64563 v4
  I WORLD MANOA #4
 Story by Annette Roman 

 Art by Leandro Ng 

 Ink by Sylvia Liu, Leandro Ng. Walden Wong 


 Tone/Elizabeth Watasin 

 Lettering & Sound EHectsjSabrina Heep 

 Cover & Interior Design/Courtney Utt 

 Logo Design/Mark Wasserman 

 Back Matter/Patricia Katayama 


 1 World Mongo is a joint project of VIZ Media, LLC and The World Bank.

 Managing Editor/Annette Roman 

 Editorial Director/Elizabeth Kawasaki 

 Editor in Chief/Alvin Lu 

 Sr. Director of Acquisitions/Rika Inouye 

 Sr. VP of Marketing/Liza Coppola 

 Exec. VP of Sales & Marketing/John Easum 

 Publisher/Hyoe Narita 


 © 2006 VIZ Media, LLC 

 The 1 WORLD MANGA logo is atrademark of VIZ Media, LLCfThe World Bank. 


 All rights reserved .

 The stories, characters and incidents mentioned in this publication are entirely fictional. 

 No portion of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or bV any means 

 without written permission from the copyright holders. 


 The World Bank and VIZ Media, LLC do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work.

 The findings, interpretations, and condusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not
 necessarily reflect the views of VIZ Media, LLC, the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments
 they represent

 Printed in Canada

 Published by VIZ Media, LLCjThe World Bank

 VIZ Media, LLC
  .O.
 P Box 77010 

 San Francisco, CA 94107 


 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Developmenl/The World Bank 

 1818 HStreet NW 

 Washington DC 20433 

 Telephone: 202-473-1000 

 Internet: www.worldbank.org 

 E-mail: feedback@worldbank.org 

 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 

 First printing. September 2006 



 [\J i z: I
   meDIa
www.viz.com
                     II             THE WORLD BANK

store.viz.com
PASSAGE 4 

CHILD SOLDIERS 

OF BOYS AND MEN
 TllAT'S WHeN YOU HAFTA TAKE A BUS
TO 1141: CITY TO SLIEIEP 50 THE REBE!.S
DON'T SNATCH YOU OUT OF YOUR BEt/!
       WE'RE ON YOUR 51()B!   YOU'RE SMART KIDS,
       WE'RE YOUR NBW PAPAS   RIGHT? GOOD KIDS?
        AND UNC~ES AND BIG    YOU KNOW HOW TO
             BROfI.IERS!       FO~~OW RU~ES•••?




    OF
 COUl~S~,
  IF YOU 

    GOT 

 RUL~S.
   YOU
  GOTTA
  HAVf
PUNISH­
 MeNTS
  FOR
 STUPID 

  KIDS. 

BAf) KIDS. 

  WHO
 BRfAK
  'fM,
 RIGHT?
F'EH! YOU DON'T FIG.rr
TOO BAo, BUT YOU'VE
   HAD A SOFT LIFE.
19
        -'Q~D
     ... - - ­       -~-=-
                 .. ~-

                  r I




32
 E                                          .                              .

~HILDREN IN WAR
<;. Today, over 300,000 childrelrare involved in armed conHicts in more than 30 countries around the world.
 ",       percent of the world'sitrmed groups have children in their ran~, including nearly half a million serving in
       .es that are not at war.·'                                .     . '.
  • Over the past decade, about tW(rriil~~~ildren and youth have died in armed conflict.
  • Another five million children have'been1e~ with permanent injuries.


  CHILD SOLDIERS
    One of the ugliest realities of modem wa(is the deliberate recruitment of innocent children into armed forces. In many
 tliOflfticts around the world, .adolescents and children-some as young as six years old-are given guns and taught how,
\tltfQrture and kill..' .,               .....                                                                                   .
•. ;, '!:tom Africa ~ the Middle Eastto Europe, latin America, and Asia, countries at war have seen boys and girls
   'lmga'ging in ~e combat or supporting armed forces in other ways, such as carrying ammunition or preparinq WOO.
    They spffer frCl'i! AIDS a.nd other diseases that accompany combat Girls are often used as sex slaves, or are afparticu­
     lar risR'clrape, ~ua1 Jlarlissment, and abuse. TorI) from their families and thrust in the middle of intense violence,
     many of tfie-cbi!!Jr:I:n wh<i.gJJyive armed conflicts are leftwith physical, emotional, and psychologicaf scars that affect
    them for the rest of their. lives. •                                                                               .


  WHAT IS A nCHILD SOLDIER'"?
  In 1997, an international symposium;sponsored by UNICEF and a~hild's rights organization was held in Cape Town,
  South Africa, to develop strategies .fOr preventing children from being recruited as soldiers. The "Cape Town Principles"
  that resulted from this meeting describe a child soldier as any child ~~n8<lSsociated with a fighting force. This includes
  girls who are forced to serve as ~ slaves or children used as spies, looksillorters, or in other roles to serve armies.
  According to these principles, a child does not have to use a weapon in order to be considered a child soldier.


  WHY DO ARMIES USE CHILD.EN?
  Armies that exploit children view them as effective, cheap, obedient. and expendable fighters. They are easy to
  indoctrinate and transform into fearless killers, through tactics including torture, terr,or, humiliation, brainwashing, and
  false promises of material rewards. Armies take advantage of children's innocent appearance. They send child units
  onto the field to mislead and confuse opposing forces. Child soldiers can serve as effective spies or decoys, or as
  advance troops in ambush attacks. They can also be very mobile on the fieldand more daring than adults in combat
  Many armies deliberately try to heighten children's natural fearlessness by getting them high on alcohol or drugs such
  as cocaine, amphetamines, or barbiturates.



      HOW CAN CHILDREN HANDLE AbULT WEAPONS?
      One factor that enables armies to use children. as soldiers is the technical advancement of small arms. Modern
      weapons used todllY are lightweight, portable, easy to u$e, and inexpensive. For instance, the readily available
      Kalashnikov AK-47 weighs only about 10 pounlk, or 4.5 kilograms. Aten-year-old can learn how to fire an AK-47 in
      about half an hour.



 HOWAlE.~::.CHILDREN RECRUITED?
  Various types of armed political groups, from government-backed paramilitary groups to opposition forces, militias,
  and self-defense units have actively recruited children. Most of t ' recruited against their will, some even
  kidnapped from their homes and schools. But many also "volunt             because they see no better alternatives in
  life. Their families may be too poor to afford food or a decent eli          the breakdown of communities and
,;1amilie~dunltgWilf'lhe~ cbild[en ~ltll'fl;to~Jorces as the only way to survive. Because they only know a
. culll,lreof viol!qceit!leywy develop a twisted1lelief that being a soldier will give them power and prestige. Some also
  join 'j{J take reven~ lor the loss of II relative or family member in the war, continuing a vicious cycle of violence.




·'AFTERWAR•.. 

 WHAT HAPPE,NS TO CHILD ~,LDlEItS WHEN WAR ENDSl
 Restoring the lil(fs''or~ren who havl!:~ the worst forms of brutality is one of the most difficult yet ,urgent
 tasks for count(ies that are coming ollt of",,~r. Until recently, though, child soldiers were not even recognized in peace
 settlements. amf;were lumped together with' adults as nex-combatants." This was partiV because countries did not want
 to admatl\eyi\sed child soldiers.         ",.
       For childsoldfers;.retuming to a normaflife is critical, but it is diffiClll& to reverse the physical and psychological
 effects of Viar. Now, a number of countries have implemented programs, ~oth during 3fl;d after armed conflict, to assist
 fomner child soldiers in recovering from,the traumas of war. acquiring new skills, 3fl;d retuming to their communities.

 REINTEGRATION PROGRAM ~lS:'
 • Help not onlV those.!itild ~oldiers who carry weapOns, but also the many more (!l)g~jn non-<ombat support roles.
 • Separate children associated ~h ilfrrted groups from their weapons and adult~~s:
 • Address the needs of girls affiliated with armed groups, including those sewally exPloited by the combatants, Girls
   often have non-fighting roles, ~nd; thus weapdns-coliecting programs may ~rlriok them,
 • Meet basic physical needs, inciudilJgfood, shelter, and urgent medical attention, Child soldiers are often
   malnourished and suffer from variol/s disea~, including sexually transmiHeddiseases,
 • Address and try to reverse children's deep psychological scars, including extreme depression, aggressive bellavior,
   nightmares, and learning problems. Counseling. recreational programs, and eduCational programs can'help provide
   a normal daily routine.
 • Return children to their families and communities, Unfortunately, families may be impossible to locate after the chilOS
   of fighting, In fact, ma'riythildren are left orphaned by war, Even if located, families and communities may be, ~elu~nt
   to accept fomner child soldiers, Reconciliation programs help reintegrate former child soldiers, Traditional methOds,
   such as purification.rituals, have also been effedive in removing the stigma of fighting in the eyes of the community, .

 HOW CAN THE RECRUITMENT OF CHILD SOLDIERS BE PREVENTEDl
 • Prevent family separatiotJs and reunify separated children with their families: Separated children are highly
   vulnerable to recruitment into military forC(!$, During conllict, separations are common, Family tracing programs
   have been successfuliV coordinated by various international and local groups.
 • Set up child protection networks: In the,Democr.atic Republic of Congo, Save the Children UK has experimented with
   Child Protection Networks involving II wide range of local partners, These networks work to prevent recruitment by
   negotiating with loca~armed groups and facilitating family reunification with children vulnerable to recruitment
 • Provide economic alternatives: Tackling the root causes of poverty and providing poor households with job
   opportunities can help prevent some children from enlisting in armed forces,
 • Provide children with educational alternatives: Children who are not enrolled in school are at a higher risk of
   recruitment. Schools can also educate children about their rights and about the risks of joining a fighting force,
   However, schools may also be targets for military recruiters,

 LEARN MORE ABOUT CHILD SOLDIERS
 Check out:
 www.unicef.orgjemerg/index_childsoldiers.html
 www.savethechildren,org
 www.dr.orgjpublication/9331/child_soldiers_around_the_world.html
 www.child-soldiers.org
 www.unicef.orgjprotection/index3rmedconflict.html

 FOR A MAP OF CHILD SOLDIERS, SEE;
 http://www.un,orgjworks/goingoll/iQldiers/childsoldiersf!:lap"html
             THE CONTEXT OF CONFUCT AND POVERTY 

                                                                                                                -




                                                  ~:our~1)fdlIldJOldjer5 on www.childsoldiers.org. Take the c(lnflie! quiz at
                                                             su~corifticVqtliiJphp. Follow e links in the boxes below for further information .




             Coming Next Isstre
      Rei learns several lessons
      next issue when he meets a
      group of girls who can't 

      wait to learn their lessons! 

      You think getting up in time
      to beat the first bell is hard?
      These girls have much
      greater obstacles to over­
      come to get an education!
      Plus, Rei has atransforming
      experience-several. in
      fad-and learns about the
      animal kingdom up dose
      and personal!

                                                                                                                                               1 WORLD MANGA:
                                                                                                                                                Passage 3: GLOBAL
                                                                                                                                                WARMING-The Lagoon
                                                                                                                                                of the Vanishing Fish



[)o   VUlt   ~.II""   '.'.1' II 1111111.11   r filii',' '"    I',   f   IIIoUI .11\ UII1I:11>'III' III   lworldmdn~il" VII   (om I f "I'IV   " 1IIIti ",I' '.\' I' d 1,/·I\IJI'.tlIV'
                            T
                                   eenoge OIp/JtIn Rei survives
                                   and guts on the ",., streets
                                                                w-.
                                                                 tJf"
                                   World. His fottDnes seen to look lip
                            when he meets a " . . . llratlger who
                            offers to belp him adJiefe Ills dream of
becoming the gre«est martial artist in the world... But Refs " . , is

                                       "'5
more interested in developing his mind. spf'it and-ughI-heart than his
thrashing, raging, fighting movesi And         tna!ilNfUms out to be a ff!d
animIIl/n fact, flei never knows what tIIIinItJI he's, . " to tum into next!

MercentHieJ kidnap our hero and ~Nm to fight in an illegal army side
by side rrItb oIher children ripped from tMit homes I11III ffIIniIa
StruggIJng/fIJI to sutvive from   ."to the". wi. Rei
be able to ..... let alone IttId his IfIort
child soIdiets safely to 1mdom'1