Supporting Gender in Sustainable Energy Initiatives in Central America, Volume II December 2004 Prepared by: Winrock International Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) Copyright © 2004 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing December 2004 ESMAP Reports are published to communicate the results of ESMAP's work to the development community. The typescript of the paper therefore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formal documents. Some sources cited in this paper may be informal documents that are not readily available. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, or its affiliated organizations, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequence of their use. The Boundaries, colors, denominations, other information shown on any map in this volume do not imply on the part of the World Bank Group any judgment on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The material in this publication is copyrighted. Requests for permission to reproduce portions of it should be sent to the ESMAP Manager at the address shown in the copyright notice above. ESMAP encourages dissemination of its work and will normally give permission promptly and, when the reproduction is for noncommercial purposes, without asking a fee. Contents Contents.......................................................................................................................iii Acknowledgements.................................................................................................... v Acronyms................................................................................................................... vii Executive Summary....................................................................................................xi 1. Background.............................................................................................................1 2. Workshop Methodology and Content..................................................................3 General Objectives ............................................................................................3 Specific Objectives.............................................................................................3 3. Workshop Outcomes..............................................................................................9 Case Studies: Observations and Recommendations ....................................10 Action Items Identified by Country...................................................................11 Exchanges and Pilot Projects..........................................................................13 Pilot Project Proposals.....................................................................................15 Actions Taken to Date......................................................................................18 Costa Rica........................................................................................................18 Panama............................................................................................................19 Nicaragua.........................................................................................................20 El Salvador.......................................................................................................20 Guatemala........................................................................................................20 Mexico..............................................................................................................21 4. Conclusions...........................................................................................................23 5. Recommendations................................................................................................27 Examples of steps that can be taken: .............................................................27 Support needed................................................................................................29 Annex 1: Agenda.......................................................................................................31 Objetivos generales del evento:......................................................................32 Facilitadoras.....................................................................................................34 Coordinadoras..................................................................................................35 iii Ponentes Invitados ..........................................................................................35 Annex 2: Participant List..........................................................................................37 Annex 3: Participant Surveys..................................................................................43 Annex 4: Gender Analysis Guidelines and Checklist ..........................................49 Gender Analysis Instruments...........................................................................49 Comparison of Gender Analysis Tools............................................................51 Annex 5: Case Study Descriptions and Comments .............................................53 Case Study Exercises......................................................................................53 Example 1: Photovoltaic (PV) water pumping for micro-irrigation of vegetables, Mexico. .........................................................................54 Example 2: Solar Villages, The Campamento Viejo Case..............................57 Example 3: Ecofogón, Nicaragua....................................................................59 Annex 6: GENES-ESMAP Project Indicators.........................................................61 ESMAP Gender and Sustainable Energy Project: Proposed Indicators .......61 Annex 7: Actions Identified by Participants..........................................................63 Annex 8: Bibliography of Pertinent Resources....................................................75 Web Pages.......................................................................................................76 Annex 9: Photographs .............................................................................................79 iv Acknowledgements This report reflects a joint and sustained effort among the various organizations and individuals who comprise and support the Mesoamerican Gender in Sustainable Energy (GENES) network, in particular its national and regional coordinators, and the energy and gender experts who were selected from the region to work together in linking gender methodologies with sustainable energy project approaches. Asociación Andar, Adesol Honduras and Fundación CORDES deserve special recognition for their enthusiastic efforts in hosting the three workshops in Costa Rica, Honduras and El Salvador, respectively. Fundación NATURA from Panama, the National Technological University of Nicaragua, and Línea Biosfera from Chiapas, Mexico, also merit special thanks for leading the coordination of their countries' participation in the workshops. Fundación Solar, as GENES regional coordinator, played a critical role in facilitating the execution of the workshop series, coordinating with all mentioned organizations and the three facilitators to ensure successful outcomes of the workshops. The authors would like to thank Fundación NATURA for the added financial support to the Costa Rica-Panama workshop, and to Vivian La nuza, GENES Regional Coordinator, and her colleagues at Fundación Solar for ongoing personal and institutional commitment, both philosophical and financial, to advancing gender in energy throughout the region. A special acknowledgement is due to the workshops' facilitators, Aracely Hernández from Nicaragua, and Diacuy Mesquita and Suyapa Fajardo from Honduras, for whom the linkage of gender with energy was a new concept. The teamwork that emerged among the facilitators and coordinators was remarkable, and sparked a lasting awareness of the importance of gender to energy and vice- versa. Finally, these workshops and the advancement of gender in energy in the region would not have been possible without the financial support of the primary sponsor, the World Bank/UNDP Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP), as well as the continued complementary support for GENES activities from the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). Both institutions seek to improve the ability of energy services to reduce poverty and provide means for equitable development through increased access by women and men to critical energy inputs. Their commitment to building regional capacity to enable this goal to be achieved is greatly appreciated by the GENES network and its supporters. v Acronyms ABT/ Winrock/ PAES Programa Ambiental de El Salvador. (El Salvador Environmental Program) ADESOL Asociación para el Desarrollo de la Energía Solar (Honduras) (Solar Energy Development Association) ANCON Asociación Nacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (Panamá) (National Association for the Conservation of Nature ) APRODECA Productores de la Cuenca Alta del Canal de Panamá (Producers of the High Watershed of the Panama Canal) ASCONA Asociación Sureña para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (Honduras) (Southern Association for the Conservation of Nature) ASEGICA Association of Gender Equity of the Electricity Sub- sector of the Central American Isthmus ASOCIACION AK Asociación Ak' (Nuevo) Tenamit (Pueblo) BUN-CA Biomass Users Network--Central America CACH Comité Ambiental de Chalatenango (Chalatenango Environmental Committee) CAPAS SC ARIC U.U. Capacitación Integrada de Asistencia Técnica Sustentable Sociedad Civil. Asociación Rural de Interés Colectivo Unión de Uniones. (Integrated Training Sustainable Technical Assistance, Civil Society) CEFA Centro de Estudios y Capacitación Familiar (Panamá) (Center for Family Studies and Training) CEMP Centro de la Mujer Panameña (Center for the Panamanian Women) CIDPA Centro de Investigación y Docencia Panamá (Center for Research and Education) CNE Comisión Nacional de Energía (Nicaragua) (National Energy Comission) CNFL Compañía Nacional de Fuerza y Luz (Costa Rica) (National Power and Light Company) COHCIT Consejo Hondureño de Ciencia y Tecnología (Honduras) vii (Honduran Council on Science and Technology) COMPARTIR ONG Compartir con los niños (Honduran NGO) COPE-MEI Comisión de Política Energética, Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas (Panamá) (Commission on Energy Policy, Ministry of Economy and Finance) CORDES Fundación para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Comunal de El Salvador. (Foundation for Communal Cooperation and Development of El Salvador) E&Co Energy and Company ESMAP Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (Programa de Asistencia al Manejo del Sector Energético del Banco Mundial) FIS Fondo de Inversión Social (Social Investment Fund) FUNPRODA Fundación pro Niños del Darién (Panamá) (Foundation Pro-Children of Darién) GENES Género en Energía Sostenible (Red Mesoamericana) (Gender in Sustainable Energy (Mesoamerican Network) ICE Instituto Costarricense de Energía LINEA BIOSFERA AC Línea Biosfera Asociación Civil. MEM-DGE Ministerio de Energía y Minas. Dirección General de Energía. (Guatemala). (Ministry of Energy and Mines. General Energy Directorate) MJMNF Ministerio de la Juventud, la Mujer, la Niñez y la Familia (Panamá) (Ministry of Youth, Women, Childhood, and Family) PREEICA Proyecto Regional de Energía Eléctrica del Istmo Centro Americano (Regional Electricity Project of the Central American Isthmus) PROLEÑA ONG con enfoque dendroenergía (Nicaragua) (NGO with dendroenergy focus) PROCCAPA Proyecto de Conservación de la Cuenca de la Cuenca Hidrográfica del Canal de Panamá (Conservation of the Panama Canal Hydrographic viii Watershed Project) PROMUJER Programa de Promoción de la Mujer Rural. Secretaría de obras sociales de la esposa delpresidente (SOSEP) (Program for Promotion of Rural Women, Secretariat of Public Works of the First Lady) PROGENIAL Programa de Género en Latinoamérica del Banco Mundial (Program on Gender in Latin America, World Bank) SAE Secretaría de Análisis Estratégico (Secretariat of Strategic Analysis) SEDESOL Estatal Secretaría de Desarrollo Social Estatal. (State Secretariat of Social Development) SEDESOL Federal Secretaría de Desarrollo Social Federal (Federal Secretariat of Social Development) SERNA Secretaria de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente (Honduras) (Secretariat of Natural Resources and Environment) SOLARIS Sistemas Solares de Honduras (Solar Systems of Honduras) SOLUZ Soluz Honduras UNAN/ESECA RUCFA Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua. Recinto Universitario Carlos Fonseca Amador. (National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Recinto Universitario Carlos Fonseca Amador) UNI Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. ­ Nicaragua (National Engineering University) UTP/CACH/BM Comite Ambiental de Chalatenango / Banco Mundial (Chalatenango Environmental Committee / World Bank) UTP Universidad Tecnológica Panameña (Panamanian Technological University) WI Winrock International ix Executive Summary 1. Between April and July, 2002, a series of two bi-national and one tri-national workshop on gender and sustainable energy was conducted for members of the Mesoamerican Network on Gender in Sustainable Energy (GENES). The workshops represent an important component of a project of the World Bank's Energy Sector Management Assistance Program ESMAP, managed by Winrock International in close collaboration with the GENES Regional Coordinator, Fundación Solar in Guatemala. Support from ESMAP is enabling the GENES network to undertake specific capacity- building and project development activities identified as priorities by the network, which receives complementary support from the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). Over 60 people from NGOs, universities, producer groups, government agencies and the private sector, participated in the workshops, which were held between neighboring countries: Costa Rica and Panama; Honduras and Nicaragua; and El Salvador, Guatemala and Mexico. This report provides a synthesis of the outcomes of these workshops, including some insights into how energy sector and development practitioners and policy-makers can begin to put into practice more equitable and needs-responsive development initiatives where energy of one form or another plays a critical role. 2. These workshops, held in Costa Rica, Honduras and El Salvador, respectively, were developed to respond to a priority need identified by GENES members for increased capacity in the region to better respond to women's and men's distinct needs for energy services, particularly in rural areas, and to provide more equitable access to energy services that promote development in harmony with the environment. Few examples exist in Mesoamerica of rural energy initiatives that have taken gender- specific needs into account. At the same time, the region is full of development practitioners well-versed in the theory and practice of participatory, gender-sensitive approaches to understanding community needs, involving men, women, youth and elderly in defining what is priority and what is not, and in determining the most appropriate solutions for addressing the most pressing needs. Many such development practitioners are not, however, focused on or familiar with "energy" as a need, or of sustainable energy options that could meet those needs. 3. Through these workshops, GENES members sought to build an understanding of how exactly gender effects energy needs; how renewable energy technologies might meet distinct needs; and how to apply tools and methods that yield more gender-sensitive, more sustainable rural energy initiatives. ESMAP is helping to advance these objectives, providing support for the gender and energy workshop series, regional exchanges, and ultimately pilot projects that will apply the learning and provide new experiences and lessons for incorporating gender in energy. 4. Participants expressed overall high satisfaction with the workshops, indicating that their expectations were largely met if not surpassed. On behalf of their organizations or institutions, participants identified concrete steps that they believed should and could be taken as initial steps toward more gender-sensitive sustainable energy project and program development. At the same time, participants identified synergies among groups with complementary experiences within the same country, as well as with neighboring countries, thereby stimulating several collaborations on specific project proposals, and the identification of further follow-up exchanges on areas of mutual interest. These synergies and collaborations have strengthened the national sub-networks as well as provided a clearer identity and greater cohesion for the network at the regional level. 5. Workshop coordinators expect that the resulting insights will benefit not only the participants and their respective institutions, but also the broader regional and global community that seeks guidance on how to apply gender in energy. xi 1 Background 1.1 During the GENES-ESMAP project launch meeting, held in Antigua, Guatemala, in August, 2001, GENES country coordinators validated the goals, objectives, and the central activities outlined for the funding being provided by the ESMAP program to the GENES network. The goals, objectives and activities were developed based on the vision and mission of the network, and priorities that had been voiced in previous coordinator meetings. These priorities were agreed upon by the World Bank Task Manager and the GENES-ESMAP project manager, Winrock International. 1.2 The overarching goal of the GENES-ESMAP project is to increase equitable access to sustainable energy by rural and peri-urban populations, so that available energy sources serve both women's and men's energy needs in the productive as well as domestic spheres. Specifically, the project aims to: · Identify, pilot and disseminate innovative energy techniques/systems that meet women's and men's multi-needs and uses, and at the same time are efficient, economically and technically viable, culturally and environmentally appropriate and sustainable; · Identify, adapt and test participatory approaches with a gender perspective, i.e. that work with and involve both women and men on energy techniques/systems for multi- needs and uses; · Reduce time use due to energy-related tasks such as fuelwood and water collection, and ensure gender-equitable access to energy for productive and income generating activities; · Identify constraints for introducing and operating new energy systems to meet women's and men's multi-needs and uses as well as opportunities for overcoming these constraints; and · Disseminate findings within and outside the GENES network, the World Bank and other international organizations. 1.3 Within this framework, GENES national coordinators agreed to organize a series of encounters and exchanges among member countries to enrich understanding and capabilities related to gender and energy. The coordinators decided that a series of workshops, repeated around the region for GENES member organizations, was a priority for establishing a base of common understanding within the network and a basis for taking action to apply gender and 1 2 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series energy concepts. Costa Rica, Honduras and El Salvador were selected as the host countries for three bi- and tri-national workshops, respectively. 1.4 While the workshops would be repeated with the same instructors and the same core objectives and agenda, coordinators agreed that it was important to include sessions on experiences specific to the participating countries, and to enable enough flexibility to respond to particular needs identified by participants. Reflecting GENES membership, some participants had experience with solar energy, micro-hydro, improved wood stoves or biogas, but little familiarity with gender concepts; others were familiar with gender-sensitive, participatory development processes, but had little information about experiences in the region with renewable energy technologies. Similarly, participants spanned a range of levels of influence, from government program planners to non-governmental development practitioners, university professors and researchers, and private sector entrepreneurs. 1.5 Two workshop facilitators from the region, one gender expert1 and one renewable energy expert, were selected through an open solicitation to conduct the series of three workshops. In this way, GENES coordinators aimed to establish consistency among the workshops; use resources efficiently; build relationships with local experts; and build capacity in each of the facilitators to address the other's area of expertise. 1Due to scheduling conflicts, the third workshop needed to be rescheduled to a time when the original gender facilitator was not available. Materials and concepts were transferred to the replacement facilitator to ensure the greatest consistency possible for the third workshop. 2 Workshop Methodology and Content 2.1 Through a participatory process, GENES coordinators developed the following workshop objectives: General Objectives · Motivate the incorporation of a gender focus and the use of renewable and/or sustainable technologies within the institutions, projects and programs of GENES member organizations, as well as other actors that seek to incorporate or otherwise associate with the network. · Present different renewable and sustainable energy technological options and their applications in the region. · Introduce the concepts of gender theory and their relationship with energy. · Examine the intersection that exists between gender and energy. · Initiate a process of increased involvement of women as beneficiaries and decision- makers in the energy field. · Establish a base of information, goals and initial commitments, as well as next steps. · Identify opportunities for implementing projects in the short term that can demonstrate the benefit of applying a gender perspective to rural energy initiatives. Specific Objectives · Become familiar with various types of renewable energy technologies, their applications and trends in their use. · Understand the principle concepts of gender equity. · Reflect on the relationship between gender equity, sustainable development, and renewable energy, and identify how key concepts of gender equity can be applied in the workplace and in the field. · Familiarize with recent advances in the gender and energy nexus. · Become familiar with gender methodologies, their uses and limitations. 3 4 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series 2.2 At the onset of the workshop, participants completed a survey2 designed to establish baseline information on the participating organizations, including whether or not they had previously participated in gender training or had experience with renewable energy, whether their institutions had gender-sensitive policies, and so on. Facilitators conducted an exercise to solicit participant expectations, using cards that were posted throughout the workshop. (See Annex 3 for list of participant expectations) A final survey was conducted at the conclusion of the workshop, in which participants recorded specific actions that they believed their institutions could and should undertake to incorporate gender in energy initiatives. (See Annex 7 for specific actions identified by institution) 2.3 Workshop coordinators aimed to combine theory with enough practical tools and exercises to enable participants to immediately begin to put the concepts into practice following the workshops. Due to a strong request by GENES members for capacity-building in the fundamental principles of gender theory, and to establish a common base of understanding, the trainers introduced basic gender concepts using a combination of presentations, exercises, videos and discussion in large and small groups. The trainers agreed that understanding of basic concepts and terminology is essential for effective communication on the subject. 2.4 Thus, early in the workshops, the trainers demystified the term "gender", which is commonly misinterpreted to mean "women"; illustrated gender roles, how they are defined by society, and how they can change; raised awareness of gender divisions of labor and how women often play a "triple role", domestic but unpaid worker, income-earner outside the home, and community care-taker; and introduced key concepts used in gender analysis, such as practical versus strategic needs and interests, and access and control of resources and benefits. The facilitators showed two videos3 commonly used among gender trainers in Latin America to illustrate socially-defined roles of men and women in the household and in the workforce, and how these roles can change with changes in access and control of resources and other influencing factors. 2.5 As the workshops progressed, facilitators introduced common gender analysis tools and checklists, most derived from the Harvard Framework, focusing on those that were simplest to apply while at the same time reinforcing important concepts for any development project to address (See Annex 4 for gender analysis guidelines and check list). Participants worked in small groups to apply these tools, first to exercises taken from gender analysis workbooks, and ultimately to actual projects with which the participants themselves were familiar. 2.6 The sustainable energy presentation included an overview of solar electric and solar thermal technologies; small and large-scale wind systems; small-scale hydroelectric systems; and biomass energy from direct combustion as well as anaerobic digestion (biogas). The facilitator presented pertinent characteristics of each resource, including its physical behavior, how it is measured, its reliability and its sensitivity to site-specific conditions; as well as basic system components, operations and maintenance requirements, relative economics, and common applications. 2 Developed by Fundación Solar (GENES Regional Coordinator) and Winrock International (GENES-ESMAP Project Coordinator). 3"Ana," a ½-hour simulation of rural life. "El Sueño Imposible?", a 5-minute animated film. Workshop Methodology and Content 5 2.7 The thermal applications presented included solar hot water heating, crop drying (e.g. fruit, herbs, wood) and water distillation; and efficient cooking technologies and techniques (low fuel use, low emissions, high heat transfer) including from direct combustion of wood or other biomass (dung, coffee husks or other crop residue) in efficient stoves, use of biogas digesters, and fireless cooking with hayboxes.4 Electric applications included water pumping; telecommunications; lighting; appliances for household use and use in schools, clinics or other community centers, and micro-enterprises; grain grinding and other food processing. Mechanical applications included grain grinding with mills driven by hydro or wind energy. 2.8 To ground the concepts presented even further, each workshop incorporated a technology demonstration and/or a field visit to a project site where participants could see one or more applications of sustainable energy technologies. The field visits provided valuable, "un- programmed" time for open discussion and exchange of experiences among the participants. In the case of Costa Rica, the workshop was accompanied by a 2-day exchange on solar coffee drying and solar cooking. The second and third workshops included hands-on demonstrations of solar (photovoltaic, PV) lighting and water pumping, and brief field visits to projects involving PV pumping and electrification; solar fruit and wood drying; and improved cook stoves. These visits and the surrounding discussions reinforced participant interest in conducting follow-up exchanges to pursue specific innovations in more depth. 2.9 Given the prevalent and serious problem of inefficient fuelwood use and associated respiratory illness and environmental degradation around the region, a third video was shown5, a visual synthesis of the first GENES regional exchange supported with ESMAP funds. This video shares experiences around the region in recent years with a range of improved cooking techniques and technologies. In the Costa Rica workshop, the GENES coordinator shared a video of a field project where gender methods have been applied in developing an "eco- ranch", including the use of agroecology techniques are being implemented by women and men. 2.10 Throughout the workshops, the trainers interwove the gender concepts presented together with men's and women's relationships to energy resources and services. Presentations and demonstrations on sustainable energy technologies and applications were interspersed with the gender concepts, and participants were able to see how women and men tend to have distinct needs and interests for energy services, depending on their gender roles, particularly in rural areas where division of labor is most notable. For those who previously were uninformed about sustainable energy technologies, their awareness was raised as to how certain applications might address one or more practical or strategic needs characteristic of women and men. 4Hayboxes are known by various names, but the principle involves an insulated container into which a pot of food, which has already been heated, is placed to finish cooking by retaining the heat already transferred to the pot. Beans, for example, typically require 1 to 3 hours of stovetop cooking, depending on whether they have been soaked prior to cooking, on their type and on their age. The majority of stovetop cooking time (and associated fuel use) can be avoided by bringing the beans to a boil, removing them from the heat, placing them in an insulated box or "tea cozy" that prevents heat from escaping. This is the equivalent of simmering. Some adjustments in time may need to be made to account for altitude (effect of atmospheric pressure). 5 "Intercambio Mesoamericano sobre Técnicas Efficientes de Cocción y Estufas Mejoradas", Antigua, Guatemala, August 2001. Produced by Winrock International and World Bank/ESMAP. 6 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series 2.11 The learning process culminated in the application of gender analysis tools to "case studies" prepared in advance and presented by one or two groups per country. In preparation for the workshops, each national network had been encouraged to prepare an example or "case study" project for purposes of discussion and exchange experiences. Group exercises focused on analyzing how the projects could be improved with a gender focus. Table 1 lists the case studies presented by each national network. Table 2.1 Case Studies Presented Costa Rica · El Acceso al Los Recursos, presented by Asociación Andar Panamá · San Vicente La Tranquila, presented by ANCON and Fundación NATURA · Experience of the Use of Solar Energy in the Indigenous Fishing Community of Playa Lorenzo, Bocas del Toro, presented by Fundación PA.NA.M.A. Honduras · Future "Solar Village" Project in Campamento Viejo, presented by COHCIT Guatemala · Case of Rural Services in Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, presented by Fundación Solar · Project "Post­ Mitch," presented by Fundación Solar Nicaragua · Introduction of EcoStoves to Ciudadela Tipitapa, presented by PROLENA Mexico · Growing Organic Vegetables with Solar Water Pumping in Chiapas, presented by Línea Biosfera and Fundación Solar El Salvador · Solar Fruit and Coffee Drying Program inChalatenango,presented by Fundación CORDES 2.12 During the case study exercises, participants were asked to use the gender analysis tools they had learned in previous sessions to assess how well the cases presented had addressed gender within an energy project, if at all, and how these projects and ones similar to them could be improved by incorporating a gender focus. Participants developed access and control profiles, analyzed practical and strategic needs, and considered other relevant influencing factors. The facilitators asked participants to structure their discussions by addressing the following questions: · What key gender aspects were contemplated--or not contemplated--in the project? · What were the impacts of having taken (or not) a gender focus? · Which were the favorable and unfavorable conditions that were present, are present, and which give potential for gender equity to be increased in this project? · What recommendations can be offered in terms of concrete steps to: ­ Improve the project presented; and ­ Develop similar future projects that are gender-sensitive. 2.13 The preparation, presentation and group analysis of case studies by participants proved highly useful both for purposes of having concrete examples with which to practice applying gender tools, and in terms of providing concrete recommendations to the presenting organization on how their projects could be improved. The case studies underscored the relative absence of a gender focus in current renewable energy projects and the urgent necessity that this signals for a gender focus to be incorporated from the conceptualization stage of any project. Workshop Methodology and Content 7 The absence of a practical methodological guide for incorporating gender in energy interventions was also made very apparent. A summary of observations and recommendations resulting from the case study analyses is presented under the following section. For examples of the outputs of the group exercises, see Annex 5. 2.14 Also key to the workshops was the topic of gender-sensitive indicator development, as applied to energy innovations. A few participants had worked with developing gender-sensitive impact indicators for their projects; however, as expected, almost none of the energy practitioners have worked with indicators that aim to measure socio-economic impacts, and only one or tow groups have tried to track even basic indicators on a gender-disaggregated basis. The workshops involved several discussions on indicators, including a presentation by Winrock on indicators developed to monitor the advancement of gender and energy in the region through GENES activities, including increases in local and regional capacity to incorporate gender in energy; changes in participation of men and women in project development and implementation; changes in institutional policies, practices and financial commitments to better meet women's and men's energy needs; and changes in the amount and reach of information exchange within and beyond the GENES network. (See Annex 6 for GENES-ESMAP project indicators) 2.15 In the Costa Rica and El Salvador workshops, respectively, two presentations on gender-sensitive indicators, one by a gender specialist6 addressing the stages of project conceptualization and development, and the other by an energy practitioner7 on initial indicators developed specifically for solar energy projects. Workshop participants agreed that more work is needed to develop a core set of indicators that can be relatively easily adapted to a variety of sustainable energy projects. The participants who have experience with gender-sensitive indicators development will serve as a valuable resource to groups that lack this experience, as they seek to monitor the impact of their projects. (See Annex 8 for a bibliography of relevant resources). 6Ileana Ramírez Quiróz, COOPESOLIDAR, Costa Rica 7Leontine van den Hooven, Fundación Solar, Guatemala. Indicators developed by Katja Winkler and Leontine van den Hooven. 3 Workshop Outcomes 3.1 The workshops resulted in new understanding of concepts previously unfamiliar or poorly understood, including the term "gender" itself, which commonly gets misinterpreted throughout the region as referring to "women" or women's issues, as unrelated to men or other family members. With this broader understanding of gender, and the exposure provided through case studies, technical demonstrations and site visits of practical applications of sustainable energy, workshop participants were able to identify specific actions that could and should be taken in each of their respective spheres of influence to ensure that both women's and men's needs are accounted for in energy projects and programs. Several collaborations were spawned to work together within a country to advance GENES objectives, and in some cases to work together on proposals for pilot projects to apply the concepts learned in the workshops and "learn by doing." 3.2 During the workshops, participants worked in small groups to apply gender tools and techniques, such as those used to assess issues of access and control of resources and benefits, to case study exercises as well as to the cases presented by their colleagues of actual project experiences with rural energy. These exercises provided insights into new ways of approaching project development. Participants also worked in groups by country to identify synergies and actions that could be taken collaboratively within their national GENES networks. 3.3 The bi- and tri-national workshop structure appears to have been very useful for exchanging experiences and building regional bonds. The workshops brought together neighboring countries that share many common cultural, socio-economic and environmental characteristics, so that participants could identify to a large extent with the experiences of others. At the same time, participants from one country could benefit from the differences in perspective and approach of the neighboring country. Numerous ideas emerged about exchanges within and between countries that could further facilitate practical learning and lead to specific project action. 3.4 Outcomes presented here include: · Observations and recommendations made in case study exercises. · Summaries of priority exchanges identified and pilot project proposals submitted by participants. · Preliminary actions taken by participant organizations following workshops. 9 10 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series Case Studies: Observations and Recommendations 3.5 Examples of the case study exercises can be found in Annex 5. Specific observations and recommendations resulting from these exercises and ensuing discussions include: · Incorporate a gender focus from a project's conceptualization through execution and follow-up. · Begin any project development process with participatory assessments with women and men to identify practical needs, and recognize the benefit of focusing projects on resolving those practical needs that tend to address strategic needs. For example, a project involving PV water pumping for crop irrigation, or a project on solar fruit drying, should not be aimed at growing and processing products for sale if they don't first address basic nutrition needs (of children, elderly, women, men). · Recognize that energy is not an end in itself, but rather a means for achieving better life conditions. The renewable energy projects should respond to the demands of the community, for better acceptance. It is important that donor organizations support both projects that respond to both practical needs as well as strategic needs, determined on a gender-disaggregated basis. This will significantly affect project sustainability. · Women should be included from the initial phase through the entire project, and should participate in the technical trainings. Technical field staff, producers, farmers, etc., should be made aware of renewable energy, with a gender focus. · Understand who has access and control of resources and benefits, to ensure that the projects will be fully adopted, and will be equitable. For example, in one case where women are in charge of irrigation for vegetable production, and a savings fund created to provide small loans to women in the collective, if men have contributed the land (from inheritance), the labor for the well and the PV pumping, and are the ones to provide financial support through various sources of subsidy or credit (only provided to men, as landowners), then a tension may arise if the men then have no control over the project. · Inter-institutional coordination is key for developing this type pf projects due to the socio-environmental context in which they exist. It is important to assess the positive and negative impacts of the projects to be implemented, to avoid resulting in a greater work burden for women (or men), rather than the intended impact of relieving time and physical burdens. Questions can be established to help value the projects, such as: ­ Who will benefit directly and indirectly from the energy project, and how? ­ What repercussions will the energy project have on daily life for men and women? ­ Who will be the responsible parties, or who will have control and access to the benefits of the energy project? ­ What activities will women and men engage in during the time that has been liberated by the energy project? · Indicators that enable project results--positive and negative--to be evaluated should be established from the very beginning. All projects should have follow-up and Workshop Results 11 evaluation to measure the degree and permanence of the achievements reached. If it is determined that the project lacks a gender focus, it is important to make adjustments to enable the project to respond to the practical and strategic needs of the community. · In an example presented by the sustainable energy facilitator, a mini-hydro project that was implemented to promote productive uses in a community appears to be very "successful" when the "results" are tabulated. They include impressive numbers on the number of refrigerators, carpentry shops, small restaurants, dentist offices, bakery, electric grain mills, solder shops, pool hall, gas station, photocopy shop, radio station and rice processing business, all of which appear to bring benefits to the community. Specific benefits claimed include a large number of permanent jobs created, night classes in the school, lab services in the clinic, and water purification. Upon further assessment, however, the questions arise about who is benefiting from these services? Who owns the businesses? Who accesses and who controls the income? What is it used for? The answers to these questions are invisible, due to lack of disaggregated data (a minimum step), and more generally a lack of a more comprehensive gender focus. By establishing gender-sensitive indicators from the beginning, the impacts of this project would be much more thoroughly understood. · The level of organization of the community is very important for the sustainability of any renewable energy project, and it has been shown that women can play important roles within these organizations. Renewable energy projects should consider/take into account organizational and enterprise formation and strengthening assistance, as well as training for personal empowerment with equity. · A methodological guide should be developed by GENES to synthesize these and other lessons in the most practical and accessible format possible. Action Items Identified by Country 3.6 On the last day of the workshop, participants were given time to work in groups by country to identify concrete actions that could be taken in the short, medium and long term, with the objective of determining which would be next steps to follow at which levels: by institution, as sub-networks at the national level, or at the regional network level. This visioning of actions represents an important input for GENES as a network, as well as for ESMAP, in order to best determine the best investment of resources and reduce inequities. 3.7 The following table synthesizes the concrete actions presented by the participants as a result of their discussions by country. 12 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series Table 3.1: Action Items by Country COUNTRY ACTIONS BY COUNTRY Costa Rica · Replicate the workshop: energy, gender and sustainable development · Hold an exchange on lessons learned with improved stoves. · [note that group exercises yielded mostly good lists of "who's who"] Panamá GENES-Panama: · Establish a training center of clean technologies in the Canal Zone. · Establish a community in the Darién province as a model for the use of improved stoves and biodigester, as a complementary component to an existing project integrating agroecology and school kitchens for improved nutrition. · Take action to include of Gender as a specific area of study within the post-grad and Masters programs offered by the faculty of Mechanical Engineering at the Technological University of Panama, with the support from other participant organizations. · Take action to include sustainable energy as a complementary subject in the Donations program (gender already included). · Work on policy influence, raising awareness of the existence of "friendly technologies." · Promote exchanges with organizations from Costa Rica, given the proximity and contacts established. · Develop joint initiatives among GENES-Panama network members within Panama, as well as at an international level with Costa Rica, with the aim of promoting development of marginalized groups and communities, particularly women, indigenous and youth. Honduras · Focus on a specific project to explore possible collaborations. Project should integrate gender concepts and sustainable energy technologies into an existing "mulit-use ecological [ranch]" in El Hábeas, Choluteca, with the aim to increase environmental consciousness, protect natural resources, and promote ecotourism and sustainable development in the surrounding communities. Project planning would involve the application of gender-sensitive socioeconomic studies and participatory methods. · The Honduran Council on Science and Technology (COHCIT) focused on its fourth "Solar Village" (Aldea Solar) project which it plans to use as a model for future Solar Village projects, taking lessons from the preceding three projects, as well as insights from this workshop. Workshop participants facilitated useful insights for COHCIT, applying gender analysis questions and analyzing issues of access and control to resources and benefits in the project. · Seek experiences with improved stoves; Eco-stoves of particular interest. Nicaragua · Create an "annual plan" for GENES-Nicaragua, based on the needs identified by network members. · Develop proposals to seek financing for rural energy initiatives utilizing sustainable energy. · Begin applying tools acquired in workshop to develop more equitable projects, while seeking further assistance in the incorporation of gender in project formulation, implementation and evaluation. · Hold exchanges to increase experience with application of gender methods. El Salvador · Identify and visit experiences with solar water pumping for crop production. · Seek assistance in revising project design to include gender focus, to integrate rural participatory assessments with a gender focus from the beginning of project development. · Present to GENES a proposal on fruit dehydration and coffee drying, to initiate in 2002. · Host visitors and share experience in solar drying with women's group. · Seek assistance in creating a network for women and men users of solar energy systems. · Disseminate information on the experiences shared at the workshop with other GENES members. · Synergies identified (beyond participants) included a large number of community-based organizations and local NGOs, as well as the environment ministry (MARN), two universities, and the El Salvador Environmental Protection Program (PAES) managed by ABT Associates and implemented by Winrock/El Salvador. Areas of expertise and experience among groups identified include: solar drying of fruit, coffee and wood (for furniture and crafts); water pumping with PV and with bicycle pedal power; and pedal-powered grain grinding. Workshop Results 13 Mexico · Visit projects involving solar dryers in Guarjila, Chalatenango, El Salvador. Invite decision makers as well as producers. · Visit rural education centers in Honduras (September). · Visit women assemblers of solar PV panels and of efficient wood stoves (EcoStoves) in Nicaragua (October). · Hold meetings with municipal authorities, as well as other social and institutional actors. · Carry out additional gender and sustainable energy workshops. · Gather information and research on the use of renewable energy in Chiapas and/or Mexico in general. · Identify and catalyze gender and energy projects. · Promote new membership in GENES-Mexico. Synergies identified (beyond participants) included several state and federal institutions with funds and programs potentially relevant for gender and sustainable energy initiatives, including the Institute for Women, local and municipal authorities, the National Forest Commission, the Institute of Natural History and Ecology, and the Secretary of Agrarian Reform. Some of these institutions have gender policies that mainstream the topic across all programs; others promote renewable energy and may or may not have gender-sensitive policies. Guatemala · Develop a map of actors, pursue synergies, and organize exchanges. · Determine the success and projected future of improved stoves programs, including results of studies by the University of El Valle and University of California at Berkeley on exposure to indoor air pollutants for different stove interventions. · Establish inter-institutional initiative on solar drying, including exchange visits to relevant projects. Of particular interest to NGO Asociación Ak' Tenamit in Izabal, which is already sensitized to gender issues. · Coordinate a meeting within the energy sector on policies and indicators with a gender focus, with key actors in the political, economic and social spheres. · Synergies identified beyond participants include: the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA); the National Network toward Equity (REDNA/Fundación Guatemala); the Association of Gender Equity of the Electricity Subsector of the Central American Isthmus (ASEGICA); the Gender Unit at the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food (MAGA); the Women's Consultative Group of the Ministry of Health; UNICEF; the Presidential Secretary for Women (SEPREM). 3.8 In addition to these group outputs, each participant identified institution-specific actions on behalf of his/her organization or institution, in a final, brief survey administered prior to closure of the workshops. Workshop facilitators encouraged participants to be as concrete as possible in identifying practical next steps that could be taken, according to the institutions' particular strengths and deficiencies, to approach more gender-sensitive, more sustainable development in which energy plays an important--if under-recognized--role. Participants were also asked to indicate the synergies that they had identified with other participating organizations, or with those that were not able to attend the workshops. 3.9 The results of this survey were tabulated, dividing the responses into the four basic categories into which they tended to fall: policy influence, capacity-building, project development, and synergies (though some responses could qualify under more than one category). (See Annex 7 for the results of the surveys, by institution.) Exchanges and Pilot Projects 3.10 GENES members repeatedly have emphasized the value of learning from one another by visiting field experiences. The workshops themselves provided brief field visits, which further underscored participants' interest in visiting other members' projects. The following exchanges were identified during the workshops through group discussions and less formal interactions among participants: 14 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series Exchange sought by: Focus of Exchange Exchange with: Costa Rica 1. Lessons learned with improved stoves. 1. Nicaragua (TBD) Panama 1. Improved stoves, solar ovens 1. Nicaragua (Proleña, Grupo Fenix); Costa FUNPRODA, Fundación 2. Biogas digesters Rica (Casa del Sol) PA.NA.M.A., CEMP, UTP, FIS 2. Costa Rica (Asoc. Montaña Verde) Honduras 1. Improved cooking techniques, stoves 1. Nicaragua (TBD) Ayuda en Acción 2. Solar drying 2. El Salvador (CORDES) Compartir Adesol Nicaragua 1. Application of gender methodologies to 1. Costa Rica (Asoc. ANDAR) UTN, CNE, Proleña, UNI, energy-related development projects. ESECA/UNAN, SOCODEL, CIAB/BICU El Salvador 1. Solar water pumping for micro- 1. Mexico (Línea Biosfera) Fundación CORDES irrigation with women's producer group. 2. El Salvador (CORDES) Winrock/El Salvador (CORDES) 2. Solar fruit drying. (WI/ES) Guatemala 1. Solar fruit and wood drying 1. El Salvador (CORDES) Ak' Tenamit Mexico 1. Solar fruit and wood drying 1. El Salvador (CORDES) Línea Biosfera 2. Rural education centers 2. Honduras (COHCIT, Adesol) Unión de Uniones ARIC 3. PV module assembly and improved 3. Nicaragua (Grupo Fenix, Proleña) SEDESOL stoves Key decisionmakers Users 3.11 As can be noted from the table, participants have placed an emphasis on learning more about improved cooking techniques and efficient stove technologies. Most participants consider the health, socio-economic and environmental impacts of dependence on fuelwood and its use in inefficient open fires as representing an ongoing, significant problem that hinders development in rural and peri-urban environments. Exposure through the video on the Antigua regional exchange to the experiences shared with a new generation of cooking innovations, as well as first-hand accounts from workshop participants, reinforced interest in hands-on experience and evaluation of specific innovations for the particular conditions and circumstances for each group. 3.12 The experiences shared in discussion by ANDAR-Costa Rica and in situ by Fundación CORDES (El Salvador) in solar drying of medicinal plants, fruit and wood, also drew great attention. Participants saw value in solar drying from a variety of angles, including for its ability to facilitate food security by lengthening the shelf-life of fruits; complement agroforestry initiatives by reducing production waste of fruits too voluminous to be transported to market; and spur micro-enterprises in value-added product directed at local, regional and international markets. 3.13 While the majority of regional exchanges focused on one or more specific technological innovations of interest, participants seeking to build experience in the application of gender methods tended toward local partnerships and collaborations with groups experienced in this area. Asociación ANDAR (Costa Rica) is one of the few organizations that has been working over several years in both gender approaches and sustainable energy. Though small in size, ANDAR can offer useful insights from its experiences working with men and women in agriculture and solar energy in its various forms. Línea Biosfera (Mexico) has built a similar Workshop Results 15 trajectory and base of experience in combining gender-sensitive participatory methods for identifying priority community needs and formulating integrated development plans, including solar energy for water pumping and micro-irrigation. Fundación Solar (Guatemala) has more recently been working to address gender issues internally, as well as developing an initial set of gender-sensitive indicators for PV and household energy projects. The experiences of these GENES coordinator organizations provide valuable examples for the region. 3.14 Other groups, such as the Panamanian Center for Women (CEMP), the Center for Family Training (CEFA), and the Ministry of Youth, Women, Children and Family of Panama, are examples of both governmental and non-governmental institutions that have worked with gender concepts, from gender-sensitive policy to indicator development, that serve as valuable resources and potential collaborators for organizations lacking this experience. Among the useful synergies in Panama and likely other Central American countries is with organizations and individuals who have participated in the World Bank Gender Unit's PROGENIAL program, which has worked around the region to develop sensitivity to gender equity within Bank projects in the region, including developing gender-sensitive impact indicators and monitoring plans to reduce gender differences that favor development and benefit all of society. Participants who have worked with PROGENIAL have developed valuable skills and can share insights on indicator and policy development. At the same time, their already gender-sensitized projects may be able to benefit from new knowledge of sustainable energy technologies and applications. Pilot Project Proposals 3.15 A few of the collaborations spawned are highlighted in the proposals submitted following the workshops, seeking ESMAP support of specific pilot projects. Proposals for pilot projects were solicited for ESMAP support, following each workshop.8 · Be complementary to a project in process or approved for implementation in 2002- 2003. · Be innovative in the integration of gender with sustainable energy. · Demonstrate the participation of women and men in the identification of their respective needs, and in the development and implementation of the project. · Show the expected benefits and impacts, with emphasis on women where traditionally they have earned less or had less access to resources. Among impacts sought are the following: ­ Reduction in indoor air pollution and improvement in the health of women, men and children; ­ Reduction in the time dedicated to domestic chores, such as fuelwood collectionor water retrieval; ­ Increase in women's and men's access to energy services for productive uses and income generation for family benefit; ­ Increase in participation of women and men in the decision-making processes related to the use and management of energy resources. 8These proposals were submitted to the project selection committee by mid-August, 2002. Final selection is pending. 16 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series · Be designed with indicators addressing cultural, environmental, social, technical and economic sustainability, considering the following factors: ­ The efficiency of the technological innovation, as well as its technical, environmental and economic viability (e.g. contributions from beneficiaries (women and men); micro-finance or credit mechanisms; operations and maintenance over the long term); ­ Community organization; ­ Social and cultural acceptance of the project; ­ Local resources and manufacturing of the technology involved, where possible. · Have the greatest possible potential for replicability. 3.16 Panamanian participants formed two proposal teams, each submitting proposals9 for projects that would address health and environmental impacts of fuelwood cooking, while complementing existing programs in conservation, in one case, and school kitchens and agroecology in the other. The proposal teams pair more technically-focused institutions with those that have had experience in applying gender methods, including developing gender- sensitive impact indicators. 3.17 Similarly, Costa Rican groups are collaborating on a proposal for an integrated development approach in an indigenous community bordering on Panama. The group would combine existing efforts and experience in solar PV electricity service provision of the national utilities, with experience from the NGO Asociación ANDAR in gender-focused agroecology projects, which include solar drying of medicinal plants and organic fruits for local nutrition and micro-enterprise, and involve access to micro-credit. 3.18 In Nicaragua, academic groups are beginning to share experiences in renewable energy technologies, on the one hand, and gender theory, on the other, to begin to forge new approaches, experiences, research and curricula to build a new base of experience with the gender-energy nexus. Table 4.1: GENES/ESMAP Pilot Project Proposals10: 2002-2003 Project Title / Institution / Country Proposed Project Project to apply gender focus in the context of Incorporate a gender component in an expanding and innovative project energy applications for production of [dried] fruit that gives value to agroforestal production through solar fruit and coffee and aromatic and medicinal plants, as well as drying in 10 rural communities. dried coffee. Institution: Fundación CORDES Country: El Salvador 10 In addition to the full proposals, two concept ideas were also received from Nicaragua with potential for future GENES support. A) "Fuel-saving Stoves Combined with Local Cookers," presented by Asociación Fénix. B) "Development of Coffee Hull Briquettes for Groups of Women in Rural Areas," presented by Universidad Autónoma de Nicaragua (UNAN). Workshop Results 17 Project Title / Institution / Country Proposed Project "Sustainable Energy Contributes to Nutrition Technical assistance for the adoption of an appropriate improved stove and Environmental Protection" and a biodigester in a rural school, under FUNPRODA's nutrition and ecologically sound farming programs, with the objectives of decreasing Institution: Fundación Pro Niños de Darién the following negative impacts: (FUNPRODA), with UTP, Fundación NATURA, · Health (smoke); CEMP, CEFA, Fundación PA.NA.M.A. · Fuelwood consumption and hauling for men and women; and Country: Panamá · Poor management of pig waste. "Improved Stoves and Community Participation Identify and implement an appropriate improved stove model for 20 in the Community of El Cauchal" families in a rural, indigenous community, with the following characteristics: Institution: Fundación de Parques y Medio · Efficient cooking; Ambiente (PA.NA.MA), with PROCCAPA, APRODECA · Conserve fuelwood; Country: Panamá · Appropriate height; and · Decrease smoke. "Hydroelectric Power for Integrated Community Strenthen small textile businesses through the introduction of a micro- Development" hydro system in 1998, and substitute domestic electricity for fuelwood use in a rural community of 80 people, through rehabilitatation and Institution: Biomass Users Network Central optimization of the 15 kW system. America (BUN-CA) Country: Costa Rica "Pilot Commercialization of Improved Stoves by Incorporate a gender focus in a project to commercialize the "Eco- the NGO Proleña" Fogón," supported by ESMAP/World Bank. Institution: PROLEÑA Country: Nicaragua "Capacity Building Courses for Women in Dos Create a permanent culture of eficient energy use through the development Asentamientos, Managua, on the Rational Use of capacity building courses for peri-urban women in the efficient use of and Advantages of Energy" energy within the household. Institution: Technological University of Nicaragua Country: Nicaragua "Implementation of Renewable Energy in the Obtain a photovoltaic (PV) demonstration system for educational Educational Proceses of Q'eqchíes Girls in the purposes, oriented principally toward indigenous girls in a rural Río Dulce region of Izabal" community. Institution: AK' TENAMIT Country: Guatemala 18 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series Actions Taken to Date11 3.19 Between August, 2001 and August 2002, support from ESMAP has enabled the workshop series as well as two exchanges, one regional12 and one bi-national.13 The impact of the numerous synergies catalyzed by the workshops can only be truly measured by the changes they affect over time. Follow-up has begun to detect progress on the specific actions identified by each participant on behalf of his or her institution, and by the country groups as national networks. The preliminary findings are encouraging; a synthesis is presented below. The outcomes reported here are preliminary and only partial, in that they represent a small portion of the GENES members and other groups who have participated in GENES-related activities in the last 12 months, including the workshop series and the two exchanges supported by ESMAP. These outcomes do, however, highlight the powerful impact of convening members from neighboring countries to share experiences with gender-sensitive methods on the one hand, and sustainable energy technologies on the other. 3.20 Some of the progress detected thus far will fit into the GENES-ESMAP indicators as they were outlined prior to the workshops; other steps taken may not fit well or otherwise register in quantifiable terms as yet. As evidence builds that actions are being taken in each country, previously identified indicators will be revisited and discussed with country sub- networks to determine how best to measure progress, from their point of view. Costa Rica National Power and Light Company (CNFL) · Head of the Department on Energy Conservation (which includes renewables) is supportive of staff receiving training and promoting gender issues within CNFL and its projects, as a result of the participation of 2 staff in the bi-national workshop. · Among the initiatives being considered since the workshop is the creation of a Gender office within the company. Currently the company does not comply with a law established in 1994, the Promotion of Women's Social Equality law, that states that all government-related agencies must have a Gender office. · Following the workshop, one of the two CNFL participants gave a brief seminar to fellow staff on gender issues, representing the first company-sanctioned event focused on gender topics. Most (~80%) CNFL staff are male engineers. · As a result of the workshop, CNFL has been working with the Costa Rican Institute of Electricity (ICE, utility), the University of Central America (UCA) and the NGO Asociación ANDAR, to formulate a joint project proposal for a "model community" with the following components: ­ PV household systems for indigenous community, provided as fee-for-service by ICE; 11As of September, 2002. Workshops conducted as follows: Costa Rica/Panama: April 29 ­ May 1, 2002 in San José, Costa Rica. Honduras/Nicaragua: May 28 ­ 30, 2002, near Valle de Angeles, Honduras. El Salvador/Guatemala/Mexico: July 9-12, in Arcatao, Chalatenango, El Salvador. 12Mesoamerican Regional Exchange on Efficient Cooking Techniques and Improved Stoves, Antigua, Guatemala, August, 2001. 13Exchange for Panamanians in Costa Rica in conjunction with bi-national workshop, including visit with GEF project on solar drying of organic coffee and hands-on solar cooking at Casa del Sol. April, 2002. Workshop Results 19 ­ ANDAR will provide capacity-building in solar drying of medicinal plants, along with assistance in gender-sensitive community organization and micro-enterprise development (including organic bananas); ­ Technical assistance from UCA on the solar dryers; and ­ Information dissemination and promotion by CNFL, as well as training support by CNFL staff in PV system operations and maintenance, for the women and men of the community. Asociación ANDAR, GENES-Costa Rica Coordinator · Asociación ANDAR has worked with CNFL, ICE and UCA to formulate a joint project proposal, per the description above, for an indigenous community where it has provided community development support. · ANDAR, has identified people from the water sector interested in GENES. Panama National GENES follow-up: · All participants (representing 10 institutions) have met several times since the workshop, and have instituted monthly meetings. · Six groups have prepared a joint proposal for an appropriate improved stove and biodigester to create a model school under a large program including an agroecological farm to provide a balanced and diverse diet for students and their families. · Have independently formalized the national network, and developed a Work Plan for GENES-Panamá (August, 2002). Details of Work Plan pending further follow-up discussions. Fundación Pro-Niños del Darién (FUNPRODA) · The FUNPRODA participant in the Costa Rica-Panama workshop reports that the workshop has totally changed her perspective on the way FUNPRODA approaches project development. She sees how institutional assumptions about what is needed in a community and its families may lead to failed projects if a concerted effort is not made to understand the family members' perceptions of their priority needs. FUNPRODA is thus now working on re-articulating their institutional policies and Strategic Plan to include specific gender-related indicators, including those that capture the needs and motives of different family members in order to guide project design. · As an example of a changed approach, related to improved stoves, improved stoves have previously been promoted by the Panama government's Social Investment Fund (FIS) and others, as a means to reduce deforestation in Darién's protected areas. Women were not very convinced of the importance, and in many cases have not adopted the stoves. In contrast, FUNPRODA has returned to communities to ask women, men, and children about the traditions, needs and impacts of cooking with open fires. As a result of discussing issues associated with fuelwood collection, smoke, sanitation, bent backs over the ground-level fires, and time requirements, all family members are expressing great interest in improved stoves. · Three stove models will be tested, compared and evaluated by women and men in the Darién, on September 5, including an Ecofogón (developed by Proleña), which was recently brought back from Nicaragua by Fundación PA.NA.M.A. 20 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series · The FIS planned to attend this stove testing event, with the objective of determining which model is most suited for school kitchens and families, as well as what modifications are necessary to make the stove most appropriate for manufacturing in the region. Nicaragua 3.21 National GENES follow-up: The network has decided to meet once a month. So far, all groups have arrived to the meetings held since the workshop in Honduras (May). Nicaragua Technological University (UTN), GENES-Nicaragua Coordinator · UTN professors from the Population and Environment Unit within the Environmental Engineering program held a brief seminar on gender and energy for undergraduates. · The Bluefields Indians Coastal University (BICU) held a similar event on gender and energy, for professors. · UTN submitted a proposal for providing training to peri-urban women around Managua in efficient fuelwood use. Proleña · Seeking to integrate gender focus within project being co-implemented with the National Energy Commission (CNE) of 3000 Ecostoves. Details pending. National Autonomous University of Nicaragua (UNAN) · Participant planning a graduate course on gender and energy within the Agricultural Engineering program. El Salvador Fundación CORDES, GENES-El Salvador Coordinator · A link has been made between the GENES network and the World Bank's Gender Unit, whose recently appointed focal point was closely involved in the workshop preparation. · CORDES is eager to implement specific projects, incorporating a gender focus to ensure full participation and distribution of benefits among family members. CORDES reports that the workshop provided useful tools for improving the impact of its projects. Current project focus is expanding upon a pilot project supported by the Austrians on solar-dried fruit, managed by three women. CORDES has submitted a proposal for ESMAP support to replicate the solar fruit drying experience to 10 additional communities, while taking a gender focus to better utilize women's and men's skills and interests, and to increase opportunity for both women and men through commercialization of premium value fruit products. Guatemala Fundación Solar, GENES Regional Coordinator · Fundación Solar prepared a case study for the workshops that was used as input for a paper on gender and energy presented at the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg in August, 2002, with support from ENERGIA. Workshop Results 21 · Fundación Solar was invited by the Latin American Energy Organization (OLADE) to attend a regional conference in Quito, Ecuador in October 2002, on the Energy and Environment Legal Information System under the new phase of its Energy and Environment Program. Fundación Solar has been asked by OLADE to speak at this event on gender in Central America policies, in institution, and in rural energy projects, highlighting the use of gender and energy methodologies and indicators. The University of Calgary and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) are supporting this program. · Fundación Solar has begun to exchange and disseminate information with the Association for Gender Equity in the Electricity Sub-sector of the Central American Isthmus (ASEGICA) and other organizations, such as the National Electrical Energy Commission (CNEE), Ministry of Energy and Mines (MEM) and the National Electrification Institute (INDE). Ministry of Energy and Mines (MEM) · The workshop underscored the learning that the Ministry has done in the relationship of gender to energy, through GENES and associated events in recent years. The Ministry is now planning the creation of a gender unit through which policies will be established both for the renewable energy unit as well as the Ministry as a whole. The Ministry has presented proposals to the Inter-American Institute of Agricultural Cooperation (IICA) and to the Central America Regional Electrification Project (PREEICA) through the recently- established Association of the Electric Subsector and Gender in the Central American Isthmus (ASEGICA), to provide assistance in coordinating the creation of the gender unit. Ministry of Health (MSP), Health and Environment Unit · The workshop reportedly opened a new panorama for the participant, who sits on the Consultative Council for Women within the Ministry. The Ministry currently has a policy on gender equity, and is seeking to incorporate gender-sensitive practices in all its programs. The Health and Environment Unit is beginning to incorporate gender through a household energy program wherein the Ministry expects to assist with the measurement of health impacts of open fires and related technology interventions. Ak' Tenamit (NGO) · Ak' Tenamit, an NGO dedicated to promoting the self-determination of the Q'eqchi' Maya people through basic education programs, plans to participate in and to promote additional exchanges that link gender with energy. · As a result of the hands-on PV demonstration during the workshop, participant reports no longer having to depend on the men in the community to maintain PV systems. · Ak' Tenamit prepared a proposal for a PV demonstration system to be used to educate girls and boys and their parents about alternative energy. Mexico Línea Biosfera (NGO), GENES-Mexico Coordinator · Following the tri-national workshop, Línea Biosfera met with women of a Chiapas community (Santo Tomás) where they manage a savings fund, which has led to a proposal from the women for a solar fruit drying project. Línea Biosfera believes this project could complement the market niche of a recent project supported by Línea Biosfera and the 22 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series Agricultural Secretariat (SAGARPA/FIRCO) in solar water-powered micro-irrigation of vegetables. In the last year, it has been recognized by the municipal, state and federal governments for its participatory community work, and has been hired to help with integrated development planning for the State of Chiapas, training trainers in over 45 municipalities in participatory methods and agroecology techniques. · 20 women from a second community (Las Canchas) in Chiapas are seeking support from the Federal Secretary of Social Development, through its "fondos recuperables" to receive training in stove construction and maintenance. · Línea Biosfera has identified interest within the Government of Chiapas and the Municipality of Ocosingo to work on stove commercialization. · Línea Biosfera has begun to work with the Government of the State of Chiapas to reassess its current promotion of one stove model (the "Maura") in the state. The stove model is beneficial because it is efficient (based on Rocket stove principles), but does not fully replace open fires due to its task-specific design (designed for one pot, for cooking "nixtamal"). Línea Biosfera, which participated both in the GENES-ESMAP regional exchange on efficient cooking technologies and techniques, and in the tri-national gender and energy workshop in El Salvador, recognizes the need to respond to all cooking needs if negative impacts, primarily on health, are to diminish. · Línea Biosfera is promoting a stoves/cooking workshop for the several organizations that are promoting improved stoves in Chiapas, including the Instituto de la Mujer; the Secretary for Indigenous Cities (Pueblos Indios); the National Indigenous Peoples Institute (Instituto Nacional Indigenista); the Secretary of Social Development; and women experienced with various cooking methods and stoves, among others, to compare technologies and approaches to technology transfer. This issue is gaining recognition as a priority in Chiapas, with 8 municipalities showing high incidence of smoke-induced eye disease, among other negative health and environmental impacts. Federal Secretary of Social Development (SEDESOL) · As a result of the workshop, SEDESOL is committed to funding at least one gender-sensitive sustainable energy project in the State of Chiapas by the end of 2002. A gender-specific RFP is expected to be released in September. 4 Conclusions 4.1 The first Mesoamerican series of gender and sustainable energy workshops has catalyzed ideas into actions, providing enough exposure to gender concepts and sustainable energy technologies to equip GENES participants with essential questions and tools to critically assess their work and explore more innovative, equitable and sustainable approaches to energy- dependent development needs. These events have increased the shared understanding of underlying drivers of behavioral change and technology transfer, and of the means for building solutions to priority development needs expressed by women, men, children and the elderly. 4.2 Most importantly, the workshops have motivated GENES members to seek change within their own organizations as well as through partnerships with complementary groups, to achieve change on a larger scale. The GENES network itself has been strengthened through the bonds established between groups, and the national and regional network identity that has resulted. The workshops also aided in boosting visibility of GENES globally through information presented and disseminated at the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg, South Africa, in September. GENES workshop participants are eager to continue sharing lessons and learning from others, within and beyond Mesoamerica. 4.3 The following points summarize some of the principle observations from the workshops. · Energy can be a tangible motor for development, to the extent that it permits an equitable redistribution of responsibilities (e.g. reduction in work burden through mechanized grain grinders, water pumps, family cooperation, etc.); equitable access (e.g. to new educational and organizational opportunities) and equitable control of resources (e.g. economic resources through the implementation of projects). Lack of energy results in fewer opportunities for women and men to overcome social and economic poverty. Thus, there is an urgent need to foster opportunities that enable benefits to be more equitably distributed between women and men. · Typically renewable energy project implementers have more technical than social science background, which makes incorporating gender into these projects significantly more difficult than introducing a new technology where social assessments have been performed. Meanwhile, there is little information available that helps to link gender and energy in a practical form. · The theory behind many development interventions does not always correspond to the reality of the field, and may not lead to changes in the condition and position of rural women as intended. Implementing organizations often do not reflect on how these paradigms determine 23 24 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series or influence professional practice and thereby directly impact the most vulnerable populations. · This formative effort to link gender with energy in Mesoamerica provided visibility to the value of addressing technical topics that previously had not been addressed from a gender perspective. The workshops surpassed the objectives in terms of linking two spheres that would otherwise appear unrelated--one exclusively technical and the other from the social sciences. This is reflected in the following observations and participant conclusions: ­ The recognition that energy is an element of development that influences gender equity, in that it must be accessed; ­ The visualizationthat in all camps of life for men and women there exist conditions that favor or limit the achievement of equitable development, as a result of the societies and cultures in which they are developed. ­ Negative impacts of new technologies can be reduced significantly by working with a gender focus, given that with a gender focus a gender analysis is performed. Such an analysis should be undertaken by the target beneficiaries themselves; the results should be input for establishing a response to the practical and strategic needs of the population. ­ The recognition that there is no universal formula for implementing gender principles in development projects. How the principles are applied will depend on the overall context as well as the specific practical and strategic needs identified by the population, if "desk projects" are to be avoided. ­ Given the culture of rural Central American populations, women's participation is very limited, especially in rural areas. Awareness building and social work to achieve more active participation by women in renewable energy projects. ­ Any renewable energy innovation should help to reduce work loads for both gender in ways that are compatible with the cultural values of the communities, including freeing up time, opening educational, economic, and social opportunities in which men and women can have equal access for the control and enjoyment of benefits. ­ The challenge is to develop a methodological base which links gender in sustainable energy projects, at the institutional and personal level. · The presentation of case studies facilitated the appreciation of the rich experiences in the region, which merit wider diffusion, and require more documentation and analysis in order to glean the lessons they have generated. In addition, the case studies highlighted sustainable energy interventions that hold great promise for meeting the practical and strategic needs of some populations, and may serve as a starting point for pilot projects. · The identification of local synergies creates new information about other important actors. At the same time, it became clear that there is a need to increase membership and visibility of the GENES network. · Bi-national and tri-national workshops offer a rapid and efficient means for the countries to exchange advances, methodologies, and information. At the same time, conducting these workshops requires a significant degree of synchronicity and efficient organization among workshop coordinators and the facilitator team. · Participatory processes take more time than most people and institutions have patience and budget for. This is true with the GENES network, which relies on active participation from a coordinator organization in each of seven countries, in addition to a regional coordinator. Their degree of activity is driven by degree of interest and leadership, and is constrained by Conclusions 25 inadequate access to communications, limited staff, extensive field presence (and therefore inaccessibility), institutional turnover, and lack of sufficient budget, among other factors. · The case study exercises underscored the urgency of working to develop gender and energy indicators. Significant advances have been made in developing gender-sensitive indicators, and the region is rich with experienced people and organizations that can help guide this process. 5 Recommendations 5.1 The actions identified by workshop partic ipants as next steps provide useful examples of how gender and sustainable energy concepts can be put into action at a variety of levels, from practitioners in the field to decision-makers in capital cities. This is a great first step. One of the great challenges of "operationalizing" gender in energy is avoiding the pitfall of focusing too much on theory, or on the "perfect approach," and too little on small steps that groups can take to work toward an "improved approach." Participants repeatedly commented on the value of "learning by doing." The following recommendations are made in this spirit, with the intent of providing project implementers and funders guidance on initial steps that can be taken to begin putting gender and energy concepts into action in the region. Examples of steps that can be taken: · Needs assessments. In order for energy interventions to be truly responsive to community priorities (and therefore have greatest chances for success), they should be participatory and gender-sensitive; should address access and control of benefits and resources; and should address both practical and strategic needs. For those "energy" practitioners who are unfamiliar with these methods, it is important to identify which groups have been active in the areas for which energy interventions are being considered, and determine whether they have performed this type of diagnostic or have the capability to do so. If not, independent gender experts should be sought to assist in such an assessment, while energy practitioners should participate and provide guidance on viable and appropriate sustainable energy options to meet the needs identified. · Impact indicators. If practitioners are to be able to evaluate the impact of their projects on women and men, they must track indicators that are, at a minimum, gender-disaggregated. As simple as this may seem, most energy-based projects fail to disaggregate by gender. In addition, attention should be made to how the indicators are developed--by whom and from what perspective. Some of the most telling indicators can be developed together with the women and men who will be benefiting directly from the project; they can be the best judges of how improvements in their lives due to the intervention should be measured. For those energy practitioners who are most familiar with quantitative, systems-based indicators such as numbers of kilowatts installed, it will be useful to work with someone experienced in more socially-oriented, gender-sensitive indicators, and focus on a few priority indicators at a time, if necessary, so as not to become overwhelmed from the onset with too many indicators to track. Finally, changes in indicators should be expected with time, so it is important not to get stymied by trying to find the perfect set of indicators from the onset; instead, they should be revisited periodically to ensure they maintain relevance to the project and community context. 27 28 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series · Project planning and management. Projects should incorporate a gender focus through all stages, starting from the planning stage. Up-front planning can help create an "enabling environment" for successful project development. Project objectives and indicators should be explicit in ensuring participation of women and men at all levels. · Capacity-building through workshops/training programs. The majority of the participating organizations recommended that the workshops be repeated for other groups that were not able to participate, among other reasons, to further demystify the exclusivity of the masculine gender in relation to technical areas (in this case, energy), and to further demonstrate that men as well as women, in their different arenas of interaction and in carrying out their socially-assigned roles, have some relationship with energy, be it as users, beneficiaries, or victims. The gender and energy training methodology developed for these workshops through a collaboration between gender and sustainable energy experts from the region, GENES coordinators, international development organizations and multilateral donors,serves as a useful base that can be refined and tailored to future workshops. · Capacity-building through exchanges. The Mesoamerica region is rich with experiences in both gender methods and sustainable energy applications. To avoid re-inventing the wheel or repeating past errors, and to maximize the degree of adaptation and adoption of appropriate innovations, organizations should seek relevant experiences from within the region from which to learn. In many cases, organizations from the same country may not be aware of each other's experiences from which valuable lessons can be gleaned and shared with modest resources. In addition, these workshops highlighted the extent to which neighboring countries have a lot to learn from one another; what may lack is the awareness of relevant experiences in surrounding countries, or the resources to conduct exchanges. Capacity building should involve a wide range of actors, from men and women from the community level, to project implementers and policy-makers. It is crucial for all levels to gain firsthand familiarity with real projects; moreover, learning and innovation can be greatly enhanced through interactions that are cross-level and multi-sectoral. · Policy influence. For a gender focus to be applied to sustainable energy innovations in any systematic, effective and long-lasting way, institutional and governmental policies must exist that reflect this priority. Such policies are relevant to both the internal operations and decision-making of implementing institutions, and to the projects being implemented. Organizations can start by looking at their internal policies to assess to what extent they are gender-sensitive in issues such as equal opportunity and pay, and participation in planning, decision-making and management. On the project level, organizations should review project criteria to ensure that gender is explicitly incorporated. Finally, practitioners should engage ministry officials and other government program implementers at the national and municipal levels to raise awareness of the need for gender-sensitive policies, both in the energy sector and in other sectors where energy inputs are particularly relevant. Policies should be screened not only for gender sensitivity, but for inclusion of sustainable energy as an alternative to conventional energy services that often do not reach marginalized populations. · Collaborations. Energy practitioners may perceive incorporating gender-sensitive, participatory processes into project development as a burden or daunting challenge, due to the tendency of energy practitioners to focus on "getting systems installed", and to the general lack of social scientists involved in such project development. Rather than becoming gender experts themselves, sustainable energy implementers may find it more fruitful to seek collaborations with complementary organizations experienced in such methodologies. If formal collaborations are too burdensome, energy practitioners should build technical assistance through consultancies into project development budgets. Similarly, development practitioners should become attuned to areas where energy inputs are critical to a desired Recommendations 29 development impact, and should seek partnerships or assistance from groups that may previously have appeared irrelevant to the development goals being targeted. Along these lines, greater attention should be given to cross-sector engagement--e.g. involving ministries of gender/women, health, education and water with ministries of energy, and similar cross- sector interactions at the NGO and field level. · Test, evaluate, modify--learn by doing. Take whatever steps possible to begin putting concepts into action, and learn through the process to improve the approach. Striving for the perfect approachat the outset risks never taking action. · Share experiences. Although few examples exist of deliberate attempts to apply a gender focus to sustainable energy initiatives, a range of experiences exist that can help illustrate the current gaps in project planning and implementation, as well as provide insights into things to repeat or avoid. These experiences need to be reviewed analytically, documented and disseminated to accelerate shared learning around the region. Translation is essential if the learning is to extend beyond Mesoamerica. Support needed 5.2 Specific areas of support are needed to advance the base of experience in Mesoamerica with gender in sustainable energy. Findings from the GENES-ESMAP workshop series highlighted the need for further support in the following areas: · Indicator development. Some GENES members have built capacity in gender-sensitive indicator development but have minimal experience with energy applications, while many of those with experience with energy applications lack experience with development and monitoring of gendersensitive, quantitative and qualitative, socially-oriented indicators. Exchanges or workshops focused specifically on indicator development that draw on local experience will greatly facilitate building of capacity within GENES to apply gender to energy innovations. · Practical gender and energy practitioners' guide. GENES members have underscored the need and the opportunity to develop a practical guide for practitioners in basic elements of applying a gender focus to sustainable energy for development. Similar guides have been developed in the region, such as the "Hacia la Equidad" (Towards Equity) series of the IUCN, which can serve as models and sources of input for such a gender in energy guide. ENERGIA's Gender in Energy Training Pack may also serve as a useful source of input (if translated). · Exchanges. Support is needed for bi-lateral exchanges among GENES members, as well as for broader exchanges that involve multiple countries and sectors, with diverse actors. Among the initiatives in which GENES members should participate is the Global Village Energy Partnership (GVEP), which is expected to include a strong focus on gender and sustainable energy. Resources will be needed to support GENES members to participate in regional conferences or other associated events. · Documentation. Resources are needed for documenting experiences, including, in particular, case studies that illustrate successful and failed energy proje cts, and how gender considerations have influenced those successes and failures. · Network operations. GENES coordinators are currently constrained by a lack of resources to dedicate significant time and effort to yield a fully functional and dynamic network, including such aspects as: development and management of a website with GENES documents, bilingual resources and regional events calendar; basic communications including telephone, fax and transport fuel when email is not 30 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series feasible or functional; hosting meetings; documenting and sharing experiences; staff time; formalization of network membership; etc. The workshops and exchanges held to date highlight the opportunity that this network has to advance understanding and experience with gender in sustainable energy, and to advance toward more equitable access for women and men in the region to valuable energy services. In order for the network to reach its potential, it will require further strengthening, with a focus on sustainability. · Pilot projects. GENES members have begun to conceptualize how they might apply a gender focus to concrete project initiatives. In many cases, the novelty of these ideas falls outside of the core activities for which the organizations have funding. Resources are needed to incentivize the exploration, monitoring, evaluation and documentation of new approaches through pilot initiatives. The first pilots supported by ESMAP will pioneer the way for similar innovations to follow. Annex 1 Agenda 31 32 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series Agenda Desarrollada [NOTE: This agenda, followed in El Salvador, took its form from the previous two workshops, which were very similar in content if not structure.] Objetivos Generales del Evento: · Motivar la incorporación del enfoque de género y el uso de las tecnologías renovables y/o sostenibles en las instituciones, proyectos y programas, tanto de los miembros de GENES, como también a otros actores que busquen incorporarse o acercarse a las actividades en el campo de la energía con una perspectiva de género. · Conocer las diferentes opciones tecnológicas de las energías renovables y sostenibles y su campo de aplicación en la región.. · Introducción a los conceptos básicos de la teoría de género y su relación con la energía. · Examinar el nexo que existe entre el género y la energía por medio de estudios de caso preparados por algunos miembros según sus experiencias hasta la fecha. · Iniciar un proceso de mayor involucramiento de mujeres como beneficiarias y tomadoras de decisiones en el campo de la energía. · Establecer información de base, metas y compromisos iniciales y próximos pasos delineados durante el taller. · Identificar oportunidades para implementar proyectos en el corto plazo que puedan demostrar el beneficio de aplicar una perspectiva de género a las iniciativas de energía rural. Lunes 8 de Julio 2002 TIEMPO ACTIVIDAD RESPONSABLE Llegada de Participantes e instalación en Hotel 21:30 ­ 22:00 (Chalatenango) GENES El Salvador Martes9 de Julio TIEMPO ACTIVIDAD RESPONSABLE 10:00 ­ 11:00 DESAYUNO Vivian Lanuza (VL) 11:00 - 11:20 Inscripción y llenado de encuesta Pre taller Lisa Büttner (LB) BIENVENIDA · Fundación CORDES, Coordinadora GENES-El Salvador y Deisy Cierra (DC) · anfitriona del Taller Mauricia González 11:20 ­ 11:30 · Línea Biósfera, Coordinadora GENES -México (MG) · Fundación Solar, Coordinadora GENES -Guatemala y actual Vivian Lanuza (VL) Coordinadora Regional de GENES 11:30 ­ 11:40 Presentación de la Red GENES VL 11:40 - 11:55 Antecedentes GENES - ESMAP LB Annex 1: Agenda 33 Suyapa Fajardo (SF), Expectativas, Presentación de participantes (Dinámica del Titanic) y 11:55 ­ 12:30 Aracely Hernández reglas de buen convivio (AH), Mauricia González (MG) 12:30 ­13:30 Algunos conceptos básicos de género y discusión SF 13:30 ­ 13:40 Video: Un Sueño Imposible SF 13:40 ­ 14:00 Algunos conceptos básicos de género y discusión (continuación) SF 14:00 ­ 15:00 ALMUERZO 15:00 - 15:45 Algunos conceptos básicos de género y discusión (continuación) SF 15:45 - 16:25 Ejercicio sobre los trabajos de hombres y mujeres. SF 16:25 - 17:30 Discusión y comentarios SF - AH 17:40 ­ 18:10 Receso y dinámica 18:10 - 18:30 Introducción al tema de acceso y control SF 18:30 - 20:00 Ejercicio grupal sobre el tema de acceso y control SF 20:00 ­ 21:00 CENA Miércoles 10 de Junio TIEMPO TEMA RESPONSABLE 7:00 ­ 8:20 DESAYUNO 8:20 ­ 9:00 Dinámica el Tamal Chalatenango (Repaso de conceptos de género) SF y MG 9:00 ­ 9:35 Presentación de ejercicio grupal: Acceso y control. Grupo 1. 9:35 ­ 10:00 Presentación de ejercicio grupal: Acceso y control. Grupo 2 10:00 ­ 10:50 Repaso de opciones tecnológicas energéticas sostenibles más comunes AH 10:50 - 11:15 RECESO 11:15 ­ 11:45 Aplicación de un sistema de energía renovable (Mini-hidro) y discusión AH Presentación sobre Financiamiento para micro empresas en Leonel Umaña, 11:45- 12:30 ER (FENERCA) y "E & Co." Lorna Li 12:30 ­ 13:15 Demostración de un sistema fotovoltaico AH 13:15 ­ 14:30 ALMUERZO 14:30 ­ 15:00 Tendencia de las energías renovables AH 15:00 ­ 15:10 Dinámica de los hemisferios MG Presentación sobre diversas metodologías de género: usos, 15:10- 15:50 limitaciones, y elementos clave SF Video sobre "Intercambio Regional Mesoamericano sobre Técnicas 15:50 16:20 Eficientes de Cocción y Estufa Mejoradas" 16:20 ­ 17:20 Ejemplo de una metodología: el marco de la UICN SF Trabajo grupal sobre la aplicación del marco de la UICN 17:20 ­ 20:00 (RECESO incluido) y presentación de los resultados. SF Jueves 11 de Julio TIEMPO TEMA RESPONSABLE 7:00- 8:30 DESAYUNO 34 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series Deysi Cierra y 8:30 - 10:10 Presentación estudio de caso El Salvador y comentarios Elmer Sosa Leontine van den 10:10 - 11:15 Presentación estudio de caso Guatemala y comentarios Hooven 11:15 - 11:45 RECESO Mauricia González 11:45 - 12:50 Presentación estudio de caso México y Comentarios y Leontine van den Hooven Trabajo en grupos: 11:50 - 13:30 SF Y AH Aplicación de perspectivas de género a los casos de estudio 13:30 - 14:30 ALMUERZO 14:30 -16:20 Plenaria: presentaciones de los 3 grupos SF Y AH Oportunidades para poner en práctica los conceptos adquiridos: género y energía renovable y sostenible · Intercambios y Proyectos Piloto GENES -ESMAP: alcance, criterios y fechas 16:20 ­ 17:00 · Seguimiento: indicadores GENES-ESMAP LB · Aclaración de dudas · Encuesta Pos-Taller: sinergias y próximos pasos institucionales (Incluyendo RECESO) Grupos de trabajo por país: identificación de participantes y exploración de sinergias: 17:00 ­ 19:20 · Experiencias relevantes identificadas por país DC, MG, VL · Actores nacionales, tanto en género como en energía 19:20 - 8:20 CENA Viernes 12 de Julio TIEMPO TEMA RESPONSABLE 6:30- 7:30 DESAYUNO 8:00-12:30 Salida al campo (Visita a 12:30 ­ 13:30 ALMUERZO 13:30 ­ 14:00 Evaluación del taller 14:00 CLAUSURA SF, AH, VL, LB Facilitadoras Talleres Costa Rica/Panama y Honduras/Nicaragua Diacuy Mesquita: Consultora GENES en Enfoque de Género (Honduras) Aracely Hernández Méndez: Consultora en Energías Renovables (Nicaragua). TallerEl Salvador/Guatemala/Mexico Aracely Hernández Méndez: Consultora en Energías Renovables. Nicaragua. Suyapa Fajardo (SF): Consultora GENES en Enfoque de Género. Honduras. Annex 1: Agenda 35 Coordinadoras Costa Rica/Panamá Lidiethe Madden: Coordinadora Regional GENES. Asociación ANDAR (Costa Rica). Olga Marta Cordero: Asociación ANDAR (Costa Rica). Yolanda Jiménez: Coordinadora GENES. Fundación Natura (Panamá). Honduras/Nicaragua Ethel Enamorado (EE): Coordinadora GENES. Asociación ADESOL (Honduras). Rosario Sotelo (RS): Coordinadora GENES. Universidad Tecnológica Nicaragüense (Nicaragua). El Salvador/Guatemala/Mexico Deysi Cierra: Coordinadora GENES. Fundación CORDES (El Salvador). Roberto Aguilar: Comité Ambiental de Chalatenango Mauricia González : Coordinadora GENES. Línea Biosfera (México). Todos talleres Vivian Lanuza Monge: Coordinadora Regional GENES. Fundación Solar (Guatemala). Lisa Büttner: Coordinadora Proyecto ESMAP ­ GENES, Winrock International (EEUU). Ponentes Invitados Costa Rica/Panamá Oscar Coto: Invitado especial con el tema de Uso de la Energía renovable a nivel nacional para la energización rural. Ileana Ramírez: Invitada especial con el tema indicadores de género en proyectos ambientales. El Salvador/Guatemala/Mexico Lorna Li: Oficial de Inversiones, E&Co. Invitada especial con el tema de financiamiento para empresas en ER. Leonel Umaña Fonseca: Oficial de Energía Renovable, BUN-CA (Biomass Users' Network). Annex 2 Participant List 37 38 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series GENES-ESMAP Gender & Sustainable Energy Workshop Participants* NOMBRE ORGANIZACION CARGO TELEFONO EMAIL Costa Rica Cod. Pais: 506 Arias A., Alexandra Instituto 220-6315 aarias@ice.go.cr Costarricense de Electricidad. ICE Brenes Barrantes, Gretel Asc. Montaña Verde 771-8431 monver@racsa.co.cr Cordero H., Olga Marta Asociación Andar 283-0444 omlch@hotmail.com 273-3168 Li, Lorna E&Co. 296-3532 lornali@energyhouse.com Lorio Montero, Lilliam Compañía Nacional 295-5125 llorio@cnfl.go.cr , de Fuerza y Luz llilliam@hotmail.com (CNFL) Marín Waisa, Otilia A través de Lidiethe 283-0844 andarcr@racsa.co.cr en Andar 381- 9893 Mora Pacheco, Misael Instituto 220-6955 mmora@ice.go.cr Costarricense de Energía (ICE) Moya Montero, Roberto J Departamento de 277-3345 rmoya@una.ac.cr Física Universidad Nacional Rodríguez Valverde, Compañía Nacional Oficial de 295-5125 vrodriguez@cnfl.go.cr Victoria de Fuerza y Luz Inversiones 257-3770 -fax (CNFL) Umaña Fonseca, Leonel Biomass Users Oficial Energia 283-8835 lumana@bun0ca.org Network (BUN-CA) Renovable El Salvador Cod. Pais: 503 Aguilar Alvarez, José Comite Ambiental de Relaciones y gestión sroberto99@yahoo.com Chalatenango/ Banco Mundial (UTF/CACH/BM) Cierra, Deysi E. Fundación para la Coordinadora f.cordes@navegante.com.sv Cooperación y el Programa Desarrollo Agropecuario Comunal/Comité Región Ambiental de Chalatenango (CORDES/CACH) Navarro, Yesenia E. Programa Ambiental Extensionista 335-7132 de El Salvador (ABT/ Winrock/ PAES) Rivera, Sandra Comité Ambiental de elcach@navegante.com.sv Chalatenango (CACH) Cimaron Sosa Menjivar, Elmer Fundación para la Técnico 335-2103 f.cordes@navegante.com.sv Enrique Cooperación y el Agropecuario Desarrollo Comunal (CORDES) Chalatenango Annex 2: Participant List 39 Guatemala Cod. Pais: 502 Bolon Maas, María Asociación AK Coordinadora de la 908-3392 Tenamit Izabal clinica 908-4358 Livingston Guzman Valiente, Argelia Promujer Jefe de la Unidad de 220-1821 al 27 Capacitación Laboral Lanuza Monge, Vivian Fundación Solar Cordinadora 360-1172 viviland@intelnet.net.gt Regional Genes Méndez C., Nely Aracely Ministerio de Salud Responsiable Educ. 332-1279 mspambiente@itelgua.com Pública y Asistericia Sanitaria y 334-8262 Social Ambiental Poma C., María Fundación Solar Especialista en 360-1172 abigailpoma@hotmail.com Desarrollo Quemé Pac, Sergio Ministerio de Energia Asesor Técnico rrenovabledge@m2m.gob.gt (MEM) Rivera, Noelle Fundación Solar Consultora 413-7045 mnrx242@yahoo.com educación Tayes, Julio Cesar Secretaría de Análisis Analista Energia y 232-3002 ext Jtayes@hotmail.com Estratégico (SAE) Ambiente 1423 van den Hooven, Fundación Solar Coordinadora 360-1172 Leontine@intelnet.net.gt Leontine Género Honduras Cod. Pais: 504 Avila, Hernan Javier Ayuda en Acción Oficial de Proyecto 232-3324 aea@sdnhon.org.hn Fax: 239-3394 Benitez, Patricia Cambio Cimático, Asistente Coord. 235-5719 cclima@sdnhon.org.hn Secretaria de Talleres Fax: 235-5719- Recursos Naturales y Ambiente (SERENA) Enamorado, Ethel Ines Asociación para el Administradora 232-3324 adesol@sdnhon.org.hn Desarrollo de la Fax: 239-5691 Energía Solar (ADESOL) Escalante, Carmen Sulay ADESOL Asistente Admón 232-3324 adesol@sdnhon.org.hn Fax: 239-5691 Fajardo, Suyapa Consultora en 985-1226 monse56@hondutel.hn Género Koehling, Cristian Solaris Depto Técnico 239-8213 solaris@abm.hn Fax: 232-0186 Medrano, Juan ADESOL Presidente Junta 232-3324 adesol@sdnhon.org.hn Directiva Fax: 239-5691 Mártinez, Reina Leticia ONG Compartir con Educadora Social 239-2587 compartir@sdnhon.org.hn los niños Fax: 230-4896 (COMPARTIR) Mesquita, Diacuy Proyecto Regional de Especialista en 225-1914 preeica@sigmanet.hn Energía Eléctrica del Genero Fax: 232-4193 Istmo Centro Americano (PREEICA) Mourra, Rene Asociación Sureña Director Ejecutivo 882-4768 jrmourra@terra.com para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (ASCONA) Solis, Diana Soluz Honduras Directora Enlaces 557-5127 soluz@netsys.hn Fax: 557-5129 Velasquez, Carlos Consejo Hondureño Asesor Educativo 233-9644 de Ciencia y Fax: 231-5186 Tecnología (COHCIT) Mexico Cod. Pais: 52 Estada Soto, Ricardo Secretaría de Asesor en asuntos 9616122228 sottodav@hotmail.com 40 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series David Desarrollo Social sociales (SEDESOL) Federal Gonzalez G., Mauricia E. Línea Biosfera Cordinadora Genes 9616113876 capassc@hotmail.com Asociación Civil. Santiz López, Natalia Secretaría de Promotora Social 9677061243 Desarrollo Social (SEDESOL) Estatal Vásquez Mendoza, Capacitación araocii@hotmail.com Roberto Integrada de Asistencia Técnica Sustentable Sociedad Civil. Asociación Rural de Interés Colectivo Unión de Uniones (CAPAS SC ARIC U.U.) Nicaragua Cod. Pais: 505 Buitrago, Marling ONG con enfoque Jefe de Produccion 249-0116 prolena@sdnnic.org.n dendroenergía Fax: 249-0116 (PROLENA) Castillo, Maria Teresa Universidad N. De Investigadora en 278-1463 ecomaria@juno.com Ingenieria Energia Fax: 278-3133 Davila Espinoza, Lucia Directora, CIAB Bluefields Indians C. 822-1116 bicu@ibw.com.ni BICU Universidad Fax: 822-1277 Cruz Gámez, Jilma SOCODEL Sociedad Doordinadora 280-0461 jxcruz@ibw.com.ni Consultore Proyectos Fax: same Guevara, Irene Mariana Universidad Nacional Directora, ESECA 249-7069 eseca@sdnnic.org.ni Autónoma de Fax: 249-7271 Nicaragua. Recinto Universitario Carlos Fonseca Amador.(UNAN/ ESECA RUCFA Hernandez, Aracely Comision Nacional Ing. De Proyectos 222-5576 erural5@cne.gob.ni de Energia Mairena, Marcos Centro Humboldt Coordinador de 249-8942 humboldt@ibw.com.ni Campana Quintana, José Alejandro Universidad Decano-Consultor de 278-0889 utn@ibw.com.ni Tecnologica UTN Proy Fax: 278-7366 Sirias, Angélica E. Comisión Nacional Extensionista Rural 222-5579 dendroenegia@cne.gob.ni de Energía (CNE) Fax: 222-2649 Sotelo C., Rosario Universidad Secretaria Gral. 278-7366 utn@ibw.com.ni Tecnologica UTN Invest. Energia Fax: 278-7366 Annex 2: Participant List 41 Panama Cod. Pais: 507 Aguilar, Orlando A Universidad 236-4734 oaguilar@fim.utp.ac.pa Tecnológica Fax: 236- 4743 panameña. (UTP- BUNCA) Aguilar P., Rosario Fundación pro niños 264-4333 raguilar60@hotmail.com del Darien. (FUNPRODA) De Rodríguez, Mirna C. Ministerio de la (507) 279- dinamur@sinfo.net Juventud, la Mujer, la 1532 Niñez y la Familia Del Castillo S., V Comisión de Política 264-3337 Age_55@hotmail.com Energética, 269-3123 Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas (COPE-MEI) González, Erica Fundación Parques Nacionales y Medio Ambiente (Fundación PA.NA.M.A.) Jiménez M., Yolanda Fundación Natura 232-7615 232-7616 Moreno R, Cecilia Centro de la Mujer 235-1350 cemp76@hotmail.com Panameña (CEMP) Fax: 235-1027 Pitty Pinto, Edisa María Asociación Nacional 314-0060 edisap@hotmail.com para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (ANCON) Rodríguez L, Araceli Centro de 228-2354 cidpa@yahoo.com Investigación y aracelirogdriguez14@hotm Docencia Panamá ail.com (CIDPA) Santamaría, Rudy Centro de Estudios y 223-5220 cefa@sinfo.net Capacitación Familiar fax: 223-3693 (CEFA) United States of America Cod. Pais: 1 Büttner, Lisa Winrock International 703-525-9430 lbuttner@winrock.org (WI) Gregory, Johanna Winrock International 703-525-9430 jgregory@winrock.org (WI) *Note that for conflicts that arose in El Salvador and Mexico, several confirmed participants were not able to attend at the last minute. Annex 3 Participant Surveys ENCUESTA Taller bi--nacional de capacitación en Energía Sostenible y Género: Costa Rica y Panamá para la Red Mesoamerica de Género en Energía Sostenible (GENES) San José, Costa Rica, 29 de abril al 1 de mayo, 2002 1. ¿Cuáles son sus motives principales para participar en este taller? 2. ¿Cuáles son sus expectativas para el taller? 3. ¿A qué se dedica su organización? Indica el tipo de organización: ONG Sector privado Gobernamental 43 44 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series 4. ¿De qué manera anticipa que un mayor conocimiento de los principios de género y energía podría influir a su institución y su trabajo? 5. ¿Ha su persona o otro personal de su institución conducido y/o participado en algún taller previo sobre [indique todos aplicables]: Género Sí ? No ? Energía sostenible Sí ? No ? Género y energía Sí ? No ? Favor de especificar: __________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 6. ¿Ha su persona u otro personal recibido capacitación previa en: Género Sí ? No ? Energía sostenible Sí ? No ? Género y energía Sí ? No ? Favor de especificar: 7. ¿Tiene su organización algún personal dedicado (tiempo completo o medio tiempo) a: Género Sí ? No ? Energía sostenible Sí ? No ? Género y energía Sí ? No ? 8. ¿Tiene su institución actualmente algún proyecto que intenta incorporar género con energía? Sí ? No ? En caso de sí, favor describir brevemente el propósito del proyecto: En caso de no, favor de indicar por qué no, inclusive si perciba algunas barreras en particular que inhiben este tipo de iniciativa: Annex3: Participant Surveys 45 9. ¿Tiene su institución algún plan para dedicar fondos institucionales (o para recaudar dichos fondos) para la implementación de algún proyecto que incorpore género y energía sostenible? Sí ? No ? En caso de sí, favor de describir: En caso de no, favor de indicar por qué no, inclusive si perciba algunas barreras en particular que inhiben este tipo de iniciativa: 10. ¿Tiene su institución políticas o procedimientos que reflejan algún apoyo institucional para género? Para género y energía? Sí ? No ? Favor de detallar: 11. ¿Cuál compromiso financiero ha hecho su organización para incorporar perspectivas de género y energía en su trabajo? 46 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series 12. Recibe su organización el Boletín ["La Chispa"] de GENES? Sí ? No ? ¿Por cuál medio? Correo electrónico ? Correo regular ? Internet ? Otro (especifique): _____________________ 13. ¿Cuál información es la más útil? 14. ¿Tiene alguna sugerencia de modificaciones que haría el Boletín más responsivo a sus necesidades? 15. ¿Con qué frecuencia se reune su red nacional? Annex3: Participant Surveys 47 Red Mesoamericana de Género en Energía Sostenible (GENES) ENCUESTA Pos-Taller GENES--ESMAP Taller bi-nacional de capacitación en Energía Sostenible y Género: Costa Rica y Panamá San José, Costa Rica, 29 de abril al 1 de mayo, 2002 Nombre: _______________________________________ Institución: _____________________________________ Un objetivo central para este taller ha sido de identificar oportunidades concretas para echar andar la aplicación de una perspectiva de género en el ámbito de energía rural o bien, incorporar alguna innovación de energía sostenible a un ámbito ya sensibilizado a género, con el fin de lograr una mayor equidad y eficiencia de desarrollo rural para mujeres, hombres y sus familias. Hacia ese fin, favor de apuntar unas acciones concretas como primeros paso que usted considere posible tomar dentro su institución y su trabajo, en el corto a mediano plazo. Se pide incluir cualquier sinergia que se ha detectado con otras instituciones para potenciar a dichas acciones. Annex 4 Gender Analysis Guidelines and Checklist Gender Analysis Instruments (roughly translated from presentation by facilitator Diacuy Mesquita) A.4.1 Various instruments exist for carrying out gender analysis. The following is an illustration of a framework developed by the World Conservation Union (IUCN). In Latin America, the IUCN has been particularly active, working in a participatory way to develop a series of modules, "Toward Equity", that facilitate the incorporation of a gender focus in various facets, from within institutional organization, to indicator development, and rural participatory assessments. Instrument presented by IUCN Variables that intervene in gender relations Check List: in the community, from the point of view of development: · Division of Labor: Who does what? · Sources of Income: Who receives · Socioeconomic environment salaries or other type of income? · Division of labor by gender · Spending patterns: Who is responsible · Access and control of resources and for what expenditures? benefits · Availability of time: Who is available · Influencing factors to work on project activities, and when · Condition and position of gender is s/he available? · Practical and strategic needs and · Decision-making: Who makes interests decisions for the family? For the · Levels of participation community? · Potential for transformation · Access and control of resources: Who has access and who controls the various resources? 49 50 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series A.4.2 As a result of the application of these factors, one can obtain conclusions in relation to the necessary gender considerations. Among the things that can be determined are: · Limitations that affect men and women differently. · Opportunities for men as well as women in a specific area or sector. A.4.3 Each of these will be influenced by which essential resources are involved, such as: education, training, information, new technologies, access to administrative and governmental services, land, credit, capital, guarantees, access to infrastructure, markets, transport, etc. Women's and men's condition and position must also always be considered, without overvaluing activities that are purely "economic". A.4.4 In planning with a gender perspective, it is important to consider the need to implement integrated projects and programs in which the daily reality of women and men is carefully taken into account. Only those interventions that facilitate the removal of barriers to gender equity should be promoted. A.4.5 Some basic considerations that can be made in planning with a gender focus include: · Planning should be participatory, including both sexes. · An Access and Control profile should be developed, including such elements as: ­ Natural resources ­ Fiscal resources ­ Socio-cultural resources ­ Human resources ­ Benefits A.4.6 Some basic steps in gender planning include: 1. Elaborating a table with practical and strategic needs and interests of women and men. 2. Recognizing the inequalities or discrimination between women and men. 3. Determine how the project can respond to the needs/ demand of the target group or community. 4. Determine allocation of time. 5. Identify which relations between women and men the project aims to transform. 6. Clearly determine the results hoped for. 7. Assign resources accordingly. Planning with a gender perspective can help to identify: · Deficiencies that can be addressed by the project · Strengths or potential that can be strengthened by the project · Imbalances between women and men that the project can help to overcome Annex 4: Gender Analysis Guidelines and Checklist 51 Comparison of Gender Analysis Tools Source/Name To whom is the tool What information can be directed? obtained? UN Food and People that work with peasant Materials. Agriculture Organization populations, farmers (FAO) World Conservation People that work with gender in Modules provide basic information Union (IUCN): "Toward the context of the environment, on: how to introduce conceptual Equity" series of 9 natural resources. elements; construct indicators; modules monitoring & evaluation, all with a gender equity optic. International Trade People who work with labor Everything related to women's Organization (ITO): problems based on being female. rights: maternity, breast feeding, modules related to work security, sexual harassment, women and work etc. Canadian aid agency To those who seek to understand Information on the principle (CIDA/ACDI): gender concepts relevant to their concepts of gender focus. Document on gender institution. equity policy GTZ/PROEQUIDAD: To all those government Principle conceptual tools and Tools for building equity institutions and NGOs that seek to practices for introducing the among men and women. introduce gender issues within various topics on gender in field Training manual. their work. work. These tools indicate step by step what to do and how. Annex 5 Case Study Descriptions and Comments Case Study Exercises Through small group exercises, participants applied elements of gender analysis to the case studies presented by fellow participants. This exercise included application of questions of access and control of resources and benefits; questions of conditioning factors, etc. Following the first workshop, the agenda was adjusted to allocate more time to analysis of the case studies by the participants, as well as more in depth exposure to gender analysis tools which participants could apply to the cases in working groups. The resulting observations made by participants on the cases vary in their depth, tending generally to increase in depth as the series progressed and the facilitators refined the workshop dynamics. Three examples of the outputs of the working groups are presented here. They represent three scenarios: Example 1: Photovoltaic (PV) water pumping for micro-irrigation of vegetables, Mexico. This is a case where gender-sensitive processes and considerations were explicitly undertaken as part of the development of an energy-based development project. This project perhaps comes closest to a modelcase from which to draw positive lessons; nevertheless, this exercise highlighted ways in which a gender focus was not fully applied and recommends how the project could be further improved. Example 2: Solar Villages, the Case of Campamento Viejo, Honduras. This is a classic case of a renewable energy-driven technology intervention intended to solve multiple development problems but which failed to incorporate social or cultural considerations, including gender. The case discusses the fourth project being planned that is intended to draw on lessons learned from three similar projects already implemented. The working group developed a matrix of recommended actions to improve the preparation of the fourth project before it advances to the implementation stage. Example 3. Eco-Stove project, Nicaragua. This is a case of a project that was presumed to be gender-sensitive due to its focus on women and a basic energy need of particular relevance to women: cooking. In this case, gender was inferred to be synonymous with "women", leaving men out of the process except for the critical aspect of stove manufacturing and commercialization, in which women were not actively involved. The working group provided recommendations on how to rectify this imbalance. 53 54 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series Example 1: Photovoltaic (PV) water pumping for micro-irrigation of vegetables, Mexico. First, we reviewed the Access and Control Profile developed yesterday (Wednesday, July 10), to adjust it to better reflect the project, based on the additional information that we received on the project. ACCESS CONTROL Men Women Men Women Resources Main Road X X Organization X X X Access Road X X School X X X Area likely to be planted X X X Corn and beans processing X X (base) Water X X X Rural Participatory Assessment X X X X Economic Resources (support) X X X Materials X X Technical Assistance X X Funds from Federal X X X X Government Benefits Income from corn and beans X X Income from vegetables X X Direct employment X X Training and Technical X X Assistance Water pumping X X X Vegetables X X Community savings X X X 1. What were the key aspects of gender which were contemplated (or not contemplated) in the project? · A participatory assessment was applied with a gender focus, which enabled the identification of the practical need of the community to have greater food security, as well as to identify the strategic need of generating income for improving quality of life. Annex 5: Case Study Descriptions and Comments 55 · Women were incorporated in decision-making: ­ In which type of productive project would be implemented (livestock or vegetables) ­ Which source of energy would be used for pumping (based on an economic analysis as well as ecological considerations) · The project requirements were identified: ­ Land: provided by the men (a parcel of 0.5 hectare) ­ Labor: provided by the men ­ Financial support: 20% of the project total was provided by the men who, being landholders, have access to PROCAMPO subsidies. Project support as follows: § SharedRiskTrustFund(FIRCO),oftheSecretaryofAgriculture,Livestock,and Fisheries. (GEF N$38,000) § AlianzaparaelCampo(N$24,000) § Marginalized Areas program (Zonas Marginadas) (N$85,000 for hardware and irrigation system) § Community(men)forPROCAMPO(N$14,600) · Market study ­ It was determined that the principal market is the military in the region. ­ The women maintain control of crop production to ensure that their families have sufficient food before selling harvest. · Savings system ­ Purpose: community fund for savings and local and group loans (for members and non- members) ­ Initial fund of $N1,070 with contributions from women and men. ­ Women will manage and control of this fund. · Employment: ­ Remunerated employment is oriented only to women (men apparently were not included, despite having contributed both land and financial resources). · Time: ­ It was anticipated that this project would reduce women's reproductive work (water hauling) by 2 hours. ­ It appears that the impact of the new work (crop cultivation) created by the project on women's reproductive activities was not taken into account. 2. What impacts resulted from having contemplated (or not contemplated) a gender focus in this project? 56 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series Positive Impacts Negative Impacts Strengthening of the family economy, by giving The project creates a new need for child care while women control of the new income. the women work in the fields. The project begins a process of empowerment of the The project creates a possible tension due to the fact women by enabling them to participate in decision- that the men have contributed land, funds, and making and control of the income to be generated. labor, but yet appear to have no control over the project. The participatory process made possible a consensus around which project was priority and to ensure that the project responded to both a practical and a strategic need. By involving both women and men, the project has become one that is perceived to be a common project, with benefits for both men and women, as well as a joint responsibility for making it successful (via maintenance, etc.) An environment has been created which both requires and permits negotiation between women and men in terms of distribution of time and reproductive chores. 3. Which were the favorable and unfavorable conditions internally that existed or persist, that will influence the potential for gender equity in the case presented? · In contrast to other ethnic groups in Chiapas, this group is more open to women's participation in decision-making processes. · The size of the group in question is very small, which facilitates consensus-building. · The women's experience in producing and commercializing products enabled the men to trust in their capability to manage the project. · The community had been involved in participatory processes already, which provided a basis for the project to move forward more naturally than if these processes had not existed. 4. What recommendations can be offered for next steps to: a. Improve the project presented. · To perfect the production program according to market demand. This permits the productive project to achieve its capacity to respond to the strategic needs identified. b. Carry out similar projects in the future that are sensitive to a gender focus. · Work with small and mixed groups. · Work on social organization issues before moving forward with projects. · Begin with participatory diagnostics with women and men to identify practical needs. · Recognize the benefit of directing projects toward resolving the practical needs that are oriented toward attending to strategic needs. Annex 5: Case Study Descriptions and Comments 57 Example 2: Solar Villages, The Campamento Viejo Case Objective To contribute to the process of achieving sustainable human development in Honduras, by supporting the strengthening of the organizational and participatory skills of the Campamento Viejo community, located in the department of Olancho, by using the introduction of solar technology, computers and integral educational and training software as strategic factors. Target Population The entire community 876 people GENDER IDENTIFIED UNIDENTIFIED IMPACTS STEPS VARIABLES ASPECTS ASPECTS Differentiation of the - There are no involvement of men indicators to show benefits for men The community and women in the § Updating works on agropecuarian and women (only community agropecuarian activities. Data are not for entire diagnosis with population). activities for self- broken down by participative tools consumption and gender, occupation, age and gender focus A. Socioeconomic large-scale sales. and ethnia; also, family - By including environment composition gender aspects, the § Validatingthe The town is a (integrated/unintegrated community's project through political- homes, single mothers, marketing gender-focus connections would administrative hub at grandparents or aunts workshops a departmental level. and uncles in parental be fostered, thus role, widows/widowers, enabling a greater etc.) socioeconomic growth Dairy and basic grain § Startfrom production, selling Gender-related work No indicators exist to diagnosis results B. Gender-related products as a division. determine these to run a gender- impacts or who work division community without focused project gender-related work The productive role of benefits from the awareness and allocations. women. project. promotion campaign It is unknown how Low women's self- women participate in esteem and repetition § Include training Men control the the productive process of intragenerational C. Access to and in selling; in how workshops on resources and benefits sexist patterns productive topics, resource control of production and the financial benefits foster domestic abuse gender focus and and benefit sales. will be invested; or as well as how individual and dependence (slavism) self-esteem family time is allocated. Generational gap, § Carry out occupational vocation, D. Influencing Sexist society by community customs, values and Deterioration of intra- activities factors tradition and culture parent-children family relationships involving the communication family 58 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series GENDER IDENTIFIED UNIDENTIFIED IMPACTS STEPS VARIABLES ASPECTS ASPECTS § Self-esteem workshops and E. Gender Women act Women's interest to talks to raise the condition and submissively and men participate and make Deterioration of intra- family's position are authoritarian decisions family relationships awareness about the roles of men and women This is the fourth project of its kind to be installed without the community's - Differentiation of - Benefits not involvement in interests by age, visible to adults. identifying and gender and ethnia. prioritizing needs. - Equipment The project is an - Who will run and deterioration initiative of the make the project § Validatethe project through Honduran financially gender-focused F. Practical needs government sustainable to and strategic (COHCIT) with grant ensure its continuity workshops, interests identifying funds from OAS and practical needs UNESCO. and strategic interests... The project is an Reduces school drop- innovating, leading - out rates and educational proposal increases enrollment The project improves care provided by the - health center to the population According to Unbalance in § Involve men and preliminary visits and The reasons for such organizational women to redefine G. Degree of direct observation: support and project the project and there is 75% low female continuity in terms of make decisions. involvement involvement are involvement among unknown. people involvement men and 25% among and equipment § Designafinancial women maintenance and technical self- Education sustainability Community leaders Intra-family Health system for the project H. Potentials are basically men, but relationships and with Communication they show an interest Public safety towards society; cultural and in participatory § Establisha transformation educational levels have Fun and relaxation organization. monitoring and not been identified. Interaction Entertainment evaluation plan for Job sources the project Annex 5: Case Study Descriptions and Comments 59 Example 3: Ecofogón, Nicaragua Gender Analysis 1. Gender relations in the community from the point of view of development. -Socio-economic environment: a. Poverty b. Culture of cooking c. Discovery of the impact of smoke on women and children (boys and girls) d. Cultural aspects 2. Division of labor by gender: a. Women: purchases wood in urban grocery store b. Men: cuts and sells wood 3. Access and Control Profile IDENTIFIE 4. Time availability: women 5. Influencing factors: a. Reduction in fuelwood consumption b. Reduction in environmental pollution c. Reduction of respiratory illnesses Responses to the orienting questions: 1. Gender aspects a. Contemplated - Women: facilitate work in the kitchen and improvements in quality of life [for family] b. Not contemplated 60 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series - Including men in this type of project - Not including women in the construction and commercialization aspects of project 2. Impacts a. Contemplated - Economic savings/fuelwood resource - Health benefit for women and children b. Not Contemplated - Imbalance in the commercialization component (women don't generate income) - Professional jealousy on behalf of men, for not being included in project development 3. Concrete Steps a. Existing Eco-Stove project - Ensure proximity to the center of production to enable women to participate in the construction and commercialization of the stoves. - Integrate men in the basic knowledge of the design, operation and maintenance of the eco-Stove b. Future projects - All the above, plus: development of biomass briquettes and introduction as primary material for the Eco-Stove. ECTS UNID Annex 6 GENES-ESMAP Project Indicators ESMAP Gender and Sustainable Energy Project: Proposed Indicators · Objective 1. To increase information coverage on sustainable energy innovations that satisfy women's and men's various energy needs in the domestic as well as productive spheres. Indicator 1. # of contributors to the quarterly GENES bulletin (disaggregated by country) Indicator 2. # of new requests for quarterly GENES bulletin (disaggregated by country, organization type) · Objective 2. To increase the number of organizations that are capable of applying gender and energy approaches in their work Indicator 1. # of GENES member organizations identifying project concepts to incorporate G&E approaches (disaggregated by country) Indicator 2. # of new policies or procedures identified for adoption of G&E approaches, by GENES member organizations, within 1 year of workshops (disaggregated by country) Indicator 3. # of additional workshops/conferences/seminars on gender and/or energy hosted or attended by GENES members, within 1year of the workshops (disaggregated by country) Indicator 4. # of GENES organizations with 1 additional staff member trained on G&E approaches · Objective 3. To increase the number of GENES member organizations that have made a commitment to incorporate gender and energy approaches in their work Indicator 1. # of GENES member organizations creating statements of commitment to pursue G&E approaches Indicator 2. # of GENES member organizations proposing to fund the 2 gender-sensitive energy- related pilot projects Indicator 3. # of GENES member organizations appropriating at least XX % of funds to incorporate G&E approaches into their own projects 61 62 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series · Objective 4. To increase the participation of both men and women in energy needs assessments and project designs, at the community level Indicator 1. # of people in the targeted pilot communities attending an initial needs assessment community meeting (disaggregated by gender) Indicator 2. # of people in the targeted pilot communities completing a survey in which they express their needs related to energy (disaggregated by gender) * Indicator 3. # of people sitting on a community steering committee to guide project design (disaggregated by gender) * data collection methods on this may be more complicated- a community-wide survey would need to have strategically designed questions, and depending on the area, would have to be done orally, with field staff, for illiterate populations. Annex 7 Actions Identified by Participants 63 64 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series CONCRETE ACTION TABLES BI AND TRINATIONAL WORKSHOPS WITH SUPPORT FROM GENES -ESMAP Institution Institutional Policies Capacity building, Methodology Applied to Synergies Investigation Project COSTA RICA National Power and Light Company · Investigate and verify which · Establish relations with other (CNFL) unit within the institution is in· Procure internal capacity · Provide capacity building for energy institutions, such as charge of ensuring the building in gender. NGOs and communities. fulfillment of the institutional ANDAR and the GENES COSTA RICA (GOV) Equal Opportunities Law. focal point. Department of Physics National University of · Procure capacity building in · Analyze development · Pursuing inter-institutional Costa Rica (UNA) projects to identify gender synergies is a priority to the gender along with other gaps and revise projects to institution. groups working in solar incorporate gender · Establish contact with the COSTA RICA (ACAD) energy. considerations. Women's Institute. Montaña Verde · Incorporate gender and · Identify of indicators and Association energy approaches to be able · Provide capacity building on develop/incorporate specific to take into account the gender methodologies to take the subjects of gender and into account men's and COSTA RICA (NGO) perspectives of both men and energy. women. women's perspectives in projects. Organization of Organic Producers · Adopt participatory approaches to include · Provide capacity building for participation from under- young men and women. COSTA RICA (PROD) represented groups. Annex 7: Actions Identified by Participants 65 Institution Institutional Policies Capacity building, Methodology Applied to Synergies Investigation Project · Manage funds (i.e. GEF) to · Provide ANDAR Association facilitate GENES/Costa Rica capacity building in gender to representation in public national energy programs of · Establish/strengthen ties with policies in the gender, energy energy (i.e., ICE, CNFL, COSTA RICA (NGO) ICE, CNFL and BUN-CA. and development sectors. BUN-CA). · Formulate objectives and · Organize at actions for the short term. least one exchange. PANAMÁ NATIONAL DIRECTORY OF WOMEN, MINISTRY OF · Identify public policies · Systematize bibliographic YOUTH, WOMEN, materials on gender from the contained in the Plan of CHILDHOOD AND National Direction of the Equality of Opportunities for FAMILY Woman, and make this list Women 2002-2006 to (MINJUMNFA) available to the national develop actions that promote GENES coordinator, for use sustainable renewable energy by organizations to develop projects and programs. renewable energy activities. PANAMÁ (GOV) COMMISSION OF · Adopt gender criteria for POWER POLICY, projects financed by the MINISTRY OF institution (must consider a ECONOMY AND gender approach) to be FINANCES (CPE- approved. MEF) · Include the application of gender approaches in the criteria for eligibility for RE incentive and promotion PANAMÁ (GOV) programs. Foundation for Youth · Establish gender approaches · Improve upon existing stoves · Seek SocialInvestment Fund · Work with UTP on of Darién within organizational support to work with the evaluation of improved (FUNPRODA) models. policies. Technological University of stoves. 66 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series Institution Institutional Policies Capacity building, Methodology Applied to Synergies Investigation Project Panama (UTP) to develop energy projects. PANAMÁ (NGO) · Establish contact with FIS · Work with other and OER in order to know institutions/organizations to the impressions resulting organize at least one capacity from projects in energy NATURA Foundation building event in energy or financed by FIS. gender before the end of · Conduct gender evaluation of · Establish/strengthen ties with FIS, OER and other GENES PANAMÁ (NGO) 2002. the organization's 7-year old · Facilitate visits to several members. project "Establishment of a renewable energy projects in Biogas Plant," and share collaboration with other results with other GENES institutions. members. TECHNOLOGICAL Establish/strengthen relations UNIVERSITY OF with: · Include the subject of PANAMA (UTP) "gender" within Faculty of · BUN-CA; Mechanical Engineering · Ministry of Youth, Women, postgraduate and masters Childhood and the Family; programs. · Nature Foundation (national PANAMÁ (ACAD) GENES focal point); and · Center of the Panamanian Woman. · Develop a proposal that promotes productive uses of solar energy (i.e., Center of the · Consider the participation of illumination and solar drying Panamanian Woman · Initiate a radio campaign on other actors, such as of meats, fish and others on (CEMP) the use of the renewable scholastic centers, local energies, including gender the domestic level, and a Centers of Health and other components, and involving biodigestor on the authorities, in the PANAMÁ (NGO) rural community groups. community level) in 10 development of the afore- communities of Veraguas, in mentioned proposal. collaboration with the communities' Committees of Sustainable Development. Annex 7: Actions Identified by Participants 67 Institution Institutional Policies Capacity building, Methodology Applied to Synergies Investigation Project National Association · Through the other regional · Formulate a proposal for the Conservation of · Transfer information from networks to which ANCON that incorporates gender, · Establish/strengthen ties with Nature (ANCON) this workshop to the Director belongs, seek funds to carry renewable energy and of ANCON and those in out gender and energy other organizational members development, together with 1 charge of the formulation of GENES. projects, and provide this PANAMÁ (NGO) or 2 other Panamanian proposals. information to the GENES GENES members. Network. Family Training · Conduct small workshops to and Research · Introduce share the knowledge acquired · Introduce small pilot projects internally the subjects of in this workshop. to begin to work on these Center (CEFA) gender in energy and energy · Build capacity in the subjects, inviting in gender so that we can community on the subject of participation from any proceed to work with both sustainable energy and interested organization. subjects. gender, if it is required. PANAMÁ (NGO) · Educate community · Share the knowledge · Seek funding for facilitator teams in development projects that Teaching and Research acquired in this workshop participatory gender incorporate gender Center of Panamá with the institution's field diagnoses. approaches. (CIDPA) team, especially the importance of incorporating · Put into practice gender gender approaches in methodologies in the areas PANAMÁ (ACAD) covered by the organization, development projects. mainly in those communities with less access to energy resources. HONDURAS Secretariat of Natural · Take into account the · Increase awareness about · Conduct inventory of · Ensure coordination and Resources and subjects of renewable energy gender equity by providing greenhouse gas emissions. efficiency in projects with Environment and gender approaches in capacity building to other institutions. (SERNA), Climate Climatic Change capacity technicians, NGOs, the 68 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series Institution Institutional Policies Capacity building, Methodology Applied to Synergies Investigation Project Change Project building activities. private sector, governmental representatives and Honduras (GOV) academics. Honduran Advisory · Establish a model for · Apply gender approaches in Commitee of Science incorporating gender into the economic study of and Technology "Solar Village" projects. Campamento Viejo in (COHCIT) preparation for the 4th "Solar Village" project. Honduras (GOV) · Replicate model at the national level. Association for the · Investigate cases of · Build internal awareness of · Identify and contact local Development of the organizations that have made gender to be able to apply it organizations that apply Solar Energy new developments in the in the area of renewable gender equity in all activities. (ADESOL) solar photovoltaic (PV) field energies, and specifically to be able to learn from and PV, in every stage of the Honduras (NGO) apply some of their execution of a project. experiences. Help in Action · Improve the living conditions · Provide capacity building in · Execute actions focused on · Exchange experiences with (Ayuda en Acción) of poor families and renewable energy gender as a basic element of other institutions in communities. integrated development in renewable energy. the area [where Ayuda en Honduras (NGO) Acción is active]. · Assist children, youth and · Incorporate experiences such · Incorporate gender · Strengthen ties with Association families within the as that of Ecofogón approaches from the ADESOL. COMPARTIR community. initiation of projects. (Sharing) · Work constantly in the · Consider solar energy for a thematic area of gender. project currently under study Honduras (NGO) involving a tourist park which currently lacks access to electricity services. Southern Association · Organize meetings with the · Recruit/build capacity among · Include gender approaches in for the Conservation of Board of Directors to raise personnel to apply gender future proposals, applied in a · Strengthen ties with Nature (ASCONA) the institution's profile and approaches at the community logical framework. ADESOL and Proleña. revenue that can result from level. · Reorient current projects to Honduras (NGO) using gender in renewable · Pursue funding to provide include gender approaches. energy approaches in our capacity building for the · Take greater advantage of Annex 7: Actions Identified by Participants 69 Institution Institutional Policies Capacity building, Methodology Applied to Synergies Investigation Project community conservation Board of Directors and staff women as a great resource in work. in the subject of gender in the community. renewable energy. Solaris: Solar Systems · Establish credit programs · Provide technical information · Propose a project that offers · Strengthen ties with of Honduras with a gender focus. to other institutions to economic support (ex., ADESOL and COHCIT. complement their gender micro-credit) for certain Honduras (PRIV- approaches. groups, incorporating gender energy) considerations to promote greater access to solar systems. · Gather socioeconomic data on people and organizations receiving solar systems to establish a database. Consulting Society for · Formulate gender strategy · Identify positive experiences · Apply UICN's variables in · Establish contact with Local Development within the institutional with applying gender the identification of institutions with experience (SOCODEL) framework. approaches. community projects. in gender and energy. · Develop projects based on Honduras (PRIV- needs identified by men and Development) women, taking into consideration which groups have had access to resources, which have controlled the resources, and which have benefited. NICARAGUA National Commission · Formulate policies and · Aim for the incorporation of · Strengthen the productive · Exchange experience with on Energy (CNE) strategies of the national gender approaches in the capacity of those living in others institutions. power sector with the energy sector. remote areas through the use · Seek support from the Nicaragua (GOV) purpose of promoting the · Provide/pursue capacity of renewable energies. GENES Network. development and optimal building in gender advantage of resources in a approaches. sustainable way. · Support for the integration of gender within the institution. 70 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series Institution Institutional Policies Capacity building, Methodology Applied to Synergies Investigation Project Technological · Incorporate gender · Promote capacity building · Redefine the formulation of · Establish/strengthen ties with University of approaches in the seminars and workshops for projects to include gender other institutions that carry Nicaragua (UTN) formulation of programs, the members of the university approaches. out projects applying gender evaluation of projects, and in community. · Elaborate proposals and seek approaches. Nicaragua (ACAD) the "profesionalization" · Provide capacity building for funding for projects at the courses that UTN carries out. GENES members through national network level. · Develop a workplan with various seminars and immediate actions to be workshops. taken by members of GENES/Nicaragua. . Alexander von · Formulate internal gender · Continue capacity building in · Integrate the knowledge · Establish/strengthen Humboldt Center strategy and identify the best gender. acquired in this workshop to institutions with experience way to imple ment this the formulation, execution in gender and energy. Nicaragua (ACAD) strategy within programs and and evaluation of projects. projects. · Promote gender in public policies, including in RE policies. National Autonomous · Convene conference for · Redefine research project on · Establish/strengthen ties with University of educational institutions and the use of biomass briquettes. institutions affilitated with Nicaragua (UNAN) other institions affiliated with UNAN/ESECH. ESECH. Nicaragua (ACAD) · Transfer experience with biomass briquettes to students in their final class of the Agricultural Economy. Bluefields, Indian and · Sensitize staff about the need · Establish/strengthen ties with Caribbean University to integrate gender into NGOs in the RAAS region (BICU), Regional renewable energy programs working on projects that use Autonomous Council and projects. gender approaches in urban of the Atlantic-South and rural communities. (RAAS) Nicaragua (ACAD) National University of · Sensitize internal work group · Seek technical and logistical · Establish/strengthen ties with Engineering (UNI), about the need to use gender support to introduce gender GENES members with Alternative Sources approaches in the approaches within different experience in gender. Annex 7: Actions Identified by Participants 71 Institution Institutional Policies Capacity building, Methodology Applied to Synergies Investigation Project Project - Nicaragua formulation, execution, projects. (ACAD) monitoring and evaluation of projects. Nicaragua (ACAD) · Examine the experiences of colleagues in others countries. · Seek capacity building with the purpose of acquiring greater knowledge. Proleña · Include gender aspects in · Explain to staff gender · Introduce gender into project · Establish/strengthen ties with future projects. concepts and the importance objectives, including women donors. Nicaragua (NGO) and of gender within the trainers. institution. · Develop activities that facilitate the incorporation of gender concepts. · Conduct exchanges with other GENES institutions to improve upon gender techniques. MEXICO Secretariat of Social · Incorporate the subject of · Instruct the Secretariat on · Impel the start up of energy · Structure the symbiotic Development gender and energy into gender and energy to affect projects and gender with the relationship with GENES/ (SEDESOL) Federal SEDESOL policies. policies. resources of Federal México. Federal · Promote capacity building in SEDESOL in 2002. · Promote compatibility gender and energy within between the objectives and México (GOV) other governmental actions of GENES and Linea institutions. Biósfera. · Incorporate other ministries in this perspective. State Secretariat of · State SEDESOL is · Map institutions that Social Development committed to directing presently apply gender (SEDESOL), State of financing for productive approaches. Chiapas projects involving women México (GOV) and men. 72 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series Institution Institutional Policies Capacity building, Methodology Applied to Synergies Investigation Project Rural Association of · Build capacity among · Investigate implementing a Collective Interest, members in productive fruit drying project. Union of Unions applications of renewable · Move ahead with the (ARIC, UU) energy, i.e., fruit drying. project being installed to use PV pumping for micro - México (NGO) irrigation of vegetable crops. Línea Biosfera · Continue with the application · Identify and initiate contact · Seek funding for qualified Establish/strengthen ties with: of sensible participatory, with institutions working in projects. · Federal SEDESOL; México (NGO) gender-sensitive community sustainable energies, and the · Secretariat of Agriculture, methods and the search for power sector in general. Cattle ranch and Fishing sustainable energy solutions. · Conduct/promote gender and (SAGARPA); energy workshops among key · State Secretariat of Rural actors. Development (SDR); · Rural Association of Collective Interest, Union of Unions (ARIC, UU); and · CUCI. GUATEMALA Ministry of Energy and · Establish a gender unit · Initiate a program of capacity Establish/strengthen ties with: Mines (MEM), Main within the MEM building in gender within the · Solar Foundation; Directorate of · Establish the personnel team MEM · Presedential Secretariat of Guatemalan Energy for the unit and its Women (SEPREM); Operational Plan. · Unit of Gender of the Guatemala (GOV) · Formulate gender-sensitive Ministry of Agriculture; power policies. · NGOs; and · Revise existing policies to · Donor organizations. incorporate gender Ministry of Health, · In collaboration with the · Make a map of key actors. · Identify interventions to · Establish links with the Program of Health and MEM and the Ministry of establish greater equality of MEM, the Ministry of the Environment Agriculture, coordinate participation, where Agriculture and NGOs. Guatemala wactions to promote the use necessary. Annex 7: Actions Identified by Participants 73 Institution Institutional Policies Capacity building, Methodology Applied to Synergies Investigation Project of renewable energies in Guatemala (GOV) rural indigenous communities with the active, equitable participation of women and men. Secretariat of Strategic · Identify niche in · Build capacity within the Analysis (SAE) environmentally sound Belgian School (private energy. school). Guatemala (GOV) Promotion of the Rural · Foster meeting between the · Initiate a project with the · Initiate contacts with Woman Program authorities of PROMUJER MEM. ministerial authorities and (PROMUJER) and the Main Directorate of PROMUJER, according to Energy to initiate map of key actors developed Guatemala (GOV) collaboration. during workshop. Solar Foundation · Coordinate with key actors in · Provide capacity building on · Develop more case studies. · Maintain contact with (central office and meetings on gender policies productive uses of energy · Focus on educational GENES members and pursue Quiché, Chel, and or indicators. from a gender perspective. projects regarding gender contact with other key actors Chajul Projects) · Instruct authorities of Chel to equality. from map developed during ensure that men and women · Create internal guide for workshop. Guatemala (NGO) know how to use wood and incorporating gender fruit dryers. approaches into the organization's projects. Ak'Teanmit · Focus more on gender equity · Promote more exchanges · Exchange knowledge with Association through education for men, key actors. women and children. Guatemala (NGO) · Seek capacity building in solar fruit drying and other productive uses of renewable energy. EL SALVADOR Winrock · Solicit capacity building in · Strengthen ties with International/El solar fruit drying. CORDES. Salvador 74 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series Institution Institutional Policies Capacity building, Methodology Applied to Synergies Investigation Project El Salvador (NGO) Foundation for the · Start to incorporate gender · Share experiences in the use · Develop a project to present · Coordinate with the other Cooperation and the from the participatory rural of solar energy (e.g., fruit to JAS, incorporating gender GENES members. Communal appraisal. drying) with other GENES from the beginning. Development of El members. · Present a pilot project to Salvador (CORDES) · Conduct exchange or GENES for fruit and coffee workshop, according to driers, incorporating gender El Salvador (NGO) members' needs. approaches. Annex 8 Bibliography of Pertinent Resources Bibliography 1. Campillo Fabiola. Género y Desarrollo. Un Marco de Análisis para mejorar Políticas, Programas y Proyectos de Desarrollo. PNUD ­FAO. 1991 2. SIMAS. Servicio de información mesoamericana sobre agricultura sostenible. Proyecto del centro de intercambio cultural y técnico. CICUTEC. Managua, Nicaragua. Junio 199. 3. Suzane Williams, Seed,M.A. Manual de Capacitación en género de OXFAM. Tomo I. Flora Tristán. Perú. 4. Gloria M . Comesaña Santilices. En Torno al concepto Género. Memoria del Taller Centroamericano y del Caribe Género y Desarrollo, Reflexiones sobre Género. 5. Marcela Lagarde. Identidad de Género. Memoria, Curso del 25 al 30 de abril de 1992, Managua, Nicaragua. 6. Programa Mujer Salud y Desarrollo Organización Panamericana de la salud (OPS / OMS ). Ministerio de Salud Pública. Hablemos de Género, Serie Mujeres, Asociación ANDAR, Honduras 1992. Pag.1-3. 7. Gomáriz Enrique, Los estudios de Género y sus Fuentes Epistemológicas: Periodización y Perspectivas. Pag. 83-90 8. Instituto Nacional Tecnológico. Categorías Básicas de Análisis de Género. Managua Nicaragua. Pags./10. 9. Enciclopedia En Español . GLLC. Informática Ltda.. 1999. 10. UICN. Develando el Género. Elementos Conceptuales. Serie Hacia la Equidad. Pag. 34 . 11. ITDG Bill Stewart and others. Improved wood, waste and charcoal Burning stoves. A Practitioners´s manual. 12. ITDG ­ Perú. Manual de Mini y Microcentrales Hidráulicas. Una guía para el desarrollo de proyectos. ISBN: 1 85339 278 2. 13. Tomas Markvart. Solar Electricity. 2nd edition. ISBN: 0471 98852 9. 14. Charles y, Wereko ­ Brobby. Biomass conversion and Technology. ISBN: 0471 96246 5. 15. Maxime Kleinpeter. Energy Planning and Policy. ISBN: 0471 96532 75 76 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series Web Pages ENERGIAS RENOVABLES Renewables for sustainable Village Power http://www.nrel.gov/business/international/rsvp/village.html Internet's Information Service of the Center for Renewable Energy and sustainable Tecnology http://solstice.crest.org/ Sandia National Laboratories Renewable Energy Office http://www.sandia.gov/Renewable_Energy/renewable.html The Brazilian Reference Center for Solar and Wind Energy http://www.cepel.br/crese/cresesb.htm The Gorby Files: Renewable Energy http://www.halcyon.com/alancrab/re.page.html Renewable Energy Publications http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelnonfossil.html#renew Energy technology data Exchange http://www.etde.org/ Economics of Renewable Energy http://solstice.crest.org/renewables/re-kiosk/economics/index.shtml Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Network http://www.eren.doe.gov Mr. Solar Home Page http://www.netins.net/showcase/solarcatalog/ Centro de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería - Perú http://www.uni.edu.pe/ Universidad Jorge Basadre de Tacna - Perú http://www.rcp.net.pe/rcp/rcp-univ.htm GRUPO de Apoyo al Sector Rural - Perú Unidad de Servicios de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú para el área de Energías Renovables. http://www.pucp.edu.pe/~grupo Temas: Bombas de ariete, Energía solar, Energía eólica. Idioma / país de origen: castellano / Perú International Economic Forum for Renewable Energy - Internationales Wirtschaftsforum Regenerative Energien Bibliography of Pertinent Resources 77 http://www.iwr.de Temas: Energía eólica , Energía solar , Energía hidráulica , Bioenergía , Bolsa de energías, Medio ambiente y energía Idioma / país de origen: inglés y alemán / Alemania Wuppertal Institute for Environment, Climante, Energy http://www.wupperinst.org Temas: Energía, Ambiente , Transporte , Clima Idioma / país de origen: inglés y alemán / Alemania The International Centre for Application of Solar Energy (CASE) It was established by the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO) to promote the application of renewable energy technology in developing countries. Based in Perth, CASE is supported by the Commonwealth and Western Australian Governments and is unique in that its principle focus is on marketing renewable energy technologies. http://case.gov.au/gettoknow.htm Temas: Renewable energies , Projects , Bibliography Idioma / país de origen: inglés / Australia International Information on Renewable Energy CADDET Renewable Energy Provides Information and Project Examples on Renewable Energies. http://www.caddet.co.uk Temas: Biomass , Geothermal , Waste , Hydropower , Solar , Wind , Photovoltaic Idioma / país de origen: inglés / Reino Unido Información para el Ciudadano acerca de Nuevas Técnicas Energéticas BINE ­ Bürgerinformation Neue Energietechniken http://bine.fiz-karlsruhe.de/bine/indexnew.html Temas: Energías renovables Idioma / país de origen: alemán / Alemania CleanEnergy A worldwide directory of Clean Energy related companies, organizations, products, and activities www.cleanenergy.de Temas: Directorio de firmas , Links a otras páginas Idioma / país de origen: inglés y alemán / Alemania International Solar Energy Society www.ises.org Temas: Journal , Conferences Idioma / país de origen: inglés / Alemania World-wide Information System for Renewable Energy (WIRE) A web.site created and supported by the German Ministry for Economy and Technology (BMWT) www.wire.ises.org Temas: Energías renoVables Idioma / país de origen: inglés y alemán / Alemania Instituto Alemán de Investigación en Sistemas Energéticos Solares ISE - Fraunhofer Institut Solare Energiesysteme ISE www.ise.fhg.de 78 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series Temas: Energía solar Idioma / país de origen: alemán / Alemania Instituto de Tecnologías de Energías Solares (ISET) - Institut für Solare Energieversorgungstechnik (ISET) www.iset.uni-kassel.de Temas: Energías renovables , Uso racional de energía , Tratamiento de aguas Idioma / país de origen: alemán / Alemania Solar Institute Jülich www.sij.fh-aachen.de Temas: Energía solar Idioma / país de origen: alemán / Alemania SunWorld (Solar and Renewable Energies) www.demon.co.uk/tfc/ Temas: Productos , Bibliografía , Eventos Idioma / país de origen: inglés / Reino Unido Secretary of Framework Convention on Climate Change ­ United Nations www.unfccc.de Temas: Cambio climático Idioma / país de origen: inglés / Alemania EUROSOLAR Organización europea de apoyo de energías solares en Europa http://www.eurosolar.org Annex 9 Photographs 79 80 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series Annex 9: Photographs 81 82 Gender and Sustainable Energy Regional Workshop Series Annex 9: Photographs 83