout the reference period, and number of days and typical number of hours that each person-type worked on the plot • Wages paid per day to each person-type, including in-kind payments. The wage rate also helps to impute the cost of household and exchange labor • For more detailed agriculture surveys, ask about disaggregated activities performed by each person-type on the plot Exchange • Information at the person-type level for non-household members that worked on the plot without pay • Use the same design as hired labor, except that no wage information is captured 5. QUESTIONNAIRE MODULES  39 5.2.4 LIVESTOCK This subsection is summarized from the LSMS guidebook, Measuring the Role of Livestock in the Household Economy (Zezza et al., 2016). Level of Reporting and Respondent Livestock data is collected at two levels: animal-type such as cows, sheep, chickens, and livestock-type such as large ruminants or small ruminants. Table 8 illustrates when each level of reporting/aggregation should be used. The respondent should be the household member most knowledgeable about the household’s livestock activities. Table 8. Contents of a Detailed Livestock Module Livestock Data Livestock Type Poultry Small Ruminants Large Ruminants Animal Type Data domain Sections/Topics Level of questions Animal type. Can be further disaggregated by sex, maturity Livestock • Number of animals level (e.g. cow or calf), and breed to help understand herd ownership • Change in stock structure and inter-species composition • Breeding • Feeding Inputs and Livestock type (e.g. large ruminants, small ruminants, pigs, • Watering husbandry practices poultry/birds, equines, other) • Animal health • Housing • Egg production Monetary and • Milk production Livestock type. Include both the monetary and non- non-monetary outputs • Animal power monetary value of production • Dung 40  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS Key Aspects of Measurement and Content A.Timing and Reference Period Three main domains of livestock data are summarized in Table 8 and described further below. The reference period varies by livestock type and data domain – normally 12 months for larger animals and 3 months for smaller animals that have shorter productive, reproductive, and commercial cycles. B. Livestock ownership It is important to distinguish different household member roles in relation to livestock: ownership, management, and control of earnings may be distinct roles. In many countries, for example, it is common for herders to manage livestock on behalf of others, with or without payment. Each role should be reported separately using household member IDs and allowing for at least two respondents per role. For larger animals, data should be collected on changes in herd size as well as the reasons for those changes. Changes include animal births, deaths, sales, slaughters, purchases, and gifts made or received. C. Inputs and husbandry practices A major determinant of livestock productivity in the household sector is the availability of quality inputs such as feed, grazing space, water, animal health and extension services, and housing.When country or survey context warrants detailed livestock productivity analysis, this Information should be included in a livestock module.To capture seasonal differences, the feeding and watering questions (including the main source of water) could be asked for two seasons (e.g. wet and dry). For a complete income-expenditure analysis of household livestock, data would also need to be collected on animal health (by animal types), including questions on vaccinations, treatments against internal and external parasites, curative treatments, and the monetary outlays associated with these interventions. D. Products, services, and income from livestock The diversity of benefits from livestock should be captured by including detailed questions on their food products (meat, milk, and eggs), non-food products (dung for fertilizing plots, construction material, and fuel), and services (transport and draft power). For products that are produced continuously over the year, such as milk, a 12-month recall period can be used for most animals. A three-month recall period should be used for poultry products (i.e. eggs), given that clutching (egg production) periods are usually only a few weeks long. To collect information on the use of animals for transport and draft power, include questions on whether and how the household uses different types of animals for such services, as well as whether these services were sold to other users. 5. QUESTIONNAIRE MODULES  41 5.2.5 FORESTRY Forests can provide important provisions, support, and cultural services for households and communities. This subsection is summarized from the LSMS guidebook, National Socioeconomic Surveys in Forestry (FAO et al., 2016). Level of Reporting and Respondent Forestry-specific information is usually collected at the household level. The respondent should be the household member most familiar with the forestry activities (collection of forest materials, processing of forest products, and so on). Key Aspects of Measurement and Content Forestry data can be collected with forestry-specific modules, forestry-related questions added to other modules (such as housing, food security, etc.), and/or forest-related answer options added to questions (such as coping methods, among others). Forestry questions should collect data in the following areas: • Employment or own-use labor in collecting, foraging Options for data collection and processing of forest products • Income earned and input costs from processed and unprocessed forest products • Consumption of forest goods (processed and unprocessed), including food • Income and/or benefits from forest-related services Dedicated forestry module(s) • Forest-related assets • Contribution of forests to household energy use • Contributions of and expenditures on forest-derived medicinal plants for household health • The use of forest and wild products for energy and construction, as well as fodder for livestock • Forest-related support received by communities Forestry-related questions in other modules • Reliance on forest products during food shortages (i.e. forest contributions to food security) or economic shocks • Governance of forests (rules and regulations on the use of forest and forest land) and governance mechanisms of forests (centralized government, decentralized forest Forestry-related answer management, or outright devolution of ownership to options in some questions local governments or communities). 42  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS 5.3 SPECIAL-FOCUS MODULES Based on the data needs of the country or survey, the following special-focus modules can be included in a household survey. 5.3.1 MIGRATION Migration modules capture information on the determinants of migration decisions as well as the migrants’ displacement experience by interviewing migrant families and individuals in their host countries or communities. Given the sensitivity of the topic in many countries, the nature of the questions should be thoroughly explained to ensure that the respondent feels comfortable in responding. This section draws from the LSMS guidebook, Improving the Measurement and Policy Relevance of Migration Information in Multi-Topic Household Surveys (de Brauw and Carletto, 2012) and the recent Migration and Refugee Survey in the European Union (Abdel et al., 2018). Level of Reporting and Respondent Information on migration is collected at the individual level and/or family-unit level.When collected at the individual level, each migrant should report their own personal information. In cases where the migrant is below 18 years of age, the interview should be conducted in the presence of an adult relative. When information is collected at the family-unit level, the respondent should be the most informed member of the family unit. Key Aspects of Measurement and Content The following migration-related details should be collected. When collecting migration data as part of a multi-topic household survey, some of this information may already be collected in other modules; thus, migration-related questions should be considered and appropriately integrated across all modules. A. Demographic and socioeconomic details • Birthplace • Location 5 years ago • Information regarding the last permanent residence, such as: -- Urban/rural -- Marital status -- Partner/children location – now and 5 years ago Collect data around key aspects of individuals -- Family structure in the country of origin, and/or in host countries -- Dwellings and assets, which should include the material assets both currently owned by the migrant and previously owned and sold before departure 5. QUESTIONNAIRE MODULES  43 B. Migration journey • Starting point, reasons for leaving, total amount spent on the journey, and information about potential travel companions • Specific questions about each transit point during the journey • Questions regarding whether the migrant had the required Collect key legal documentation for migration geographical information C. Social networks, mental health, and aspirations • Socialization details such as religion, family at home, acquaintances in host countries/ communities, and in the reception center • Mental health issues such as anxiety or depression • Future plans and aspirations for children D. Human capital • Language proficiency • Employment history 5.3.2 CONFLICT EXPOSURE Conflict exposure refers to external violent events faced by an individual, household, or community. It includes war, civil unrest, and insurgencies and excludes domestic violence.Each person may experience conflict differently, leading to different types of conflict exposure even within the same village Conflict exposure: privacy is paramount for the physical or family. Conflict exposure also varies by gender, political view, and/or safety and emotional well- socioeconomic status.A thorough analysis of conflict exposure includes both being of the respondents whether a respondent was impacted as well as the severity of the impact. This module addresses sensitive issues which may evoke traumatic memories about suffering, remorse, victimization, or guilt. Answering some of these questions may also risk incriminating or compromising a respondent. Conflict modules should avoid posing questions that could threaten the security of respondents and interviewers. When including this module, privacy is paramount. This section summarizes the Conflict Exposure Questionnaire Model and related guidance from the LSMS guidebook, Measuring Conflict Exposure in Micro-Level Surveys (Brück et al., 2013). Level of Reporting and Respondent Conflict information should be collected at the individual, household, and community levels. Key Aspects of Measurement and Content It is important to have a clear understanding of the specific conflict relevant to the household survey in question.The module should be made comprehensive by including conflict questions in multiple survey sections and including a range of conflict-related answer options. Additionally, the timing, reference period, and impact of conflict should all be carefully considered. 44  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS A.Timing and reference period There are three main approaches to timing: administering the module while the conflict is ongoing, administering the module ex-post by asking respondents to assess before and after conditions, or conducting multiple interviews across different periods of the conflict (panel data). If the violent conflict is still ongoing at the time of the survey, a 12-month reference period is recommended to elicit information on the short-term effects of violent conflict on individuals and households. However, the reference period should be established to correspond to the dynamics of a specific conflict. If a major conflict event significantly impacted respondents just over 12 months before the survey, it is advisable to refer to the conflict event specifically (with prompts such as “since your village was attacked”, “since the beginning of the conflict”, or “since armed fighting ceased in your area”). Surveys cannot always be conducted during or immediately after conflict events. When conducting a survey after a conflict, issues of temporal comparison should be addressed by asking respondents to recall and compare their living standards before and after the conflict.This can be done by using phrases such as “before the conflict” or “since the start of the conflict”. B. Impact of conflict To comprehensively identify the main direct and indirect channels through which conflict may impact individual and household welfare and behavior outcomes, data collection should include: • changes in household composition • changes in economic welfare, including changes in income, assets, and food consumption • changes in household activities, including coping strategies • changes in health and nutrition outcomes • displacement • education • perceptions of security, life satisfaction, and expectations of the future. A great deal of information regarding the impact of conflict on individuals and households can be gathered through the simple inclusion of additional response options to questions normally found in other modules of a household survey. For example, most surveys ask the reason why a new member joined a household. Effects of conflict can be captured by adding answer options that specifically reference conflict-related scenarios, such as changes in security, employment opportunities, discrimination, loss of family, and the experience of violence. When collecting information on reasons for school absence, conflict-related answer options could include displacement, security and harassment, travel to difficult or unsafe areas, and so on. 45 6. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Household Surveys This section reviews the potential integration of GIS data and methods in all phases of survey implementation, from planning and design to implementation, post-processing, and dissemination. 6.1 THE PRIMARY SAMPLING UNIT Administrative boundaries are a fundamental GIS layer required for implementing, analyzing, and visualizing the results of household surveys. The smallest spatial unit is the census enumeration area (EA), which is commonly used as the primary sampling unit for household surveys (see Section 3.3 on Sampling Design). However, EA-based sampling frames may become outdated if there has been a long gap between censuses in a given country. During such a gap, many factors can affect EA characteristics – such as natural hazards, conflicts, or other socioeconom­ ic factors – which could lead to significant displacement of households. In rapidly growing peri- urban areas, for instance, the population of an enumeration area can double in size in just a few years. Incorrect measures of the size of sampling units can lead to inefficiencies in the sample design and complications in field work. GIS offers several ways to improve, maintain, or even redefine sampling frames between censuses. Further research is needed to assess the advantages and limitations associated with the use of new spatial datasets and methods for survey sampling. GIS offers several ways to improve, maintain, or even One approach is using administrative boundaries combined with redefine sampling frames between censuses datasets of streets, building footprints, waterways, and other landscape features to create digital enumeration boundaries while dramatically reducing data processing time. In the place of manual digitization, automated routines can be used to produce sampling units that are logical, respect administrative boundaries and other physical barriers, and are identifiable by enumerators on the ground. Another option is to use current high-resolution image basemaps to update existing boundaries based on current ground conditions. Image basemaps provide more information about the sample frame while also helping simplify survey tasks such as sample validation, parcel delineation and measurement, the identification of missed households, clusters or new 46  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS construction, and other types of data collection.This method can inform logistics both in advance of fieldwork and during survey implementation, particularly when combined with computer- assisted personal interview (CAPI) platforms that allow for the incorporation of imagery. Finally, a grid-based approach combined with high resolution population maps may be suitable in cases where digital enumeration areas do not exist. When a grid is used, sampling units are composed of cells, and size is estimated using current high-resolution spatial datasets of the population distribution.28 6.2 GEO-REFERENCING GPS units and GPS-enabled tablets (for CAPI) are used in household survey data collection to geo-reference dwellings, communities, agricultural parcel/plot locations, and other locations directly associated with survey content. The objects of GPS data collection may be points (household dwelling, plot corner point), lines (paths, routes, tracks), or polygons (fields, parcels, compounds). Depending on the type of survey, data collection may include additional community-level places of interest such as markets, water sources, and the location of health clinics, schools, or other facilities. This type of data collection facilitates integration with a wide range of spatial datasets. When collecting geo-referenced data, the choice of device and data entry method should consider the accuracy, cost, and complexity of fieldwork. In general, hand-held mapping-grade GPS devices have greater accuracy than tablets but are not as easily integrated into the data collection instrument. GPS devices are also more expensive. Regarding data entry, automation is preferred, as it avoids errors common to manual data entry (such as typos and missing or incorrect information regarding coordinate reference system and units associated with GPS device settings) that can invalidate collected data. When planning for GPS data collection, it is extremely important to notify respondents of the terms of use and obtain their consent accordingly. GPS data is considered confidential because it can be used to uniquely identify the household. The EU General Data Protection Regulation (European Parliament and Council of European Union, 2016) includes location data in its definition of personal data and holds collectors of such data to high standards in data protection and security. When releasing GPS data, coordinates should be modified through aggregation and/or offsetting to ensure confidentiality. Modified community-level coordinates typically provide more precise information on location than larger administrative levels, such as regions or districts, while still avoiding positive identification of communities or individual households.29 28 WorldPop,Landscan, GHSL, among others. 29 Onewell-documented coordinate-masking strategy is the method developed for the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) program funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). 47 7. Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) Computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) is a method of in-person interviewing where an electronic device such as a tablet, smart phone, or computer is used during the household interview to simultaneously display interview questions and record responses. 7.1 CONSIDERATIONS FOR USING CAPI A. Benefits of CAPI When using CAPI instead of PAPI (paper and pencil interviewing), data is available faster, as data is entered during the interview rather than in a separate subsequent stage. Data quality controls are similarly incorporated into the interview process itself, increasing the likelihood of more accurate data. Interviews can be made more efficient by programming questionnaire flow instructions (such as skip patterns and enabling conditions) into the interview software, minimizing the likelihood of enumerator error and ensuring accurate administration of the questionnaire. With electronic survey instruments, interviewers can also capture additional types of data more easily. Pictures, bar codes, and audio recordings can be captured through built-in devices (camera, microphone), while GPS measurements captured directly from the device minimize transcription errors. B. Constraints to using CAPI In addition to the usual survey preparations, CAPI requires specific activities be completed in advance of enumerator training, such as software design and thorough testing of the questionnaire, resulting in a longer survey preparation period. However, some of this additional upfront time is for data entry and data cleaning tasks that would be required at later points in a traditional PAPI survey (such as flagging invalid responses, ensuring correct skip patterns, and so on), thus saving time further down the project timeline. CAPI has the potential to save money in the long run by eliminating data entry, reducing printing costs, and eliminating fuel for transporting completed questionnaires from the field to the head office. However, it has potentially higher upfront costs, given the necessary initial investments in hardware and capacity. 48  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS C. How to select a CAPI software There are different types of CAPI software, such as Survey Solutions, CSPro, Open Data Kit (Survey CTO and KoBoToolbox), Surveybe, and Blaise. Box 7 summarizes the main points of Survey Solutions, the free CAPI software created by the World Bank. When choosing the CAPI software that best meets the needs and the available resources for a given survey, several attributes should be considered: ease of use, data capture capabilities, data quality controls, data and survey management features, procurement details, and technical specifications for the CAPI hardware.30 D. CAPI by telephone (CATI) The use of Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviews (CATI) has increased significantly in recent years. Although CATI may be a less expensive or more accessible alternative to face-to-face interviews (PAPI or CAPI), it requires survey design and methodology adaptions. Considerations to evaluate include increased rates of proxy respondents,31 questionnaire complexity, the impact of cell phone ownership rates on sampling frameworks, and infrastructure needs, among others (Dillon 2012, Gourlay 2021).With regard to data entry and quality assurance, CATI has the same benefits of CAPI face-to-face interviews. 7.2 PREPARING A CAPI QUESTIONNAIRE The CAPI application itself serves as the questionnaire that interviewers will use in the field. Allocating sufficient time to programming, reviewing, and testing the questionnaire is essential to the success of the survey. The following steps should be considered. A. Develop the CAPI questionnaire The CAPI questionnaire should not be programmed until the survey design and content are finalized. To determine the best programming design for the project, the programmer will need to coordinate with the survey design team. Desktop testing of the questionnaire instrument will require input from the survey design and implementation teams as well as the CAPI developers. B. Define data quality checks Data quality controls (validations) built into the CAPI questionnaire improve data quality by flagging issues during the interview, such as outliers, inconsistencies, and impossible values. This entails defining validation parameters and testing to ensure that all programmed validations work as intended. The programmer depends on input from the survey design and implementation teams for defining these checks and validations. 30 For a more comprehensive review of several CAPI software packages, see Shaw et al. (2011). 31 See Chapter 4 for more on proxy respondents 7. COMPUTER-ASSISTED PERSONAL INTERVIEWING (CAPI)  49 C. Test extensively The CAPI questionnaire must be extensively tested to ensure it performs as intended, is efficient, and is easy to navigate. System testing is done by completing questionnaires from beginning to end to ensure that the application and all features perform correctly. Next, a pre-test of interviews with respondents should be conducted, as some flaws may only be discoverable through the actual interview process. 7.3 TRAINING REQUIREMENTS FOR CAPI Beyond the broadwer training required to plan and implement a household survey, CAPI- specific trainings should target three different and separate audiences, to ensure that each group learns the tools specific to performing their role. A. Interviewer training Interviewers should be trained on both the content of the questionnaire and the use of the CAPI application and equipment. Ample training on the CAPI questionnaire is recommended to ensure adequate familiarity with the devices, the software, and the questionnaire content. Sufficient time should be allotted to hands-on practice with the CAPI instrument, including self- completed questionnaires and/or mock interviews, and one day of field practice at minimum. B. Supervisor training Some CAPI software (such as Survey Solutions) have built-in supervisory capabilities. When this is the case, supervisors should be properly trained on software features that allow them to effectively monitor the progress and quality of their team’s work. Supervisors should also be trained in conducting interviews with CAPI, to ensure they are properly prepared to help interviewers deal with potential issues in the field. C. Manager training The CAPI managers should be trained to create survey assignments, monitor progress, and assess data quality. To troubleshoot potential data collection problems effectively, managers must also have a reasonable understanding of interviewer and supervisor tools. Each group must also learn the CAPI/CATI tools of downstream groups Interviewer tool Supervisor tool Manager tool Interviewers Supervisors Managers 50  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS 7.4 TROUBLESHOOTING CAPI Even the most well-designed CAPI surveys will inevitably need troubleshooting. A troubleshooting guide that lists issues and outlines steps that can be taken to resolve issues should be created and shared with all survey staff. This guide should be updated with past issues and their resolutions. Surveys using CAPI will also require clear protocols on how and when issues from the field are relayed to headquarters. Box 7. Main Functionality of Survey Solutions (SuSo) • Survey management. While most CAPI software products focus solely on data capture, SuSo also offers survey management. Prior to data collection, the software allows roles to be assigned, such as interviewer, supervisor, or survey manager, and dictates which survey instruments are used. During data collection, the software provides an overview of survey operations and detailed reports on interviewer performance, hard- ware health, and data quality checks. • Multi-mode and mixed-mode capabilities. SuSo offers capabilities for multiple data collection modes, whether for different surveys or within the same survey. This means CAPI, computer-assisted web interview- ing (CAWI), and computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) models can all be used within the same questionnaire and survey management system. • GIS capabilities. In addition to capturing traditional survey data, SuSo also allows users to capture GIS data. Using satellite imagery, SuSo can capture geographical features offline, such as individual points, multiple points, paths, and shapes. • Ease of use. SuSo is user-friendly and does not require advanced technical skills. • Flexibility. SuSo provides users with choices on how to implement and monitor their surveys. SuSo provides tools for creating custom workflows, extending data quality monitoring, and creating custom reports and dashboards. 51 8. Documentation and Dissemination Data is of no value if it is not properly documented and shared. Releasing microdata in a timely manner allows researchers and policymakers to replicate officially published results, generate new insights into issues, avoid survey duplication, and provide greater returns to the investment in the survey process. To ensure microdata is used and appropriately preserved for institutional knowledge retention, it must be well-documented and include detailed metadata. Metadata is the descriptive information that accompanies the main data set (microdata). Good survey documentation should describe the full survey process and the dataset in detail, and provide any relevant assessments of the data quality. International standards and best practices should be followed to ensure all data are properly curated and disseminated. 8.1 ANONYMIZATION When releasing microdata, the privacy of respondents is paramount. All identifying information must be removed from any datasets that will be shared publicly, including names, addresses, GPS coordinates (unless anonymized), and so on. The level and methods of anonymization When releasing microdata, the privacy of respondents depend on the sensitivity of the data as well as the access policy and is paramount terms of use. 8.2 DOCUMENTATION A. Metadata standards Metadata standards improve the usability of data and the quality of its documentation. The international metadata standard for the documentation of survey data is the Data Documentation Initiative (DDI), which provides a structured checklist of survey documentation that fully captures the microdata, its quality, and the entire survey lifecycle. Metadata prepared according to the DDI standard can easily be shared and transferred across systems and organizations.32 For further 32 For more information, see: https://www.ddialliance.org/. 52  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS guidance on properly documenting data, see the World Bank’s Quick Reference Guide for Data Archivists (Dupriez et al., 2019). B. Data files Data may be stored in different formats, such as Stata, SPSS, or SAS.Variables and response values should be properly labeled to provide a clear indication of the information that they contain. Data variables should be provided in their original form. If any transformed variables (such as consumption aggregates) are created, they should be provided in a separate dataset and properly documented. C. Supporting documents All relevant survey material that would allow the users to better understand the data and interpret the results should be included. These include questionnaires, interviewer manuals, descriptions of methodology, reports, publication citations, and so on. A Basic Information Document (Box 8) is a critical part of the supporting documentation. It should contain information on all aspects of survey implementation so that data users have all the information they need in one place. This also ensures that information about the survey is maintained over time. The documentation must also address the sampling methodology and implementation details, such as sample size requirements and the analysis that informs the required size, as well as the implementation procedures for enacting the design. This includes all relevant details on updating the frame as needed, selection of sampling units, management of the sample (such as managing non-response and replacement protocols), calculation of survey weights, and explanation of how to use survey weights in the analysis. D. Access conditions Data terms of use should be clearly documented. For example, household surveys conducted with World Bank support typically require making the resulting data publicly available within a year of collection. 8.3 DISSEMINATION To increase the potential value of data, they should be made publicly available in a timely manner; international standards strongly recommend dissemination within one year of the end of data collection. Data are most effective when they can be discovered and used by a broad range of users. Making data more accessible adds value to existing data while reducing the need to collect new data. The most efficient and cost-effective way to ensure data discovery is to enable users to search, discover, and download microdata (and its accompanying metadata) from a single online platform, such as the World Bank’s Microdata Library. This platform makes it easy to use and repurpose microdata. It serves as an institutional repository for survey microdata, allowing 8. DOCUMENTATION AND DISSEMINATION  53 for data generated or supported by the World Bank to be shared with staff and the public (where appropriate). For more information on the World Bank’s Microdata Library, visit https:// microdata. worldbank.org. Box 8. Contents of a Basic Information Document • Background information on the survey, such as who carried out the survey, why the government chose to do the survey, etc. • Description of the survey instruments • Sample design details (see section 8.2c) • Details on the field work: number of dwellings visited, refusal rates, total number of dwellings, households, and individuals included in the final sample, any problems that occurred during the administration of the survey (such as strikes, inclement weather, inability to enter parts of the country) • Notes on how to use the data, including anomalies in the data • Notes on the quality of the data, including how missing values were recorded, any data cleaning undertaken, and names of the variables used to match different parts of the dataset • Notes explaining constructed datasets, such as consumption aggregates, income aggregates, or anthropometric data • Information on how to obtain copies of the documentation and data • Codes not printed in the questionnaires, such as industrial codes, plant/crop codes, animal codes, units of measurement, etc. • Information on how the data compares to past surveys, including indicating if the data is longitudinal. 54  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS REFERENCES Abay,K.A., Berhane,G., Hoddinott, J., Hirfrfot, K.T. “Assessing Response Fatigue in Phone Surveys: Experimental Evidence on Dietary Diversity in Ethiopia.” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. WPS 9636. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/526651618930138065/Assessing-Response- Fatigue-in-Phone-Surveys-Experimental-Evidence-on-Dietary-Diversity-in-Ethiopia Abdel, J., Corral, P.A., Dahmani, S.A., Davalos, M.E., Demarchi, G., Demirel, N., Do, Q., Hanna, R.N., Houeix, D.M., Lenehan S., and Mugera H.K.  Asylum Seekers in the European Union: Building Evidence to Inform Policy Making. 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Exploring the Promise of Multiple Imputation for Predicting Missing GPS-Based Land Area Measures in Household Surveys.” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 8138. 2017b. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3006212 Kjellsson, G., Clarke, P., Gerdthamabd, U.G. “Forgetting to Remember or Remembering to Forget: A Study of the Recall Period Length in Health Care Survey Questions.” Journal of Health Economics 35: 34-46. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2014.01.007 Miller, D.C., Muñoz-Mora, J.C., Zezza, A., Durazo, J. “Trees on Farms: Measuring Their Contribution to Household Welfare. A Guidebook for Designing Household Surveys.” Washington, DC: World Bank. 2019. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/920001587050080346/Trees-on-Farms-Measuring- Their-Contribution-to-Household-Welfare Oseni, G., Durazo, J., and McGee, K. “The Use of Non-Standard Units for the Collection of Food Quantity: A Guidebook for Improving the Measurement of Food Consumption and Agricultural Production in Living Standards Surveys.” Washington, DC:World Bank. 2017. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/ en/981711587040434398/The-Use-of-Non-Standard-Units-for-the-Collection-of-Food-Quantity-A- Guidebook-for-Improving-the-Measurement-of-Food-Consumption-and-Agricultural-Production-in- Living-Standards-Surveys Oseni, G., Huebler, F., McGee, K., Amankwah, A., Legault, E., and Rakotonarivo, A. “Measuring Household Expenditure on Education:A Guidebook for Designing Household Survey Questionnaires.” Washington, DC: World Bank. 2018. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/494931587033216249/Measuring- Household-Expenditure-on-Education-A-Guidebook-for-Designing-Household-Survey-Questionnaires Pradhan, M. “Welfare Analysis with a Proxy Consumption Measure: Evidence from a Repeated Experiment in Indonesia.” Fiscal Studies, 30 no. 3/4 (2001): 391-417. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.430780 Sagesaka A., Palacios-Lopez A., and Amankwah A. Measuring Agricultural Labor: A Guidebook for Designing Household Surveys.Washington DC:World Bank. 2021. https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/ documents-reports/documentdetail/809411632803565496/measuring-agricultural-labor-a-guidebook- for-designing-household-surveys Shaw, A., Nguyen, L., Nischan, U. and Sy, H. “Comparative Assessment of Software Programs for the Development of Computer-Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI) Applications.” LSMS-ISA Working Paper. Washington, DC:World Bank. 2011. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/719811587030081431/ Comparative-Assessment-of-Software-Programs-for-the-Development-of-Computer-Assisted- Personal-Interview-CAPI-Applications Tiberti, M. and Costa, V. “Disability Measurement in Household Surveys: A Guidebook for Designing Household Survey Questionnaires.” Washington DC: World Bank. 2020. https://documents. worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/456131578985058020/disability- measurement-in-household-surveys-a-guidebook-for-designing-household-survey-questionnaires UIS. “International Standard Classification of Education: ISCED 2011.” Montreal: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. 2011. http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/international-standard-classification- of-education-isced-2011-en.pdf REFERENCES  57 UIS, OECD, and Eurostat. “UOE Data Collection on Formal Education: Manual on Concepts, Definitions and Classifications.” Montreal, Paris, Luxembourg: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and Eurostat. 2016. http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/ documents/uoe2016manual_11072016_0.pdf United Nations. “Household Sample Surveys in Developing and Transition Countries.” Studies in Methods Series F (96). New York: UN. 2005. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/hhsurveys/pdf/Household_surveys.pdf United Nations.  “Designing Household Survey Samples: Practical Guidelines.” Studies in Methods Series F (98). New York: UN. 2008. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/surveys/Series_F98en.pdf United Nations. “Integrating a Gender Perspective into Statistics.” Studies in Methods Series F (111). New York: UN. 2016.https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/Standards-and-Methods/files/ Handbooks/gender/Integrating-a-Gender-Perspective-into-Statistics-E.pdf United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and World Health Organization. “Core Questions on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Household Surveys: 2018 Update.” New York: United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and World Health Organization. 2018. https://washdata.org/sites/default/ files/documents/reports/2019-03/JMP-2018-core-questions-for-household-surveys.pdf World Bank. “World Bank Group Gender Strategy (FY16-23): Gender Equality, Poverty Reduction and Inclusive Growth.” Washington, DC: World Bank. 2015. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/ en/820851467992505410/World-Bank-Group-gender-strategy-FY16-23-gender-equality-poverty- reduction-and-inclusive-growth World Bank. “Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2018: Piecing Together the Poverty Puzzle.” Washington, DC: World Bank. 2018.https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/poverty-and-shared-prosperity World Bank. “Household Surveys at the World Bank : Protocol for Data Collection, Quality Assurance and Standard Setting.” Washington, D.C. : World Bank. 2020. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/ en/848521606460880374/Household-Surveys-at-the-World-Bank-Protocol-for-Data-Collection- Quality-Assurance-and-Standard-Setting World Bank and the World Health Organization. “Measuring Energy Access: A guide to collecting data on access to electricity and clean household energy for cooking, heating and lighting in household surveys. ” Washington, DC: World Bank. 2021. (WHO/HEP/ECH/AQH/20.01). https://documents.worldbank.org/ en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/557341633679857128/measuring-energy-access-a- guide-to-collecting-data-using-the-core-questions-on-household-energy-use Zezza, A., Pica-Ciamarra, U., Mugera, H. K., Mwisomba, T., and Okello, P. “Measuring the Role of Livestock in the Household Economy: A Guidebook for Designing Household Survey Questionnaires.” Washington, DC: World Bank. 2016. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/108351587037911099/Measuring-the-Role- of-Livestock-in-the-Household-Economy-A-Guidebook-for-Designing-Household-Survey-Questionnaires 58  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS ANNEX I: LSMS GUIDEBOOKS TO DATE Measuring Energy Access: A guide to collecting data on access to electricity and clean household energy for cooking, heating and lighting in household surveys World Bank and the World Health Organization November 2021 Measuring Agricultural Labor: A Guidebook for Designing Household Surveys Akiko Sagesaka, Amparo Palacios-Lopez, and Akuffo Amankwah September 2021 Employment and Own-Use Production in Household Surveys: A Practical Guide for Measuring Labor Josefine Durazo, Valentina Costa, Amparo Palacio-Lopez, and Isis Gadis August 2021 LSMS+ Program: Overview and Recommendations for Improving Individual-Disaggregated Data on Asset Ownership and Labor Outcomes Ardina Hasanbasri,Talip Kilic, Gayatri Koolwal, and Heather Moylan May 2021 Remote Technical Assistance for Surveys: Technical Guidance Note Akuffo Amankwah, Gbemisola Oseni, Amparo Palacios-Lopez, Akiko Sagesaka, and James Arthur Shaw May 2021 Disability Measurement in Household Surveys: A Guidebook for Designing Household Survey Questionnaires Marco Tiberti and Valentina Costa January 2020 Trees on Farms: Measuring Their Contribution to Household Welfare Dan C Miller, Juan Carlos Muñoz-Mora, Alberto Zezza, and Josefine Durazo November 2019 Food Data Collection in Household Consumption and Expenditure Surveys Prepared by The Inter-Agency and Expert Group on Food Security, Agricultural and Rural Statistics and endorsed by the forty-ninth session of the United Nations Statistical Commission, New York, 6–9 March 2018 April 2019 Measuring Individuals’ Rights to Land: An Integrated Approach to Data Collection for SDG Indicators 1.4.2 and 5.a.1. FAO, The World Bank, and UN-Habitat August 2019 Measuring Household Expenditure on Education Gbemisola Oseni, Friedrich Huebler, Kevin McGee, Akuffo Amankwah, Elise Legault, Andonirina Rakotonarivo December 2018 ANNEX 1  59 Spectral Soil Analysis & Household Surveys Sydney Gourlay, Ermias Aynekulu, Calogero Carletto, and Keith Shepherd October 2017 The Use of Non-Standard Units for the Collection of Food Quantity Gbemisola Oseni, Josefine Durazo, and Kevin McGee July 2017 Measuring the Role of Livestock in the Household Economy Alberto Zezza, Ugo Pica-Ciamarra, Harriet K. Mugera, Titus Mwisomba, and Patrick Okello World Bank and FAO November 2016 Land Area Measurement in Household Surveys Calogero Carletto, Sydney Gourlay, Siobhan Murray, and Alberto Zezza August 2016 National Socioeconomic Surveys in Forestry Riyong K. Bakkegaard, Arun Agrawal, Illias Animon, Nicholas Hogarth, Daniel Miller, Lauren Persha, Ewald Rametsteiner, Sven Wunder and Alberto Zezza December 2016 Measuring Conflict Exposure in Micro-Level Surveys Tilman Brück, Patricia Justino, Philip Verwimp, and Andrew Tedesco August 2013 Improving the Measurement and Policy Relevance of Migration Information in Multi-topic Household Surveys Alan de Brauw and Calogero Carletto May 2012 Design and Implementation of Fishery Modules in Integrated Household Surveys in Developing Countries Christophe Béné, Asafu D.G. Chijere, Edward H. Allison, Katherine Snyder, and Charles Crissman May 2012 Understanding Agricultural Household’s Adaptation to Climate Change and Implications for Mitigation Nancy McCarthy December 2011 Agricultural Household Adaptation to Climate Change: Water Stress & Variability Sushenjit Bandyopadhyay, Limin Wang, and Marcus Wijnen August 2011 Tracking in Longitudinal Household Surveys Firman Witoelar July 2011 Designing Household Survey Questionnaires for Developing Countries: Lessons from 15 Years of the Living Standards Measurement Study Margaret Grosh and Paul Glewwe [editors] 2000 60  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS ANNEX II: MODEL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGNER OVERVIEW USING THIS QUESTIONNAIRE This sample questionnaire is designed in accordance with the LSMS Guidebook, “General Guidelines for Designing Household Surveys.” This overview is a supplement to the guidebook and focuses on the design and layout of the questionnaire content; it does not summarize or replace the contents of the guidebook, which should be referred to for detailed guidance [link: LSMS General Guidelines].  The questionnaire content can be tailored to meet the specific survey’s needs, but comparability should be maintained to the greatest extent possible. In addition to the guidance provided here, the model questionnaire includes notes for survey designers (that is, those deciding the context and content of the survey) as well as programmers (that is, those formatting and preparing the questionnaire for implementation, whether on paper or in CAPI). These notes should be taken into consideration during the planning process and removed before the questionnaire is shared with enumerators and used in the field.  GENERAL EDITS THROUGHOUT THE QUESTIONNAIRE Selecting questions. As questions are often interdependent from the perspective of survey analysis, adding and/or removing questions should be based on careful review of the survey analysis requirements. Any changes should also be carefully reviewed in the context of the flow of the entire section, ensuring that skip patterns and references are also updated. The sample module is based on the recommendations in the General Guidelines. In some cases, optional questions are provided that may allow for further analysis and more context on the section topics. These optional questions are sorted into two types: • Strongly encouraged: These are questions that go beyond the minimum requirement for the analysis and calculations detailed in the guidebook, but are nevertheless common and allow for greater understanding of the collected data.Throughout the model questionnaire, these are coded in lavender and labeled E/O (strongly encouraged, but optional). • Optional, per survey demands: These are questions that are often included and may be of interest depending on the needs of the survey and the country context.Throughout the model questionnaire, these are coded in light orange and labeled OCC (optional, depending on country/survey context). ANNEX II  61 The following notes apply to all questionnaire sections: • Questions and answer options. Determining which questions to include is at the discretion of each survey design team and should be based on their data needs. Answer options should be tailored as appropriate for each country context, taking into account any relevant standards for calculating international indices (e.g. SDGs, poverty indicators, etc). • Item lists. All item lists – other income sources, assets, food items, social assistance types, and so on – include example items and must be tailored to the country and survey needs in consultation with experts. • Currency. Replace all occurrences of CURRENCY with the name of the local currency (such as NAIRA, DOLLAR, PESO, etc.). • Household members as response options. Several questions ask the respondent to identify household members that conduct or are responsible for specific activities. For these questions, when using paper-and-pen interviewing (PAPI), allow space to report at least three possible household members per question. When using CAPI, the best option is to revise the question instruction to “List all” and design the response as a multi-select drop-down menu of all (age-appropriate) household members, from which the interviewer can select each household member reported by the respondent. • Page formatting. Pages are formatted for reviewing the document. However, if the survey will be implemented using PAPI, the font size as well as space for writing responses should be increased. SECTION 2 – EDUCATION Reference period. In most cases, the appropriate reference period will be the current school year, although there are potential exceptions. The goal for this section is to collect consistent schooling data across all households (that is, all households are asked about the same reference period) while minimizing the household reporting burden. • If the survey is taking place at the beginning of a new school year, it may be better to ask detailed information on the previous school year, as the respondent will likely have a better understanding of the details and costs of a complete year that has recently ended relative to one just beginning. In this case, we recommend the following question structure: -- Q10 – Q13: Ask as written in the model questionnaire. -- ADD A NEW QUESTION: Did NAME attend school during the previous [20XX/20XX] school year? -- Change all subsequent questions to refer to the recently completed school year instead of the current one. • Likewise, if the survey is taking place between school years, information should be collected on the recently completed school year. In this case, the same questions can be revised as follows: -- Q10. Did NAME attend school during the [20XX/20XX] school year? -- Q12. Why did NAME not attend school? -- Q13. In what level was NAME enrolled during the recent [20XX/20XX] school year? -- Change all subsequent questions to refer to the recently completed school year instead of the current one. 62  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS • Consistency matters. If the survey will span different phases of the school year, survey designers should weigh their options regarding reference period and must agree on ONE reference period to be used throughout the survey. Education expenditures should be reported for each item individually, or at least by grouping categories of expenses. • Collecting data at the item-level is strongly recommended. To do so, for Q21 & Q22, ask individually about items labeled A through T. Items A though M as well as O are highly recommended. Delete the row of item groupings labeled i through xii. • For surveys that will ask about expense by grouping categories, for Q21 & Q22, ask about each grouping labeled i through xii. In this case, delete the row of items labeled A through T. SECTION 3 – HEALTH Labor impact. While not central to health and wellness calculations, Q7, Q8, and Q28 are highly encouraged for calculations regarding labor impact. Treated bed nets. Q29 – Q32 are strongly recommended for countries where malaria is a common health risk. They are only labeled as optional because malaria is not prevalent in some regions. Anthropometry. Q33 – Q39 are a sample of an extremely brief child anthropometry module. For more details on this topic and for more detailed questionnaire examples, see http://mics. unicef.org/tools, SECTION 4B – OWN-USE PRODUCTION OF GOODS The International Labor Organization recommends collecting data on all forms of work, including own-use production of goods (which is not classified as employment under current guidelines). Section 4B is an example of how such data may be collected. The questions can be asked as an extension of Section 4 or as a separate section (as shown here). SECTIONS 5A & 5B – HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES Section 5A contains filter questions used to establish whether any of the activities conducted by the household qualify as non-farm enterprises (commonly known as household or family enterprises) for the purpose of this survey.Any households that report Yes to any of the activities in Q2 through Q9 will complete Section 5B for each activity. ANNEX II  63 SECTION 7 – ASSETS The item list for this section should be tailored to the country where the survey is being conducted. If the item list will be used to calculate the overall asset wealth of households, expand the list to include the most commonly owned assets as well as any high-priced assets (even if not commonly owned) to allow for ranking households by assets. Alternatively, the list can be used to create an asset index to rank households by quintiles or deciles, for example. In this case, the item list does not need to be an exhaustive list of all potential household assets – rather, it should include key items across all price ranges to help rank household wealth.Allowing for up to two additional items to be reported at the household’s discretion (using an “Other, specify” response option) will help capture any significant items that may be overlooked. Items frequently reported as “Other, specify” should be evaluated for inclusion in future iterations of the survey. SECTIONS 8 & 8B – SAVINGS & CREDIT AND CREDIT DETAIL Section 8 collects savings and credit information at the individual level, allowing for intra-household analysis. Section 8 Q9 through Q14 ask about loans at the individual level (that is, each person is asked about the loans for which they applied) with details collected on one loan per person. Section 8B collects additional details specifically on loans at the loan level (that is, information is collected about each loan taken out by the household, identifying the household members who were applicants). Section 8B provides more detailed loan information and should be used if such information is explicitly requested by stakeholders. IMPORTANT NOTE: Data on loans should not be collected using both modules.When implementing Section 8B, the last question asked in S8 (which will become S8A) will be Q11. SECTION 12 – FOOD SECURITY This section is based on FAO’s Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), which requires that the set of questions are asked in their entirety.They can be asked at the overall household level (as shown here) or at the individual level, asked once for each adult household member. It is important that this section is NOT asked directly before or after the food consumption sections. There are two recommended options for the reference period for FIES: • For SDG monitoring, a 12-month reference period is recommended, as it controls for possible seasonal changes in food security, thus improving comparability across countries and/or national regions with different environmental and climatic zones. • A 30-day reference period can be used if the survey is conducted continuously across the year and time stratified, or if the intent is to collect FIES scores only during one specific month. For further guidance on the Food Security module, see http://www.fao.org/in-action/voices-of-the- hungry/en/ 64  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION ORDER PAGE IN ANNEX 0 HH IDENTIFICATION 65 1 HOUSEHOLD ROSTER 66 2 A. EDUCATION 70 B. TECHNOLOGY ACCESS 75 3 HEALTH 76 4 A: LABOR 81 B: OWN USE PRODUCTION OF GOODS 92 5 A: HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES 94 B: HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES 96 6 OTHER INCOME 101 7 ASSETS 102 8 A: SAVINGS AND CREDIT 103 B: CREDIT DETAIL 105 9 A: MEALS AWAY FROM HOME 107 B: FOOD CONSUMPTION AND EXPENDITURE 108 10 A: NON-FOOD EXPENDITURE (7 AND 30 DAY, 6 MONTH RECALL) 116 B: NON-FOOD EXPENDITURE (12 MONTH RECALL) 119 11 HOUSING 121 12 FOOD SECURITY 126 13 SOCIAL PROGRAMS AND PROTECTIONS 127 14 SHOCKS COPING 128 15 LAND TENURE 130 16 CONTACT INFORMATION 135 color code for questions that are E/O: STRONGLY ENCOURAGED BUT OPTIONAL color code for questions that are OCC: OPTIONAL, DEPENDS ON COUNTRY/SURVEY CONTEXT BRIEF DEFINITION OF A HOUSEHOLD: 1 A household is a group of people who have usually slept in the same dwelling and share their meals together. Examples of households are: • A man and his wife and children, father/mother, nephew, and other relatives. • A single person. • A couple or several couples living together, with or without children. 2 All listed persons that have been away from the household for more than six months are not considered to be household members except: • The person identified as the head of household even if he or she has not been with the household for more than 6 months • Newly born (or newly adopted) children • Students and seasonal workers who have not been living in or as part of another household • New spouses ANNEX II  65 [SPACE FOR SURVEY HEADER] SECTION 0: COVER PAGE [Adjust to reflect country-specific listing information] Household Questionnaire THIS INFORMATION IS STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL AND IS TO BE USED FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES ONLY. CODE NAME ENUMERATOR: IF YOU FIND THE HOUSEHOLD AND SOMEONE IS ANSWERING THE DOOR, INTRODUCE YOURSELF AND 1. DISTRICT: ...................................................................... ATTEMPT TO SEEK OUT A COMPETENT RESPONDENT. A COMPETENT RESPONDENT MUST BE X YEARS OF AGE OR OLDER AND MUST HAVE KNOWLEDGE OF THE HOUSEHOLD 2. ENUMERATION AREA: ...................................................................... AND ITS ACTIVITIES. 3. PLACE / VILLAGE NAME: ...................................................................... TO CONFIRM CONSENT TO BEGIN THE INTERVIEW, READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT. 4. HOUSEHOLD ID (FROM LIST): Country-specific text. Mention the following: 5. NAME OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD: ...................................................................... i. Institution responsible for the survey ii. Survey objectives and household selection protocol iii. Confidentiality of the information collected during the interview 6. ENUMERATOR CODE: iv. Profile of the most appropriate respondent for this survey v. Request explicit oral consent to be interviewed, noting that this does not 7. ENUMERATOR NAME: ...................................................................... obligate them to answer any or all of the questions (though it would be very appreciated if they do). 8. INTERVIEW DATE AND TIME. DATE START END Attempt 1 Codes for Q12 REFUSED.................................................................................... 1 Attempt 2 NO COMPETENT RESPONDENT AT TIME Attempt 3 OF THE VISIT............................................................................. 2 NONE AT HOME FOR AN EXTENDED HH MM HH MM AMOUNT OF TIME................................................................. 3 9. Did a household member give consent to be interviewed? YES... 1 HOUSEHOLD MOVED TO ANOTHER NO... 2 12 VILLAGE/TOWN/DISTRICT................................................. 4 HOUSEHOLD MOVED TO A NEIGHBORING 10. Name of member that gave consent: ________________________________________ COUNTRY................................................................................. 5 11. Is it possible to start the interview? YES... 1 13 HOUSEHOLD MOVED TO UNKNOWN LOCATION.... 6 NO... 2 HOUSEHOLD NOT FOUND............................................... 7 DWELLING DESTROYED...................................................... 8 OTHER (SPECIFY).................................................................... 9 12. Reason why the household cannot be interviewed.  END OF INTERVIEW 13. GPS COORDINATES OF THE DWELLING (to be collected outside the dwelling): LATITUDE (N) __ __ o __ __ . __ __ __ LONGITUDE (E) __ __ __ o __ __ . __ __ __ 66  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 1: HOUSEHOLD ROSTER CODED E/O CODED OCC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 NAME What is the sex What is [NAME]’s relationship How old is [NAME] (in completed In what year was During the past How many days did of [NAME]? to the head of household? years)? [NAME] born? 12 months (since [NAME] eat in this MAKE A COMPLETE LIST MONTH/ YEAR), household in the past OF ALL INDIVIDUALS Male..............1 HEAD...................................................1 IF 5 YEARS AND OVER, RECORD how many months 7 days? WHO NORMALLY LIVE Female..........2 WIFE/HUSBAND...............................2 YEARS ONLY. CHECK has [NAME] been AND EAT THEIR MEALS CHILD/ADOPTED CHILD.............3 CONSISTENCY away from this GRANDCHILD..................................4 TOGETHER IN THIS IF LESS THAN 5 YEARS IN AGE, WITH AGE IN Q4. household? NIECE/NEPHEW...............................5 HOUSEHOLD, STARTING MOTHER/FATHER............................6 RECORD YEARS AND MONTHS. WITH THE HEAD OF SISTER/BROTHER.............................7 HOUSEHOLD. SON/DAUGHTER-IN-LAW............8 BROTHER/SISTER-IN-LAW............9 (CONFIRM THAT GRANDFATHER/MOTHER..........10 HOUSEHOLD HEAD FATHER/MOTHER-IN-LAW.........11 HERE IS THE SAME AS OTHER RELATIVE...........................12 SERVANT OR SERVANT’S HOUSEHOLD HEAD RELATIVE...........................................13 LISTED ON COVER.) ID CODE LODGER/LODGER’S RELATIVE...........................................14 OTHER NON-RELATIVE...............15 YEAR CUMULATIVE NUMBER YEARS MONTHS (YYYY) MONTHS OF DAYS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 FOR A COMPLETE LIST OF INDIVIDUALS CONNECTED TO THE HOUSEHOLD, USE THE FOLLOWING PROBE QUESTIONS: First, give me the names of all the members of your immediate family who normally live and eat their meals together here. WRITE DOWN NAMES, SEX, AND RELATIONSHIP TO HH HEAD. LIST THE HOUSEHOLD HEAD ON LINE 1. Next, give me the names of any other persons related to you or other household members who normally live and eat their meals together here. Are there any other people not here now who normally live and eat their meals here? For example, household members studying elsewhere or traveling? Next, give me the names of any other persons not related to you or other household members, but who normally live and eat their meals together here, such as servants, lodgers, or others who are not relatives. DO NOT LIST SERVANTS WHO HAVE A HOUSEHOLD ELSEWHERE, AND GUESTS WHO ARE VISITING TEMPORARILY AND HAVE A HOUSEHOLD ELSEWHERE. USE A SECOND QUESTIONNAIRE IF NEEDED TO COLLECT ALL NAMES. Designer Notes: Criteria for household membership can be tailored to country or survey context. For Q4, age in months for children 5 years and under is only needed if anthropometric data or other early childhood details (e.g. breastfeeding, etc) will also be collected. ANNEX II  67 SECTION 1: HOUSEHOLD ROSTER CODED E/O CODED E/O CODED OCC CODED E/O CODED E/O 8 9 10a 10b 10 altenate 11 12 CAPI/ What is [NAME]’s present marital Is the spouse ID CODE OF FOR EACH SPOUSE, ASK THE FOLLOWING 3 QUESTIONS: Does the Who is ENUMERATOR status? of [NAME] SPOUSE biological [NAME]’s CHECK: living in the A. Does the spouse live in this household? father of biological IS THIS MONOGAMOUS/MARRIED..1 household? B. WRITE ID CODE FOR SPOUSES THAT LIVE IN HH [NAME] father? PERSON XX POLYGAMOUS/MARRIED.....2 C. In what year did [NAME] get married to [SPOUSE]? live in the YEARS OR Q10ALT YES... 1 household? OLDER? NON-FORMAL UNION.........3 NO... 2 Q11 IF RESPONDENT DOES NOT KNOW, CALCULATE USING SEPARATED...............................4 Q11 AGE OF [NAME] NOW AND AGE AT MARRIAGE ALLQ16 [REPLACE DIVORCED................................5 Q11 YES... 1 XX WITH WIDOW OR WIDOWER......6 Q11 NO... 2 Q13 MARRIAGE NEVER MARRIED.....................7 Q11 AGE CUT-OFF] YES... 1 NO... 2 Q11 ID CODE CODE ID CODE FIRST SPOUSE SECOND SPOUSE THIRD SPOUSE COPY ID FROM YES... 1 ID YES... 1 ID YES... 1 ID NO... 2 CODE YEAR NO... 2 CODE YEAR NO... 2 CODE YEAR ROSTER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 68  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 1: HOUSEHOLD ROSTER CODED OCC CODED OCC CODED OCC CODED E/O CODED E/O CODED OCC CODED OCC CODED OCC 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Is [NAME]’s What was the What was/is the industry Does the biological Who is [NAME]’s Is [NAME]’s What was What was/is the industry biological father highest educational of occupation of [NAME’S] mother of biological mother? biological mother the highest of occupation of [NAME’S] alive? level completed biological father? [NAME] live in the alive? educational biological mother? by [NAME’S] household? level completed biological father? AGRICULTURE..................................1 by [NAME’S] AGRICULTURE..................................1 MINING...............................................2 biological mother? MINING...............................................2 YES... 1 [INSERT HERE MANUFACTURING.........................3 YES... 1 ALLQ21 YES... 1 MANUFACTURING.........................3 NO... 2 COUNTRY- PROFESSIONAL, SCIENTIFIC, NO... 2 Q18 NO... 2 [INSERT HERE PROFESSIONAL, SCIENTIFIC, DON’T SPECIFIC TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES................4 DON’T COUNTRY- TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES................4 KNOW ... 3 Q18 EDUCATION ELECTRICITY.....................................5 KNOW ... 3 Q21 SPECIFIC ELECTRICITY.....................................5 CODES FROM CONSTRUCTION............................6 EDUCATION CONSTRUCTION............................6 PRESENT AND TRANSPORTATION.........................7 CODES FROM TRANSPORTATION.........................7 PAST.] BUYING AND SELLING..................8 PRESENT AND BUYING AND SELLING..................8 FINANCIAL SERVICES.....................9 PAST.] FINANCIAL SERVICES.....................9 PERSONAL SERVICES....................10 PERSONAL SERVICES....................10 EDUCATION...................................11 EDUCATION...................................11 HEALTH.............................................12 HEALTH.............................................12 ID CODE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION.........13 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION.........13 CODE OTHER, SPECIFY.............................14 COPY ID FROM CODE OTHER, SPECIFY.............................14 NEVER WORKED...........................15 ROSTER NEVER WORKED...........................15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ANNEX II  69 SECTION 1: HOUSEHOLD ROSTER CODED OCC CODED E/O CODED E/O CODED E/O CODED E/O CODED OCC CODED OCC 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 What is [NAME]’s main In which district/ How many years hasIn which district/ What was the main reason for In which district/ In how many places religion? country was [NAME] country did [NAME] [NAME] lived in this moving to the current place of country did [NAME] such as another village, born? place/village? live before moving to residence? live 5 years ago? town, or country, did CHRISTIAN.......................... 1 the current place of [NAME] live during the ISLAM..................................... 2 INSERT NATIONAL REFERS TO CURRENT residence? TO LOOK FOR WORK........................ 1 INSERT NATIONAL last 5 years? HINDU................................... 3 DISTRICT CODES HH LOCATION. OTHER IMCOME REASONS.............. 2 DISTRICT CODES AS FOLK RELIGION................. 4 AS WELL AS A CODE INSERT NATIONAL DROUGHT, FLOOD, OR OTHER WELL AS A CODE LOCAL RELIGION.............5 FOR “IN ANOTHER IF LESS THAN ONE DISTRICT CODES WEATHER-RELATED REASON......... 3 FOR “IN ANOTHER IF Q22 AND 26 REFER ATHEIST/ COUNTRY”. YEAR, RECORD 00. AS WELL AS A CODE EVICTION................................................ 4 COUNTRY”. INCLUDE TO THE SAME VILLAGE NOT RELIGIOUS................ 6 INCLUDE CODES FOR “IN ANOTHER OTHER LAND-RELATED CODES FOR A FEW AND RESPONDENT OTHER(SPECIFY)................ 7 FOR A FEW SPECIFIC IF HERE SINCE COUNTRY”. PROBLEM................................................. 5 SPECIFIC OTHER LIVED IN NO OTHER OTHER COUNTRIES BIRTH, RECORD 100 INCLUDE CODES ILLNESS, INJURY..................................... 6 COUNTRIES IF OF PLACES, RECORD 1. IF OF INTEREST. >>NEXT PERSON FOR A FEW SPECIFIC DISABILITY.............................................. 7 INTEREST. DO NOT OTHER COUNTRIES EDUCATION.......................................... 8 ASK IF Q23>=5 IF OF INTEREST. MARRIAGE............................................... 9 DIVORCE............................................... 10 ESCAPE INSECURITY (HOUSEHOLD LEVEL) ...................... 11 ESCAPE INSECURITY (COUNTRY)/DISPLACEMENT......... 12 RETURN HOME FROM ID CODE DISPLACEMENT................................... 13 FOLLOW/JOIN FAMILY...................... 14 OTHER, SPECIFY.................................. 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Designer Notes: Q22-Q25 can be used to collect migration data when a more extensive migration section is not included. 70  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 2A: EDUCATION FOR ALL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS 5 YEARS OLD OR OLDER, PLEASE ASK THE INDIVIDUAL THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. CODED E/O CODED E/O CODED E/O CODED E/O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 CAPI/ IS THIS PERSON WRITE THE Can [NAME] Has [NAME] What was the main reason At what age did What is the highest What is [NAME]’s ENUMERATOR: ANSWERING ID CODE OF read or write in ever attended [NAME] never attended [NAME] start level [NAME] has highest qualification IS THIS PERSON FOR HIMSELF/ THE PROXY any language? school? school? school? completed? attained? 5 YEARS OLD HERSELF? RESPONDENT OR OLDER? TOO YOUNG....................................1 PRESCHOOL... 01 NONE...........................1 YES... 1 Q4 YES... 1 TOO FAR AWAY..............................2 P1........................ 11 FSLC...............................2 YES... 1 NO... 2 NO... 2 YES... 1 TOO EXPENSIVE ............................3 P2........................ 12 MSLC ............................3 WORKING P3........................ 13 NO... 2 NEXT if age <20 Q7 JSS ..................................5 (HOME OR JOB)..............................4 P4........................ 14 PERSON if age >=20Q8 LACK OF MONEY...........................5 P5........................ 15 SSS ‘O LEVEL’...............6 NO... 2 Q6 DEATH OF PARENT(S)..................6 P6........................ 16 A LEVEL........................7 SEPARATION OF PARENTS..........7 JS1....................... 21 VOC/COMM DID NOT HAVE INTEREST..........8 JS2....................... 22 CERTIFICATE...............8 PARENTS DO NOT THINK JS3....................... 23 VOC/COMM IT IS IMPORTANT............................9 SS1...................... 24 DIPLOMA.....................9 PARENTS OPPOSED SS2...................... 25 NCE/OND TO SCHOOL...................................10 SS3...................... 26 NURSING.................. 10 ILLNESS.............................................11 DISABILITY......................................12 Univ.1 ................ 31 BA/BSC/HND........... 11 CONFLICT Univ.2 ................ 32 PHD/MASTERS......... 12 (MILITANCY/ INSURGENCY)....13 Univ.3 ................ 33 DOCTORATE........... 13 OTHER (SPECIFY)..........................14 Univ.4 ................ 34 OTHER (SPECIFY)... 14 Univ.5+.............. 35 INDIVIDUAL ID ALL RESPONSES  NEXT TRAINING COLLEGE PERSON TC YR.1 ............ 41 TC YR.2 ............ 42 TC YR.3 ............ 43 TC YR.4 ............ 44 ID CODE AGE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ANNEX II  71 SECTION 2A: EDUCATION FOR ALL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS 5 YEARS OLD OR OLDER, PLEASE ASK THE INDIVIDUAL THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. CURRENT EDUCATION SCHOOL YEAR EXPENDITURES 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Is [NAME] CAPI/ Why is [NAME] not attending What level What kind of What means does How much Does [NAME] What is the currently ENUMERATOR: school this school year? is [NAME] organization runs [NAME] use to get time does it have a amount of the attending IS [NAME] [XX] attending this the school that to school? take [NAME] scholarship for scholarship school (the YEARS OR OLDER? HAD ENOUGH/COMPLETED 20XX/20XX [NAME] is currently to get to the current [NAME] 20xx/20xx SCHOOLING.........................................1 school year? attending? school? (IN school year? receives for the school year)? AWAITING ADMISSION.....................2 MINUTES) current school NO SCHOOL/ IF SCHOOL YES... 1 year? LACK OF TEACHERS...........................3 IS ON A NO TIME..................................................4 REPORT NO... 2 Q21 REGULARLY NO INTEREST.......................................5 TIME ONE SCHEDULED YES... 1 LACK OF MONEY................................6 BOARDING...............1 WAY (NOT BREAK, BUT NO... 2 NEXT MARITAL OBLIGATION.....................7 INSERT NEW FEDERAL GOVT.......... 1 Q17 ROUND [NAME] WAS PERSON SICKNESS................................................8 CODES STATE GOVT................ 2 WALKING..................2 TRIP) ATTENDING DISABILITY.............................................9 LOCAL GOVT............. 3 BUS...............................3 SEPARATION OF PARENTS.............10 COMMUNITY.............. 4 PRIOR TO TRAIN.........................4 DEATH OF PARENTS........................11 RELIGIOUS BODY...... 5 THE BREAK, PRIVATE......................... 6 BICYCLE.....................5 TOO OLD TO ATTEND ...................12 RECORD YES. DOMESTIC OBLIGATION ..............13 NGO............................... 7 MOTORCYCLE.........6 CONFLICT OTHER (SPECIFY)....... 8 CAR.............................7 YES... 1 Q13 (MILITANCY/INSURGENCY)..........14 OTHER, SPECIFY......9 INDIVIDUAL ID NO... 2 PREGNANCY.......................................15 TOO YOUNG.......................................16 OTHER, SPECIFY.................................17 ANSWER THEN Q25 LEVEL MINUTES CURRENCY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Designer Notes: For Q11, Replace XX with the upper age limit for expected secondary schooling age in the survey country (for example, 14 or 16, etc.). 72  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 2A: EDUCATION FOR ALL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS 5 YEARS OLD OR OLDER, PLEASE ASK THE INDIVIDUAL THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. CODED OCC CODED OCC EDUCATION EXPENDITURES 19 20 21 22 How many From which How much did your household spend monthly for [NAME] During the current school year, how much will your household spend IN TOTAL for years does the organization, did on education during the 20xx/20xx school year for each of [NAME]’s education on the following items? Please include amounts already spent scholarship [NAME] receive the the following items? for the current school year as well as those you expect to spend for the rest of this cover? scholarship for the CURRENT school year. current school year? RECORD MONTHLY AMOUNTS. IF THERE WAS NO EXPENDITURE, WRITE ‘0’ IF THERE WAS NO EXPENDITURE FOR A GROUP, FEDERAL GOVT.........1 WRITE ‘0’ FOR THAT GROUP STATE GOVT...............2 LOCAL GOVT............3 IF THE RESPONDENT CANNOT DIVIDE SCHOOL EXPENSES INTO COMMUNITY.............4 VARIOUS CATEGORIES, THEN RECORD THE AGGREGATE EDUCATION RELIGIOUS BODY.....5 PRIVATE........................6 EXPENDITURE FOR THE INDIVIDUAL IN COLUMN T or xii, NOT NGO..............................7 ALLOCABLE. FIRST, MAKE EVERY EFFORT TO OBTAIN EXPENSES BY OTHER (SPECIFY)......8 CATEGORY. FILL IN ANY CATEGORIES POSSIBLE, AND RECORD ANY AMOUNT THAT CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN IN COLUMN T or xii, NOT ALLOCABLE. i. School meals and transport ii. Tuition and other fees iii. Other contributions to school purchased outside educational (exam, registration, etc) (PTA, SMC, school fund, in-kind contributions) institutions INDIVIDUAL ID A. School B. Fees for C. Transportation D. School E. Tuition F. Exam, G. PTA, SBMC H. Development I. Gift or J. Gift or canteen transport to and from meals fees registration and other levy or donation donation fees organized school not purchased and other association payment for to to school by the organized by outside official fees fees construction, teacher (cash or school the school school maintenance (cash or in-kind)? or other in-kind)? YEARS school funds 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Designer Notes: For Q21 & Q22, it is strongly recommended to collect data at the level of DETAILED ITEMS(header labels A through T). However, data should be collected AT LEAST at the GROUP LEVEL(headers i through xi). Delete the row of headers not being used. ANNEX II  73 SECTION 2A: EDUCATION FOR ALL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS 5 YEARS OLD OR OLDER, PLEASE ASK THE INDIVIDUAL THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. CODED OCC CODED OCC 22 During the current school year, how much will your household spend IN TOTAL for [NAME]’s education on the following items? Please include amounts already spent for the current school year as well as those you expect to spend for the rest of this CURRENT school year. IF THERE WAS NO EXPENDITURE FOR A GROUP, WRITE ‘0’ FOR THAT GROUP IF THE RESPONDENT CANNOT DIVIDE SCHOOL EXPENSES INTO VARIOUS CATEGORIES, THEN RECORD THE AGGREGATE EDUCATION EXPENDITURE FOR THE INDIVIDUAL IN COLUMN T or x, NOT ALLOCABLE. FIRST, MAKE EVERY EFFORT TO OBTAIN EXPENSES BY CATEGORY. FILL IN ANY CATEGORIES POSSIBLE, AND RECORD ANY AMOUNT THAT CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN IN COLUMN T or x, NOT ALLOCABLE. iv. Ancillary fees v. Uniforms vi. Textbooks and other teaching vii. Private tutoring viii. Additional ix. Other categories x. Not allocable (boarding, canteen, and other materials (stationery, computers, (OPTIONAL) (music and arts lessons, gifts, transport, health services) school athletic equipment, etc.) books, computer, extra-curricular activities, etc.) clothing or learning software to use at home in support of formal schooling K. School L. Fees for M. Uniforms N. Textbooks O. Other REQUIRED P. Private tutoring Q. Additional R. Music and arts S. Extra-curricular T. Not allocable boarding health and other and other purchases, NOT (OPTIONAL) lessons activities fees services school teaching TEXTBOOKS OR books, computer, or INDIVIDUAL ID clothing materials TEACHING MATERIALS learning software to (stationery, (such as a computer, be used at home in etc.) extra books, athletic support of formal equipment, material for schooling arts lessons, or other school-related expenses specific to the country) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 74  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 2A: EDUCATION FOR ALL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS 5 YEARS OLD OR OLDER, PLEASE ASK THE INDIVIDUAL THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. CODED E/O CODED E/O CODED E/O CODED OCC CODED OCC CODED OCC 23 24 25 26 27 28 During the current school Why was [NAME] absent for Has [NAME] ever repeated What was the What was [NAME]’s main reason for How many times has year (20xx/20xx) was an extended period? any class during Primary, last class [NAME] repeating [GRADE IN Q26]? [NAME] repeated the [NAME] ever absent for a Junior Secondary, or Senior repeated? class specified in Q26? period of 2 weeks or longer? ADD APPROPRIATE Secondary? FAILED EXAM...........................................................1 CODES FROM NOT P1............... 11 PREGNANCY............................................................2 YES... 1 ATTENDED SCHOOL YES,PRIMARY ONLY..............1 P2............... 12 ILLNESS.......................................................................3 NO... 2 Q25 YES,SECONDARY ONLY......2 P3............... 13 DISABILITY................................................................4 YES,BOTH.................................3 P4............... 14 WORK COMMITMENT.........................................5 NONE........................................4 P5............... 15 NO MONEY FOR BOOKS....................................6 NEXT PERSON P6............... 16 SCHOOL FEES..........................................................7 JS1.............. 21 ILLNESS OR INJURY OF OTHER INDIVIDUAL ID JS2.............. 22 HH MEMBER..............................................................8 JS3.............. 23 TOO MANY ABSENCES DUE TO SS1............. 24 CONFLICT (MILITANCY/INSURGENCY)........9 SS2............. 25 SCHOOL CLOSED DUE TO SS3............. 26 NATURAL DISASTER...........................................10 OTHER (SPECIFY)..................................................11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ANNEX II  75 SECTION 2B: TECHNOLOGY ACCESS CODED E/O CODED E/O CODED E/O CODED E/O CODED E/O CODED E/O CODED E/O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 CAPI/ IS THIS PERSON Write the id Does [NAME] have If [NAME] wanted to make a phone Does [NAME] have access If [NAME] wanted to use the ENUMERATOR: IS ANSWERING code of the proxy access to a mobile call, whose mobile phone would to the internet? internet, how would they access it? [NAME] 10 YEARS FOR HIMSELF/ respondent phone? they use? OLD OR OLDER? HERSELF? PERSONAL DEVICE............................1 YES... 1 OWN..........................................................1 YES... 1 OTHER HOUSEHOLD DEVICE.......2 INDIVIDUAL ID YES... 1 YES... 1 Q4 NO... 2 Q6 HOUSEHOLD MEMBER........................2 NO... 2 NEXT PERSON RELATIVE/FRIEND/NEIGHBOR.......3 NO... 2 NEXT NO... 2 RELATIVE/FRIEND/NEIGHBOR..........3 WORKPLACE.......................................4 PERSON PAY FOR USE...........................................4 CYBERCAFE..........................................5 OTHER (SPECIFY)...................................5 PUBLIC WIFI HOTSPOT....................6 OTHER (SPECIFY)................................7 ID CODE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 76  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 3: HEALTH FOR ALL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS CODED E/O CODED E/O CODED CODED E/O E/O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 IS THIS WRITE THE ID During the For what reason(s) did [NAME] During the What type of illness/injury did [NAME] Did [NAME] For how Whom did PERSON CODE OF THE past 4 weeks, seek consultation? last 4 weeks, suffer most? have to stop many days [NAME] consult ANSWERING PROXY has [NAME] did [NAME] his/her usual did [NAME] for this illness or FOR consulted LIST UP TO THREE REASONS suffer from SELECT UP TO TWO IN ORDER OF activities have to stop injury in the last 4 HIMSELF/ COPY a health an illness or SEVERITY in the past his/her usual weeks? HERSELF? ID FROM practitioner, ILLNESS......................................1 Q6 injury? 4 weeks activities ROSTER dentist, Q6 INJURY.......................................2 because of in the past TRADITIONAL YES... 1 Q3 RESPONDENT traditional GENERAL CHECKUP illness or 4 weeks HEALER................... 1 NO... 2 healer, or (NOT FOR PREGNANCY).....3 YES... 1 injury? because of DOCTOR............... 2 pharmacist, PRE/POSTNATAL NO... 2 MALARIA...........................1 CATARRH...................... 15 illness or DENTIST................ 3 or visited a CHECKUP.................................4 Q17 TB........................................2 COUGH.......................... 16 injury? NURSE..................... 4 health center? GIVING BIRTH.........................5 YELLOW FEVER..............3 HEADACHE................... 17 YES... 1 MEDICAL ASST..... 5 TYPHOID..........................4 DIABETES....................... 18 NO... 2 MIDWIFE................ 6 CHOLERA.........................5 GUINEA WORM........... 19 Q9 PHARMACIST....... 7 DIARRHEA........................6 DYSENTERY................... 20 YES... 1 CHEMIST................ 8 MENINGITIS.....................7 SCABIES.......................... 21 NO... 2 Q5 CHICKEN POX................8 RINGWORM................. 22 SPIRITUALIST......10 PNEUMONIA...................9 HEPATITIS B................... 23 NO ONE................ 0 COMMON COLD....... 10 ULCER/STOMACH Q17 INJURY............................ 11 PAIN................................. 24 OTHER OTHER (SPECIFY)........ 12 EYE PROBLEM............... 25 (SPECIFY)..............13 INDIVIDUAL ID HYPERTENSION.......... 13 TOOTH PROBLEM...... 26 FLU................................... 14 BODY PAINS................. 27 LIST THE TWO MOST IMPORTANT REASON REASON REASON NUMBER ID CODE 1ST 2ND A. 1ST B. 2ND 1 2 3 OF DAYS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ANNEX II  77 SECTION 3: HEALTH FOR ALL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS CODED CODED OCC OCC 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 10-16 add’I Where did [NAME]’s Who ran the How did [NAME] How much did How long did it take How long did How much did REPEAT consultation take place? establishment where reach the [CONSULT [NAME] pay to travel (one way) [NAME] have to [NAME] pay for the Q10-Q16 FOR [name]’s consultation LOCATION] for the first for the first trip to [NAME]’s first wait to be attended consultation? THE SECOND HOSPITAL............................... 1 took place? visit? (to and from) consultation? for this first CONSULTATION, DISPENSARY..........................2 for consultation consultation? IF MULTIPLE REPORTED IN Q9b. PHARMACY............................ 3 FEDERAL GOVT.............1 NO TRAVEL/ (transport costs CONSULTATIONS CHEMIST................................. 4 AT HOME.................... 1 Q16 STATE GOVT...................2 only)? WITH THE SAME DESIGN NOTE: CLINIC..................................... 5 WALK........................... 2 Q14 MATERNITY HOME.............6 LOCAL GOVT................3 PROVIDER, REPORT INSERT BICYCLE...................... 3 CONSULTANT’S HOME.....7 COMMUNITY.................4 IF THERE WAS NO ON THE FIRST QUESTIONS BUS/ PUBLIC PATIENT’S HOME.................8 RELIGIOUS BODY.........5 TRANSPORT.............. 4 COST, WRITE 00 CONSULT FOR SECOND Q16 NGO..................................6 PRIVATE CAR............. 5 VISIT AFTER ALL TRADITIONAL QUESTIONS ARE INDIVIDUAL ID PRIVATE............................7 TAXI.............................. 6 HEALER’S HOME................10 OTHER (SPECIFY)..........8 PRIVATE....................... 7 ASKED ABOUT SPIRITUALISTS HOME.......11 OTHER (SPECIFY)..... 8 FIRST VISIT. OTHER (SPECIFY)...............12 REFER TO CONSULT REFER TO CONSULT CURRENCY HRS MIN HRS MIN CURRENCY REPORTED IN Q9A REPORTED IN Q9A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 78  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 3: HEALTH FOR ALL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS DISABILITY 17 18 19 20 21 E1 22 23 24 In the past In the past 4 During the past During the past 12 How much did CAPI/ Does [NAME] have Does [NAME] have Does [NAME] have 4 weeks, did weeks, how much 12 months, was months, how many [NAME] pay in ENUMERATOR: IS difficulty seeing, even difficulty hearing, difficulty walking or [NAME] spend did [NAME] pay [NAME] admitted nights did [NAME] total for staying RESPONDENT 5 if he/she is using even if he/she is climbing steps? any money for these drugs or to a hospital or stay in a hospital in a hospital or YEARS OLD OR glasses? using a hearing aid? for drugs or medicines? health facility? or health facility? health facility OLDER? IF YES, Read responses medicines over in the last 12 READ: “The next READ RESPONSES Read responses the counter or INCLUDE INCLUDE months? questions ask about NO, at kiosks or by TRADITIONAL TRADITIONAL difficulties you may NO, NO DIFFICULTY........ 1 prescription? HEALING HEALING have doing certain NO DIFFICULTY........ 1 NO, YES, SOME.................... 2 CENTERS CENTERS activities because YES, SOME.................... 2 NO DIFFICULTY........ 1 YES, A LOT................... 3 INDIVIDUAL ID of a HEALTH YES, A LOT................... 3 YES, SOME.................... 2 CANNOT DO............ 4 PROBLEM.” CANNOT DO............ 4 YES, A LOT................... 3 CANNOT DO............ 4 YES... 1 YES... 1 YES... 1 NO... 2 Q19 NO... 2 Q22 NO... 2 Q29 CURRENCY NIGHTS CURRENCY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ANNEX II  79 SECTION 3: HEALTH FOR ALL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS CODED OCC CODED OCC DISABILITY TREATED BEDNET 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Does [NAME] Does [NAME] have Using his/her Does this difficulty (these difficulties) Did [NAME] Was the bednet How did the household How much have difficulty difficulty with self usual (customary) reduce the amount of work [NAME] sleep under [NAME] slept under obtain [NAME]’s did the remembering or care such as washing language, can do at home, at school, or at work? a bednet yesterday treated or bednet? household concentrating? all over or dressing? does [NAME] yesterday untreated? pay for the have difficulty FREE GIFT.............1 Q33 bednet? READ RESPONSES READ RESPONSES communicating, YES, ALL THE TIME............................. 1 YES... 1 YES, TREATED PURCHASED........2 for example YES, SOMETIMES................................ 2 NO... 2 Q33 LESS THAN 6 MONTHS OLD.............. 1 PURCHASED NO, NO, understanding or NO, NOT AT ALL............................... 3 YES, W/ VOUCHER......3 NO DIFFICULTY........ 1 NO DIFFICULTY........ 1 being understood? NO, NOT ATTENDING TREATED MORE THAN YES, SOME.................... 2 YES, SOME.................... 2 SCHOOL OR WORKING............... 4 6 MONTHS OLD.............. 2 YES, A LOT................... 3 YES, A LOT................... 3 READ RESPONSES NOT TREATED.................. 3 CANNOT DO............ 4 CANNOT DO............ 4 INDIVIDUAL ID NO, NO DIFFICULTY........ 1 YES, SOME.................... 2 YES, A LOT................... 3 CANNOT DO............ 4 AT HOME AT SCHOOL AT WORK CURRENCY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 3: HEALTH FOR ALL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS CODED OCC ANTHROPOMETRY SECTION 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 CAPI/ INTERVIEWER: WAS INTERVIEWER: WHY ENUMERATOR: IS WEIGHT LENGTH OR HEIGHT ENUMERATOR: WAS INTERVIEWER: IS [NAME] MEASURED? WAS [NAME] NOT [NAME] ABLE TO (up to two CHILD MEASURED [NAME] A CHILD MEASURED? STAND ON THE decimal places) FOR A CHILD UNDER STANDING UP OR AGED LESS THAN 60 SCALE? 2 YRS OLD, MEASURE LAYING DOWN? MONTHS (LESS THAN NOT AT HOME DURING LENGTH LYING 5 YEARS)? SURVEY PERIOD.......................1 DOWN INDIVIDUAL ID TOO ILL.......................................2 UNWILLING..............................3 FOR A CHILD AGED STANDING UP.................. 1 OTHER (SPECIFY).....................4 YES... 1 YES... 1 Q36 YES... 1 2 OR MORE YRS, LAYING DOWN............... 2 NO... 2 NEXT NO... 2 NO... 2 MEASURE HEIGHT NEXT PERSON PERSON STANDING UP KILOGRAMS CENTIMETERS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ANNEX II  81 SECTION 4: LABOR FOR HOUSEHOLD MEMBER 15 YEARS OLD OR OLDER ENUMERATOR READ: we would like to ask you questions regarding the different activities that you and your household members do. CODED E/O CODED E/O Wage NFE operator NFE Recovery Farm Recovery worker NFE farm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8a 9 10 11 CAPI/ IS [NAME] WHO IS Last week, that is How many Last week, How many Last week, Last week, How many Last week, Last week, ENUMERATOR: REPORTING RESPONDING from Monday [DATE] hours did did [NAME] hours did did [NAME] did [NAME] hours did did [NAME] did [NAME] IS THE FOR ON BEHALF up to Sunday [DATE], [NAME] do work in a [NAME] do work in a help in a [NAME] do work on help on a RESPONDENT HIMSELF/ OF [NAME]? did [NAME] do any this work non-farm this work non-farm non-farm this work household household 15 YEARS OR HERSELF? work for someone last week? household last week? household household last week? farming, farming, OLDER? else for pay for one business that business that business that raising raising or more hours? [NAME] is operated is operated livestock, livestock, operates, for by another by another fishing or fishing or INCLUDE PAID one or more household household forestry forestry APPRENTICESHIPS hours? member for member for activities, for activities for AND PAID one or more one or more one or more one or more YES... 1 INTERNSHIPS. hours? hours? hours? hours? INDIVIDUAL ID NO... 2  NEXT PERSON YES... 1 Q4 YES... 1 YES... 1 YES... 1 YES... 1 YES... 1 NO... 2 NO... 2 Q6 NO... 2 Q9 NO... 2 YES... 1 NO... 2 Q8 NO... 2 Q10 Q12 Q14 NO... 2 ID CODE HOURS HOURS HOURS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Designer Note: See guidebook for guidance on determining age limit for this section. 82  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 4: LABOR FOR HOUSEHOLD MEMBER 15 YEARS OLD OR OLDER ENUMERATOR READ: we would like to ask you questions regarding the different activities that you and your household members do. CODED E/O CODED E/O CODED E/O CODED E/O CODED E/O Recovery farm Filter Recovery question Recovery question 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Last week, did How many Thinking about all the CAPI/ Last week, did [NAME] Or, did How many Was [NAME]’s Thinking about all the [NAME] help hours did products [NAME] worked ENUMERATOR: run or do any kind [NAME] help hours did work in products [NAME] on a household [NAME] do on household farming, REVIEW of business, farming with the [NAME] do HH farming, worked on, are they farming, raising this work in raising livestock, fishing or QUESTIONS Q4, or other activity to business, farm this work in livestock, intended... livestock, fishing the last week? forestry activities are they Q6, Q8, Q8A, generate income? or paid job of the last week? fishing, or or forestry intended... Q10, AND Q11: IS a household forestry READ OPTIONS activities for one THERE ANY YES? READ ONLY IF member? activities? or more hours? READ OPTIONS NEEDED: For example: Only for sale........... 1 making things for sale, YES... 1 YES... 1 Mainly for sale........ 2 YES... 1 Q20 Only for sale.......1 YES... 1 buying or reselling NO... 2 Q20 NO... 2 Q20 Mainly for NO... 2 Q14 Mainly for sale....2 Q20 Q20 if Q10=1 things, provided paid household use........ 3 Mainly for Q21 if Q10=2 services, growing Only for household use....3 NO... 2 products, raising animals, household use........ 4 INDIVIDUAL ID Only for catching fish, hunting or household use....4 foraging for sale. YES... 1 Q17 NO... 2 HOURS HOURS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Programmer Note: Q14 is auto-calculated when using CAPI Q39 is static text in CAPI Designer Note: Q15- Q19 are optional but encouraged. If used, must include the whole set. Not needed in contexts where most of the work is formal employment. ANNEX II  83 SECTION 4: LABOR FOR HOUSEHOLD MEMBER 15 YEARS OLD OR OLDER ENUMERATOR READ: we would like to ask you questions regarding the different activities that you and your household members do. Recovery question Temporary absence 20 21 22 23 24 25 CAPI/ CAPI/ENUMERATOR: Does [NAME] have a job, Why did [NAME] not work during Including the time that During the low or off- ENUMERATOR: IS ENTER APPROPRIATE CODE business or family farm the last week? [NAME] has already season, does [NAME] (Q13==3 | Q13==4) from which he/she was been absent, will [NAME] continue to do some OR 1. NO TYPE OF WORK absent last week? WAITING TO START NEW JOB return to that same job, work for that job, (Q19==3 | Q19==4)? Q4==Q6==Q8==Q8A==2 & OR BUSINESS................................................... 1 business or household business, or household Q10==Q11==Q15==Q16==2 LOW OR OFF-SEASON .............................. 2 Q25 farm in three months or farm? SHIFT WORK, FLEXI TIME, YES... 1 ENTER 1 Q22 YES... 1 less? NATURE OF WORK...................................... 3 NO... 2 NO... 2 Q28 VACATION, HOLIDAYS ............................... 4 2. FAMILY FARM/AGRIC ONLY, SICKNESS, ILLNESS, ACCIDENT ............... 5 YES... 1 Q20==1 & Q4==Q6==Q8==2 MATERNITY, PATERNITY LEAVE ............... 6 YES... 1 Q26 NO... 2 Q28 ENTER 2 Q28 EDUCATION LEAVE OR TRAINING ....... 7 NO... 2 Q28 OTHER PERSONAL LEAVE 3. WORKED ANY AGRIC (CARE FOR FAMILY, CIVIC DUTIES)......... 8 FOR MARKET, ANY WAGE, TEMPORARY LAY OFF, NO CLIENTS OR MATERIALS, WORK BREAK................. 9 INDIVIDUAL ID OR ANY NFE BAD WEATHER, Q4==1 | Q6==1 |Q8==1 | NATURAL DISASTER , ETC ...................... 10 Q8A==1 |Q18==2 | Q20==2 STRIKE OR LABOUR DISPUTE ...............11 ENTER 3 Q38 LONG-TERM DISABILITY ......................... 12 OTHER (SPECIFY) ....................................... 13 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 84  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 4: LABOR FOR HOUSEHOLD MEMBER 15 YEARS OLD OR OLDER ENUMERATOR READ: we would like to ask you questions regarding the different activities that you and your household members do. Temporary absence Job search 26 27 28 29 30 31 Was [NAME]’s work Thinking about all the During the last four Or did [NAME] try to What did [NAME] mainly do in the last four weeks to For how long has [NAME] in household farming, products [NAME] worked weeks, did [NAME] start a business? find a paid job or start a business? been without work and livestock, fishing or on, are they intended... do anything to find a SELECT UP TO TWO trying to find a job or start forestry activities? paid job? YES... 1 a business? READ OPTIONS NO... 2 Q32 APPLY TO PROSPECTIVE EMPLOYERS FOR A YES... 1 PAID JOB OR INTERNSHIP...............................................................1 LESS THAN 1 MONTH..........1 NO... 2 Q39 Only for sale........... 1 Q39 YES... 1 Q30 PLACE OR ANSWER JOB ADVERTISEMENTS..............................2 1 TO < 3 MONTHS.................2 Mainly for sale........ 2 Q39 NO... 2 POST/UPDATE RESUME ON PROFESSIONAL/ 3 TO < 6 MONTHS.................3 6 TO < 12 MONTHS..............4 Mainly for SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES........................................................3 1 YEAR TO < 2 YEARS............5 household use........ 3 REGISTER WITH PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICE....................4 2 YEARS OR MORE................6 Only for REGISTER WITH A PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT household use........ 4 CENTRE/AGENCY...............................................................................5 ALL Q34 TAKE PUBLIC SERVICE EXAM OR INTERVIEW..........................6 TAKE PRIVATE COMPANY’S EXAM OR INTERVIEW................7 SEEK HELP FROM RELATIVES, FRIENDS, OTHERS.....................8 CHECK AT FACTORIES, WORK SITES............................................9 WAIT ON THE STREET TO BE RECRUITED............................. 10 SEEK FINANCIAL HELP TO START A BUSINESS...................... 11 LOOK FOR LAND, BUILDING, EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS TO START A BUSINESS............................................. 12 INDIVIDUAL ID DEVELOPED A BUSINESS PLAN................................................... 13 APPLY FOR A PERMIT OR LICENSE TO START A BUSINESS.... 14 OTHER (SPECIFY).............................................................................. 15 NO SECOND ACTIVITY................................................................. 16 Action 1 Action 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ANNEX II  85 SECTION 4: LABOR FOR HOUSEHOLD MEMBER 15 YEARS OLD OR OLDER ENUMERATOR READ: we would like to ask you questions regarding the different activities that you and your household members do. Job search 32 33 34 35 36 At present does [name] What is the main reason [NAME] did not try to find a If a job or business Or could [NAME] start Why is [NAME] not available to start working? want to work? paid job or start a business in the last 4 weeks? opportunity had been working within the next available, could [NAME] 2 weeks? AWAITING RECALL FROM A PREVIOUS JOB...... 1 WAITING FOR RESULTS OF A PREVIOUS SEARCH............1 have started working last WAITING FOR SEASON TO START........................ 2 AWAITING RECALL FROM A PREVIOUS JOB........................ 2 week? IN STUDIES, TRAINING............................................... 3 WAITING FOR THE SEASON TO START................................. 3 FAMILY/HOUSEHOLD RESPONSIBILITIES............. 4 WAITING TO START NEW JOB OR BUSINESS...................... 4 YES... 1 Q37 IN FAMILY FARMING/LIVESTOCK/FISHING YES... 1 TIRED OF LOOKING FOR JOBS, NO JOBS IN AREA..........5 NO... 2 YES... 1 Q37 FOR FAMILY USE............................................................ 5 NO... 2 Q37 NO JOBS MATCHING SKILLS, LACKS EXPERIENCE............6 NO... 2 RETIRED, PENSIONER.................................................. 6 CONSIDERED TOO YOUNG/OLD BY EMPLOYERS............. 7 OWN DISABILITY, INJURY, OR ILLNESS................. 7 IN STUDIES, TRAINING................................................................. 8 OLD AGE.......................................................................... 8 FAMILY/HOUSEHOLD RESPONSIBILITIES............................... 9 IN AGRICULTURE/FISHING FOR FAMILY USE.....................10 INDIVIDUAL ID OWN DISABILITY, INJURY, ILLNESS ........................................11 RETIRED, PENSIONER ...............................................................12 OTHER SOURCES OF INCOME ..............................................13 OLD AGE (“TOO OLD”).............................................................14 OTHER (SPECIFY)..........................................................................15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 86  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 4: LABOR FOR HOUSEHOLD MEMBER 15 YEARS OLD OR OLDER ENUMERATOR READ: we would like to ask you questions regarding the different activities that you and your household members do. Job search Main job identification Main job 37 38 39 40 41 42 Which of the following best describes Last week, that is from ENUMERATOR What are [NAME]’s What is the main In [NAME]’s main job, does [NAME] work... what [NAME] is mainly doing at present? monday [DATE] up to READ: I am now main tasks and duties in activity of this business sunday [DATE], did going to ask you [NAME]’s main job? or organization where READ RESPONSES PLEASE READ ALL OPTIONS [NAME] have more some questions [NAME] works in this than one job or about [NAME]’s main job? In own business or farming activity......... 1 Studying or training..................................... 1 business? main job. The main In a business or farm operated Engaged in household or family job is the one where by a household or family member........... 2 responsibilities.............................................. 2 Yes... 1 [NAME] usually As an employee for someone else........... 3 Household farming, livestock, fishing, No... 2 Q40 works the highest As an apprentice, trainee, intern............... 4 or forest activities for household use...... 3 number of hours Helping a family member who works Retired or pensioner................................... 4 (even if [NAME] was for someone else......................................... 5 With a long-term illness, injury or temporarily absent disability.......................................................... 5 last week). Doing volunteering, community or charity work.................................................. 6 Engaged in cultural or INDIVIDUAL ID leisure activities............................................ 7 Old age........................................................... 8 ALL  NEXT SECTION WRITTEN ISCO WRITTEN ISCO DESCRIPTION CODE DESCRIPTION CODE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Designer Note: For Q40-41, determine IN ADVANCE who will code, or how it will be coded/incorporated into CAPI. Applies to Q60-Q61 as well. ANNEX II  87 SECTION 4: LABOR FOR HOUSEHOLD MEMBER 15 YEARS OLD OR OLDER ENUMERATOR READ: we would like to ask you questions regarding the different activities that you and your household members do. Main job 43 44 45 46 47 48 48b In the past How many How many How many How much does [NAME] What kind of enterprise/ establishment does In what kind of place does [NAME] typically 12 months, weeks per days per hours per day usually earn in this main [NAME] work for in his/her main job? work? during month does week does does [NAME] job? Over what time how many [NAME] [NAME] usually work interval? GOVERNMENT OR STATE-OWNED DO NOT READ OUT LOUD, CODE months did usually work usually work in this main ENTERPRISE (FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL)...................1  Q54 RESPONSE AS APPROPRIATE. [NAME] in this main in this main job? FOR HH BUSINESS PRIVATE AGRICULTURAL ENTITY..............................2 work this job? job? REPORT PROFIT (IE. NET PRIVATE NON-AGRICULTURAL ENTITY.................3 AT YOUR HOME (NO SPECIAL WORK SPACE)........1 main job? INCOME AFTER COST OTHER HOUSEHOLD(S)/INDIVIDUAL WORK SPACE INSIDE OR DEDUCTIONS) (EX: DOMESTIC WORKER)...........................................4 Q53 ATTACHED TO YOUR HOME....................................... 2 NGO, NON-PROFIT INSTITUTION, FACTORY, OFFICE, WORKSHOP, SHOP, KIOSK, TIME UNIT HOUR............ 1 OR CHURCH.....................................................................5 ETC. (INDEPENDENT FROM HOME)........................ 3 DAY........................................ 2 INTERNATIONAL ORG. OR HOME OR WORKPLACE OF CLIENT WEEK.................................... 3 A FOREIGN EMBASSY....................................................6 Q69 (EXCEPT CONSTRUCTION)........................................ 4 FORTNIGHT....................... 4 EMPLOYER’S HOME ....................................................... 5 MONTH................................ 5 CONSTRUCTION SITE ................................................. 6 QUARTER............................ 6 MARKET OR BAZAAR STALL ..................................... 7 HALF YEAR.......................... 7 STREET STALL YEAR...................................... 8 (SEPARATE FROM THE DWELLING).......................... 8 INDIVIDUAL ID NO FIXED LOCATION (MOBILE) ............................. 9 PLANTATION, FARMS, ESTATES, SHADES, SEA ETC. (AGRICULTURAL RELATED)............................ 10 MONTHS WEEKS DAYS HOURS PER CURRENCY TIME DAY UNIT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Programmer Note: For Q47, 0 is a valid option if Q26=2or5 For Q56-57, in CAPI use Yes/No radial buttons for each component. Q59 is static text in CAPI For Q67, 0 is a valid option if Q42=2or5 88  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 4: LABOR FOR HOUSEHOLD MEMBER 15 YEARS OLD OR OLDER ENUMERATOR READ: we would like to ask you questions regarding the different activities that you and your household members do. Main job Employees & Interns only 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 Is the business [NAME] Is the business What kind of accounts or records CAPI/ Including [NAME], What is the status of [NAME]’s Is [NAME]’s employer works for incorporated, [NAME] works does this business keep? ENUMERATOR: IS how many people contract/ agreement in his/her responsible for deducting for example as a for registered Q42==3 OR 4? work at his/her main job? any taxes on [NAME]’s [limited company or in the [National READ ALL OPTIONS place of work? income, or is that partnership]? Business YES... 1 PERMANENT/PENSIONABLE/JOB.......1 [NAME]’s responsibility? Register]? COMPLETE WRITTEN ACOUNTS NO... 2 Q58 1................ 1 CONTRACT, LESS THAN 1 YEAR........2 YES................... 1 Q52 FOR TAX PURPOSES ..............................1 2-4 ........... 2 CONTRACT, 1-5 YEARS..........................3 EMPLOYER RESPONSIBLE....1 NO................... 2 YES................... 1 SIMPLIFIED WRITTEN ACCOUNTS, 5-9............ 3 CONTRACT, MORE THAN 5 YEARS.....4 [NAME] RESPONSIBLE..........2 DON’T NO................... 2 NOT FOR TAX PURPOSES ...................2 10-19........ 4 WITHOUT ANY CONTRACT.............5 NOT APPLICABLE..................3 INDIVIDUAL ID KNOW.......... 98 DON’T INFORMAL RECORDS OF ORDERS, 20-49........ 5 OTHER (SPECIFY).....................................6 KNOW.......... 98 SALES, PURCHASES..................................3 50+........... 6 DON’T KNOW.......................................98 NO RECORDS KEPT...............................4 DON’T KNOW ......................................98 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ANNEX II  89 SECTION 4: LABOR FOR HOUSEHOLD MEMBER 15 YEARS OLD OR OLDER ENUMERATOR READ: we would like to ask you questions regarding the different activities that you and your household members do. Employees & Interns only Optional (gender-focus) 56a b c d e f g h i 57a b c d e 58 59 Does [NAME]’s main job employer pay/provide the following benefits? Has [NAME] experienced any of the following CAPI/ENUMERATOR: IS Enumerator read: i am difficulties in [name]’s main job? Q38==1? now going to ask you READ ALL THE OPTIONS TO THE RESPONDENT, AND MARK ALL THAT APPLY some questions about WITH “X” Read all the options to the respondent, and YES... 1 [NAME]’s secondary job. mark all that apply with “x” NO... 2 Q68 The secondary job is the one where [NAME] usually works the second highest number of hours, even if [NAME] was temporarily absent last week. INDIVIDUAL ID Paid/subsidized Other benefits Assigned tasks Paid maternity meals at work below level of getting a raise Paid medical/ traveling to/ Harassed at Paid annual or parental promotion from work retirement Transport education insurance sick leave Disability Difficulty Difficulty Difficulty getting a Pension/ vacation in salary leave or benefits pension subsidy Health work leave 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 90  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 4: LABOR FOR HOUSEHOLD MEMBER 15 YEARS OLD OR OLDER ENUMERATOR READ: we would like to ask you questions regarding the different activities that you and your household members do. Second job (O/E) 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 What are [NAME]’s main What is the main In [NAME]’s second job, does [NAME] work... In the past How many How many How many How much does tasks and duties in his/her activity of this business 12 months, weeks per days per hours per day [NAME] usually earn secondary job? or organization where READ RESPONSES during how month does week does does [NAME] in this job? Over [NAME] works in this many months [NAME] [NAME] usually work what time interval? secondary job? In own business or farming activity.... 1 Q68 did [NAME] usually work usually work in this job? In a business or farm operated work this in this job? in this job? FOR HH BUSINESS by household or family member.......... 2 Q68 job? REPORT PROFIT As an employee for someone else...... 3 (IE. NET INCOME As an apprentice, trainee, intern.......... 4 AFTER COST Helping a family member who DEDUCTIONS) Q68 works for someone else........................ 5 TIME UNIT HOUR......................... 1 DAY.............................. 2 WEEK.......................... 3 FORTNIGHT............. 4 MONTH...................... 5 INDIVIDUAL ID QUARTER.................. 6 HALF YEAR................ 7 YEAR............................ 8 WRITTEN ISCO WRITTEN ISIC MONTHS WEEKS DAYS HOURS CURRENCY TIME DESCRIPTION CODE DESCRIPTION CODE PER DAY UNIT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ANNEX II  91 SECTION 4: LABOR FOR HOUSEHOLD MEMBER 15 YEARS OLD OR OLDER ENUMERATOR READ: we would like to ask you questions regarding the different activities that you and your household members do. Additional work desires (OCC) 68 69 70 71 72 73 During the last four Would [NAME] want If additional paid work How many additional Does [NAME] want to What is the main reason [NAME] wants to change weeks, did [NAME] to work more hours was available, could hours per week could change his/her current his/her employment situation? look for additional or per week than usually [NAME] start working [NAME] work? employment situation? other paid work? worked, provided the more hours within the PRESENT JOB IS TEMPORARY........................................... 1 extra hours are paid? next two weeks? TO HAVE A BETTER PAID JOB.......................................... 2 TO HAVE MORE CLIENTS/BUSINESS............................. 3 TO WORK MORE HOURS................................................. 4 INDIVIDUAL ID YES... 1 YES... 1 YES... 1 YES... 1 TO WORK FEWER HOURS................................................ 5 NO... 2 NO... 2 Q72 NO... 2 Q72 NO... 2 NEXT SECTION TO BETTER MATCH SKILLS............................................... 6 TO WORK CLOSER TO HOME......................................... 7 TO IMPROVE OTHER WORKING CONDITIONS....... 8 OTHER (SPECIFY).................................................................. 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 92  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 4B: OWN USE PRODUCTION OF GOODS THESE QUESTIONS REFER TO ACTIVITIES PERFORMED WITHOUT ANY PAY CODED OCC CODED OCC CODED OCC CODED OCC CODED OCC CODED OCC CODED OCC CODED OCC CODED OCC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 CAPI/ ENUMERATOR: ENUMERATOR: ENUMERATOR Last week, did How many hours Last week, did How many hours Last week, did ENUMERATOR: IS [NAME] WHO IS READ: [NAME] spend any did [NAME] do [NAME] spend did [NAME] do [NAME] spend any IS THE REPORTING FOR RESPONDING The next questions time gathering wild this activity last any time hunting this activity last time making goods RESPONDENT HIM/HERSELF? ON BEHALF OF are about other food, such as wild week? animals (e.g. for week? for use by the 15 YEARS OR [NAME]? activities that berries, nuts, herbs, bush meat) mainly household such as OLDER? [NAME] may mushrooms, roots, for consumption (furniture, pottery, COPY ID have done last etc.), mainly for by the household baskets, clothing, FROM ROSTER week, that is from consumption by or family? mats...)? SECTION 1 Monday [DATE] up the household or to Sunday [DATE], family? without pay, in YES... 1 YES... 1 Q4 addition to what ID CODE NO... 2 NEXT NO... 2 you already told YES... 1 YES... 1 YES... 1 PERSON me. NO... 2 Q7 NO... 2 Q9 NO... 2 Q11 ID CODE HOURS HOURS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Programmer Note: This entire section is OCC. If this section (S4B) will be implemented, S4 will become S4A. Designer Note: This section captures own-use production of other goods, for a complete accounting of these labor activities. Questions should be reviewed and selected based on their relevance for the survey/country context. Own-use production of services will be forthcoming. ANNEX II  93 SECTION 4B: OWN USE PRODUCTION OF GOODS THESE QUESTIONS REFER TO ACTIVITIES PERFORMED WITHOUT ANY PAY CODED OCC CODED OCC CODED OCC CODED OCC CODED OCC CODED OCC CODED OCC CODED OCC CODED OCC 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 How many hours Last week, did How many hours Last week, did How many hours Last week, did How many hours Last week, did [NAME] How many hours did [NAME] do [NAME] fetch did [NAME] do [NAME] collect did [NAME] do [NAME] spend did [NAME] do do any construction did [NAME] do this activity last water from this activity last any firewood or this activity last any time preparing this activity last work her/himself to this activity last week? natural or public week? other natural week? food or drinks to week? renovate, extend or week? sources for use by products for use preserve them for the build the household’s the household? as fuel by the household? dwelling? household? [for example: flour, dried fish/meat, butter, cheese, marmalade, spirits, alcoholic beverages…] YES... 1 YES... 1 YES... 1 YES... 1 ID CODE NO... 2 Q13 NO... 2 Q15 NO... 2 Q17 NO... 2 NEXT PERSON HOURS HOURS HOURS HOURS HOURS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 94  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 5A: HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES 1 RECORD ID OF PRIMARY RESPONDENT ID CODE During the past 12 months, has anyone in your household… YES... 1 NO... 2 2 … owned a non-agricultural business or provided a non-agricultural service, either from home or from a household-owned shop? Examples include owning a carwash, metal worker, mechanic, carpenter, tailor, barber, etc. 3 … sold any processed products derived from PURCHASED crops, livestock, fishing, or forest products? This means raw materials that were not grown, raised, fished, or foraged/collected by your household, but instead were purchased by your household and then processed for sale. Examples include flour, juice, beer, jam, oil, seed, fish filets, cured meats, wicker baskets, etc. 4 … owned a trading business on a street or in a market? 5 … offered any service or hawked/sold anything on a street or in a market? Examples include firewood, home-made charcoal, curios, construction timber, traditional medicine, mats, bricks, furniture, weave baskets, thatch grass, etc. 6 … offered professional services, from home or from an office, as a doctor, accountant, lawyer, translator, private tutor, midwife, mason, etc.? 7 … offered transportation or moving services as a driver of a household-owned or rented taxi, motorbike, or truck? 8 … owned a bar, restaurant, or food stand? 9 …owned any other non-agricultural business, even if it is a small activity run from home or on a street? E1 CAPI/ENUMERATOR: IS THERE ANY YES RESPONSE IN Q2 THRU Q9? YES... 1 NO... 2 Q12 Designer Note: The wording of Q5 should take into consideration the final design of the Forest Use module in the accompanying Agriculture Questionnaire. As worded here, it includes products sold by the household (a) even if not processed or collected by the household; (b) collected/foraged by the household and sold unprocessed; and (c) collected/foraged by the household and processed by the household. Categories (b) and (c) should be collected either here or in the Agriculture module, not in both. The decision for each should be based on the desired level of detail for such activities. Programmer Note: When the questions coded as OCC are not used, the skip instruction in E1 must change to “NO...2  Section 6” ANNEX II  95 SECTION 5A: HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES 10 Generally speaking, what are the 3 biggest constraints to starting a household (non-farm) business? 1st: 2nd: 3rd: 11 Currently, what are the 3 main constraints to operate and grow this household’s (non-farm) business(es)? 1st: 2nd: CODED OCC 3rd S5B 12 In recent years, have you or anyone in your household thought about starting a non-farm business or a self employment activity? YES... 1 NO... 2 SECTION 6 13 What are the three most important constraints to starting a household non-farm business? 1st: 2nd: 3rd S6 CODES FOR Q10, Q11, Q13 ELECTRICITY ..................................................... 1 HIGH INTEREST RATES................................... 6 REGISTRATION AND PERMITS......................... 11 NETWORK ......................................................... 2 ACCESS TO MARKETS..................................... 7 HIGH TAXES............................................................ 12 TRANSPORTATION.......................................... 3 LOW DEMAND................................................. 8 CRIMINALITY, THEFT AND LAWLESSNESS... 13 UNABLE TO BORROW MONEY.................. 4 CORRUPTION................................................... 9 CONFLICTS AND SOCIAL FRICTION........... 14 UNWILLING TO BORROW MONEY.......... 5 UNCERTAIN ECONOMIC POLICY........... 10 OTHER, SPECIFY.................................................... 15 96  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 5B: HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES CODED O/E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 WRITE THE ID Please describe each Is this Is this [ACTIVITY] Why did this When did this Who in the household owns Who in your household CODE OF THE of the businesses, [ACTIVITY] closed permanently, [ACTIVITY] stop? [ACTIVITY] stop this [ACTIVITY]? decides on the use of the RESPONDENT trades or self- currently seasonally, or operating? earnings from this activity? employed activities operating? temporarily? LEGAL PROBLEMS..............1 LIST ALL that individuals in COULD NOT LIST ALL your household did in YES... 1 PERMANENTLY..1 OBTAIN INPUTS.................2 the past 12 months. Q6 SEASONALLY......2 Q5 LACK OF DEMAND..........3 Include ALL activities NO... 2 TEMPORARILY....3 LOW PROFITS..................... 4 even if they are not COULD NOT currently ongoing. OBTAIN CREDIT................5 TOO MUCH DEBT.............6 INTERVIEWER: SECURITY ISSUES...............7 PLEASE PROVIDE DEATH/SICKNESS A WRITTEN OF OWNER......................... 8 DESCRIPTION CONFLICT (MILITANCY/ CONCERNING THE INSURGENCY).................... 9 MAIN ACTIVITY/ OTHER, SPECIFY...............10 PRODUCT/ SERVICE OF EACH ENTERPRISE THAT THE HOUSEHOLD OPERATED DURING THE PAST 12 MONTHS. FIRST, LIST ALL ACTIVITIES HERE. THEN, CONTINUE WITH THE FOLLOW UP QUESTIONS FOR ENTERPRISE NO ONE ACTIVITY AT A TIME. OWNER OWNER OWNER ID CODE 1 2 3 TYPE OF INDUSTRY MONTH YEAR ID CODE ID CODE ID CODE ID CODE ID CODE ID CODE ACTIVITY CODE 1 2 3 4 5 ANNEX II  97 SECTION 5B: HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES CODED OCC 8 9 10 11 11alt 12 Who in the household manages Who is the How many During how During which of the past 12 months was [ACTIVITY] in operation? Where do you operate this [ACTIVITY] or is most respondent YEARS many of [ACTIVITY]? familiar with it? providing ago did the the past 12 INTERVIEWER: INDICATE THE MONTHS OPERATED WITH AN “X” information [ACTIVITY] months was HOME IF POSSIBLE, ASK THE REST about this first start [activity] in (INSIDE RESIDENCE).............1 OF THE QUESTIONS TO THE [ACTIVITY]? operating? operation? HOME MANAGER(S). (OUTSIDE RESIDENCE)........2 IF STARTED INDUSTRIAL SITE...................3 LIST UP TO THREE MANAGERS. IN THE TRADITIONAL MARKET.....4 LAST 12 COMMERCIAL MONTHS, AREA SHOP..............................5 ENTER 0 ROADSIDE................................6 OTHER FIXED PLACE...........7 ENTERPRISE NO MOBILE/NO FIXED LOCATION..............................8 OTHER (SPECIFY)...................9 MANAGER MANAGER MANAGER 1 2 3 mar apr may june july aug sept oct nov dec jan feb ID CODE ID CODE ID CODE ID CODE YEARS 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 19 19 1 2 3 4 5 Designer Note: When using Q11 alt, Q5 is not needed and should be deleted. 98  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 5B: HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES 13 14 15 16 17 During the past Is this a. Who are the household members engaged in this How many What was the main source 12 months, did [ACTIVITY] [ACTIVITY]? OCC OPTION FOR Q15B: employees are of start-up capital for this your household officially b. During how many of the past 12 months did [NAME] work in there who are [ACTIVITY]? make any registered ASK WHICH MONTHS not household this [ACTIVITY]? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY INSTEAD OF HOW MANY. payments with the members? LIST UP TO THREE IN ORDER to local government? c. During these months, how many days per month did [NAME] OF IMPORTANCE. authorities work in [ACTIVITY]? MONTHS (government YES... 1 d. How many hours per day did [NAME] normally work in ALL YEAR.......................................0 HOUSEHOLD SAVINGS.......................1 or non- NO... 2 [ACTIVITY]? JANUARY 2018............................1 NGO SUPPORT.......................................2 government) to FEBRUARY 2018..........................2 LOAN FROM BANK allow operation ASK FOR ALL MEMBERS THAT WORKED ON THE MARCH 2018...............................3 (COMMERCIAL, MICRO FINANCE, of this APRIL 2018....................................4 CREDIT UNION)....................................3 [ACTIVITY] [ACTIVITY]? MAY 2018......................................5 MONEY LENDER....................................4 JUNE 2018.....................................6 ROSCAS - ROTATING CREDIT YES... 1 JULY 2018......................................7 AND SAVINGS ASSOCIATIONS/ GROUPS {USE LOCAL NAMES}.........5 NO... 2 AUGUST 2018.............................8 SEPTEMBER 2018........................9 OTHER LOANS.......................................6 OCTOBER 2018....................... 10 DISTRICT/TOWN ASSOCIATION NOVEMBER 2018..................... 11 SUPPORT...................................................7 DECEMBER 2018...................... 12 COOPERATIVE/ TRADE ASSOCIATIONS.......................8 JANUARY 2019......................... 13 FEBRUARY 2019....................... 14 REMITTANCES FROM ABROAD........9 PROCEEDS FROM FAMILY FARM....10 CHURCH/MOSQUE ASSISTANCE....11 PROCEEDS FROM FAMILY ENTERPRISE NO NON-FARM ENTERPRISE..................12 RELATIVES/FRIENDS............................13 OTHER (SPECIFY).................................14 HH MEMBER #1 HH MEMBER #2 HH MEMBER #3 DAYS HOURS DAYS HOURS DAYS HOURS ID MONTHS PER PER ID MONTHS PER PER ID MONTHS PER PER MALE FEMALE 1ST 2ND 3RD MONTH DAY MONTH DAY MONTH DAY 1 2 3 4 5 ANNEX II  99 SECTION 5B: HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES CODED O/E CODED O/E 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 During the past From which source Did your During the past During the past How much MONEY does To whom do you sell What is the What is the 12 months, did did your household household 12 months, 12 months, has the household pay on all your products or current value total value of any member of apply for the credit? eventually get how much has your household loans for this activity? services? of the physical the current your household credit from the your household been repaying capital stock, stock of inputs try to get credit SELECT UP TO banks or other borrowed IN any loans (in cash WEEKLY..............................1 LIST UP TO 2 BUYERS including or supplies for for this [activity] TWO formal financial TOTAL for this or kind) for this EVERY 2 WEEKS...............2 IN ORDER OF all tools, this activity? from banks or agencies for this [ACTIVITY]? [ACTIVITY]? MONTHLY.........................3 IMPORTANCE. generators, other formal LOAN FROM BANK [ACTIVITY]? EVERY 3 MONTHS..........4 equipment, INPUTS AND (COMMERCIAL, FINAL CONSUMERS............1 financial agencies? MICRO FINANCE, INCLUDE EVERY 6 MONTHS..........5 buildings, land, SUPPLIES DO PAYMENTS YEARLY ........................... 6 TRADERS................................ 2 and vehicles, NOT INCLUDE CREDIT UNION).............1 Note this YES... 1 IN PAST 12 OTHER (SPECIFY)............7 OTHER SMALL that are used PHYSICAL MONEY LENDER.............2 BUSINESSES............................ 3 only refers to COOPERATIVE/TRADE NO... 2 Q22 MONTHS FOR LARGE ESTABLISHED for this activity? CAPITAL business loans, ASSOCIATIONS...............3 ALL LOANS STOCK BUSINESSES............................ 4 not personal OTHER (SPECIFY)............4 (NOT ONLY INSTITUTIONS NOT ASKED REPORTED IN loans. NEW LOANS (SCHOOLS, HOSPITALS, TO THOSE Q25 ENTERPRISE NO GOVT MINISTRIES)..............5 IN PAST 12 PERMANENTLY EXPORT................................... 6 YES... 1 MONTHS) CLOSED NOT ASKED MANUFACTURERS..............7 NO... 2 Q22 OTHER (SPECIFY).................8 TO THOSE YES... 1 PERMANENTLY NO... 2 Q25 CLOSED CODE CURRENCY CURRENCY CODE 1ST 2ND CURRENCY CURRENCY 1 2 3 4 5 100  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 5B: HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES CODED E/O CODED CODED CODED E/O CODED E/O OCC OCC 27 28 28 alt1a 28 alt1b 28 alt2a 28 alt2b What is the During During During During What were the business costs during the LAST MONTH OF OPERATION in the following categories? total value of the LAST the LAST the LAST the LAST your current MONTH of MONTH OF MONTH OF MONTH OF stock of finished operation, OPERATION, OPERATION, OPERATION, merchandise what was what were what were what were (goods for sale)? the total the total the total the total profit for sales/revenue COSTS sales/revenue NOT ASKED [ACTIVITY]? for the for the for the TO THOSE [ACTIVITY]? [ACTIVITY]? [ACTIVITY]? PERMANENTLY This includes CLOSED wages, raw materials and other inputs, generator ENTERPRISE NO fuel, rent, and so on. SALARIES RAW UTILITIES: PURCHASE AND MATERIALS FUEL FOR MAINTENANCE GASE, WATER. INTEREST OF GOODS TRANSPORT INSURANCE RENT OTHER WAGES OR INPUTS GENERATOR OF GENERATOR ELECTRICITY, ON LOANS FOR SALE ETC. CURRENCY CURRENCY CURRENCY CURRENCY CURRENCY CURRENCY CURRENCY CURRENCY CURRENCY CURRENCY CURRENCY CURRENCY CURRENCY CURRENCY CURRENCY 1 2 3 4 5 Designer Note: Three options are provided for collecting data to calculate one month of profit: a) Q28, b) Q28 alt.1, consisting of 2 questions, and c) 28 alt.2, consisting of a table of questions. Combining options is not recommended. ANNEX II  101 SECTION 6: OTHER INCOME IN THE LAST 12 MONTHS 1. PRIMARY RESPONDENT FOR THIS SECTION ID CODE 2 3 4 During the last 12 How much in total did Who in your household decides what to do months, did any members your household receive with this income? of your household from [SOURCE] during receive any income from the last 12 months? LIST ALL [SOURCE]? ESTIMATE THE CASH YES... 1 VALUE OF IN-KIND NO... 2 NEXT TRANSFERS RECEIVED SOURCE TYPE CODE SOURCE $ ID CODE # 1 ID CODE # 2 ID CODE # 3 INCOMING 101 National remittances - cash transfers/gifts from TRANSFERS /GIFTS individuals (relatives, friends) within the country 102 International remittances - cash transfers/gifts from individuals (relatives, friends) from abroad 103 In-kind gifts (food and non-food) from individuals (relatives, friends) anywhere PENSION & 104 Savings, interest or other investment income INVESTMENT 105 Contributory pension income INCOME 106 Rental income, residential property (apartment, house) 107 Rental income, commercial (shop, store) REVENUE, 108 Income from SALE of real estate SALE OF ASSETS (do not include rental income) 109 Other income (specify): Designer Note: The list of sources is an example and must be tailored to the country and survey needs, in consultation with experts. It should be expanded to include any specific income sources that are common in the country of the survey. . 102  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 7: HOUSEHOLD ASSETS 1. PRIMARY RESPONDENT ID FOR THIS SECTION ID CODE CODED E/O ASK Q1 FOR ALL ITEMS FIRST. 2 3 4 5 THEN, CONTINUE WITH THE FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS FOR Does your household own How many [ITEM]s does Who in your HH owns (the majority of) [ITEM]? If you wanted to sell (one of) the EACH ITEM OWNED BY THE any [ITEM]? your household own? [ITEM] today, how much would you HOUSEHOLD. LIST ALL receive? IF MORE THAN ONE ITEM, REFER TO NEWEST ITEM YES... 1 ITEM NUMBER ID CODE ID CODE CURRENCY CODE NO... 2 NEXT ITEM 101 Furniture (sofa or armchairs) 102 Mattress 103 Bed 104 Gas (or kerosene) cooker 105 Stove (electric or gas) 106 Refrigerator 107 Freezer 108 Air conditioner 109 Washing machine 110 Bicycle 111 Motorbike 112 Cars and other 4-wheel vehicles 113 Generator 114 Fan 115 Microwave 116 Television 117 Computer or tablet 118 Satellite dish 119 Smartphone 120 Mobile phone (not smartphones) 121 Other (specify): 122 Other (specify): ANNEX II  103 SECTION 8A: SAVINGS & CREDIT THIS SECTION IS ONLY ASKED FOR HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS 15 YEARS OR OLDER CODED O/E CODED O/E BANKING SAVINGS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 CAPI/ENUMERATOR: IS THIS PERSON WRITE THE ID Some people like to Does [NAME] Is there someone In the LAST 12 In the LAST 12 IS [NAME] 15 YEARS ANSWERING FOR CODE OF THE keep their money in personally have who lets [NAME] MONTHS, has MONTHS, has OLD OR OLDER? HIMSELF/ HERSELF? RESPONDENT an account at a bank access to mobile cash cheques, transfer [NAME] personally [NAME] personally or micro-finance money [local funds, or do other saved or set aside saved or set aside institution. Does example]? banking transactions money using a money by using any YES... 1 YES... 1 Q4 [NAME] have a bank using their account? commercial bank, a informal savings NO... 2 NEXT NO... 2 account? credit union, savings clubs (like [insert PERSON YES... 1 and credit cooperative local example]) or a NO... 2 YES................... 1 [INSERT LOCAL person outside the YES... 1 NO................... 2 EXAMPLE], micro- household? NO... 2 DON’T finance institution KNOW.......... 98 or any other formal or semi-formal institution? YES... 1 YES... 1 NO... 2 NO... 2 ID CODE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 104  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 8A: SAVINGS & CREDIT THIS SECTION IS ONLY ASKED FOR HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS 15 YEARS OR OLDER If also using section 8B If including section 8B, YES  NEXT PERSON then section 8A ends here CODED OCC LOANS CODED OCC 9 10 11 12 13 14 During the last 12 Did [NAME] have need Why did [NAME] not attempt to Was the loan approved From what type of institution or What was the main reason for months, did [NAME] try for a loan in the last 12 borrow in the last 12 months? or denied? person did [NAME] request this applying for this loan? to borrow money from months? loan? someone outside the PROBE & SELECT ALL IF PERSON household or from any YES... 1 THAT APPLY IN ORDER OF REQUESTED institution (formal or NO... 2 NEXT IMPORTANCE MULTIPLE LOANS, ASK informal)? PERSON ABOUT THE BIGGEST PURCHASE LAND............................................1 BELIEVED IT WOULD APPROVED. COOPERATIVE SOCIETY................... 1 PURCHASE INPUTS FOR CROPS.................2 BE REFUSED........................................... 1 SAVINGS ASSOCIATION.................... 2 PURCHASE LIVESTOCK.................................3 INCLUDE EVEN IF TOO EXPENSIVE.................................. 2 MICRO FINANCE................................. 3 TOO MUCH TROUBLE FOR Approved................ 1 CEREMONIES (MARRIAGE, BURIAL, LOAN WAS REFUSED. Pending decision.... 2 BANK....................................................... 4 OTHER SOCIAL FUNCTIONS ETC)..........4 WHAT IT WAS WORTH..................... 3 ROSCAS - ROTATING SAVINGS & INCLUDE LOANS FOR INADEQUATE COLLATERAL...........4 Denied .................... 3 CREDIT ASSOCIATION/GROUP EDUCATION.....................................................5 EDUCATION. DO NOT LIKE TO BE IN DEBT........5 {USE LOCAL NAMES}......................... 5 MOTOR VEHICLE PURCHASE......................6 DO NOT INCLUDE DO NOT KNOW ANY LENDER.....6 FRIENDS & RELATIVES........................ 6 HOME PURCHASE OR BUSINESS LOANS BAD CREDIT.......................................... 7 MONEY LENDERS................................ 7 CONSTRUCTION............................................7 REPORTED IN S5. STILL REPAYING OTHER LOAN......8 HIRE PURCHASE.................................. 8 OTHER HOUSEHOLD OTHER (SPECIFY)................................. 9 OTHER(SPECIFY).................................. 9 CONSUMPTION...............................................8 HEALTH EXPENSES..........................................9 YES... 1 Q12 NO... 2 ALL NEXT PERSON OTHER (SPECIFY).......................................... 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ANNEX II  105 SECTION 8B: CREDIT DETAIL 1 CAPI/ENUMERATOR CHECK: DOES S8A Q7==1 [YES] for any hh members? Yes...... 1 No...... 2 Next section CODED OCC CODED OCC CODED OCC CODED OCC 2 3 4 5 Please list all the types of sources - Which household member(s) applied What was the main reason for applying Was this loan application approved? institutions and people - from which your for the loan from [LENDER TYPE]? for the loan from [LENDER TYPE]? household attempted to borrow money or Q7 LOAN APPROVED AND RECEIVED..........................1. applied for a loan over the past 12 months. PROBE & LIST ALL PURCHASE LAND....................................................1 LOAN APPROVED, PENDING DISBURSEMENT....2. NEXT LOAN PURCHASE INPUTS FOR FOOD CROP............2 AWAITING APPLICATION DECISION.....................3. NEXT LOAN * INCLUDE APPROVED & REJECTED PURCHASE INPUTS FOR CASH CROP.............3 LOAN NOT APPROVED/GIVEN.................................4 LOANS. PURCHASE LIVESTOCK.........................................4 * DO NOT INCLUDE LOANS REPORTED CEREMONIES (MARRIAGE, BURIAL, IN S5 OTHER SOCIAL FUNCTIONS ETC)..................5 * FILL Q1 FOR ALL BEFORE GOING ON EDUCATION.............................................................6 MOTOR VEHICLE PURCHASE..............................7 * IF MULTIPLE LOANS FROM THE SAME HOME PURCHASE OR CONSTRUCTION......8 PERSON/INSTITUTION, LIST EACH ON OTHER HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION..........9 A SEPARATE LINE. HEALTH EXPENSES................................................10 OTHER (SPECIFY)...................................................11 COOPERATIVE SOCIETY.............................1 SAVINGS ASSOCIATION..............................2 MICRO FINANCE...........................................3 BANK.................................................................4 ADASHI/ESUSU/AJO......................................5 FRIENDS & RELATIVES..................................6 MONEY LENDERS..........................................7 LOAN ID HIRE PURCHASE............................................8 OTHER (SPECIFY)...........................................9 ID CODE ID CODE ID CODE 1 2 3 4 5 106  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 8B: CREDIT DETAIL CODED OCC CODED OCC CODED OCC CODED OCC CODED OCC CODED OCC 6 7 8 9 10 11 What were the reasons why this loan How much was received When did your household Has the loan from Approximately when does At completion of application was refused? under this loan? receive this loan? [LENDER TYPE] already your household expect to repayment of this loan, been fully repaid? make the final payment on what is the total amount the loan from [LENDER you expect to repay? MONTH CODE TYPE] (INTEREST + PRINCIPAL) LACK OF COLLATERAL.................................. 1 JAN...... 01 YES... 1 Q11 NO SAVINGS/SHARES..................................... 2 FEB....... 02 NO... 2 MONTH CODE BAD CREDIT HISTORY................................... 3 MAR.... 03 JAN...... 01 ITEMS DIDNT QUALIFY FOR A LOAN...... 4 APR..... 04 FEB....... 02 LACK OF GUARANTORS............................... 5 MAY..... 05 MAR.... 03 DON’T KNOW.................................................. 6 JUN...... 06 APR..... 04 OTHER (SPECIFY).............................................. 7 JUL....... 07 MAY..... 05 AUG.... 08 JUN...... 06 SEP....... 09 JUL....... 07 OCT.... 10 AUG.... 08 NOV.... 11 SEP....... 09 DEC..... 12 OCT.... 10 NOV.... 11 DEC..... 12 LOAN ID PROBE & SELECT ALL THAT APPLY IN MONTH YEAR MONTH YEAR ORDER OF IMPORTANCE NEXT LOAN CURRENCY (MM) (YYYY) (MM) (YYYY) CURRENCY 1 2 3 4 5 Designer Note: - If using S8B, rename S8 to be S8A and drop S8A Q11-Q23. See questionnaire note for more details. - Answer options for Q3 do not include loans for household non-farm enterprises (NFEs) as these are expected to be collected under the NFE section. Train enumerators to avoid double-counting of loans (e.g., reporting the same loan in two sections). ANNEX II  107 SECTION 9A: MEALS AWAY 1. Primary respondent for this section ID code 1 2 In the past 7 days, did any members of this In the past 7 days, how much IN TOTAL did household consume any of the following meals household members pay for [MEAL]? If it was or drinks away from home? free, please estimate what it would have cost if you had to pay. READ OUT EACH MEAL TYPE AND RECORD YES/NO. ANSWER Q1 FOR ALL MEAL TYPES BEFORE PROCEEDING. DO NOT COUNT FOOD EATEN FROM THE HOUSEHOLD’S OWN FAMILY BUSINESS. ITEM YES... 1 MEALS PREPARED AND CONSUMED OUTSIDE THE HOME CODE NO... 2 (NEXT ITEM) CURRENCY Breakfast Complete meals [local example] 1 Lunch Complete meals [local example] 2 Dinner Complete meals [local example] 3 Snacks such as chips, biscuits, [local examples], etc. 4 Dairy-based beverages such as milk, yoghurt, [local example], etc. 5 Vegetable snacks (ex: carrot, pears, roasted corn, roasted plantain, roasted yam, etc.) 6 Non-alcoholic drinks (Coke, Fanta, [local examples], etc.) 7 Alcoholic drinks (palm wine, beer, etc.) 8 Designer Note: The item list is an example and must be tailored to the country and survey needs in consultation with local experts. 108  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 9B: WITHIN-HOUSEHOLD FOOD CONSUMPTION & EXPENDITURE 1. PRIMARY RESPONDENT FOR THIS SECTION ID CODE REPORT ONLY ITEMS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 CONSUMED WITHIN THE HOUSEHOLD. During the In total, how much Of the Of the Of the Did your household In the most recentHow much FOOD CONSUMED past 7 days, did of [ITEM] did your [QUANTITY] [QUANTITY] [QUANTITY] purchase any purchase, how muchdid your OUTSIDE THE members of household consume [UNIT] [UNIT] [UNIT] [ITEM] in the past [ITEM] did the household HOUSEHOLD MUST this household in the past 7 days? of [ITEM] of [ITEM] of [ITEM] 30 days? household buy? spend on this BE REPORTED IN THE eat/drink any consumed, consumed in consumed, [QUANTITY, PREVIOUS SECTION. [ITEM] within DO NOT INCLUDE how much the last 7 days, how much YES... 1 SEE UNIT CODES ON UNIT, SIZE the household? FOOD CONSUMED came from how much came from NO... 2 NEXT NEXT PAGE IN Q7] of ASK Q1 FOR ALL OUTSIDE THE purchases? came from own gifts and other ITEM [ITEM]? ITEMS, BEFORE YES... 1 HOUSEHOLD production? sources? MOVING TO FOLLOW NO... 2 USE UNIT UP QUESTIONS. NEXT ITEM SEE UNIT CODES AND SIZE USE UNIT USE UNIT ITEM CODE ON NEXT PAGE FROM Q2 AND SIZE AND SIZE FROM Q2 FROM Q2 QUANTITY UNIT SIZE QUANTITY QUANTITY QUANTITY CODE QUANTITY UNIT SIZE CURRENCY Grains & Guinea corn/sorghum 100 flours Millet 101 Rice - local 102 Rice - imported 103 Maize flour 104 Cassava flour 105 Wheat flour 106 Maize 107 (unshelled/on the cob) Maize 108 (shelled/off the cob) Other grains and flour 109 (specify) Baked/ Bread 110 processed Cake 111 products Buns/pofpof/donuts 112 Biscuits 113 Meat pie/sausage roll 114 ANNEX II  109 SECTION 9B: WITHIN-HOUSEHOLD FOOD CONSUMPTION & EXPENDITURE 1. PRIMARY RESPONDENT FOR THIS SECTION ID CODE REPORT ONLY ITEMS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 CONSUMED WITHIN THE HOUSEHOLD. During the In total, how much Of the Of the Of the Did your household In the most recentHow much FOOD CONSUMED past 7 days, did of [ITEM] did your [QUANTITY] [QUANTITY] [QUANTITY] purchase any purchase, how muchdid your OUTSIDE THE members of household consume [UNIT] [UNIT] [UNIT] [ITEM] in the past [ITEM] did the household HOUSEHOLD MUST this household in the past 7 days? of [ITEM] of [ITEM] of [ITEM] 30 days? household buy? spend on this BE REPORTED IN THE eat/drink any consumed, consumed in consumed, [QUANTITY, PREVIOUS SECTION. [ITEM] within DO NOT INCLUDE how much the last 7 days, how much YES... 1 SEE UNIT CODES ON UNIT, SIZE the household? FOOD CONSUMED came from how much came from NO... 2 NEXT NEXT PAGE IN Q7] of ASK Q1 FOR ALL OUTSIDE THE purchases? came from own gifts and other ITEM [ITEM]? ITEMS, BEFORE YES... 1 HOUSEHOLD production? sources? MOVING TO FOLLOW NO... 2 USE UNIT UP QUESTIONS. NEXT ITEM SEE UNIT CODES AND SIZE USE UNIT USE UNIT ITEM CODE ON NEXT PAGE FROM Q2 AND SIZE AND SIZE FROM Q2 FROM Q2 QUANTITY UNIT SIZE QUANTITY QUANTITY QUANTITY CODE QUANTITY UNIT SIZE CURRENCY Starchy Cassava - roots 115 roots, Yam - roots 116 tubers, Cocoyam 117 plantains Plantains 118 Sweet potatoes 119 Potatoes 120 Other roots and tuber 121 (specify) Pulses, nuts Soya beans 122 & seeds Other beans 123 Groundnuts (unshelled) 124 Groundnuts (shelled) 125 Coconut 126 Kola nut 127 Other nuts/seeds 128 (specify) 110  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 9B: WITHIN-HOUSEHOLD FOOD CONSUMPTION & EXPENDITURE 1. PRIMARY RESPONDENT FOR THIS SECTION ID CODE REPORT ONLY ITEMS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 CONSUMED WITHIN THE HOUSEHOLD. During the In total, how much Of the Of the Of the Did your household In the most recentHow much FOOD CONSUMED past 7 days, did of [ITEM] did your [QUANTITY] [QUANTITY] [QUANTITY] purchase any purchase, how muchdid your OUTSIDE THE members of household consume [UNIT] [UNIT] [UNIT] [ITEM] in the past [ITEM] did the household HOUSEHOLD MUST this household in the past 7 days? of [ITEM] of [ITEM] of [ITEM] 30 days? household buy? spend on this BE REPORTED IN THE eat/drink any consumed, consumed in consumed, [QUANTITY, PREVIOUS SECTION. [ITEM] within DO NOT INCLUDE how much the last 7 days, how much YES... 1 SEE UNIT CODES ON UNIT, SIZE the household? FOOD CONSUMED came from how much came from NO... 2 NEXT NEXT PAGE IN Q7] of ASK Q1 FOR ALL OUTSIDE THE purchases? came from own gifts and other ITEM [ITEM]? ITEMS, BEFORE YES... 1 HOUSEHOLD production? sources? MOVING TO FOLLOW NO... 2 USE UNIT UP QUESTIONS. NEXT ITEM SEE UNIT CODES AND SIZE USE UNIT USE UNIT ITEM CODE ON NEXT PAGE FROM Q2 AND SIZE AND SIZE FROM Q2 FROM Q2 QUANTITY UNIT SIZE QUANTITY QUANTITY QUANTITY CODE QUANTITY UNIT SIZE CURRENCY Oils & fats Palm oil 129 Butter/margarine 130 Groundnuts oil 131 Coconut oil 132 Animal fat 133 Other oil and fat 134 (specify) Fruits Bananas 135 Oranges/tangerines 136 Mangos 137 Avocados 138 Pineapples 139 Fruit, canned 140 Pawpaw 141 Apples 142 Guava 143 Other fruits (specify) 144 ANNEX II  111 SECTION 9B: WITHIN-HOUSEHOLD FOOD CONSUMPTION & EXPENDITURE 1. PRIMARY RESPONDENT FOR THIS SECTION ID CODE REPORT ONLY ITEMS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 CONSUMED WITHIN THE HOUSEHOLD. During the In total, how much Of the Of the Of the Did your household In the most recentHow much FOOD CONSUMED past 7 days, did of [ITEM] did your [QUANTITY] [QUANTITY] [QUANTITY] purchase any purchase, how muchdid your OUTSIDE THE members of household consume [UNIT] [UNIT] [UNIT] [ITEM] in the past [ITEM] did the household HOUSEHOLD MUST this household in the past 7 days? of [ITEM] of [ITEM] of [ITEM] 30 days? household buy? spend on this BE REPORTED IN THE eat/drink any consumed, consumed in consumed, [QUANTITY, PREVIOUS SECTION. [ITEM] within DO NOT INCLUDE how much the last 7 days, how much YES... 1 SEE UNIT CODES ON UNIT, SIZE the household? FOOD CONSUMED came from how much came from NO... 2 NEXT NEXT PAGE IN Q7] of ASK Q1 FOR ALL OUTSIDE THE purchases? came from own gifts and other ITEM [ITEM]? ITEMS, BEFORE YES... 1 HOUSEHOLD production? sources? MOVING TO FOLLOW NO... 2 USE UNIT UP QUESTIONS. NEXT ITEM SEE UNIT CODES AND SIZE USE UNIT USE UNIT ITEM CODE ON NEXT PAGE FROM Q2 AND SIZE AND SIZE FROM Q2 FROM Q2 QUANTITY UNIT SIZE QUANTITY QUANTITY QUANTITY CODE QUANTITY UNIT SIZE CURRENCY Vegetables Tomatoes 145 Tomato puree (canned) 146 Onions 147 Eggplant 148 Okra - fresh 149 Okra - dried 150 Fresh pepper 151 Leaves 152 (cocoyam, spinach, etc.) Other vegetables, fresh 153 or canned (specify) Poultry & Chicken 154 related Other domestic poultry 155 Eggs (from chicken) 156 Other eggs (not 157 chicken) (specify) 112  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 9B: WITHIN-HOUSEHOLD FOOD CONSUMPTION & EXPENDITURE 1. PRIMARY RESPONDENT FOR THIS SECTION ID CODE REPORT ONLY ITEMS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 CONSUMED WITHIN THE HOUSEHOLD. During the In total, how much Of the Of the Of the Did your household In the most recentHow much FOOD CONSUMED past 7 days, did of [ITEM] did your [QUANTITY] [QUANTITY] [QUANTITY] purchase any purchase, how muchdid your OUTSIDE THE members of household consume [UNIT] [UNIT] [UNIT] [ITEM] in the past [ITEM] did the household HOUSEHOLD MUST this household in the past 7 days? of [ITEM] of [ITEM] of [ITEM] 30 days? household buy? spend on this BE REPORTED IN THE eat/drink any consumed, consumed in consumed, [QUANTITY, PREVIOUS SECTION. [ITEM] within DO NOT INCLUDE how much the last 7 days, how much YES... 1 SEE UNIT CODES ON UNIT, SIZE the household? FOOD CONSUMED came from how much came from NO... 2 NEXT NEXT PAGE IN Q7] of ASK Q1 FOR ALL OUTSIDE THE purchases? came from own gifts and other ITEM [ITEM]? ITEMS, BEFORE YES... 1 HOUSEHOLD production? sources? MOVING TO FOLLOW NO... 2 USE UNIT UP QUESTIONS. NEXT ITEM SEE UNIT CODES AND SIZE USE UNIT USE UNIT ITEM CODE ON NEXT PAGE FROM Q2 AND SIZE AND SIZE FROM Q2 FROM Q2 QUANTITY UNIT SIZE QUANTITY QUANTITY QUANTITY CODE QUANTITY UNIT SIZE CURRENCY Meats Beef 158 Mutton 159 Pork 160 Goat 161 Wild game/bush meat 162 Canned beef/corned 163 beef Other meat (excl. 164 Poultry) (specify) Fish & Fish - fresh 165 seafood Fish - frozen 166 Fish - dried 167 Seafood (lobster, crab, 168 prawns, etc) Canned fish/seafood 169 Other fish or seafood 170 (specify) ANNEX II  113 SECTION 9B: WITHIN-HOUSEHOLD FOOD CONSUMPTION & EXPENDITURE 1. PRIMARY RESPONDENT FOR THIS SECTION ID CODE REPORT ONLY ITEMS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 CONSUMED WITHIN THE HOUSEHOLD. During the In total, how much Of the Of the Of the Did your household In the most recentHow much FOOD CONSUMED past 7 days, did of [ITEM] did your [QUANTITY] [QUANTITY] [QUANTITY] purchase any purchase, how muchdid your OUTSIDE THE members of household consume [UNIT] [UNIT] [UNIT] [ITEM] in the past [ITEM] did the household HOUSEHOLD MUST this household in the past 7 days? of [ITEM] of [ITEM] of [ITEM] 30 days? household buy? spend on this BE REPORTED IN THE eat/drink any consumed, consumed in consumed, [QUANTITY, PREVIOUS SECTION. [ITEM] within DO NOT INCLUDE how much the last 7 days, how much YES... 1 SEE UNIT CODES ON UNIT, SIZE the household? FOOD CONSUMED came from how much came from NO... 2 NEXT NEXT PAGE IN Q7] of ASK Q1 FOR ALL OUTSIDE THE purchases? came from own gifts and other ITEM [ITEM]? ITEMS, BEFORE YES... 1 HOUSEHOLD production? sources? MOVING TO FOLLOW NO... 2 USE UNIT UP QUESTIONS. NEXT ITEM SEE UNIT CODES AND SIZE USE UNIT USE UNIT ITEM CODE ON NEXT PAGE FROM Q2 AND SIZE AND SIZE FROM Q2 FROM Q2 QUANTITY UNIT SIZE QUANTITY QUANTITY QUANTITY CODE QUANTITY UNIT SIZE CURRENCY Milk & Fresh milk 171 related Milk powder 172 Baby milk powder 173 Milk, tinned 174 (unsweetened) Cheese 175 Other milk products 176 (specify) Coffee, tea Coffee 177 & similar Chocolate drinks 178 (including Milo) Tea 179 Sugar & Sugar 180 sweets Honey 181 Other sweets and 182 confections (specify) Other misc Salt 183 Dried chili peppers 184 Other spices 185 114  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 9B: WITHIN-HOUSEHOLD FOOD CONSUMPTION & EXPENDITURE 1. PRIMARY RESPONDENT FOR THIS SECTION ID CODE REPORT ONLY ITEMS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 CONSUMED WITHIN THE HOUSEHOLD. During the In total, how much Of the Of the Of the Did your household In the most recentHow much FOOD CONSUMED past 7 days, did of [ITEM] did your [QUANTITY] [QUANTITY] [QUANTITY] purchase any purchase, how muchdid your OUTSIDE THE members of household consume [UNIT] [UNIT] [UNIT] [ITEM] in the past [ITEM] did the household HOUSEHOLD MUST this household in the past 7 days? of [ITEM] of [ITEM] of [ITEM] 30 days? household buy? spend on this BE REPORTED IN THE eat/drink any consumed, consumed in consumed, [QUANTITY, PREVIOUS SECTION. [ITEM] within DO NOT INCLUDE how much the last 7 days, how much YES... 1 SEE UNIT CODES ON UNIT, SIZE the household? FOOD CONSUMED came from how much came from NO... 2 NEXT NEXT PAGE IN Q7] of ASK Q1 FOR ALL OUTSIDE THE purchases? came from own gifts and other ITEM [ITEM]? ITEMS, BEFORE YES... 1 HOUSEHOLD production? sources? MOVING TO FOLLOW NO... 2 USE UNIT UP QUESTIONS. NEXT ITEM SEE UNIT CODES AND SIZE USE UNIT USE UNIT ITEM CODE ON NEXT PAGE FROM Q2 AND SIZE AND SIZE FROM Q2 FROM Q2 QUANTITY UNIT SIZE QUANTITY QUANTITY QUANTITY CODE QUANTITY UNIT SIZE CURRENCY Non- Bottled water 186 alcoholic Sachet water 187 drinks Malt drinks 188 Soft drinks 189 (Coca Cola, Sprite, etc) Fruit juice canned/pack 190 Other non-alcoholic 191 drinks (specify) Alcohol Beer 192 (local and imported) Palm wine 193 Other alcoholic 194 beverages ANNEX II  115 FOOD ITEM UNIT & SIZE CODES UNIT CODE UNIT CODE SIZE CODE Kilograms (kg) 1 Bin/basket 10 SMALL 0 Grams (g) 2 Paint rubber 11 MEDIUM 1 Liters (l) 3 Milk cup 12 LARGE 2 Centiliters (cl) 4 Cigarette cup 13 VERY LARGE 3 Tin 14 10 LITRES 4 Congo 20 20 LITRES 5 Mudu 30 25 LITRES 6 Derica 40 50 LITRES 7 Tiya, small 50 25 KG 10 Kobiowu 60 50 KG 11 Bowl 70 33 CL 20 Piece 80 35 CL 21 Heap 90 50 CL 22 Bunch / bundle 100 60 CL 23 Stalk 110 75 CL 24 Packet/sachet 120 1 LITRE 25 Sack/bag 130 1.5 LITRE 26 Basket 140 ONE SIZE ONLY 99 Loaf 200 Other (specify) 900 Designer Note: The unit list provided here is an example and must be tailored to the country and survey needs in consultation with local experts. 116  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 10A: NON-FOOD EXPENDITURES - 7 DAY, 30 DAY, & 6 MONTH RECALL PERIODS 1 ENUMERATOR: RECORD ID OF PRIMARY RESPONDENT ID CODE 2 3 ITEM CODE 7 DAYS Over the PAST 7 DAYS, did the household purchase or In total, how much did your household spend on [ITEM] pay for any [...]? in the past 7 days? YES... 1 ITEM NO... 2 NEXT ITEM CURRENCY 101 Cigarettes or tobacco 102 Matches (and rolling papers, smoking accessories, etc.) 103 Public transport (moto, okada, keke, bus, boat, etc.) EXCLUDE EDUCATION RELATED EXPENSES 104 Gambling, lotto, raffles 4 5 ITEM CODE 30 Days recall Over the PAST 30 DAYS, did the household purchase or In total, how much did the household spend on [ITEM] in pay for any [...]? the past 30 days? YES... 1 Item NO... 2 NEXT ITEM CURRENCY 301 Kerosene 302 Gas (for lighting/cooking) 303 Other liquid cooking fuel 304 Electricity, including electricity vouchers 305 Candle 306 Firewood 307 Charcoal 308 Petrol and diesel 309 Lubricants (oil, grease, etc) 310 Light bulbs/globes 311 Water 312 Soap and washing powders (body and clothes) 313 Other household cleaning (cleaning, disinfectant, pesticides) 314 Toilet paper 315 Personal care goods (toothpaste/brush, razor blades, skin & hair products, cosmetics) 316 Vitamin supplements 317 Postal (including stamps, courier) ANNEX II  117 SECTION 10A: NON-FOOD EXPENDITURES - 7 DAY, 30 DAY, & 6 MONTH RECALL PERIODS 6 7 ITEM CODE 30 DAYS RECALL (continued) Over the PAST 30 DAYS, did the household purchase or In total, how much did the household spend on [ITEM] in pay for any [...]? the past 30 days? YES... 1 ITEM NO... 2 NEXT ITEM CURRENCY 318 (Cell phone) recharge cards 319 Landline phone charges 320 Internet services 321 Recreational (cinemas, video/DVD rental, etc) 322 Motor vehicle service, repair, or parts 323 Bicycle service, repair, or parts 324 Wages paid to household workers (maid, gardeners, etc) 325 Mortgage - regular payment to purchase house 326 Repairs & maintenance to dwelling 327 Repairs to household items and personal items (radios, appliances, watches, shoes, etc.) 8 9 ITEM CODE 6 MONTH RECALL Over the PAST 6 MONTHS, did the household purchase In total, how much did your household spend on [ITEM] or pay for any [...]? in the past 6 months? YES... 1 ITEM NO... 2 NEXT ITEM CURRENCY 401 Baby nappies/diapers 402 Clothes for children - boys 403 Clothes for children - girls 404 Clothes for men 405 Clothes for women 406 Boy's shoes 407 Men's shoes 408 Girl's shoes 409 Women's shoes 410 Tailoring charges 411 Laundry and dry cleaning 412 Kitchenware (plates, utensils, cups, pots, etc) 413 Cleaning utensils (brooms, brushes, etc.) 414 Small household items (torch/flashlight, umbrella, etc) 415 Books & stationery items (not for school) 118  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 10A: NON-FOOD EXPENDITURES - 7 DAY, 30 DAY, & 6 MONTH RECALL PERIODS 8 9 ITEM CODE 6 MONTH RECALL Over the PAST 6 MONTHS, did the household purchase In total, how much did your household spend on [ITEM] or pay for any [...]? in the past 6 months? YES... 1 ITEM NO... 2 NEXT ITEM CURRENCY 418 Curtain and other linen 419 Carpet and other floor covering 420 Cell phone 421 Personal computer, laptop, or tablet 422 Night's lodging in rest house or hotel 423 Donations (to church, mosque, charity, beggars, etc) ANNEX II  119 SECTION 10B: NON-FOOD EXPENDITURES - 12 MONTH RECALL PERIOD 1. PRIMARY RESPONDENT ID CODE CODED E/O 2 3 4 Over the PAST 12 MONTHS, did the In total, how much did your Which household members have been covered by [TYPE ITEM CODE household purchase or pay for any [...]? household spend on [ITEM] in the OF] insurance at any point in the past 12 months? past 12 months? YES... 1 CURRENCY ID CODE ID CODE ID CODE NO... 2 NEXT ITEM 501 Carpets, rugs, drapes, curtains 502 Linens (towels, sheets, blankets) 503 Mat (for sleeping or for drying maize flour) 504 Mosquito net 505 Mattress 506 Small household appliances (electric kettle, mixer, toaster, iron, etc.) 507 Sports & hobby equipment, musical instruments, toys 508 Film, film processing, camera 509 Building items (cement, bricks, timber, iron sheets, tools, etc.) 510 Council rates 511 Property tax 512 Health insurance Alt* other insurance (auto, home, life) 513 Auto insurance 514 Home insurance 515 Life insurance 516 Fines or legal fees 517 Dowry costs 518 Marriage ceremony costs 519 Funeral costs 120  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 11: HOUSING CONDITIONS CODED OCC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 INDICATE WHAT TYPE OF DWELLING Does your household If your household If you were to rent this How much does your What type of Are any THE MAIN DOES THE HOUSEHOLD own, rent or stay for sold this dwelling dwelling on the open household pay to rent documentation does members of RESPONDENT LIVE IN? free in the dwelling that today, how market, how much this dwelling? your household have the household FOR THIS your household currently much would you would you have to pay? to support occupancy listed on the SECTION SEPARATE HOUSE(BUNGALOW).........1 occupies? receive for it? IF IN KIND, INCLUDE status? [DOCUMENT]? SEMI-DETACHED HOUSE........................2 VALUE OF IN KIND FLAT/APARTMENT.....................................3 OWNED.......................... 1 PAYMENTS TITLE/DEED............................. 1 COMPOUND HOUSE (SEPARATE FREE, AUTHORIZED.... 2 Q5 OFFER OF LEASE................... 2 YES... 1 ROOMS, SHARING FACILITIES).............4 FREE, TIME UNIT CERTIFICATE OF LEASE NO... 2 OR RENT AGREEMENT....... 3 HUTS/BUILDINGS NOT AUTHORIZED.... 3 Q5 MONTH.........1 TIME UNIT LETTER FROM CHIEF........... 4 [SHARE COMPOUND].............................5 RENTED.......................... 4 Q6 YEAR...............2 MONTH.........1 RECEIPT OF PAYMENT........ 5 HUTS/BUILDINGS YEAR...............2 NONE...................................... 6 [PRIVATE COMPOUND]..........................6 Q7 OTHER (SPECIFY).................. 7 TENTS............................................................7 IMPROVISED HOME (KIOSK, CONTAINER)..............................8 LIVING QUARTERS ATTACHED TO OFFICE/SHOP.......................................9 UNCOMPLETED BUILDING................ 10 OTHER (SPECIFY).................................... 11 ID CODE CURRENCY CURRENCY TIME UNIT CURRENCY TIME UNIT ANNEX II  121 SECTION 11: HOUSING CONDITIONS CODED OCC 9 10 11 12 13 14 Which members MAIN CONSTRUCTION MAIN CONSTRUCTION MAIN CONSTRUCTION How many separate What type of cookstove is your household’s of the household MATERIAL OF THE OUTSIDE MATERIAL OF THE ROOFING MATERIAL OF THE rooms do the primary cookstove? are listed on the WALLS OF THE DWELLING OF THE DWELLING FLOORING OF THE members of your [DOCUMENT]? DWELLING household occupy? 3-STONE STOVE/OPEN FIRE ....................................1 OBSERVE, DO NOT OBSERVE, DO NOT MOVEABLE FIREPAN ....................................................2 PROBE & LIST ALL READ OUT READ OUT OBSERVE, DO NOT (DO NOT COUNT SOLAR COOKER (THERMAL ENERGY, NOT SOLAR PANELS) ........3 READ OUT BATHROOMS, BIOMASS FUEL STOVE, TRADITIONAL/ MUD..................................................1 THATCH (GRASS OR STRAW..... )1 TOILETS, STORE- SELF BUILT........................................................................4 STONE..............................................2 CORRUGATED IRON SHEETS.......2 SAND/DIRT/STRAW.................1 ROOMS, OR BIOMASS FUEL STOVE, MANUFACTURED ...........5 UNBURNT BRICKS.......................3 CLAY TILES............................................3 SMOOTHED MUD....................2 GARAGES) LIQUID FUEL (KEROSENE, ETC.) STOVE................6 BURNT BRICKS..............................4 CONCRETE/CEMENT.......................4 SMOOTH CEMENT/ BIOGAS STOVE ............................................................ 7 CEMENT OR CONCRETE..........5 PLASTIC SHEET...................................5 CONCRETE.................................3 LPG/NATURAL GAS STOVE...................................... 8 Q16 WOOD OR BAMBOO.................6 ASBESTOS SHEET...............................6 WOOD.........................................4 PIPED NATURAL GAS STOVE ...................................9 Q16 IRON SHEETS.................................7 MUD.......................................................7 TILE................................................5 ELECTRIC STOVE........................................................ 10 Q17 CARDBOARD.................................8 STEP TILES.............................................8 OTHER(SPECIFY).......................6 NO COOKING OPTION AT HOME..................... 11 Q18 OTHER (SPECIFY)..........................9 LONG/SHORT SPAN SHEETS.........9 TERRAZO....................................7 OTHER (SPECIFY)........................................................ 12 OTHER (SPECIFY)............................ 10 NOTE: SOLID/BIOMASS FUELS INCLUDE CHARCOAL, WOOD, CROP RESIDUE, ETC. ID ID ID YEAR NUMBER CODE CODE CODE Designer Note: When Q14 is not included, Q15 must be revised to include Q14 answer options 8 - 11, with relevant skip instructions. 122  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 11: HOUSING CONDITIONS CODED E/O CODED E/O CODED OCC 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 How much did In the last 12 months, what is Where does your household What is this household’s MAIN Do you have What are all the sources What is the household’s the most commonly used fuel your household normally cook with the source for lighting? electricity from of electricity that your MAIN source of electricity for this cookstove? spend on the cookstove? any source in household use regularly? (the one used most of the [FUEL TYPE IN your household? time)? PROBE & SELECT TWO MOST Q15/Q16] for this IN DWELLING, PROBE & SELECT TWO MOST PROBE & SELECT ALL USED FUELS IN ORDER OF stove in the last NOT A SLEEPING AREA............. 1 OFTEN USED SOURCES IN YES... 1 THAT APPLY USE FREQUENCY month? IN DWELLING, ORDER OF FREQUENCY NO... 2 Q29 [NAME, IN A SLEEPING AREA.................. 2 NATIONAL GRID]....................1 PHCN/NEPA......................... 1 IN A SEPARATE DWELLING...... 3 LOCAL MINI GRID...................2 COAL/LIGNITE, UNPROCESSED.....1 ENTER THE ELECTRICITY (INCLUDING LOCAL MINI GRID............2 SOLAR PANELS, GENERATOR).... 1.. Q20 GENERATOR...............................3 COAL/LIGNITE BRIQUETTES IN A VERANDA GENERATOR........................ 3 ACTUAL SOLAR HOME SYSTEM............4 OR PELLETS............................................2 (ROOFED PLATFORM WITH AT SOLAR-POWERED LANTERN SOLAR HOME SYSTEM.....4 AMOUNT LEAST TWO OPEN SIDES)........ 4 OR FLASHLIGHT ............................. 2 SOLAR LANTERN/ CHARCOAL, UNPROCESSED...........3 SOLAR LANTERN/ LIGHTING SYSTEM...................5 SPENT, NOT OUTDOORS.................................. 5 RECHARGEABLE FLASHLIGHT, CHARCOAL BRIQUETTES LIGHTING SYSTEM............5 RECHARGEABLE BATTERY.....6 OR PELLETS............................................4 THE MARKET OTHER (SPECIFY)......................... 6 MOBILE, TORCH DRY CELL BATTERY/ RECHARGEABLE WOOD....................................................5 VALUE OF THE OR LANTERN.................................... 3 BATTERY............................... 6 TORCH.........................................7 WOODCHIPS OR SAW DUST .......6 FUEL BATTERY POWERED OTHER (SPECIFY)......................8 OTHER (SPECIFY)...............7 FLASHLIGHT, ANIMAL WASTE/DUNG.....................7 TORCH OR LANTERN................... 4 CROP RESIDUE/PLANT BIOGAS LAMP................................... 5 BIOMASS, UNPROCESSED.................8 LPG LAMP........................................... 6 BIOMASS PELLETS OR BRIQUETTES..................................9 GASOLINE LAMP.............................. 7 KEROSENE/PARAFFIN.......................10 KEROSENE/PARAFFIN LAMP........ 8 ALCOHOL/ETHANOL......................11 OIL LAMP............................................ 9 OTHER LIQUID FUEL NOT IN CANDLE............................................10 GENERATOR OPEN FIRE........................................11 (PETROL, DIESEL, ETC).......................12 OTHER (SPECIFY)...........................96 GARBAGE/PLASTIC...........................13 OTHER (SPECIFY)...............................14 ANNEX II  123 SECTION 11: HOUSING CONDITIONS CODED OCC 22 23 24 E1 25 26 27 28 29 How much does your In the last In the last CAPI/ In the last 7 What was the In the last 12 In the last What is the MAIN source of drinking household typically 7 days, how 7 days, how ENUMERATOR days, how many total duration months, were 12 months, water for this household? pay for electricity? many hours of many hours of CHECK: DOES times were there of all the any of your did anyone electricity were electricity were Q21==1 OR 2? unscheduled unscheduled appliances using [NAME MOST FREQUENTLY USED SOURCE TIME UNIT available each available, on outages/blackouts outages/ damaged OF MAIN THROUGHOUT THE YEAR, EVEN IF NOT DAILY.............................1 day on average average, each YES... 1 from [NAME blackouts because of ELECTRICAL CURRENTLY IN USE. WEEKLY........................2 from [MAIN evening from NO... 2 Q29 OF MAIN in the last 7 issues in the SYSTEM] die or FORTHNIGHTLY........3 ELECTRICITY 6:00 pm to ELECTRICITY days? electrical have permanent PIPED INTO DWELLING............................. 1.. Q32 MONTHLY...................4 SYSTEM]? 10:00 pm from SYSTEM]? system (voltage limb (bodily PIPED INTO YARD/PLOT............................. 2.. Q32 QUARTERLY................5 [main electricity surges)? injury) damage? PIPED TO NEIGHBOR.................................. 3.. Q31 YEARLY.........................6 system]? PUBLIC TAP/STANDPIPE.............................. 4 YES................... 1 TUBE WELL/BOREHOLE............................. 5 NO................... 2 YES................... 1 PROTECTED DUG WELL............................ 6 DON’T NO................... 2 UNPROTECTED DUG WELL..................... 7 KNOW.......... 98 DON’T PROTECTED SPRING................................... 8 KNOW.......... 98 UNPROTECTED SPRING............................ 9 RAIN WATER COLLECTION...................10 TANKER TRUCK/WATER VENDOR.......11 CART WITH SMALL TANK/DRUM.........12 SURFACE WATER (RIVER, STREAM, POND, DAM, CANAL)................................13 BOTTLED WATER........................................14.. Q32 SACHET WATER..........................................15.. Q32 WATER KIOSK..............................................16.. Q31 OTHER (SPECIFY)........................................17 AMOUNT UNIT HOURS (0-24) HOURS (0-4) # OF HOURS INTERRUPTIONS 124  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 11: HOUSING CONDITIONS CODED E/O CODED E/O CODED E/O CODED OCC 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Where is this [SOURCE] How long Do you usually What do you usually do Do you use the main water What is the main source In the last 30 What is the main source of located? does it take do anything to the water to make it source… of drinking water for your days, has there water used by members of to go there, to the water safer to drink? household during the been any time your household for other IN OWN DWELLING......1 Q32 get water, and (dry or rainy ALL YEAR........................... 1 Q36 other season? when your purposes, such as cooking IN OWN YARD/PLOT......2 Q32 come back, season) to DO NOT READ. ONLY RAINY SEASON...2 household and hand washing? ELSEWHERE.......................2 including make it safer to PROBE & SELECT ALL ONLY DRY SEASON......3 PIPED INTO DWELLING.........1 did not have waiting time? drink? THAT APPLY PIPED INTO YARD/PLOT.........2 sufficient PIPED INTO DWELLING.........1 PIPED TO NEIGHBOR..............3 quantities of PIPED INTO YARD/PLOT.........2 TIME UNIT YES... 1 BOIL...................................... 1 PUBLIC TAP/STANDPIPE..........4 drinking water PIPED TO NEIGHBOR..............3 MINUTES.......1 NO... 2 Q34 ADD BLEACH/ TUBE WELL/BOREHOLE.........5 when needed? PUBLIC TAP/STANDPIPE..........4 CHLORINE......................... 2 PROTECTED DUG WELL........6 TUBE WELL/BOREHOLE.........5 HOURS..........2 STRAIN THROUGH UNPROTECTED YES... 1 PROTECTED DUG WELL........6 CLOTH................................ 3 DUG WELL..................................7 NO... 2 UNPROTECTED USE A WATER FILTER...... 4 PROTECTED SPRING...............8 DUG WELL..................................7 SOLAR UNPROTECTED SPRING........9 PROTECTED SPRING...............8 DISINFECTION................. 5 RAIN WATER UNPROTECTED SPRING........9 LET IT SETTLE................... 6 COLLECTION.......................... 10 RAIN WATER OTHER (SPECIFY)............. 7 TANKER TRUCK/ COLLECTION......................... 10 WATER VENDOR.................... 11 TANKER TRUCK..................... 11 WITH SMALL TANK/ CART WITH SMALL TANK/ DRUM......................................... 12 DRUM......................................... 12 SURFACE WATER SURFACE WATER (RIVER, (RIVER, STREAM, POND, STREAM, POND, DAM, DAMN, CANAL)...................... 13 IRRIGATION CHANNEL BOTTLED WATER................... 14 CANAL)..................................... 13 SACHET WATER..................... 15 BOTTLED WATER................... 14 WATER KIOSK......................... 16 SACHET WATER..................... 15 OTHER (SPECIFY)................... 17 WATER KIOSK......................... 16 OTHER (SPECIFY)................... 17 TIME UNIT # OF TRIPS ANNEX II  125 SECTION 11: HOUSING CONDITIONS 38 39 40 41 42 43 During the past What is the MAIN type of toilet facility used Where is this toilet Does your In the past 12 months, how has your household most How much does your 30 days, how by your household? facility located? household often disposed of refuse (garbage disposal)? household typically pay for much did your share this refuse disposal? household pay for FLUSH TO PIPED SEWAGE SYSTEM..........1 facility with COLLECTED BY GOV...........................................1 water, including FLUSH TO SEPTIC TANK..............................2 IN OWN DWELLING.....1 others COLLECTED BY PRIVATE FIRM.........................2 TIME UNIT any fees or costs FLUSH TO PIT LATRINE...............................3 IN OWN YARD/PLOT.....2 households? TAKE TO PUBLIC/DESIGNATED FLUSH TO OPEN DRAIN.............................4 RUBBISH HEAP........................................................3 DAILY.............................1 of transportation, ELSEWHERE......................2 BURNING ................................................................4 NEXT SECTION WEEKLY........................2 FLUSH TO SOMEWHERE ELSE...................5 delivery, etc.? YES... 1 COMPOST SOLID WASTE...................................5 NEXT SECTION FORTHNIGHTLY........3 FLUSH TO UNKNOWN...............................6 NO... 2 RUBBISH PIT/DISPOSAL ON COMPOUND MONTHLY...................4 VENTILATED IMPROVED LATRINE..........7 IF THE WATER PIT LATRINE WITH SLAB.............................8 (NOT BURNING/COMPOST).............................6 NEXT SECTION QUARTERLY................5 BILL IS SHARED, PIT LATRINE W/O SLAB/OPEN PIT..........9 INFORMAL DISPOSAL, LAND YEARLY.........................6 ONLY RECORD (BUSH, STREET, ETC).............................................7 NEXT SECTION COMPOSTING TOILET.............................. 10 THE HH’S INFORMAL DISPOSAL, WATER (RIVER, SEA).8 NEXT SECTION Q41 BUCKET......................................................... 11. PORTION HANGING TOILET/ OTHER (SPECIFY)...................................................9 HANGING LATRINE................................... 12. Q41 NO FACILITIES, BUSH OR FIELD............ 13. Q42 OTHER (SPECIFY)........................................ 14. Q41 PLACE/NOT SURE/ DONT KNOW WHERE............................. 15. Q42 CURRENCY AMOUNT UNIT 126  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 12: FOOD SECURITY Now I would like to ask you some questions about food and meals in the household. 1 ENUMERATOR: RECORD PRIMARY RESPONDENT ID ID CODE During the last 12 months, was there a time when, because of lack of money or other resources: YES... 1 NO... 2 2 … anyone in your household worried about not having enough food to eat? 3 … anyone in your household was unable to eat healthy and nutritious foods? 4 … anyone in your household ate only a few kinds of foods? 5 … anyone in your household had to skip a meal? 6 … anyone in your household ate less than you thought you should? 7 … your household ran out of food? 8 … anyone in your household was hungry but did not eat? 9 … anyone in your household went without eating for a whole day? Designer Note: Ask these questions at the overall household level, or at the individual level for each HH member. See Questionnaire Note for more detail.. ANNEX II  127 SECTION 13: SOCIAL PROGRAMS AND PROTECTIONS 1. PRIMARY RESPONDENT ID CODE CODED OCC CODED E/O CODED E/O FIRST ASK QUESTION 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 FOR ALL TYPES OF ASSISTANCE. THEN In the past 12 months, What was the total What was the What was the source Was this assistance Which household members ASK FOLLOW-UP has any member of your value of [ASSISTANCE] total value of of this [ASSISTANCE]? given to… received this assistance from QUESTIONS FOR EACH household received any from [GOVERNMENT]? [ASSISTANCE] from [PROGRAMME] in the last 12 of the following types all other groups/ COMMUNITY, READ OPTIONS months? TYPE THE HOUSEHOLD ORGANIZATION RECEIVES. of assistance from the ESTIMATE VALUE OF organizations? ALOUD. government or from ANY FOOD AND IN- OR COOPERATIVE....... 1 RECORD ROSTER ID OF EACH community, religious, KIND ASSISTANCE. ESTIMATE VALUE NGO.................................. 2 ENTIRE HOUSEHOLD......1 MEMBER MENTIONED international, or other OF ANY FOOD INTERNATIONAL NEXT ITEM organizations/groups? IF NONE, WRITE 0 AND IN-KIND ORGANIZATION.......... 3 SPECIFIC HOUSEHOLD RELIGIOUS GROUP...... 4 MEMBERS.............................. 2 ASSISTANCE. CODE YES... 1 OTHER (SPECIFY).......... 5 ASSISTANCE TYPE NO... 2 NEXT ITEM IF NONE, WRITE 0 ID CODE ID CODE ID CODE 1 (Free) Food 2 (Direct) Cash transfers 3 Payment relief for public services (ex: electricity, water, internet) 4 Other in-kind transfers, SPECIFY (medicine, masks/ sanitizers, etc.) Designer Note: The item list is an example and must be tailored to the country and survey needs in consultation with local experts. 128  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 14: SHOCKS COPING 1 INTERVIEWER: RECORD ID OF PRIMARY RESPONDENT ID CODE 2 3 4 CODES FOR Q4. SALE OF LIVESTOCK................................................................ 1 During the last 12 months, was your household negatively affected by Rank the 3 most How did your household cope with SALE OF LAND........................................................................... 2 any of the following? significant shocks you [SHOCK]? IF SHOCK HAPPENED SALE OF OTHER PROPERTY................................................... 3 have experienced. MORE THAN ONCE, ASK ABOUT SENT CHILDREN TO LIVE WITH FRIENDS........................ 4 FIRST ASK Q2 FOR ALL SHOCKS , THEN ASK FOLLOW UP MOST RECENT. SHOCK CODE QUESTIONS FOR EACH YES ANSWER. MOST SEVERE.................... 1 WITHDREW CHILDREN FROM SCHOOL........................ 5 NEXT MOST SEVERE....... 2 ONLY ASK FOR 3 MOST SIGNIFICANT ENGAGED IN ADDITIONAL INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES....................................................... 6 YES... 1 THIRD MOST SEVERE.....3 SHOCKS RANKED IN Q3. NO... 2 NEXT SHOCK RECEIVED HELP FROM FRIENDS & FAMILY....................... 7 SEE CODES. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY BORROWED FROM FRIENDS OR FAMILY......................... 8 TOOK A LOAN FROM FINANCIAL INSTITUTION........ 9 1 Death of an adult working household member MEMBERS OF THE HOUSEHOLD MIGRATED FOR WORK.........................................................10 2 Death of other HH members PUT PURCHASES ON CREDIT............................................11 Illness or disability of income earning household member DELAYED PAYMENT OBLIGATIONS..................................12 3 SOLD HARVEST IN ADVANCE.............................................13 4 Job loss (NOT related to death, disability, or illness) REDUCED FOOD CONSUMPTION..................................14 5 End of regular assistance, aid, or remittances from outside the household REDUCED NON-FOOD CONSUMPTION......................15 RELIED MORE ON COLLECTING/FORAGING 6 Departure of income-earning household member FOOD ITEMS FROM FOREST/WILD AREAS....................16 (ex: due to separation, divorce, changing to another household) RELIED ON SAVINGS..............................................................17 Non-farm business failure TOOK ADVANCED PAYMENT 7 FROM EMPLOYER.....................................................................18 8 Theft of crops, cash, livestock or other property RECEIVED ASSISTANCE FROM NGO.................................19 RECEIVED ASSISTANCE FROM GOVERNMENT.............20 9 Destruction of harvest by fire WAS COVERED BY INSURANCE POLICY.......................21 10 Dwelling damaged/demolished DID NOTHING.........................................................................22 OTHER (SPECIFY).....................................................................23 11 Irregular or poor rains that caused harvest failure 12 Flooding that caused harvest failure or storage loss ANNEX II  129 SECTION 14: SHOCKS COPING 1 INTERVIEWER: RECORD ID OF PRIMARY RESPONDENT ID CODE 2 3 4 CODES FOR Q4. SALE OF LIVESTOCK................................................................ 1 During the last 12 months, was your household negatively affected by Rank the 3 most How did your household cope with SALE OF LAND........................................................................... 2 any of the following? significant shocks you [SHOCK]? IF SHOCK HAPPENED SALE OF OTHER PROPERTY................................................... 3 have experienced. MORE THAN ONCE, ASK ABOUT SENT CHILDREN TO LIVE WITH FRIENDS........................ 4 FIRST ASK Q2 FOR ALL SHOCKS , THEN ASK FOLLOW UP MOST RECENT. SHOCK CODE QUESTIONS FOR EACH YES ANSWER. MOST SEVERE.................... 1 WITHDREW CHILDREN FROM SCHOOL........................ 5 NEXT MOST SEVERE....... 2 ONLY ASK FOR 3 MOST SIGNIFICANT ENGAGED IN ADDITIONAL INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES....................................................... 6 YES... 1 THIRD MOST SEVERE.....3 SHOCKS RANKED IN Q3. NO... 2 NEXT SHOCK RECEIVED HELP FROM FRIENDS & FAMILY....................... 7 SEE CODES. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY BORROWED FROM FRIENDS OR FAMILY......................... 8 TOOK A LOAN FROM FINANCIAL INSTITUTION........ 9 13 Pest invasion that caused harvest failure or storage loss MEMBERS OF THE HOUSEHOLD MIGRATED FOR WORK.........................................................10 14 Loss of property due to fire or flood PUT PURCHASES ON CREDIT............................................11 Loss of land DELAYED PAYMENT OBLIGATIONS..................................12 15 SOLD HARVEST IN ADVANCE.............................................13 16 Other natural disasters (landslides, earthquakes, etc.) REDUCED FOOD CONSUMPTION..................................14 17 Death of livestock due to illness, disease, or accident REDUCED NON-FOOD CONSUMPTION......................15 RELIED MORE ON COLLECTING/FORAGING 18 Increase in price of inputs needed by household farm or non-farm enterprise FOOD ITEMS FROM FOREST/WILD AREAS....................16 RELIED ON SAVINGS..............................................................17 19 Fall in price of outputs sold by household farm or non-farm enterprise TOOK ADVANCED PAYMENT 20 Reduction in earnings from non-farm enterprise FROM EMPLOYER.....................................................................18 (not due to illness, accident, or death of household member) RECEIVED ASSISTANCE FROM NGO.................................19 RECEIVED ASSISTANCE FROM GOVERNMENT.............20 21 Failure or closure of non-farm enterprise WAS COVERED BY INSURANCE POLICY.......................21 (not due to illness, accident or death of a household member) DID NOTHING.........................................................................22 22 Increase in price of major food items consumed OTHER (SPECIFY).....................................................................23 23 Kidnapping/hijacking/robbery/assault 24 Other (specify) 130  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 15: LAND TENURE 1. Do you or does any member of your household use, own, or hold use rights for any parcel of land, either alone or jointly with someone else, YES...... 1 regardless of who uses the parcel and regardless of what it is used for (i.E., Dwelling, cultivated, pastoral, forest, or business/commercial parcels)? NO...... 2 SECTION 16 A PARCEL IS ANY PIECE OF LAND UNDER ONE LAND TENURE TYPE ENTIRELY SURROUNDED BY OTHER LAND, WATER, ROAD, FOREST, OR OTHER FEATURES NOT FORMING PART OF THE HOLDING, OR FORMING PART OF THE HOLDING UNDER A DIFFERENT LAND TENURE TYPE. A PLOT IS A PART OF A PARCEL UNDER ONE UTILIZATION CATEGORY. A PARCEL MAY CONSIST OF ONE OR MORE PLOTS. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 PARCEL NAME LOCATION & RECORD THE How was this [PARCEL] acquired? How much do you pay the owner for How many months How much in total DESCRIPTION OF ID OF THE use of this [PARCEL]? does this payment did you pay for this Please tell me PARCEL RESPONDENT. GRANTED BY CUSTOMARY/ cover? [PARCEL] (include COMMUNITY AUTHORITIES.................1 9 about each ESTIMATE THE VALUE OF ANY both cash and ALLOCATED BY GOVERNMENT..........2 9 parcel that you LIST FROM ALLOCATED BY FAMILY MEMBER........3 9 IN-KIND PAYMENTS, EXCLUDING payments in-kind)? or any household HOUSEHOLD INHERITED BY THE DEATH OF A CROP OUTPUTS member currently ROSTER FAMILY MEMBER.........................................4 9 uses, owns, or PURCHASED................................................5 8 holds use rights RENTED IN, SHORT-TERM for, either alone (< 3 YEARS)...................................................6 or with someone RENTED IN, LONG-TERM.......................7 SHARECROPPED IN..................................8 9 else. BORROWED FOR FREE...........................9 9 Please describe or BRIDE PRICE..............................................10 9 give me the name GIFT FROM NON-HOUSEHOLD of each parcel, MEMBER......................................................11 9 (starting with the MOVED IN WITHOUT parcel you reside PERMISSION...............................................12 18 on, if applicable). OTHER (SPECIFY).....................................13 8 CASH IN-KIND ALL 9 PARCEL ID COMPLETE Q2 & Q3 FOR ALL PARCELS, THEN COMPLETE THE ID CODE CURRENCY CURRENCY NUMBER CURRENCY REST OF THE MODULE ONE PARCEL AT A TIME. 1 2 3 4 5 ANNEX II  131 SECTION 15: LAND TENURE 1. Do you or does any member of your household use, own, or hold use rights for any parcel of land, either alone or jointly with someone else, regardless of YES...... 1 who uses the parcel and regardless of what it is used for (i.E., Dwelling, cultivated, pastoral, forest, or business/commercial parcels)? NO...... 2 SECTION 16 A PARCEL IS ANY PIECE OF LAND UNDER ONE LAND TENURE TYPE ENTIRELY SURROUNDED BY OTHER LAND, WATER, ROAD, FOREST, OR OTHER FEATURES NOT FORMING PART OF THE HOLDING, OR FORMING PART OF THE HOLDING UNDER A DIFFERENT LAND TENURE TYPE. A PLOT IS A PART OF A PARCEL UNDER ONE UTILIZATION CATEGORY. A PARCEL MAY CONSIST OF ONE OR MORE PLOTS. CODED E/O 9 10 11 12 Under which Who in the household Does your What type of documents does your household have for this [PARCEL], and which household members are listed as tenure system is [owns/ holds use rights to] household have owners or use rights holders on each? this [PARCEL]? this [PARCEL]? a document for this [PARCEL] LIST UP TO 3, SHOW PHOTO AID CUSTOMARY.......... 1 LIST UP TO 4 JOINT issued by or FREEHOLD.............. 2 OWNERS OR USE registered at the DOCUMENT TYPE: LEASEHOLD............ 3 RIGHT HOLDERS FROM Land Registry/ TITLE DEED.......................................................................................................................... 1 STATE........................ 4 HOUSEHOLD ROSTER. Cadastral Agency, CERTIFICATE OF CUSTOMARY OWNERSHIP.......................................................... 2 COMMUNITY/ such as a title CERTIFICATE OF OCCUPANCY................................................................................... 3 GROUP RIGHT....... 5 deed, certificate CERTIFICATE OF HEREDITARY ACQUISITION LISTED IN REGISTRY.............. 4 COOPERATIVES..... 6 of ownership, SURVEY PLAN...................................................................................................................... 5 OTHER (SPECIFY)... 7 certificate of RENTAL CONTRACT, REGISTERED............................................................................. 6 hereditary LEASE, REGISTERED........................................................................................................... 7 acquisition, OTHER (SPECIFY)............................................................................................................... 8 lease or rental contract? IF NO HOUSEHOLD MEMBER ON DOCUMENT, ENTER “55” IF DON’T KNOW, ENTER “98” YES... 1 NO... 2 Q13 PARCEL ID DOCUMENT #1 DOCUMENT #2 DOCUMENT #3 ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID DOC. DOC. DOC. CODE CODE CODE CODE CODE TYPE CODE CODE CODE CODE TYPE CODE CODE CODE CODE TYPE CODE CODE CODE CODE #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 1 2 3 4 5 132  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 15: LAND TENURE 1. Do you or does any member of your household use, own, or hold use rights for any parcel of land, either alone or jointly with someone else, YES...... 1 regardless of who uses the parcel and regardless of what it is used for (i.E., Dwelling, cultivated, pastoral, forest, or business/commercial parcels)? NO...... 2 SECTION 16 A PARCEL IS ANY PIECE OF LAND UNDER ONE LAND TENURE TYPE ENTIRELY SURROUNDED BY OTHER LAND, WATER, ROAD, FOREST, OR OTHER FEATURES NOT FORMING PART OF THE HOLDING, OR FORMING PART OF THE HOLDING UNDER A DIFFERENT LAND TENURE TYPE. A PLOT IS A PART OF A PARCEL UNDER ONE UTILIZATION CATEGORY. A PARCEL MAY CONSIST OF ONE OR MORE PLOTS. 13 14 15 16 17 CAPI/ Does anyone in the Who can decide whether to sell [PARCEL]? Does anyone in the household Who can decide whether to bequeath this ENUMERATOR: household have the right to have the right to bequeath this [PARCEL]? IS Q5==6 OR sell [PARCEL], either alone [PARCEL], either alone or with 8 OR 9? or with someone else? LIST UP TO 4 ID CODES FROM HOUSEHOLD someone else? ROSTER AND 1 CODE FROM OUTSIDE LIST UP TO 4 ID CODES FROM HOUSEHOLD YES... 1 Q18 YES............................ 1 HOUSEHOLD, IF APPLICABLE. YES............................ 1 ROSTER AND 1 CODE FROM OUTSIDE NO... 2 NO............................. 2 16 NO............................. 2 18 HOUSEHOLD, IF APPLICABLE DONT’ KNOW....98 16 CODE FOR NON-HH MEMBER: DONT’ KNOW....98 18 REFUSAL.................99 16 RELATIVE..............................................1 REFUSAL.................99 18 CODE FOR NON-HH MEMBER: LOCAL OFFICIAL..............................2 RELATIVE..................................... 1 CUSTOMARY LEADER.....................3 OTHER..................................................4 LOCAL OFFICIAL..................... 2 CUSTOMARY LEADER............ 3 OTHER......................................... 4 PARCEL ID NON- NON- ID CODE ID CODE ID CODE ID CODE ID CODE ID CODE ID CODE ID CODE HH HH #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 MEMBER MEMBER 1 2 3 4 5 ANNEX II  133 SECTION 15: LAND TENURE 1. Do you or does any member of your household use, own, or hold use rights for any parcel of land, either alone or jointly with someone else, regardless of who YES...... 1 uses the parcel and regardless of what it is used for (i.E., Dwelling, cultivated, pastoral, forest, or business/commercial parcels)? NO...... 2 SECTION 16 A PARCEL IS ANY PIECE OF LAND UNDER ONE LAND TENURE TYPE ENTIRELY SURROUNDED BY OTHER LAND, WATER, ROAD, FOREST, OR OTHER FEATURES NOT FORMING PART OF THE HOLDING, OR FORMING PART OF THE HOLDING UNDER A DIFFERENT LAND TENURE TYPE. A PLOT IS A PART OF A PARCEL UNDER ONE UTILIZATION CATEGORY. A PARCEL MAY CONSIST OF ONE OR MORE PLOTS. 18 19 20 21 On a scale from 1 to 5, where 1 is not at all likely and 5 is extremely ONLY ASK IF Q11=1 (yes) What is the area of this [PARCEL]? ONLY IF Q11=1 (yes) likely, how likely is [NAME of owner/use rights holder] to involuntarily ENUMERATOR: REPORT THE lose ownership or use rights to this [PARCEL] in the next 5 years? Is the area of this [PARCEL] ENUMERATOR: IF AREA IS REPORTED SOURCE OF INFORMATION reported on the document(s)? ON THE DOCUMENT, ASK TO SEE THE ASK FOR EACH OF THE ID CODES REPORTED IN Q10. DOCUMENT RESPONDENT YES... 1 DECLARATION........................1 IF “MOVED IN WITHOUT PERMISSION” (Q5=12), ASK ABOUT THE NO... 2 CODES FOR UNIT: DOCUMENT.............................2 HOUSEHOLD HEAD (INDVIDUAL 1) AND THE SPOUSE OF THE ACRE...........................................1 HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD (INDIVIDUAL 2). HECTARE...................................2 SQUARE METERS....................3 NOT AT ALL LIKELY................1 OTHER (SPECIFY)....................4 SLIGHTLY LIKELY.....................2 MODERATELY LIKELY............3 VERY LIKELY..............................4 EXTREMELY LIKELY................5 PARCEL ID INDIVIDUAL 1 INDIVIDUAL 2 INDIVIDUAL 3 INDIVIDUAL 4 ID RESPONSE ID RESPONSE ID RESPONSE ID RESPONSE AREA UNIT 1 __ __ __ __ . __ __ 2 __ __ __ __ . __ __ 3 __ __ __ __ . __ __ 4 __ __ __ __ . __ __ 5 __ __ __ __ . __ __ 134  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 15: LAND TENURE 1. Do you or does any member of your household use, own, or hold use rights for any parcel of land, either alone or jointly with someone else, regardless of YES...... 1 who uses the parcel and regardless of what it is used for (i.E., Dwelling, cultivated, pastoral, forest, or business/commercial parcels)? NO...... 2 SECTION 16 A PARCEL IS ANY PIECE OF LAND UNDER ONE LAND TENURE TYPE ENTIRELY SURROUNDED BY OTHER LAND, WATER, ROAD, FOREST, OR OTHER FEATURES NOT FORMING PART OF THE HOLDING, OR FORMING PART OF THE HOLDING UNDER A DIFFERENT LAND TENURE TYPE. A PLOT IS A PART OF A PARCEL UNDER ONE UTILIZATION CATEGORY. A PARCEL MAY CONSIST OF ONE OR MORE PLOTS. 22 23 24 25 What are the three main uses of this [PARCEL]? CAPI/ENUMERATOR: IS How much do you receive from renting How many months does this Q22A==10 | or sharecropping out this [PARCEL]? payment cover? RESIDENTIAL............................................................................................................. 1 Q22B==10 | CROP PRODUCTION Q22C==10?) ESTIMATE THE VALUE OF IN-KIND (INCL.KITCHEN/BACKYARD GARDEN).......................................................... 2 RECEIPTS, INCLUDING CROP GRAZING (MEADOWS AND PASTURES.......................................................... 3 YES... 1 OUTPUTS TEMPORARILY FALLOW........................................................................................ 4 NO... 2 NEXT PARCEL FARM BUILDINGS.................................................................................................... 5 AQUACULTURE........................................................................................................ 6 FOREST........................................................................................................................ 7 BUSINESS/COMMERCIAL...................................................................................... 8 UNUSED...................................................................................................................... 9 RENTED OUT/SHARECROPPED OUT............................................................ 10 GAVE OUT FOR FREE........................................................................................... 11 NO SECOND USE.................................................................................................. 12 DON’T KNOW....................................................................................................... 88 OTHER (SPECIFY)................................................................................................... 98 PARCEL ID CASH IN-KIND A. 1st B. 2nd C. 3rd CURRENCY CURRENCY 1 2 3 4 5 ANNEX II  135 SECTION 16: CONTACT 1. In order for us to be able to contact you in the future, please provide us with telephone numbers where each household member can be reached. A. LIST ALL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS OVER AGE X B. Does [NAME] have C. WRITE PHONE D. Is there another E. This phone belongs F. WRITE PHONE their own phone number? NUMBER number where [NAME] to…. NUMBER can be reached? YES... 1 YES... 1 Other HH member........ 1 NO... 2 Q1D NO... 2 NEXT PERSON Other person................... 2 ID NAME CODE PHONE CODE PHONE 2-3. If you were to move in the next two years, who are the people in this community who would be most likely to know your new address? CONTACT INFORMATION FOR REFERENCE PERSON 1 CONTACT INFORMATION FOR REFERENCE PERSON 2 2A. NAME :_________________________________________________ 3A. NAME :_________________________________________________ 2B. RELATION TO HEAD :______________________________________ 3B. RELATION TO HEAD :______________________________________ 2C. PHONE (MOBILE) :________________________________________ 3C. PHONE (MOBILE) :________________________________________ 2D. ADDRESS :_______________________________________________ 3D. ADDRESS :_______________________________________________ 136  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS ANNEX III: EXAMPLE AGRICULTURE MODULES FOR THE MODEL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGNER OVERVIEW USING THESE MODULES This questionnaire is designed as a component of the Sample Household Questionnaire from the LSMS General Guidelines. More detailed guidance on using this module is provided throughout this guidebook. Key data components collected in the Household Questionnaire are required as inputs for this survey, such as household member names and identification codes, as well as names, codes, and land area estimates for all parcels owned and/or used by the household. Likewise, land use and ownership information, which are essential components for calculating agricultural productivity, are already collected in the Land Use section of the Household Questionnaire and thus are not repeated in the crops modules of this Agriculture Questionnaire. If this Agriculture Questionnaire will be used as a stand-alone survey, this dependency must be taken into consideration to revise the Questionnaire accordingly. This model questionnaire includes notes for designers (those deciding the context and content of the survey) and programmers (those formatting and preparing the questionnaire, on paper and in CAPI, when applicable).These notes should be considered during the planning process and removed before the questionnaire is shared with enumerators and used in the field. ANALYSIS OPTIONS This model Agriculture Questionnaire illustrates the recommended minimum set of questions needed to collect the data necessary for analyzing the role of farm activities in household livelihoods. It can be used where these activities – farming, livestock, fishing, and/or foraging forestry – represent a marginal sector in the overall economy of the country or region, yet are still sources of income and subsistence for some households. It can also be used in case of tight budget constraints on surveys where these activities are more prominent, although extended modules are strongly recommended in such cases (see Expanded Options below). ANNEX III  137 Overall, the crop modules allow for crop productivity analysis at the household level. This can be used to generate statistics on key features of smallholder agriculture spanning from land ownership and holding size to the use of inputs and farming practices, the quantity of harvested crops and their value, and the sales and earning from agriculture and related activities. It can be used for analysis of, among others, land and labor productivity as well as crop production practices. When more detailed agriculture analysis is required – such as full-cost accounting of farm income or land productivity and crop pricing at the parcel level – an expanded agriculture section will be required (see below). The Agriculture Labor Module collects data at the individual level for each household farming enterprise.This allows for the analysis of labor productivity in crop production at the household level. Analysis of labor productivity at the parcel level would require agriculture labor data collected at the individual level for each parcel within the household farm. Likewise, detailed sections on fishing, forestry, and livestock labor should be included if detailed analysis is required for these sectors. The current questionnaires will collect labor in these sectors as part of the Household Questionnaire sections on Non-Farm Enterprises and Own-Use Production (depending on the intended use of the production). EXPANDED OPTIONS The crops modules (1A - 1D) are designed for collecting data at the level of land holdings, referred to in this questionnaire as parcels. This short agriculture module can also be used to collect data at two levels - both parcel and plot - with minor revisions: add a question to the end of the Household Questionnaire’s Land Use module, asking the number of plots that are on each parcel; ask modules 1A-1C at the plot level; and add a question in 1A (after the pre-filled details) to collect land area size for each plot. The total land area reported across all plots on a given parcel should be roughly equal to the parcel size pre-filled from the Household Questionnaire. Survey designers should determine whether GPS measurements should be conducted at the parcel or plot level, revising the questionnaire as needed. For more details on implementing this questionnaire using both parcels and plots, refer to the Agriculture Modules section of the Guidebook. In contexts where household-level agriculture, livestock, fishing, and/or forestry activities are key sectors of the overall economy as well as of household livelihoods, collecting more in-depth information is strongly recommended. To collect sectoral data in greater detail, we suggest reviewing the following resources for further guidance and example questionnaire modules. 138  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS · Living Standards Measurement Study – Integrated Surveys on Agriculture · The 50x2030 Initiative to Close the Agricultural Data Gap · Spectral Soil Analysis & Household Surveys · Measuring the Role of Livestock in the Household Economy · Trees on Farms: Measuring Their Contribution to Household Welfare · Land Area Measurement in Household Surveys · National Socioeconomic Surveys in Forestry · Design and Implementation of Fishery Modules in Integrated Household Surveys in Developing Countries · Measuring Agricultural Labor: A Guidebook for Designing Household Surveys SECTION ORDER PAGE IN ANNEX 1 A: AGRICULTURE - PARCELS 139 B: AGRICULTURE CROPS BY PARCEL 141 C: AGRICULTURE CROP DISPOSITION 142 D: AGRICULTURE LABOR (HOUSEHOLD - EXTERNAL - HOLDING LEVEL) 143 2 A: LIVESTOCK OWNERSHIP 144 B: LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS 146 3 FISHERY PRODUCTION 149 4 FOREST-BASED COLLECTION & PRODUCTION 150 5 AGRICULTURE ASSETS 152 139  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 1A: AGRICULTURE - PARCELS 1 ENUMERATOR [OR CAPI] CHECK: In the Household Questionnaire, Section 15: Land Tenure, is crop production reported as a main use for ANY of YES...... 1 Q3 the parcels reported (Q22a==2 | Q22b==2 | Q22c==2)? NO...... 2 2 Did anyone in this household cultivate any land, either owned or used by the household, in the last completed farming season, that is, from [START YES...... 1 MONTH/YEAR] to [END MONTH/YEAR]? Include land cultivated, left fallow, or used for pasture. NO...... 2 SECTION 2A Please list all parcels owned or cultivated by anyone in your household during the last completed farming season. 3 4 5 6 PARCEL NAME TOTAL AREA OF PARCEL - Did anyone in this household cultivate any land RESPONDENT ID RESPONDENT’S ESTIMATE on [PARCEL NAME] during the last completed Q3 & Q4 MUST BE PRE-FILLED farming season, [START/END DATES]? FROM HH QX S15 FOR ALL CODES FOR UNIT: FOR EACH PARCEL, AIM TO PARCELS WHEN EITHER Q1 ACRE...................................1 ASK FOR ALL PARCELS, EVEN WHEN COLLECT INFORMATION FROM OR Q2 ARE ‘1’. HECTARE...........................2 CULTIVATION WAS NOT REPORTED THE HOUSEHOLD MEMBER MOST SQUARE METERS............3 AMONG TOP 3 USES IN THE HOUSEHOLD KNOWLEDGABLE ABOUT THAT PARCEL ID OTHER (SPECIFY)............4 QUESTIONNAIRE. PARCEL. ASK Q5 FOR ALL PARCELS BEFORE HH ROSTER AREA UNIT CONTINUING WITH REST OF SECTION. ID CODE 1 __ __ __ . __ __ 2 __ __ __ . __ __ 3 __ __ __ . __ __ 4 __ __ __ . __ __ 5 __ __ __ . __ __ 6 __ __ __ . __ __ 7 __ __ __ . __ __ 8 __ __ __ . __ __ 9 __ __ __ . __ __ 10 __ __ __ . __ __ ANNEX III  140 SECTION 1A: AGRICULTURE - PARCELS 1 ENUMERATOR [OR CAPI] CHECK: In the Household Questionnaire, Section 15: Land Tenure, is crop production reported as a main use YES...... 1 Q3 for ANY of the parcels reported (Q22a==2 | Q22b==2 | Q22c==2)? NO...... 2 2 Did anyone in this household cultivate any land, either owned or used by the household, in the last completed farming season, that is, YES...... 1 from [START MONTH/YEAR] to [END MONTH/YEAR]? Include land cultivated, left fallow, or used for pasture. NO...... 2 SECTION 2A Please list all parcels owned or cultivated by anyone in your household during the last completed farming season. 7 8 9 10 11 12 How much of the parcel was planted/cultivated? During the last What type of fertilizer Was any of this fertilizer What was the total During the last completed RESPONDENT’S ESTIMATE completed farming was used? purchased? value of purchased farming season, did you season, was any fertilizer fertilizer? use any insecticide, USE THE SAME UNIT AS IN Q4 used on [PARCEL]? SELECT ALL THAT fungicide, or herbicide APPLY on this parcel? PARCEL ID CONFIRM THAT ANSWER IS SMALLER OR EQUAL TO VALUE REPORTED IN Q4 YES... 1 ORGANIC........... 1 YES... 1 YES... 1 NO... 2 Q12 INORGANIC...... 2 NO... 2 Q12 NO... 2 AREA CURRENCY 1 __ __ __ . __ __ 2 __ __ __ . __ __ 3 __ __ __ . __ __ 4 __ __ __ . __ __ 5 __ __ __ . __ __ 6 __ __ __ . __ __ 7 __ __ __ . __ __ 8 __ __ __ . __ __ 9 __ __ __ . __ __ 10 __ __ __ . __ __ 141  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 1B: AGRICULTURE CROPS BY PARCEL List all crops cultivated during the last completed farming season. Start by listing all of the crops on Parcel 1 (Crop 1, Crop 2, etc.), then Parcel 2, and so on. CODED CODED CODED CODED E/O E/O OCC OCC 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 CROP RESPONDENT IS THIS A How many In what During the Approximately What type of Did you harvest What was the quantity of ID FRUIT TREE fruit bearing year were last completed what seeds were any [CROP] on [CROP] harvested from CROP? trees on most of farming season, percentage of used during the this parcel during this parcel during the last this parcel these trees was the area the parcel was last completed the last completed completed farming season? were in planted? planted with planted with farming season? farming season? production [CROP] on this [CROP]? in the last parcel pure stand CODES FOR UNIT: completed (mono-crop) or KILOGRAMS.............................1 farming mixed? 25 KG BAG...............................2 season? TRADITIONAL..... 1 BUNDLE....................................3 IMPROVED............. 2 YES... 1 [OTHER LOCAL UNITS YES... 1 NONE..................... 3 NO... 2 NEXT AS APPROPRIATE] NO... 2 Q6 PURE (TREES, ROW OTHER (SPECIFY)...................4 STAND..... 1 Q8 MIXED...... 2 PERENNIALS) CODES FOR CONDITION: SHELLED....................................1 UNSHELLED.............................2 THRESHED...............................3 UNTHRESHED........................4 PARCEL ID FOR NON-STANDARD UNITS, USE VISUAL AIDS NAME CODE HH ROSTER NUMBER YEAR CODE % QUANTITY UNIT CONDITION ID CODE (4-DIGIT) ANNEX III  142 SECTION 1C: AGRICULTURE CROP DISPOSITION ENUMERATOR INSTRUCTION: List all crops grown by the household (see Module 1C, Crop Name). List each crop only one time, even if it is grown on multiple parcels. For each crop, try to collect information from the household member most knowledgeable with the activities of that crop. CODED E/O CODED OCC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 RESPONDENT CROP Did your How much of the harvested What was Who in your How many [UNIT]s of the [CONDITION] [CROP] harvested during the last ID household [CROP] was sold in total during the total household kept/ farming season was (or will be) used for...? sell any of the last completed farming value of all decided what to the harvested season? [CROP] do with these USE THE UNIT & CONDITION REPORTED IN Q4. [CROP]? sales? earnings? CODES FOR UNIT: KILOGRAMS......................1 ESTIMATE LIST UP YES... 1 25 KG BAG........................2 THE TO 2 FROM NO... 2 Q7 BUNDLE.............................3 VALUE OF HOUSEHOLD [OTHER LOCAL UNITS IN-KIND ROSTER AS APPROPRIATE] PAYMENTS. OTHER (SPECIFY)............4 CODES FOR CONDITION: SHELLED.............................1 UNSHELLED......................2 THRESHED........................3 UNTHRESHED.................4 FOR NON-STANDARD UNITS, HH HH HOUSEHOLD SALES IN-KIND LOSS ANIMAL SAVED USE VISUAL AIDS ROSTER ROSTER CONSUMPTION WAGES, (ROTTING, FEED FOR SEED LINE ID #1 #2 PAYMENTS INSECTS, THEFT, ETC.) ID CODE CODE QUANTITY UNIT CONDITION CURRENCY QUANTITY QUANTITY QUANTITY QUANTITY QUANTITY QUANTITY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Designer & programmer note: • Everywhere that input value is noted as CURRENCY, replace with indicator for local currency (ex: PESOS, KWANZAS, BIRR, etc.). • Q6, an alternative option for reporting these quantities would be to use percentage instead of quantity/unit for each category. This option should only be used where there is already a demonstrated success with respondents reporting values as percentages. 143  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 1D: AGRICULTURE LABOR (HOUSEHOLD - EXTERNAL - HOLDING LEVEL) 1 PRIMARY RESPONDENT FOR SECTION ID CODE 2 3 4 E1. 5 6 7 8 9 10 Did [NAME/ Did [NAME/ Did [NAME/ HAS THE How many Did (any) How many On average, On average, What was WORKER WORKER WORKER RESPONDENT [WORKER [NAME/ [WORKER how many how many the average CATEGORY] CATEGORY] CATEGORY] REPORTED YES CATEGORY] WORKER CATEGORY] days did hours per daily wage work on work on fishing work on TO AT LEAST worked on these CATEGORY] worked [NAME/ day did for these livestock or aquaculture forestry ONE OF THE activities in the work to grow on these WORKER [NAME/ laborers? raising and in the past 12 activities in PREVIOUS past 12 months? and harvest activities CATEGORY] WORKER livestock months? the past 12 QUESTIONS? crops during during work during CATEGORY] FOR production in months? CONSIDER ALL the last the last the last work? PAYMENTS the past 12 INCLUDE IF LIVESTOCK, completed completed completed MADE months? ACTIVITIES FOR Q2=Q3=Q4=2 AQUACULTURE, farming farming farming IN-KIND, HOUSEHOLD Q6 FISHERY AND season, season? season? ESTIMATE BUSINESS AND FORESTRY [START/END THE CASH PERSONAL ACTIVITIES DATES]? VALUE WORKER CATEGORY CONSUMPTION COMBINED. ONLY IF 0 NEXT YES... 1 YES... 1 WORKER YES... 1 NO... 2 YES... 1 NO... 2 CATEGORY NO... 2 NO... 2 Q6 YES... 1 NO... 2 CODE CODE CODE CODE CODE CODE NUMBER TOTAL DAYS HOURS PER CURRENCY DAY HH ID 1 HH ID 2 LIST ALL HOUSEHOLD HH ID 3 MEMBERS HH ID 4 FROM HH ID 5 HOUSEHOLD ROSTER HH ID 6 HH ID 7, etc. Unpaid workers (i.e., Relatives, neighbors, community members) Hired workers ANNEX III  144 SECTION 2A. LIVESTOCK OWNERSHIP 1 PRIMARY RESPONDENT FOR SECTION ID CODE 2 Did anyone in the household own or keep any livestock in the past 12 months? YES...... 1 NO...... 2 SECTION 3 OWNERSHIP 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Over the past 12 How many Who Does your How many Over the past How many ENUMERATOR months, did your [LIVESTOCK manages the household of the 12 months, did of such (OR CAPI) household keep NAME] [LIVESTOCK own all of the [LIVESTOCK any household [LIVESTOCK CHECK: IS any [LIVESTOCK does your NAME] [LIVESTOCK NAME] kept members own NAME] are SECTION 2A NAME], whether household currently NAME] by your any [LIVESTOCK currently Q3=1 OR Q8= owned by the currently kept by your currently household NAME] not owned 1? household or by keep? household? kept by your are owned kept by your by your others? household? by household household? household? SELECT ALL members? OWNER(S) CAN THAT APPLY BE WITHIN IF 0 Q8 YES... 1 Q8 YES... 1 YES.. 1 CODE LS NAME CODE LS TYPE AND/OR 1 = MEN NO... 2 NO... 2Q10 IF NO... 2 NEXT OUTSIDE THE 2 = WOMEN Q3=1 ITEM HOUSEHOLD 3= ELSE NO  CHILDREN NEXT ITEM LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK YES... 1 TYPE NAME NO... 2 Q8 NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER 1 1.1 Large Bulls/oxen/steers 1.2 ruminants Cows/heifers 1.3 Calves - males/females 2 2.1 Small Goats - he/she/kids 2.2 ruminants Sheep - rams/ewes/lambs 3 3.1 Pigs Pigs - boar/sows/piglets 4 4.1 Poultry Chicken - cocks/broilers 4.2 Chicken - Hens/Layers 4.3 Other (Ducks/Guinea Fowls/Etc.) 5 5.1 Equines Horses 5.2 Mules/Donkeys 6 6.1 Other Insects (Bees/Crickets/Etc.) 6.2 Specify ……………….. Programmer note: For poultry Q11-Q19 must be asked using 3 months as the time reference. When using CAPI, program the appropriate timeframe into each livestock name. 145  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 2A. LIVESTOCK OWNERSHIP 1 PRIMARY RESPONDENT FOR SECTION ID CODE 2 Did anyone in the household own or keep any livestock in the past 12 months? YES...... 1 NO...... 2 SECTION 3 BORN PURCHASES OTH. SALES OF LIVE ANIMALS CODED O/E SLAUGHTER OTHER ENTRIES EXITS 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 How many How many What was How many How many What were Who in your How many How many [LIVESTOCK [LIVESTOCK the total [LIVESTOCK [LIVESTOCK the total household [LIVESTOCK [LIVESTOCK NAME] NAME] value of the NAME] were NAME] has revenues decides on NAME] has NAME] were born did this [LIVESTOCK received this household from these how to use this household died, went in the past household NAME] (gifts, etc.) sold alive [LIVESTOCK the earnings slaughtered missing (lost 12 months buy alive purchased in the past in the past NAME] sales? from the in the past or stolen), (poultry: 3 in the past in the past 12 months 12 months sale of live 12 months or were months)? 12 months 12 months (poultry: 3 (poultry: 3 [LIVESTOCK (poultry: 3 given away (poultry: 3 (poultry: 3 months)? months)? NAME]? months)? in the past months)? months)? 12 months LIST UP (poultry: 3 CODE LS NAME TO 2 IDS months)? CODE LS TYPE FROM THE HOUSEHOLD ROSTER LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK HHID HHID TYPE NAME NUMBER NUMBER CURRENCY NUMBER NUMBER CURRENCY 1 2 NUMBER NUMBER 1 1.1 Large Bulls/oxen/steers 1.2 ruminants Cows/heifers 1.3 Calves - males/females 2 2.1 Small Goats - he/she/kids 2.2 ruminants Sheep - rams/ewes/lambs 3 3.1 Pigs Pigs - boar/sows/piglets 4 4.1 Poultry Chicken - cocks/broilers 4.2 Chicken - Hens/Layers 4.3 Other (Ducks/Guinea Fowls/Etc.) 5 5.1 Equines Horses 5.2 Mules/Donkeys 6 6.1 Other Insects (Bees/Crickets/Etc.) 6.2 Specify ……………….. ANNEX III  146 SECTION 2B: LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS 1 PRIMARY RESPONDENT ID CODE QUESTIONS 3 - 8 ONLY FOR POULTRY 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ENUMERATOR [OR CAPI] How many How many On average, This means there were How many What was the CHECK: IS PRODUCT clutching [POULTRY] laid how many eggs roughly [Q3XQ4] [POULTRY] total value FROM AN ANIMAL THE periods did eggs during the per clutching eggs produced in the eggs from the received PRODUCT CODE HOUSEHOLD REPORTED [POULTRY] last clutching did each last clutching period. last clutching for these PRODUCT TYPE KEEPING OR OWNING? have on average period? [POULTRY] lay Roughly how many were sold? [POULTRY] SECTION 2A: during the last during their were consumed by the eggs? Q3==1 OR Q8 ==1? 12 months? last clutching household? IF 0 NEXT period? ITEM Q20 YES... 1 PRODUCT NO... 2 NEXT PRODUCT NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER CURRENCY Meat from 1 Beef (bovine, adult) slaughter 2 Veal (bovine, calf) 3 Mutton (goat/sheep meat) 5 Pork (pig meat) 6 Chicken, whole (not alive) 7 Chicken, parts Eggs 8 Chicken eggs 9 Other poultry eggs Milk 10 Cow milk 11 Goat or sheep milk Other 12 Cheese edibles 13 Butter 14 Yogurt 15 Honey 16 Insects/other (specify) 17 Other edible item (specify) Non- 18 Wool edibles 20 Non-carded animal hair 21 Silkworm cocoons 22 Furs 23 Animal skins and hides 24 Animal dung 25 Animal power 26 Other non-edible item, specify Designer note: 1. Egg and milk production recall are asked differently because, as items that are produced more frequently, it may be difficult for respondents to accurately recall a 12-month period of production & disposition. 2. If the survey context does not require specific consumption quantities, Q6 and Q12 can be modified to have the same answer options as Q16.This minimum level of detail is necessary to determine whether the production is classified as employment or own-use. 3. When using Q20, Section 2A Q10 must EXCLUDE the reference to “any related byproducts such as milk, eggs, fur, etc.” 147  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 2B: LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS 1 PRIMARY RESPONDENT ID CODE 9 10 11 12 13 14 During how many of During the last During the last This means there were How many liters What was the total the last 12 months month that month when roughly [Q10xQ11] of milk were sold/ value received for this did your household [LIVESTOCK [LIVESTOCK liters of milk produced bartered? milk? PRODUCT CODE PRODUCT TYPE milk [LIVESTOCK TYPE] were TYPE] were milked, in the last productive TYPE]? milked, how many how many liters of month. Roughly how IF 0 NEXT ITEM Q20 [LIVESTOCK TYPE] milk were obtained much of this was were milked? per day from the consumed by the entire herd? household? PRODUCT NUMBER NUMBER LITERS LITERS NUMBER CURRENCY Meat from 1 Beef (bovine, adult) slaughter 2 Veal (bovine, calf) 3 Mutton (goat/sheep meat) 5 Pork (pig meat) 6 Chicken, whole (not alive) 7 Chicken, parts Eggs 8 Chicken eggs 9 Other poultry eggs Milk 10 Cow milk 11 Goat or sheep milk Other 12 Cheese edibles 13 Butter 14 Yogurt 15 Honey 16 Insects/other (specify) 17 Other edible item (specify) Non- 18 Wool edibles 20 Non-carded animal hair 21 Silkworm cocoons 22 Furs 23 Animal skins and hides 24 Animal dung 25 Animal power 26 Other non-edible item, specify ANNEX III  148 SECTION 2B: LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS 1 PRIMARY RESPONDENT ID CODE CODED E/O 15 16 17 18 19 20 What is the quantity How much of this Did this household What is the quantity of What is the Who in your of [PRODUCT] [PRODUCT] was sell any [PRODUCT] [PRODUCT] sold in the total value of household kept or produced in the past consumed by the in the past 12 past 12 months? [PRODUCT] sold in decided what to do 12 months? household? months? the past 12 months? with these earnings? READ OPTIONS [INSERT APPLICABLE [INSERT APPLICABLE YES... 1 UNIT CODES] LIST UP TO 2 FROM UNIT CODES] ALL............................1 NO... 2 NEXT HOUSEHOLD PRODUCT CODE PRODUCT TYPE MORE THAN PRODUCT ROSTER HALF.........................2 LESS THAN HALF..3 NONE......................4 HH ROSTER HH ROSTER PRODUCT QUANTITY UNIT CODE QUANTITY UNIT VALUE ID CODE #1 ID CODE #2 Meat from 1 Beef (bovine, adult) slaughter 2 Veal (bovine, calf) 3 Mutton (goat/sheep meat) 5 Pork (pig meat) 6 Chicken, whole (not alive) 7 Chicken, parts Eggs 8 Chicken eggs 9 Other poultry eggs Milk 10 Cow milk 11 Goat or sheep milk Other 12 Cheese edibles 13 Butter 14 Yogurt 15 Honey 16 Insects/other (specify) 17 Other edible item (specify) Non- 18 Wool edibles 20 Non-carded animal hair 21 Silkworm cocoons 22 Furs 23 Animal skins and hides 24 Animal dung 25 Animal power 26 Other non-edible item, specify 149  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 3: FISHERY PRODUCTION INCLUDE ONLY FISHING AND ACQUACULTURE ACTIVITIES THAT ARE PART OF A HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISE OR HOUSEHOLD’S OWN CONSUMPTION. DO NOT INCLUDE HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS WITH PAID ACTVITIES/EMPLOYMENT IN THE FISHING/AQUACULTURE SECTOR. 1 PRIMARY RESPONDENT ID CODE 2 During the past 12 months, did you or any other household members catch or cultivate any fish, crustaceans, or clams/mollusks YES...... 1 [INSERT SPECIFIC LOCAL EXAMPLES], either for own use or sale? NO...... 2 SECTION 4 CODED E/O ITEMS 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Item List (specific In the last 12 In the last During these On a typical day, How many of How many What was the Who in your household kept types/species) to be months, have 12 months, months, how how much [ITEM] these [UNIT [UNIT FROM total value of or decided what to do with customized per country members of your during how frequently did did your household FROM Q6]s are Q6]s of [ITEM] this sale of these earnings? household FISHED many months household fish/harvest? usually consumed are usually [ITEM]? ASK ABOUT FISHING (or HARVESTED) did your members fish for or by the household? sold? LIST UP TO 2 FROM ALL ITEMS, THEN any [ITEM]? household harvest [ITEM] on [INSERT CONSIDER HOUSEHOLD ROSTER ABOUT HARVESTING fish/harvest average? APPLICABLE UNIT ALL TYPES (AQUACULTURE) ALL ASK ABOUT ALL [ITEM]? CODES] OF SALES, ITEMS. ITEMS BEFORE DAILY.............................1 INCLUDING CONTINUING TWICE A WEEK.........2 PRODUCTION TO NEXT WEEKLY........................3 CONTRACTS QUESTIONS. TWICE A MONTH....4 ONCE A MONTH..... 5 YES... 1 NO... 2 NEXT HH ROSTER HH ROSTER ITEM QUANTITY UNIT QUANTITY QUANTITY ID CODE #1 ID CODE #2 FISHING/WILD CATCH FISH CRUSTACEANS CLAMS/MOLLUSKS AQUACULTURE FISH CRUSTACEANS CLAMS/MOLLUSKS ANNEX III  150 SECTION 4: FOREST-BASED COLLECTION & PRODUCTION ONLY COVERS PRODUCTS THE HOUSEHOLD DID NOT PLANT OR CULTIVATE 1.a PRIMARY RESPONDENT ID CODE 1 During the past 12 months have you or any member of your household collected (foraged) any forest products (such as wild fruits, honey, wood, YES... 1 mushrooms, wild animals, medicinal plants, etc.) or other natural (“wild”) products (e.g. from grasslands, fallows, etc.), for either your own use or sale? NO... 2 SECTION 5 2 3 4 5 6 In the last 12 months, have In the last 12 During those months in What was the total quantity How much of the [ITEM] members of your household months, during how which your household of [ITEM] collected on the last collected during this last trip collected [ITEM]? many months did collected [ITEM], how collection/foraging trip? was used/consumed by your your household frequently was it collected, household? ITEMS ASK ABOUT ALL ITEMS collect [ITEM]? on average? PRODUCT CODE BEFORE CONTINUING TO DO NOT INCLUDE ANY NEXT QUESTIONS. DAILY.............................1 AMOUNT PROCESSED AND TWICE A WEEK.........2 SOLD. YES... 1 WEEKLY........................3 NO... 2 NEXT ITEM TWICE A MONTH....4 IF Q6=Q5 NEXT ITEM Item List must be customized ONCE A MONTH......5 per country NUMBER (1-12) CODE QUANTITY UNIT QUANTITY UNIT WOOD-BASED 1 Wood for charcoal production 2 Firewood 3 Other woods NON-WOOD BASED 4 Coconuts 5 Mushrooms 6 Honey 7 Palm wine 8 Ornamental flowers 9 Medicinal plants 10 Tea leaves ANIMALS 11 Snails 12 Wild birds (pheasant, bats, quail, etc.) 13 Wild pigs OTHER 14 Sand, stone, mud 15 Other, specify Designer note: Products processed using wild/forest products that were NOT collected by the household should be collected under Household Questionnaire Modules for Non-Farm Enterprises or for Time Use, depending on final use of outputs. Enumerator training should reinforce this protocol. 151  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SECTION 4: FOREST-BASED COLLECTION & PRODUCTION ONLY COVERS PRODUCTS THE HOUSEHOLD DID NOT PLANT OR CULTIVATE 1.a PRIMARY RESPONDENT ID CODE 1 During the past 12 months have you or any member of your household collected (foraged) any forest products (such as wild fruits, honey, wood, YES... 1 mushrooms, wild animals, medicinal plants, etc.) or other natural (“wild”) products (e.g. from grasslands, fallows, etc.), for either your own use or sale? NO... 2 SECTION 5 CODED E/O 7 8 9 10 11 From this last trip, What was the priceDuring the past 12 months, What was total value received Who in your household kept or how many [UNIT per [UNIT FROM how many [UNIT FROM for these processed [ITEM] decided what to do with these FROM Q5] of [ITEM] Q5] of [ITEM]? Q5] of [ITEM] did your products? earnings? ITEMS PRODUCT CODE did your household household process and sell/ sell/trade in its raw ESTIMATE PRICE IN trade? ESTIMATE PRICE IN CASE OF LIST UP TO 2 FROM HOUSEHOLD state? CASE OF TRADE/ TRADE/ BARTER. ROSTER BARTER. IF “0” Q9 Item List must be customized QUANTITY CURRENCY QUANTITY CURRENCY HH ROSTER HH ROSTER per country ID CODE #1 ID CODE #2 WOOD-BASED 1 Wood for charcoal production 2 Firewood 3 Other woods NON-WOOD BASED 4 Coconuts 5 Mushrooms 6 Honey 7 Palm wine 8 Ornamental flowers 9 Medicinal plants 10 Tea leaves ANIMALS 11 Snails 12 Wild birds (pheasant, bats, quail, etc.) 13 Wild pigs OTHER 14 Sand, stone, mud 15 Other, specify ANNEX III  152 SECTION 5: AGRICULTURE ASSETS ENUMERATOR: INCLUDE ASSETS USED EXCLUSIVELY FOR AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK, FISHING, AND FOREST-BASED ACTIVITIES. ASSETS THAT ARE ALSO USED FOR GENERAL HOUSEHOLD PURPOSES SHOULD BE RECORDED IN THE HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE, ASSETS SECTION. 1. PRIMARY RESPONDENT ID CODE CODED E/O ASK Q2 FOR ALL ITEMS FIRST. THEN, 2 3 4 5 CONTINUE WITH THE FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS FOR EACH ITEM OWNED BY Does your household own How many [ITEM]s does "If you wanted to sell (one Who in your HH owns (the majority of) [ITEM]? THE HOUSEHOLD. any [ITEM]? your household own? of) the [ITEM] today, how much would you receive? LIST UP TO 2. YES... 1 IF MORE THAN ONE IF ONLY ONE HH MEMBER OWNS, USE CODE 95 NO... 2 NEXT ITEM ITEM, REFER TO NEWEST (NO SECOND OWNER) FOR 5b. ITEM CODE ITEM NUMBER CURRENCY HHID CODE 1 HHID CODE 2 101 Hoe, shovel, or similar 102 Axe, sickle, slasher, or similar 103 Treadle pump 104 Ox cart or ox plow 105 Motorized pump 106 Tractor 107 Tractor implements such as plow, ridger, or cultivator 108 Generator 109 Grain mill 110 Fishing boat 111 Fishing nets 112 Granary 113 Barn 114 Livestock corral or pigsty 115 Chicken house or similar 116 Storage structure 117 Other equipment, specify: Designer note: Items related to agriculture are asked about here, separate from household assets. 153  CAPTURING WHAT MATTERS SELECT LSMS GUIDEBOOKS Employment and Own-Use Production in Household Surveys: A Practical Guide for Measuring Labor Josefine Durazo,Valentina Costa, Amparo Palacio-Lopez, and Isis Gadis August 2021 LSMS+ Program: Overview and Recommendations for Improving Individual-Disaggregated Data on Asset Ownership and Labor Outcomes Ardina Hasanbasri,Talip Kilic, Gayatri Koolwal, and Heather Moylan May 2021 Disability Measurement in Household Surveys: A Guidebook for Designing Household Survey Questionnaires Marco Tiberti and Valentina Costa January 2020 Trees on Farms: Measuring Their Contribution to Household Welfare Daniel C. Miller, Juan Carlos Muñoz-Mora, Alberta Zezza, and Josefine Durazo September 2019 Food Data Collection in Household Consumption and Expenditure Surveys Prepared by The Inter-Agency and Expert Group on Food Security, Agricultural and Rural Statistics April 2019 Measuring Household Expenditure on Education Gbemisola Oseni, Friedrich Huebler, Kevin McGee, Akuffo Amankwah, Elise Legault, and Andonirina Rakotonarivo December 2018 Spectral Soil Analysis & Household Surveys Sydney Gourlay, Ermias Aynekulu, Calogero Carletto, and Keith Shepherd October 2017 The Use of Non-Standard Units for the Collection of Food Quantity Gbemisola Oseni, Josefine Durazo, and Kevin McGee July 2017 Measuring the Role of Livestock in the Household Economy Alberto Zezza, Ugo Pica-Ciamarra, Harriet K. Mugera, Titus Mwisomba, and Patrick Okell November 2016 Land Area Measurement in Household Surveys Gero Carletto, Sydney Gourlay, Siobhan Murray, and Alberto Zezza August 2016 Measuring Asset Ownership from a Gender Perspective Talip Kilic and Heather Moylan April 2016 Measuring Conflict Exposure in Micro-Level Surveys Tilman Brück, Patricia Justino, Philip Verwimp, and Andrew Tedesco August 2013 Improving the Measurement and Policy Relevance of Migration Information in Multi-topic Household Surveys Alan de Brauw and Calogero Carletto May 2012 Living Standards Measurement Study www.worldbank.org/lsms data.worldbank.org