From World Development Indicators 55025 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Economic and social context Investment climate Private sector investment Finance and banking Infrastructure 2010 THE LITTLE DATA BOOK ON PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT Copyright ©2010 by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20433 U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing May 2010 ISBN: 978-0-8213-8247-9 eISBN: 978-0-8213-8448-0 DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8247-9 SKU: 18247 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 is a product of the Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Investment Climate Department of the Financial and Private Sector Development Vice Presidency of the World Bank Group. Editing, design, and layout by Communications Development Incorporated, Washington, D.C. Cover design by Peter Grundy Art & Design, London, U.K. Contents Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Data notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi Regional tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 East Asia and Pacific. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Europe and Central Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Middle East and North Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 South Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Income group tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Low income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Lower middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Upper middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Low and middle income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Euro area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 High income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Country tables (in alphabetical order) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 iii Acknowledgments The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 is based on World Development Indicators 2010 and its accompanying CD-ROM, with a focus on the private sector in development. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 is the result of close collaboration between the staff of the World Bank's Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Investment Climate Department of the Financial and Private Sector Development Vice Presidency. The Development Data Group team included David Cieslikowski, Richard Fix, Buyant Erdene Khaltarkhuu, Alison Kwong, Raymond Muhula, and William Prince. The Investment Climate Department's project coordinator was Shokraneh Minovi. The work was carried out under the management of Shaida Badiee, director of the Development Data Group, and Pierre Guislain, director of the Investment Climate Department. Meta de Coquereaumont, Christopher Trott, and Elaine Wilson of Communications Development Incorporated provided design, editing, and layout. Staff from External Affairs oversaw publication and dissemination of the book. iv 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Preface The global financial crisis has led to rising interest in private sector development and economic growth. There is strong evidence that crises can stimulate investment climate reform. A better investment climate makes economic adjustment easier and helps attract capital to create jobs and provide basic services. Well functioning finance markets and a robust private sector are critical in increasing productivity and growth and spreading equality of opportunity. The availability of cross-country data on the business environment has rapidly expanded in recent years, including data from the World Bank's Doing Business project and Enterprise Surveys. These data sources report on the scope and types of regulations that enhance--and constrain--business activity and provide information on business owners' assessments of the business environment. The data have led to new research, enabled benchmarking, and informed the reform process in many developing countries. Included in this guide are indicators on the economic and social context, the investment climate, private sector investment, finance and banking, and infrastructure. Though a pocket guide cannot include all relevant variables, the indicators that are included provide users with a general understanding of the private sector in each country. Indicators displayed in the tables are defined in the Glossary, which also lists data sources. We welcome your suggestions for how to improve future editions and make them more useful. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 v Data notes The data in this book are for 2000 and 2008 or the most recent year unless otherwise noted in the table or the Glossary. · Growth rates are proportional changes from the previous year unless otherwise noted. · Regional aggregates include data for low- and middle-income economies only. · Figures in italics indicate data for years or periods other than those specified. Symbols used: .. indicates that data are not available or that aggregates cannot be calculated because of missing data. 0 or 0.0 indicates zero or small enough that the number would round to zero at the displayed number of decimal places. $ indicates current U.S. dollars. Data are shown for economies with populations greater than 30,000 or for smaller economies if they are members of the World Bank. The term country (used interchangeably with economy) does not imply political independence or official recognition by the World Bank but refers to any economy for which the authorities report separate social or economic statistics. vi 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Regional tables The country composition of regions is based on the World Bank's analytical regions and may differ from common geographic usage. East Asia and Pacific American Samoa, Cambodia, China, Fiji, Indonesia, Kiribati, Democratic Republic of Korea, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam Europe and Central Asia Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan Latin America and the Caribbean Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Uruguay, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Middle East and North Africa Algeria, Djibouti, Arab Republic of Egypt, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, West Bank and Gaza, Republic of Yemen South Asia Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Sub-Saharan Africa Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 1 World 2000 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6,084.9 6,697.3 Labor force (millions) 2,755.9 3,102.8 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.5 6.4 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,264 8,654 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.2 3.1 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.6 3.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.1 27.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.3 17.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 67.3 69.3 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.5 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.6 28.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) .. 36 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 51.2 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 48.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.6 11.0 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.8 4.1 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.8 3.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.6 21.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­0.1 ­0.9 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 98.8 92.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 92.5 80.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.7 9.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 9.5 3.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 130.5 129.7 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.0 6.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 43.2 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,389 2,846 Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.3 60.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.8 23.9 2 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific 2000 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,807.1 1,929.6 Labor force (millions) 985.3 1,079.8 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.6 4.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 904 2,644 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 6.0 9.1 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.6 12.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 44.3 47.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 30.7 32.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 41.0 40.9 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.5 40.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.3 34.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) .. 42 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 56.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 38.0 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.2 8.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.1 1.2 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 17,993 10,579 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.6 3.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.5 37.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.9 18.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.6 ­1.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 104.6 105.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 45.8 47.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 101.1 99.8 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 5.1 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 34.3 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 879 1,883 Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.8 52.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.9 19.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 3 Europe & Central Asia 2000 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 440.5 443.3 Labor force (millions) 195.0 200.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.5 6.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,011 7,350 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 2.7 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.5 6.7 Industry value added (% of GDP) 34.0 32.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.5 17.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 56.5 60.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.1 34.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.8 34.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) .. 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 25.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 44.5 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.6 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.3 2.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 15,425 45,191 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.2 4.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.9 22.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.0 18.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.6 0.3 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 25.9 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 24.9 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.8 12.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 10.4 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 17.4 43.0 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.6 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 66.5 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,302 3,958 Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.5 109.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.5 28.6 4 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean 2000 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 512.4 566.1 Labor force (millions) 221.0 264.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.0 7.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,802 6,768 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.0 3.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.6 6.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.7 32.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.3 17.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.7 60.6 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.1 24.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.2 24.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) .. 67 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 55.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.2 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 48.5 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 7.2 6.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.3 2.1 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 37,252 40,851 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.9 3.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 21.1 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 16.2 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 42.7 54.9 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 31.0 40.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.6 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 7.5 2.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 27.7 38.8 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.5 7.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 24.3 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,582 1,866 Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.1 80.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.8 28.9 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 5 Middle East & North Africa 2000 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 280.5 325.2 Labor force (millions) 89.1 111.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 14.1 10.6 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,618 3,237 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.5 4.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.5 10.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 43.3 43.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.5 11.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 44.2 46.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.8 38.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.6 33.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) .. 23 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 54.8 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 41.6 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 12.9 10.1 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.4 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 1,310 3,942 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.2 4.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.0 24.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.0 15.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. 1.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 46.9 47.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 44.7 53.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 38.4 35.8 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.9 4.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 68.4 75.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,043 1,435 Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.2 58.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.9 18.9 6 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development South Asia 2000 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,362.4 1,545.1 Labor force (millions) 515.4 618.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.5 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 442 963 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 5.4 7.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 23.9 18.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.8 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.4 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.3 53.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.2 21.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.9 28.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) .. 28 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 75.8 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 40.0 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 3.7 2.7 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.1 0.2 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 3,027 33,367 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.7 3.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.2 32.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.8 23.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­4.0 ­2.2 Government debt (% of GDP) 64.6 61.3 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 38.6 65.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 39.0 61.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.9 6.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 19.5 9.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 27.7 49.5 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 30.4 56.9 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 359 482 Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.3 32.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 4.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 7 Sub-Saharan Africa 2000 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 671.8 819.3 Labor force (millions) 263.1 327.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 486 1,077 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.2 5.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 16.5 12.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.3 33.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.8 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 54.2 54.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.4 36.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.7 38.8 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) .. 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 66.2 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.4 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 67.6 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 6.6 6.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.1 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 2,787 11,759 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.0 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.2 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.7 14.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 40.0 42.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 31.2 34.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 61.4 58.5 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.6 10.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 12.1 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 490 550 Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.8 33.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 6.5 8 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Income group tables For operational and analytical purposes the World Bank's main criterion for classifying economies is gross national income (GNI) per capita. Every economy in The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development is classified as low income, middle income, or high income. Low- and middle-income economies are sometimes referred to as developing economies. The use of the term is convenient; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing similar development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of development. Classification by income does not necessarily reflect development status. Low-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $975 or less in 2008. Middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of more than $975 but less than $11,906. Lower-middle-income and upper-middle-income economies are separated at a GNI per capita of $3,855. High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $11,906 or more. Euro area includes the member states of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union that have adopted the euro as their currency: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and Spain. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 9 Low income 2000 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 824.7 976.2 Labor force (millions) 357.9 441.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 290 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.5 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 32.0 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.2 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.1 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 43.8 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.4 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.9 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) .. 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 7.0 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.1 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 886 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.9 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.4 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.6 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 25.1 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 20.3 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 20.5 36.5 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.5 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 12.1 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 255 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.4 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 4.6 10 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Middle income 2000 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4,249.9 4,652.3 Labor force (millions) 1,911.0 2,159.8 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.5 6.4 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,321 3,251 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.1 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.9 9.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.5 37.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.5 21.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.6 53.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.2 31.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.6 30.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) .. 40 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 49.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 42.0 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.4 10.0 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.2 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 88,129 146,632 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.7 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.8 27.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.6 17.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 60.8 69.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.3 43.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.5 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.2 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 50.9 62.6 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.3 6.4 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 37.6 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,109 1,666 Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.2 56.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.8 17.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 11 Lower middle income 2000 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3,361.5 3,703.0 Labor force (millions) 1,527.1 1,727.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.3 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 771 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 5.5 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 16.8 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 39.5 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 24.4 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 43.7 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.2 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.5 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) .. 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.6 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.5 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 21,192 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.1 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.2 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.4 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­3.0 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 78.2 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 40.8 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.8 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 16.8 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 71.1 82.6 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.6 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 37.6 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 720 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 3.4 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.2 13.9 12 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Upper middle income 2000 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 888.4 949.3 Labor force (millions) 383.9 432.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.5 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,399 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 2.9 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.0 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.0 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.7 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.0 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.2 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.7 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) .. 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.4 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.9 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 59,807 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.3 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.0 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.5 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 44.5 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 34.0 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.5 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 8.1 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 33.8 44.6 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.8 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 41.8 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,581 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 11.8 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.2 30.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 13 Low and middle income 2000 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5,074.6 5,628.5 Labor force (millions) 2,268.9 2,601.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.4 6.4 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,153 2,780 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.1 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 11.8 10.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.0 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.1 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.2 53.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.1 31.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.8 30.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) .. 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 55.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 51.5 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.1 10.4 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.9 2.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 47,450 153,045 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.7 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.7 27.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.6 17.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 59.7 68.7 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 36.8 43.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.6 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 49.9 61.9 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.6 6.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 24.3 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 995 1,478 Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.4 52.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.6 15.3 14 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Euro area 2000 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 311.6 326.1 Labor force (millions) 143.3 147.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.3 7.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 21,943 38,839 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 2.8 1.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.5 1.7 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.8 26.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.9 18.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.7 71.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.8 41.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.2 39.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) .. 15 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 36.5 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 45.9 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.6 8.9 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 2.5 3.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 10.2 3.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.4 21.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.0 ­0.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 60.5 51.7 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.3 6.1 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.8 2.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 97.9 126.4 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.4 3.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 95.4 100.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,371 6,963 Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 60.4 121.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 22.8 62.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 15 High income 2000 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,010.3 1,068.7 Labor force (millions) 487.0 501.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.1 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 25,918 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.1 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.8 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.9 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.9 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.3 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.9 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.3 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) .. 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 9.2 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 3.6 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.3 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.4 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.1 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 55.1 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 110.3 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 91.7 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.9 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.8 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 149.1 155.9 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.2 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 90.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 9,169 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 51.1 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 31.5 69.1 16 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Country tables China Data for China do not include data for Hong Kong SAR, China; Macao SAR, China; or Taiwan, China. Cyprus GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP refer to the area controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus. For more information, see World Development Indicators 2010 or data.worldbank.org. Kosovo, Montenegro, and Serbia Montenegro declared independence from Serbia and Montenegro on June 3, 2006. Where available, data for each country are shown separately. However, some indicators for Serbia prior to 2006 include data for Montenegro. Moreover, data for most indicators for Serbia from 1999 onward exclude data for Kosovo, which in 1999 became a territory under international administration pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999). Kosovo became a member of the World Bank on June 29, 2009, and its data are shown where available. Moldova GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP exclude Transnistria. For more information, see World Development Indicators 2010 or data.world- bank.org. Morocco GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP include Former Spanish Sahara. For more information, see World Development Indicators 2010 or data.worldbank.org. Tanzania GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP refer to mainland Tanzania only. For more information, see World Development Indicators 2010 or data.worldbank.org. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 17 Afghanistan South Asia Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 23.6 29.0 976 Labor force (millions) 7.4 9.3 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 8.5 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 370 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) .. 11.8 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 45.2 31.6 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.7 26.3 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.0 16.2 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 35.1 42.1 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. 22.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 47.4 50.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.6 17.2 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.6 52.7 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 160 Time to start a business (days) .. 7 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 30.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 36.4 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 20 20 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 6.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 28.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 1.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 45.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 8.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 70 185 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. 2.8 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.6 27.6 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 1.1 8.7 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­2.2 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. 9.6 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. 8.9 36.5 Real interest rate (%) .. 9.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 13.3 29.3 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 20.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 27.2 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 1.7 4.6 18 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Albania Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.1 3.1 3,703 Labor force (millions) 1.3 1.4 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 22.7 .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,170 3,840 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 5.2 5.4 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 29.1 20.8 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.0 19.6 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.4 19.6 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.9 59.6 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.1 3.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 143.7 83.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.1 31.2 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.5 59.4 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 82 Time to start a business (days) .. 5 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 56.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 44.9 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 10 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 9.1 13.5 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.5 0.9 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 11.4 18.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 83.8 22.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 10.4 12.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 27.4 41.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 14.0 24.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 102 64 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.9 7.6 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.7 32.4 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 18.1 23.9 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­6.7 ­3.0 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 51.9 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 32.4 43.4 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 40.9 51.6 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 6.7 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. 6.6 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.7 36.0 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 17.0 10.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.8 6.2 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 39.0 .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,218 1,186 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 37.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.0 99.9 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 23.9 13.9 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 19 Algeria Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 30.5 34.4 949 Labor force (millions) 11.1 14.5 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 29.8 13.8 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,610 4,190 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.2 4.3 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.9 6.9 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 58.6 62.1 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.5 4.6 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 32.5 31.0 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.3 4.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 75.3 64.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.2 47.5 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.4 23.5 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 136 Time to start a business (days) .. 24 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 14 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.5 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 72.0 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. 10.1 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.5 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 25.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 15.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 27.6 8.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 124.9 49.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 5.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 472 1,138 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.8 1.6 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.7 27.0 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.9 10.5 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. 9.5 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 62.1 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 33.1 32.7 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 24.0 41.1 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 6.0 13.5 44.6 Real interest rate (%) ­11.7 ­2.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.5 6.3 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 68.9 70.2 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 695 902 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 4.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.3 92.7 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 11.9 30.6 20 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific American Samoa Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.06 0.07 949 Labor force (millions) .. .. 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.1 .. 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) .. .. 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 44.6 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 3.5 3.6 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 30.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 21 Andorra High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) .. 0.08 1,069 Labor force (millions) .. .. 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 36,970 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.6 6.4 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 155.9 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. 76.6 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) .. 70.5 69.1 22 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Angola Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 14.3 18.0 3,703 Labor force (millions) 6.2 8.0 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 410 3,340 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 6.3 13.5 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.7 6.6 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 72.1 67.8 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.9 4.8 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 22.2 25.7 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 325.0 12.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 10.0 75.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 89.6 75.6 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.8 50.8 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 169 Time to start a business (days) .. 68 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 58.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 6.2 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 53.2 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 35 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 7.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 14.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 2.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 60.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 5.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 68 327 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.6 2.0 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.1 12.4 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.9 1.8 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 1.3 7.7 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 8.3 10.5 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.6 .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 10.4 .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 2.0 12.5 82.6 Real interest rate (%) ­60.8 ­9.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 63.6 6.3 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 10.4 .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 86 185 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 37.6 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 3.1 13.9 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 23 Antigua and Barbuda High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.08 0.09 1,069 Labor force (millions) .. .. 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.4 .. 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,960 13,200 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.4 6.4 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.9 3.0 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.8 27.8 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.3 1.9 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 76.3 69.2 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 70.3 51.1 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 75.1 75.7 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 50 Time to start a business (days) .. 21 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 52.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 41.5 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.5 20.8 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 48.1 73.7 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 24.9 .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 72.9 75.1 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 11.7 7.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.0 6.9 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 33.0 .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 28.5 157.7 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.5 75.0 69.1 24 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Argentina Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 36.9 39.9 949 Labor force (millions) 16.3 19.1 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 15.0 7.3 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,460 7,190 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 2.7 5.3 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.0 9.8 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.6 32.3 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.5 21.2 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 67.4 57.9 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­0.9 8.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 3.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 10.9 24.5 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 11.5 20.7 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 118 Time to start a business (days) .. 27 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 15 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 95.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.8 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 108.1 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 35 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 7.2 7.5 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.6 0.6 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 13.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 4.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 6.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 45.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 26.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 4,863 2,620 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.7 3.0 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.2 23.3 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.2 20.4 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­5.7 ­0.5 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 33.7 20.3 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 27.2 18.5 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 12.9 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 16.0 2.7 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.9 13.7 44.6 Real interest rate (%) 9.9 0.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.7 8.4 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 29.4 30.0 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,085 2,659 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 17.6 116.6 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 7.0 28.1 30.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 25 Armenia Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.1 3.1 3,703 Labor force (millions) 1.5 1.6 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.7 9.6 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 660 3,350 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 5.1 12.4 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 25.5 17.8 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.4 45.0 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 24.1 14.7 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.0 37.2 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­0.8 8.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 539.5 306.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.4 14.7 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50.5 39.8 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 43 Time to start a business (days) .. 15 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 13.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.9 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 36.2 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 20 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 4.9 6.8 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.2 1.9 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 1.9 10.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 33.7 13.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 5.3 31.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 2.3 16.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.6 26.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 33 686 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.5 7.8 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.4 40.0 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.9 35.2 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­0.5 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 10.5 11.9 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 7.6 10.0 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 14.3 23.0 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 17.5 4.4 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.9 17.4 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 33.4 8.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.5 10.4 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 96.8 89.8 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,295 1,692 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.6 100.0 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.3 6.2 13.9 26 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Aruba High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.09 0.11 1,069 Labor force (millions) .. .. 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.5 .. 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.4 .. 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.0 9.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.8 1.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.9 .. 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 91.2 .. 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 28 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) ­6.5 .. 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 44.5 57.3 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 47.3 53.5 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 45.2 57.0 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 7.7 9.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.9 7.6 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 16.5 114.6 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 15.4 22.8 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 27 Australia High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 19.2 21.4 1,069 Labor force (millions) 9.6 11.3 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.3 4.2 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 20,710 40,240 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.1 3.3 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.5 2.5 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.9 29.1 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.2 10.5 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.6 68.4 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.5 4.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.7 1.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.9 20.7 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.9 22.6 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 9 Time to start a business (days) .. 2 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 2 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 48.0 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 36 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. 14.0 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 6.5 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.4 4.7 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.8 28.3 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.9 1.5 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 28.4 19.4 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.9 4.2 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.5 0.5 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 84.2 121.5 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 7.1 4.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.1 3.7 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 38.7 .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 10,055 11,249 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 44.7 103.2 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 46.8 70.8 69.1 28 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Austria High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.0 8.3 1,069 Labor force (millions) 3.9 4.3 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.7 3.8 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 25,830 45,900 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.0 2.2 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.0 1.9 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.8 30.9 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 20.6 20.1 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 67.2 67.2 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.4 3.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.4 58.8 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.7 53.5 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 28 Time to start a business (days) .. 28 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 2.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.1 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 55.5 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 34 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 5.2 4.6 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.6 0.6 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.5 3.5 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.0 22.4 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.0 ­0.7 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 65.9 64.5 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.2 6.3 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.4 2.0 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 103.1 119.1 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 5.2 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.4 .. 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,109 8,033 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 76.4 129.7 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 33.7 71.2 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 29 Azerbaijan Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.0 8.7 3,703 Labor force (millions) 3.5 4.1 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 16.3 6.5 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 610 3,830 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 7.3 18.1 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 17.1 6.3 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 45.3 69.9 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.6 4.5 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 37.5 23.8 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.9 53.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.9 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.0 69.5 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.4 24.8 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 38 Time to start a business (days) .. 10 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 22.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.7 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 40.9 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 6.8 7.1 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.7 0.9 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 3.0 3.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 61.1 43.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 4.6 19.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 6.0 9.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.1 18.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 61 474 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.5 0.0 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.1 20.1 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.1 5.2 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­4.7 0.4 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 10.3 14.3 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 7.5 10.2 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 28.0 .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 5.9 16.5 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 6.4 ­1.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.8 7.5 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 92.3 49.4 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,040 2,394 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.2 75.4 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 28.2 13.9 30 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Bahamas, The High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.30 0.34 1,069 Labor force (millions) 0.16 0.18 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.9 7.9 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 17,040 21,390 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 5.5 1.3 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.0 1.6 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.3 19.7 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.4 4.5 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 78.7 78.7 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.6 4.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.3 45.3 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.9 68.1 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 68 Time to start a business (days) .. 31 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 47.0 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 0 0 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.5 9.9 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 33.8 37.8 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.4 ­1.7 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 27.4 36.4 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 68.2 90.2 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 58.5 71.2 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 65.5 86.0 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 3.0 3.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 1.9 1.6 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 57.4 .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 10.3 106.0 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.3 31.5 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 31 Bahrain High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.65 0.78 1,069 Labor force (millions) 0.30 0.36 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.5 .. 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,740 25,420 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.3 6.6 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­0.7 3.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.4 0.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 89.4 96.8 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.4 74.3 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 20 Time to start a business (days) .. 9 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 15.0 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 0 0 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.6 8.2 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.5 31.9 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 8.5 6.4 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 29.3 14.7 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 55.6 .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 63.6 .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 54.8 119.2 155.9 Real interest rate (%) ­2.3 0.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.9 3.9 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 77.6 79.1 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 8,831 14,153 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 31.6 185.8 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.2 51.9 69.1 32 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development South Asia Bangladesh Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 140.8 160.0 976 Labor force (millions) 62.8 76.8 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.3 4.3 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 350 520 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 5.2 5.8 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 25.5 19.0 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.3 28.5 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.2 17.8 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.2 52.5 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.2 8.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 52.1 68.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.0 20.3 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.2 28.8 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 119 Time to start a business (days) .. 44 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 104.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 35.0 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 5.7 7.9 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.0 0.1 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 3.7 3.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 85.8 54.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 56.5 24.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 79.6 50.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 7.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 93 927 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.6 1.2 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 24.2 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.6 19.3 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­0.7 ­1.0 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 36.2 36.2 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 30.0 51.8 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 27.2 49.6 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 3.5 6.5 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 34.9 11.2 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 24.7 39.2 36.5 Real interest rate (%) 13.4 7.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 6.7 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 9.5 9.5 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 95 144 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 101.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 27.9 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 0.3 4.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 33 Barbados High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.25 0.26 1,069 Labor force (millions) 0.14 0.15 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.3 9.8 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,110 .. 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.7 .. 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.3 3.8 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.3 18.4 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.4 7.3 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 79.4 77.9 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.4 8.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.0 2.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50.5 60.0 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.0 64.2 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 40 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.8 6.8 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.4 22.5 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.2 24.0 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­9.3 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 91.6 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 74.3 86.1 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 67.6 88.8 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 65.5 94.6 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 9.4 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.2 5.6 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 98.6 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 11.3 159.1 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.0 73.7 69.1 34 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Belarus Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.0 9.7 949 Labor force (millions) 4.8 4.9 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,380 5,360 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 6.7 8.6 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.2 9.8 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 39.2 44.4 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 31.6 32.9 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 46.7 45.8 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 168.6 14.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 876.8 2,136.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.2 61.8 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 72.4 69.2 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 58 Time to start a business (days) .. 6 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 22.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.8 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 99.7 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 24 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 6.2 13.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 34.5 6.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 11.4 35.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 14.7 15.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 10.6 13.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 39 1,134 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.9 3.6 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.2 32.7 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 22.7 24.8 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.1 2.4 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 15.0 10.7 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 11.3 29.5 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 9.3 17.7 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 15.1 17.4 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 10.8 0.6 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.9 28.8 44.6 Real interest rate (%) ­41.2 ­9.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 30.1 0.0 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 95.6 88.6 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,989 3,345 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.4 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.5 84.0 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.9 32.1 30.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 35 Belgium High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.3 10.7 1,069 Labor force (millions) 4.4 4.8 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.6 7.0 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 25,360 44,570 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 2.7 2.0 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.4 0.8 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.0 23.2 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.3 16.4 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 71.6 76.1 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.5 4.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 84.6 92.1 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 81.7 92.6 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 22 Time to start a business (days) .. 4 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 3 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 16.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 0.9 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 57.3 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 40 34 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 7.6 7.9 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 3.3 4.1 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 92.7 19.8 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.8 22.7 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.0 ­1.1 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 107.0 88.0 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 2.8 3.3 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.8 1.7 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 78.1 94.5 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 6.0 6.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.4 5.2 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 78.2 78.2 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 8,247 8,614 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 54.9 110.4 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 29.3 68.1 69.1 36 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Belize Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.25 0.32 3,703 Labor force (millions) 0.09 0.13 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.1 8.2 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,110 3,740 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 5.8 4.7 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 16.7 12.2 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.2 22.8 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.9 14.3 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.1 65.1 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.6 6.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.0 2.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.0 62.1 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 73.7 70.0 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 80 Time to start a business (days) .. 44 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 24.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 28.9 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 18 75 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.8 14.0 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.7 25.5 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.9 .. ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 52.8 63.2 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 15.5 11.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.3 5.7 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 17.0 .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.7 49.7 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.0 10.6 13.9 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 37 Benin Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.7 8.7 976 Labor force (millions) 2.7 3.6 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 0.7 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 360 700 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 5.3 3.9 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 36.5 32.2 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.9 13.4 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.8 7.5 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.6 54.4 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.2 7.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 447.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.2 15.2 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.1 28.9 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 172 Time to start a business (days) .. 31 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 36.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 73.3 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 38 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 20.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 26.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 4.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 86.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 7.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 90 51 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.6 1.8 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 20.7 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.3 14.9 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.7 ­0.3 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 12.2 17.7 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.2 19.0 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 12.1 20.9 36.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 20.0 9.5 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 60 72 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 13.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.8 39.7 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 1.8 4.6 38 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Bermuda High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.06 0.06 1,069 Labor force (millions) .. .. 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.7 .. 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 32,760 .. 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.6 4.2 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 155.9 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 20.9 123.1 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 43.5 79.4 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 39 Bhutan South Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.56 0.69 3,703 Labor force (millions) 0.18 0.29 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 3.2 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 730 1,900 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 6.2 8.6 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 28.4 18.7 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.3 46.1 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.5 6.5 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 36.3 35.2 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.0 8.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 44.9 43.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.5 55.9 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.3 51.1 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 126 Time to start a business (days) .. 46 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 10.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 40.6 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 16.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 2.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 64.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 14.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 5.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 18 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 2.3 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 50.6 46.4 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 38.6 35.3 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.5 2.1 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 40.2 77.7 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 11.1 15.7 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 44.2 39.7 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.1 25.6 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 10.8 9.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.8 9.5 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 60.7 62.0 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 3.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 36.5 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.4 6.6 13.9 40 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Bolivia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.3 9.7 3,703 Labor force (millions) 3.6 4.4 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.8 .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,000 1,460 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.5 4.1 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.0 13.5 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.8 38.4 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.3 14.4 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.2 48.2 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.6 14.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.2 7.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.3 44.9 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.3 38.0 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 161 Time to start a business (days) .. 50 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 15 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. ..a 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.8 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 80.0 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 25 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 9.1 6.6 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.4 0.3 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 13.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 19.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 22.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 15.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 13.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 323 86 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.8 3.1 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 17.2 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.8 7.5 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­8.7 1.2 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 61.8 35.1 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 45.9 34.9 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.8 9.3 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 10.3 4.3 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 58.7 34.7 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 27.9 3.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 23.6 9.2 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 6.6 7.0 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 421 515 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 0.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.0 49.8 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.4 10.8 13.9 a. Laws ban dismissing workers on economic grounds. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 41 Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.7 3.8 949 Labor force (millions) 1.8 1.9 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 29.0 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,500 4,520 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 25.2 5.4 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 11.0 9.1 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.9 28.5 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.5 14.1 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.1 62.4 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.1 1.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.6 36.8 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 77.9 69.5 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 116 Time to start a business (days) .. 60 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 12 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 31.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.3 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 27.1 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 10 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 7.5 1.3 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.9 0.1 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 7.8 11.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 65.2 1.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 25.8 59.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 4.3 50.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 13.9 30.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 12 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.7 5.7 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.2 24.4 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.0 18.7 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­1.5 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 20.1 13.1 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 9.9 3.1 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 38.5 57.8 44.6 Real interest rate (%) 4.5 ­0.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 15.8 3.5 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 52.3 52.3 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,062 2,381 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 3.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.5 84.3 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.1 34.7 30.6 42 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Botswana Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.7 1.9 949 Labor force (millions) 0.80 0.97 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 15.8 17.6 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,330 6,640 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 8.6 4.5 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.4 1.9 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 58.9 52.9 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.4 3.5 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 38.6 45.2 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8.6 12.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.1 6.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.6 46.2 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.7 38.8 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 45 Time to start a business (days) .. 61 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 90.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.7 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 17.1 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 25 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 5.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 4.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 11.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 25.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 12.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 17 52 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.9 0.8 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.7 23.4 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.6 16.2 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 15.8 23.6 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 23.9 43.9 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.3 .. 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.7 .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 13.8 21.1 44.6 Real interest rate (%) 3.1 ­0.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.1 7.9 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 35.3 32.6 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 924 1,435 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.9 77.3 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.9 6.2 30.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 43 Brazil Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 174.2 192.0 949 Labor force (millions) 83.4 99.9 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.3 7.9 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,870 7,300 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 1.7 3.6 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.6 6.7 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.7 28.0 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.2 16.0 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 66.7 65.3 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.0 5.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.8 1.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 10.0 14.3 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 11.7 14.2 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 129 Time to start a business (days) .. 120 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 16 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 46.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 69.2 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 37 34 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 11.2 8.7 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 4.0 4.1 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 18.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 16.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 48.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 36.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 25.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 21,327 23,422 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.1 2.9 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.8 19.0 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 15.2 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­1.3 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. 60.9 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 62.9 81.5 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 40.5 58.4 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.1 9.1 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 8.3 3.1 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 33.0 55.7 44.6 Real interest rate (%) 47.7 39.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 39.6 35.6 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 5.5 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,894 2,171 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.3 78.5 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.9 37.5 30.6 44 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Brunei Darussalam High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.33 0.39 1,069 Labor force (millions) 0.15 0.19 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 14,670 27,050 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 1.0 2.1 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.0 0.7 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 63.7 71.0 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.4 10.4 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 35.3 28.3 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.6 0.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.7 1.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 67.4 67.7 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.8 27.8 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 96 Time to start a business (days) .. 116 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 18 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 30.3 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.3 0.8 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.0 13.0 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 73.4 60.2 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 105.4 82.5 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 50.3 37.2 155.9 Real interest rate (%) ­18.2 4.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. 4.6 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 34.7 77.2 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,539 8,393 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 28.5 95.8 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 9.0 55.3 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 45 Bulgaria Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.1 7.6 949 Labor force (millions) 3.6 3.7 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 17.1 5.7 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,600 5,490 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) ­0.4 5.8 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.2 7.3 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.7 30.5 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.1 15.1 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.1 62.2 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 10.3 12.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.1 1.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55.7 60.5 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.1 83.3 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 44 Time to start a business (days) .. 18 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 9.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.3 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 31.4 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 10 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 15.4 15.7 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 4.7 9.8 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 2.6 10.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 53.4 6.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 19.2 34.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 5.0 44.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 14.7 19.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 157 1,017 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.9 18.4 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.7 33.4 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.6 26.6 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­0.4 3.2 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 16.0 58.4 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 21.5 53.6 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 15.3 8.5 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 17.3 2.4 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 12.6 74.5 44.6 Real interest rate (%) 4.4 ­0.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.2 6.4 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 92.1 98.4 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,724 4,456 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 3.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 9.2 137.7 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 5.3 34.7 30.6 46 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Burkina Faso Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 11.7 15.2 976 Labor force (millions) 5.2 6.9 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.4 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 250 480 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 6.8 5.6 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 29.0 33.3 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.4 22.4 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.2 13.6 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 46.6 44.4 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­0.3 10.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 447.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 9.1 11.5 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.2 26.8 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 147 Time to start a business (days) .. 14 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 34.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 44.9 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.0 0.1 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 22.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 6.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 25.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 23.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 14.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 27 109 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.9 1.7 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 20.8 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.0 11.1 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­4.2 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 12.1 16.9 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 12.3 15.0 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 11.7 18.6 36.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 16.0 4.2 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 10.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 16.8 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 0.9 4.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 47 Burundi Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.5 8.1 976 Labor force (millions) 3.1 4.4 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 120 140 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) ­0.7 2.9 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 40.4 34.8 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 18.8 20.0 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.7 8.8 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.8 45.1 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 24.3 24.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 720.7 1,185.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 7.8 10.7 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.9 47.0 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 176 Time to start a business (days) .. 32 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 278.6 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 5.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 22.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 12.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 24.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 7.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 36 6 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.6 0.3 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 6.1 16.4 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 0.8 1.7 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.4 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) 162.6 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 19.2 23.6 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.3 26.9 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 25.0 21.5 36.5 Real interest rate (%) 2.3 ­6.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 7.1 10.4 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 12.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.3 6.0 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 0.8 4.6 48 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Cambodia Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 12.8 14.6 976 Labor force (millions) 5.9 7.5 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.5 7.1 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 280 640 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 7.3 9.8 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 37.8 34.6 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.0 23.9 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.9 16.4 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.1 41.5 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­0.8 25.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3,840.8 4,054.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.8 65.3 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.8 72.9 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 145 Time to start a business (days) .. 85 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 39.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 22.7 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 5.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 60.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 11.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 15.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 2.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 2 84 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.1 7.9 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 19.4 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.9 14.1 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­3.4 ­1.7 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 5.9 14.0 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 8.1 20.6 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 6.4 23.5 36.5 Real interest rate (%) 21.2 11.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.5 14.6 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 7.5 6.3 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 29 94 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 27.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.0 29.1 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 0.5 4.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 49 Cameroon Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 15.9 19.1 3,703 Labor force (millions) 6.0 7.5 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.5 .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 620 1,150 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.8 3.5 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.1 19.5 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.0 30.6 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 20.8 16.5 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 41.8 49.9 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.2 5.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 447.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.3 29.6 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.7 29.2 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 171 Time to start a business (days) .. 34 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 12 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 33.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.2 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 50.5 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 39 .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 7.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 30.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 31.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 17.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 20.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 95 211 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.6 0.2 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.0 17.1 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.9 14.7 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.1 .. ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 91.7 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 11.4 11.5 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 10.1 14.0 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.2 10.4 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 18.6 12.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.0 10.8 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 8.1 8.4 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 171 265 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 10.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.7 32.3 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.3 3.8 13.9 50 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Canada High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 30.8 33.3 1,069 Labor force (millions) 16.3 18.7 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.8 6.1 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 22,130 43,640 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.3 2.5 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.3 2.2 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.2 31.7 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.2 16.2 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.5 66.1 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.7 2.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.5 1.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.6 34.7 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.8 32.7 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 8 Time to start a business (days) .. 5 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 1 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 28.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 0.8 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 43.6 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 45 34 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 6.9 8.3 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 4.6 9.1 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.1 3.0 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.2 22.6 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.4 1.6 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 59.9 45.2 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 83.6 140.7 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 67.8 116.3 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.7 5.1 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.3 1.1 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 95.7 128.4 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 3.0 0.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.8 3.2 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 39.9 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 16,991 16,995 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 28.4 66.3 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 42.2 75.3 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 51 Cape Verde Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.44 0.50 3,703 Labor force (millions) 0.16 0.21 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,310 2,800 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 6.6 5.3 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.0 8.8 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.9 18.1 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.3 6.9 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.2 73.1 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­2.5 6.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 119.7 75.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.5 21.7 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.4 59.4 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 146 Time to start a business (days) .. 24 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 93.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 49.7 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 4.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 1.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 35.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 30.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 15.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 5 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.3 13.3 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.7 46.6 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 7.2 36.6 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. 2.4 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 46.9 57.1 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 50.5 65.0 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 40.7 58.8 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 13.3 3.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.6 6.2 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 69.0 .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 4.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.5 55.7 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.8 20.6 13.9 52 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Cayman Islands High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.04 0.05 1,069 Labor force (millions) .. .. 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.5 3.8 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) .. .. 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 0 0 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 155.9 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 26.6 84.0 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) .. 42.4 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 53 Central African Republic Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.7 4.3 976 Labor force (millions) 1.7 2.0 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 270 410 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.0 0.5 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 53.1 52.9 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.8 14.2 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.0 7.6 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 31.0 32.9 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.2 9.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 447.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.8 10.8 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.1 23.4 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 183 Time to start a business (days) .. 22 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 22.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.8 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 203.8 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 3 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.1 6.1 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 9.5 11.6 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 4.8 7.1 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­0.5 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 7.6 8.8 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 3.9 4.7 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.5 7.0 36.5 Real interest rate (%) 18.3 12.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.0 10.8 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 2.7 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.1 3.5 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 0.4 4.6 54 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Chad Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.4 10.9 976 Labor force (millions) 3.3 4.2 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 180 540 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.1 11.9 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 42.3 13.6 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 11.3 48.8 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.9 6.6 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 46.3 37.5 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.8 10.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 447.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.9 54.1 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.7 49.6 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 178 Time to start a business (days) .. 75 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 19 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 36.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 60.9 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 20.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 21.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 4.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 10.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 43.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 5 99 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.3 9.9 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.9 14.1 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.5 6.2 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 5.3 4.8 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 3.6 3.9 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 3.5 3.7 36.5 Real interest rate (%) 15.9 9.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.0 10.8 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 0.8 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 22.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.1 16.6 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 1.2 4.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 55 Channel Islands High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.15 0.15 1,069 Labor force (millions) .. .. 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 43,010 68,610 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) .. 0.5 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 155.9 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 69.1 56 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Chile Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 15.4 16.8 949 Labor force (millions) 6.1 7.7 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.3 7.8 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,840 9,370 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.8 4.4 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.1 3.9 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 38.4 43.8 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.5 13.5 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.5 52.3 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.8 8.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 539.6 522.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.6 45.1 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.7 41.0 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 49 Time to start a business (days) .. 27 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 52.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.5 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 25.3 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 15 17 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 12.3 11.2 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 2.3 2.3 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 9.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 7.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 29.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 22.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 22.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 2,051 1,695 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.5 9.9 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.7 24.0 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 18.2 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­0.7 4.8 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 60.5 67.0 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 48.7 48.9 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.5 6.9 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.7 1.0 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 73.6 97.7 44.6 Real interest rate (%) 9.8 13.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.6 5.8 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 18.4 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,487 3,318 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 22.1 88.1 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 16.6 32.5 30.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 57 China East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,262.6 1,324.7 3,703 Labor force (millions) 726.0 776.9 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.1 4.2 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 930 2,940 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 8.5 10.4 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.1 11.3 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 45.9 48.6 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 32.1 34.4 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.0 40.1 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.3 5.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.3 6.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.3 36.6 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.9 28.5 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 89 Time to start a business (days) .. 37 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 14 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 91.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.7 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 78.5 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 33 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 18.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 38.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 28.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 27.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 35.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 8,131 1,864 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.2 3.4 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 34.1 42.0 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 7.5 19.2 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.6 ­1.4 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 11.6 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 114.2 114.8 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 36.0 43.5 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.1 6.1 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 22.4 2.4 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 112.3 108.3 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 3.7 ­1.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.6 3.1 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 49.6 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 993 2,332 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.8 48.4 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.8 22.5 13.9 58 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Colombia Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 39.8 45.0 949 Labor force (millions) 15.1 18.6 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 20.5 11.7 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,280 4,620 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 0.6 4.9 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.4 8.6 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.8 36.5 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.4 16.0 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.9 54.9 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.2 7.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2,087.9 1,967.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 17.4 18.2 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.9 21.7 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 37 Time to start a business (days) .. 20 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 59.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 78.7 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 33 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 5.4 5.8 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.9 1.0 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 14.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 1.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 30.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 26.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 5.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 1,032 2,718 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.5 4.3 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.2 .. 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 9.8 19.7 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­6.2 ­2.1 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. 54.3 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 33.3 43.9 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 27.1 20.1 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.2 12.2 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.0 4.0 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.8 34.2 44.6 Real interest rate (%) ­5.6 8.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.6 7.4 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 14.4 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 844 977 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.7 91.9 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.2 38.5 30.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 59 Comoros Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.54 0.64 976 Labor force (millions) 0.25 0.32 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 400 750 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 1.7 2.0 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 48.6 45.8 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 11.5 12.0 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.5 4.2 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.9 42.2 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 534.0 335.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.7 12.8 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.5 36.9 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 162 Time to start a business (days) .. 24 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 100.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 41.1 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 0.5 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 1.5 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 10.1 16.1 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 6.2 8.1 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 11.9 11.5 36.5 Real interest rate (%) 7.9 1.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 9.0 4.5 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 76.5 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 15.3 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.3 3.6 4.6 60 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Congo, Dem. Rep. Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 50.8 64.3 976 Labor force (millions) 18.6 24.0 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 80 150 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) ­3.8 5.2 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 50.0 40.2 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.3 28.0 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.8 5.5 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 29.7 31.8 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 513.9 17.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 21.8 559.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.4 23.3 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.4 38.6 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 182 Time to start a business (days) .. 149 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 31.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.2 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 322.0 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 40 40 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 6.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 64.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 3.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 20.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 4.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 41 335 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.9 8.6 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 3.5 23.9 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 3.0 11.3 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­4.0 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) 152.2 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 0.6 1.7 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 1.7 3.1 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 0.7 7.1 36.5 Real interest rate (%) ­57.0 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 1.8 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 89 97 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 17.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 4.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 61 Congo, Rep. Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.0 3.6 3,703 Labor force (millions) 1.3 1.6 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 580 1,790 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 1.9 3.9 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.3 4.1 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 72.2 75.0 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.5 3.8 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 22.5 20.9 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­0.9 7.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 447.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 80.3 78.7 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.6 51.4 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 179 Time to start a business (days) .. 37 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 33.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 65.5 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 45 .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.1 0.1 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 6.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 37.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 7.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 8.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 19.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 35 856 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.2 24.5 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.9 20.5 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.0 11.1 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­1.3 9.6 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 0.2 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 7.2 2.7 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 6.5 8.9 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.8 3.5 82.6 Real interest rate (%) ­17.0 24.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.0 10.8 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 9.7 5.0 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 99 135 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 25.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.3 50.0 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 4.3 13.9 62 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Costa Rica Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.9 4.5 949 Labor force (millions) 1.6 2.1 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.2 4.6 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,700 6,060 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 5.7 5.4 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.5 7.3 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.1 29.0 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 25.3 20.8 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.5 63.7 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 11.0 13.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 308.2 526.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.6 45.8 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.8 55.2 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 121 Time to start a business (days) .. 60 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 12 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 29.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.5 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 54.8 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. 10.3 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 3.8 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 9.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 14.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 48.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 10.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 161 330 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.6 6.8 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.8 24.2 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.3 22.0 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­0.8 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 36.2 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 24.7 42.3 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 12.1 22.2 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.8 13.3 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.5 1.5 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 24.0 50.8 44.6 Real interest rate (%) 16.7 3.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.5 11.7 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 22.0 25.5 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,517 1,863 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.4 41.7 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 5.8 32.3 30.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 63 Côte d'Ivoire Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 17.3 20.6 3,703 Labor force (millions) 6.7 8.1 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.1 .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 620 980 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.4 0.5 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 24.2 25.0 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.9 26.1 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.7 18.0 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.9 48.9 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.5 6.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 447.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.4 46.5 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.3 38.8 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 168 Time to start a business (days) .. 40 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 49.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.2 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 44.7 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 1.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 13.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 13.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 20.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 4.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 215 301 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.3 1.7 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.2 10.1 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.4 7.1 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­0.3 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 96.4 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 19.7 17.7 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.9 16.1 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 15.5 16.3 82.6 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 9.7 8.1 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 166 178 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 3.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.7 50.7 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 3.2 13.9 64 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Croatia High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.4 4.4 1,069 Labor force (millions) 2.0 2.0 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 16.1 8.4 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,170 13,580 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.0 4.5 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.4 6.4 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.4 28.4 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 20.3 16.9 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 63.2 65.1 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.6 6.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.3 4.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.0 41.9 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.3 50.3 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 103 Time to start a business (days) .. 22 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 39.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.1 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 32.5 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 20 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 2.0 5.5 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.1 3.7 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 4.6 10.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 43.7 6.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 36.1 60.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 42.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 16.3 16.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 746 719 .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.2 6.9 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.8 27.6 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.5 24.1 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­5.3 ­1.1 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 43.1 71.0 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 33.0 58.5 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.9 13.5 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 9.5 4.9 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 32.3 64.9 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 7.2 3.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.3 7.2 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 85.4 89.1 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,840 3,738 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 23.3 132.6 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.8 50.5 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 65 Cuba Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 11.1 11.2 949 Labor force (millions) 4.8 5.1 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.4 1.8 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.2 3.4 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.4 .. 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 47.5 .. 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 38.7 .. 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 46.1 .. 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.0 .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.7 .. 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 600 60 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 10.4 .. 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 44.6 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 49.0 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,142 1,309 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.1 3.0 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 12.9 30.6 66 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Cyprus High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.79 0.86 1,069 Labor force (millions) 0.36 0.44 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.8 3.7 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 13,440 26,940 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.9 3.5 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.6 2.1 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.1 19.6 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.9 7.6 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 77.3 78.3 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.1 4.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55.4 47.1 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.5 58.5 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 40 Time to start a business (days) .. 8 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 64.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 28.8 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 28 10 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 9.7 10.5 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.2 15.5 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.0 23.3 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­5.5 0.8 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 91.4 162.0 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 170.3 204.8 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 153.3 190.7 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 211.8 257.3 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 4.0 3.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 1.5 3.3 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 60.6 64.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,045 5,441 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 27.8 117.9 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 15.3 38.8 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 67 Czech Republic High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.3 10.4 1,069 Labor force (millions) 5.1 5.2 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.8 4.4 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,800 16,650 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 1.0 4.6 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.9 2.5 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 38.1 37.6 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 26.8 24.7 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.0 59.9 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.9 6.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 38.6 17.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 63.4 77.1 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 66.4 72.5 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 74 Time to start a business (days) .. 15 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 22.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 6.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 47.2 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 31 21 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. 6.7 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 2.3 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 1.7 10.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 35.9 0.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 20.4 33.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 0.0 50.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 16.5 43.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.8 5.0 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.0 23.9 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­3.6 ­1.5 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 13.7 26.6 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 53.9 55.7 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 54.2 60.5 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.4 5.7 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 29.3 3.3 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 49.0 52.8 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 5.6 4.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.7 4.6 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,694 6,496 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 42.3 132.2 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 9.7 57.8 69.1 68 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Denmark High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.3 5.5 1,069 Labor force (millions) 2.9 3.0 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.5 3.3 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 31,840 58,800 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 2.8 1.6 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.6 1.3 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.8 26.1 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.2 15.0 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.6 72.6 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.9 3.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.1 5.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.6 54.7 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.5 52.5 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 6 Time to start a business (days) .. 6 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.1 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 29.2 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 32 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 13.8 14.4 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 4.3 8.0 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 22.5 0.9 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.2 21.5 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.7 4.8 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 50.1 24.1 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 91.8 219.2 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 48.1 67.8 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.2 5.7 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.7 0.3 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 135.3 218.0 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 4.9 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.9 .. 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,484 6,670 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 63.0 124.9 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 39.2 83.3 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 69 Djibouti Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.73 0.85 3,703 Labor force (millions) 0.30 0.38 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 760 1,130 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) ­0.2 3.5 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.5 3.9 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.4 16.9 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.6 2.5 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 81.1 79.3 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 177.7 177.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.1 59.2 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50.4 80.0 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 163 Time to start a business (days) .. 37 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 56.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 38.7 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 50 300 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.6 28.9 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 8.8 38.9 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 6.1 26.2 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 32.1 27.8 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 9.5 8.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.6 8.1 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 45.0 .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 13.3 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 2.3 13.9 70 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Dominica Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.07 0.07 949 Labor force (millions) .. .. 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.0 .. 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,200 4,750 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 2.2 2.6 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 18.1 17.2 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.5 23.6 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.8 4.8 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.4 59.3 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.9 5.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.3 40.2 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 67.5 69.5 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 83 Time to start a business (days) .. 14 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 58.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 37.0 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 19 5 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.5 14.6 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.1 32.7 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.1 6.9 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 76.6 69.1 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 69.8 91.5 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 62.0 62.8 44.6 Real interest rate (%) 11.0 8.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.8 5.9 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 50.4 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.7 136.6 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 8.4 37.6 30.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 71 Dominican Republic Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.8 10.0 949 Labor force (millions) 3.7 4.4 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 14.2 15.6 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,550 4,330 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 7.0 5.4 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.2 6.5 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.9 33.3 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 26.1 24.0 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 56.8 60.1 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.7 10.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 16.4 34.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.0 25.9 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.9 39.1 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 86 Time to start a business (days) .. 19 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 88.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.5 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 39.0 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 25 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 8.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 17.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 12.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 30.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 9.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 1,076 33 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.0 6.3 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.5 18.2 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. 0.3 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 16.7 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 28.0 20.9 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 22.8 18.8 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.4 9.7 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.6 3.5 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 36.8 20.9 44.6 Real interest rate (%) 18.6 9.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 9.1 9.6 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 49.4 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 709 1,378 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 8.0 72.4 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.7 21.6 30.6 72 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Ecuador Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 12.3 13.5 3,703 Labor force (millions) 4.8 5.7 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.0 6.9 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,340 3,690 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 0.7 5.0 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. 6.7 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. 40.6 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. 9.7 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) .. 52.7 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 96.1 8.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 11,786.8 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.1 37.8 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.0 37.7 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 138 Time to start a business (days) .. 64 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 135.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.3 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 34.9 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 25 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.4 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 17.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 11.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 24.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 23.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 18.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 20 1,062 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.5 1.8 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.5 23.8 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.6 10.8 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.9 8.8 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 31.0 2.5 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 32.6 26.1 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 26.0 4.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.3 7.1 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 18.9 14.8 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 654 788 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 3.9 85.6 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.5 28.8 13.9 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 73 Egypt, Arab Rep. Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 70.2 81.5 3,703 Labor force (millions) 21.7 26.3 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.0 8.7 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,390 1,800 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 5.2 4.7 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 16.7 13.2 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.1 37.5 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.4 15.7 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.1 49.2 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.7 18.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.5 5.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.2 33.2 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.8 38.8 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 106 Time to start a business (days) .. 7 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 132.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.2 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 43.0 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 20 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. 2.6 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.2 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 8.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 5.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 5.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 92.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 21.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 864 2,054 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.2 5.9 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 22.4 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 9.1 14.5 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­6.7 ­6.4 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 37.4 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 74.3 68.8 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 63.9 81.3 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.6 5.3 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 13.6 14.8 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 58.7 42.9 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 7.9 0.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.8 5.7 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 78.1 81.0 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 958 1,384 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.9 50.6 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.6 16.6 13.9 74 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean El Salvador Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.9 6.1 3,703 Labor force (millions) 2.3 2.5 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.0 6.6 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,110 3,460 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.3 2.9 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.5 13.2 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.6 28.5 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 24.7 21.8 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.9 58.4 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.3 6.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.8 8.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.4 27.7 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.4 49.8 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 84 Time to start a business (days) .. 17 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 86.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 35.0 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.5 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 9.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 2.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 17.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 22.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 11.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 277 239 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.3 3.5 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.9 15.0 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.2 12.8 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­4.7 0.3 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 55.3 39.4 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 5.2 5.0 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 4.8 4.3 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.8 12.7 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 4.3 2.8 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 45.2 41.3 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 10.5 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.6 .. 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 19.8 .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 680 939 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.5 113.3 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.2 10.6 13.9 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 75 Equatorial Guinea High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.53 0.66 1,069 Labor force (millions) 0.19 0.25 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,250 14,980 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 36.0 18.9 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.8 2.0 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 85.9 95.7 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 1.4 12.4 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 4.2 2.3 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.8 6.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 447.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 98.6 78.3 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 85.4 32.1 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 170 Time to start a business (days) .. 136 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 20 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 133.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 59.5 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 61.3 28.2 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 56.2 11.4 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 2.9 2.6 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 3.2 5.9 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 3.0 4.4 155.9 Real interest rate (%) ­16.8 16.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.0 10.8 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.9 52.5 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 1.8 69.1 76 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa EritreaLow income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.7 4.9 976 Labor force (millions) 1.4 2.1 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 170 300 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 1.5 1.3 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.1 24.3 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.0 19.2 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.2 5.5 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 61.9 56.5 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 9.6 15.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.1 6.3 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 81.8 34.5 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 175 Time to start a business (days) .. 84 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 69.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 84.5 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 0.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 11.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 0.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 15.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 40 .. 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.4 2.2 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.8 10.6 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 5.0 1.2 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 32.5 18.4 36.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 21.8 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 3.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 2.2 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 4.1 4.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 77 Estonia High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.4 1.3 1,069 Labor force (millions) 0.66 0.70 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.8 5.5 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,220 14,570 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 6.5 7.4 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.8 2.9 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.5 29.1 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.7 16.7 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 67.6 68.0 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.0 10.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 17.0 10.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 84.6 75.6 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 88.2 79.8 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 24 Time to start a business (days) .. 7 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 35.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 49.1 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 21 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 2.4 5.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 18.5 13.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 24.2 41.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 3.5 207.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 7.5 21.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.8 8.3 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.7 29.3 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 22.9 31.0 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.2 3.1 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 6.9 4.1 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 33.4 85.1 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 24.7 43.5 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.6 9.3 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.0 1.9 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 36.1 97.4 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 2.8 1.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.7 2.8 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 20.1 28.8 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,629 6,273 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 40.7 188.3 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 28.6 66.2 69.1 78 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Ethiopia Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 65.5 80.7 976 Labor force (millions) 29.0 38.2 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.2 17.0 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 130 280 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.5 8.2 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 49.9 44.5 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 12.4 13.2 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.5 4.8 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 37.8 42.4 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.7 44.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.2 9.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 12.0 11.5 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.0 31.2 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 107 Time to start a business (days) .. 9 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 40.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 31.1 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 2.1 3.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 4.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 31.0 11.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 44.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 2.3 4.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.6 0.4 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.3 20.1 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.1 5.9 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­7.6 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 35.9 28.8 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 35.6 37.3 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.1 18.0 36.5 Real interest rate (%) 3.8 ­15.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.9 3.4 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 12.0 12.8 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 23 40 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 5.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 2.4 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 0.4 4.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 79 Faeroe Islands High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.05 0.05 1,069 Labor force (millions) .. .. 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 3.2 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) .. .. 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.1 5.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 155.9 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 69.1 80 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Fiji Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.80 0.84 949 Labor force (millions) 0.31 0.34 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 8.1 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,260 4,010 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 2.2 1.4 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 17.1 15.1 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.3 24.9 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.0 15.4 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.6 60.0 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.1 7.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.1 1.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65.2 55.7 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 70.3 73.4 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 54 Time to start a business (days) .. 46 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 22.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.8 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 41.2 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 31 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 3 90 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) ­0.1 8.9 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.4 16.0 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.2 13.0 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­2.9 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 36.4 41.0 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 36.7 40.2 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 32.0 48.2 44.6 Real interest rate (%) 13.7 2.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.5 8.1 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 49.2 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.9 71.1 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.5 12.2 30.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 81 Finland High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.2 5.3 1,069 Labor force (millions) 2.7 2.7 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.7 6.4 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 25,470 47,600 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.9 3.0 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.5 2.7 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.7 32.4 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 26.2 23.6 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.8 64.9 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.4 4.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.5 44.2 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.9 40.3 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 16 Time to start a business (days) .. 14 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 3 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 0.9 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 47.7 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 29 26 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 7.4 8.7 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 2.3 3.0 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.5 ­2.8 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.4 20.6 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 6.7 5.5 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 55.1 37.3 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 55.8 .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 22.1 .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.3 7.4 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.6 0.4 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 53.1 85.8 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 3.0 3.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.0 2.7 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 62.0 65.4 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 15,286 17,162 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 72.0 128.5 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 37.2 82.5 69.1 82 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development FranceHigh income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 58.9 62.3 1,069 Labor force (millions)a 26.4 28.6 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.2 7.4 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 24,450 42,000 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 2.9 1.8 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.8 2.0 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.9 20.4 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.0 11.9 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 74.3 77.6 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.7 2.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.6 26.4 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.7 28.9 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 31 Time to start a business (days) .. 7 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 32.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.9 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 65.8 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 37 33 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.9 10.8 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 2.3 3.3 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.2 3.5 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.5 21.9 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­1.7 ­2.3 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 60.7 66.6 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.7 4.2 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.0 2.8 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 85.0 107.8 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 5.2 4.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.1 4.4 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,485 7,772 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 49.3 93.1 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 14.4 67.9 69.1 a. Excludes the French overseas departments of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Réunion. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 83 French Polynesia High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.24 0.27 1,069 Labor force (millions) 0.10 0.11 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.7 11.7 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 16,080 .. 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.5 .. 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.7 .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 129.5 87.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 4.9 .. 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.2 .. 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 155.9 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 69.1 84 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Gabon Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.2 1.4 949 Labor force (millions) 0.54 0.69 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,080 7,320 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 0.3 2.2 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.2 4.1 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 56.3 64.3 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.7 3.5 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 37.5 31.7 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.5 5.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 447.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.0 66.6 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.7 32.0 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 158 Time to start a business (days) .. 58 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 43.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 44.7 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 2.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 22.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 6.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 34.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 18.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 12 60 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) ­0.8 0.1 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.9 24.4 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.0 19.8 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 12.1 9.6 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 10.4 12.9 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 10.7 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 6.6 8.5 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.7 8.5 44.6 Real interest rate (%) ­4.8 9.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.0 10.8 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 9.9 10.2 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 876 1,066 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 9.7 89.8 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.2 6.2 30.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 85 Gambia, The Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.3 1.7 976 Labor force (millions) 0.58 0.74 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 330 400 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.6 5.1 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 35.8 28.5 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.1 15.1 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.4 4.9 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.1 56.4 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.8 4.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 12.8 22.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.0 30.0 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 56.8 48.9 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 140 Time to start a business (days) .. 27 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 292.4 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 7.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 13.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 7.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 63.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 22.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 7 35 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 10.3 8.9 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.4 24.8 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.8 13.9 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 30.8 41.7 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 29.5 60.1 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 12.5 17.6 36.5 Real interest rate (%) 19.6 21.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.5 15.0 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 35.4 19.3 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 23.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.4 70.2 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.9 6.9 4.6 86 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Georgia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.7 4.3 3,703 Labor force (millions) 2.4 2.3 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.8 13.3 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 700 2,500 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 5.6 8.1 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 21.9 10.0 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.4 21.2 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.0 12.0 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.7 68.8 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.1 10.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.0 1.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.0 28.7 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.7 58.3 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 11 Time to start a business (days) .. 3 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 3 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.3 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 15.3 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.2 8.8 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.7 1.7 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 11.0 2.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 81.2 8.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 25.9 38.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 1.9 11.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 16.8 16.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 49 476 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.3 12.2 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.4 22.5 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 24.5 14.5 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­1.6 ­1.9 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 69.9 27.0 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 6.5 22.4 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 4.2 13.8 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 30.5 17.1 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.6 4.1 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.7 33.3 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 26.8 10.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 22.6 10.9 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 93.4 38.6 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,353 1,620 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 3.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.1 64.0 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 23.8 13.9 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 87 Germany High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 82.2 82.1 1,069 Labor force (millions) 40.4 42.4 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.9 7.5 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 25,500 42,710 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 2.0 1.2 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.3 0.9 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.3 30.2 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.9 23.9 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.5 69.0 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.5 2.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.4 47.2 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.0 41.0 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 25 Time to start a business (days) .. 18 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 69.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.2 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 44.9 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 52 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 18.4 11.9 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.5 1.2 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 1.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 14.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 45.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 3.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 11.1 0.6 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.5 19.2 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.4 ­0.4 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 37.8 40.8 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 144.5 .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 63.1 .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.2 4.5 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 4.7 2.7 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 118.6 107.8 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 10.4 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.2 .. 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,636 7,184 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 58.6 128.5 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 30.2 75.5 69.1 88 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Ghana Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 19.5 23.4 976 Labor force (millions) 8.6 10.6 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.4 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 330 630 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.4 5.6 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 35.3 33.5 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.4 25.3 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.0 6.3 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.3 41.2 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 25.2 16.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.5 1.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.8 42.5 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 67.2 75.5 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 92 Time to start a business (days) .. 33 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 178.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.9 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 32.7 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 33 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 5.9 6.2 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.5 0.5 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 4.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 18.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 16.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 24.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 6.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 10 1,434 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.3 12.7 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.1 35.9 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.7 20.3 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­6.5 ­7.7 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.8 12.8 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.9 7.7 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 14.0 17.8 36.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 29.6 14.9 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 331 259 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 9.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.7 49.6 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 4.3 4.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 89 Greece High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.9 11.2 1,069 Labor force (millions) 4.9 5.2 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.2 7.7 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 12,560 28,400 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.5 4.2 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.6 3.3 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.0 19.7 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.1 10.3 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 72.5 77.0 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.2 4.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.9 23.1 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.4 31.9 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 109 Time to start a business (days) .. 19 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 15 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 24.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 47.4 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 40 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 5.7 5.4 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.7 0.8 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 1.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 55.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 25.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 7.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 11.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.9 1.5 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.6 19.3 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­3.7 ­3.7 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 123.5 114.1 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 71.0 .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 49.0 .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.9 4.5 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 12.3 5.0 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 47.0 93.5 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 8.6 3.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.2 4.3 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 91.8 .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,539 5,628 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 54.3 122.8 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 9.2 43.1 69.1 90 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Greenland High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.06 0.06 1,069 Labor force (millions) .. .. 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.0 8.4 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 20,290 29,740 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.8 1.2 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.1 5.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 155.9 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 26.9 99.1 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 31.7 63.9 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 91 Grenada Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.10 0.10 949 Labor force (millions) .. .. 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 15.2 .. 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,870 5,880 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 7.4 2.3 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.3 5.9 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.2 21.1 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.5 4.7 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.5 73.0 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.1 8.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.9 28.9 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 72.2 70.3 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 91 Time to start a business (days) .. 20 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 29.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 45.3 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 7 11 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.7 25.3 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 41.8 29.8 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 35.0 22.3 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 79.8 89.7 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 82.2 99.4 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 75.7 90.7 44.6 Real interest rate (%) 11.1 6.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.4 6.3 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 61.0 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.2 58.0 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.1 23.2 30.6 92 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Guam High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.16 0.18 1,069 Labor force (millions) 0.07 0.08 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.5 .. 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) .. .. 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 155.9 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 17.5 59.1 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 16.1 48.4 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 93 Guatemala Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 11.2 13.7 3,703 Labor force (millions) 4.0 5.3 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.4 1.8 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,730 2,680 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.1 3.9 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.1 11.6 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.1 30.0 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.3 20.3 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.8 58.3 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.0 12.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 7.8 7.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.2 24.7 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.0 39.6 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 110 Time to start a business (days) .. 29 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 101.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 40.9 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 25 31 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.6 0.6 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 9.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 3.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 12.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 35.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 8.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 147 532 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.2 2.1 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.1 17.7 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.7 14.2 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­1.8 ­1.6 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 17.0 20.1 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 21.5 36.7 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 16.3 38.0 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.9 10.3 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 7.9 2.4 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 19.8 27.2 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 13.2 4.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.7 8.3 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 34.5 .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 343 558 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 3.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.6 109.2 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.7 14.3 13.9 94 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa GuineaLow income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.4 9.8 976 Labor force (millions) 4.0 4.7 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 360 350 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.4 3.2 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 20.3 24.8 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.5 46.4 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.0 4.5 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 47.2 28.8 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. 18.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,746.9 5,500.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.6 33.2 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.9 38.4 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 173 Time to start a business (days) .. 41 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.8 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 49.9 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 2.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 57.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 0.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 16.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 5.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 6 89 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 10.1 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 15.5 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.0 12.0 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.4 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 3.8 5.7 36.5 Real interest rate (%) 7.4 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.9 .. 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 16.5 9.8 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 33.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.5 39.1 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 0.9 4.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 95 Guinea-Bissau Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.3 1.6 976 Labor force (millions) 0.54 0.65 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 170 250 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) ­2.7 0.6 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 56.4 55.5 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.0 12.9 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.5 10.2 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 30.6 31.6 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8.6 10.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 447.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.8 29.8 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.6 49.8 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 181 Time to start a business (days) .. 213 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 16 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 87.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 45.9 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 2.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 22.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 0.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 20.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 8.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 3 29 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 3.5 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.3 23.9 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 1.3 10.6 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 7.6 7.6 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 12.7 10.7 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 7.9 9.1 36.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 27.9 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 9.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 31.7 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 2.4 4.6 96 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Guyana Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.76 0.76 3,703 Labor force (millions) 0.32 0.34 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.1 .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 870 1,450 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 2.5 1.9 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 31.1 28.1 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.0 21.7 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.2 3.4 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.9 50.2 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.1 8.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 182.4 203.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 96.1 68.3 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 110.7 102.4 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 101 Time to start a business (days) .. 34 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 56.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 38.9 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 2.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 5.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 32.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 93.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 17.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 11 26 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.4 14.5 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.8 39.7 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.0 22.0 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 66.3 69.2 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 62.6 82.8 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 57.1 57.0 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 10.0 8.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.6 12.2 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 7.4 .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.3 36.8 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.6 26.9 13.9 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 97 Haiti Latin America & Caribbean Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.6 9.9 976 Labor force (millions) 3.5 4.4 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 2.5 0.5 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 13.7 15.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 21.2 39.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 12.7 11.1 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.4 36.8 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 151 Time to start a business (days) .. 195 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.7 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 40.1 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 3.8 3.0 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 101 176 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.4 0.4 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 15.6 15.1 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 27.2 30.1 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 15.5 12.1 36.5 Real interest rate (%) 7.3 ­2.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) ­24.7 15.7 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 24.3 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 35 30 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.6 32.4 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 10.1 4.6 98 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Honduras Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.2 7.3 3,703 Labor force (millions) 2.4 2.8 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.9 3.1 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 930 1,740 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 2.8 5.3 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.9 13.6 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.5 31.0 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.7 21.7 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.7 55.4 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 11.0 11.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 14.8 18.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.0 48.6 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 66.4 81.6 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 141 Time to start a business (days) .. 14 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 95.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.8 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 48.3 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 25 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 4.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 6.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 8.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 27.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 16.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 127 334 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.0 6.6 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 32.2 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.3 28.0 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­0.2 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 32.8 47.4 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 32.6 45.8 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.8 .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 10.6 .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 34.1 51.4 82.6 Real interest rate (%) ­3.1 7.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.9 8.4 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 20.4 .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 515 692 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.5 84.9 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.2 13.1 13.9 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 99 Hong Kong SAR, China High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.7 7.0 1,069 Labor force (millions) 3.4 3.7 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.9 3.5 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 26,570 31,420 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 1.8 5.2 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.1 0.1 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.4 7.7 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.4 2.5 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 86.5 92.2 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­3.8 4.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 7.8 7.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 143.3 212.5 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 138.8 201.6 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 3 Time to start a business (days) .. 6 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 3 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 10.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.1 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 24.2 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 16 17 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 10.5 15.4 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 7.9 15.7 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 36.6 29.3 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.4 19.7 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 164.2 153.2 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 210.1 289.9 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.0 12.0 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 7.3 0.9 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 152.6 142.8 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 13.6 3.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.7 4.6 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,447 5,899 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 81.7 166.0 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 27.8 67.0 69.1 100 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Hungary High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.2 10.0 1,069 Labor force (millions) 4.2 4.3 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.6 7.8 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,660 12,810 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.2 3.6 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.4 4.3 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.2 29.4 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.5 21.7 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.4 66.2 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.8 6.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 282.2 172.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 72.2 81.4 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 75.8 80.2 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 47 Time to start a business (days) .. 4 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 35.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 57.5 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 18 16 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 9.4 10.3 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 2.5 4.1 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 5.2 13.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 27.4 0.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 21.6 48.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 9.6 48.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 32.6 39.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 1,168 2,645 .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.8 40.6 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 20.1 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.7 ­3.9 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 61.0 73.8 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 35.8 70.5 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 35.5 44.6 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.3 8.0 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.0 3.0 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 31.4 69.6 155.9 Real interest rate (%) ­0.3 6.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.1 0.3 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 43.7 37.7 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,309 3,977 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 30.1 121.8 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 7.0 58.5 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 101 Iceland High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.28 0.32 1,069 Labor force (millions) 0.17 0.20 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.3 3.0 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 30,820 40,450 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 5.0 4.5 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.6 5.8 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.0 23.6 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.9 10.0 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.4 70.6 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5.1 12.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 78.6 87.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.6 44.7 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.9 47.6 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 14 Time to start a business (days) .. 5 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 13.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 25.0 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 15 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 14.2 12.5 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 11.4 18.2 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.8 4.2 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.9 23.9 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.7 ­12.8 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 60.5 83.8 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 83.1 150.2 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 40.6 60.0 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.2 6.9 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.5 0.8 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 97.1 319.6 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 12.7 13.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.2 7.2 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 29.5 36.6 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 26,221 36,853 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 76.5 108.0 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 44.5 90.0 69.1 102 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development South Asia India Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,015.9 1,140.0 3,703 Labor force (millions) 385.4 449.9 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.3 5.0 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 450 1,040 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 5.9 7.9 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 23.4 17.5 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.2 28.8 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.6 15.8 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.5 53.7 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.0 8.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 44.9 43.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 13.2 22.7 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.2 28.0 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 133 Time to start a business (days) .. 30 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 56.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 7.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 64.7 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 39 34 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 3.7 2.7 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 12.9 6.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 52.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 46.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 29.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 0.0 22.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 2,665 27,912 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.8 3.6 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.7 34.8 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.3 25.7 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­3.9 ­1.6 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 56.0 57.6 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 41.1 64.9 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 42.6 61.4 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.7 6.4 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 12.8 2.3 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 28.8 51.4 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 8.5 6.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 47.5 .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 402 542 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.4 30.4 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 4.5 13.9 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 103 Indonesia East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 205.3 227.3 3,703 Labor force (millions) 97.0 112.8 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.1 8.4 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 580 1,880 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) ­0.6 5.2 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.6 14.4 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 45.9 48.1 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 27.7 27.9 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 38.5 37.5 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.7 10.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8,421.8 9,699.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.0 29.8 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.5 28.6 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 122 Time to start a business (days) .. 60 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 108.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.5 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 37.6 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 4.6 7.0 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.1 0.1 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 4.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 14.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 34.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 23.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 22.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 642 5,739 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) ­2.8 1.8 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.9 27.6 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.5 ­1.1 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 45.2 28.8 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 43.7 30.9 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 44.7 32.3 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.0 9.2 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 34.4 3.2 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 19.9 26.5 82.6 Real interest rate (%) ­1.7 ­3.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 5.1 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 57.1 55.4 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 402 566 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.8 61.8 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.9 7.9 13.9 104 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Middle East & North Africa Iran, Islamic Rep. Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 63.9 72.0 3,703 Labor force (millions) 22.4 27.8 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.8 10.5 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,670 3,540 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.7 5.9 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 13.7 10.2 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.7 44.5 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.2 10.6 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.5 45.3 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 14.5 25.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,766.1 9,428.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.7 32.2 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 17.4 21.5 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 137 Time to start a business (days) .. 9 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 87.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.5 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 44.2 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 54 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 5 802 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 0.6 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.4 25.8 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.6 16.7 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.8 7.9 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 18.3 33.1 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 31.4 38.5 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 28.3 49.2 82.6 Real interest rate (%) .. ­7.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. 0.4 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 64.8 72.8 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,586 2,325 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.5 59.8 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.0 32.0 13.9 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 105 Iraq Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 25.1 30.7 3,703 Labor force (millions) 6.0 7.5 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 10.5 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 17.9 ­11.4 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.4 8.6 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 84.4 70.1 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 0.9 1.7 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 10.3 21.3 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.3 1,193.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 153 Time to start a business (days) .. 77 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 28.4 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 284 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 82.6 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. 8.4 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 84.3 .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,161 1,080 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 57.1 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 1.0 13.9 106 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Ireland High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.8 4.4 1,069 Labor force (millions) 1.8 2.2 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.3 6.0 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 23,170 49,770 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 9.7 5.0 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.5 1.7 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 41.3 33.9 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 32.4 22.2 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.2 64.4 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5.6 4.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 98.1 79.4 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 84.6 68.7 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 7 Time to start a business (days) .. 13 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 18.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 0.4 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 26.5 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 24 13 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 13.2 10.3 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 7.2 6.7 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 2.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 11.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 37.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 28.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 17.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 26.4 ­7.4 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.1 26.3 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 4.9 0.4 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 40.1 27.2 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 88.6 .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 68.7 .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.5 4.7 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.0 2.6 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 105.5 217.0 155.9 Real interest rate (%) ­1.2 0.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.7 2.6 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,796 6,263 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 64.7 121.0 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 17.8 62.7 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 107 Isle of Man High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.08 0.08 1,069 Labor force (millions) .. .. 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.6 2.4 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 21,980 49,310 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 10.4 6.2 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.7 0.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 155.9 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 69.1 108 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Israel High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.3 7.3 1,069 Labor force (millions) 2.5 3.1 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.8 6.2 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 17,840 24,720 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.6 3.5 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.1 4.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 4.1 3.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.1 40.0 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.4 41.6 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 29 Time to start a business (days) .. 34 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 91.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 32.6 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 36 27 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. 11.5 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 4.4 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.7 4.8 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.4 18.5 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­1.9 ­1.9 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 83.6 97.1 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 76.2 88.9 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.3 5.7 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 6.9 1.5 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 76.9 90.1 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 11.1 4.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.2 2.8 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,323 7,002 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 70.0 122.9 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 20.2 47.9 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 109 Italy High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 56.9 59.8 1,069 Labor force (millions) 23.2 25.2 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.8 6.7 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 20,890 35,460 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 1.8 1.0 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.8 2.0 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.4 27.0 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.0 18.2 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.8 71.0 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.5 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.1 28.8 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.1 29.3 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 78 Time to start a business (days) .. 10 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 11.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.8 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 68.4 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 41 31 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 13.8 12.1 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.5 2.0 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.2 0.7 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.3 20.9 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­0.7 ­2.5 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 119.4 106.3 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 74.8 .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 42.2 .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.0 6.6 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 7.8 4.9 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 76.0 105.1 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 5.0 3.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.2 4.9 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,299 5,713 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 74.2 151.0 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 23.2 41.8 69.1 110 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Jamaica Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.6 2.7 949 Labor force (millions) 1.2 1.2 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 15.5 10.6 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,310 4,800 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) ­0.5 1.8 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.0 5.3 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.5 25.3 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.6 8.8 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 67.4 69.3 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8.2 22.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 43.0 72.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.1 .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.9 .. 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 75 Time to start a business (days) .. 8 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 62.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.1 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 51.3 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 33 33 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 3.5 3.7 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.0 1.2 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 6.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 4.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 37.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 6.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 16.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 546 75 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.2 9.8 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.9 .. 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 23.9 .. 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­5.1 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. 112.9 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 36.0 41.4 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 32.8 38.7 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.2 .. 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.0 .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 25.7 28.3 44.6 Real interest rate (%) 11.5 ­3.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.7 9.3 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 70.1 73.3 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,321 2,542 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 14.2 101.3 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.1 57.3 30.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 111 Japan High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 126.9 127.7 1,069 Labor force (millions) 67.6 66.9 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.8 4.0 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 34,620 38,130 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 0.6 1.6 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.8 1.4 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.4 29.3 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.2 21.2 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.8 69.3 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­0.7 1.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 107.8 103.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 11.0 17.6 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 9.5 15.9 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 15 Time to start a business (days) .. 23 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 0.6 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 55.7 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 42 41 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 3.7 4.4 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.1 1.7 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.2 0.5 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.2 23.4 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 236.4 153.2 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 230.1 186.1 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.6 3.6 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.3 1.7 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 222.3 163.5 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 3.9 2.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.0 1.3 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 76.6 79.3 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,971 8,474 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 52.6 86.4 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 30.0 75.2 69.1 112 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Middle East & North Africa Jordan Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.8 5.9 3,703 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.9 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 15.8 12.7 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,790 3,470 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.2 7.2 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.3 2.9 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.5 34.1 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.7 20.5 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 72.1 63.0 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.7 14.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.7 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.8 58.2 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 68.5 90.6 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 100 Time to start a business (days) .. 13 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.3 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 31.1 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 25 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.2 0.6 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 6.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 0.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 8.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 47.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 15.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 584 194 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.6 9.3 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.1 25.6 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.9 19.1 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­1.1 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 115.1 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 86.4 110.6 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 85.7 106.2 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.0 10.4 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 18.4 4.2 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 77.8 83.8 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 12.2 ­5.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.8 3.6 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,377 1,956 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 8.1 90.0 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.7 27.0 13.9 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 113 Kazakhstan Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 14.9 15.7 949 Labor force (millions) 7.5 8.5 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.8 8.4 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,260 6,160 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 1.9 9.5 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.7 5.7 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 40.5 43.3 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.7 12.7 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.8 51.0 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 13.2 17.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 142.1 120.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 56.6 57.2 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.1 36.9 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 63 Time to start a business (days) .. 20 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 9.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.5 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 35.9 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. 9.0 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.3 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 7.6 4.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 57.1 25.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 17.4 31.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7.4 47.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.8 10.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 375 1,147 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.0 11.0 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.3 31.3 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.5 25.8 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.1 4.3 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 21.6 6.3 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 10.2 49.0 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 8.7 26.5 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.6 12.2 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. 5.1 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 11.2 49.6 44.6 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 86.5 90.3 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,170 4,448 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.3 95.1 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.7 10.9 30.6 114 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Kenya Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 31.4 38.8 976 Labor force (millions) 14.3 18.2 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.8 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 420 730 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 2.2 4.5 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 32.4 27.0 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.9 18.8 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.6 12.1 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.7 54.2 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 10.0 26.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 76.2 69.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.6 27.3 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.7 41.4 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 95 Time to start a business (days) .. 34 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 12 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 47.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.5 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 49.7 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 4.7 5.9 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.3 0.4 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 5.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 32.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 22.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 40.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 9.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 130 1,390 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.9 0.3 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.7 19.4 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 7.5 15.8 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.0 ­4.1 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 52.6 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 33.7 35.2 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 31.8 34.5 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.9 11.4 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 33.3 9.0 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 28.4 30.0 36.5 Real interest rate (%) 15.3 0.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 14.2 8.7 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 12.1 14.1 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 109 151 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 6.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.4 42.1 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.3 8.7 4.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 115 Kiribati East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.08 0.10 3,703 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 0.8 6.1 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,330 2,040 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 6.0 2.4 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.5 27.5 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 11.8 7.9 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.0 5.8 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.7 64.7 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.7 1.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 7.0 9.7 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 47.8 78.7 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 79 Time to start a business (days) .. 21 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 31.8 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 82.6 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.4 1.0 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.8 2.1 13.9 116 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Korea, Dem. Rep. Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 22.9 23.8 976 Labor force (millions) 11.1 12.2 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) .. .. 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 400 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 36.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 6.4 2.8 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 715 764 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 0.0 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 0.0 4.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 117 Korea, Rep. High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 47.0 48.6 1,069 Labor force (millions) 22.7 24.4 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.4 3.2 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,910 21,530 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.5 4.5 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.6 2.5 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 38.1 37.1 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 28.3 28.1 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.3 60.3 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.3 4.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,131.0 1,102.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.6 52.9 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.7 54.1 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 19 Time to start a business (days) .. 14 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 91.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 31.9 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 31 28 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 0.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 21.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 39.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 3.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 17.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.7 0.2 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.0 29.3 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 4.4 4.3 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 9.6 .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 76.5 107.5 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 60.8 63.4 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.6 8.8 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 8.9 1.1 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 87.4 109.1 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 3.4 4.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 0.6 1.3 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 74.5 77.6 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,907 8,502 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 57.0 93.8 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 40.5 75.8 69.1 118 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Kosovo Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.7 1.8 3,703 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) .. .. 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. 12.0 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. 20.0 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. 16.2 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) .. 68.0 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. 9.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 14.2 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 56.9 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 113 Time to start a business (days) .. 52 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 30.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 28.3 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 9.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 7.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 25.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 76.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 7.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. 27.2 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 18.7 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. 3.7 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. 34.3 82.6 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 42.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 13.9 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 119 Kuwait High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.2 2.7 1,069 Labor force (millions) 1.1 1.4 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 0.8 1.7 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 16,790 43,930 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 1.8 8.4 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.4 0.5 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 59.2 51.0 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.6 2.3 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.5 48.5 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.5 10.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.3 0.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 56.5 66.4 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.1 25.6 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 61 Time to start a business (days) .. 35 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 78.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.2 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 15.5 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 55 15 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 0.0 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 10.7 18.9 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­9.4 23.4 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 77.5 60.7 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 64.6 52.0 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.5 11.6 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 19.2 3.1 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 48.7 66.4 155.9 Real interest rate (%) ­9.7 2.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.0 2.8 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 80.6 85.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 13,378 16,198 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 21.7 106.6 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.8 36.7 69.1 120 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Kyrgyz Republic Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.9 5.3 976 Labor force (millions) 2.1 2.5 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.5 8.3 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 280 780 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 5.4 4.4 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 36.7 29.8 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.4 19.7 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.5 13.0 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 31.9 50.6 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 18.7 24.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 47.7 36.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.8 56.5 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 47.6 93.6 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 41 Time to start a business (days) .. 11 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 3 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 59.4 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 1.2 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 5.2 4.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 80.3 39.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 5.9 17.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 5.2 25.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 14.3 16.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 5 75 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) ­0.2 4.6 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 22.7 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.5 18.6 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.9 0.0 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 114.5 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 4.2 12.2 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 4.9 10.2 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.2 15.1 36.5 Real interest rate (%) 19.5 ­1.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 33.5 15.9 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 91.1 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,904 1,772 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 5.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 64.3 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.0 16.1 4.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 121 Lao PDR East Asia & Pacific Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.4 6.2 976 Labor force (millions) 2.5 3.0 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 1.4 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 280 760 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 6.1 6.9 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 52.5 34.7 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.9 28.2 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.0 9.3 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 24.6 37.1 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 25.1 7.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 7,887.6 8,744.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.0 32.7 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.1 44.4 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 167 Time to start a business (days) .. 100 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 162.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 33.7 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 1.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 26.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 0.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 58.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 7.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 5 665 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.0 4.1 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.3 37.1 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.7 32.3 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­2.9 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 8.8 8.6 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.6 17.5 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.9 9.5 36.5 Real interest rate (%) 5.5 14.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 20.0 23.5 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 44.5 13.4 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 32.6 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 8.5 4.6 122 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Latvia Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.4 2.3 949 Labor force (millions) 1.1 1.2 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 13.9 7.5 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,220 11,860 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 5.7 8.2 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.6 3.1 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.6 22.7 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.7 10.6 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 71.8 74.2 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.6 15.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.6 0.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.6 41.8 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.7 54.9 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 27 Time to start a business (days) .. 16 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 33.0 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 25 15 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 4.1 7.6 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 6.0 9.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 38.2 4.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 30.8 37.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 5.2 93.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 13.0 18.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 229 145 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.3 4.0 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.2 30.2 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.5 30.2 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.2 ­2.6 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 12.0 22.8 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 20.8 120.5 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 16.3 44.5 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.5 7.3 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 4.6 3.6 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 19.2 90.2 44.6 Real interest rate (%) 7.4 ­2.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.5 5.5 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,078 3,064 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 0.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 16.9 98.6 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.3 60.4 30.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 123 Lebanon Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.8 4.2 949 Labor force (millions) 1.2 1.4 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.5 8.1 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,690 6,780 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 1.2 4.0 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.1 5.3 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.8 21.3 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.0 10.0 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.1 73.5 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,507.5 1,507.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.2 27.2 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.9 56.7 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 108 Time to start a business (days) .. 9 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 30.2 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.7 0.4 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 12.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 23.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 53.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 71.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 20.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 196 3 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.6 12.3 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.0 30.7 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.6 28.9 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­18.4 ­10.0 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.4 7.8 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 7.8 7.5 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 87.9 75.9 44.6 Real interest rate (%) 20.7 2.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 2.3 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 84.9 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,081 2,154 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 19.7 34.0 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 8.0 22.5 30.6 124 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Lesotho Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.9 2.0 3,703 Labor force (millions) 0.81 0.92 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 27.3 .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 570 1,060 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 2.5 3.9 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 11.7 7.2 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.4 34.8 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.2 16.0 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.9 58.0 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.1 10.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.9 8.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.6 47.3 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 98.5 110.8 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 130 Time to start a business (days) .. 40 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 44.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.6 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 18.5 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 5.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 9.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 32.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 13.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 24.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 3 9 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 15.0 13.4 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 40.4 28.3 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 31.7 17.5 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.7 5.7 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 73.1 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. 13.6 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. 25.8 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 7.9 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. 3.5 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 15.6 10.9 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 11.1 6.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.2 8.5 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 18.3 .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 6.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.1 28.3 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 3.6 13.9 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 125 Liberia Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.8 3.8 976 Labor force (millions) 1.1 1.5 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 5.6 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 140 170 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 38.9 ­1.1 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 72.0 61.3 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 11.6 16.8 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.5 12.7 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 16.4 21.9 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 41.0 63.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.5 31.1 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.0 172.6 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 149 Time to start a business (days) .. 20 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 84.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 43.7 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 7.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 54.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 10.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 2.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 22 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.7 17.1 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 4.9 16.4 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 2.0 4.3 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 3.1 12.5 36.5 Real interest rate (%) 22.1 3.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 14.3 11.3 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 6.2 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 5.4 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.1 19.3 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 0.5 4.6 126 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Middle East & North Africa Libya Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.3 6.3 949 Labor force (millions) 1.8 2.3 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,610 12,380 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) .. 5.6 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.2 1.9 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 66.1 78.2 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.1 4.5 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 28.7 19.9 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­2.9 10.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.5 1.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.6 67.4 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.5 27.5 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 40 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.4 4.4 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.1 27.9 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 2.0 5.9 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 32.1 .. 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 26.5 .. 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 27.3 6.8 44.6 Real interest rate (%) ­9.6 ­15.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.0 3.5 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 57.2 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,227 3,871 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.7 76.7 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 5.1 30.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 127 Liechtenstein High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.03 0.04 1,069 Labor force (millions) .. .. 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 79,640 97,990 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 7.4 1.6 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 155.9 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 30.4 95.4 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 36.5 66.0 69.1 128 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Lithuania Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.5 3.4 949 Labor force (millions) 1.7 1.6 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 15.9 5.8 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,190 11,870 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.3 7.7 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.3 4.4 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.8 32.8 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.3 19.0 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 63.9 62.8 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.0 10.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 4.0 2.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.7 59.2 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.0 70.6 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 26 Time to start a business (days) .. 26 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 30.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.5 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 42.7 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 15 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 6.8 9.8 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.3 2.7 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 6.2 9.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 31.4 3.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 15.4 47.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 5.3 63.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 14.9 15.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 388 326 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.3 3.7 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 24.4 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.4 22.0 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.8 ­3.1 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. 18.4 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 18.2 62.2 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 15.4 32.7 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.2 7.6 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.3 4.6 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 13.2 62.7 44.6 Real interest rate (%) 11.3 ­1.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.3 0.8 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 28.6 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,517 3,414 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 15.0 149.6 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.4 54.4 30.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 129 Luxembourg High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.44 0.49 1,069 Labor force (millions) 0.19 0.22 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.3 5.1 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 43,650 69,390 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 6.3 4.0 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.7 0.4 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 18.4 15.9 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.3 8.5 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 81.0 83.7 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.1 3.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 150.0 179.3 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 129.0 150.7 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 64 Time to start a business (days) .. 24 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 52.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 20.9 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 37 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 12.9 11.7 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 7.9 8.0 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 524.9 215.6 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.8 20.1 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 5.5 3.2 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 4.9 4.8 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.0 5.2 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.5 0.2 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 102.3 197.5 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 5.7 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.0 .. 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 15,485 16,315 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 69.5 144.7 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 22.9 79.2 69.1 130 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Macao SAR, China High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.44 0.53 1,069 Labor force (millions) 0.22 0.33 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.7 2.9 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 14,340 35,360 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) ­1.1 15.2 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.0 0.0 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.7 17.7 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.1 2.8 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 90.3 86.0 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­1.6 8.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.0 8.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 100.4 90.4 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.6 49.5 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 12 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.1 27.1 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.5 28.8 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.6 17.2 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 82.8 40.1 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 170.8 114.0 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 79.9 52.3 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 12.2 3.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.6 4.3 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 32.0 177.2 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 13.6 49.2 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 131 Macedonia, FYR Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.0 2.0 949 Labor force (millions) 0.83 0.90 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 32.2 33.8 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,840 4,130 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.0 3.2 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.0 10.9 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.7 34.0 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 20.7 21.7 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 54.2 55.1 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.6 7.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 65.9 41.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.6 52.6 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 63.5 78.6 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 32 Time to start a business (days) .. 4 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.9 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 16.4 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 15 10 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 9.3 14.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 36.8 8.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 10.0 47.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 11.2 27.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.1 21.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 429 342 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.9 6.3 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.2 23.9 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.5 19.3 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­0.8 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 23.1 6.8 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 17.8 43.8 44.6 Real interest rate (%) 9.9 2.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.7 3.8 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 63.8 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,929 3,780 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.8 122.6 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.5 41.5 30.6 132 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Madagascar Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 15.3 19.1 976 Labor force (millions) 7.3 9.4 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.8 2.6 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 250 420 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.9 3.8 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 29.2 25.2 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 14.2 17.3 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.2 15.3 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 56.6 57.5 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 11.9 9.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,353.5 1,708.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.7 26.7 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.0 52.0 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 134 Time to start a business (days) .. 7 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 2 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 30.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 39.2 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.5 6.4 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.1 0.1 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 17.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 6.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 12.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 92.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 8.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 10 102 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.1 15.6 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.0 35.6 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.3 25.9 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.0 ­2.7 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 111.9 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 10.1 11.3 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.0 14.8 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.1 .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 8.6 .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.8 11.1 36.5 Real interest rate (%) 18.0 32.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.5 33.5 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 11.6 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 13.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.4 25.3 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 1.7 4.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 133 Malawi Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 11.8 14.8 976 Labor force (millions) 5.0 6.1 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 7.8 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 150 280 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.8 4.2 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 39.5 34.3 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.9 20.6 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.9 14.2 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 42.5 45.1 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 29.6 8.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 59.5 140.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.6 22.6 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.3 25.5 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 132 Time to start a business (days) .. 39 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 84.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.6 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 25.8 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 38 .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 5.1 7.5 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.0 0.1 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 3.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 11.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 20.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 59.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 17.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 5 57 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.5 0.9 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.3 24.2 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 2.3 15.7 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 7.6 11.1 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 15.0 20.2 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.1 11.4 36.5 Real interest rate (%) 17.3 15.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 19.9 21.7 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 19.0 45.0 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.4 12.0 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 2.1 4.6 134 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Malaysia Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 23.3 27.0 949 Labor force (millions) 9.7 11.7 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.0 3.2 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,450 7,250 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.7 5.5 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.9 10.2 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 48.3 47.7 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 30.9 28.0 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.8 42.0 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.5 5.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.8 3.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 119.8 110.2 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 100.6 89.9 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 23 Time to start a business (days) .. 11 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 75.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.3 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 34.2 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 28 26 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 2.5 2.8 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 7.3 7.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 48.6 48.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 10.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 31.4 54.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 5,511 837 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.0 3.3 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.3 21.7 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.4 11.6 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­3.0 ­4.1 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 131.0 105.3 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 107.6 108.2 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.5 8.0 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 15.4 4.8 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 171.3 100.6 44.6 Real interest rate (%) ­1.1 ­3.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.3 3.0 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 76.2 79.8 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,743 3,667 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 0.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 22.0 102.6 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 21.4 55.8 30.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 135 Maldives South Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.27 0.31 3,703 Labor force (millions) 0.09 0.14 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.0 14.4 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,150 3,640 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 8.5 6.9 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. 6.2 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. 17.7 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. 6.6 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) .. 76.1 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. 12.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 11.8 12.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 89.5 83.5 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 71.6 110.1 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 87 Time to start a business (days) .. 9 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 9.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 6.7 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 9.1 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 2.7 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 2 40 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.1 1.2 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.3 53.5 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­5.0 ­13.7 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 40.9 53.8 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. 102.2 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. 62.0 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 19.1 100.6 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 11.7 ­0.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.1 6.5 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.8 142.8 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.2 23.5 13.9 136 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Mali Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.5 12.7 976 Labor force (millions) 3.0 3.7 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.3 8.8 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 250 580 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 5.5 5.2 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 41.6 36.5 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.6 24.2 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.8 3.1 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 37.9 39.1 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­0.7 9.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 447.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.8 27.3 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.4 37.1 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 156 Time to start a business (days) .. 15 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 31.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.6 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 52.1 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 2.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 31.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 7.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 48.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 8.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 366 67 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.4 1.5 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.6 23.3 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.9 14.6 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­3.4 ­5.6 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 15.8 17.3 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.1 17.2 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 16.6 17.1 36.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 12.1 18.0 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 4.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.1 27.1 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 1.6 4.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 137 Malta High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.39 0.41 1,069 Labor force (millions) 0.16 0.17 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.3 6.0 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,670 16,690 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.4 1.6 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.4 4.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.4 0.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 92.1 87.7 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 102.7 89.9 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 35 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 7.9 8.9 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 15.4 12.7 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.1 19.4 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­2.2 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 72.6 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 129.0 135.7 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 122.5 139.7 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 12.6 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. 1.6 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 106.9 118.5 155.9 Real interest rate (%) ­2.7 3.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.4 2.6 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 88.0 87.5 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,313 4,845 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 29.3 93.6 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 13.1 48.3 69.1 138 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Marshall Islands Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.05 0.06 3,703 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 30.9 .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,420 3,270 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) ­3.7 2.9 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.4 .. 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 18.6 .. 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.7 .. 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 72.1 .. 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 98 Time to start a business (days) .. 17 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 64.9 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 82.6 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.9 1.7 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.6 3.7 13.9 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 139 Mauritania Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.6 3.2 976 Labor force (millions) 1.0 1.4 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 20.6 33.0 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 460 840 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 2.3 5.1 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 27.6 12.5 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.7 46.7 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.0 5.0 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 42.6 40.7 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.3 7.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 238.9 258.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.2 57.7 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 74.2 64.9 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 166 Time to start a business (days) .. 19 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 31.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 8.0 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 86.1 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 5.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 48.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 3.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 7.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 5.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 43 40 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.7 3.6 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.4 25.9 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.8 21.3 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 22.0 27.5 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 9.5 11.2 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.1 27.0 36.5 Real interest rate (%) 23.9 26.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 16.2 15.5 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 11.3 26.8 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 3.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.6 65.1 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 1.9 4.6 140 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Mauritius Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.2 1.3 949 Labor force (millions) 0.53 0.57 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.8 7.3 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,870 6,700 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 5.5 3.7 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.0 4.4 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.0 29.1 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.5 20.0 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.1 66.5 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.2 9.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 26.2 28.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.4 53.0 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.9 67.7 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 17 Time to start a business (days) .. 6 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.7 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 22.9 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 15 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 9.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 0.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 37.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 18.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 11.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 338 41 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.8 4.1 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.9 24.6 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.5 20.4 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­1.1 0.6 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 32.7 36.1 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 68.4 102.2 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 70.4 92.2 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 57.5 87.7 44.6 Real interest rate (%) 18.3 12.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.2 11.4 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 97.0 98.0 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 3.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 15.2 81.4 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 7.3 22.2 30.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 141 Mayotte Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.16 0.19 949 Labor force (millions) .. .. 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) .. .. 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 44.6 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.7 28.0 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 30.6 142 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Mexico Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 98.0 106.4 949 Labor force (millions) 39.5 46.7 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.6 4.0 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,110 9,990 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 5.4 2.7 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.2 3.8 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.0 37.1 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 20.3 18.8 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 67.8 59.1 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.5 5.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 9.5 11.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.9 28.3 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.9 30.5 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 51 Time to start a business (days) .. 13 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 52.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.8 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 51.0 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 28 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. 7.1 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 4.7 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 20.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 9.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 2.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 8.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 20.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 5,277 5,504 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.1 2.1 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.4 22.1 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.8 16.6 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­1.2 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) 23.2 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 32.7 30.5 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 24.6 21.7 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.6 9.6 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.8 3.2 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 18.3 21.1 44.6 Real interest rate (%) 4.3 2.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.7 5.7 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 32.8 38.2 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,794 2,036 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.4 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 14.4 70.8 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 5.2 22.2 30.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 143 Micronesia, Fed. Sts. East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.11 0.11 3,703 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 22.0 .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,270 2,460 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) ­0.3 0.0 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 127 Time to start a business (days) .. 16 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.3 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 58.7 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 67.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 31.7 20.3 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 14.1 9.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.7 11.9 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 17.5 .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 30.8 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.7 14.5 13.9 144 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Moldova Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.1 3.6 3,703 Labor force (millions) 1.9 1.5 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.5 4.0 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 370 1,500 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) ­2.6 6.3 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 29.0 10.9 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.7 14.7 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.3 14.1 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.2 74.5 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 31.3 12.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 12.4 10.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.8 40.7 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 75.4 91.5 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 94 Time to start a business (days) .. 10 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 37.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.8 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 31.1 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.6 9.3 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.2 2.2 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 7.0 7.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 73.3 15.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 28.0 30.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 19.1 24.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 8.8 9.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 25 141 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.9 11.7 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.4 34.1 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.8 32.1 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­1.5 ­0.4 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 73.0 18.5 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 14.1 33.1 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 11.0 32.4 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 30.6 17.0 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 20.6 5.2 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 12.7 36.5 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 5.1 10.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.9 3.1 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 86.1 85.7 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 892 1,319 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 3.4 66.7 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.3 23.4 13.9 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 145 Monaco High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.03 0.03 1,069 Labor force (millions) .. .. 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.6 .. 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) .. .. 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 155.9 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 69.1 146 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Mongolia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.4 2.6 3,703 Labor force (millions) 1.1 1.4 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 17.5 2.8 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 410 1,670 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.0 7.8 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 32.7 21.1 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.3 39.8 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.6 4.5 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 47.0 39.2 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 11.6 25.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,076.7 1,165.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 56.4 57.2 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 70.9 71.5 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 60 Time to start a business (days) .. 13 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 9.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 22.8 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 12.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 20.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 26.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 20.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 16.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 11 2 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.9 13.0 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.1 35.7 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 22.0 32.3 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.2 ­3.5 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 81.9 46.9 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 11.9 34.5 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.7 38.2 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 7.2 43.6 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 8.6 ­1.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 20.2 9.4 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 3.5 .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,080 1,369 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.5 66.8 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.3 12.5 13.9 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 147 Montenegro Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.66 0.62 949 Labor force (millions) .. .. 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 30.3 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,840 6,660 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) ­1.6 5.1 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.5 8.8 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.4 17.8 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.2 7.0 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.1 73.4 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.8 40.3 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.1 74.7 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 71 Time to start a business (days) .. 13 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 12 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 28.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 28.9 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 9 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 6.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 3.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 75.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 30.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 13.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 10 23 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. 19.2 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.9 27.7 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.9 18.4 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 8.4 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. 7.2 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.1 80.4 44.6 Real interest rate (%) .. ­0.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. 5.4 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. 118.1 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) .. 47.2 30.6 148 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Middle East & North Africa Morocco Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 28.8 31.6 3,703 Labor force (millions) 10.2 11.8 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.5 9.6 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,310 2,520 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.4 5.0 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.9 14.6 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.1 30.3 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.5 14.0 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 56.0 55.0 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.9 3.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 10.6 7.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.0 36.7 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.4 50.2 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 128 Time to start a business (days) .. 12 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 85.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.8 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 41.7 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.4 1.1 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 11.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 10.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 12.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 18.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 17.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 2,135 1,043 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.6 2.8 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.0 33.1 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 21.3 28.4 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­3.1 2.9 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 56.5 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 63.6 73.2 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 56.4 78.5 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.8 7.3 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 17.5 6.0 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 51.0 77.4 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 14.0 10.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.2 7.9 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 56.4 62.0 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 483 707 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 8.1 72.2 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.7 33.0 13.9 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 149 Mozambique Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 18.2 22.4 976 Labor force (millions) 8.9 10.8 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.2 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 230 380 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 8.1 8.0 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 24.0 28.6 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.5 24.3 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.2 13.9 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.5 47.1 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 12.7 10.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 15.2 24.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 17.5 33.3 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.0 45.7 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 135 Time to start a business (days) .. 26 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 134.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.0 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 34.3 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 32 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 3.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 9.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 10.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 12.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 18.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 45 23 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.3 6.0 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 31.0 18.5 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 21.7 6.9 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 17.0 20.0 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 20.3 23.4 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.2 6.7 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 17.8 2.8 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 16.7 18.4 36.5 Real interest rate (%) 6.3 9.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 9.3 7.3 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 18.7 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 122 472 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 3.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.3 19.7 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 1.6 4.6 150 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Myanmar Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 46.6 49.6 976 Labor force (millions) 25.2 26.8 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 8.1 13.0 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 57.2 48.4 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 9.7 16.2 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.2 11.6 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 33.1 35.4 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­0.1 26.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.4 5.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 0.5 0.2 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 0.6 0.1 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 325 556 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.8 11.7 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­2.0 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 11.3 4.8 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.6 6.5 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 10.4 4.7 36.5 Real interest rate (%) 12.5 11.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.5 5.0 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 11.4 11.9 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 75 94 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 0.7 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 0.2 4.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 151 Namibia Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.8 2.1 949 Labor force (millions) 0.60 0.76 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 20.3 21.9 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,030 4,210 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.5 5.6 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 11.8 9.1 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.0 37.5 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.8 13.5 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.2 53.4 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. 10.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.9 8.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.9 42.0 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.5 61.4 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 66 Time to start a business (days) .. 66 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 24.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.5 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 9.6 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 35 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 2.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 2.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 8.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 9.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 17.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 10 9 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.0 6.1 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.6 23.4 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.1 18.3 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­1.6 2.0 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 46.5 56.3 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 35.2 38.8 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.7 8.0 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.4 3.1 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 39.8 45.6 44.6 Real interest rate (%) ­9.0 0.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.9 5.4 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 13.6 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,226 1,541 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.5 49.4 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.6 5.3 30.6 152 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development South Asia Nepal Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 24.4 28.8 976 Labor force (millions) 10.2 12.9 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.8 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 220 400 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.6 3.5 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 40.8 33.7 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.1 16.7 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.4 7.4 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 37.0 49.6 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.5 10.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 71.1 69.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.3 12.1 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.4 32.7 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 123 Time to start a business (days) .. 31 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 90.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.0 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 38.8 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 6.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 14.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 17.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 9.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 3.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 30 14 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 0.0 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.3 21.1 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.4 18.0 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­1.0 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 64.6 43.7 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 31.9 57.4 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 35.2 61.5 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 30.7 40.8 36.5 Real interest rate (%) 4.8 0.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.5 5.8 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 56.9 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 58 80 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 52.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 14.6 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 1.7 4.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 153 Netherlands High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 15.9 16.4 1,069 Labor force (millions) 8.1 8.9 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.0 2.8 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 26,580 49,340 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.1 1.9 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.6 1.7 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.9 25.5 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.6 13.7 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 72.4 72.9 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.3 2.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 70.1 76.9 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.5 68.8 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 30 Time to start a business (days) .. 10 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.1 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 39.3 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 26 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 9.4 11.3 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 8.1 10.5 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 16.4 ­0.3 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.9 20.5 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.0 0.3 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 52.1 43.4 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.1 3.2 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.8 0.8 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 134.2 193.2 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 0.6 1.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 1.9 0.2 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 90.0 .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,560 7,097 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 67.5 125.4 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 44.0 87.0 69.1 154 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Netherlands Antilles High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.18 0.20 1,069 Labor force (millions) 0.08 0.09 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 14.0 12.0 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) .. .. 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5.8 6.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.8 1.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 35 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 2.7 3.4 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 5.4 5.9 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 155.9 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.1 6.0 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,402 5,658 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 16.5 108.6 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.1 .. 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 155 New Caledonia High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.21 0.25 1,069 Labor force (millions) 0.09 0.10 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 16.3 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 14,020 .. 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 0.2 .. 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.7 .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.6 .. 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.0 .. 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 76.7 .. 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 129.5 87.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 13.1 .. 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.0 .. 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 155.9 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 23.4 79.6 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 14.1 34.5 69.1 156 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development New Zealand High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.9 4.3 1,069 Labor force (millions) 1.9 2.3 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.9 4.1 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 13,450 27,830 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 2.6 3.1 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.9 6.4 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.3 25.5 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.9 .. 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.8 68.0 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.6 4.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.2 1.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.5 29.0 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.8 29.8 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 2 Time to start a business (days) .. 1 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 1 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.3 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 32.8 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 33 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 14.2 15.7 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 14.0 27.0 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.5 4.2 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.4 23.3 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.7 3.2 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 33.8 38.9 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 111.6 150.4 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 5.8 8.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.9 4.7 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 62.8 65.4 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 9,076 9,622 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 40.0 108.2 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 47.5 71.4 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 157 Nicaragua Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.1 5.7 3,703 Labor force (millions) 1.9 2.3 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.8 5.2 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 730 1,080 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 5.0 3.5 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 20.9 19.4 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.2 29.6 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.0 18.9 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.9 51.1 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.1 19.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 12.7 19.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.9 33.2 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.1 67.2 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 117 Time to start a business (days) .. 39 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 22.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.2 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 63.2 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.4 0.6 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 9.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 2.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 13.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 62.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 18.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 219 156 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.8 9.5 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.5 29.4 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.8 24.4 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­3.6 ­1.1 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 31.7 36.1 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 33.5 33.3 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.3 .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.2 .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 33.2 36.4 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 8.8 ­3.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.3 6.6 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 11.1 .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 337 446 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 12.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.8 54.8 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.0 3.3 13.9 158 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Niger Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 11.0 14.7 976 Labor force (millions) 3.6 4.6 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.5 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 170 330 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.4 4.4 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 37.8 40.0 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.8 17.3 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.8 6.4 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 44.4 42.7 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.9 11.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 447.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 17.8 15.4 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.7 24.8 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 174 Time to start a business (days) .. 17 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 35.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.0 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 46.5 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 21.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 13.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 9.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 37.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 4.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 13 55 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.5 2.7 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.2 18.9 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 4.6 12.5 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­0.9 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 5.8 9.0 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 5.5 8.7 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.8 11.0 36.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 25.7 20.7 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 20.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 12.9 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 0.5 4.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 159 Nigeria Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 124.8 151.2 3,703 Labor force (millions) 39.2 48.6 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 270 1,170 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 2.7 6.6 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 48.6 32.7 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.5 40.7 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.4 2.6 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 20.9 26.6 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.9 11.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 101.7 118.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.0 41.6 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.0 24.7 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 125 Time to start a business (days) .. 31 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 50.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 32.2 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 6.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 22.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 2.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 7.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 8.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 76 3,377 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.5 1.8 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 15.5 17.3 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 12.6 13.4 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.4 18.0 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 22.6 6.3 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 12.5 33.9 82.6 Real interest rate (%) ­12.2 4.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 9.6 3.5 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 30.9 15.0 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 73 137 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 26.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 41.7 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 15.9 13.9 160 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Northern Mariana Islands High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.07 0.09 1,069 Labor force (millions) .. .. 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 8.3 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) .. .. 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 155.9 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.3 26.2 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 161 Norway High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.5 4.8 1,069 Labor force (millions) 2.4 2.6 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.4 2.6 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 35,860 87,340 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.6 2.4 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.1 1.2 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 42.0 46.2 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.6 9.5 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 56.0 52.6 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.1 3.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.8 5.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.5 48.1 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.4 28.8 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 10 Time to start a business (days) .. 7 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 13.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 0.9 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 41.6 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 28 28 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.5 13.6 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 3.4 5.9 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.1 ­0.3 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.4 20.8 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 15.7 19.9 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 23.5 44.9 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 66.3 83.2 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 44.0 50.5 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.0 4.2 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.2 0.8 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 75.8 87.9 155.9 Real interest rate (%) ­5.8 ­2.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.2 1.8 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 76.0 79.6 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 24,994 24,980 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 71.8 110.1 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 26.7 82.5 69.1 162 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Oman High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.4 2.8 1,069 Labor force (millions) 0.88 1.1 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,720 14,330 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.2 4.0 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.0 1.9 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 57.2 55.1 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.4 8.3 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.8 43.0 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­0.8 12.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.4 0.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.2 55.9 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.4 40.2 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 65 Time to start a business (days) .. 12 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 21.6 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 12 12 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 9.8 16.4 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.3 3.6 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 31.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 14.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 10.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.4 7.5 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.9 .. 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 4.4 .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­4.4 .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 19.1 .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 44.4 34.3 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 31.2 29.4 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.8 15.5 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.3 2.4 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 36.8 35.9 155.9 Real interest rate (%) ­8.3 2.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.4 2.6 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 30.0 41.3 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,140 4,484 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.7 115.6 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.5 20.0 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 163 Pakistan South Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 138.1 166.1 3,703 Labor force (millions) 41.6 55.8 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 5.1 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 490 950 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.0 5.4 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 25.9 20.4 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.3 26.9 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.7 19.7 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.7 52.7 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.4 20.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 53.6 70.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 13.4 12.8 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.7 23.8 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 85 Time to start a business (days) .. 20 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 90.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.8 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 31.6 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 35 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 8.7 2.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 58.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 14.6 9.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 106.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.0 9.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 77 4,042 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.4 3.3 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.9 20.4 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.3 15.0 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­4.1 ­7.4 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 79.1 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 30.2 38.2 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 26.5 34.7 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.9 10.4 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 19.5 9.1 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 22.3 29.5 82.6 Real interest rate (%) .. ­2.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. 6.0 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 56.0 65.4 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 374 474 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 34.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 53.0 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.4 11.1 13.9 164 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Palau Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.02 0.02 949 Labor force (millions) .. .. 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 4.2 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,260 8,630 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 1.2 1.8 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.9 3.5 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.3 20.7 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 1.4 0.5 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 80.8 75.8 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 9.6 67.8 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 106.1 64.1 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 97 Time to start a business (days) .. 28 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 73.0 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 44.6 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.3 60.2 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 20.0 27.3 30.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 165 Panama Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.0 3.4 949 Labor force (millions) 1.3 1.6 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 13.8 6.8 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,740 6,690 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 5.0 6.6 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.2 6.4 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.1 17.2 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.1 6.7 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 73.6 76.3 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.5 8.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 72.6 74.9 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.8 74.0 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 77 Time to start a business (days) .. 12 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 44.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.5 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 50.1 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 37 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 10.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 7.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 19.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 10.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 14.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 111 942 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.4 10.4 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.2 22.2 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 16.6 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­0.8 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 94.5 81.5 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 73.8 78.3 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.6 13.4 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.4 1.7 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 101.9 89.7 44.6 Real interest rate (%) 11.9 ­0.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.4 4.6 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 34.6 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,301 1,592 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 4.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.9 115.2 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.6 27.5 30.6 166 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Papua New Guinea Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.4 6.6 3,703 Labor force (millions) 2.3 2.9 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.8 .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 620 1,040 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) ­0.8 2.9 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 35.8 33.6 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 41.4 47.9 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.5 5.6 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 22.8 18.4 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 15.6 10.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.8 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 66.2 72.5 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.2 60.1 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 102 Time to start a business (days) .. 56 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 39.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 42.3 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 25 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 71 150 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.7 ­0.4 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.4 18.1 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­1.9 .. ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 57.7 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 17.2 24.8 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 3.9 ­2.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 9.1 8.0 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 3.5 .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 9.1 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.8 1.8 13.9 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 167 Paraguay Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.4 6.2 3,703 Labor force (millions) 2.3 2.9 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.6 5.7 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,350 2,110 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 0.1 3.7 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 17.0 20.2 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.5 18.3 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.5 12.7 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.5 61.5 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.0 10.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3,486.4 4,363.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.2 53.1 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.0 58.8 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 124 Time to start a business (days) .. 35 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 99.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.9 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 35.0 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 10 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 7.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 24.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 8.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 27.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 7.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 30 179 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.5 2.0 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.5 19.6 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 15.1 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. 3.4 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 28.4 18.4 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 22.0 17.2 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.4 11.2 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 12.3 1.2 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 29.8 24.5 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 13.1 17.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.1 22.7 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 50.8 .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 880 958 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 15.3 95.5 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.7 14.3 13.9 168 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Peru Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 26.0 28.8 949 Labor force (millions) 11.2 13.3 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.4 7.0 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,050 3,990 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 2.4 6.0 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.5 7.2 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.9 36.2 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.8 15.9 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 61.6 56.6 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.8 5.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.5 2.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.0 27.1 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.2 26.5 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 56 Time to start a business (days) .. 41 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.1 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 40.3 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.4 .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 13.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 1.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 26.3 30.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 81.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 2.6 14.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 952 1,520 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.5 3.2 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.2 26.1 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.3 21.7 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.1 2.0 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. 24.3 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 29.0 23.3 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 26.1 26.1 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.1 8.3 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 9.0 2.2 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 26.0 24.8 44.6 Real interest rate (%) 25.4 20.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 20.2 20.2 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 13.4 13.9 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 678 961 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 0.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.9 72.7 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.1 24.7 30.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 169 Philippines East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 77.7 90.3 3,703 Labor force (millions) 31.5 37.9 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.1 7.4 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,030 1,890 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.5 5.1 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.8 14.9 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.3 31.6 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.2 22.3 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.0 53.5 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.0 9.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 44.2 44.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55.4 36.9 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.5 38.7 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 144 Time to start a business (days) .. 52 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 15 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 91.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.7 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 49.4 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 32 35 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.3 0.3 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 6.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 21.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 21.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 23.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 15.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 2,153 3,217 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.0 0.8 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.2 14.7 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.6 11.4 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­3.9 ­1.3 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 52.9 77.7 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 50.3 36.2 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 54.0 51.0 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.6 11.1 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 24.0 4.5 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 43.8 28.8 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 4.3 1.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.6 4.3 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 20.0 9.9 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 501 586 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 8.3 75.4 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.0 6.2 13.9 170 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Poland Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 38.5 38.1 949 Labor force (millions) 17.4 17.7 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 16.1 7.1 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,590 11,730 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 5.4 4.4 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.0 4.5 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.7 30.8 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.5 17.3 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 63.3 64.6 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 10.1 4.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 4.3 2.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.1 39.8 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.5 43.5 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 72 Time to start a business (days) .. 32 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 13.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 42.5 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 19 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 4.9 5.0 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.9 1.0 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 7.8 12.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 29.4 4.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 29.2 40.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 8.2 83.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 11.4 17.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 7,807 5,104 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.5 2.8 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.7 22.0 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 21.3 17.4 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.8 ­3.7 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 33.0 44.8 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 33.6 55.4 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 34.0 42.1 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.1 7.9 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 15.5 4.4 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 26.6 49.8 44.6 Real interest rate (%) 12.0 3.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.8 3.3 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 68.3 90.3 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,240 3,662 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 17.5 115.2 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 7.3 49.0 30.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 171 Portugal High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.2 10.6 1,069 Labor force (millions) 5.2 5.6 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.9 7.6 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,590 20,680 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.2 0.9 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.8 2.4 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.6 23.9 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.1 14.3 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.6 73.7 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.8 2.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.8 32.9 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.6 42.5 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 48 Time to start a business (days) .. 6 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 97.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 42.9 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 37 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 7.0 7.3 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 2.7 4.4 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 1.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 52.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 24.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 5.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 12.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.9 1.5 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.1 21.7 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.6 ­2.7 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 60.2 76.0 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 106.4 .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 88.5 .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.8 6.1 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.2 2.0 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 131.5 179.7 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 1.9 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.8 .. 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 86.0 86.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,014 4,860 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 65.2 140.4 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 16.4 42.1 69.1 172 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Puerto Rico High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.8 4.0 1,069 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.5 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.1 11.6 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,560 .. 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.4 .. 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.9 .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 41.3 .. 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 38.3 .. 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.8 .. 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 75.2 .. 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 98.0 .. 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 35 Time to start a business (days) .. 7 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.8 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 64.7 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 155.9 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 94.0 95.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 24.3 85.8 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 10.5 25.3 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 173 Qatar High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.62 1.3 1,069 Labor force (millions) 0.35 0.90 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.9 .. 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) .. 9.0 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.7 15.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.6 3.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 67.3 64.2 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.3 38.2 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 39 Time to start a business (days) .. 6 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 69.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.8 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 11.3 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 35 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.5 30.2 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. 12.5 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. 55.5 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. 38.3 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 26.8 46.7 155.9 Real interest rate (%) .. ­10.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. 3.9 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 90.0 .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 13,782 12,915 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 19.6 131.4 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.9 34.0 69.1 174 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Romania Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 22.4 21.5 949 Labor force (millions) 11.8 10.0 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.1 5.8 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,690 8,280 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) ­2.1 6.4 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.5 7.1 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.4 25.2 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.5 20.9 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.1 67.6 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 45.7 7.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.2 2.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.7 29.9 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.9 40.4 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 55 Time to start a business (days) .. 10 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 8.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.3 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 44.6 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 25 16 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 5.2 11.9 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 2.3 6.7 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 8.6 9.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 35.2 12.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 19.8 37.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 20.1 42.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 21.7 26.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 901 3,647 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.8 6.9 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 31.1 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 26.7 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.0 ­4.6 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 11.7 37.0 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.4 27.9 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.6 7.0 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.3 13.8 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 7.2 38.5 44.6 Real interest rate (%) 6.7 3.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 20.7 5.5 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 49.5 30.2 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,988 2,452 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 3.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 11.1 113.7 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.6 28.8 30.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 175 Russian Federation Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 146.3 142.0 949 Labor force (millions) 72.3 76.0 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.8 6.2 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,710 9,660 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 1.2 6.7 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.4 5.0 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.9 37.2 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.6 18.0 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.6 57.8 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 20.8 14.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 28.1 24.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.1 30.8 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.0 22.0 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 120 Time to start a business (days) .. 30 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.8 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 48.3 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 43 24 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 14.0 15.0 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 2.2 4.9 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 8.2 19.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 54.2 17.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 11.1 30.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 10.2 57.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 20.3 11.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 1,939 19,450 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.0 4.3 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.9 22.0 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.1 18.8 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 7.0 5.6 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 49.0 6.4 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.1 13.6 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 7.7 3.8 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 13.3 41.0 44.6 Real interest rate (%) ­9.6 ­5.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.9 6.5 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 67.4 80.9 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,209 6,317 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.2 140.6 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.0 31.9 30.6 176 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Rwanda Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.0 9.7 976 Labor force (millions) 3.7 4.8 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 250 440 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 10.1 6.7 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 37.2 37.4 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.6 14.1 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.0 4.5 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.2 48.5 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.9 15.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 389.7 546.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 8.7 14.9 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.7 31.2 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 67 Time to start a business (days) .. 3 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 2 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 31.3 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 5.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 4.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 15.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 18.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 10.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 8 44 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.5 2.3 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 24.1 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.1 13.1 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 10.6 12.7 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 12.1 14.7 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.1 12.3 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 57.0 12.6 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 10.4 12.1 36.5 Real interest rate (%) 20.6 ­0.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 9.3 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 19.0 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 13.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.5 13.6 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 3.1 4.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 177 Samoa East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.18 0.18 3,703 Labor force (millions) 0.06 0.06 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.0 1.3 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,360 2,820 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.3 4.0 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 16.8 10.8 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.0 29.3 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.8 11.7 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.2 60.0 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.0 11.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.3 2.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.8 33.5 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.2 55.4 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 57 Time to start a business (days) .. 9 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 9.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.5 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 18.9 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 19.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 9.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 10 .. 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) ­0.7 1.1 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 31.7 38.2 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 32.6 39.3 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 30.6 43.7 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 8.0 9.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.5 6.6 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 14.2 .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.4 69.3 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.6 5.0 13.9 178 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development San Marino High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) .. 0.03 1,069 Labor force (millions) .. .. 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.0 2.6 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 46,770 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) .. 3.9 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. 4.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.3 6.2 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 16.5 62.0 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 6.5 5.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.6 5.0 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. 77.4 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) .. 54.8 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 179 São Tomé and Príncipe Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.14 0.16 3,703 Labor force (millions) 0.05 0.06 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 14.4 16.7 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 1,030 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) .. 6.5 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 19.7 16.8 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.9 20.5 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.7 6.4 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 63.5 62.7 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 7,978.2 14,695.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 180 Time to start a business (days) .. 144 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 91.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 47.2 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 2 50 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.9 18.9 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.3 28.3 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 25.7 7.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 18.7 19.7 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 68.1 .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 30.6 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.6 15.5 13.9 180 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Saudi Arabia High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 20.6 24.6 1,069 Labor force (millions) 6.9 9.0 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.6 5.6 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 8,140 17,870 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 2.3 4.1 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.9 2.3 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 53.9 70.2 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.7 8.3 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 41.1 27.4 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­1.1 9.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.8 3.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.7 68.9 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.9 37.6 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 13 Time to start a business (days) .. 5 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 80.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 14.5 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 45 20 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) ­1.0 4.8 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.5 19.3 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 40.6 48.3 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 15.3 19.2 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.6 10.0 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 10.4 1.4 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 52.5 55.4 155.9 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 29.9 21.5 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,670 7,247 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.7 146.1 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.2 31.5 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 181 Senegal Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.9 12.2 976 Labor force (millions) 4.1 5.2 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 11.1 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 510 980 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.4 4.5 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 19.1 15.7 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.2 21.7 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.7 12.8 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.6 62.6 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.7 5.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 447.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.9 25.0 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.2 47.5 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 157 Time to start a business (days) .. 8 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 38.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 46.0 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 6.3 2.3 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 2.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 18.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 19.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 9.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 6.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 79 432 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.3 5.3 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.4 30.2 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 20.2 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­0.9 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) 73.7 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 19.6 24.2 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.1 24.4 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.9 9.1 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 18.1 19.1 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 18.7 24.2 36.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 29.3 29.3 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 101 128 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 11.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.5 44.1 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.4 8.4 4.6 182 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Serbia Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.5 7.4 949 Labor force (millions) .. .. 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 13.6 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,470 5,590 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 0.0 5.4 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 20.6 0.0 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.4 0.0 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. 0.0 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 48.1 100.0 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 71.1 12.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 63.2 55.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.0 29.7 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.1 52.4 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 88 Time to start a business (days) .. 13 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 25.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.7 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 34.0 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 20 10 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. 13.0 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 1.6 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 10.3 12.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 44.8 3.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 10.6 42.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 8.7 109.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 9.6 21.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 345 250 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 6.0 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.3 20.4 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 9.5 16.7 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­1.6 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 18.3 20.5 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 21.6 5.3 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 47.5 38.4 44.6 Real interest rate (%) ­41.3 0.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 30.4 10.8 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 62.7 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,199 4,155 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. 130.9 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) .. 44.9 30.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 183 Seychelles Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.08 0.09 949 Labor force (millions) .. .. 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.8 5.5 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,420 10,220 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 6.6 2.0 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.0 2.3 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.0 22.4 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.2 13.4 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.0 75.3 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.3 37.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.7 9.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 78.2 130.9 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 81.4 152.5 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 111 Time to start a business (days) .. 38 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 39.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 44.1 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 7 15 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.0 43.7 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.2 28.3 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.8 24.6 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­13.9 8.1 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 90.2 104.5 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 80.7 105.4 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 22.3 38.4 44.6 Real interest rate (%) 9.4 ­10.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 7.8 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 84.5 96.0 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 32.0 107.5 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 7.4 39.0 30.6 184 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Sierra Leone Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.2 5.6 976 Labor force (millions) 1.7 2.1 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 3.4 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 150 320 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) ­5.0 10.3 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 58.4 50.2 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.4 23.5 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.5 3.7 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 13.3 26.3 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. 17.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2,092.1 2,981.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.1 16.3 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.3 29.4 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 148 Time to start a business (days) .. 12 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 189.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.6 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 235.6 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 7.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 8.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 6.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 14.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 13.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 3 22 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.1 ­0.2 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 6.9 14.7 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 1.7 8.6 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­9.3 ­2.4 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 247.4 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 7.3 9.7 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 8.5 11.9 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 18.5 18.7 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 37.9 23.3 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 2.1 7.1 36.5 Real interest rate (%) 19.0 12.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.0 14.8 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 7.9 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 15.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.3 18.1 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 0.3 4.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 185 Singapore High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.0 4.8 1,069 Labor force (millions) 2.1 2.6 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.0 3.2 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 22,960 34,760 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 5.7 5.8 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.1 0.1 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.6 27.8 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 27.7 20.8 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.3 72.2 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.4 6.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.7 1.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 191.4 234.3 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 176.4 215.3 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 1 Time to start a business (days) .. 3 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 3 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 0.8 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 27.8 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 26 18 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 10.0 19.4 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 2.8 7.5 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 17.8 12.5 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.6 28.5 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 22.5 17.0 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 11.4 8.1 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 86.9 102.6 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 117.0 110.5 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 109.8 111.1 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.0 8.5 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.4 1.4 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 109.5 107.9 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 2.0 4.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.1 5.0 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,575 8,514 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 68.2 131.7 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 32.3 69.6 69.1 186 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Slovak Republic High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.4 5.4 1,069 Labor force (millions) 2.6 2.7 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 18.8 9.5 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,370 16,590 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.7 6.3 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.5 3.1 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.2 38.0 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 24.7 23.9 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.3 58.9 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 12.0 4.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.5 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 70.5 83.0 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 73.0 85.3 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 42 Time to start a business (days) .. 16 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 48.6 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 29 19 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.1 11.8 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.7 4.1 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 6.1 6.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 41.2 3.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 9.6 31.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 15.2 25.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 20.0 27.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.2 3.3 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 26.1 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 23.8 22.2 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­2.2 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 36.6 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 81.1 55.2 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 54.3 50.4 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.6 9.8 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 13.7 3.2 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 51.1 44.7 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 5.0 6.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.4 4.3 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 87.0 87.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,956 5,250 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 23.1 102.1 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 9.4 66.0 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 187 Slovenia High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.0 2.0 1,069 Labor force (millions) 0.96 1.0 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 4.4 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,090 24,230 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.4 4.4 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.3 2.4 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.8 34.4 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 25.8 23.4 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.9 63.3 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8.9 5.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.9 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.9 70.2 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.4 71.5 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 53 Time to start a business (days) .. 6 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 3 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 37.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 37.5 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 25 22 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 4.0 10.5 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.2 3.5 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 4.4 7.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 14.7 14.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 12.7 52.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 6.4 60.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 32.0 28.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.7 3.5 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.1 27.5 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 57.3 59.1 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­1.1 ­0.2 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 22.2 .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 43.6 70.0 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 41.2 51.9 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.1 8.4 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 6.5 1.6 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 35.9 85.6 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 9.9 2.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.7 2.6 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,778 7,138 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 61.1 101.7 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 15.1 55.7 69.1 188 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Solomon Islands Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.42 0.51 3,703 Labor force (millions) 0.09 0.11 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 31.9 .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,000 1,010 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) ­1.9 4.5 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 34.7 36.0 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 12.7 6.8 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.0 4.9 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.6 57.2 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.9 17.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.1 7.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.1 36.1 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.6 57.2 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 104 Time to start a business (days) .. 57 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 44.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 36.3 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 5 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.0 11.8 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 6.1 13.4 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 23.5 .. 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 24.1 .. 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.3 41.7 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 3.5 0.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.0 13.4 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 2.4 .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.3 5.9 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 2.0 13.9 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 189 Somalia Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.4 8.9 976 Labor force (millions) 2.9 3.5 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) .. .. 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 1 1 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 36.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 11.8 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.1 7.0 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 1.1 4.6 190 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa South Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 44.0 48.7 949 Labor force (millions) 15.3 18.6 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 26.7 22.9 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,050 5,820 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 2.5 4.3 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.3 3.3 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.8 33.7 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.0 18.8 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.9 63.0 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5.3 9.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.9 8.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.9 35.4 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.9 38.5 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 34 Time to start a business (days) .. 22 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 24.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 30.2 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 38 35 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 5.8 7.5 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.1 1.4 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 6.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 3.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 34.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 15.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 26.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 1,891 1,927 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.7 3.5 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.1 23.2 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.4 15.8 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.0 ­0.4 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 45.3 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 70.7 81.3 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 50.1 59.8 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.7 7.9 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.1 3.9 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 133.7 145.2 44.6 Real interest rate (%) 5.2 3.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.3 3.5 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 20.3 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,417 4,986 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 19.0 92.4 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 5.5 8.6 30.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 191 Spain High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 40.3 45.6 1,069 Labor force (millions) 18.0 22.8 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 13.9 11.3 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 15,420 31,930 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.2 3.3 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.4 2.8 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.2 28.9 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.6 15.2 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 66.4 68.3 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.4 4.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.0 26.4 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.2 32.2 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 62 Time to start a business (days) .. 47 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 56.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 56.9 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 7.8 6.0 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 4.2 5.3 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 0.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 14.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 32.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 9.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 21.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.7 4.4 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 29.4 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­0.5 ­2.0 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 58.9 33.8 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 105.6 .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 58.1 .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.5 6.4 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.2 3.4 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 97.7 201.4 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 1.7 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.2 .. 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 99.0 99.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,207 6,296 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 60.3 109.0 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 13.6 55.4 69.1 192 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development South Asia Sri Lanka Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 18.7 20.2 3,703 Labor force (millions) 7.8 8.3 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.7 5.2 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 880 1,780 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 5.1 5.5 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 19.9 13.4 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.3 29.4 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.8 18.0 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.8 57.3 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.2 22.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 77.0 108.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.0 24.9 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.6 38.3 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 105 Time to start a business (days) .. 38 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 217.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.7 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 63.7 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 35 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.2 0.3 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 3.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 2.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 26.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 83.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 160 301 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.1 1.9 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.0 25.3 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 24.8 19.3 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­8.4 ­6.5 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 96.9 85.0 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 32.1 38.6 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 31.1 32.3 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.4 .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 15.3 .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 28.8 28.9 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 8.3 2.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.0 8.0 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 85.8 81.0 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 296 417 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.3 55.0 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.6 5.8 13.9 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 193 St. Kitts and Nevis Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.04 0.05 949 Labor force (millions) .. .. 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,470 10,870 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.3 4.3 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.7 2.6 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.8 26.6 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.4 8.3 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.5 70.8 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.0 5.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.0 40.9 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 76.3 71.4 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 76 Time to start a business (days) .. 45 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 13.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 52.7 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 4 1 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 29.5 16.1 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 50.1 41.6 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 39.7 41.9 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­3.3 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. 95.8 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 117.3 140.0 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 108.6 138.6 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 77.3 78.8 44.6 Real interest rate (%) 6.8 10.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.8 4.2 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 42.5 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.7 162.6 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.1 32.5 30.6 194 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean St. Lucia Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.16 0.17 949 Labor force (millions) 0.06 0.08 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 16.5 21.0 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,130 5,410 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.0 3.2 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.1 4.8 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.0 17.8 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.1 5.8 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 74.0 77.5 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.6 7.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.3 51.5 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 63.0 75.8 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 36 Time to start a business (days) .. 14 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 56.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 34.4 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 15 11 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.6 10.5 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.7 25.9 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.5 18.1 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 84.4 119.9 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 70.8 93.0 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 77.6 128.2 44.6 Real interest rate (%) 10.7 6.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.3 6.9 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.6 99.6 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 5.1 58.8 30.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 195 St. Vincent & Grenadines Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.11 0.11 949 Labor force (millions) 0.05 0.05 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,920 5,050 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 5.7 4.8 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.7 7.9 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.7 29.2 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.0 4.4 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.7 62.9 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.2 10.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.9 43.0 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.1 66.6 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 70 Time to start a business (days) .. 11 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 54.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 41.0 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 35 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 11.1 20.0 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.0 37.9 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.0 27.8 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 76.8 73.9 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 85.7 69.8 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 64.7 56.9 44.6 Real interest rate (%) 11.1 0.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 6.7 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 68.0 70.0 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.2 119.2 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.2 60.5 30.6 196 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Sudan Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 34.9 41.3 3,703 Labor force (millions) 10.5 13.1 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 320 1,100 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 6.2 7.4 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 41.7 25.8 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.5 34.1 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.6 5.7 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 36.8 40.1 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8.0 14.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.6 2.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.3 23.8 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 17.7 23.0 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 154 Time to start a business (days) .. 36 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 118.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 36.1 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 35 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 12 207 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.2 4.6 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.1 20.2 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 9.7 12.8 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­0.4 .. ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 8.7 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 2.1 13.3 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 5.3 14.3 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 2.2 10.9 82.6 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 36.3 .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 62 90 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.1 29.0 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 10.2 13.9 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 197 Suriname Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.47 0.52 949 Labor force (millions) 0.16 0.19 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 13.8 .. 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,930 4,760 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 1.7 5.4 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 11.2 4.7 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.2 40.2 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.0 20.7 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 63.7 55.1 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 59.4 13.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.3 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.7 30.7 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.2 45.6 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 155 Time to start a business (days) .. 694 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 27.9 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 60 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) ­16.6 ­7.7 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.4 25.1 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 9.8 19.8 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 12.3 26.5 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.6 48.2 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.4 26.1 44.6 Real interest rate (%) ­16.7 ­5.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.5 5.9 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 26.0 26.3 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 8.8 80.8 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.5 9.7 30.6 198 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Swaziland Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.1 1.2 3,703 Labor force (millions) 0.37 0.44 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 22.5 28.2 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,550 2,600 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.3 2.6 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.5 7.3 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 45.0 49.4 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 39.5 44.4 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 42.6 43.3 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 12.2 13.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.9 8.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 76.1 68.6 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 90.1 80.7 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 115 Time to start a business (days) .. 61 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 53.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 36.6 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 4.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 3.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 7.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 16.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 22.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 5 20 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.1 0.4 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.4 16.5 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.5 8.0 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­2.8 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 13.2 22.6 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 19.6 19.5 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 20.7 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. 8.4 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 12.8 23.6 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 13.8 4.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.5 6.7 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 30.0 .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 3.1 45.5 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.9 6.9 13.9 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 199 Sweden High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.9 9.2 1,069 Labor force (millions) 4.5 5.0 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.8 6.2 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 29,280 50,910 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.4 2.8 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.0 1.6 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.6 27.9 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.0 20.0 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.4 70.5 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.0 3.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 9.2 6.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.6 54.2 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.3 46.8 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 18 Time to start a business (days) .. 15 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 3 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 54.6 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 28 28 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 7.5 8.6 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 3.6 4.7 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.0 8.7 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.6 19.5 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.5 .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 60.7 47.3 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 46.4 134.4 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 0.1 54.0 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.5 4.7 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.6 1.0 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 42.6 129.6 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 4.3 2.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.7 2.5 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 77.5 31.7 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 15,687 15,238 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 71.8 118.1 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 45.6 87.7 69.1 200 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Switzerland High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.2 7.6 1,069 Labor force (millions) 4.0 4.4 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.7 3.4 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 40,270 55,510 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 2.0 1.9 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.6 1.2 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.3 28.0 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.0 19.9 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 71.1 70.8 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.5 2.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.7 1.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.5 55.9 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.7 46.7 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 21 Time to start a business (days) .. 20 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 13.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 29.7 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 25 21 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 12.7 11.3 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 3.3 3.6 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.9 1.3 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.7 22.0 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.2 1.1 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 25.6 23.6 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 172.9 179.8 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 129.4 134.7 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.0 4.6 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 4.1 0.5 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 158.5 168.2 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 3.1 1.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 1.3 3.2 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,847 8,164 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 64.6 116.3 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 47.9 75.9 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 201 Syrian Arab Republic Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 16.5 20.6 3,703 Labor force (millions) 4.9 6.7 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.3 10.3 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 960 2,160 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 2.2 4.4 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 23.8 20.0 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.9 35.0 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.5 12.8 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 38.3 45.0 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­3.8 15.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 11.2 11.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.4 31.3 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.6 31.6 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 143 Time to start a business (days) .. 17 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 80.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.1 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 42.9 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 45 28 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 9.2 9.5 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 10.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 68.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 7.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 61.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 7.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 161 95 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.4 3.1 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.3 16.4 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 6.3 9.0 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 33.6 32.1 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 32.6 40.1 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.3 15.6 82.6 Real interest rate (%) ­0.6 ­3.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.0 1.8 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,058 1,469 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 34.3 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 17.3 13.9 202 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Tajikistan Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.2 6.8 976 Labor force (millions) 2.0 2.8 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 160 600 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 1.1 8.6 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 27.4 18.0 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 38.9 22.9 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 33.7 16.5 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 33.7 59.0 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 38.6 20.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.1 3.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 98.8 16.7 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 100.9 58.3 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 152 Time to start a business (days) .. 25 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 12 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 30.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 85.9 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.1 0.2 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 6.1 11.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 87.2 33.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 3.9 21.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 11.9 28.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 8.6 16.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 9 53 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.7 7.3 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 9.5 19.3 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 2.8 5.9 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­0.8 ­6.6 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 114.1 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 11.9 19.5 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 2.8 7.4 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 13.8 29.0 36.5 Real interest rate (%) 2.4 ­3.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 24.3 14.4 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,177 2,176 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 6.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 53.7 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 8.8 4.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 203 Tanzania Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 34.1 42.5 976 Labor force (millions) 16.8 20.8 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.1 4.3 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 270 440 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.9 6.8 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 45.0 45.3 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.7 17.4 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.5 6.9 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.2 37.3 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5.9 10.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 800.4 1,196.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.8 21.7 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.2 27.5 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 131 Time to start a business (days) .. 29 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 12 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 18.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 45.2 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. 6.6 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.2 0.2 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 4.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 14.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 6.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 44.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 14.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 61 477 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.1 3.6 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.4 16.4 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.4 9.8 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.6 16.3 36.5 Real interest rate (%) 13.1 5.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 14.2 6.9 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 8.6 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 58 82 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 12.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.3 30.6 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 1.2 4.6 204 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Thailand Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 62.3 67.4 3,703 Labor force (millions) 34.3 38.5 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.4 1.4 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,960 3,670 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) ­0.7 5.2 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.0 11.6 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 42.0 44.2 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 33.6 34.9 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.0 44.2 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.6 5.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 40.1 33.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 66.8 76.6 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 58.1 73.9 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 12 Time to start a business (days) .. 32 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 54.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.7 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 37.2 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.2 8.5 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.4 0.6 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 0.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 74.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 27.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 39.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 1,377 2,747 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.7 3.6 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.0 27.4 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.8 20.8 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. 0.5 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 24.0 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 131.6 103.9 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 103.3 93.3 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.5 9.5 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 17.7 5.7 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 108.3 113.1 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 6.4 3.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.5 4.6 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 98.5 .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,462 2,055 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.9 92.0 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.7 23.9 13.9 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 205 Timor-Leste East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.82 1.1 3,703 Labor force (millions) 0.28 0.43 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 330 2,460 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) .. 1.9 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 25.8 .. 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 18.5 .. 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.8 .. 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.7 .. 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. 9.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 180.1 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 164 Time to start a business (days) .. 83 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 0.2 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 2.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 9.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.8 .. 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 7.7 .. 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 2.2 20.6 82.6 Real interest rate (%) .. 2.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. 12.3 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 13.9 206 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Togo Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.2 6.5 976 Labor force (millions) 2.2 2.9 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 280 410 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.2 2.4 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 34.2 43.7 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.8 24.0 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.4 10.1 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 47.9 32.4 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.9 8.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 447.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.7 41.9 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50.7 62.5 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 165 Time to start a business (days) .. 75 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 36.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 52.7 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 2.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 16.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 16.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 53.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 6.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 68 190 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.2 2.3 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.8 22.3 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.8 19.5 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. 0.3 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 17.0 21.5 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.8 23.9 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 15.6 18.7 36.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 31.6 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 89 96 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 11.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.0 24.0 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.9 5.4 4.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 207 Tonga East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.10 0.10 3,703 Labor force (millions) 0.04 0.04 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 1.1 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,650 2,690 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 1.7 1.2 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 28.0 25.6 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.2 14.4 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.1 2.7 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.8 60.1 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.3 10.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.8 1.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.9 14.1 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.8 70.6 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 52 Time to start a business (days) .. 25 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.7 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 27.5 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 7 10 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.0 2.2 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 17.1 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 55.1 58.9 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 40.3 45.9 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 62.1 63.3 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 9.7 7.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 5.9 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 27.0 .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 48.7 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.4 8.1 13.9 208 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Trinidad and Tobago High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.3 1.3 1,069 Labor force (millions) 0.59 0.69 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.1 6.5 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,190 16,590 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 5.0 8.4 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.4 0.3 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 49.5 62.4 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.3 5.3 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.1 37.3 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.6 12.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.3 6.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.1 73.4 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.5 42.3 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 81 Time to start a business (days) .. 43 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 67.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 33.1 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.3 3.8 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.0 25.3 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.3 19.4 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.0 0.7 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 35.4 32.7 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 48.1 39.4 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 43.5 28.9 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 3.2 5.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.3 5.1 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 51.1 .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,907 5,642 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.5 112.9 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 7.7 17.0 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 209 Tunisia Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.6 10.3 3,703 Labor force (millions) 3.2 3.8 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 15.7 14.2 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,090 3,480 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 5.5 4.9 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.3 9.9 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.6 32.6 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.2 17.9 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.1 57.5 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.0 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.4 1.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.5 61.0 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.2 65.3 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 69 Time to start a business (days) .. 11 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.3 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 62.8 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 12.9 10.5 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.9 1.0 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 261 99 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.9 6.5 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.0 25.3 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.7 12.3 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.7 ­0.7 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 62.6 48.2 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 57.8 63.9 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 45.3 49.7 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.5 .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 21.6 15.5 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 66.3 66.6 82.6 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 68.4 65.8 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 991 1,248 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.2 83.3 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.7 27.1 13.9 210 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Turkey Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 66.5 73.9 949 Labor force (millions) 23.1 25.8 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.5 9.4 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,990 9,020 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.5 5.7 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 11.3 8.6 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.5 27.6 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.5 18.3 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.2 63.7 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 54.9 10.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.6 1.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.1 23.9 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.1 28.4 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 73 Time to start a business (days) .. 6 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 95.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.3 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 44.5 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 33 20 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 9.4 12.3 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 1.6 1.9 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 3.5 27.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 49.4 4.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 13.3 51.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 2.7 7.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 8.7 30.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 8,215 9,231 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.4 2.5 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.4 19.9 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.7 16.0 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. ­1.9 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. 44.5 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 32.6 45.6 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 28.5 37.4 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.1 11.7 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 9.2 3.6 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 18.4 32.6 44.6 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 34.0 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,573 2,238 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 4.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 24.3 89.1 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.8 34.4 30.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 211 Turkmenistan Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.5 5.0 3,703 Labor force (millions) 1.8 2.4 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 650 2,840 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.9 14.5 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 24.4 12.3 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 44.4 53.7 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.6 21.7 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 31.2 34.0 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5,200.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 95.5 80.5 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 80.9 50.8 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 20 58 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.5 5.3 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 34.7 6.5 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 6.0 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 2.0 .. 82.6 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 81.2 .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,698 2,279 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 22.5 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 1.5 13.9 212 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Uganda Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 24.4 31.7 976 Labor force (millions) 10.5 13.6 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 3.2 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 270 420 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 6.4 7.5 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 29.6 22.7 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.9 25.8 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.8 7.6 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 47.5 51.5 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.4 12.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,644.5 1,720.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 10.6 15.6 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.5 33.4 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 112 Time to start a business (days) .. 25 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 18 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 13.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.2 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 35.7 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 30 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. 10.0 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.4 0.7 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 5.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 14.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 7.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 33.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 15.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 57 821 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.6 5.5 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.2 23.3 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.2 17.9 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­1.9 ­1.5 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 42.9 28.9 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 9.7 13.9 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 10.7 13.7 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.8 13.8 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 9.8 2.2 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 6.2 13.9 36.5 Real interest rate (%) 13.3 13.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.1 9.8 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 23.0 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 11.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.5 27.0 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 7.9 4.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 213 Ukraine Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 49.2 46.3 3,703 Labor force (millions) 23.4 23.1 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.6 6.4 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 700 3,210 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) ­1.9 7.2 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 17.1 8.3 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.3 36.9 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.2 23.3 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 46.6 54.8 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 28.2 25.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.4 5.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.4 41.7 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.4 47.8 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 142 Time to start a business (days) .. 27 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 13.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.9 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 57.2 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 8.0 7.9 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.9 1.3 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 10.2 11.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 58.9 28.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 8.1 32.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 26.2 47.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 14.5 13.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 206 1,364 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.9 6.1 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.7 25.6 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.3 22.7 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­0.6 ­1.5 ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 45.3 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 10.7 46.5 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 9.3 31.2 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 16.2 14.0 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 29.6 17.4 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 11.2 73.7 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 15.0 ­9.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 27.8 7.5 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 96.7 97.8 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,778 3,529 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.7 120.4 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.7 10.5 13.9 214 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development United Arab Emirates High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.2 4.5 1,069 Labor force (millions) 1.9 2.8 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.3 3.1 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 19,320 26,360 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 5.1 7.8 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.5 1.8 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 55.7 60.6 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.5 12.4 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.8 37.6 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.7 3.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 73.3 91.0 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55.3 66.7 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 33 Time to start a business (days) .. 15 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 84.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.1 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 14.1 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 55 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.1 20.4 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 9.5 10.3 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.1 .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.9 10.6 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 12.7 2.5 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 46.2 72.7 155.9 Real interest rate (%) ­9.9 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.5 .. 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 11,919 16,165 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 44.1 208.6 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 23.6 65.2 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 215 United Kingdom High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 58.9 61.4 1,069 Labor force (millions) 29.3 31.5 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.6 5.6 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 25,910 46,040 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 3.4 2.5 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.0 0.7 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.3 23.7 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.5 13.3 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 71.7 75.6 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.9 4.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.7 0.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.6 28.9 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.5 32.0 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 5 Time to start a business (days) .. 13 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 22.0 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 35.9 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 28 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 14.9 17.7 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 5.8 11.0 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.3 3.5 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.1 16.7 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.7 ­4.7 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 47.5 57.5 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 120.5 198.3 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.5 4.4 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.5 1.6 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 129.3 211.1 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 4.7 2.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.7 .. 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,115 6,120 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 73.8 126.0 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 26.8 76.0 69.1 216 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development United States High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 282.2 304.1 1,069 Labor force (millions) 147.9 158.2 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.0 5.8 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 34,410 47,930 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.2 2.4 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.2 1.3 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.2 21.8 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.0 13.7 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 74.6 76.9 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.4 3.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 11.2 12.1 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.1 17.2 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 4 Time to start a business (days) .. 6 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 46.3 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 40 40 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. 13.1 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 3.4 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.3 2.3 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.9 18.4 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.5 ­5.5 ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) 33.0 55.7 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 55.9 70.3 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 63.7 80.5 .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.5 9.3 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.1 3.0 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 170.7 193.7 155.9 Real interest rate (%) 6.9 2.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 65.3 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 13,670 13,652 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 38.8 89.0 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 43.9 75.9 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 217 Uruguay Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.3 3.3 949 Labor force (millions) 1.5 1.6 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 13.6 7.6 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,100 8,260 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 2.2 3.8 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.0 10.8 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.5 26.6 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.1 17.6 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.5 62.6 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.8 7.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 12.1 20.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.7 28.3 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.0 32.3 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 114 Time to start a business (days) .. 65 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 31.0 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.1 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 46.7 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 30 25 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 7.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 0.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 6.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 38.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 6.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 681 53 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.2 6.9 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 14.3 18.7 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.7 14.6 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­3.0 ­0.9 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 40.6 54.0 .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 54.7 27.9 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 44.0 36.2 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.2 8.9 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 12.4 1.0 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 45.1 26.3 44.6 Real interest rate (%) 41.8 3.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 27.8 9.2 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 90.0 10.0 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,990 2,197 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 0.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.4 105.2 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 10.6 40.2 30.6 218 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Uzbekistan Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 24.7 27.3 976 Labor force (millions) 9.1 12.3 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 630 910 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 4.1 6.6 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 34.4 21.4 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.1 30.8 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.4 12.1 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 42.5 47.9 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 236.6 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.6 41.9 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.5 31.5 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 150 Time to start a business (days) .. 15 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 22.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 94.9 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) 11.4 18.2 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.2 0.6 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 5.3 11.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 52.7 52.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 1.3 8.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7.6 28.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 14.8 1.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 26 344 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.5 3.3 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.0 23.0 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.5 17.2 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 36.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 87.3 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,780 1,658 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 6.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 46.6 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 9.0 4.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 219 Vanuatu East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.19 0.23 3,703 Labor force (millions) 0.09 0.12 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.6 .. 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,250 1,940 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 2.2 3.7 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.6 14.3 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 9.3 9.2 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.4 2.8 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 75.1 76.5 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.5 4.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 137.6 101.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.6 44.7 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.4 58.2 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 59 Time to start a business (days) .. 39 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 56.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.6 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 8.4 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 4.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 15.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 6 35 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.3 5.8 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.3 24.2 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­0.8 .. ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 29.2 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 35.1 55.2 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 8.6 ­2.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.6 4.0 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 23.9 .. 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 15.4 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.1 7.3 13.9 220 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Venezuela, RB Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 24.3 27.9 949 Labor force (millions) 10.1 12.7 432 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 13.2 7.4 8.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,100 9,230 7,852 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 0.6 5.2 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.2 4.0 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 49.7 57.8 33.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.8 16.4 17.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 46.1 38.2 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 16.2 31.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.7 2.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.7 30.4 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.1 20.2 27.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 177 Time to start a business (days) .. 141 47 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 16 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. ..a 37.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 61.1 44.3 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 34 34 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 10.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 3.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 33.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 2.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 35.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 25.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 12.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 774 391 82,923 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.0 0.1 3.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.0 19.8 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 16.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­1.2 2.2 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 11.9 22.0 51.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 15.0 24.2 39.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.0 9.4 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 6.6 1.9 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 12.5 21.5 44.6 Real interest rate (%) ­3.3 ­6.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.9 6.2 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 33.6 .. 41.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,655 3,077 3,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.4 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 22.4 97.0 95.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.4 25.7 30.6 a. Laws ban dismissing workers on economic grounds. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 221 Vietnam East Asia & Pacific Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 77.6 86.2 976 Labor force (millions) 37.9 45.6 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.3 2.1 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 390 890 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 6.7 7.7 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 24.5 22.1 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.7 39.7 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.6 21.1 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 38.7 38.2 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) ­1.7 23.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 14,167.8 16,302.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55.0 78.2 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.5 94.7 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 93 Time to start a business (days) .. 50 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 87.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.0 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 40.1 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 33 28 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 0.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 33.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 29.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 29.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 11.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 150 365 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.2 10.6 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.6 36.0 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 32.0 84.0 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 7.4 14.9 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 35.3 90.6 36.5 Real interest rate (%) 6.9 ­4.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 3.1 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 25.1 47.6 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 295 728 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.0 81.2 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.3 24.2 4.6 222 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Virgin Islands (U.S.) High income High- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.11 0.11 1,069 Labor force (millions) 0.05 0.05 502 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 39,688 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) .. .. 2.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 72.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 19 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 39.3 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 39.2 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. .. Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 11.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 43.4 Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 99.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. .. Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 1.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 155.9 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 87.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,753 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 32.2 73.3 106.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 13.8 27.3 69.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 223 West Bank and Gaza Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.0 3.9 3,703 Labor force (millions) 0.63 0.94 1,728 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 14.1 26.0 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,560 1,250 2,073 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 7.4 ­0.9 8.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 41.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 26.6 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 45.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.0 3.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.0 14.0 35.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 71.2 68.2 33.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 139 Time to start a business (days) .. 49 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 91.0 58.6 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 16.8 40.1 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 16 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 8.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. 5.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 2.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 4.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 37.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 18.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 237 23 31,715 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.5 1.2 3.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 32.7 25.7 34.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. ­1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) .. .. 98.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 48.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 5.5 7.5 82.6 Real interest rate (%) 10.5 2.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 4.8 6.6 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 37.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,310 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 3.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.9 29.3 47.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.2 9.0 13.9 224 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Middle East & North Africa Yemen, Rep. Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 18.2 22.9 976 Labor force (millions) 4.3 6.0 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.5 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 400 960 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 5.6 3.9 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.3 14.3 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 46.5 40.3 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.2 4.7 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 43.2 45.4 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.6 19.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 161.7 199.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.3 38.0 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.6 41.4 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 99 Time to start a business (days) .. 12 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 47.8 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) .. 35 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 20 270 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.1 5.8 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.6 23.1 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.2 13.4 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­2.3 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 8.6 12.0 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.4 18.7 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 5.0 7.8 36.5 Real interest rate (%) ­4.9 ­0.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.5 5.0 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 15.5 8.7 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 136 202 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 16.1 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 1.6 4.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 225 Zambia Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.5 12.6 976 Labor force (millions) 4.0 4.7 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.9 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 300 950 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 2.2 5.3 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.3 21.2 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.3 46.3 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.4 11.6 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.4 32.5 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 26.0 12.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3,110.8 3,745.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.1 36.8 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.5 34.3 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 90 Time to start a business (days) .. 18 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 178.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.7 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 16.1 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 35 35 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) 0.5 0.9 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) 13.0 4.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 4.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 25.4 10.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 142.4 97.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 5.8 17.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 27 131 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.8 6.6 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.0 22.7 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 6.0 17.5 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.8 ­0.8 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 176.2 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 12.4 16.2 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 16.3 18.0 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 23.6 .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.6 15.3 36.5 Real interest rate (%) 6.7 7.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 18.6 12.5 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 22.0 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 595 720 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 3.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.9 28.0 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 5.5 4.6 226 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Zimbabwe Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 12.5 12.5 976 Labor force (millions) 5.1 4.9 441 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.0 4.2 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 460 360 523 GDP growth, 1995­2000 and 2000­08 (average annual %) 0.7 ­5.7 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 18.5 19.1 25.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.0 23.9 28.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.8 13.5 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 56.5 57.0 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 55.9 24,411.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.0 6,720,000,000 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.9 56.8 33.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.2 73.0 47.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1­183; 1 = best) .. 159 Time to start a business (days) .. 96 44 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 446.0 68.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.3 3.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 39.4 74.4 Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 31 31 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. .. 18.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov't officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 8 123 7,503 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 3.0 5.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.8 21.0 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.1 19.5 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) ­5.2 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) 58.1 .. .. Deposit money banks' assets (% of GDP) 24.3 15.9 40.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 28.3 18.4 26.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.4 .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 19.6 .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 24.5 26.6 36.5 Real interest rate (%) 7.7 ­0.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 18.0 457.5 10.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 19.0 .. 12.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 856 898 324 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.1 13.3 28.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.4 11.4 4.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 227 Glossary Agriculture value added is the net output of agriculture (International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 1­5, including forestry and fish- ing) after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Bank capital to asset ratio is the ratio of bank capital and reserves to total assets. Capital and reserves include funds contributed by owners, retained earnings, general and special reserves, provisions, and valuation adjustments. Capital includes tier 1 capital (paid-up shares and common stock), which is a common feature in all countries' banking systems, and total regulatory capital, which includes several specified types of subordinated debt instru- ments that need not be repaid if the funds are required to maintain minimum capital levels (these comprise tier 2 and tier 3 capital). Total assets include all nonfinancial and financial assets. (International Monetary Fund) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio is the value of non- performing loans divided by the total value of the loan portfolio (including nonperforming loans before the deduction of specific loan loss provisions). The loan amount recorded as nonperforming should be the gross value of the loan as recorded on the balance sheet, not just the amount that is overdue. (International Monetary Fund) Business entry rate is the number of firms newly registered in 2007 or the most recent year available as a percentage of total registered firms. Total firms registered includes all limited liability corporations. (World Bank Group Entrepreneurship Survey) Closing a business is the number of years from the time of filing for insol- vency in court until resolution of distressed assets. Data listed for 2008 are for June 2009. (World Bank) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection is the average wait, in days, to obtain an electrical connection from the day an establishment applies for it to the day it receives the service. (World Bank) Deposit money banks' assets are claims on the domestic real nonfinancial sector by deposit money banks. (International Monetary Fund) Domestic credit to the private sector is financial resources provided to the private sector--such as through loans, purchases of nonequity securities, and trade credits and other accounts receivable--that establish a claim for repayment. For some countries these claims include credit to public enterprises. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) 228 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Ease of doing business index ranks economies from 1 to 183, with 1 being the best. A high ranking means that a country's regulatory environment is conducive to business operation. The index ranks the simple average of a country's percentile rankings on 10 topics covered in Doing Business 2010. The ranking on each topic is the simple average of the percentile rankings on its component indicators. Data listed for 2008 are for June 2009. (World Bank) Electric power consumption is the production of power plants and combined heat and power plants minus transmission, distribution, and transforma- tion losses and own use by heat and power plants. (International Energy Agency) Exchange rate is the exchange rate determined by national authorities or the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated in local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar as an annual average based on monthly averages. (International Monetary Fund) Exports of goods and services are the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of mer- chandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Firing cost is the cost of advance notice requirements, severance payments, and penalties due when terminating a redundant worker, expressed in weekly wages. One month is recorded as 4 1/3 weeks. Data listed for 2008 are for June 2009. (World Bank) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials are the percentage of firms that report that a gift or informal payment is expected or requested during a meeting with tax officials. (World Bank) Firms using banks to finance investments are the percentage of firms using banks to finance purchases of fixed assets. (World Bank) GDP growth is the annual percentage growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 229 Glossary without deducting for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method, is gross national income (GNI) converted to U.S. dollars using the World Bank Atlas method, divided by the midyear population. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes minus any subsidies not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, the World Bank Atlas method is used; it averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country and the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. (World Bank) Government cash surplus or deficit is revenue (including grants) minus expense and net acquisition of nonfinancial assets. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Government debt is the entire stock of direct government fixed-term con- tractual obligations to others outstanding on a particular date. It includes domestic and foreign liabilities such as loans, currency and money deposits, and securities other than shares. It is the gross amount of government liabilities reduced by the amount of equity and financial derivatives held by the government. Because debt is a stock rather than a flow, it is measured as of a given date, usually the last day of the fiscal year. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Gross fixed capital formation includes land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial build- ings. According to the 1993 System of National Accounts, net acquisition of valuables is also considered capital formation. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Gross fixed private capital formation is gross outlays by the private sector (including private nonprofit organizations) on additions to its fixed domes- tic assets. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) 230 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Highest marginal tax rate, corporate, is the highest rate shown on the national-level schedule of tax rates applied to the annual taxable income of corporations. (KPMG and PricewaterhouseCoopers) Imports of goods and services are the value of all goods and other market services received from the rest of the world. They include the value of mer- chandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Industry value added is the net output of industry (International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 10­45, including mining, manufacturing, construction, electricity, water, and gas) after totaling outputs and sub- tracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Inflation is the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used. (International Monetary Fund) Interest rate spread is the interest rate charged by banks on loans to prime customers minus the interest rate paid by commercial or similar banks for demand, time, or savings deposits. (International Monetary Fund) Internet users are people with access to the worldwide network. (International Telecommunication Union) Investment in infrastructure with private participation is the value of infra- structure projects in telecommunications, energy (electricity and natural gas transmission and distribution), transport, and water and sanitation that have reached financial closure and directly or indirectly serve the public, includ- ing operation and management contracts with major capital expenditure, greenfield projects (in which a private entity or public-private joint venture builds and operates a new facility), and divestitures. Incinerators, movable assets, standalone solid waste projects, and small projects such as windmills are excluded. (World Bank) ISO certification ownership is the percentage of firms that have earned a quality certification recognized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (World Bank) The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 231 Glossary Labor force is all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period, according to the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part- time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers and excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector. (International Labour Organization and World Bank) Manufacturing value added is the net output of industries belonging to International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 15­37 after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Mobile cellular subscriptions are the number of subscriptions--including postpaid and prepaid subscriptions--to a public mobile telephone service using cellular technology that provides access to the public switched telephone network. It is calculated per 100 people. (International Telecommunication Union) New business density is the number of newly registered corporations divided by the total working-age population. Paved roads are roads surfaced with concrete, cobblestones, or crushed stone (macadam) and hydrocarbon binder or bituminized agents. (International Road Federation) Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally con- sidered part of the population of their country of origin. Data are midyear estimates. (World Bank) Power outages in a typical month are the average number of power outages that establishments experience in a typical month. (World Bank) Private foreign direct investment, net, is net inflows of private investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital, as shown in the balance of payments. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) 232 2010 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Procedures to start a business are the number of procedures required to start a business, including interactions to obtain necessary permits and licenses and to complete all inscriptions, verifications, and notifications to start operations. Data are for businesses with specific characteristics of ownership, size, and type of production. Data listed for 2008 are for June 2009. (World Bank) Real interest rate is the lending interest rate adjusted for inflation as mea- sured by the GDP deflator. (International Monetary Fund and World Bank) Services value added is the net output of services (International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 50­99) after totaling outputs and sub- tracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Time dealing with government officials is the percentage of management time in a given week spent on requirements imposed by government regula- tions (taxes, customs, labor regulations, licensing, and registration). (World Bank) Time to start a business is the number of calendar days needed to complete the required procedures for legally operating a business. If a procedure can be expedited at additional cost, the fastest procedure, independent of cost, is chosen. Data listed for 2008 are for June 2009. (World Bank) Total financial system deposits are the demand, time, and saving depos- its in deposit money banks and other financial institutions. (International Monetary Fund) Total tax rate is the total amount of taxes payable by a business (except for labor taxes) after accounting for deductions and exemptions as a percentage of profit. For further details on the method used for assessing the total tax payable, see the World Bank's Doing Business 2010. Data listed for 2008 are for June 2009. (World Bank) Unemployment rate is the share of the labor force without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country. (International Labour Organization) The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 233 1818 H Street N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433 USA Telephone: 202 473 1000 Fax: 202 477 6391 ISBN 978-0-8213-8247-9 Web site: www.worldbank.org SKU 18247 Email: pic@worldbank.org AFGHANISTAN ALBANIA ALGERIA AMERICAN SAMOA ANDORRA ANGOLA ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA ARGENTINA ARMENIA ARUBA AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA AZERBAIJAN THE BAHAMAS BAHRAIN BANGLADESH BARBADOS BELARUS BELGIUM BELIZE BENIN BERMUDA BHUTAN BOLIVIA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BOTSWANA BRAZIL BRUNEI DARUSSALAM BULGARIA BURKINA FASO BURUNDI CAMBODIA CAMEROON CANADA CAPE VERDE CAYMAN ISLANDS CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CHAD CHANNEL ISLANDS CHILE CHINA COLOMBIA COMOROS DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO REPUBLIC OF CONGO COSTA RICA CÔTE D'IVOIRE CROATIA CUBA CYPRUS CZECH REPUBLIC DENMARK DJIBOUTI DOMINICA DOMINICAN REPUBLIC ECUADOR ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT EL SALVADOR EQUATORIAL GUINEA ERITREA ESTONIA ETHIOPIA FAEROE ISLANDS FIJI FINLAND FRANCE FRENCH POLYNESIA GABON THE GAMBIA GEORGIA GERMANY GHANA GREECE GREENLAND GRENADA GUAM GUATEMALA GUINEA GUINEA-BISSAU GUYANA HAITI HONDURAS HONG KONG SAR, CHINA HUNGARY ICELAND INDIA INDONESIA ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN IRAQ IRELAND ISLE OF MAN ISRAEL ITALY JAMAICA JAPAN JORDAN KAZAKHSTAN KENYA KIRIBATI DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF KOREA REPUBLIC OF KOREA KOSOVO KUWAIT KYRGYZ REPUBLIC LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC LATVIA LEBANON LESOTHO LIBERIA LIBYA LIECHTENSTEIN LITHUANIA LUXEMBOURG MACAO SAR, CHINA FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA MADAGASCAR MALAWI MALAYSIA MALDIVES MALI MALTA MARSHALL ISLANDS MAURITANIA MAURITIUS MAYOTTE MEXICO FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA MOLDOVA MONACO MONGOLIA MONTENEGRO MOROCCO MOZAMBIQUE MYANMAR NAMIBIA NEPAL NETHERLANDS NETHERLANDS ANTILLES NEW CALEDONIA NEW ZEALAND NICARAGUA NIGER NIGERIA NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS NORWAY OMAN PAKISTAN PALAU PANAMA PAPUA NEW GUINEA PARAGUAY PERU PHILIPPINES POLAND PORTUGAL PUERTO RICO QATAR ROMANIA RUSSIAN FEDERATION RWANDA SAMOA SAN MARINO SÃO TOMÉ AND PRÍNCIPE SAUDI ARABIA SENEGAL SERBIA SEYCHELLES SIERRA LEONE SINGAPORE SLOVAK REPUBLIC SLOVENIA SOLOMON ISLANDS SOMALIA SOUTH AFRICA SPAIN SRI LANKA ST. 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