Public Disclosure Authorized Global Poverty Monitoring Technical Note 23 April 2022 Update to the Public Disclosure Authorized Global Database of Shared Prosperity What’s New Carlos Sabatino and Carolina Diaz-Bonilla Public Disclosure Authorized May 2022 Public Disclosure Authorized Keywords: Global Database of Shared Prosperity; April 2022. Development Data Group Development Research Group Poverty and Equity Global Practice Group Global Poverty Monitoring Technical Note 23 Abstract The April 2022 update introduces the 9th edition of the Global Database of Shared Prosperity. Shared prosperity, defined as the growth in household per capita income or consumption of the poorest 40 percent of the population, is the World Bank’s second Twin Goal, alongside ending extreme poverty. The Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP) is the database that is used to monitor the progress of this indicator. This technical note describes the GDSP, documents the available data in this edition, and highlights the main differences with the 8th edition. All authors are with the World Bank Group. Corresponding author: Carolina Diaz-Bonilla (cdiazbonilla@worldbank.org). This work could not be completed without the contributions from the Data4Goals, regional, and country teams. Regional teams: Minh Cong Nguyen, David Newhouse, Hernan Winkler, Ifeanyi Nzegwu Edochie, Ikuko Uochi, Jose Montes, Laura Liliana Moreno Herrera, Reno Dewina, Rose Mungai, Sergio Olivieri. D4G team: Nobuo Yoshida, Silvia Malgioglio, Haoyu Wu. This note has been cleared by Benu Bidani. The Global Poverty Monitoring Technical Note Series publishes short papers that document methodological aspects of the World Bank’s global poverty estimates. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. Global Poverty Monitoring Technical Notes are available at http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/. Contents 1.Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 What is Shared Prosperity? ................................................................................................... 1 2. The 9th edition of the GDSP: What’s New ................................................................................ 2 2.1. Data Sources and Coverage ............................................................................................ 2 2.2 Key Results ..................................................................................................................... 4 3. References ................................................................................................................................. 7 4. Annex .......................................................................................................................................... 8 1. Introduction 1.1 What is Shared Prosperity? Shared prosperity is defined as the annualized growth rate of the mean household per capita income or consumption of the poorest 40 percent of the population (the bottom 40) in each country. It is the World Bank’s second Twin Goal, introduced in 2013 alongside ending extreme poverty. The monitoring of this goal is reported in the semi-annual update of the Global Database of Shared Prosperity.1 The April 2022 update of the Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP) is the 9th edition since its launch. This technical note provides a description of the GDSP along with a summary of the changes in the most recent release. The number of economies2 included in the GDSP depends on the availability of household surveys. Whereas one household survey is needed to compute poverty, two comparable household surveys are needed to compute shared prosperity. Moreover, these surveys must be conducted around the same years to ensure that shared prosperity can be measured for roughly the same period in all economies. The April 2022 update presents the GDSP for circa 2014-2019. Given the restrictions mentioned, the GDSP coverage can vary between updates (Table 1).3 The 9th edition of the GDSP covers 80 economies across all regions. In more developed economies, survey coverage has been relatively stable. However, in regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the number of economies included is nearly halved from 8 in the 8th edition to 5 in the current edition, after reaching as many as 15 in previous editions. 1 The GDSP is updated in line with the updates to the poverty estimates. A major update to the GDSP happens around March of every year with a possibility of a smaller update in September on some years. 2 The term country, used interchangeably with economy, does not imply political independence but refers to any territory for which authorities report separate social or economic statistics. 3 The largest number of economies covered was in the fourth edition in 2017 (which was used in World Bank, 2020), with 93 economies 1 Table 1. Country coverage across editions of the GDSP, by region Number of Economies Edition Release date Circa EAP ECA LAC MNA OHI SAR SSA Total 1 AM2014 2006-2011 3 23 14 4 0 6 15 65 2 AM2015 2007-2012 4 23 14 4 19 6 15 85 3 AM2016 2008-2013 7 24 16 2 20 4 9 82 4 AM2017 2009-2014 7 26 16 5 20 4 15 93 5 SM2018 2010-2015 6 27 16 4 20 3 12 88 6 AM2018 2010-2015 8 26 16 3 22 4 12 91 7 SM2020 2012-2017 7 24 14 4 23 4 15 91 8 SM2021 2013-2018 8 25 14 3 27 3 8 88 9 SM2022 2014-2019 8 26 14 2 23 2 5 80 Source: World Bank compilation based on data of GDSP (Global Database of Shared Prosperity), World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022 http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/global-database-of-shared-prosperity Note: AM=Annual meetings in October; SM=Spring meetings in April. Data used must be within two years of the shared prosperity period years. EAP = East Asia and Pacific; ECA = Europe and Central Asia; LAC = Latin America and Caribbean; MNA = Middle East and North Africa; OHI=Other High-Income countries; SAR = South Asia; SSA = Sub-Saharan Africa. The decline in the number of countries with available GDSP data in SSA is due to the infrequent collections of household surveys in this region. However, part of the decline is based on a positive effort undertaken to improve the welfare measurement in ten countries of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). The changes applied in 2018 improved the measurement of household welfare and the comparability across these countries but made the new estimates incomparable to previously available surveys. 2. The 9th edition of the GDSP: What’s New 2.1. Data Sources and Coverage The 9th edition of GDSP presents income growth for the bottom 40 percent of the population in 80 economies circa 2014–19 (Table 2). Although 168 countries have an international poverty estimate in the World Bank’s Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP), significantly fewer have a shared prosperity estimate because of stricter data requirements. Since shared prosperity is a measure of changes in consumption (or income) 2 between two periods, calculating it requires at least two surveys within the benchmark period. Due to the limited number of surveys produced on a regular cycle in many economies, shared prosperity, and the shared prosperity premium4 can only be calculated for 80 of 218 economies, corresponding to 57 percent of the world’s population, and 37 percent of the world’s economies. Economies are included in the GDSP if the following requirements have been met: • Two relevant household surveys have been conducted and have yielded comparable data. • Among comparable surveys, one must be conducted within two years of 2014, and the other within two years of 2019. • The period between the selected initial and end years should range between three and seven years. • In cases where multiple surveys can fulfill these criteria, the most recent survey years are typically chosen. 4 The shared prosperity premium is the difference between the growth of income of the poorest 40 percent of the population in each country and the growth of income of the entire population. 3 Table 2. Global Database of Shared Prosperity, 9th Edition, Data Coverage Population, Millions Number of economies Country group Economies Economies All Economies Economies with a poverty All with a poverty economies with SP with SP rate rate East Asia & Pacific 2091.8 2049.8 2006 25 20 8 Eastern Europe and Central Asia 492.9 492.9 442.5 30 30 26 Latin America and the 636.2 594.8 544.6 31 25 14 Caribbean Middle East and North Africa 387.8 376.3 180.2 14 12 2 South Asia 1814.5 1777.3 213.0 8 7 2 Sub-Saharan Africa 1074.9 1073.6 118.5 48 46 5 Rest of the world 1100.7 1033.9 796.7 62 30 23 FCS 885.7 812.2 58.5 39 34 3 IDA 1081.0 1027.5 408.6 59 69 9 Low income 647.9 639.3 117.2 31 28 3 Lower middle income 2872.5 3005.9 926.2 47 46 15 Upper middle income 2847.8 2571.0 2348.2 60 52 25 High income 1230.6 1137.8 909.09 80 42 37 Total 7598.7 7398.5 4301.49 218 168 80 Sources: 9th edition of the GDSP Global Database of Shared Prosperity); PovcalNet, http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/; World Development Indicators (WDI); http://data.worldbank.org/products/wdi Note: SP = shared prosperity indicator. Averages across economies are simple averages, not population weighted. Population reference year 2018. 2.2 Key Results The exact period for which shared prosperity is measured varies by country based on survey availability. Economies in Sub-Saharan Africa have the most variation in the period over which shared prosperity is measured because of the varied and infrequent collection of household surveys. In recent years, the lack of comparable data is also the positive result of an effort to implement new household survey instruments and methods to improve poverty measurement, following current international best practices and improving comparability among WAEMU countries. The first round of data was collected in 2018/19, and comparability will improve going forward as the program continues. Shared prosperity spells in the SSA and SAR regions are the most dated. Survey availability in Europe and Central Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, and the rest of the world is the most 4 consistent and up to date. As a result, shared prosperity is measured over the same periods for almost all economies in these regions (Figure 1). However, comparisons across regions should be made with caution. There is a wide range of periods represented in circa 2014–19 shared prosperity indicators. For example, growth is measured from 2012-17 for Egypt but 2016–20 for Mexico and Argentina. In addition, the LAC and ECA countries that have 2020 data are presenting shared prosperity indicators that incorporate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and corresponding policy response. These countries would require their own separate analysis given the extent of the shock to incomes in 2020. Figure 1. Periods of Measurement for Shared Prosperity, circa 2014-2019 Source: 9th edition of GDSP (Global Database of Shared Prosperity); World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022 http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/global-database-of-shared-prosperity. Less frequent data collection means that some economies are only sporadically represented in the GDSP and have infrequent monitoring of shared prosperity. In all regions, the share of countries with available shared prosperity indicators is underrepresented relative to the total number of countries in each region (Table 3). Only ECA has a relatively high number of its countries in the GDSP. In addition, while Sub-Saharan Africa has 8 economies in the 8th edition of the GDSP, there are only 5 economies in this latest 9th edition, as explained earlier; only two countries in the region (Malawi and Uganda) were updated using new data (Table 3). In South Asia, only 2 5 countries are available, and neither SP indicator was updated with new data. In all regions, countries with new shared prosperity data are few relative to the total number of countries in each region. Table 3. Changing economy coverage in Previous (8th) and Current (9th) GDSP Editions Number of economies Region Total economies GDSP, 8th GDSP, 9th Countries in Countries with in the world edition edition GDSP, 8th and 9th updated SP, 9th edition edition East Asia & Pacific 25 9 8 7 4 Eastern Europe and Central Asia 30 25 26 26 17 Latin America and the 31 14 14 13 9 Caribbean Middle East and North Africa 14 3 2 2 2 South Asia 8 3 2 2 0 Sub-Saharan Africa 48 9 5 5 2 Rest of the world 62 25 23 23 17 World 218 88 80 78 52 Source: Global Database of Shared Prosperity; PovcalNet (online analysis tool which is being replaced by the Poverty and Inequality Platform), World Bank, Washington, DC, http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/. Note: GDSP = Global Database of Shared Prosperity; PSPR = Poverty and Shared Prosperity Report (World Bank, 2020); SP = shared prosperity indicator. The number of economies is based on the set used to calculate global poverty in the 2018 lineup. A full list of 80 countries with available Shared Prosperity data will be available to visualize and download on the shared prosperity dashboard, along with historical data for previous editions. Users will also be able to visualize and explore the shared prosperity data and shared prosperity premium through an interactive dashboard (Figure 2). 6 Figure 2. Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP) Dashboard 3. References World Bank. 2018. Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2018: Piecing Together the Poverty Puzzle. https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/poverty-and-shared-prosperity-2018 World Bank. 2020. Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2020: Reversals of Fortune. https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/poverty-and-shared-prosperity 7 4. Annex The mean of the bottom 40 percent within each country refers to the average household per capita consumption or income among this segment of the population. The choice of income or consumption depends on the data available for each economy, and in most cases is consistent with the welfare aggregate used to measure poverty. For China, shared prosperity is estimated by PovcalNet using grouped data. Because grouped data are provided separately for urban and rural populations, the national bottom 40 must be estimated. The bottom 40 is identified using the national poverty gap and choosing a poverty line that corresponds to the threshold consumption level of the national bottom 40 percent. PovcalNet uses a parametric Lorenz curve fitted on grouped data, an adjustment for differences in price levels between urban and rural areas, and urban-rural population shares from the WDI. Because shared prosperity is estimated using grouped data, it is approximate and may differ from using official microdata. For the countries in Europe and Central Asia and OECD-Europe, using EU-SILC data and household income per capita as the welfare aggregate, the estimates for shared prosperity include negative incomes. The global poverty measures reported in PovcalNet exclude observations with negative income. The GDSP includes a range of indicators (see Table 4 below). For example, it includes the means of the bottom 40 percent in the two time periods, from which shared prosperity, the annualized growth rate of the bottom 40 percent of the population, can be calculated using the following formula: ℎ (ℎ40) = (402/ 401) ^ (1/(2 − 1)) The annualized growth rates of the median and total population can be computed using similar formulas. 8 Table 4. Indicators in the GDSP Variable Definition sequence Sequence of the data release round Release round of the data (For example, SM2021 refers to the 2021 Spring Meetings). circayear Each round of the GDSP has a benchmark or circa period, but often the survey years do not match this benchmark period exactly. region Region code WB three-digit country code countryna Country name me period Shared Prosperity period welftype Welfare type (household income or consumption) growthb40 Shared Prosperity: Annualized growth in mean consumption or income per capita of bottom 40 percent population growthm50 Annualized growth in median consumption or income per capita of all population growthtotal Annualized growth in mean consumption or income per capita of all population meanb401 Mean consumption or income per capita of bottom 40 percent population for initial year ($ a day/PPP) median1 Median consumption or income per capita of all population for initial year ($ a day/PPP) meantotal1 Mean consumption or income per capita of all population for baseline year ($ a day/PPP) meanb402 Mean consumption or income per capita of bottom 40 percent population for most recent year ($ a day/PPP) median2 Median consumption or income per capita of all population for most recent year ($ a day/PPP) meantotal2 Mean consumption or income per capita of all population for most recent year ($ a day/PPP) surveyt1 Survey year (initial year) surveyt2 Survey year (most recent year) 9 4.1. Historical Shared Prosperity Spells, All Editions of the GDSP Region Economy Code Edition #1 Edition #2 Edition #3 Edition #4 Edition #5 Edition #6 Edition #7 Edition #8 Edition #9 East Asia and Pacific China CHN 2005-2010 2005-2010 2008-2012 2008-2012 2008-2012 2013-2015 2013-2016 2013-2016 2014-2019 East Asia and Pacific Fiji FJI 2008-2013 2008-2013 2008-2013 East Asia and Pacific Indonesia IDN 2011-2014 2011-2014 2011-2014 2011-2014 2015-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2015-2019 East Asia and Pacific Lao People's Democratic Republic LAO 2007-2012 2007-2012 2007-2012 2007-2012 2012-2018 2012-2018 East Asia and Pacific Malaysia MYS 2011-2015 2011-2015 2011-2015 East Asia and Pacific Mongolia MNG 2010-2014 2010-2014 2011-2016 2010-2016 2011-2018 2011-2018 2014-2018 East Asia and Pacific Myanmar MMR 2015-2017 East Asia and Pacific Philippines PHL 2006-2012 2006-2012 2006-2012 2009-2015 2009-2015 2009-2015 2012-2015 2015-2018 2015-2018 East Asia and Pacific Taiwan, China TWN 2013-2016 East Asia and Pacific Thailand THA 2006-2010 2008-2012 2008-2013 2009-2013 2009-2013 2010-2015 2014-2018 2015-2019 2014-2019 East Asia and Pacific Vietnam VNM 2004-2010 2004-2010 2010-2014 2010-2014 2010-2014 2010-2016 2012-2018 2014-2018 2014-2018 Europe and Central Asia Albania ALB 2008-2012 2008-2012 2008-2012 2008-2012 2008-2012 2014-2017 2014-2017 2014-2017 Europe and Central Asia Armenia ARM 2006-2011 2008-2013 2009-2014 2010-2015 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2013-2018 2013-2018 Europe and Central Asia Belarus BLR 2006-2011 2006-2011 2009-2014 2011-2016 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2014-2019 Europe and Central Asia Bulgaria BGR 2007-2011 2007-2012 2007-2012 2009-2014 2009-2014 2009-2014 2015-2018 2015-2019 Europe and Central Asia Croatia HRV 2004-2010 2009-2012 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 Europe and Central Asia Czech Republic CZE 2006-2011 2007-2012 2007-2012 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 Europe and Central Asia Estonia EST 2005-2010 2007-2012 2007-2012 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 Europe and Central Asia Georgia GEO 2007-2012 2008-2013 2009-2014 2011-2016 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 Europe and Central Asia Greece GRC 2007-2012 2007-2012 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 Europe and Central Asia Hungary HUN 2006-2011 2007-2012 2007-2012 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 Europe and Central Asia Kazakhstan KAZ 2006-2010 2009-2013 2008-2013 2010-2015 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2013-2018 Europe and Central Asia Kosovo XKX 2012-2015 2012-2015 2012-2015 2012-2017 2012-2017 2012-2017 Europe and Central Asia Kyrgyz Republic KGZ 2006-2011 2008-2012 2009-2014 2010-2015 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 Europe and Central Asia Latvia LVA 2006-2011 2007-2012 2007-2012 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 Europe and Central Asia Lithuania LTU 2006-2011 2007-2012 2007-2012 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 Europe and Central Asia Moldova MDA 2006-2011 2008-2013 2009-2014 2010-2015 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2013-2018 2014-2019 Europe and Central Asia Montenegro MNE 2006-2011 2008-2013 2009-2014 2009-2014 2009-2014 2009-2014 2012-2015 2012-2016 2013-2018 Europe and Central Asia North Macedonia MKD 2009-2013 2009-2014 2009-2014 2009-2014 2012-2017 2013-2018 2013-2018 Europe and Central Asia Poland POL 2006-2011 2007-2012 2007-2012 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2013-2018 Europe and Central Asia Romania ROU 2006-2011 2008-2013 2007-2012 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 Europe and Central Asia Russian Federation RUS 2004-2009 2007-2012 2007-2012 2010-2015 2010-2015 2010-2015 2013-2018 2013-2018 2015-2020 Europe and Central Asia Serbia SRB 2007-2010 2007-2010 2008-2013 2012-2014 2012-2015 2012-2015 2013-2017 2013-2017 2013-2017 Europe and Central Asia Slovak Republic SVK 2006-2011 2007-2012 2007-2012 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 Europe and Central Asia Slovenia SVN 2006-2011 2007-2012 2007-2012 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 Europe and Central Asia Tajikistan TJK 2004-2009 2009-2015 2009-2015 2009-2015 Europe and Central Asia Turkey TUR 2006-2011 2007-2012 2008-2013 2009-2014 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2014-2019 Europe and Central Asia Ukraine UKR 2005-2010 2008-2013 2009-2014 2010-2015 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 Latin America and the Caribbean Argentina ARG 2006-2011 2007-2012 2009-2014 2009-2014 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2016-2020 Latin America and the Caribbean Bolivia BOL 2006-2011 2007-2012 2009-2014 2009-2014 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 Latin America and the Caribbean Brazil BRA 2006-2011 2007-2012 2009-2014 2009-2015 2011-2015 2011-2015 2013-2018 2014-2019 2014-2019 Latin America and the Caribbean Chile CHL 2006-2011 2006-2011 2009-2013 2009-2015 2009-2015 2009-2015 2013-2017 2013-2017 2015-2020 Latin America and the Caribbean Colombia COL 2008-2011 2008-2012 2009-2014 2010-2015 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 Latin America and the Caribbean Costa Rica CRI 2004-2009 2010-2013 2010-2014 2010-2015 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 Latin America and the Caribbean Dominican Republic DOM 2006-2011 2007-2012 2009-2013 2010-2015 2011-2016 2011-2016 2011-2016 2011-2016 Latin America and the Caribbean Ecuador ECU 2006-2011 2007-2012 2009-2014 2010-2015 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 Latin America and the Caribbean El Salvador SLV 2006-2011 2007-2012 2009-2014 2010-2015 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2014-2019 10 Latin America and the Caribbean Honduras HND 2006-2011 2007-2012 2009-2014 2010-2015 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2014-2019 Latin America and the Caribbean Mexico MEX 2006-2010 2008-2012 2010-2014 2010-2014 2010-2014 2010-2014 2016-2020 Latin America and the Caribbean Nicaragua NIC 2005-2009 2009-2014 2009-2014 2009-2014 2009-2014 Latin America and the Caribbean Panama PAN 2008-2011 2008-2012 2009-2014 2010-2015 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2014-2019 Latin America and the Caribbean Paraguay PRY 2006-2011 2007-2012 2009-2014 2009-2015 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 Latin America and the Caribbean Peru PER 2006-2011 2007-2012 2009-2014 2009-2014 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2015-2020 Latin America and the Caribbean Uruguay URY 2006-2011 2007-2012 2009-2014 2009-2014 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 2014-2019 Middle East and North Africa Egypt, Arab Republic of EGY 2010-2012 2010-2012 2010-2012 2012-2017 2012-2017 2012-2017 Middle East and North Africa Iran, Islamic Republic of IRN 2009-2013 2009-2013 2009-2014 2009-2014 2009-2014 2014-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 Middle East and North Africa Iraq IRQ 2006-2012 2006-2012 2006-2012 2006-2012 Middle East and North Africa Jordan JOR 2006-2010 2006-2010 2008-2010 2008-2010 Middle East and North Africa Tunisia TUN 2005-2010 2005-2010 2010-2015 Middle East and North Africa West Bank and Gaza PSE 2004-2009 2009-2011 2009-2011 2011-2016 2011-2016 2011-2016 Rest of the World Australia AUS 2003-2010 2014-2018 Rest of the World Austria AUT 2007-2012 2007-2012 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 Rest of the World Belgium BEL 2007-2012 2007-2012 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 Rest of the World Canada CAN 2004-2010 2010-2013 2012-2017 2012-2017 Rest of the World Cyprus CYP 2007-2012 2007-2012 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 Rest of the World Denmark DNK 2007-2012 2007-2012 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 Rest of the World Finland FIN 2007-2012 2007-2012 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 Rest of the World France FRA 2007-2012 2007-2012 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2013-2018 Rest of the World Germany DEU 2006-2011 2006-2011 2007-2011 2007-2011 2010-2015 2011-2016 2011-2016 2013-2018 Rest of the World Iceland ISL 2007-2012 2007-2012 2009-2014 2009-2014 2009-2014 2010-2015 2012-2017 2012-2017 Rest of the World Ireland IRL 2007-2012 2007-2012 2009-2014 2009-2014 2010-2015 2011-2016 2012-2017 2013-2018 Rest of the World Israel ISR 2005-2010 2010-2016 2012-2016 2013-2018 Rest of the World Italy ITA 2007-2012 2007-2012 2009-2014 2009-2014 2010-2015 2012-2017 2012-2017 2013-2018 Rest of the World Korea, Rep. KOR 2012-2016 Rest of the World Luxembourg LUX 2007-2012 2007-2012 2009-2014 2009-2014 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 Rest of the World Malta MLT 2009-2014 2009-2014 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 Rest of the World Netherlands NLD 2007-2012 2007-2012 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 Rest of the World Norway NOR 2007-2012 2007-2012 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 Rest of the World Portugal PRT 2007-2012 2007-2012 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 Rest of the World Spain ESP 2007-2012 2007-2012 2008-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 Rest of the World Sweden SWE 2007-2012 2007-2012 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2014-2019 Rest of the World Switzerland CHE 2007-2012 2007-2012 2008-2013 2009-2014 2010-2015 2012-2017 2013-2018 2013-2018 Rest of the World United Arab Emirates ARE 2013-2018 2013-2018 Rest of the World United Kingdom GBR 2007-2012 2007-2012 2009-2014 2010-2015 2010-2015 2011-2016 2012-2017 2012-2017 Rest of the World United States USA 2007-2013 2007-2013 2007-2013 2010-2016 2010-2016 2010-2016 2013-2018 2014-2019 South Asia Bangladesh BGD 2005-2010 2005-2010 2010-2016 2010-2016 2010-2016 2010-2016 South Asia Bhutan BTN 2007-2012 2007-2012 2007-2012 2007-2012 2012-2017 2012-2017 2012-2017 2012-2017 South Asia India IND 2004-2011 2004-2011 2004-2011 South Asia Nepal NPL 2003-2010 2003-2010 South Asia Pakistan PAK 2005-2010 2004-2010 2007-2013 2007-2013 2007-2013 2010-2015 2010-2015 2013-2018 2013-2018 South Asia Sri Lanka LKA 2006-2009 2006-2012 2006-2012 2009-2012 2012-2016 2012-2016 2012-2016 2012-2016 Sub-Saharan Africa Benin BEN 2011-2015 2011-2015 2011-2015 Sub-Saharan Africa Botswana BWA 2002-2009 2009-2015 11 Sub-Saharan Africa Burkina Faso BFA 2009-2014 2009-2014 2009-2014 Sub-Saharan Africa Cameroon CMR 2007-2014 2007-2014 Sub-Saharan Africa Congo, Democratic Republic of COD 2004-2012 2004-2012 Sub-Saharan Africa Congo, Republic of COG 2005-2011 2005-2011 2005-2011 Sub-Saharan Africa Cote d'Ivoire CIV 2008-2015 2008-2015 2008-2015 Sub-Saharan Africa Eswatini SWZ 2009-2016 Sub-Saharan Africa Ethiopia ETH 2004-2010 2004-2010 2010-2015 2010-2015 2010-2015 Sub-Saharan Africa Gambia GMB 2010-2015 Sub-Saharan Africa Ghana GHA 2012-2016 2012-2016 Sub-Saharan Africa Guinea GIN 2007-2012 Sub-Saharan Africa Madagascar MDG 2005-2010 2005-2010 2010-2012 2010-2012 Sub-Saharan Africa Malawi MWI 2004-2010 2004-2010 2010-2016 2010-2016 2016-2019 Sub-Saharan Africa Mali MLI 2006-2009 2006-2009 Sub-Saharan Africa Mauritania MRT 2008-2014 2008-2014 2008-2014 2008-2014 Sub-Saharan Africa Mauritius MUS 2006-2012 2006-2012 2006-2012 2006-2012 2012-2017 2012-2017 2012-2017 Sub-Saharan Africa Mozambique MOZ 2002-2008 2008-2014 2008-2014 Sub-Saharan Africa Namibia NAM 2003-2009 2009-2015 2009-2015 Sub-Saharan Africa Niger NER 2007-2014 2011-2014 Sub-Saharan Africa Nigeria NGA 2003-2009 2003-2009 Sub-Saharan Africa Rwanda RWA 2005-2010 2005-2010 2010-2013 2010-2013 2010-2013 2010-2013 2013-2016 2013-2016 Sub-Saharan Africa Senegal SEN 2005-2011 2005-2011 2005-2011 Sub-Saharan Africa Seychelles SYC 2013-2018 2013-2018 Sub-Saharan Africa Sierra Leone SLE 2011-2018 2011-2018 Sub-Saharan Africa South Africa ZAF 2005-2010 2005-2010 2010-2014 2010-2014 2010-2014 Sub-Saharan Africa Tanzania TZA 2007-2011 2007-2011 2007-2011 2007-2011 2012-2018 2012-2018 2012-2018 Sub-Saharan Africa Togo TGO 2006-2011 2006-2011 2011-2015 2011-2015 2011-2015 2011-2015 2011-2015 Sub-Saharan Africa Uganda UGA 2005-2012 2009-2012 2009-2012 2009-2012 2009-2012 2012-2016 2012-2016 2012-2016 2016-2019 Sub-Saharan Africa Zambia ZMB 2010-2015 2010-2015 2010-2015 2010-2015 Sub-Saharan Africa Zimbabwe ZWE 2011-2017 2011-2017 12