57869 MIGRATION AND REMITTANCES FACTBOOK 2011 SECOND EDITION MIGRATION AND REMITTANCES FACTBOOK 2011 MIGRATION AND REMITTANCES FACTBOOK 2011 2nd Edition © 2011 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org All rights reserved 1 2 3 4 13 12 11 10 This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. 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ISBN: 978-0-8213-8218-9 eISBN: 978-0-8213-8511-1 DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8218-9 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data has been applied for. Cover and interior design by Auras Design. Contents Foreword | vii Highlights | ix Acknowledgments | xi Data Notes | xiii Migration and Remittances: Top Countries | 1 South­South Migration versus South­North Migration | 12 Remittances Compared with Other Resource Flows | 17 World | 18 Developing Countries | 20 Regional Tables | 22 East Asia and Pacific | 23 Europe and Central Asia | 25 Latin America and the Caribbean | 27 Middle East and North Africa | 29 South Asia | 31 Sub-Saharan Africa | 33 Income-Group Tables | 35 Low-Income Countries | 36 Middle-Income Countries | 38 High-Income OECD Countries | 40 High-Income Non-OECD Countries | 42 Other Country Group Tables | 44 Least Developed Countries | 45 Fragile States | 47 Small States | 49 v Country Tables | 51 Afghanistan­Zimbabwe | 53­262 Glossary | 263 List of Figures Top Immigration Countries (number of immigrants), 2010 | 1 Top Immigration Countries (percentage of population), 2010 | 2 Top Emigration Countries (number of emigrants), 2010 | 3 Top Emigration Countries (percentage of population), 2010 | 4 Top Migration Corridors (number of migrants), 2010 | 5 Top Migration Corridors (excluding the Former Soviet Union) number of migrants, 2010 | 6 Top Destination Countries for Refugees (number of migrants), 2010 | 7 Top Destination Countries for Refugees (percentage of migrants), 2010 | 8 Top Emigration Countries of Tertiary-Educated (number of migrants), 2000 | 9 Top Emigration Countries of Physicians (number of migrants), 2000 | 10 Top Emigration Countries of Physicians (percentage of total physicians trained in the country), 2000 | 11 Top Remittance-Receiving Countries (US$ billions), 2010e | 13 Top Remittance-Receiving Countries (percentage of GDP), 2009 | 14 Top Remittance-Sending Countries (US$ billions), 2009 | 15 Top Remittance-Sending Countries (percentage of GDP), 2009 | 16 Remittance Flows Are Large and Resilient | 17 vi Contents Foreword There are more than 215 million international migrants in the world. Recorded remittances received by developing countries, estimated to be US$325 billion in 2010, far exceed the volume of official aid flows and constitute more than 10 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in many developing countries. Cross-country analysis and evidence from household surveys suggest that migration and remittances reduce poverty in the origin communities. Remittances lead to increased investments in health, education, and small businesses. At the same time, the loss of skills associated with migration can hamper develop- ment and delivery of basic services in sending countries. The diaspora of de- veloping countries can be a source of capital, trade, investment, knowledge, and technology transfers. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 provides a comprehensive picture of emigration, skilled emigration, immigration, and remittance flows for 210 countries and 15 country groups, drawing on authoritative, publicly available data. The current edition of the Factbook updates the information in the popular 2008 edition with additional data for 71 countries collected from various sources, including national censuses, labor force surveys, population registers, and other national sources. In addition, it provides selected socioeconomic characteristics such as population, labor force, age dependency ratio, gross national income (GNI) per capita, and poverty headcount for each country and regional grouping. More frequent and timely monitoring of migration and remittance trends can provide policy makers, researchers, and the development community with the tools to make informed decisions. The Factbook makes an important contribution to this effort by providing the latest available data and facts on migration and vii remittance trends worldwide in a comprehensive and readily accessible format. The Factbook is part of a broader effort of the Development Prospects Group of the World Bank to monitor and analyze migration and remittances from a development perspective. Hans Timmer Director, Development Prospects Group The World Bank viii Foreword Highlights Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 presents numbers and facts behind the stories of international migration and remittances, drawing on authoritative, publicly available data. Some interesting facts: More than 215 million people, or 3 percent of the world population, live outside their countries of birth. Current migration flows, relative to population, are weaker than those of the last decades of the nineteenth century. The top migrant destination country is the United States, followed by the Russian Federation, Germany, Saudi Arabia, and Canada. The top immigration countries, relative to population, are Qatar (87 percent), Monaco (72 percent), the United Arab Emirates (70 percent), Kuwait (69 percent), and Andorra (64 percent). The United States has seen the largest inflows of migrants between 2005 and 2010. There was a surge of migrant flows to Spain, Italy, and the United Kingdom, mainly from Eastern Europe as well as Latin America and North Africa. The six Gulf Cooperation Council countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates) have also seen a significant increase in migrant flows in the past few years, mostly from South Asia and East Asia. However, new migration flows in all regions have weakened because of the global financial crisis. The volume of South­South migration (migration between developing countries) is larger than migration from the South to high-income countries belonging to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). High-income non-OECD countries such as the Gulf countries are also major destinations for migrants from the South. South­South migration is significantly larger than migration ix from the South to high-income OECD countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (73 percent) and Europe and Central Asia (61 percent). According to available official data, Mexico­United States is the largest migration corridor in the world, accounting for 11.6 million migrants in 2010. Migration corridors in the former Soviet Union-- Russia­Ukraine and Ukraine­Russia--are the next largest, followed by Bangladesh­India; in these corridors, many natives became migrants without moving when new international boundaries were drawn. Smaller countries tend to have higher rates of skilled emigration. Almost all physicians trained in Grenada and Dominica have emigrated abroad. Cape Verde, Fiji, Liberia, São Tomé and Principe, and St. Lucia are also among the countries with very high emigration rates of physicians. Refugees and asylum seekers made up 16.3 million, or 8 percent, of international migrants in 2010. The share of refugees in the migrant population was 14.6 percent in low-income countries compared with 2.1 percent in high-income OECD countries. The Middle East and North Africa region had the largest share of refugees and asylum seekers among immigrants (65 percent), followed by South Asia (20 percent), Sub-Saharan Africa (17 percent), and East Asia and Pacific (8.8 percent). In 2010, worldwide remittance flows are estimated to have exceeded $440 billion. From that amount, developing countries received $325 billion, which represents an increase of 6 percent from the 2009 level. The true size, including unrecorded flows through formal and informal channels, is believed to be significantly larger. Recorded remittances in 2009 were nearly three times the amount of official aid and almost as large as foreign direct investment (FDI) flows to developing countries. In 2010, the top recipient countries of recorded remittances were , India, China, Mexico, the Philippines, and France. As a share of GDP however, smaller countries such as Tajikistan (35 percent), Tonga (28 percent), Lesotho (25 percent), Moldova (31 percent), and Nepal (23 percent) were the largest recipients in 2009. High-income countries are the main source of remittances. The United States is by far the largest, with $48 billion in recorded outward flows in 2009. Saudi Arabia ranks as the second largest, followed by Switzerland and Russia. Remittance flows to developing countries proved to be resilient during the recent global financial crisis--they fell only 5.5 percent in 2009 and registered a quick recovery in 2010. By contrast, there was a decline of 40 percent in FDI flows and a 46 percent decline in private debt and portfolio equity flows in 2009. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 is also available online at http:// www.worldbank.org/prospects/migrationandremittances. The Web site also provides updates of data and information on migration and remittances. x Highlights Acknowledgments Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 was compiled by Dilip Ratha, Sanket Mohapatra, and Ani Silwal of the Development Prospects Group at the World Bank. They gratefully acknowledge constructive comments and advice at various stages of publication from Susan Martin of Georgetown University; Jean-Christophe Dumont and Sarah Widmaier of the Organisation for Eco- nomic Co-operation and Development; Rakesh Kochhar and Mark Lopez of the Pew Hispanic Center; and Sonia Plaza, Neil Ruiz, Elina Scheja, and Hans Timmer of the World Bank. Production of this volume (including design, editing, and layout) was coordinated by Stephen McGroarty and Susan Graham of the Office of the Publisher at the World Bank. The printing was managed by Andrés Meneses. xi Data Notes The data on migration, remittances, and other socioeconomic variables presented in Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 (Factbook 2011) are the latest available as of October 1, 2010. The reader is advised to note the pitfalls of using the data on international migration and remittances, which are often missing, lagging, or lacking in cross-country comparability. Capturing data on irregular movements of migrants and remittances remains a big challenge. Changes to Country Classification since the 2008 Edition of the Factbook The aggregate data on migration and remittances for different regions and income groups have changed since the publication of Migration and Remittances Factbook 2008 (Factbook 2008) because of changes in country classification (see table 1). These changes, in particular the reclassification of Poland as a high-income country, reduce the total remittances received by developing countries to US$307 billion, reported in Factbook 2011, from US$316 billion, reported by Ratha, Mohapatra, and Silwal (2010) in April 2010. The World Bank country classifications (World Bank 2010a) include any territory with population greater than 30,000 for which authorities report separate social and economic statistics. One exception is Palau, which has a population of less than 30,000 but appears in the classifications because it is a World Bank member state. These territories include American Samoa; Aruba; Bermuda; Cayman Islands; Faeroe Islands; French Polynesia; Greenland; Guam; Hong Kong SAR, China; Isle of Man; Macao SAR, China; Mayotte; Netherlands Antilles; New Caledonia; Northern Mariana Islands; Puerto Rico; and Virgin Islands (U.S.). Residents of some of these entities have access to citizenship rights of other entities (e.g., Puerto Ricans are U.S. citizens). However, to maintain consistency with the World Bank's country classification, migrants between these entities are considered international migrants in Factbook 2011. xiii Table 1 Changes to World Bank Income Classification between 2008 and 2011 Income group Income group Country (July 2007) (July 2010) Antigua and Barbuda .. Middle Channel Islands .. High Côte d'Ivoire Low Middle Croatia Middle High Equatorial Guinea Middle High Gibraltar a .. High Hungary Middle High India Low Middle Isle of Man .. High Kosovo .. Middle Latvia Middle High Mongolia Low Middle Montenegro .. Middle Nigeria Low Middle Northern Mariana Islands .. High Oman Middle High Pakistan Low Middle Papua New Guinea Low Middle Poland Middle High São Tomé and Principe Low Middle Senegal Low Middle Serbia .. Middle Serbia and Montenegrob Middle .. Slovak Republic Middle High Sudan Low Middle Timor-Leste Low Middle Turks and Caicos Islandsa .. High Tuvalua .. Middle Uzbekistan Low Middle Vietnam Low Middle Yemen, Rep. Low Middle Source: World Bank country classifications (World Bank 2010a). a. These countries were added to the World Bank's country classifications in July 2010 but are not included in Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 because very little data are available on them. b. Serbia and Montenegro are now separate countries. . . indicates that these countries were not included in the World Bank's country classification. Data on Migration According to the "Recommendations on Statistics of International Migration" by the United Nations Statistics Division (1998), long-term migrants are persons who move to a country other than that of their usual residence for a period of at least one year, so that the country of destination effectively becomes their new country of usual residence. Short-term migrants are persons who move to a country other than that of their usual residence for a period of at least three months but less than one year except in cases where the movement to that country is for pur- poses of recreation, holiday, visits to friends and relatives, business, medical treatment, or religious pilgrimage (UN Statistics Division 1998). The duration threshold that identifies migrants varies across countries (Lemaitre, Liebig, and Thoreau 2006). For example, under the United Nations xiv Data Notes (UN) definition, international students who study in the receiving country for more than one year would be considered migrants. The International Migration Outlook (OECD 2006) made a first attempt to characterize migrants by "reasons for movement" and to harmonize statistics among Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. The database of the UN Population Division (UNPD) is the most comprehensive source of information on international migrant stocks for the period 1960­2010 for all 210 countries in this Factbook (UNPD 2009). The bilateral migrant stock data used here for 193 countries are based on statistics on foreign-born population for 109 countries, foreign nationality data for 75 countries, and migrant stock data that are estimated indirectly using various assumptions for 9 countries. Data on bilateral migration are not available for 17 countries. Preliminary efforts to estimate bilateral migration data include data by Harrison (2004), the University of Sussex data originally constructed for the Global Trade Analysis Project trade modeling, and data by the Development Prospects Group of the World Bank used for estimating South­South migration and remittance flows (Ratha and Shaw 2007). Parsons et al. (2007) have created a "composite" matrix that contains estimates of bilateral migrant stocks for 226 x 226 countries. Because these data were constructed for modeling purposes, Parsons et al. use a variety of assumptions to make total immigrant stock add up to total emigrant stock.1 We have updated the bilateral migration matrix compiled by Ratha and Shaw (2007) using data from various sources. Bilateral migration data for the following 42 countries were updated using national censuses compiled by the UNPD (2010): Angola; Azerbaijan; Benin; Bhutan; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cameroon; Cape Verde; Colombia; the Comoros; Côte d'Ivoire; Cuba; Djibouti; Dominica; the Arab Republic of Egypt; El Salvador; Faeroe Islands; Gabon; The Gambia; Guinea; Indonesia; Iraq; Jamaica; Jordan; Kenya; the Lao People's Democratic Republic; Liberia; Macao SAR, China; the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; Malaysia; Mali; Malta; Niger; Puerto Rico; San Marino; Sierra Leone; St. Kitts and Nevis; Suriname; Tajikistan; Timor-Leste; the Republic of Yemen; and Zimbabwe. The latest immigration data for the following countries belonging to the OECD were obtained from the International Migration Database (OECD 2010): Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, the Slovak Republic, Spain, and Sweden. Data for most countries are for 2005 and 2007. The data collected from national-level labor force and population surveys are the best available data on immigrant stocks since the 2000 round of censuses, even though the coverage of migrants in this database is somewhat heterogeneous across countries. Available bilateral migration data for the United States from the 2000 census were complemented with the nationally representative American Community Survey for 2008 (U.S. Census Bureau 2008). Census data on immigrants in the United Kingdom was complemented with more recent migration data from the UK Office of National Statistics (UK ONS 2009). Immigration data for the six Gulf Cooperation Council countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi 1 The resulting final bilateral migrant stock matrix, according to Parsons et al. (2007), "though the fullest, is arguably the least accurate set of data" (Parsons et al. 2007, 11). Data Notes xv Arabia, and United Arab Emirates) were obtained from Kapiszewski (2006). The quality of data on bilateral migration is as good (or poor) as the quality of the population censuses and other national-level sources in different countries, but in a number of countries, the data are simply missing. The 2010 round of censuses are currently being conducted, but the data are not available as of October 2010. As discussed above, the census data from the 2000 round of censuses were supplemented with the latest available data from national-level sources to obtain the most recent picture of migrant stocks for 2010. Available data may not accurately reflect some recent trends, such as return of migrants from the United Kingdom to Poland or from the Russian Federation to Tajikistan because of the global financial crisis. Even in the 2010 census round, a number of countries (including Japan, Mexico, Korea, the Philippines, and Egypt) do not plan to ask about the country of birth (Center for Global Development 2009). However, other important countries are starting to record foreign-born persons. China recently announced that it will ask questions about migrant workers in the 2010 census.2 Although the UNPD estimates that there are 0.7 million immigrants in China in 2010 (the figure used in Factbook 2011), the Chinese authorities report 2.9 million registered foreign workers in 2007. The actual number, including the unregistered and illegal workers, is likely to be far higher. Data on Remittances3 Migrant remittances are defined as the sum of workers' remittances, compensation of employees, and migrants' transfers. Workers' remittances, as defined by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the Balance of Payments Manual, 6th edition (IMF 2010a), are current private transfers from migrant workers who are considered residents of the host country to recipients in the workers' country of origin.4 If the migrants live in the host country for one year or longer, they are considered residents, regardless of their immigration status. If the migrants have lived in the host country for less than one year, their entire income in the host country should be classified as compensation of employees. Although the residence guideline in the manual is clear, this rule is often not followed for various reasons. Many countries compile data based on the citizenship of the migrant worker rather than on their residency status. Further, data are shown entirely as either compensation of employees or worker remittances, although they should be split between the two categories if the guidelines were correctly followed.5 The distinction between these two categories 2 Eimer, David. 2010. "Beijing plans curbs on number of foreigners working in China." Telegraph.co.uk, May 23. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/7756638/Beijing-plans-curbs-on-number-of-foreigners- working-in-China.html. 3 This part is based on Global Economic Prospects 2006 (World Bank 2006). See also IMF (2009). 4 Official statistics on remittances tend to underestimate the size of remittance flows. Following a request from the G7 nations in June 2004, the World Bank together with the IMF and the UN led an international working group to improve remittance statistics. Based on the recommendation of the Luxembourg Group, the new Balance of Payments Manual, 6th edition, includes three new items: personal remittances, total remittances, and total remit- tances and transfers to nonprofit institutions serving households. 5 For example, India shows very little compensation of employees, but large workers' remittances, although it is well known that India supplies a large number of temporary information technology workers to the United States and to European countries. On the other hand, the Philippines shows large compensation of employees and very few migrants' transfers. xvi Data Notes appears to be entirely arbitrary, depending on country preference, convenience, and tax laws or data availability.6 Migrants' transfers are the net worth of migrants' assets that are transferred from one country to another at the time of migration (for a period of at least one year). As the number of temporary workers increases, the importance of migrants' transfers may increase. Therefore, to gain a complete picture of the resource flow, one has to consider these three items together. Some countries do not report data on remittances in the IMF Balance of Payments statistics. Several developing countries (for example, Afghanistan, Cuba, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Zimbabwe) do not report remittance inflows data to the IMF, even though it is known that emigration from those countries took place. Some high-income countries (notably Canada, Qatar, Singapore, and the United Arab Emirates) do not report data on remittance outflows, even though they are important destinations for migrants. A global survey of central banks reveals significant heterogeneity in the quality of remittance data compilation across countries (Irving, Mohapatra, and Ratha 2010). Some central banks use remittance data reported by commercial banks, but do not adequately capture flows through money transfer operators, post offices, and emerging channels such as mobile money transfers. Even when data are available and properly classified, in some cases, these data are out of date. The methodologies used by countries for remittance data compilation are not always publicly available. It is hoped that the increased awareness about the importance of remittances and the shortcomings in the data on both remittances and migrant workers will result in efforts to improve data collection. In some cases, such as China, Malaysia, and Nigeria, the sources for total remittances are different from data on workers' remittances, compensation of employees, and migrants' transfer. As a result, the total remittances figure does not match the sum of the components. Perhaps the most difficult aspect of remittance data is estimating informal flows. One way to estimate the true size of remittances is to undertake surveys of remittance senders and recipients. Without new, adequately randomized and representative surveys of recipients and senders, evidence from existing household surveys will only be indicative rather than comprehensive. Caveats on the Quality of Data As discussed above, the authors have built on Factbook 2008 by updating the latest migration data from the UN Population Division, national censuses, labor force surveys, population registers, and other national sources for 210 countries. The remittance data were obtained from Ratha, Mohapatra, and Silwal (2010), whose data were based on the IMF Balance of Payments database as well as data from central banks, national statistical agencies, and World Bank country desks. Factbook 2011 has arguably the most comprehensive collection of data and facts on migration and remittances that is available. However, the reader is advised to note the pitfalls of using currently available migration and remittance data. Remittance flows and the stock of migrants may 6 Because of the difficulty in classifications, countries have often classified workers' remittances as either other current transfers or transfers from other sectors. In some countries, notably China, remittances may have been misclassified as foreign direct investment. In the case of India and many other countries, remittances may have been classified as nonresident deposits, especially those in local currency terms. Data Notes xvii be underestimated due to the use of informal remittance channels, irregular migration, and ambiguity in the definition of migrants (foreign born versus foreigner, seasonal versus permanent). Considerably more effort is needed to improve the quality of data. The recommendations of a commission on improving migration data led by the Center for Global Development appear to be a step in the right direction (Center for Global Development 2009). Sources of Data Data on immigration and emigration are from UNPD (2009) and Ratha and Shaw (2007). Data on the emigration rate of the tertiary-educated population are from Docquier and Marfouk (2006). Data on emigration of physicians are from Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan (2010), while supplementary data on physicians and data on nurses are from Clemens and Pettersson (2006) and are used for Sub-Saharan African countries. Data on remittances are from Ratha, Mohapatra, and Silwal (2010), and data on the components of remittances are from IMF (2010b). Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan (2010) update the information in Docquier and Bhargava (2006) with additional destination countries and a harmonized definition of migrant physicians across countries. Data on the following variables are from World Bank (2010b): Population, Population growth, Population density, Labor force, Unemployment rate, Urban population, Surface area, GNI (gross national income), GNI per capita, GDP (gross domestic product) growth, Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line, and Age dependency ratio. In the tables, "--" indicates the data are not available and "2010e" indicates 2010 estimate. Bibliography Bilsborrow, Richard E., Graeme Hugo, Amarjit S. Oberai, Hania Zlotnik. 1997. Interna- tional Migration Statistics, Guidelines for Improving Data Collection Systems. Geneva: International Labour Office. Bhargava, Alok, Frédéric Docquier, and Yasser Moullan. 2010. "Modeling the Effect of Physician Emigration on Human Development." Manuscript. http://ssrn.com/ abstract=1555775. Center for Global Development. 2009. Migrants Count: Five Steps Toward Better Migration Data. Report of the Commission on International Migration Data for Development Research and Policy, Washington, DC: Center for Global Development. Clemens, Michael A., and Gunilla Pettersson. 2006. "New Data on African Health Profes- sionals Abroad." Working Paper 95, Center for Global Development, Washington, DC. Docquier, Frédéric, and Alok Bhargava. 2006. "The Medical Brain Drain: A New Panel Dataset on Physicians' Emigration Rates (1991­2004)." World Bank, Washington, DC. Docquier, Frédéric, and Abdeslam Marfouk. 2006. "International Migration by Education Attainment 1990­2000." In International Migration, Remittances, and the Brain Drain, ed. Caglar Özden and Maurice Schiff,, 151­99. Palgrave Macmillan: New York; and the World Bank: Washington, DC. Harrison, Anne, assisted by Tolani Britton and Annika Swanson. 2004. "Working Abroad-- The Benefits Flowing from Nationals Working in Other Countries." Paper prepared for the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Round Table on Sustain- able Development, Paris. IMF (International Monetary Fund). 2009. International Transactions in Remittances: Guide for Compilers and Users. Washington, DC: IMF. xviii Data Notes __________. 2010a. Balance of Payments Manual. 6th ed. Washington, DC: IMF. __________. 2010b. Balance of Payments Statistics Database. Washington, DC. http:// www2.imfstatistics.org/BOP/. Irving, Jacqueline, Sanket Mohapatra, and Dilip Ratha. 2010. "Migrant Remittance Flows: Findings from a Global Survey of Central Banks." Working Paper 94, World Bank, Washington, DC. Kapiszewski, Andrzej. 2006. "Arab Versus Asian Migrant Workers in the GCC Countries." Paper presented at the United Nations Expert Group Meeting on Interna- tional Migration and Development in the Arab Region, Beirut, May 15­17. UN/POP/ EGM/2006/02. Lemaitre, George, Thomas Liebig, and Cécile Thoreau. 2006. "Harmonized Statistics on Immigrant Inflows--Preliminary Results, Sources and Methods." Report, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris. OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2006. International Migration Outlook. Paris: OECD. __________. 2010. International Migration Database. Paris. http://stats.oecd.org/Index. aspx?DataSetCode=MIG. Parsons, Christopher R., Ronald Skeldon, Terrie L. Walmsley, and L. Alan Winters. 2007. "Quantifying International Migration: A Database of Bilateral Migrant Stocks." Policy Research Working Paper 4165, World Bank, Washington, DC. Ratha, Dilip. 2003. "Worker's Remittances: An Important and Stable Source of External Development Finance." In Global Development Finance: Striving for Stability in Develop- ment Finance, 157­75. Washington, DC: World Bank. Ratha, Dilip, Sanket Mohapatra, and Ani Silwal. 2010. Migration and Development Brief 12, World Bank, Washington, DC, April. Ratha, Dilip, and William Shaw. 2007. "South­South Migration and Remittances." Work- ing Paper 102, World Bank, Washington, DC. Taylor, J. Edward. 2000. "Do Government Programs `Crowd-in' Remittances?" Tomás Rivera Policy Institute, University of Southern California, and Inter-American Dialogue, Washington, DC. UK ONS (United Kingdom Office of National Statistics). 2009. UN (United Nations) Statistics Division. 1998. "Recommendations on Statistics of Inter- national Migration, Revision 1." Statistical Papers Series M, No. 58, United Nations, New York. UNPD (United Nations Population Division). 2009. Trends in Total Migrant Stock: The 2008 Revision. New York: UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs. __________. 2010. United Nations Global Migration Database v.0.3.6. New York. http:// esa.un.org/unmigration/. U.S. (United States) Census Bureau. 2008. American Community Survey. World Bank. 1990. World Devlopment Report 1990. Washington, DC: World Bank. __________. 2006. Global Economic Prospects 2006: Economic Implications of Remit- tances and Migration. Washington, DC: World Bank. __________. 2010a. World Bank Country Classifications database. Washington, DC: World Bank. http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-classifications. __________. 2010b. World Development Indicators. Washington, DC: World Bank. Data Notes xix Migration and Remittances: Top Countries Top Immigration Countriesa, 2010 number of immigrants, millions United Statesb 42.8 Russian Federationb 12.3 Germany b 10.8 Saudi Arabiab 7.3 Canadab 7.2 United Kingdomb 7.0 Spainb 6.9 Franceb 6.7 Australiab 5.5 Indiab 5.4 Ukraine 5.3 Italy 4.5 Pakistan 4.2 United Arab Emirates 3.3 Kazakhstan 3.1 Jordan 3.0 Israel 2.9 Hong Kong SAR, China 2.7 Côte d'Ivoire 2.4 Malaysia 2.4 Syrian Arab Republic 2.2 Japan 2.2 Iran, Islamic Rep. 2.1 Kuwait 2.1 Singapore 2.0 West Bank and Gaza 1.9 South Africa 1.9 Ghana 1.9 Switzerland 1.8 Netherlands 1.8 Sources: Development Prospects Group, World Bank; UNPD 2009. a. Includes countries and territories (see Data Notes, page xiii). b. Top 10 country. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 1 Top Immigration Countriesa, 2010 percentage of population Qatar b 86.5 Monacob 71.6 United Arab Emiratesb 70.0 Kuwait b 68.8 Andorrab 64.4 Cayman Islandsb 63.0 Northern Mariana Islandsb 62.0 Virgin Islands (U.S.)b 56.5 Macao SAR, Chinab 54.7 Isle of Manb 54.6 Channel Islands 49.8 Jordan 45.9 Guam 43.9 West Bank and Gaza 43.6 American Samoa 41.4 Singapore 40.7 Israel 40.4 Bahrain 39.1 Hong Kong SAR, China 38.8 San Marino 37.0 Brunei Darussalam 36.4 Mayotte 36.0 Luxembourg 35.2 Liechtenstein 34.6 Aruba 31.9 Bermuda 30.7 Oman 28.4 Palau 28.1 Saudi Arabia 27.8 Netherlands Antilles 26.4 Sources: Development Prospects Group, World Bank; UNPD 2009. a. Includes countries and territories (see Data Notes, page xiii). b. Top 10 country. 2 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Top Emigration Countriesa, 2010 number of emigrants, millions Mexicob 11.9 Indiab 11.4 Russian Federationb 11.1 Chinab 8.3 Ukraineb 6.6 Bangladesh b 5.4 Pakistanb 4.7 United Kingdomb 4.7 Philippinesb 4.3 Turkey b 4.3 Egypt, Arab Rep. 3.7 Kazakhstan 3.7 Germany 3.5 Italy 3.5 Poland 3.1 Morocco 3.0 West Bank and Gaza 3.0 Romania 2.8 Indonesia 2.5 United States 2.4 Afghanistan 2.3 Portugal 2.2 Vietnam 2.2 Colombia 2.1 Korea, Rep. 2.1 Uzbekistan 2.0 Sri Lanka 1.8 Belarus 1.8 France 1.7 Puerto Rico 1.7 Sources: Development Prospects Group, World Bank; UNPD 2009. a. Includes countries and territories (see Data Notes, page xiii). b. Top 10 country. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 3 Top Emigration Countriesa, 2010 percentage of population West Bank and Gazab 68.3 b Samoa 67.3 Grenadab 65.5 b St. Kitts and Nevis 61.0 Guyanab 56.8 Monacob 56.4 b Antigua and Barbuda 48.3 b Tonga 45.4 Albaniab 45.4 Barbadosb 41.0 Suriname 39.0 Bosnia and Herzegovina 38.9 Palau 38.8 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 37.6 Cape Verde 37.5 Jamaica 36.1 Armenia 28.2 Trinidad and Tobago 26.7 Malta 26.2 Georgia 25.1 Kazakhstan 23.6 St. Lucia 23.2 Macedonia, FYR 21.9 São Tomé and Principe 21.9 Moldova 21.5 Fiji 21.3 Portugal 20.8 Lesotho 20.5 El Salvador 20.5 Sources: Development Prospects Group, World Bank. a. Includes countries and territories (see Data Notes, page xiii). b. Top 10 country. 4 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Top Migration Corridors, 2010 number of migrants, millions Mexico­United Statesa 11.6 Russian Federation­Ukrainea 3.7 Ukraine­Russian Federationa 3.6 Bangladesh­Indiaa 3.3 Turkey­Germany a 2.7 Kazakhstan­Russian Federationa 2.6 Russian Federation­Kazakhstanv 2.2 China­Hong Kong SAR, Chinaa 2.2 India­United Arab Emiratesa 2.2 China­United Statesa 1.7 Philippines­United States 1.7 Afghanistan­Iran, Islamic Rep. 1.7 India­United States 1.7 Puerto Rico­United States 1.7 West Bank and Gaza­ 1.5 Syrian Arab Republic India­Saudi Arabia 1.5 Indonesia­Malaysia 1.4 Burkina Faso­Côte d'Ivoire 1.3 United Kingdom­Australia 1.2 Vietnam­United States 1.2 Pakistan­India 1.2 El Salvador­United States 1.1 Malaysia­Singapore 1.1 India­Bangladesh 1.1 Korea, Rep.­United States 1.1 Pakistan­Saudi Arabia 1.0 Egypt, Arab Rep.­Saudi Arabia 1.0 Cuba­United States 1.0 Belarus­Russian Federation 1.0 Uzbekistan­Russian Federation 0.9 Source: Development Prospects Group, World Bank. a. Top 10 country. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 5 Top Migration Corridors (excluding the Former Soviet Union), 2010 number of migrants, millions Mexico­United Statesa 11.6 Bangladesh­Indiaa 3.3 Turkey­Germany a 2.7 China­Hong Kong SAR, Chinaa 2.2 India­United Arab Emiratesa 2.2 China­United Statesa 1.7 Philippines­United Statesa 1.7 Afghanistan­Iran, Islamic Rep.a 1.7 India­United Statesa 1.7 Puerto Rico­United Statesa 1.7 West Bank and Gaza­ 1.5 Syrian Arab Republic India­Saudi Arabia 1.5 Indonesia­Malaysia 1.4 Burkina Faso­Côte d'Ivoire 1.3 United Kingdom­Australia 1.2 Vietnam­United States 1.2 Pakistan­India 1.2 El Salvador­United States 1.1 Malaysia­Singapore 1.1 India­Bangladesh 1.1 Korea, Rep.­United States 1.1 Pakistan­Saudi Arabia 1.0 Egypt, Arab Rep.­Saudi Arabia 1.0 Cuba­United States 1.0 Algeria­France 0.9 Yemen, Rep.­Saudi Arabia 0.9 West Bank and Gaza­Jordan 0.9 Zimbabwe­South Africa 0.9 Egypt, Arab Rep.­Jordan 0.9 Côte d'Ivoire­Burkina Faso 0.8 Source: Development Prospects Group, World Bank. a. Top 10 country. 6 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Top Destination Countriesa for Refugees, 2010 number of migrants, millions Jordanb 2.5 Pakistanb 2.1 West Bank and Gazab 1.9 Syrian Arab Republicb 1.6 Iran, Islamic Rep.b 1.0 Germany b 0.6 United Statesb 0.6 Lebanonb 0.5 Tanzaniab 0.5 Chinab 0.3 United Kingdom 0.3 Chad 0.3 Kenya 0.3 Ecuador 0.3 Uganda 0.3 Saudi Arabia 0.2 Sudan 0.2 Venezuela, R.B. de 0.2 Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.2 Canada 0.2 India 0.2 France 0.1 Nepal 0.1 Thailand 0.1 Zambia 0.1 Yemen, Rep. 0.1 Serbia 0.1 Algeria 0.1 Netherlands 0.1 Egypt, Arab Rep. 0.1 Source: United Nations Population Division based on United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees data. a. Includes countries and territories (see Data Notes, page xiii). b. Top 10 country. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 7 Top Destination Countriesa for Refugees, 2010 percentage of migrants West Bank and Gazab 100 Jordanb 85 Chadb 75 Syrian Arab Republicb 72 Tanzaniab 70 Ecuador b 67 Lebanonb 61 Iraqb 52 Zambiab 50 Pakistanb 50 Iran, Islamic Rep. 45 China 44 Congo, Dem. Rep. 43 Papua New Guinea 41 Guinea-Bissau 41 Algeria 39 Uganda 39 Egypt, Arab Rep. 38 Congo, Rep. 33 Kenya 33 Bosnia and Herzegovina 32 Burundi 31 Mauritania 31 Eritrea 29 Sudan 28 Cameroon 24 Yemen, Rep. 21 Venezuela, R.B. de 20 Angola 19 Serbia 19 Source: United Nations Population Division based on United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees data. a. Includes countries and territories (see Data Notes, page xiii). b. Top 10 country. 8 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Top Emigration Countriesa of Tertiary-Educated, 2000 number of migrants, thousands Guyanab 89.0 Grenadab 85.1 Jamaicab 85.1 St. Vincent and the Grenadinesb 84.5 Haitib 83.6 Trinidad and Tobagob 79.3 St. Kitts and Nevisb 78.5 Samoab 76.4 Tongab 75.2 St. Luciab 71.1 Cape Verde 67.5 Antigua and Barbuda 66.8 Belize 65.5 Dominica 64.2 Barbados 63.5 Gambia, The 63.3 Fiji 62.2 Bahamas, The 61.3 Malta 57.6 Mauritius 56.2 Seychelles 55.9 Sierra Leone 52.5 Suriname 47.9 Ghana 46.9 Mozambique 45.1 Liberia 45.0 Marshall Islands 39.4 Lebanon 38.6 Kenya 38.4 Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 37.8 Source: Docquier and Marfouk 2006. a. Includes countries and territories (see Data Notes, page xiii). b. Top 10 country. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 9 Top Emigration Countriesa of Physicians, 2000 number of migrants, thousands Indiab 20.3 United Kingdomb 12.2 Philippinesb 9.8 b Germany 8.8 Italy b 5.8 Mexicob 5.6 b Spain 5.0 South Africab 4.4 Pakistanb 4.4 b Iran, Islamic Rep. 4.4 France 4.2 Poland 4.0 Dominican Republic 3.6 Canada 3.4 Netherlands 3.3 Egypt, Arab Rep. 3.0 Greece 2.8 Ireland 2.7 Vietnam 2.4 China 2.4 Romania 2.3 Syrian Arab Republic 2.3 Malaysia 2.2 Belgium 2.0 Turkey 2.0 Grenada 1.9 Russian Federation 1.9 United States 1.9 Serbia and Montenegro 1.8 Hungary 1.8 Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010. a. Includes countries and territories (see Data Notes, page xiii). b. Top 10 country. 10 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Top Emigration Countriesa of Physicians, 2000 percentage of total physicians trained in the country Grenadab 97.5 Dominicab 97.2 St. Luciab 66.1 b Cape Verde 54.1 Fijib 48.4 São Tomé and Principeb 43.4 Liberiab 33.9 Papua New Guineab 31.8 Icelandb 26.2 Ethiopiab 25.6 Somalia 25.0 Ireland 24.6 Ghana 22.3 Haiti 21.9 St. Kitts and Nevis 21.2 Luxembourg 20.7 Uganda 19.0 Dominican Republic 18.5 Sri Lanka 17.4 Jamaica 16.7 Timor-Leste 16.3 Zimbabwe 16.0 Gambia, The 14.1 Angola 13.5 Malawi 13.3 New Zealand 13.2 South Africa 13.2 Bosnia and Herzegovina 12.7 Malaysia 11.9 Togo 11.5 Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010. a. Includes countries and territories (see Data Notes, page xiii). b. Top 10 country. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 11 South­South Migration versus South­North Migration South­South migration (migration between developing countries) is larger than migration from the South to high-income countries belonging to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Global Migrant Stock Estimates millions Migrants living in Developing High-income High-income Migrants from countries OECD countries non-OECD countries Total Developing countries 74.0 73.3 24.2 171.6 High-income OECD countries 5.1 31.1 1.2 37.3 High-income non-OECD countries 1.4 5.1 0.3 6.9 Total 80.5 109.5 25.7 215.8 Global Migrant Stock Estimates percentage of emigrants Migrants living in Developing High-income High-income Migrants from countries OECD countries non-OECD countries Total Developing countries 43.1 42.8 14.1 100 High-income OECD countries 13.6 83.3 3.1 100 High-income non-OECD countries 20.9 74.1 5.0 100 Sources: Ratha and Shaw 2007; UNPD 2009; OECD 2010; U.S. Census Bureau 2008; UK ONS 2009; and various country sources. For details, see the Data Notes on page xiii. Note: "South" refers to low- and middle-income countries ("developing countries") as defined by the World Bank's country classification. 12 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Top Remittance-Receiving Countriesa, 2010e US$ billions Indiab 55.0 Chinab 51.0 Mexicob 22.6 Philippinesb 21.3 Franceb 15.9 Germany b 11.6 Bangladeshb 11.1 Belgiumb 10.4 Spainb 10.2 Nigeriab 10.0 Pakistan 9.4 Poland 9.1 Lebanon 8.2 Egypt, Arab Rep. 7.7 United Kingdom 7.4 Vietnam 7.2 Indonesia 7.1 Morocco 6.4 Russian Federation 5.6 Serbia 5.6 Ukraine 5.3 Romania 4.5 Australia 4.3 Brazil 4.3 Guatemala 4.3 Netherlands 4.1 Colombia 3.9 Jordan 3.8 Portugal 3.7 El Salvador 3.6 Source: Development Prospects Group, World Bank. a. Includes countries and territories (see Data Notes, page xiii). b. Top 10 country. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 13 Top Remittance-Receiving Countriesa, 2009 percentage of GDP Tajikistanb 35 Tongab 28 Lesothob 25 Moldovab 23 Nepalb 23 Lebanonb 22 Samoab 22 Hondurasb 19 Guyanab 17 El Salvador b 16 Jordan 16 Kyrgyz Republic 15 Haiti 15 Jamaica 14 Bosnia and Herzegovina 13 Serbia 13 Bangladesh 12 Philippines 12 Albania 11 Togo 10 Nicaragua 10 Guatemala 10 Cape Verde 9 Guinea-Bissau 9 Senegal 9 Armenia 9 Grenada 9 Sri Lanka 8 Gambia, The 8 Dominican Republic 7 Source: Development Prospects Group, World Bank. a. Includes countries and territories (see Data Notes, page xiii). b. Top 10 country. 14 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Top Remittance-Sending Countriesa, 2009 US$ billions United Statesb 48.3 Saudi Arabiab 26.0 Switzerlandb 19.6 Russian Federationb 18.6 Germany b 15.9 Italy b 13.0 Spainb 12.6 Luxembourg b 10.6 Kuwait b 9.9 Netherlandsb 8.1 Malaysia 6.8 Lebanon 5.7 Oman 5.3 France 5.2 China 4.4 Belgium 4.3 Norway 4.1 Japan 4.1 India 4.0 United Kingdom 3.7 Denmark 3.4 Austria 3.3 Israel 3.3 Kazakhstan 3.1 Korea, Rep. 3.1 Australia 3.0 Indonesia 2.7 Czech Republic 2.6 Ireland 2.0 Greece 1.8 Source: Development Prospects Group, World Bank. a. Includes countries and territories (see Data Notes, page xiii). b. Top 10 country. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 15 Top Remittance-Sending Countriesa, 2009 percentage of GDP Luxembourg b 20 Lebanonb 17 Omanb 10 Maldivesb 9 Kuwaitb 8 Bahrainb 7 Saudi Arabiab 6 Guinea-Bissaub 5 Guyanab 5 Tongob 4 Brunei Darussalam 4 Switzerland 4 Uganda 3 Kyrgyz Republic 3 Malaysia 3 Kazakhstan 3 Tajikistan 2 Seychelles 2 Jamaica 2 Jordan 2 Mongolia 2 Moldova 2 Togo 2 Cambodia 2 Cyprus 2 Armenia 2 Israel 2 Libya 2 Russian Federation 2 Belize 2 Source: Development Prospects Group, World Bank. a. Includes countries and territories (see Data Notes, page xiii). b. Top 10 country. 16 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Remittances Compared with Other Resource Flows Remittance Flows Are Large and Resilient US$ billions 680 FDI 580 Remittances 480 ODA Private debt and 380 portfolio equity 280 180 80 0 ­20 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 20 9 e 10 0 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 Resource Flows to Developing Countries US$ billions 1995 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e FDI 95 149 208 276 346 514 593 359 -- Remittances 55 81 159 192 227 278 325 307 325 ODA 57 49 79 108 106 107 128 120 -- Private debt and portfolio equity 83 27 93 165 211 434 157 85 -- Sources: World Development Indicators database and World Bank Migration and Remittances Unit. Note: Private debt includes only medium- and long-term debt. FDI = foreign direct investment; ODA = official development assistance; -- = not available. Resilience of Remittance Flows Relative to Other Types of Flows during the Global Financial Crisis Despite a modest decline in remittance inflows to developing countries, these flows have remained more resilient compared with private debt and equity flows and foreign direct investment. There are several reasons for the resilience of remittances in the face of economic downturns in host countries: 1. Remittances are sent by the cumulated flows of migrants over the years, not only by the new migrants of the past year or two. This makes remittances persistent over time. If new migration stops, then over a period of a decade or so, remittances may stop growing. But they will continue to increase as long as migration flows continue. 2. Remittances are a small part of migrants' incomes, and migrants continue to send remittances when affected by income shocks. 3. Because of a rise in anti-immigration sentiments and tighter border controls in the United States and Europe, the duration of migration appears to have increased. Those migrants staying back are likely to continue to send remittances. 4. If migrants do indeed return, they are likely to take back accumulated savings. This may have been the case in India during the Gulf war of 1990­91, which forced a large number of Indian workers in the Gulf to return home (Ratha 2003, 163). Also the "safe haven" factor, or "home bias," can cause remittances for investment purposes to return home during an economic downturn in the host country. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 17 World Population (millions, 2009) 6,775 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.2 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 51.6 Labor force (millions, 2008) 3,100 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 5.8 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 50.3 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 134,095 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 58,000 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 8,740.5 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 2.3 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 54.4 Migration MIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 215.8 million or 3.2 percent of population Females as percentage of immigrants: 48.4 percent Refugees: 16.3 million or 7.6 percent of the total immigrants South­South migration is larger than migration from the South to the high- income OECD countries. Over 43 percent of the migrants from developing countries are believed to be residing in other developing countries. Top 10 destination countries: the United States, the Russian Federation, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Canada, the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Australia, India. As a share of population, top immigration countries include Qatar (86.5 percent); Monaco (71.6 percent); the United Arab Emirates (70.0 percent); Kuwait (68.8 percent); Andorra (64.4 percent); Cayman Islands (63.0 percent); Northern Mariana Islands (62.0 percent); Virgin Islands (U.S.) (56.5 percent); Macao SAR, China (54.7 percent); Isle of Man (54.6 percent) Top 10 emigration countries: Mexico, India, the Russian Federation, China, Ukraine, Bangladesh, Pakistan, the United Kingdom, the Philippines, Turkey Top 10 migration corridors: Mexico­United States; the Russian Federation­ Ukraine; Ukraine­Russian Federation; Bangladesh­India; Turkey­Germany; Kazakhstan­the Russian Federation; the Russian Federation­Kazakhstan; China­Hong Kong SAR, China; China­United States; the Philippines­United States SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population (top 10 countries): Guyana (89.0 percent), Grenada (85.1 percent), Jamaica (85.1 percent), St. Vincent and the Grenadines (84.5 percent), Haiti (83.6 percent), Trinidad and Tobago (79.3 percent), St. Kitts and Nevis (78.5 percent), Samoa (76.4 percent), Tonga (75.2 percent), St. Lucia (71.1 percent) Emigration of physicians: 336,416 or 4.2 percent of physicians trained in the world 18 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Remittances US$ billions 1995 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flows 101.3 131.5 237.0 274.9 317.9 385.0 443.2 416.0a 440.1 All developing countries 55.2 81.3 159.3 192.1 226.7 278.5 324.8 307.1 325.5 Outward remittance flows 97.5 108.5 168.0 185.3 213.7 255.2 295.7 282.5b -- All developing countries 10.4 9.5 28.5 33.0 41.0 52.7 67.3 58.7 -- Note: This table reports officially recorded remittances. The true size of remittances, including unre- corded flows through formal and informal channels, is believed to be larger. 2010e = 2010 estimate. a. 0.7% of GDP in 2009. b. 0.5% of GDP in 2009. REMITTANCES Top 10 remittance recipients in 2010 (billions): India ($55.0 bn), China ($51.0 bn), Mexico ($22.6 bn), Philippines ($21.3 bn), France ($15.9 bn), Germany ($11.6 bn), Bangladesh ($11.1 bn), Belgium ($10.4 bn), Spain ($10.2 bn), Nigeria ($10.0 bn) Top 10 remittance recipients in 2009 (percentage of GDP): Tajikistan (35.1 percent), Tonga (27.7 percent), Lesotho (24.8 percent), Moldova (23.1 percent), Nepal (22.9 percent), Lebanon (22.4 percent), Samoa (22.3 percent), Honduras (19.3 percent), Guyana (17.3 percent), El Salvador (15.7 percent) Top 10 remittance senders in 2009 (billions): the United States ($48.3 bn), Saudi Arabia ($26.0 bn), Switzerland ($19.6 bn), Russian Federation ($18.6 bn), Germany ($15.9 bn), Italy ($13.0 bn), Spain ($12.6 bn), Luxembourg ($10.6 bn), Kuwait ($9.9 bn), Netherlands ($8.1 bn) Top 10 remittance senders in 2009 (percentage of GDP): Luxembourg (20.1 percent), Lebanon (17.0 percent), Oman (9.9 percent), Maldives (8.9 percent), Kuwait (8.2 percent), Bahrain (6.6 percent), Saudi Arabia (6.5 percent), Guinea-Bissau (5.4 percent), Guyana (5.2 percent), Tonga (4.3 percent) Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 19 Developing Countries Population (millions, 2009) 5,659 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 58.5 Labor force (millions, 2008) 2,582 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 5.7 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 45.1 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 98,795 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 16,406 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 2,946 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 6.5 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 42.9 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 171.6 million or 3.0 percent of population Top 10 emigration countries: Mexico, India, the Russian Federation, China, Ukraine, Bangladesh, Pakistan, the Philippines, Turkey, the Arab Republic of Egypt Destinations: high-income OECD countries (42.8 percent), high-income non- OECD countries (14.1 percent), other developing countries (43.1 percent) Top 10 migration corridors: Mexico­the United States; the Russian Federation­Ukraine; Ukraine­the Russian Federation; Bangladesh­India; Turkey­Germany; Kazakhstan­the Russian Federation; the Russian Federation­Kazakhstan; China­Hong Kong SAR, China; China­the United States; India­the United Arab Emirates Top 10 migration corridors excluding the former Soviet Union: Mexico­the United States; Bangladesh­India; Turkey­Germany; China­Hong Kong SAR, China; China­the United States; the Philippines­the United States; Afghanistan­the Islamic Republic of Iran; India­the United States; Puerto Rico­the United States; India­the United Arab Emirates SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population (top 10 countries): Guyana (89.0 percent), Grenada (85.1 percent), Jamaica (85.1 percent), St. Vincent and the Grenadines (84.5 percent), Haiti (83.6 percent), St. Kitts and Nevis (78.5 percent), Samoa (76.4 percent), Tonga (75.2 percent), St. Lucia (71.1 percent), Cape Verde (67.5 percent) Emigration of physicians: 220,150 or 3.9 percent of physicians trained in the region IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 80.5 million or 1.4 percent of population (compared to 215.8 million or 3.2 percent for the world) Females as percentage of immigrants: 50.1 percent (compared to 48.4 percent for the world) Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 13.8 percent (compared to 7.6 percent for the world) 20 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Top 10 immigration countries: the Russian Federation, India, Ukraine, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Jordan, Côte d'Ivoire, Malaysia, the Syrian Arab Republic, the Islamic Republic of Iran Remittances US$ billions 1995 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flows 55.2 81.3 159.3 192.1 226.7 278.5 324.8 307.1a 325.5 World 101.3 131.5 237.0 274.9 317.9 385.0 443.2 416.0 440.1 Outward remittance flows 10.4 9.5 28.5 33.0 41.0 52.7 67.3 58.7b -- World 97.5 108.5 168.0 185.3 213.7 255.2 295.7 282.5 -- Memorandum items Developing countries FDI 95 149 208 276 346 514 593 359 -- ODA 57 49 79 108 106 107 128 120 -- Private debt and portfolio equity 83 27 93 165 211 434 157 85 -- Note: This table reports officially recorded remittances. The true size of remittances, including unre- corded flows through formal and informal channels, is believed to be larger. Private debt includes only medium- and long-term debt. FDI = foreign direct investment; ODA = official development assistance. a. 2.0% of GDP in 2009. b. 0.4% of GDP in 2009. REMITTANCES Top 10 remittance recipients in 2010 (billions): India ($55.0 bn), China ($51.0 bn), Mexico ($22.6 bn), Philippines ($21.3 bn), Bangladesh ($11.1 bn), Nigeria ($10.0 bn), Pakistan ($9.4 bn), Lebanon ($8.2 bn), the Arab Republic of Egypt ($7.7 bn), Vietnam ($7.2 bn) Top 10 remittance recipients in 2009 (percentage of GDP): Tajikistan (35.1 percent), Tonga (27.7 percent), Lesotho (24.8 percent), Moldova (23.1 percent), Nepal (22.9 percent), Lebanon (22.4 percent), Samoa (22.3 percent), Honduras (19.3 percent), Guyana (17.3 percent), El Salvador (15.7 percent) Top 10 remittance senders in 2009 (billions): Russian Federation ($18.6 bn), Malaysia ($6.8 bn), Lebanon ($5.7 bn), China ($4.4 bn), India ($4.0 bn), Kazakhstan ($3.1 bn), Indonesia ($2.7 bn), South Africa ($1.2 bn), Brazil ($1.0 bn), Libya ($1.0 bn) Top 10 remittance senders in 2009 (percentage of GDP): Luxembourg (20.1 percent), Lebanon (17.0 percent), Oman (9.9 percent), Maldives (8.9 percent), Kuwait (8.2 percent), Bahrain (6.6 percent), Saudi Arabia (6.5 percent), Guinea-Bissau (5.4 percent), Guyana (5.2 percent), Tonga (4.3 percent) Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 21 Regional Tables The country composition of regions1 is based on the World Bank's analytical regions and may differ from common geographic usage. East Asia and Pacific (developing only: 23) American Samoa, Cambodia, China, Fiji, Indonesia, Kiribati, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Palau, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam Europe and Central Asia (developing only: 22) Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, the Kyrgyz Republic, Lithuania, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, the Russian Federation, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan Latin America and the Caribbean (developing only: 30) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Uruguay, República Bolivariana de Venezuela Middle East and North Africa (developing only: 13) Algeria, Djibouti, the Arab Republic of Egypt, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, the Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, West Bank and Gaza, the Republic of Yemen South Asia (8) Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Sub-Saharan Africa (47) Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Comoros, the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Republic of Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Principe, Senegal, the Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe 1. See the Data Notes on page xiii for the definitions of regional groups that have changed since Migration and Remittances Factbook 2008 was published. 22 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 East Asia and Pacific East Asia and Pacific Population (millions, 2009) 1,944 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.8 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 121.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) 1,081 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 4.7 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 45.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 16,299 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 6,259 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 3,143 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 9.8 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 42.9 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 21.7 million or 1.1 percent of population Top 10 emigration countries: China, the Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Cambodia, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea Destinations: high-income OECD countries (54.9 percent), high-income non-OECD countries (26.0 percent), intra-regional (15.1 percent), other developing countries (2.1 percent), unidentified (0.3 percent) Top 10 migration corridors: China­Hong Kong SAR, China; China­the United States; the Philippines­the United States; Indonesia­Malaysia; Vietnam­the United States; Malaysia­Singapore; China­Japan; the Philippines­Saudi Arabia; China­Canada; China­Singapore SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population (top 10 countries): Samoa (76.4 percent), Tonga (75.2 percent), Fiji (62.2 percent), the Marshall Islands (39.4 percent), the Federated States of Micronesia (37.8 percent), the Lao People's Democratic Republic (37.4 percent), Papua New Guinea (28.5 percent), Vietnam (27.1 percent), Palau (26.1 percent), Kiribati (23.1 percent) Emigration of physicians: 33,178 or 1.4 percent of physicians trained in the region IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 5.4 million or 0.3 percent of population (compared to 215.8 million or 3.2 percent for the world) Females as percentage of immigrants: 47.4 percent (compared to 48.4 percent for the world) Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 8.8 percent (compared to 7.6 percent for the world) Top 10 immigration countries: Malaysia, Thailand, China, the Philippines, Cambodia, Indonesia, Myanmar, Vietnam, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, American Samoa Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 23 Remittances US$ billions 1995 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flows 8.9 15.8 40.0 50.3 57.4 71.1 85.5 85.7a 91.2 All developing countries 55.2 81.3 159.3 192.1 226.7 278.5 324.8 307.1 325.5 Outward remittance flows 1.6 1.7 8.4 9.9 10.3 12.8 15.0 14.4b -- All developing countries 10.4 9.5 28.5 33.0 41.0 52.7 67.3 58.7 -- Note: This table reports officially recorded remittances. The true size of remittances, including unre- corded flows through formal and informal channels, is believed to be larger. a. 1.9% of GDP in 2009. b. 0.3% of GDP in 2009. REMITTANCES Top 10 remittance recipients in 2010 (billions): China ($51.0 bn), Philippines ($21.3 bn), Vietnam ($7.2 bn), Indonesia ($7.1 bn), Thailand ($1.8 bn), Malaysia ($1.6 bn), Cambodia ($0.4 bn), Mongolia ($0.2 bn), Myanmar ($0.2 bn), Samoa ($0.1 bn) Top 10 remittance recipients in 2009 (percentage of GDP): Tonga (27.7 percent), Samoa (22.3 percent), Philippines (11.7 percent), Vietnam (7.0 percent), Kiribati (6.3 percent), Mongolia (4.6 percent), Fiji (3.4 percent), Cambodia (3.0 percent), Indonesia (1.3 percent), China (1.0 percent) 24 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Europe and Central Asia Europe and Central Asia Population (millions, 2009) 404 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.1 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 19.1 Labor force (millions, 2008) 206 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 6.9 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 64.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 23,916 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 2,519 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 6,793 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.0 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 43.8 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 43.1 million or 10.7 percent of population Top 10 emigration countries: the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Romania, Uzbekistan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania, Azerbaijan Destinations: high-income OECD countries (31.3 percent), high-income non-OECD countries (6.7 percent), intra-regional (55.1 percent), other developing countries (0.2 percent), unidentified (6.7 percent) Top 10 migration corridors: the Russian Federation­Ukraine, Ukraine­the Russian Federation, Turkey­Germany, Kazakhstan­the Russian Federation, the Russian Federation­Kazakhstan, Belarus­the Russian Federation, Uzbekistan­the Russian Federation, Azerbaijan­the Russian Federation, Romania­Italy, Romania­Spain SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population (top 10 countries): the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (29.1 percent), Bosnia and Herzegovina (23.9 percent), Romania (11.8 percent), Albania (9.0 percent), Armenia (8.8 percent), Lithuania (8.6 percent), Bulgaria (8.6 percent), Turkey (5.8 percent), Ukraine (3.5 percent), Moldova (3.4 percent) Emigration of physicians: 15,687 or 1.2 percent of physicians trained in the region IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 27.3 million or 6.8 percent of population (compared to 215.8 million or 3.2 percent for the world) Females as percentage of immigrants: 56.7 percent (compared to 48.4 percent for the world) Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.8 percent (compared to 7.6 percent for the world) Top 10 immigration countries: the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Belarus, Serbia, Moldova, Armenia, Tajikistan Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 25 Remittances US$ billions 1995 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flows 6.5 10.4 16.0 23.3 28.4 39.3 45.8 35.4a 36.7 All developing countries 55.2 81.3 159.3 192.1 226.7 278.5 324.8 307.1 325.5 Outward remittance flows 4.5 1.9 7.4 10.2 16.5 24.7 33.0 24.5b -- All developing countries 10.4 9.5 28.5 33.0 41.0 52.7 67.3 58.7 -- Note: This table reports officially recorded remittances. The true size of remittances, including unre- corded flows through formal and informal channels, is believed to be larger. a. 1.3% of GDP in 2009. b. 1.2% of GDP in 2009. REMITTANCES Top 10 remittance recipients in 2010 (billions): Russian Federation ($5.6 bn), Serbia ($5.6 bn), Ukraine ($5.3 bn), Romania ($4.5 bn), Bosnia and Herzegovina ($2.2 bn), Tajikistan ($2.1 bn), Bulgaria ($1.6 bn), Azerbaijan ($1.5 bn), Moldova ($1.3 bn), Albania ($1.3 bn) Top 10 remittance recipients in 2009 (percentage of GDP): Tajikistan (35.1 percent), Moldova (23.1 percent), Kyrgyz Republic (15.4 percent), Bosnia and Herzegovina (12.7 percent), Serbia (12.6 percent), Albania (10.9 percent), Armenia (9.0 percent), Georgia (6.4 percent), FYR Macedonia FYR (4.5 percent), Romania (4.4 percent) 26 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Latin America and the Caribbean Latin America and the Caribbean Population (millions, 2009) 572.5 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 28 Labor force (millions, 2008) 262.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 7.3 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 79.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 20,421 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 3,891.0 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 6,936.5 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3.8 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 53.9 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 30.2 million or 5.2 percent of population Top 10 emigration countries: Mexico, Colombia, Brazil, El Salvador, Cuba, Ecuador, Peru, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica Destinations: high-income OECD countries (84.8 percent), high-income non-OECD countries (0.7 percent), intra-regional (12.9 percent), other developing countries (0.1 percent), unidentified (1.6 percent) Top 10 migration corridors: Mexico­the United States, El Salvador­the United States, Cuba­the United States, the Dominican Republic­the United States, Guatemala­the United States, Jamaica­the United States, Colombia­the United States, Colombia­República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Haiti­the United States, Ecuador­Spain SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population (top 10 countries): Guyana (89.0 percent), Grenada (85.1 percent), Jamaica (85.1 percent), St. Vincent and the Grenadines (84.5 percent), Haiti (83.6 percent), St. Kitts and Nevis (78.5 percent), St. Lucia (71.1 percent), Antigua and Barbuda (66.8 percent), Belize (65.5 percent), Dominica (64.2 percent) Emigration of physicians: 45,988 or 5.0 percent of physicians trained in the region IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 6.6 million or 1.1 percent of population (compared to 215.8 million or 3.2 percent for the world) Females as percentage of immigrants: 49.7 percent (compared to 48.4 percent for the world) Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 8.1 percent (compared to 7.6 percent for the world) Top 10 immigration countries: Argentina, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Mexico, Brazil, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Chile, Paraguay, Bolivia Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 27 Remittances US$ billions 1995 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flows 13.3 20.2 43.4 50.1 59.2 63.3 64.6 56.9a 58.1 All developing countries 55.2 81.3 159.3 192.1 226.7 278.5 324.8 307.1 325.5 Outward remittance flows 1.1 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.7 3.6 4.3 3.8b -- All developing countries 10.4 9.5 28.5 33.0 41.0 52.7 67.3 58.7 -- Note: This table reports officially recorded remittances. The true size of remittances, including unre- corded flows through formal and informal channels, is believed to be larger. a. 1.5% of GDP in 2009. b. 0.1% of GDP in 2009. REMITTANCES Top 10 remittance recipients in 2010 (billions): Mexico ($22.6 bn), Brazil ($4.3 bn), Guatemala ($4.3 bn), Colombia ($3.9 bn), El Salvador ($3.6 bn), the Dominican Republic ($3.4 bn), Honduras ($2.7 bn), Ecuador ($2.5 bn), Peru ($2.5 bn), Jamaica ($2.0 bn) Top 10 remittance recipients in 2009 (percentage of GDP): Honduras (19.3 percent), Guyana (17.3 percent), El Salvador (15.7 percent), Haiti (15.4 percent), Jamaica (13.8 percent), Nicaragua (10.3 percent), Guatemala (9.8 percent), Grenada (8.7 percent), the Dominican Republic (7.3 percent), St. Kitts and Nevis (7.3 percent) 28 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Middle East and North Africa Middle East and North Africa Population (millions, 2009) 330.9 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.9 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 37.6 Labor force (millions, 2008) 108.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 9.5 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 57.6 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 8,778 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 1,190.5 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 3,594 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.8 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 56.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 18.1 million or 5.3 percent of population Top 10 emigration countries: the Arab Republic of Egypt, Morocco, West Bank and Gaza, Iraq, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Algeria, the Republic of Yemen, the Syrian Arab Republic, Jordan, Lebanon Destinations: high-income OECD countries (40.2 percent), high-income non-OECD countries (23.2 percent), intra-regional (31.5 percent), other developing countries (1.2 percent), unidentified (4.0 percent) Top 10 migration corridors: West Bank and Gaza­the Syrian Arab Republic, the Arab Republic of Egypt­Saudi Arabia, Algeria­France, the Republic of Yemen­Saudi Arabia, West Bank and Gaza­Jordan, the Arab Republic of Egypt­Jordan, Morocco­France, Morocco­Spain, Morocco­Italy, the Arab Republic of Egypt­Libya SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population (top 10 countries): Lebanon (38.6 percent), Morocco (17.0 percent), the Islamic Republic of Iran (14.5 percent), Tunisia (12.5 percent), Iraq (11.1 percent), Djibouti (11.0 percent), Algeria (9.4 percent), Jordan (7.2 percent), West Bank and Gaza (7.2 percent), the Syrian Arab Republic (6.1 percent) Emigration of physicians: 27,265 or 7.8 percent of physicians trained in the region IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 12.0 million or 3.5 percent of population (compared to 215.8 million or 3.2 percent for the world) Females as percentage of immigrants: 45.7 percent (compared to 48.4 percent for the world) Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 65.3 percent (compared to 7.6 percent for the world) Top 10 immigration countries: Jordan, the Syrian Arab Republic, the Islamic Republic of Iran, West Bank and Gaza, Lebanon, Libya, the Republic of Yemen, the Arab Republic of Egypt, Algeria, Djibouti Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 29 Remittances US$ billions 1995 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flows 13.3 13.1 23.2 25.1 26.5 32.1 35.9 33.7a 35.4 All developing countries 55.2 81.3 159.3 192.1 226.7 278.5 324.8 307.1 325.5 Outward remittance flows 0.7 0.8 5.7 5.6 6.1 5.1 6.7 8.1b -- All developing countries 10.4 9.5 28.5 33.0 41.0 52.7 67.3 58.7 -- Note: This table reports officially recorded remittances. The true size of remittances, including unre- corded flows through formal and informal channels, is believed to be larger. a. 3.1% of GDP in 2009. b. 0.6% of GDP in 2009. REMITTANCES Top 10 remittance recipients in 2010 (billions): Lebanon ($8.2 bn), the Arab Republic of Egypt ($7.7 bn), Morocco ($6.4 bn), Jordan ($3.8 bn), Algeria ($2.0 bn), Tunisia ($2.0 bn), the Republic of Yemen ($1.5 bn), Syrian Arab Republic ($1.4 bn), West Bank and Gaza ($1.3 bn), the Islamic Republic of Iran ($1.1 bn) Top 10 remittance recipients in 2009 (percentage of GDP): Lebanon (22.4 percent), Jordan (15.6 percent), Morocco (6.6 percent), Tunisia (5.3 percent), the Republic of Yemen (5.2 percent), the Arab Republic of Egypt (4.0 percent), Djibouti (2.7 percent), Syrian Arab Republic (2.4 percent), Algeria (1.4 percent), the Islamic Republic of Iran (0.3 percent) 30 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 South Asia South Asia Population (millions, 2009) 1,568 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.6 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 322.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) 606.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 5.2 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 29.8 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 5,140 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 1,644 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 1,096 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 7.6 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 58.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 26.7 million or 1.6 percent of population Top 5 emigration countries: India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka Destinations: high-income OECD countries (23.6 percent), high-income non-OECD countries (34.2 percent), intra-regional (28.2 percent), other developing countries (9.4 percent), unidentified (4.6 percent) Top 5 migration corridors: Bangladesh­India, Afghanistan­the Islamic Republic of Iran, India­the United States, India­Saudi Arabia, India­United Arab Emirates SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population (top 5 countries): Sri Lanka (29.7 percent), Afghanistan (23.3 percent), Pakistan (12.6 percent), Nepal (5.3 percent), Bangladesh (4.3 percent) Emigration of physicians: 76,517 or 10.6 percent of physicians trained in the region IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 12.2 million or 0.7 percent of population (compared to 215.8 million or 3.2 percent for the world) Females as percentage of immigrants: 45.6 percent (compared to 48.4 percent for the world) Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 20.0 percent (compared to 7.6 percent for the world) Top 5 immigration countries: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 31 Remittances US$ billions 1995 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flows 10.0 17.2 28.7 33.9 42.5 54.0 71.6 74.9a 82.6 All developing countries 55.2 81.3 159.3 192.1 226.7 278.5 324.8 307.1 325.5 Outward remittance flows 0.5 0.6 2.0 1.7 2.0 2.5 4.3 4.6b -- All developing countries 10.4 9.5 28.5 33.0 41.0 52.7 67.3 58.7 -- Note: This table reports officially recorded remittances. The true size of remittances, including unre- corded flows through formal and informal channels, is believed to be larger. a. 4.8% of GDP in 2009. b. 0.3% of GDP in 2009. REMITTANCES Top 5 remittance recipients in 2010 (billions): India ($55.0 bn), Bangladesh ($11.1 bn), Pakistan ($9.4 bn), Sri Lanka ($3.6 bn), Nepal ($3.5 bn), Maldives ($0.0 bn) Top 5 remittance recipients in 2009 (percentage of GDP): Nepal (22.9 percent), Bangladesh (11.8 percent), Sri Lanka (7.9 percent), Pakistan (6.0 percent), India (3.9 percent), Maldives (0.2 percent) 32 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Population (millions, 2009) 840 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.5 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 34.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) 317.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 22.5 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 36.9 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 24,242 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 879.6 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 1,096 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 5.0 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 84.9 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 21.8 million or 2.5 percent of population Top 10 emigration countries: Burkina Faso, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, Nigeria, Sudan, Eritrea, the Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa Destinations: high-income OECD countries (24.8 percent), high-income non-OECD countries (2.5 percent), intra-regional (63.0 percent), other developing countries (1.8 percent), unidentified (7.8 percent) Top 10 migration corridors: Burkina Faso­Côte d'Ivoire, Zimbabwe­South Africa, Côte d'Ivoire­Burkina Faso, Uganda­Kenya, Eritrea­Sudan, Mozambique­South Africa, Mali­Côte d'Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo­Rwanda, Lesotho­South Africa, Eritrea­Ethiopia SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population (top 10 countries): Cape Verde (67.5 percent), The Gambia (63.3 percent), Mauritius (56.2 percent), the Seychelles (55.9 percent), Sierra Leone (52.5 percent), Ghana (46.9 percent), Mozambique (45.1 percent), Liberia (45.0 percent), Kenya (38.4 percent), Uganda (35.6 percent) Emigration of physicians: (a) 21,516 or 18.4 percent of physicians trained in the region (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 36,653 or 28 percent of physicians trained in the region (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 53,298 or 11 percent of nurses trained in the region IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 17.7 million or 2.1 percent of population (compared to 215.8 million or 3.2 percent for the world) Females as percentage of immigrants: 47.2 percent (compared to 48.4 percent for the world) Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 13.4 percent (compared to 7.6 percent for the world) Top 10 immigration countries: Côte d'Ivoire, South Africa, Ghana, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 33 Remittances US$ billions 1995 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flows 3.2 4.6 8.0 9.4 12.7 18.6 21.4 20.6a 21.5 All developing countries 55.2 81.3 159.3 192.1 226.7 278.5 324.8 307.1 325.5 Outward remittance flows 2.0 2.5 2.9 3.2 3.4 4.0 4.0 3.3b -- All developing countries 10.4 9.5 28.5 33.0 41.0 52.7 67.3 58.7 -- Note: This table reports officially recorded remittances. The true size of remittances, including unre- corded flows through formal and informal channels, is believed to be larger. a. 2.2% of GDP in 2009. b. 0.4% of GDP in 2009. REMITTANCES Top 10 remittance recipients in 2010: Nigeria ($10.0 bn), Sudan ($3.2 bn), Kenya ($1.8 bn), Senegal ($1.2 bn), South Africa ($1.0 bn), Uganda ($0.8 bn), Lesotho ($0.5 bn), Ethiopia ($0.4 bn), Mali ($0.4 bn), Togo ($0.3 bn) Top 10 remittance recipients in 2009 (percentage of GDP): Lesotho (24.8 percent), Togo (10.3 percent), Cape Verde (9.1 percent), Guinea-Bissau (9.1 percent), Senegal (9.1 percent), the Gambia (7.9 percent), Liberia (6.2 percent), Sudan (5.6 percent), Nigeria (5.6 percent), Kenya (5.4 percent) 34 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Income-Group Tables Low-Income Countries (40) Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Comoros, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kenya, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, the Solomon Islands, Somalia, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe Middle-Income Countries (103) Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Colombia, the Republic of Congo, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, the Arab Republic of Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Gabon, Georgia, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, Kosovo, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Lithuania, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malaysia, Maldives, the Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mexico, the Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Namibia, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, the Philippines, Romania, the Russian Federation, Samoa, São Tomé and Principe, Senegal, Serbia, the Seychelles, South Africa, Sri Lanka, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, the Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Vietnam, West Bank and Gaza, the Republic of Yemen High-Income OECD Countries (28) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States High-Income Non-OECD Countries (39) Andorra; Aruba; The Bahamas; Bahrain; Barbados; Bermuda; Brunei Darussalam; Cayman Islands; Channel Islands; Croatia; Cyprus; Equatorial Guinea; Estonia; Faeroe Islands; French Polynesia; Greenland; Guam; Hong Kong SAR, China; Isle of Man; Israel; Kuwait; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Macao SAR, China; Malta; Monaco; Netherlands Antilles; New Caledonia; Northern Mariana Islands; Oman; Puerto Rico; Qatar; San Marino; Saudi Arabia; Singapore; Slovenia; Trinidad and Tobago; the United Arab Emirates; Virgin Islands (U.S.) Note: See the chapter titled "Data Notes" in this book for changes to the definitions of regional groups since Migra- tion and Remittances Factbook 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 35 Low-Income Countries LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 846.1 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.2 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 51.9 Labor force (millions, 2008) 430.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 28.7 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 19,311 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 428.8 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 503.1 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 6.0 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 77.2 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 27.7 million or 3.2 percent of population Top 10 emigration countries: Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Burkina Faso, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Mali, Haiti, Nepal, Eritrea, the Democratic Republic of Congo Destinations: high-income OECD countries (19.9 percent); high-income non-OECD countries (5.1 percent); developing countries, of which identified low-income countries (17.7 percent) and identified middle-income countries (49.2 percent), unidentified (8.1 percent) Top 10 migration corridors: Bangladesh­India, Afghanistan­the Islamic Republic of Iran, Burkina Faso­Côte d'Ivoire, Zimbabwe­South Africa, Nepal­India, Haiti­the United States, Uganda­Kenya, the Kyrgyz Republic­ the Russian Federation, Eritrea­Sudan, Mozambique­South Africa SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population (top 10 countries): Haiti (83.6 percent), The Gambia (63.3 percent), Sierra Leone (52.5 percent), Ghana (46.9 percent), Mozambique (45.1 percent), Liberia (45.0 percent), Kenya (38.4 percent), the Lao People's Democratic Republic (37.4 percent), Uganda (35.6 percent), Eritrea (34.0 percent) Emigration of physicians: 9,220 or 8.3 percent of physicians trained in the region IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 13.4 million or 1.5 percent of population (compared to 215.8 million or 3.2 percent for the world) Females as percentage of immigrants: 47.3 percent (compared to 48.4 percent for the world) Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 15.7 percent (compared to 7.6 percent for the world) Top 10 immigration countries: Ghana, Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Nepal, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Mozambique 36 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Remittances US$ billions 1995 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flows 2.2 4.1 8.1 10.1 13.0 16.6 22.0 22.5a 24.3 All developing countries 55.2 81.3 159.3 192.1 226.7 278.5 324.8 307.1 325.5 Outward remittance flows 0.3 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8b -- All developing countries 10.4 9.5 28.5 33.0 41.0 52.7 67.3 58.7 -- Note: This table reports officially recorded remittances. The true size of remittances, including unrecorded flows through formal and informal channels, is believed to be larger. a. 5.4% of GDP in 2009. b. 0.5% of GDP in 2009. REMITTANCES Top 10 remittance recipients in 2010 (billions): Bangladesh ($11.1 bn), Nepal ($3.5 bn), Tajikistan ($2.1 bn), Kenya ($1.8 bn), Haiti ($1.5 bn), Kyrgyz Republic ($1.0 bn), Uganda ($0.8 bn), Ethiopia ($0.4 bn), Mali ($0.4 bn), Cambodia ($0.4 bn) Top 10 remittance recipients in 2009 (percentage of GDP): Tajikistan (35.1 percent), Nepal (22.9 percent), Kyrgyz Republic (15.4 percent), Haiti (15.4 percent), Bangladesh (11.8 percent), Togo (10.3 percent), Guinea- Bissau (9.1 percent), the Gambia (7.9 percent), Liberia (6.2 percent), Kenya (5.4 percent) Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 37 Middle-Income Countries MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 4,813 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.2 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 60.1 Labor force (millions, 2008) 2,151 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 5.7 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 48.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 79,485 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 15,966 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 3,373 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 6.5 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 51.6 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 133.8 million or 2.7 percent of population Top 10 emigration countries: Mexico, India, the Russian Federation, China, Ukraine, Pakistan, the Philippines, Turkey, the Arab Republic of Egypt, Kazakhstan Destinations: high-income OECD countries (48.2 percent); high-income non- OECD countries (15.8 percent); developing countries, of which identified low-income countries (3.8 percent) and identified middle-income countries (28.3 percent); unidentified (3.9 percent) Top 10 migration corridors: Mexico­the United States; the Russian Federation­Ukraine; Ukraine­the Russian Federation; Turkey­Germany; Kazakhstan­the Russian Federation; the Russian Federation­Kazakhstan; China­Hong Kong SAR, China; China­the United States; the Philippines­the United States; India­the United States Top 10 migration corridors excluding the former Soviet Union: Mexico­the United States; Turkey­Germany; China­Hong Kong SAR, China; China­the United States; the Philippines­the United States; India­the United States; India­Saudi Arabia; West Bank and Gaza­the Syrian Arab Republic; Indonesia­Malaysia; India­the United Arab Emirates SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population (top 10 countries): Guyana (89.0 percent), Grenada (85.1 percent), Jamaica (85.1 percent), St. Vincent and the Grenadines (84.5 percent), St. Kitts and Nevis (78.5 percent), Samoa (76.4 percent), Tonga (75.2 percent), St. Lucia (71.1 percent), Cape Verde (67.5 percent), Antigua and Barbuda (66.8 percent) Emigration of physicians: 210,930 or 3.8 percent of physicians trained in the region IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 68.7 million or 1.4 percent of population (compared to 215.8 million or 3.2 percent for the world) Females as percentage of immigrants: 50.7 percent (compared to 48.4 percent for the world) 38 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 17.3 percent (compared to 7.6 percent for the world) Top 10 immigration countries: the Russian Federation, India, Ukraine, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Jordan, Côte d'Ivoire, Malaysia, the Syrian Arab Republic, the Islamic Republic of Iran Remittances US$ billions 1995 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flows 53.0 77.1 151.2 182.1 213.7 261.9 302.9 284.6a 301.1 All developing countries 55.2 81.3 159.3 192.1 226.7 278.5 324.8 307.1 325.5 Outward remittance flows 10.1 8.6 27.5 31.7 39.5 51.1 65.5 57.0b -- All developing countries 10.4 9.5 28.5 33.0 41.0 52.7 67.3 58.7 -- Note: This table reports officially recorded remittances. The true size of remittances, including unre- corded flows through formal and informal channels, is believed to be larger. a. 1.8% of GDP in 2009. b. 0.4% of GDP in 2009. REMITTANCES Top 10 remittance recipients in 2010 (billions): India ($55.0 bn), China ($51.0 bn), Mexico ($22.6 bn), Philippines ($21.3 bn), Nigeria ($10.0 bn), Pakistan ($9.4 bn), Lebanon ($8.2 bn), the Arab Republic of Egypt ($7.7 bn), Vietnam ($7.2 bn), Indonesia ($7.1 bn) Top 10 remittance recipients in 2009 (percentage of GDP): Tonga (27.7 percent), Lesotho (24.8 percent), Moldova (23.1 percent), Lebanon (22.4 percent), Samoa (22.3 percent), Honduras (19.3 percent), Guyana (17.3 percent), El Salvador (15.7 percent), Jordan (15.6 percent), Jamaica (13.8 percent) Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 39 High-Income OECD Countries HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 1,025 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.6 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 31.9 Labor force (millions, 2008) 486.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 5.9 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 77.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 32,035 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 39,729 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 39,654 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 1.0 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 49.4 Migration IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 109.5 million or 10.7 percent of population (compared to 215.8 million or 3.2 percent for the world) Females as percentage of immigrants: 49.3 percent (compared to 48.4 percent for the world) Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 2.1 percent (compared to 7.6 percent for the world) Top 10 immigration countries: the United States, Germany, Canada, the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Australia, Italy, Japan, Switzerland Sources: high-income OECD countries (26.5 percent); high-income non- OECD countries (4.6 percent); developing countries, of which identified low-income countries (5.1 percent) and identified middle-income countries (59.3 percent); unidentified (4.5 percent) Top 10 migration corridors: the United Kingdom­Australia, the Republic of Korea­the United States, Italy­Germany, Canada­the United States, Portugal­France, the United Kingdom­the United States, the United Kingdom­Canada, Germany­the United States, Poland­Germany, the Republic of Korea­Japan EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 37.3 million or 3.6 percent of population Top 10 emigration countries: the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Poland, the United States, Portugal, the Republic of Korea, France, Spain, Greece SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population (top 10 countries): Ireland (29.5 percent), New Zealand (20.7 percent), Iceland (19.7 percent), Portugal (19.5 percent), the Slovak Republic (16.7 percent), the United Kingdom (16.7 percent), Poland (14.1 percent), Austria (13.5 percent), Hungary (13.2 percent), Greece (12.0 percent) Emigration of physicians: 135,749 or 4.6 percent of physicians trained in the group 40 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Remittances US$ billions 1995 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flows 44.3 48.4 72.9 77.2 85.2 100.1 110.8 102.1a 107.2 All developing countries 55.2 81.3 159.3 192.1 226.7 278.5 324.8 307.1 325.5 Outward remittance flows 65.5 75.5 116.8 127.9 144.3 165.3 182.3 175.1b -- All developing countries 10.4 9.5 28.5 33.0 41.0 52.7 67.3 58.7 -- Note: This table reports officially recorded remittances. The true size of remittances, including unre- corded flows through formal and informal channels, is believed to be larger. a. 0.3% of GDP in 2009. b. 0.4% of GDP in 2009. REMITTANCES Top 10 remittance recipients in 2010 (billions): France ($15.9 bn), Germany ($11.6 bn), Belgium ($10.4 bn), Spain ($10.2 bn), Poland ($9.1 bn), the United Kingdom ($7.4 bn), Australia ($4.3 bn), Netherlands ($4.1 bn), Portugal ($3.7 bn), Italy ($3.4 bn) Top 10 remittance recipients in 2009 (percentage of GDP): Luxembourg (3.3 percent), Belgium (2.2 percent), Poland (2.0 percent), the Slovak Republic (1.9 percent), Hungary (1.7 percent), Portugal (1.5 percent), Austria (0.8 percent), Greece (0.7 percent), Spain (0.7 percent), the Czech Republic (0.6 percent) Top 10 remittance senders in 2009 (billions): the United States ($48.3 bn), Switzerland ($19.6 bn), Germany ($15.9 bn), Italy ($13.0 bn), Spain ($12.6 bn), Luxembourg ($10.6 bn), Netherlands ($8.1 bn), France ($5.2 bn), Belgium ($4.3 bn), Norway ($4.1 bn) Top 10 remittance senders in 2009 (percentage of GDP): Luxembourg (20.1 percent), Switzerland (4.0 percent), the Czech Republic (1.4 percent), Norway (1.1 percent), Denmark (1.1 percent), Hungary (1.0 percent), Netherlands (1.0 percent), Belgium (0.9 percent), Ireland (0.9 percent), Austria (0.9 percent) Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 41 High-Income Non-OECD Countries HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 91.6 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.4 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 29.9 Labor force (millions, 2008) 31.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 5.6 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 82.1 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 3,265 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 45.2 Migration IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 25.7 million or 32.5 percent of population (compared to 215.8 million or 3.2 percent for the world) Females as percentage of immigrants: 39.5 percent (compared to 48.4 percent for the world) Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 1.1 percent (compared to 7.6 percent for the world) Top 10 immigration countries: Saudi Arabia; the United Arab Emirates; Israel; Hong Kong SAR, China; Kuwait; Singapore; Qatar; Oman; Croatia; Latvia Sources: high-income OECD countries (3.6 percent); high-income non-OECD countries (1.3 percent); developing countries, of which identified low-income countries (5.5 percent) and identified middle-income countries (81.8 percent); unidentified (7.7 percent) Top 10 migration corridors: Puerto Rico­the United States; Israel­West Bank and Gaza; Croatia­Germany; Hong Kong SAR, China­Canada; Trinidad and Tobago­the United States; Hong Kong SAR, China­the United States; Israel­the United States; Kuwait­Saudi Arabia; Latvia­the Russian Federation; Singapore­Malaysia EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 6.9 million or 8.7 percent of population Top 10 emigration countries: Puerto Rico; Israel; Croatia; Hong Kong SAR, China; Trinidad and Tobago; Singapore; Latvia; Kuwait; Saudi Arabia; Estonia SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population (top 10 countries): Trinidad and Tobago (79.3 percent); Barbados (63.5 percent); The Bahamas (61.3 percent); Malta (57.6 percent); Cyprus (31.2 percent); Hong Kong SAR, China (28.8 percent); Croatia (24.1 percent); San Marino (17.1 percent); Liechtenstein (17.0 percent); Monaco (15.9 percent) Emigration of physicians: 10,517 or 8.7 percent of physicians trained in the group 42 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Remittances US$ billions 1995 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flows 1.7 1.8 4.8 5.5 5.9 6.4 7.5 6.8a 7.4 All developing countries 55.2 81.3 159.3 192.1 226.7 278.5 324.8 307.1 325.5 Outward remittance flows 21.6 23.4 22.7 24.5 28.3 37.2 46.1 48.7b -- All developing countries 10.4 9.5 28.5 33.0 41.0 52.7 67.3 58.7 -- Note: This table reports officially recorded remittances. The true size of remittances, including unrecorded flows through formal and informal channels, is believed to be larger. a. 0.4% of GDP in 2009. b. 2.4% of GDP in 2009. REMITTANCES Top 5 remittance recipients in 2010 (billions): Croatia ($1.5 bn), Israel ($1.4 bn), French Polynesia ($0.8 bn), New Caledonia ($0.7 bn), Latvia ($0.6 bn) Top 5 remittance recipients in 2009 (percentage of GDP): Barbados (3.8 percent), Croatia (2.4 percent), Latvia (2.2 percent), Estonia (1.6 percent), Israel (0.7 percent) Top 5 remittance senders in 2009 (billions): Saudi Arabia ($26.0 bn), Kuwait ($9.9 bn), Oman ($5.3 bn), Israel ($3.3 bn), Bahrain ($1.4 bn) Top 5 remittance senders in 2009 (percentage of GDP): Oman (9.9 percent), Kuwait (8.2 percent), Bahrain (6.6 percent), Saudi Arabia (6.5 percent), Brunei Darussalam (4.0 percent) Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 43 Other Country Group Tables Least Developed Countries, United Nations Classification (49) Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, the Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Samoa, São Tomé and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, the Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, the Republic of Yemen, Zambia Fragile States (32) Afghanistan, Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Republic of Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Eritrea, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Kosovo, Liberia, Myanmar, São Tomé and Principe, Sierra Leone, the Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, West Bank and Gaza, the Republic of Yemen, Zimbabwe Small States (46) Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Bhutan, Botswana, Brunei Darussalam, Cape Verde, the Comoros, Cook Islands, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Grenada, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Jamaica, Kiribati, Lesotho, Maldives, Malta, the Marshall Islands, Mauritius, the Federated States of Micronesia, Namibia, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Qatar, Samoa, São Tomé and Principe, the Seychelles, the Solomon Islands, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Swaziland, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Vanuatu 44 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Least Developed Countries, United Nations Classification Population (millions, 2009) 837.1 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 40.4 Labor force (millions, 2008) 346.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 29.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 20,803 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 528 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 639 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 6.8 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 78.7 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 27.5 million or 3.2 percent of population Top 10 emigration countries: Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Burkina Faso, Mozambique, the Republic of Yemen, Mali, Haiti, Nepal, Sudan, Eritrea Destinations: high-income OECD countries (19.2 percent); high-income non-OECD countries (9.8 percent); developing countries, of which identified low-income countries (19.3 percent) and identified middle-income countries (44.0 percent); unidentified (7.6 percent) Top 10 migration corridors: Bangladesh­India, Afghanistan­the Islamic Republic of Iran, Burkina Faso­Côte d'Ivoire, the Republic of Yemen­Saudi Arabia, Nepal­India, Haiti­the United States, Uganda­Kenya, Eritrea­Sudan, Mozambique­South Africa, Bangladesh­Saudi Arabia SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population (top 10 countries): Haiti (83.6 percent), Samoa (76.4 percent), The Gambia (63.3 percent), Sierra Leone (52.5 percent), Mozambique (45.1 percent), Liberia (45.0 percent), the Lao People's Democratic Republic (37.4 percent), Uganda (35.6 percent), Eritrea (34.0 percent), Angola (33.0 percent) Emigration of physicians: 8,792 or 10 percent of physicians trained in the group IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 11.5 million or 1.3 percent of population (compared to 215.8 million or 3.2 percent for the world) Females as percentage of immigrants: 47.4 percent (compared to 48.4 percent for the world) Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 18.6 percent (compared to 7.6 percent for the world) Top 10 immigration countries: Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Nepal, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia, the Republic of Yemen, Rwanda, Mozambique Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 45 Remittances US$ billions 1995 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flows 3.9 6.1 10.8 11.9 14.2 17.4 22.9 24.2a 25.9 All developing countries 55.2 81.3 159.3 192.1 226.7 278.5 324.8 307.1 325.5 Outward remittance flows 0.7 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.7 2.4 2.5 2.6b -- All developing countries 10.4 9.5 28.5 33.0 41.0 52.7 67.3 58.7 -- Note: This table reports officially recorded remittances. The true size of remittances, including unre- corded flows through formal and informal channels, is believed to be larger. a. 4.5% of GDP in 2009. b. 0.5% of GDP in 2009. REMITTANCES Top 10 remittance recipients in 2010 (billions): Bangladesh ($11.1 bn), Nepal ($3.5 bn), Sudan ($3.2 bn), Haiti ($1.5 bn), the Republic of Yemen ($1.5 bn), Senegal ($1.2 bn), Uganda ($0.8 bn), Lesotho ($0.5 bn), Ethiopia ($0.4 bn), Mali ($0.4 bn) Top 10 remittance recipients in 2009 (percentage of GDP): Lesotho (24.8 percent), Nepal (22.9 percent), Samoa (22.3 percent), Haiti (15.4 percent), Bangladesh (11.8 percent), Togo (10.3 percent), Guinea-Bissau (9.1 percent), Senegal (9.1 percent), the Gambia (7.9 percent), Kiribati (6.3 percent) 46 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Fragile States Population (millions, 2009) 381.2 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 104.8 Labor force (millions, 2008) 141.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 40.9 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 13,137 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 222.4 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 1,176 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.6 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 80.1 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 18.6 million or 4.8 percent of population Top 10 emigration countries: West Bank and Gaza, Afghanistan, Zimbabwe, Côte d'Ivoire, the Republic of Yemen, Haiti, Sudan, Eritrea, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Somalia Destinations: high-income OECD countries (19.4 percent); high-income non-OECD countries (8.5 percent); developing countries, of which identified low-income countries (23.2 percent) and identified middle-income countries (41.1 percent); unidentified (7.8 percent) Top 10 migration corridors: Afghanistan­the Islamic Republic of Iran, West Bank and Gaza­the Syrian Arab Republic, the Republic of Yemen­Saudi Arabia, West Bank and Gaza­Jordan, Zimbabwe­South Africa, Côte d'Ivoire­Burkina Faso, Haiti­the United States, Eritrea­Sudan, Tajikistan­the Russian Federation, the Democratic Republic of Congo­Rwanda SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population (top 10 countries): Haiti (83.6 percent), Tonga (75.2 percent), The Gambia (63.3 percent), Sierra Leone (52.5 percent), Liberia (45.0 percent), Eritrea (34.0 percent), Angola (33.0 percent), Somalia (32.7 percent), Guinea-Bissau (24.4 percent), Afghanistan (23.3 percent) Emigration of physicians: 5,897 or 9.3 percent of physicians trained in the group IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 9.1 million or 2.4 percent of population (compared to 215.8 million or 3.2 percent for the world) Females as percentage of immigrants: 47.3 percent (compared to 48.4 percent for the world) Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 32.7 percent (compared to 7.6 percent for the world) Top 10 immigration countries: Côte d'Ivoire, West Bank and Gaza, Sudan, the Republic of Yemen, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Guinea, Chad, Zimbabwe, The Gambia, Tajikistan Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 47 Remittances US$ billions 1995 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flows 1.9 2.1 4.1 4.4 4.8 5.3 5.3 4.8a 5.1 All developing countries 55.2 81.3 159.3 192.1 226.7 278.5 324.8 307.1 325.5 Outward remittance flows 1.2 1.9 2.9 1.5 1.7 2.4 2.5 2.6b -- All developing countries 10.4 9.5 28.5 33.0 41.0 52.7 67.3 58.7 -- Note: This table reports officially recorded remittances. The true size of remittances, including unre- corded flows through formal and informal channels, is believed to be larger. a. 3.1% of GDP in 2009. b. 0.5% of GDP in 2009. REMITTANCES Top 10 remittance recipients in 2010 (billions): Sudan ($3.2 bn), Tajikistan ($2.1 bn), Haiti ($1.5 bn), the Republic of Yemen ($1.5 bn), West Bank and Gaza ($1.3 bn), Togo ($0.3 bn), Côte d'Ivoire ($0.2 bn), Myanmar ($0.2 bn), Cameroon ($0.1 bn), Tonga ($0.1 bn) Top 10 remittance recipients in 2009 (percentage of GDP): Tajikistan (35.1 percent), Tonga (27.7 percent), Haiti (15.4 percent), Togo (10.3 percent), Guinea-Bissau (9.1 percent), the Gambia (7.9 percent), Kiribati (6.3 percent), Liberia (6.2 percent), Sudan (5.6 percent), the Republic of Yemen (5.2 percent) 48 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Small States Population (millions, 2009) 32.8 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.5 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 206.3 Labor force (millions, 2008) 13.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 10.2 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 49.9 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 2,478 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 120.6 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 5,156 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3.5 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 60.2 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 4.8 million or 14.5 percent of population Top 10 emigration countries: Jamaica, Guyana, Lesotho, Trinidad and Tobago, Suriname, Cape Verde, Fiji, Estonia, Swaziland, Cyprus Destinations: high-income OECD countries (72.5 percent); high-income non-OECD countries (2.6 percent); developing countries, of which identified low-income countries (3.2 percent) and identified middle-income countries (18.8 percent); unidentified (3.0 percent) Top 10 migration corridors: Jamaica­the United States, Lesotho­South Africa, Guyana­the United States, Trinidad and Tobago­the United States, Suriname­the Netherlands, Jamaica­the United Kingdom, Jamaica­Canada, Swaziland­South Africa, Guyana­Canada, Trinidad and Tobago­Canada SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population (top 10 countries): Guyana (89.0 percent), Grenada (85.1 percent), Jamaica (85.1 percent), St. Vincent and the Grenadines (84.5 percent), Trinidad and Tobago (79.3 percent), St. Kitts and Nevis (78.5 percent), Samoa (76.4 percent), Tonga (75.2 percent), St. Lucia (71.1 percent), Cape Verde (67.5 percent) Emigration of physicians: 8,890 or 39.4 percent of physicians trained in the group IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 3.6 million or 10.8 percent of population (compared to 215.8 million or 3.2 percent for the world) Females as percentage of immigrants: 39.3 percent (compared to 48.4 percent for the world) Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 1.5 percent (compared to 7.6 percent for the world) Top 10 immigration countries: Qatar, Bahrain, The Gambia, Gabon, Estonia, Cyprus, Brunei Darussalam, Namibia, Botswana, Djibouti Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 49 Remittances US$ billions 1995 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flows 2.3 3.9 5.4 5.4 6.6 8.4 11.9 9.9a 10.7 All developing countries 55.2 81.3 159.3 192.1 226.7 278.5 324.8 307.1 325.5 Outward remittance flows 0.8 0.9 1.4 1.3 1.9 2.3 2.3 1.6b -- All developing countries 10.4 9.5 28.5 33.0 41.0 52.7 67.3 58.7 -- Note: This table reports officially recorded remittances. The true size of remittances, including unre- corded flows through formal and informal channels, is believed to be larger. a. 1.5% of GDP in 2009. b. 1.4% of GDP in 2009. REMITTANCES Top 10 remittance recipients in 2010 (billions): Jamaica ($2.0 bn), Lesotho ($0.5 bn), Estonia ($0.3 bn), Guyana ($0.3 bn), Mauritius ($0.2 bn), Barbados ($0.2 bn), Cyprus ($0.1 bn), Cape Verde ($0.1 bn), Samoa ($0.1 bn), Fiji ($0.1 bn) Top 10 remittance recipients in 2009 (percentage of GDP): Tonga (27.7 percent), Lesotho (24.8 percent), Samoa (22.3 percent), Guyana (17.3 percent), Jamaica (13.8 percent), Cape Verde (9.1 percent), Guinea-Bissau (9.1 percent), Grenada (8.7 percent), the Gambia (7.9 percent), St. Kitts and Nevis (7.3 percent) 50 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Country Tables Afghanistan South Asia LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 29.8 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.6 Population density (people per km2, 2008) -- Labor force (millions, 2008) -- Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 24.4 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 652.1 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 11.0 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 93.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 2,348.7 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 8.1% Top destination countries: the Islamic Republic of Iran, Germany, the United States, the United Kingdom, Tajikistan, Canada, the Netherlands, Australia, Saudi Arabia, Denmark SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 23.3% Emigration of physicians: 449 or 9.1% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 90.9 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.3% Females as percentage of immigrants: 43.6% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 53 Albania Europe and Central Asia UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 3.2 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 114.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) 1.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 47.4 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 28.8 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 12.7 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 3,950 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 5.0 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 0.9 Age dependency ratio (2009) 49.4 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,438.3 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 45.4% Top destination countries: Greece, Italy, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the United States, Germany, Canada, Turkey, the United Kingdom, France, Australia SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 9.0% Emigration of physicians: 46 or 1.0% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 89.1 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 2.8% Females as percentage of immigrants: 53.1% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.1% Top source countries: Greece, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the Czech Republic, Israel, Italy, the Russian Federation Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 889 1,161 1,290 1,359 1,468 1,495 1,317 1,285 of which Workers' remittances 778 1,028 1,161 1,176 1,305 1,226 1,090 -- Compensation of employees 111 132 129 184 163 270 227 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 4 5 7 27 10 16 10 -- of which Workers' remittances 0 0 -- 0 -- -- 1 -- Compensation of employees 4 5 7 27 10 16 9 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.9 bn, net ODA received US$0.4 bn, total international reserves US$2.4 bn, exports of goods and services US$3.8 bn in 2008. 54 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Algeria Middle East and North Africa UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 34.9 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.5 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 14.4 Labor force (millions, 2008) 13.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 65.9 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 2,381.7 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 139.6 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 4,420 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3.7 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 4.3 Age dependency ratio (2009) 46.9 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,211.1 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 3.4% Top destination countries: France, Spain, Israel, Canada, Italy, Belgium, Germany, the United Kingdom, Tunisia, the United States SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 9.4% Emigration of physicians: (a) 879 or 2.8% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 10,860 or 44.3% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 8,245 or 9.0% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 242.3 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.7% Females as percentage of immigrants: 45.2% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 38.9% Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 1,750 2,460 2,060 1,610 2,120 2,202 2,059 2,031 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$2.6 bn, net ODA received US$0.3 bn, total international reserves US$148.1 bn, exports of goods and services US$79.1 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 55 American Samoa East Asia and Pacific UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (thousands, 2009) 67.2 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.7 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 330.5 Labor force (millions, 2008) -- Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 92.7 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.2 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) -- Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 45.7 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 66.7% Top destination countries: the United States, Samoa, New Zealand, Australia, Fiji, Kiribati, Canada, the United Kingdom, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Skilled emigration data are currently not available for this country. IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 28.4 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 41.4% Females as percentage of immigrants: 49.0% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Samoa, the United States, Tonga, the Philippines, New Zealand, Vietnam, the Republic of Korea, China, Fiji Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. 56 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Andorra HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (thousands, 2009) 85.2 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 3.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 178.3 Labor force (millions, 2008) -- Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 88.5 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.5 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.4 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) -- Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 9.3 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 10.7% Top destination countries: Spain, France, Portugal, Tanzania, the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Switzerland, Canada SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 6.9% Emigration of physicians: 1 or 0.6% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 55.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 64.4% Females as percentage of immigrants: 47.3% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Spain, Portugal, France, the United Kingdom, Morocco, Germany, the Philippines, Belgium, the Netherlands, Argentina Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 57 Angola Sub-Saharan Africa LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 18.5 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.9 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 14.5 Labor force (millions, 2008) 7.8 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 57.6 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 1,246.7 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 59.3 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 3,490 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 14.6 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 42.5 Age dependency ratio (2009) 90.2 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 533.3 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 2.8% Top destination countries: Portugal, Zambia, Namibia, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, the Republic of Congo, the Netherlands, Brazil, the United States SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 33.0% Emigration of physicians: (a) 110 or 10.0% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 2,102 or 70.5% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 1,841 or 12.3% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 65.4 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.3% Females as percentage of immigrants: 53.0% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 19.2% Top source countries: Portugal, Cape Verde, São Tomé and Principe, the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Republic of Congo, Guinea, Zambia Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa -- -- -- -- -- 82 -- -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- 71 -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- 11 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 230 296 215 413 603 669 -- 716 of which Workers' remittances 88 117 117 172 228 222 -- 395 Compensation of employees 142 179 98 241 374 447 -- 321 Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$1.7 bn, net ODA received US$0.4 bn, total international reserves US$17.9 bn, exports of goods and services US$64.2 bn in 2008. 58 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Antigua and Barbuda Latin America and the Caribbean UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (thousands, 2009) 87.6 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.5 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 194.4 Labor force (millions, 2008) -- Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 30.4 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.4 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 1.1 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 12,070 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3.6 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) -- Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 42.8 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 48.3% Top destination countries: the United States, the Philippines, Virgin Islands (U.S.), the United Kingdom, Canada, Netherlands Antilles, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, St. Lucia, St. Kitts and Nevis SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 66.8% Emigration of physicians: 34 or 37.6% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 20.9 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 23.6% Females as percentage of immigrants: 56.2% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Guyana, Dominica, Jamaica, the United States, the Dominican Republic, the United Kingdom, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Virgin Islands (U.S.), Trinidad and Tobago, St. Lucia Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 20 21 22 23 24 26 24 27 of which Workers' remittances 11 11 12 12 12 13 12 -- Compensation of employees 5 6 7 7 8 9 9 -- Migrants' transfers 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 -- Outward remittance flows 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 -- of which Workers' remittances 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.3 bn, total international reserves US$0.1 bn, exports of goods and services US$0.6 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 59 Argentina Latin America and the Caribbean UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 40.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.0 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 14.6 Labor force (millions, 2008) 18.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 7.3 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 92.2 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 2,780.4 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 299.5 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 7,570 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 6.8 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 55.6 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 956.8 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 2.4% Top destination countries: Spain, the United States, Chile, Paraguay, Israel, Bolivia, Brazil, Uruguay, Canada, Italy SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 2.5% Emigration of physicians: 3,232 or 2.9% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 1,449.3 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 3.6% Females as percentage of immigrants: 53.4% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.2% Top source countries: Paraguay, Bolivia, Italy, Chile, Spain, Uruguay, Peru, Brazil, Poland, Germany Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 273 312 432 541 606 698 660 682 of which Workers' remittances 236 270 381 486 541 606 567 -- Compensation of employees 38 42 51 56 65 92 93 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 180 234 314 356 463 609 701 -- of which Workers' remittances 117 154 212 240 325 460 544 -- Compensation of employees 63 81 102 115 137 150 157 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$9.8 bn, net ODA received US$0.1 bn, total international reserves US$46.4 bn, exports of goods and services US$80.4 bn in 2008. 60 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Armenia Europe and Central Asia LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 3.1 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.0 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 109.1 Labor force (millions, 2008) 1.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 63.8 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 29.8 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 8.9 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 3,100 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 6.6 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 4.7 Age dependency ratio (2009) 46.2 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 870.2 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 28.2% Top destination countries: the Russian Federation, the United States, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Israel, Germany, France, Spain, Greece SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 8.8% Emigration of physicians: 211 or 2.2% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 324.2 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 10.5% Females as percentage of immigrants: 58.9% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 18.2% Top source countries: Azerbaijan, Georgia, the Russian Federation, the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Syrian Arab Republic, Ukraine, Turkey, Greece, Uzbekistan, Lebanon Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 168 435 498 658 846 1,062 769 824 of which Workers' remittances 9 43 58 74 94 124 86 -- Compensation of employees 153 382 429 576 743 929 677 -- Migrants' transfers 6 10 11 8 9 9 7 -- Outward remittance flows 27 138 152 154 176 185 145 -- of which Workers' remittances 6 10 16 19 5 11 11 -- Compensation of employees 19 122 133 130 166 169 130 -- Migrants' transfers 2 6 3 6 5 5 4 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.9 bn, net ODA received US$0.3 bn, total international reserves US$1.4 bn, exports of goods and services US$1.8 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 61 Aruba HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 0.1 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.8 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 585.9 Labor force (millions, 2008) -- Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 46.8 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.2 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 40.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 13.7 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 12.8% Top destination countries: the United States, Netherlands Antilles, the Netherlands, Canada, the Dominican Republic, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Colombia, the Philippines, Australia, Greece SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Skilled emigration data are currently not available for this country. IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 34.3 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 31.9% Females as percentage of immigrants: 55.4% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Colombia, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, the Dominican Republic, the United States, Portugal, Dominica Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 10 13 12 12 14 15 19 20 of which Workers' remittances -- 1 -- -- 0 2 5 -- Compensation of employees 0 1 1 1 5 5 3 -- Migrants' transfers 10 12 11 11 9 8 12 -- Outward remittance flows 60 61 70 80 82 86 77 -- of which Workers' remittances 47 48 59 63 63 70 69 -- Compensation of employees 1 1 3 9 10 5 1 -- Migrants' transfers 13 12 8 8 9 10 6 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.2 bn, total international reserves US$0.7 bn in 2008. 62 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Australia HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 21.9 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.4 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 2.8 Labor force (millions, 2008) 10.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 4.2 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 88.9 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 7,741.2 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 900.7 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 43,770 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 2.9 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 48.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 442.8 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 2.1% Top destination countries: the United Kingdom, the United States, New Zealand, Canada, Papua New Guinea, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Ireland, Malaysia SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 2.7% Emigration of physicians: 7,194 or 12.6% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 5,522.4 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 25.7% Females as percentage of immigrants: 43.8% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.8% Top source countries: the United Kingdom, New Zealand, China, Italy, India, Vietnam, the Philippines, Greece, South Africa, Germany Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 2,326 2,837 2,990 3,131 3,826 4,713 4,089 4,335 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 695 868 982 1,018 1,213 1,475 -- -- Migrants' transfers 1,631 1,969 2,008 2,112 2,613 3,238 -- -- Outward remittance flows 1,779 2,254 2,375 2,815 3,024 3,049 3,000 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 1,192 1,530 1,686 2,190 2,225 2,170 -- -- Migrants' transfers 587 723 689 625 799 879 -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$47.3 bn, total international reserves US$32.9 bn, exports of goods and services US$209.7 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 63 Austria HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 8.4 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.4 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 101.2 Labor force (millions, 2008) 4.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 3.8 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 67.4 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 83.9 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 383.0 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 46,850 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 1.6 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 47.6 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 598.3 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 7.1% Top destination countries: Germany, Switzerland, the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, Turkey, France, Spain, Italy SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 13.5% Emigration of physicians: 1,586 or 6.0% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 1,310.2 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 15.6% Females as percentage of immigrants: 52.0% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 2.2% Top source countries: Germany, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Turkey, Serbia, Poland, Romania, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 2,496 2,521 2,608 2,639 3,012 3,239 3,201 3,340 of which Workers' remittances 340 383 398 418 467 519 508 -- Compensation of employees 1,608 1,865 1,917 1,880 2,172 2,320 2,291 -- Migrants' transfers 548 273 294 341 373 400 402 -- Outward remittance flows 1,874 2,228 2,567 2,575 3,008 3,446 3,339 -- of which Workers' remittances 694 789 804 839 1,058 1,220 1,156 -- Compensation of employees 856 1,121 1,316 1,406 1,594 1,844 1,801 -- Migrants' transfers 324 317 447 330 356 382 382 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$14.4 bn, total international reserves US$16.7 bn, exports of goods and services US$243.2 bn in 2008. 64 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Azerbaijan Europe and Central Asia UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 8.8 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.0 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 105.0 Labor force (millions, 2008) 4.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 52.1 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 86.6 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 40.3 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 4,840 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 21.2 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 0.0 Age dependency ratio (2009) 44.7 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,432.6 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 16.0% Top destination countries: the Russian Federation, Armenia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Israel, Germany, Turkey, the United States, Turkmenistan, Georgia SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 2.0% Emigration of physicians: 86 or 0.3% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 263.9 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 3.0% Females as percentage of immigrants: 57.1% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.9% Top source countries: the Russian Federation, Armenia, Ukraine, Georgia Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 171 228 693 813 1,287 1,554 1,274 1,472 of which Workers' remittances 154 191 490 662 1,192 1,416 1,182 -- Compensation of employees 2 12 133 128 76 102 73 -- Migrants' transfers 15 24 70 22 20 36 19 -- Outward remittance flows 169 200 269 301 435 593 652 -- of which Workers' remittances 78 65 127 149 273 399 522 -- Compensation of employees 54 108 112 125 131 168 116 -- Migrants' transfers 38 28 29 26 31 25 14 -- a. For comparison: net ODA received US$0.2 bn, total international reserves US$6.5 bn, exports of goods and services US$32.0 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 65 Bahamas, The HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 0.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 33.5 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 83.9 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 13.9 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3.6 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 47.7 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 44.1 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 12.8% Top destination countries: the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Cayman Islands, Netherlands Antilles, the Dominican Republic, Spain, Japan, Switzerland SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 61.3% IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 33.4 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 9.7% Females as percentage of immigrants: 48.5% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Haiti, the United States, Jamaica, the United Kingdom, Canada, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, India, Germany, Switzerland Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 100 119 144 164 171 143 96 -- of which Workers' remittances 6 8 11 7 10 8 7 -- Compensation of employees 56 63 73 93 85 59 57 -- Migrants' transfers 37 48 60 64 76 76 32 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.8 bn, total international reserves US$0.6 bn in 2008. 66 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Bahrain HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 0.8 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.2 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 1,080.2 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 88.6 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.7 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 7.3 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 40.1 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 30.0 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 3.7% Top destination countries: the Philippines, the United Kingdom, Jordan, the United States, Canada, Australia, Ireland, the Arab Republic of Egypt, New Zealand, Sudan SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 4.9% Emigration of physicians: 29 or 2.8% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 315.4 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 39.1% Females as percentage of immigrants: 32.9% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: India, Pakistan, the Arab Republic of Egypt, the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Algeria, Morocco, Iraq Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 1,082 1,120 1,223 1,531 1,483 1,774 1,391 -- of which Workers' remittances 1,082 1,120 1,223 1,531 1,483 1,774 1,391 -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$1.8 bn, exports of goods and services US$21.2 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 67 Bangladesh South Asia LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 162.2 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.6 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 1,229.2 Labor force (millions, 2008) 75.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 27.6 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 144.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 99.4 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 590 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 6.2 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 50.5 Age dependency ratio (2009) 54.7 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 5,380.2 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 3.3% Top destination countries: India, Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom, Kuwait, Oman, the United States, Malaysia, the United Arab Emirates, Italy, Jordan SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 4.3% Emigration of physicians: 1,912 or 6.5% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 1,085.3 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.7% Females as percentage of immigrants: 13.9% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 2.5% Top source countries: India, Pakistan Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 3,192 3,584 4,315 5,428 6,562 8,995 10,523 11,050 of which Workers' remittances 3,180 3,572 4,302 5,418 6,553 8,981 10,510 -- Compensation of employees 12 12 12 10 9 14 13 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 7 8 5 3 3 14 8 -- of which Workers' remittances 4 5 3 2 2 6 6 -- Compensation of employees 3 3 3 1 1 9 2 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$1.0 bn, net ODA received US$2.1 bn, total international reserves US$5.8 bn, exports of goods and services US$16.2 bn in 2008. 68 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Barbados HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 0.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.1 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 593.5 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 40.3 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.4 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 38.0 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 105,200 Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 41.0% Top destination countries: the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Trinidad and Tobago, St. Lucia, Netherlands Antilles, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Australia, Guyana, Germany SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 63.5% Emigration of physicians: 6 or 1.9% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 28.1 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 10.9% Females as percentage of immigrants: 60.7% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: St. Vincent and the Grenadines, St. Lucia, the United Kingdom, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, the United States, Canada, Jamaica, Grenada, Dominica Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 131 131 135 139 141 168 149 161 of which Workers' remittances 97 100 103 106 90 -- -- -- Compensation of employees 34 31 32 32 51 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 22 18 43 33 54 54 -- -- of which Workers' remittances 16 16 37 28 49 -- -- -- Compensation of employees 6 3 7 5 5 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: total international reserves US$0.7 bn, exports of goods and services US$2.2 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 69 Belarus Europe and Central Asia UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 9.7 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) ­0.4 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 46.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) 4.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 73.9 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 207.6 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 59.8 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 5,540 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 7.7 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 0.0 Age dependency ratio (2009) 39.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,778.9 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 18.6% Top destination countries: the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Poland, Kazakhstan, Israel, Lithuania, the United States, Germany, Latvia, Estonia SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 3.2% Emigration of physicians: 165 or 0.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 1,090.4 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 11.4% Females as percentage of immigrants: 54.2% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.1% Top source countries: the Russian Federation, Poland, Ukraine, Armenia, Lithuania, Azerbaijan, Germany, Moldova, Georgia, Latvia Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 222 257 255 340 354 443 352 387 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 89 126 120 175 157 177 103 -- Migrants' transfers 133 130 135 164 198 266 255 -- Outward remittance flows 65 82 95 93 109 141 112 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 1 1 0 3 5 11 10 -- Migrants' transfers 64 81 94 90 104 130 102 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$2.2 bn, net ODA received US$0.1 bn, total international reserves US$3.1 bn, exports of goods and services US$37.3 bn in 2008. 70 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Belgium HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 10.8 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.5 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 354.1 Labor force (millions, 2008) 4.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 7.0 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 97.4 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 30.5 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 474.7 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 45,310 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 1.1 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 51.7 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 455.0 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 4.3% Top destination countries: France, Spain, the Netherlands, Germany, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Turkey SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 4.9% Emigration of physicians: 3,302 or 7.3% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 1,465.7 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 13.7% Females as percentage of immigrants: 32.8% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 1.2% Top source countries: France, Morocco, Italy, the Netherlands, Turkey, Germany, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Poland, Spain, Russia Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 5,990 6,863 7,242 7,488 9,098 10,255 10,360 10,466 of which Workers' remittances 20 19 20 27 114 139 137 -- Compensation of employees 5,754 6,536 6,868 7,239 8,984 10,116 10,223 -- Migrants' transfers 216 308 354 222 -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 2,329 2,617 2,754 2,698 3,204 4,057 4,278 -- of which Workers' remittances 333 343 416 429 476 585 613 -- Compensation of employees 1,763 1,997 2,012 2,134 2,728 3,471 3,665 -- Migrants' transfers 233 277 327 136 -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$99.7 bn, total international reserves US$15.7 bn, exports of goods and services US$464.2 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 71 Belize Latin America and the Caribbean LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 0.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 3.2 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 13.6 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 8.2 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 52.2 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 23.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 1.2 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2008) 3,820 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2004­08) 3.3 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 64.6 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 50.2 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 16.1% Top destination countries: the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Mexico, Bolivia, Guatemala, Cayman Islands, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 65.5% Emigration of physicians: 10 or 3.7% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 46.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 15.0% Females as percentage of immigrants: 52.1% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.9% Top source countries: Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, the United States, China, Canada, Jamaica, Nicaragua, India Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 34 35 46 65 75 78 80 88 of which Workers' remittances 30 31 41 58 71 74 76 -- Compensation of employees 2 2 4 6 2 2 2 -- Migrants' transfers 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 -- Outward remittance flows 21 19 20 22 22 29 23 -- of which Workers' remittances 14 12 13 15 16 22 17 -- Compensation of employees 5 6 6 6 5 6 6 -- Migrants' transfers 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.2 bn, total international reserves US$0.2 bn, exports of goods and services US$0.8 bn in 2008. 72 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Benin Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 8.9 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 3.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 78.3 Labor force (millions, 2008) 3.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 41.6 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 112.6 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 6.6 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 750 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.1 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 50.0 Age dependency ratio (2009) 86.2 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 531.6 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 5.8% Top destination countries: Nigeria, Togo, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, Niger, France, Burkina Faso, the Republic of Congo, Italy, Guinea SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 11.3% Emigration of physicians: (a) 20 or 5.3% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 224 or 35.6% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 187 or 12.5% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 232.0 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 2.5% Females as percentage of immigrants: 45.5% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 4.0% Top source countries: Niger, Togo, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, France Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e a Inward remittance flows 55 63 173 224 282 271 243 236 of which Workers' remittances 49 54 137 186 234 -- -- -- Compensation of employees 6 9 10 9 6 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers 0 0 26 29 41 -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 6 6 40 67 115 115 -- -- of which Workers' remittances 4 3 30 52 102 -- -- -- Compensation of employees 1 3 3 9 5 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers 0 1 6 6 7 -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.1 bn, net ODA received US$0.6 bn, total international reserves US$1.3 bn, exports of goods and services US$1.0 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 73 Bermuda HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (thousands, 2009) 64.4 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.4 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 1,284.0 Labor force (millions, 2008) -- Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 100.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.1 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) -- Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 15.7 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 24.1% Top destination countries: the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Portugal, New Zealand, Ireland, France, Cayman Islands, the Netherlands SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Skilled emigration data are currently not available for this country. IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 19.9 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 30.7% Females as percentage of immigrants: 51.7% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Portugal Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. 74 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Bhutan South Asia LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 0.7 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.5 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 14.6 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 35.6 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 47.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 1.3 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 2,020 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 9.1 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 26.8 Age dependency ratio (2009) 54.7 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 44.6 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 6.3% Top destination countries: Nepal, India, Germany, the United States, France, Australia, the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 0.6% IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 40.2 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 5.7% Females as percentage of immigrants: 18.5% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: India, China, Nepal, the United States, Japan Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 75 Bolivia, Plurinational State of Latin America and the Caribbean LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 9.9 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.9 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 8.9 Labor force (millions, 2008) 4.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 66.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 1,098.6 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 16.7 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 1,620 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.7 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 19.6 Age dependency ratio (2009) 69.4 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 684.6 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 6.8% Top destination countries: Spain, Argentina, the United States, Brazil, Chile, Italy, Japan, Canada, Sweden, Germany SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 5.8% Emigration of physicians: 383 or 5.1% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 145.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 1.5% Females as percentage of immigrants: 47.7% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.4% Top source countries: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, Chile, the United States, Paraguay, Canada, Spain, Japan Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 158 211 346 612 1,065 1,144 1,061 1,064 of which Workers' remittances 127 178 304 569 1,020 1,097 -- -- Compensation of employees 32 32 34 33 35 37 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- 9 9 9 10 -- -- Outward remittance flows 46 51 67 73 79 106 106 -- of which Workers' remittances 39 43 59 66 72 98 -- -- Compensation of employees 7 7 7 7 7 7 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.5 bn, net ODA received US$0.6 bn, total international reserves US$7.7 bn, exports of goods and services US$7.5 bn in 2008. 76 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe and Central Asia UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 3.8 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.8 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 73.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) 1.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 48.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 51.2 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 17.6 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 4,700 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.0 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 0.2 Age dependency ratio (2009) 41.3 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,461.0 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 38.9% Top destination countries: Croatia, Germany, Austria, the United States, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Australia, Italy, Canada SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 23.9% Emigration of physicians: 705 or 11.1% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 27.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.7% Females as percentage of immigrants: 50.3% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 31.8% Top source countries: Croatia, Albania, Ukraine, Slovenia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Hungary, Italy, the Czech Republic, Poland, Germany Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 1,749 2,072 2,043 2,157 2,700 2,735 2,167 2,228 of which Workers' remittances 1,143 1,474 1,467 1,589 1,947 1,899 1,432 -- Compensation of employees 595 579 570 560 739 828 643 -- Migrants' transfers 11 19 5 8 13 8 6 -- Outward remittance flows 20 62 40 55 65 70 61 -- of which Workers' remittances 10 49 28 41 50 53 46 -- Compensation of employees 11 13 12 14 15 17 15 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$1.1 bn, net ODA received US$0.5 bn, total international reserves US$3.5 bn, exports of goods and services US$6.8 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 77 Botswana Sub-Saharan Africa UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 1.9 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.4 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 3.4 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 60.3 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 581.7 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 11.4 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 6,240 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 1.7 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 23.1 Age dependency ratio (2009) 58.9 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 63.0 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 3.2% Top destination countries: South Africa, Zimbabwe, Namibia, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, Tanzania, Zambia, Ireland, Canada SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 3.6% Emigration of physicians: 68 or 11.4% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 80 or 2.2% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 114.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 5.8% Females as percentage of immigrants: 46.3% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 2.4% Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 39 93 127 117 105 114 111 124 of which Workers' remittances 0 51 82 79 80 81 -- -- Compensation of employees 27 29 31 26 12 20 -- -- Migrants' transfers 12 13 13 13 13 13 -- -- Outward remittance flows 206 120 129 118 120 145 145 -- of which Workers' remittances 103 10 17 10 10 41 -- -- Compensation of employees 82 89 91 87 89 82 -- -- Migrants' transfers 20 21 22 21 21 23 -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.1 bn, net ODA received US$0.7 bn, total international reserves US$9.1 bn, exports of goods and services US$6.2 bn in 2008. 78 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Brazil Latin America and the Caribbean UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 193.7 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.2 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 22.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) 97.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 7.9 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 86.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 8,514.9 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 1,547.1 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 8,040 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3.6 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 7.8 Age dependency ratio (2009) 48.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,367.1 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 0.7% Top destination countries: the United States, Japan, Spain, Paraguay, Portugal, the United Kingdom, Italy, Germany, Argentina, France SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 2.2% Emigration of physicians: 2,090 or 0.6% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 688.0 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.4% Females as percentage of immigrants: 46.3% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 3.0% Top source countries: Portugal, Japan, Italy, Spain, Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia, Germany, Chile Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 2,821 3,575 3,540 4,253 4,382 5,089 4,234 4,277 of which Workers' remittances 2,018 2,459 2,480 2,890 2,809 2,913 2,224 -- Compensation of employees 269 354 325 397 497 730 665 -- Migrants' transfers 535 763 735 966 1,077 1,446 1,345 -- Outward remittance flows 333 401 498 691 896 1,191 1,003 -- of which Workers' remittances 136 167 263 309 514 628 669 -- Compensation of employees 160 173 111 220 49 185 62 -- Migrants' transfers 37 61 124 161 333 378 272 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$45.1 bn, net ODA received US$0.5 bn, total international reserves US$193.8 bn, exports of goods and services US$225.8 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 79 Brunei Darussalam HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 0.4 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.2 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 75.3 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 75.3 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 5.8 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 43.2 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 24.3 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 6.0% Top destination countries: Malaysia, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, the Philippines, the United States, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Germany, Ireland SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 15.6% IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 148.1 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 36.4% Females as percentage of immigrants: 45.5% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, Nepal, Indonesia, India, the United Kingdom, China, Singapore, Sri Lanka Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 303 323 376 405 430 420 420 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.2 bn, total international reserves US$0.8 bn in 2008. 80 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Bulgaria Europe and Central Asia UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 7.6 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) ­0.8 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 70.2 Labor force (millions, 2008) 3.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 5.7 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 71.4 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 111.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 44.9 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 5,770 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.0 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 0.0 Age dependency ratio (2009) 44.6 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,200.6 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 16.0% Top destination countries: Turkey, Spain, Germany, Greece, Italy, Moldova, the United Kingdom, the United States, Romania, Canada SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 6.6% Emigration of physicians: 814 or 2.9% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 107.2 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 1.4% Females as percentage of immigrants: 57.9% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 4.4% Top source country: Turkey Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 1,718 1,723 1,613 1,716 1,694 1,874 1,558 1,602 of which Workers' remittances 681 436 462 420 905 981 965 -- Compensation of employees 1,037 1,286 1,151 1,297 788 894 593 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 13 29 35 50 103 162 101 -- of which Workers' remittances -- 18 22 21 33 33 14 -- Compensation of employees 113 11 14 29 69 128 88 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$9.2 bn, total international reserves US$17.9 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$30.2 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 81 Burkina Faso Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 15.8 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 3.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 55.6 Labor force (millions, 2008) 6.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 20.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 274.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 8.0 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 510 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.8 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 55.0 Age dependency ratio (2009) 93.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,576.4 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 9.7% Top destination countries: Côte d'Ivoire, Niger, Mali, Italy, Benin, Nigeria, France, Gabon, Germany, the United States SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 2.6% Emigration of physicians: (a) 1 or 0.2% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 78 or 19.9% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 76 or 2.4% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 1,043.0 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 6.4% Females as percentage of immigrants: 50.8% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.1% Top source countries: Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, Ghana, Togo, Niger, Benin Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 50 50 50 50 50 50 49 43 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.1 bn, net ODA received US$1.0 bn, total international reserves US$0.9 bn in 2008. 82 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Burundi Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 8.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.6 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 314.4 Labor force (millions, 2008) 4.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 10.7 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 27.8 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 1.3 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 150 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3.5 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 81.3 Age dependency ratio (2009) 70.0 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 356.0 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 4.2% Top destination countries: Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Belgium, Canada, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, Australia, the United States SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 8.5% Emigration of physicians: (a) 19 or 5.2% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 136 or 37.2% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 134 or 77.9% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 60.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.7% Females as percentage of immigrants: 54.6% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 31.0% Top source countries: Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e a Inward remittance flows -- 0 0 0 0 4 3 3 of which Workers' remittances -- 0 0 0 0 4 -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 -- of which Workers' remittances -- 0 0 0 0 0 -- -- Compensation of employees 3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers 1 1 0 0 0 0 -- -- a. For comparison: net ODA received US$0.5 bn, total international reserves US$0.3 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 83 Cambodia East Asia and Pacific LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 14.8 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.7 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 83.3 Labor force (millions, 2008) 7.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 22.2 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 181.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 9.7 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 650 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 7.8 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 40.2 Age dependency ratio (2009) 58.1 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 350.4 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 2.3% Top destination countries: the United States, France, Thailand, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea, Japan, Switzerland, Belgium SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 18.3% Emigration of physicians: 71 or 3.5% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 335.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 2.2% Females as percentage of immigrants: 51.7% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Vietnam, Thailand, China, France, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, the United States, Malaysia, the Philippines, Japan, Singapore Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 138 177 200 297 353 325 338 364 of which Workers' remittances 125 144 160 180 184 187 140 -- Compensation of employees 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 -- Migrants' transfers 10 30 36 114 165 133 193 -- Outward remittance flows 109 129 184 173 186 230 215 -- of which Workers' remittances 10 12 16 20 24 24 19 -- Compensation of employees 46 44 113 100 94 147 140 -- Migrants' transfers 53 73 56 53 67 60 56 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.8 bn, net ODA received US$0.7 bn, total international reserves US$2.6 bn in 2008. 84 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Cameroon Sub-Saharan Africa LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 19.5 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 40.6 Labor force (millions, 2008) 6.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 57.6 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 475.4 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 21.6 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 1,170 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3.0 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 27.5 Age dependency ratio (2009) 80.1 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 279.2 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 1.4% Top destination countries: France, Chad, Gabon, the United States, Nigeria, Germany, Italy, the Central African Republic, Spain, the United Kingdom SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 17.2% Emigration of physicians: (a) 106 or 8.0% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 845 or 45.6% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 1,163 or 18.9% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 196.6 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 1.0% Females as percentage of immigrants: 45.7% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 24.2% Top source countries: Nigeria, Chad, France Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 76 103 77 130 167 162 148 148 of which Workers' remittances 61 98 67 118 152 129 129 -- Compensation of employees 15 5 10 12 15 15 18 -- Migrants' transfers 0 -- 0 -- -- 0 -- -- Outward remittance flows 57 42 56 92 90 56 94 -- of which Workers' remittances 29 23 20 48 42 20 58 -- Compensation of employees 28 20 36 44 48 36 37 -- Migrants' transfers 0 -- 0 -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net ODA received US$0.5 bn, total international reserves US$3.1 bn, exports of goods and services US$6.9 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 85 Canada HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 33.7 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.0 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 3.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) 18.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 6.1 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 80.5 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 9,984.7 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 1,323.5 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 42,170 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 1.2 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 43.6 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,186.0 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 3.5% Top destination countries: the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Germany, France, Japan, Portugal, New Zealand, the Netherlands, the Republic of Korea SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 4.6% Emigration of physicians: 18,375 or 22.2% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 7,202.3 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 21.3% Females as percentage of immigrants: 52.2% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 2.3% Top source countries: the United Kingdom; China; India; the Philippines; Italy; the United States; Hong Kong SAR, China; Germany; Poland; Vietnam Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. 86 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Cape Verde Sub-Saharan Africa LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 0.5 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.6 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 123.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 60.4 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 4.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 1.5 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 3,010 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 8.0 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 18.4 Age dependency ratio (2009) 67.8 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 192.5 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 37.5% Top destination countries: Portugal, France, the United States, Mozambique, Angola, the Netherlands, Senegal, Italy, Spain, Nigeria SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 67.5% Emigration of physicians: 211 or 51.1% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 244 or 40.7% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 12.1 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 2.4% Females as percentage of immigrants: 50.4% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: São Tomé and Principe, Angola, Guinea-Bissau, Portugal, Senegal, Italy, the United States, France, Nigeria, Brazil Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 109 113 137 137 139 155 145 144 of which Workers' remittances 108 113 137 136 138 154 154 -- Compensation of employees 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 7 12 5 6 6 10 10 -- of which Workers' remittances 7 11 4 5 5 8 -- -- Compensation of employees 1 1 1 1 1 2 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.2 bn, net ODA received US$0.2 bn, total international reserves US$0.3 bn, exports of goods and services US$0.3 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 87 Cayman Islands HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (thousands, 2009) 55.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 3.4 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 208.6 Labor force (millions, 2008) -- Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 100.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.3 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) -- Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 3.9 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 7.0% Top destination countries: the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Virgin Islands (U.S.), Ireland, Honduras, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Greece, Australia SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Skilled emigration data are currently not available for this country. IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 35.7 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 63.0% Females as percentage of immigrants: 48.4% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Jamaica, the United States, the United Kingdom, Honduras, Canada, Nicaragua, Cuba, Trinidad and Tobago, Belize, Costa Rica Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. 88 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Central African Republic Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 4.4 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.9 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 7.1 Labor force (millions, 2008) 2.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 38.7 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 623.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 2.0 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 450 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 2.9 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 64.4 Age dependency ratio (2009) 80.2 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 129.3 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 2.9% Top destination countries: Chad, France, the Republic of Congo, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, the United States, Mali, Canada, Italy, Belgium SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 7.1% Emigration of physicians: (a) 5 or 3.6% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 87 or 42.0% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 99 or 24.8% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 80.5 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 1.8% Females as percentage of immigrants: 46.6% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 12.4% Top source countries: Chad, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Cameroon, France, Sudan, Senegal, Nigeria, the Republic of Congo, Mali, Niger Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 89 Chad Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 11.2 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 3.2 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 8.8 Labor force (millions, 2008) 4.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 27.1 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 1,284.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 6.1 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 610 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3.8 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 58.7 Age dependency ratio (2009) 94.4 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 243.3 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 2.1% Top destination countries: Cameroon, Sudan, the Central African Republic, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, France, the Republic of Congo, Canada, the United States, Germany SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 2.4% Emigration of physicians: (a) 1 or 0.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 70 or 22.0% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 131 or 11.1% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 388.3 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 3.4% Females as percentage of immigrants: 48.0% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 74.8% Top source countries: Nigeria, the Central African Republic, Cameroon, Sudan, Niger, Libya, the Republic of Congo, Gabon Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. 90 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Channel Islands HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 0.1 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.2 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 786.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) -- Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 31.3 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.2 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 44.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 0.0 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 0.0% SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Skilled emigration data are currently not available for this country. IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 74.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 49.8% Females as percentage of immigrants: 53.0% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 91 Chile Latin America and the Caribbean UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 17.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.1 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 22.4 Labor force (millions, 2008) 7.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 7.8 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 88.7 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 756.6 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 153.4 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 9,420 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3.4 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 0.7 Age dependency ratio (2009) 46.4 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 633.6 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 3.7% Top destination countries: Argentina, the United States, Spain, Canada, Sweden, Australia, Brazil, Ecuador, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, France SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 6.1% Emigration of physicians: 917 or 5.1% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 320.4 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 1.9% Females as percentage of immigrants: 53.5% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.4% Top source countries: Argentina, Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Spain, the United States, Brazil, Germany, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Colombia Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 12 12 13 3 3 3 4 5 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 12 12 13 3 3 3 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 15 15 16 6 6 6 6 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 15 15 16 6 6 6 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$16.8 bn, net ODA received US$0.1 bn, total international reserves US$23.1 bn, exports of goods and services US$76.5 bn in 2008. 92 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 China East Asia and Pacific LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 1,331.5 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.6 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 142.1 Labor force (millions, 2008) 782.8 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 4.2 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 44.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 9,598.1 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 4,938.0 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 3,590 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 11.4 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 39.4 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 8,343.6 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 0.6% Top destination countries: Hong Kong SAR, China; the United States; Japan; Canada; Singapore; Thailand; Australia; the Republic of Korea; Macao SAR, China; Italy SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 3.8% Emigration of physicians: 4,459 or 0.2% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 685.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.1% Females as percentage of immigrants: 50.0% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 43.9% Remittances US$ million 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 15,059 20,186 24,102 27,954 38,791 48,524 48,729 51,000 of which Workers' remittances 3,343 4,627 5,495 6,830 10,679 13,557 13,693 -- Compensation of employees 1,283 2,014 3,337 4,319 6,833 9,137 9,209 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 1,597 1,998 2,550 3,025 4,372 5,737 4,444 -- of which Workers' remittances 477 616 732 695 1,879 3,000 2,393 -- Compensation of employees 1,120 1,382 1,817 2,330 2,493 2,736 2,052 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$147.8 bn, net ODA received US$1.5 bn, total international reserves US$1,966.0 bn, exports of goods and services US$1,581.7 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 93 Colombia Latin America and the Caribbean UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 45.7 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.5 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 40.1 Labor force (millions, 2008) 21.8 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 11.7 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 74.8 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 1,141.8 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 221.2 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 4,930 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.6 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 13.9 Age dependency ratio (2009) 53.0 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 2,122.1 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 4.6% Top destination countries: the United States, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Spain, Ecuador, Canada, Panama, France, Italy, the United Kingdom, Germany SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 10.4% Emigration of physicians: 2,820 or 5.7% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 110.3 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.2% Females as percentage of immigrants: 47.9% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.1% Top source countries: República Bolivariana de Venezuela, the United States, Ecuador, Spain, Peru, Argentina, Mexico, Italy, Germany, Brazil Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 3,076 3,190 3,346 3,928 4,523 4,884 4,180 3,942 of which Workers' remittances 3,060 3,170 3,314 3,890 4,493 4,842 4,145 -- Compensation of employees 16 20 32 38 30 42 35 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 65 51 56 66 95 88 92 -- of which Workers' remittances 52 31 37 47 66 59 60 -- Compensation of employees 12 19 19 19 29 29 33 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$10.6 bn, net ODA received US$1.0 bn, total international reserves US$23.7 bn, exports of goods and services US$44.3 bn in 2008. 94 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Comoros Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 0.7 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.2 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 345.8 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 28.1 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 1.9 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 0.5 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 870 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3.8 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 46.1 Age dependency ratio (2009) 70.1 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 38.6 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 5.6% Top destination countries: France, Madagascar, Tanzania, the Arab Republic of Egypt, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Belgium, Canada, Bahrain SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 21.2% Emigration of physicians: (a) 1 or 2.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 24 or 32.4% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 70 or 23.3% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 13.5 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 2.0% Females as percentage of immigrants: 53.3% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Madagascar, Mayotte, France, Tanzania Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e a Inward remittance flows 12 12 12 12 12 12 11 11 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: total international reserves US$0.1 bn, exports of goods and services US$0.1 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 95 Congo, Democratic Republic of Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 66.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.2 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 28.3 Labor force (millions, 2008) 23.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 34.6 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 2,344.9 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 10.0 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 160 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 5.3 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 59.2 Age dependency ratio (2009) 97.3 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 913.9 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 1.3% Top destination countries: Rwanda, Uganda, the Republic of Congo, Belgium, France, Zambia, Germany, the Central African Republic, Canada, Burundi SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 13.7% Emigration of physicians: (a) 403 or 10.7% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 552 or 8.9% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 2,288 or 11.9% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 444.7 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.7% Females as percentage of immigrants: 53.1% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 43.4% Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. 96 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Congo, Republic of Sub-Saharan Africa LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 3.7 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.1 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 10.6 Labor force (millions, 2008) 1.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 61.7 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 342.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 6.0 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 1,830 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 5.1 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 54.1 Age dependency ratio (2009) 79.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 208.6 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 5.6% Top destination countries: Tanzania, France, Gabon, the United States, the Netherlands, Zambia, Italy, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Mali SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 22.2% Emigration of physicians: (a) 62 or 6.7% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 747 or 52.7% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 660 or 11.8% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 143.2 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 3.8% Females as percentage of immigrants: 49.4% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 32.9% Top source countries: the Democratic Republic of Congo, France, Angola, the Central African Republic, Mali, Benin, Senegal, Chad, Cameroon, Mauritania Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 12 15 11 13 15 15 14 13 of which Workers' remittances 5 6 -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 8 9 11 13 15 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 39 49 66 81 102 102 -- -- of which Workers' remittances 6 7 7 8 9 -- -- -- Compensation of employees 34 43 59 73 93 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$2.6 bn, net ODA received US$0.5 bn, total international reserves US$3.9 bn, exports of goods and services US$8.4 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 97 Costa Rica Latin America and the Caribbean UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 4.6 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.8 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 88.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) 2.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 63.8 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 51.1 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 28.8 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 6,230 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.7 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 2.4 Age dependency ratio (2009) 47.4 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 125.3 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 2.7% Top destination countries: the United States, Nicaragua, Panama, Canada, Spain, Mexico, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Germany, República Bolivariana de Venezuela SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 7.2% Emigration of physicians: 313 or 4.6% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 489.2 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 10.5% Females as percentage of immigrants: 50.0% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 3.5% Top source countries: Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, Belize Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 321 320 420 513 618 605 574 622 of which Workers' remittances 306 302 400 490 596 584 489 -- Compensation of employees 15 17 21 23 22 21 25 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 192 192 209 246 271 269 239 -- of which Workers' remittances 156 155 196 233 258 254 224 -- Compensation of employees 36 37 13 13 14 14 15 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$2.0 bn, net ODA received US$0.1 bn, total international reserves US$3.8 bn, exports of goods and services US$13.6 bn in 2008. 98 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Côte d'Ivoire Sub-Saharan Africa LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 21.1 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.2 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 64.8 Labor force (millions, 2008) 7.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 49.4 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 322.5 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 22.1 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 1,060 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 1.9 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 20.4 Age dependency ratio (2009) 80.2 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,170.9 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 5.4% Top destination countries: Burkina Faso, Mali, France, Italy, the United States, Nigeria, Germany, the United Kingdom, Gabon, Liberia SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 5.7% Emigration of physicians: (a) 9 or 0.6% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 284 or 13.9% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 509 or 6.6% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 2,406.7 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 11.2% Females as percentage of immigrants: 45.1% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 1.1% Top source countries: Burkina Faso, Mali, Guinea, Ghana, Niger, Liberia, Benin, Togo, Nigeria, Senegal Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e a Inward remittance flows 142 159 163 167 185 199 185 177 of which Workers' remittances -- 1 2 2 2 -- -- -- Compensation of employees 142 158 161 165 182 195 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 628 591 597 660 698 756 120 -- of which Workers' remittances 613 575 580 643 679 -- -- -- Compensation of employees 15 16 17 17 19 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.4 bn, net ODA received US$0.6 bn, total international reserves US$2.3 bn, exports of goods and services US$10.9 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 99 Croatia HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 4.4 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) ­0.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 79.3 Labor force (millions, 2008) 2.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 8.4 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 57.5 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 56.5 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 61.0 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 13,810 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 2.2 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 0.0 Age dependency ratio (2009) 47.8 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 753.9 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 17.1% Top destination countries: Germany, Australia, Austria, the United States, Canada, France, Italy, Switzerland, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 24.1% Emigration of physicians: 707 or 6.3% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 699.9 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 15.9% Females as percentage of immigrants: 53.0% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.3% Top source countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Germany, Italy, Austria, the United States, Australia, Switzerland, Canada Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 1,085 1,222 1,222 1,234 1,394 1,602 1,476 1,545 of which Workers' remittances 797 851 845 689 611 664 544 -- Compensation of employees 247 333 359 510 724 880 870 -- Migrants' transfers 41 37 18 34 59 58 62 -- Outward remittance flows 67 69 62 274 86 116 99 -- of which Workers' remittances 17 17 21 27 31 42 33 -- Compensation of employees 38 43 36 39 46 52 52 -- Migrants' transfers 12 9 5 208 8 22 14 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$4.8 bn, net ODA received US$0.4 bn, total international reserves US$13.0 bn, exports of goods and services US$29.1 bn in 2008. 100 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Cuba Latin America and the Caribbean UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 11.2 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.1 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 102.4 Labor force (millions, 2008) 5.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 75.7 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 110.9 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 5.4 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 42.1 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,219.2 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 10.9% Top destination countries: the United States, Spain, Italy, Germany, Canada, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Haiti, Chile SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 28.7% Emigration of physicians: 2,592 or 3.8% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 15.3 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.1% Females as percentage of immigrants: 28.9% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 4.2% Top source countries: Spain, the Russian Federation, Haiti, Ukraine, the United States, Mexico, Germany, China, Jamaica, Nicaragua Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 101 Cyprus HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 0.9 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.2 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 93.5 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 3.7 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 70.1 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 9.3 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.0 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 44.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 149.6 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 17.0% Top destination countries: the United Kingdom, Australia, Greece, Turkey, the United States, Canada, Germany, France, Jordan, Sweden SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 31.2% IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 154.3 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 17.5% Females as percentage of immigrants: 57.2% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.7% Top source countries: the United Kingdom, Greece, Georgia, the Russian Federation, Sri Lanka, the Philippines, Bulgaria, Romania, the Arab Republic of Egypt, South Africa Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 84 245 189 169 172 279 153 146 of which Workers' remittances 6 44 51 70 99 170 91 -- Compensation of employees 25 33 54 35 44 88 39 -- Migrants' transfers 52 168 85 65 30 21 23 -- Outward remittance flows 202 255 273 279 370 577 409 -- of which Workers' remittances 47 54 55 55 81 115 120 -- Compensation of employees 137 159 185 184 223 408 241 -- Migrants' transfers 18 42 33 39 66 54 48 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$3.9 bn, total international reserves US$1.0 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$11.7 bn in 2008. 102 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Czech Republic HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 10.5 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.2 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 135.0 Labor force (millions, 2008) 5.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 4.4 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 73.5 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 78.9 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 178.1 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 17,310 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3.5 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 0.0 Age dependency ratio (2009) 40.9 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 370.6 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 3.6% Top destination countries: the Slovak Republic, Germany, Austria, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Israel, Australia, Switzerland, Spain SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 10.4% Emigration of physicians: 1,921 or 5.2% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 453.0 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 4.4% Females as percentage of immigrants: 53.2% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.4% Top source countries: the Slovak Republic, Ukraine, Poland, Vietnam, the Russian Federation, Romania, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 498 815 1,026 1,190 1,332 1,360 1,201 1,263 of which Workers' remittances -- -- 100 128 150 168 96 -- Compensation of employees 494 805 917 1,054 1,174 1,234 1,094 -- Migrants' transfers 5 9 9 8 9 13 10 -- Outward remittance flows 1,102 1,431 1,677 1,481 2,069 2,948 2,562 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- 291 462 630 590 747 -- Compensation of employees 1,100 1,426 1,384 1,016 1,437 2,355 1,799 -- Migrants' transfers 3 5 2 3 2 3 16 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$10.9 bn, total international reserves US$37.0 bn, exports of goods and services US$166.1 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 103 Denmark HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 5.5 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.4 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 129.6 Labor force (millions, 2008) 2.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 3.3 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 86.9 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 43.1 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 317.6 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 58,930 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 0.4 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 52.7 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 259.6 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 4.7% Top destination countries: Sweden, the United States, Germany, Norway, Canada, the United Kingdom, Spain, Australia, France, Iceland SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 7.7% Emigration of physicians: 955 or 5.0% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 483.7 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 8.8% Females as percentage of immigrants: 59.9% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 7.7% Top source countries: Turkey, Germany, Iraq, Poland, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Norway, Sweden, Lebanon, the Islamic Republic of Iran, the United Kingdom Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 941 1,075 867 982 819 903 926 952 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 941 1,075 867 982 819 903 926 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 1,029 1,226 1,488 1,766 3,019 3,994 3,417 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 1,029 1,226 1,488 1,766 3,019 3,222 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$3.1 bn, total international reserves US$42.3 bn, exports of goods and services US$186.5 bn in 2008. 104 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Djibouti Middle East and North Africa LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 0.9 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.0 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 36.6 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 87.7 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 23.2 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 1.1 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 1,280 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.8 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 18.6 Age dependency ratio (2009) 64.8 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 13.5 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 1.5% Top destination countries: France, Ethiopia, Canada, the Arab Republic of Egypt, the United Kingdom, the United States, Belgium, Germany, Australia, Italy SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 11.0% Emigration of physicians: 26 or 23.2% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 9 or 2.1% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 114.1 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 13.0% Females as percentage of immigrants: 45.9% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 7.0% Top source countries: Somalia, Ethiopia, the Republic of Yemen Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 25 25 26 28 29 30 28 28 of which Workers' remittances 3 3 3 4 4 4 -- -- Compensation of employees 22 22 23 25 25 26 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 -- of which Workers' remittances 5 5 5 5 5 5 -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.3 bn, net ODA received US$0.1 bn, total international reserves US$0.2 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 105 Dominica Latin America and the Caribbean UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (thousands, 2009) 73.6 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 97.6 Labor force (millions, 2008) -- Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 74.3 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.8 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 0.4 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 4,870 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3.4 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) -- Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 69.3 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 104.1%1 Top destination countries: the United States, the United Kingdom, Virgin Islands (U.S.), Antigua and Barbuda, Canada, Spain, Italy, France, Barbados, Greece SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 64.2% Emigration of physicians: 2,105 or 98.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 5.5 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 8.3% Females as percentage of immigrants: 45.6% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: the United Kingdom, the United States, Antigua and Barbuda, Trinidad and Tobago, St. Lucia Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e a Inward remittance flows 18 23 25 25 26 26 23 25 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 14 18 20 21 22 22 19 -- Migrants' transfers 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 -- Outward remittance flows 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.1 bn, total international reserves US$0.1 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$0.1 bn in 2008. 1. The stock of emigrants as percentage of population is defined as the ratio of emigrants of a country to the population--not the sum of population and migrants. Because of this definition, this ratio may exceed 100 percent in certain cases (e.g., Dominica.) 106 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Dominican Republic Latin America and the Caribbean UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 10.1 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.5 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 203.3 Labor force (millions, 2008) 4.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 69.8 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 48.7 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 44.7 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 4,510 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 7.4 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 5.0 Age dependency ratio (2009) 59.9 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,035.8 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 10.1% Top destination countries: the United States, Spain, Italy, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Netherlands Antilles, Haiti, Panama, Germany, Canada, the Netherlands SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 21.6% Emigration of physicians: 6,725 or 30.0% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 434.3 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 4.2% Females as percentage of immigrants: 41.0% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Haiti, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, the United States, Puerto Rico, Spain, Italy, Cuba, Germany, Colombia, Canada Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 2,325 2,501 2,719 3,084 3,427 3,556 3,477 3,373 of which Workers' remittances 2,061 2,230 2,430 2,738 3,046 3,111 3,042 -- Compensation of employees 265 271 289 316 351 384 373 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- 31 30 61 52 -- Outward remittance flows 23 24 25 27 28 35 29 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 23 24 25 27 28 35 29 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$2.9 bn, net ODA received US$0.2 bn, total international reserves US$2.3 bn, exports of goods and services US$11.8 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 107 Ecuador Latin America and the Caribbean LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 13.6 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.1 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 48.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) 5.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 6.9 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 66.2 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 283.6 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 55.6 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 3,920 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.3 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 9.8 Age dependency ratio (2009) 60.2 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,147.8 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 8.3% Top destination countries: Spain, the United States, Italy, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Chile, Canada, Colombia, Germany, the United Kingdom, Panama SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 9.5% Emigration of physicians: 508 or 2.7% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 393.6 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 2.9% Females as percentage of immigrants: 48.4% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 66.9% Top source countries: Colombia, the United States, Peru, Chile, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Spain, Argentina, Germany, Italy, Cuba Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 1,633 1,838 2,460 2,934 3,094 2,828 2,502 2,548 of which Workers' remittances 1,627 1,832 2,454 2,928 3,088 2,822 2,495 -- Compensation of employees 6 6 7 6 6 6 7 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 7 7 54 62 83 66 81 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- 48 57 78 60 -- -- Compensation of employees 7 7 6 5 5 6 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$1.0 bn, net ODA received US$0.2 bn, total international reserves US$4.5 bn, exports of goods and services US$20.7 bn in 2008. 108 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Egypt, Arab Republic of Middle East and North Africa LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 83.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.9 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 81.9 Labor force (millions, 2008) 25.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 8.7 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 42.6 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 1,001.5 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 188.5 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 2,070 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 6,0 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 2.0 Age dependency ratio (2009) 58.4 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 3,739.1 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 4.4% Top destination countries: Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Libya, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, the United States, West Bank and Gaza, Italy, Qatar, the Republic of Yemen SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 4.6% Emigration of physicians: (a) 7,791 or 5.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 7,119 or 4.7% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 992 or 0.5% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 244.7 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.3% Females as percentage of immigrants: 46.6% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 37.9% Top source countries: West Bank and Gaza, Somalia, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Libya, Jordan, Sudan, Indonesia, Lebanon, Kuwait Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 2,961 3,341 5,017 5,330 7,656 8,694 7,150 7,681 of which Workers' remittances 2,961 3,341 5,017 5,330 7,656 8,694 7,150 -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 79 13 57 135 180 241 255 -- of which Workers' remittances 79 13 57 135 180 241 255 -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$9.5 bn, net ODA received US$1.3 bn, total international reserves US$34.3 bn, exports of goods and services US$53.8 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 109 El Salvador Latin America and the Caribbean LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 6.2 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.4 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 296.0 Labor force (millions, 2008) 2.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 61.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 21.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 21.0 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 3,370 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 2.4 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 13.5 Age dependency ratio (2009) 65.2 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,269.1 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 20.5% Top destination countries: the United States, Canada, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Australia, Belize, Spain, Italy, Mexico, Honduras SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 31.0% Emigration of physicians: 368 or 4.7% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 40.3 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.7% Females as percentage of immigrants: 52.5% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.1% Top source countries: Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua, the United States, Mexico, Costa Rica, Colombia, Spain, Panama, Belize Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 2,122 2,564 3,030 3,485 3,712 3,804 3,531 3,648 of which Workers' remittances 2,105 2,548 3,017 3,471 3,695 3,788 -- -- Compensation of employees 16 15 11 12 14 13 -- -- Migrants' transfers 1 1 1 2 3 3 -- -- Outward remittance flows 25 33 24 28 29 19 19 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 24 32 24 28 28 19 -- -- Migrants' transfers 1 1 0 1 1 1 -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.8 bn, net ODA received US$0.2 bn, total international reserves US$2.6 bn, exports of goods and services US$6.1 bn in 2008. 110 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Equatorial Guinea HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 0.7 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.8 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 23.5 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 39.5 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 28.1 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 6.3 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 12,420 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 7.7 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 78.2 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 103.1 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 14.9% Top destination countries: Gabon, Spain, Nigeria, the Republic of Congo, the United States, São Tomé and Principe, Germany, the Central African Republic, France, Portugal SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 13.0% Emigration of physicians: (a) 1 or 0.9% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 81 or 63.3% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 98 or 37.7% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 7.4 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 1.1% Females as percentage of immigrants: 47.0% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Cameroon, Nigeria, Spain, France Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 111 Eritrea Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 5.1 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 3.6 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 49.5 Labor force (millions, 2008) 2.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 21.2 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 117.6 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 1.6 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 78.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 941.2 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 18.0% Top destination countries: Sudan, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, Italy, the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, Sweden, Australia SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 34.0% Emigration of physicians: 98 or 36.2% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 497 or 38.0% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 16.5 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.3% Females as percentage of immigrants: 45.9% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 29.3% Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. 112 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Estonia HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 1.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) ­0.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 31.6 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 5.5 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 69.5 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 45.2 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 18.5 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 14,060 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 1.8 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 0.0 Age dependency ratio (2009) 47.3 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 169.5 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 12.7% Top destination countries: the Russian Federation, Finland, Sweden, the United States, Israel, Canada, Germany, Latvia, Ireland, the United Kingdom SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 11.5% Emigration of physicians: 222 or 4.8% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 182.5 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 13.6% Females as percentage of immigrants: 59.6% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 51 167 264 402 426 398 325 342 of which Workers' remittances 9 12 10 10 30 60 57 -- Compensation of employees 42 155 255 392 396 338 268 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 19 26 50 75 96 105 81 -- of which Workers' remittances 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 -- Compensation of employees 16 25 49 74 94 103 78 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$1.9 bn, total international reserves US$4.0 bn, exports of goods and services US$17.7 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 113 Ethiopia Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 82.8 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.6 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 80.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) 37.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 17.3 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 1,104.3 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 28.5 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 330 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 10.7 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 39.0 Age dependency ratio (2009) 87.6 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 620.1 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 0.7% Top destination countries: Sudan, the United States, Israel, Djibouti, Kenya, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Germany, Italy, Sweden SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 10.1% Emigration of physicians: (a) 478 or 26.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 553 or 29.7% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 1,077 or 16.8% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 548.0 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.6% Females as percentage of immigrants: 47.1% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 16.6% Top source countries: Eritrea, Somalia, Sudan, Djibouti, Kenya Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e a Inward remittance flows 46 134 174 172 358 387 353 387 of which Workers' remittances 46 134 174 169 356 387 -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- 3 2 0 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 17 9 16 14 15 21 21 -- of which Workers' remittances 17 9 16 14 15 21 -- -- Compensation of employees 1 -- -- -- -- 0 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.1 bn, net ODA received US$3.3 bn, total international reserves US$0.9 bn, exports of goods and services US$2.9 bn in 2008. 114 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Faeroe Islands HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (thousands, 2009) 48.6 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.8 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 34.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) -- Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 42.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 1.4 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) -- Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 0.8 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 1.5% Top destination countries: Iceland, Australia, Panama, New Zealand, Ecuador, the Netherlands, Greece, Mexico, Uruguay SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Skilled emigration data are currently not available for this country. IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 3.3 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 6.5% Females as percentage of immigrants: 43.8% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Denmark, Iceland Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 115 Fiji East Asia and Pacific UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 0.8 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.6 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 45.9 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 52.9 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 18.3 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 3.0 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 3,950 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) ­0.1 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 56.6 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 182.2 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 21.3% Top destination countries: Australia, the United States, New Zealand, Canada, the United Kingdom, New Caledonia, the Solomon Islands, Samoa, Japan, India SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 62.2% Emigration of physicians: 190 or 41.0% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 18.5 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 2.2% Females as percentage of immigrants: 47.8% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: India, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Papua New Guinea, French Polynesia, Samoa, Guam, Pakistan, Bangladesh Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 124 173 185 185 160 123 113 128 of which Workers' remittances 54 55 134 144 115 73 -- -- Compensation of employees 70 117 49 39 45 50 -- -- Migrants' transfers 1 1 2 1 0 1 -- -- Outward remittance flows 26 42 34 32 31 44 44 -- of which Workers' remittances 2 14 5 5 4 5 -- -- Compensation of employees 2 2 3 5 5 8 -- -- Migrants' transfers 22 26 26 22 22 31 -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.3 bn in 2008. 116 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Finland HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 5.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 17.4 Labor force (millions, 2008) 2.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 6.4 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 63.6 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 338.2 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 236.0 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 45,680 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 1.1 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 50.3 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 329.5 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 6.2% Top destination countries: Sweden, Germany, the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States, Spain, Norway, Australia, Switzerland, Denmark SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 7.5% Emigration of physicians: 816 or 4.9% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 225.6 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 4.2% Females as percentage of immigrants: 47.7% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 3.8% Top source countries: Sweden, Estonia, the Russian Federation, Somalia, Germany, China, Iraq, Thailand, Turkey, the United Kingdom Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 526 666 693 698 762 818 797 872 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 526 666 693 698 762 818 797 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 149 225 266 331 391 457 436 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- 17 22 24 30 25 -- Compensation of employees 149 225 249 309 367 428 411 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$-7.8 bn, total international reserves US$8.4 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$120.4 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 117 France HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 62.6 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.7 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 112.8 Labor force (millions, 2008) 28.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 7.4 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 77.6 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 551.5 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 2,674.8 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 42,680 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 0.8 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 54.2 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,742.1 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 2.8% Top destination countries: Spain, Belgium, Germany, the United States, Portugal, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Canada, Israel, Italy SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 3.4% Emigration of physicians: 4,039 or 2.0% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 6,684.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 10.7% Females as percentage of immigrants: 51.3% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 2.2% Top source countries: Algeria, Morocco, Portugal, Italy, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, the United Kingdom, Germany, Belgium Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 11,311 12,277 11,945 13,031 14,445 16,408 15,551 15,939 of which Workers' remittances 451 460 512 1,143 1,220 1,205 1,085 -- Compensation of employees 10,860 11,817 11,434 11,888 13,225 15,203 14,466 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 4,388 4,262 4,182 5,511 5,998 6,334 5,224 -- of which Workers' remittances 2,851 3,093 3,110 4,383 4,712 5,011 3,973 -- Compensation of employees 1,537 1,169 1,072 1,128 1,286 1,323 1,251 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$100.4 bn, total international reserves US$103.3 bn, exports of goods and services US$755.3 bn in 2008. 118 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 French Polynesia HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 0.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.5 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 72.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 51.6 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 4.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 47.1 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 4.2 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 1.5% Top destination countries: New Caledonia, Fiji, New Zealand, Kiribati, Australia, Greece, the Netherlands, Chile, Mexico SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Skilled emigration data are currently not available for this country. IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 34.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 12.8% Females as percentage of immigrants: 45.4% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: France, New Caledonia Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flows 509 598 557 622 689 751 690 771 of which Workers' remittances 12 15 11 14 14 11 -- -- Compensation of employees 496 583 546 607 675 740 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 51 46 47 51 56 69 69 -- of which Workers' remittances 27 32 33 36 40 42 -- -- Compensation of employees 25 14 14 15 16 28 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 119 Gabon Sub-Saharan Africa UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 1.5 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.0 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 5.6 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 85.5 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 267.7 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 9.5 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 7,370 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 2.2 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 4.8 Age dependency ratio (2009) 68.0 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 25.2 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 1.7% Top destination countries: France, Mali, the Republic of Congo, the United States, Canada, São Tomé and Principe, Germany, Belgium, Spain, Chad SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 14.6% Emigration of physicians: (a) 4 or 1.1% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 65 or 15.0% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 107 or 6.4% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 284.1 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 18.9% Females as percentage of immigrants: 43.0% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 3.0% Top source countries: Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Benin, Mali, Senegal, Nigeria, the Republic of Congo, France, Togo, Burkina Faso Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e a Inward remittance flows 6 7 11 11 11 11 10 10 of which Workers' remittances 4 1 1 -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 2 5 10 -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 115 110 186 -- -- -- -- -- of which Workers' remittances 109 91 163 -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 6 19 22 -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net ODA received US$0.1 bn, total international reserves US$1.9 bn, exports of goods and services US$9.7 bn in 2008. 120 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Gambia, The Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 1.7 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 3.0 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 166.0 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 57.3 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 11.3 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 0.7 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 440 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 5.7 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 31.3 Age dependency ratio (2009) 82.2 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 64.9 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 3.7% Top destination countries: Spain, the United States, Nigeria, Senegal, the United Kingdom, Germany, Sweden, Sierra Leone, Norway, France SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 63.3% Emigration of physicians: 46 or 53.5% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 282 or 66.2% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 290.1 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 16.6% Females as percentage of immigrants: 50.5% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 4.9% Top source countries: Senegal, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Mauritania, Sierra Leone Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 65 62 57 64 63 67 60 61 of which Workers' remittances 64 61 57 63 61 57 -- -- Compensation of employees 1 1 1 1 2 9 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- 2 -- -- Compensation of employees 1 1 1 1 1 1 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.1 bn, net ODA received US$0.1 bn, total international reserves US$0.1 bn, exports of goods and services US$0.2 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 121 Georgia Europe and Central Asia LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 4.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) ­1.2 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 62.8 Labor force (millions, 2008) 2.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 52.8 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 69.7 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 10.6 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 2,530 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 5.9 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 13.4 Age dependency ratio (2009) 45.3 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,057.7 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 25.1% Top destination countries: the Russian Federation, Armenia, Ukraine, Greece, Israel, the United States, Germany, Cyprus, Spain, Turkey SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 1.6% Emigration of physicians: 132 or 0.5% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 167.3 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 4.0% Females as percentage of immigrants: 57.1% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.7% Top source countries: the Russian Federation, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Ukraine, Turkey, Germany, Pakistan, the United States, Greece, Bulgaria Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 236 303 346 485 695 732 714 824 of which Workers' remittances 64 64 94 153 245 305 317 -- Compensation of employees 168 236 247 315 406 419 391 -- Migrants' transfers 3 3 5 17 45 8 5 -- Outward remittance flows 29 26 29 25 28 47 32 -- of which Workers' remittances 6 7 8 4 2 2 2 -- Compensation of employees 16 15 18 20 26 44 30 -- Migrants' transfers 8 3 3 1 0 0 0 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$1.6 bn, net ODA received US$0.9 bn, total international reserves US$1.5 bn, exports of goods and services US$3.7 bn in 2008. 122 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Germany HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 81.9 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.0 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 235.5 Labor force (millions, 2008) 41.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 7.5 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 73.7 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 357.1 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 3,394.1 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 42,560 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 0.5 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 51.0 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 3,540.6 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 4.3% Top destination countries: the United States, Turkey, the United Kingdom, Spain, Switzerland, Austria, Canada, Kazakhstan, France, Australia SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 5.2% Emigration of physicians: 13,047 or 4.6% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 10,758.1 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 13.1% Females as percentage of immigrants: 46.7% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 5.5% Top source countries: Turkey, Italy, Poland, Greece, Croatia, the Russian Federation, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Netherlands, Ukraine Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 5,783 6,581 6,933 7,567 9,898 10,908 10,879 11,559 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 5,744 6,510 6,867 7,481 9,775 10,711 10,728 -- Migrants' transfers 40 71 66 86 124 198 151 -- Outward remittance flows 11,190 12,069 12,499 12,546 13,882 14,951 15,924 -- of which Workers' remittances 3,766 3,951 3,646 3,676 4,106 4,530 4,172 -- Compensation of employees 7,098 7,715 8,414 8,489 9,337 9,954 11,352 -- Migrants' transfers 326 403 438 382 439 468 400 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$21.2 bn, total international reserves US$138.6 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$1,724.2 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 123 Ghana Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 23.8 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.2 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 102.6 Labor force (millions, 2008) 10.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 50.8 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 238.5 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 15.3 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 700 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 5.8 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 30.0 Age dependency ratio (2009) 72.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 824.9 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 3.4% Top destination countries: Nigeria, Côte d'Ivoire, the United States, the United Kingdom, Burkina Faso, Italy, Togo, Germany, Canada, Liberia SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 46.9% Emigration of physicians: (a) 924 or 37.1% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 1,639 or 55.9% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 4,766 or 24.1% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 1,851.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 7.6% Females as percentage of immigrants: 41.8% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 2.2% Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 65 82 99 105 117 126 114 119 of which Workers' remittances 65 82 99 105 117 126 114 -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$2.1 bn, net ODA received US$1.3 bn, exports of goods and services US$7.1 bn in 2008. 124 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Greece HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 11.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.4 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 87.2 Labor force (millions, 2008) 5.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 7.7 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 61.2 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 132.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 316.3 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 28,630 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 2.3 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 48.0 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,210.3 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 10.8% Top destination countries: Germany, the United States, Australia, Canada, Albania, Turkey, the United Kingdom, Cyprus, Israel, Belgium SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 12.0% Emigration of physicians: 4,886 or 9.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 1,132.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 10.1% Females as percentage of immigrants: 44.6% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.2% Top source countries: Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, Georgia, the Russian Federation, Poland, Ukraine, Pakistan, Cyprus, the United Kingdom Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 1,564 1,242 1,220 1,543 2,484 2,687 2,020 2,107 of which Workers' remittances 1,183 894 863 1,143 1,980 2,178 1,609 -- Compensation of employees 381 348 357 400 504 509 411 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 379 497 902 982 1,460 1,912 1,843 -- of which Workers' remittances 187 262 630 629 1,003 1,316 1,268 -- Compensation of employees 193 235 273 353 457 596 575 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$5.3 bn, total international reserves US$3.5 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$82.2 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 125 Greenland HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (thousands, 2009) 56.1 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.0 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 0.1 Labor force (millions, 2008) -- Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 83.8 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 410.5 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) -- Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 5.8 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 10.1% Top destination countries: Norway, Guatemala, Iceland, Australia, the Netherlands, Panama, Greece, Mexico, New Zealand SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Skilled emigration data are currently not available for this country. IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 5.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 10.2% Females as percentage of immigrants: 32.9% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. 126 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Grenada Latin America and the Caribbean UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 0.1 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 310.4 Labor force (millions, 2008) -- Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 30.9 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.3 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 0.6 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 5,550 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 1.8 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 53.4 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 68.3 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 65.5% Top destination countries: the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Mexico, Antigua and Barbuda, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Australia SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 85.1% Emigration of physicians: 3,433 or 98.6% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 12.6 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 12.1% Females as percentage of immigrants: 54.2% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 49 72 52 54 55 55 54 59 of which Workers' remittances 25 48 27 28 28 29 26 -- Compensation of employees 0 0 0 1 0 0 -- -- Migrants' transfers 23 24 25 25 26 27 27 -- Outward remittance flows 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 -- of which Workers' remittances 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.2 bn, total international reserves US$0.1 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$0.2 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 127 Guam HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 0.2 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.5 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 324.9 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 93.2 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.5 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 53.2 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 48.7 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 27.1% Top destination countries: the United States, Northern Mariana Islands, the Philippines, Fiji, Mexico, Palau, Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, New Zealand SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Skilled emigration data are currently not available for this country. IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 78.9 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 43.9% Females as percentage of immigrants: 43.6% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: the Philippines, the United States, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of Korea, China, Japan, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, the Marshall Islands, Puerto Rico Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. 128 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Guatemala Latin America and the Caribbean LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 14.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.5 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 126.1 Labor force (millions, 2008) 4.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 49.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 108.9 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 35.6 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 2,620 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3.9 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 13.1 Age dependency ratio (2009) 86.1 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 871.9 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 6.1% Top destination countries: the United States, Mexico, Belize, Canada, El Salvador, Spain, Costa Rica, Honduras, France, Nicaragua SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 24.2% Emigration of physicians: 606 or 5.6% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 59.5 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.4% Females as percentage of immigrants: 54.4% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.6% Top source countries: El Salvador, Mexico, Nicaragua, Honduras, the United States, the Republic of Korea, Spain, Costa Rica, Colombia, Belize Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 2,147 2,628 3,067 3,700 4,236 4,460 4,026 4,255 of which Workers' remittances 2,107 2,616 3,045 3,680 4,207 4,419 3,993 -- Compensation of employees 40 12 22 20 29 40 34 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 86 34 42 46 17 26 23 -- of which Workers' remittances 80 32 33 35 7 16 15 -- Compensation of employees 6 1 9 11 10 10 8 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.8 bn, net ODA received US$0.5 bn, total international reserves US$4.7 bn, exports of goods and services US$9.6 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 129 Guinea Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 10.1 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.0 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 40.0 Labor force (millions, 2008) 4.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 34.9 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 245.9 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 4.2 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3.0 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 69.8 Age dependency ratio (2009) 85.3 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 532.7 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 5.2% Top destination countries: Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal, Sierra Leone, The Gambia, Liberia, France, Mali, Spain, the United States, Nigeria SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 11.3% Emigration of physicians: (a) 58 or 7.7% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 115 or 11.4% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 267 or 6.5% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 394.6 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 3.8% Females as percentage of immigrants: 53.1% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 7.2% Top source countries: Liberia, Sierra Leone, Mali, Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Côte d'Ivoire, Benin, France, Togo, Niger Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 111 42 -- -- 151 72 68 66 of which Workers' remittances 111 42 -- -- 15 60 -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- 2 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- 136 10 -- -- Outward remittance flows 46 48 48 48 119 56 56 -- of which Workers' remittances 42 46 -- -- 34 36 -- -- Compensation of employees 4 2 -- -- 5 20 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- 80 -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.4 bn, net ODA received US$0.3 bn, exports of goods and services US$1.3 bn in 2008. 130 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Guinea-Bissau Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 1.6 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 56.0 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 29.9 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 36.1 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 0.4 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 42.5 Age dependency ratio (2009) 85.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 111.3 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 6.8% Top destination countries: Portugal, Senegal, The Gambia, France, Spain, Nigeria, Guinea, Mauritania, Cape Verde, Germany SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 24.4% Emigration of physicians: 251 or 70.9% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 262 or 24.7% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 19.2 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 1.2% Females as percentage of immigrants: 50.0% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 40.7% Top source countries: Senegal, Guinea, The Gambia, Portugal, Mauritania, Cape Verde, France Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 23 28 28 28 29 30 28 27 of which Workers' remittances 21 27 -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 2 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 6 5 5 4 4 17 17 -- of which Workers' remittances 6 5 -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 0 0 -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net ODA received US$0.1 bn, total international reserves US$0.1 bn, exports of goods and services US$0.1 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 131 Guyana Latin America and the Caribbean LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 0.8 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.1 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 3.9 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 28.4 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 215.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 1.1 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 7.3 Age dependency ratio (2009) 55.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 432.9 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 56.8% Top destination countries: the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Suriname, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Antigua and Barbuda, Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, the Netherlands, Brazil SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 89.0% Emigration of physicians: 7 or 1.8% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 11.6 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 1.5% Females as percentage of immigrants: 46.5% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Suriname, Brazil, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, the United States, China, Trinidad and Tobago, the United Kingdom, St. Lucia, Barbados, Canada Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 99 153 201 218 283 278 253 280 of which Workers' remittances 99 153 201 218 278 274 -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- 4 5 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 50 81 55 48 62 -- 77 -- of which Workers' remittances 45 75 49 42 54 69 -- -- Compensation of employees 6 6 6 6 8 8 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.2 bn, net ODA received US$0.2 bn, total international reserves US$0.4 bn, exports of goods and services US$0.8 bn in 2008. 132 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Haiti Latin America and the Caribbean LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 10.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.7 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 354.9 Labor force (millions, 2008) 3.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 48.2 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 27.8 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 7.0 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2008) 660 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2004­08) 1.1 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 58.0 Age dependency ratio (2009) 68.6 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,009.4 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 9.9% Top destination countries: the United States, the Dominican Republic, Canada, France, The Bahamas, Netherlands Antilles, Belgium, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Switzerland, the Netherlands SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 83.6% Emigration of physicians: 1,142 or 36.5% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 35.0 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.3% Females as percentage of immigrants: 43.2% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: the Dominican Republic, the United States, Cuba, Jamaica, Colombia, Mexico, Chile, Brazil, Peru, Argentina Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 811 932 986 1,063 1,222 1,370 1,376 1,499 of which Workers' remittances 811 932 986 1,063 1,222 1,370 1,376 -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 31 39 60 76 96 117 135 -- of which Workers' remittances 31 39 60 76 96 117 135 -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net ODA received US$0.9 bn, total international reserves US$0.5 bn, exports of goods and services US$0.8 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 133 Honduras Latin America and the Caribbean LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 7.5 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.0 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 64.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) 2.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 48.3 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 112.1 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 14.2 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 1,820 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.2 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 22.2 Age dependency ratio (2009) 71.4 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 569.7 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 7.5% Top destination countries: the United States, Spain, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Belize, Guatemala, Canada, Mexico, Costa Rica, Cayman Islands SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 24.4% Emigration of physicians: 164 or 3.0% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 24.3 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.3% Females as percentage of immigrants: 48.4% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.1% Top source countries: El Salvador, Nicaragua, the United States, Guatemala, Mexico, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, China, Spain Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 883 1,175 1,821 2,391 2,625 2,869 2,553 2,662 of which Workers' remittances 842 1,138 1,776 2,329 2,561 2,801 2,476 -- Compensation of employees 23 31 29 30 33 29 9 -- Migrants' transfers 18 6 16 32 31 39 35 -- Outward remittance flows 12 17 0 2 2 9 12 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 12 17 0 2 2 9 12 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.9 bn, net ODA received US$0.6 bn, total international reserves US$2.5 bn, exports of goods and services US$6.5 bn in 2008. 134 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Hong Kong SAR, China HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 7.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.6 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 6,696.4 Labor force (millions, 2008) 3.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 3.5 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 100.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 1.1 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 215.6 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2008) 31,420 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2004­08) 6.3 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 32.8 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 719.3 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 10.2% Top destination countries: Canada; the United States; the United Kingdom; Australia; Macao SAR, China; the Netherlands; New Zealand; Singapore; Ireland; France SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 28.8% Emigration of physicians: 3,833 or 30.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 2,741.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 38.8% Females as percentage of immigrants: 57.0% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: China; Macao SAR, China Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 120 240 297 294 317 355 338 369 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 120 240 297 294 317 355 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 317 321 348 377 388 393 402 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 317 321 348 377 388 393 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$63.0 bn, total international reserves US$182.5 bn, exports of goods and services US$457.5 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 135 Hungary HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 10.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) ­0.2 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 112.0 Labor force (millions, 2008) 4.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 7.8 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 67.9 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 93.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 121.2 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 12,980 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 0.6 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 0.0 Age dependency ratio (2009) 45.0 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 462.7 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 4.6% Top destination countries: Germany, the United States, Canada, Austria, the United Kingdom, Australia, Israel, Sweden, the Slovak Republic, Switzerland SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 13.2% Emigration of physicians: 3,694 or 10.9% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 368.1 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 3.7% Females as percentage of immigrants: 51.2% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 2.0% Top source countries: Romania, Germany, Austria, China, Ukraine, the United States, the United Kingdom, Poland, France, the Slovak Republic Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 295 1,717 1,931 2,079 2,280 2,520 2,277 2,514 of which Workers' remittances 39 46 61 54 53 62 52 -- Compensation of employees 249 1,655 1,852 2,019 2,225 2,570 2,225 -- Migrants' transfers 7 16 18 6 2 -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 114 814 915 986 1,307 1,467 1,338 -- of which Workers' remittances 20 83 98 107 116 134 -- -- Compensation of employees 91 728 814 874 1,184 1,428 -- -- Migrants' transfers 3 3 3 5 7 -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$62.8 bn, total international reserves US$33.9 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$126.0 bn in 2008. 136 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Iceland HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 0.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.4 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 3.2 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 3.0 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 92.3 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 103.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 10.8 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 43,220 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 2.5 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 47.7 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 42.7 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 13.0% Top destination countries: the United States, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Germany, the United Kingdom, Spain, Australia, Canada, the Netherlands SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 19.7% Emigration of physicians: 567 or 37.1% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 37.2 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 11.3% Females as percentage of immigrants: 49.4% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.4% Top source countries: Denmark, Poland, Sweden, the United States, Germany, Norway, the Philippines, the United Kingdom, the Russian Federation, Thailand Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 96 112 88 87 41 35 23 26 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 81 80 74 72 25 19 -- -- Migrants' transfers 15 32 14 15 16 16 -- -- Outward remittance flows 26 47 65 80 100 56 34 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 6 12 24 39 54 27 -- -- Migrants' transfers 20 35 41 41 46 29 -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.7 bn, total international reserves US$3.6 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$7.4 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 137 India South Asia LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 1,155.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.5 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 383.4 Labor force (millions, 2008) 447.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 29.5 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 3,287.3 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 1,212.6 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 1,180 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 8.2 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 56.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 11,357.5 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 0.9% Top destination countries: the United Arab Emirates, the United States, Saudi Arabia, Bangladesh, Nepal, the United Kingdom, Canada, Oman, Kuwait, Sri Lanka SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 4.3% Emigration of physicians: 57,383 or 9.9% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 5,436.0 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.4% Females as percentage of immigrants: 48.7% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 2.9% Top source countries: Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, China, Malaysia, the United Arab Emirates, Afghanistan, Bhutan Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 20,999 18,750 22,125 28,334 37,217 49,941 49,256 55,000 of which Workers' remittances 20,884 18,397 21,859 28,025 36,770 49,144 -- -- Compensation of employees 115 353 266 309 447 797 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 1,265 1,653 1,348 1,562 2,059 3,815 4,000 -- of which Workers' remittances 487 453 361 704 1,004 2,479 -- -- Compensation of employees 778 1,200 987 858 1,055 1,336 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$41.2 bn, net ODA received US$2.1 bn, total international reserves US$257.4 bn, exports of goods and services US$262.8 bn in 2008. 138 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Indonesia East Asia and Pacific LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 230.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 126.0 Labor force (millions, 2008) 110.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 8.4 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 52.6 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 1,904.6 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 521.4 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 2,230 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 5.6 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 49.2 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 2,502.3 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 1.1% Top destination countries: Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, the Netherlands, Singapore, the United States, Jordan, Australia, Japan, Germany, the Republic of Korea SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 2.1% Emigration of physicians: 461 or 1.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 122.9 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.1% Females as percentage of immigrants: 44.5% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.3% Top source countries: China, the United Kingdom Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 1,489 1,866 5,420 5,722 6,174 6,794 6,793 7,139 of which Workers' remittances 1,489 1,700 5,296 5,560 6,004 6,618 6,618 -- Compensation of employees -- 166 123 162 171 176 175 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows -- 913 1,179 1,359 1,654 1,971 2,702 -- of which Workers' remittances -- 775 834 1,060 1,171 1,412 1,748 -- Compensation of employees -- 138 344 299 483 560 953 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$9.3 bn, net ODA received US$1.2 bn, total international reserves US$51.6 bn, exports of goods and services US$152.0 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 139 Iran, Islamic Republic of Middle East and North Africa UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 72.9 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.5 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 44.2 Labor force (millions, 2008) 28.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 69.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 1,745.2 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 328.6 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 4,530 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.5 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 1.5 Age dependency ratio (2009) 40.7 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,295.1 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 1.7% Top destination countries: the United States, Qatar, Canada, Kuwait, Germany, Israel, the United Kingdom, Sweden, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 14.5% Emigration of physicians: 6,101 or 8.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 2,128.7 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 2.8% Females as percentage of immigrants: 38.8% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 45.4% Top source countries: Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Armenia, Turkmenistan Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 1,178 1,032 1,032 1,032 1,115 1,115 1,045 1,141 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$1.5 bn, net ODA received US$0.1 bn in 2008. 140 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Iraq Middle East and North Africa LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 31.5 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.6 Population density (people per km2, 2008) -- Labor force (millions, 2008) -- Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 66.5 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 438.3 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 61.8 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 2,210 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.1 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 79.7 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,545.8 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 4.9% Top destination countries: the Islamic Republic of Iran, Jordan, Germany, Israel, Sweden, the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, the Netherlands SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 11.1% Emigration of physicians: 2,871 or 18.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 83.4 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.3% Females as percentage of immigrants: 31.1% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 52.0% Top source countries: Kuwait, the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Syrian Arab Republic, West Bank and Gaza, Jordan, Sudan, the Republic of Yemen, Lebanon, the United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa -- -- 711 389 3 3 -- -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- 454 261 3 -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- 258 128 1 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows -- -- 83 781 17 17 -- -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- 629 16 -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- 83 153 2 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net ODA received US$9.9 bn, total international reserves US$50.2 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 141 Ireland HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 4.5 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.7 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 64.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) 2.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 6.0 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 61.6 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 70.3 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 183.2 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 44,310 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 1.7 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 46.8 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 737.2 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 16.1% Top destination countries: the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, Canada, Spain, Germany, New Zealand, France, the Netherlands, Belgium SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 29.5% Emigration of physicians: 11,542 or 57.8% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 898.6 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 19.6% Females as percentage of immigrants: 49.6% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 1.0% Top source countries: the United Kingdom, Poland, the United States, Lithuania, Nigeria, Latvia, Germany, China, the Philippines, India Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 337 414 513 531 590 646 581 618 of which Workers' remittances 33 25 25 19 16 10 13 -- Compensation of employees 304 389 488 513 573 636 563 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 788 997 1,535 1,947 2,625 2,829 1,988 -- of which Workers' remittances 154 169 378 575 902 1,096 802 -- Compensation of employees 548 734 1,063 1,277 1,619 1,626 1,096 -- Migrants' transfers 86 94 95 95 104 106 89 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$19.9 bn, total international reserves US$1.0 bn in 2008. 142 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Isle of Man HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (thousands, 2009) 80.5 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.6 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 141.3 Labor force (millions, 2008) -- Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 50.7 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.6 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) -- Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 0.0 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 0.0% SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Skilled emigration data are currently not available for this country. IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 43.9 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 54.6% Females as percentage of immigrants: 50.6% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 143 Israel HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 7.4 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.9 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 337.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) 2.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 6.2 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 91.7 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 22.1 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 190.3 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 25,740 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.1 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 60.8 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,019.9 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 14.0% Top destination countries: West Bank and Gaza, the United States, Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom, Jordan, Australia, France, the Netherlands, Belgium SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 7.9% Emigration of physicians: 3,133 or 11.7% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 2,940.5 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 40.4% Females as percentage of immigrants: 55.9% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Morocco, Romania, Poland, Iraq, Uzbekistan, Ethiopia, Kazakhstan, the Islamic Republic of Iran Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 423 714 850 944 1,042 1,422 1,267 1,379 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 171 298 377 463 546 513 507 -- Migrants' transfers 252 417 473 481 495 909 760 -- Outward remittance flows 2,502 2,218 2,206 2,334 2,798 3,550 3,283 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 2,502 2,218 2,206 2,334 2,798 3,550 3,283 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$9.6 bn, total international reserves US$42.5 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$80.8 bn in 2008. 144 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Italy HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 60.2 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.6 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 203.5 Labor force (millions, 2008) 25.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 6.7 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 68.2 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 301.3 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 2,074.3 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 35,080 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) ­0.4 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 52.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 3,481.6 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 5.8% Top destination countries: Germany, France, the United States, Canada, Switzerland, Australia, Argentina, Belgium, the United Kingdom, Spain SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 10.0% Emigration of physicians: 8,444 or 2.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 4,463.4 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 7.4% Females as percentage of immigrants: 53.1% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.7% Top source countries: Romania, Albania, Morocco, China, Ukraine, the Philippines, Tunisia, Poland, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, India Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 2,140 2,174 2,397 2,624 3,164 3,139 2,683 3,393 of which Workers' remittances 288 284 289 312 346 281 285 -- Compensation of employees 1,726 1,808 2,029 2,244 2,717 2,806 2,326 -- Migrants' transfers 126 82 79 68 101 52 71 -- Outward remittance flows 4,368 5,512 7,622 8,440 11,284 12,716 12,986 -- of which Workers' remittances 1,328 3,370 4,827 5,703 8,322 9,362 9,430 -- Compensation of employees 2,984 2,069 2,719 2,649 2,860 3,307 3,515 -- Migrants' transfers 57 73 77 89 102 47 41 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$15.4 bn, total international reserves US$105.6 bn, exports of goods and services US$664.2 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 145 Jamaica Latin America and the Caribbean UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 2.7 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.5 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 248.3 Labor force (millions, 2008) 1.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 10.6 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 53.5 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 11.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 14.1 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 4,990 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 1.1 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 0.3 Age dependency ratio (2009) 59.1 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 985.5 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 36.1% Top destination countries: the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Cayman Islands, The Bahamas, Antigua and Barbuda, Germany, Netherlands Antilles, Australia, Barbados SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 85.1% Emigration of physicians: 2,026 or 41.6% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 30.0 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 1.1% Females as percentage of immigrants: 49.4% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, India Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 1,398 1,623 1,784 1,946 2,144 2,180 1,924 2,020 of which Workers' remittances 1,270 1,466 1,621 1,769 1,964 2,021 1,794 -- Compensation of employees 110 135 140 154 158 135 99 -- Migrants' transfers 19 22 22 23 21 24 19 -- Outward remittance flows 341 424 410 412 454 419 314 -- of which Workers' remittances 283 340 317 300 303 313 239 -- Compensation of employees 39 51 52 58 93 51 32 -- Migrants' transfers 19 34 41 54 58 54 43 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$1.4 bn, net ODA received US$0.1 bn, total international reserves US$1.8 bn in 2008. 146 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Japan HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 127.6 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.1 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 350.4 Labor force (millions, 2008) 65.8 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 4.0 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 66.6 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 377.9 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 5,198.9 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 37,870 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 0.0 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 54.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 771.4 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 0.6% Top destination countries: the United States, Brazil, Germany, Australia, the United Kingdom, Thailand, Canada, France, Malaysia, the Republic of Korea SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 1.2% Emigration of physicians: 2,377 or 0.9% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 2,176.2 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 1.7% Females as percentage of immigrants: 55.0% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.1% Top source countries: China, the Republic of Korea, Brazil, the Philippines, Peru, the United States, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, India Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 1,078 931 1,080 1,380 1,577 1,929 1,776 1,911 of which Workers' remittances 657 600 733 1,026 1,261 1,556 1,423 -- Compensation of employees 155 173 172 151 123 177 171 -- Migrants' transfers 267 157 175 203 193 196 182 -- Outward remittance flows 1,773 1,411 1,281 3,476 4,037 4,743 4,069 -- of which Workers' remittances 1,231 926 851 3,152 3,456 4,347 3,723 -- Compensation of employees 274 286 299 180 184 201 209 -- Migrants' transfers 269 198 131 144 398 195 136 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$24.6 bn, total international reserves US$1,030.8 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 147 Jordan Middle East and North Africa LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 6.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.4 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 66.9 Labor force (millions, 2008) 1.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 12.7 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 78.5 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 88.8 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 23.4 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 3,740 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 7.2 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 0.4 Age dependency ratio (2009) 61.6 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 733.6 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 11.3% Top destination countries: West Bank and Gaza, Saudi Arabia, the United States, Germany, Oman, Canada, the Arab Republic of Egypt, Australia, the United Kingdom, Italy SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 7.2% Emigration of physicians: 878 or 8.2% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 2,973.0 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 45.9% Females as percentage of immigrants: 49.2% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 85.0% Top source countries: West Bank and Gaza, the Arab Republic of Egypt, Iraq, the Syrian Arab Republic, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, China, Bangladesh, Saudi Arabia, the Philippines Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 2,201 2,330 2,500 2,883 3,434 3,794 3,597 3,789 of which Workers' remittances 1,981 2,059 2,179 2,514 2,994 3,159 3,119 -- Compensation of employees 220 272 321 369 440 635 478 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 227 272 349 402 479 472 502 -- of which Workers' remittances 200 240 308 354 423 416 443 -- Compensation of employees 27 32 41 47 57 56 59 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$2.0 bn, net ODA received US$0.7 bn, total international reserves US$8.9 bn, exports of goods and services US$12.4 bn in 2008. 148 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Kazakhstan Europe and Central Asia UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 15.9 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.6 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 5.8 Labor force (millions, 2008) 8.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 58.2 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 2,724.9 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 97.3 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 6,740 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 6.8 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 1.2 Age dependency ratio (2009) 44.6 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 3,717.3 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 23.6% Top destination countries: the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Israel, Germany, Turkmenistan, the United States, Latvia, Canada, the Kyrgyz Republic SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 1.2% Emigration of physicians: 124 or 0.2% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 3,079.5 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 19.5% Females as percentage of immigrants: 54.0% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.1% Top source countries: the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Germany, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Poland, Tajikistan, Moldova Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 148 166 178 186 223 192 124 131 of which Workers' remittances 38 53 56 73 132 120 56 -- Compensation of employees 4 4 6 11 11 5 5 -- Migrants' transfers 105 108 116 103 80 66 63 -- Outward remittance flows 802 1,354 2,000 3,033 4,303 3,559 3,138 -- of which Workers' remittances 421 806 1,158 2,000 2,998 2,004 1,704 -- Compensation of employees 230 414 735 959 1,214 1,457 1,310 -- Migrants' transfers 151 134 107 75 91 98 123 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$14.6 bn, net ODA received US$0.3 bn, total international reserves US$19.9 bn, exports of goods and services US$76.3 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 149 Kenya Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 39.8 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.6 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 67.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) 17.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 21.9 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 580.4 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 30.2 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 770 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.6 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 19.7 Age dependency ratio (2009) 83.3 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 457.1 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 1.1% Top destination countries: the United Kingdom, Tanzania, the United States, Uganda, Canada, Australia, Germany, India, the Netherlands, Switzerland SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 38.4% Emigration of physicians: (a) 284 or 6.7% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 3,975 or 50.8% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 2,372 or 8.3% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 817.7 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 2.0% Females as percentage of immigrants: 50.8% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 32.9% Top source countries: Uganda, Tanzania, Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e a Inward remittance flows 538 620 805 1,128 1,588 1,692 1,686 1,758 of which Workers' remittances 66 376 425 570 645 667 631 -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 7 34 56 25 16 65 61 -- of which Workers' remittances 7 34 56 25 16 64 -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.1 bn, net ODA received US$1.4 bn, total international reserves US$2.9 bn, exports of goods and services US$8.3 bn in 2008. 150 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Kiribati East Asia and Pacific LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (thousands, 2009) 98.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.7 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 119.2 Labor force (millions, 2008) -- Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 43.9 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.8 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 0.2 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 1,890 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 1.6 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) -- Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 6.4 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 6.5% Top destination countries: the Solomon Islands, the United States, Germany, New Zealand, Australia, Fiji, the United Kingdom, Canada, Samoa, Japan SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 23.1% IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 2.0 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 2.0% Females as percentage of immigrants: 48.8% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: French Polynesia, Samoa, Tonga, American Samoa Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flows 7 7 7 7 7 9 8 9 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 151 Korea, Democratic People's Republic of East Asia and Pacific LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 23.9 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.5 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 198.1 Labor force (millions, 2008) 12.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 63.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 120.5 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 45.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 300.8 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 1.3% Top destination countries: the United States, Brazil, Germany, Paraguay, Ecuador, Greece, Denmark, Ireland, Australia, Cambodia SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Skilled emigration data are currently not available for this country. IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 37.1 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.2% Females as percentage of immigrants: 53.1% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. 152 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Korea, Republic of HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 48.7 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.4 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 492.3 Labor force (millions, 2008) 24.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 3.2 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 81.7 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 99.3 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 836.9 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 19,830 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3.3 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 37.9 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 2,078.7 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 4.3% Top destination countries: the United States, Japan, Canada, Australia, Germany, New Zealand, France, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Sweden SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 5.6% Emigration of physicians: 4,850 or 5.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 534.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 1.1% Females as percentage of immigrants: 52.7% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: China, Vietnam, the United States, the Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, Mongolia, Japan, Canada, Sri Lanka Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 827 800 848 994 866 2,774 2,522 2,738 of which Workers' remittances 42 30 64 138 174 372 373 -- Compensation of employees 732 713 745 685 692 745 448 -- Migrants' transfers 53 56 38 171 -- 1,658 1,701 -- Outward remittance flows 1,853 2,497 3,336 4,314 1,441 3,109 3,120 -- of which Workers' remittances 359 559 839 982 1,255 1,419 1,426 -- Compensation of employees 97 126 119 141 186 556 646 -- Migrants' transfers 1,396 1,812 2,378 3,190 -- 1,134 1,047 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$2.2 bn, total international reserves US$201.5 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$491.1 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 153 Kosovo Europe and Central Asia LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 1.8 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.2 Population density (people per km2, 2008) -- Labor force (millions, 2008) -- Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) -- Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) -- GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 5.6 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 3,240 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.2 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) -- Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 25.3 thousands Top destination country: the United States SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Skilled emigration data are currently not available for this country. IMMIGRATION, 2010 Immigration data are currently not available for this country. Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. 154 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Kuwait HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 2.8 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.8 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 153.1 Labor force (millions, 2008) 1.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 98.4 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 17.8 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 34.4 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 259.4 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 8.5% Top destination countries: Saudi Arabia, Iraq, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, India, Jordan, Australia, the Arab Republic of Egypt, Denmark SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 7.1% Emigration of physicians: 122 or 3.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 2,097.5 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 68.8% Females as percentage of immigrants: 30.0% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 1.8% Top source countries: India, the Arab Republic of Egypt, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, the Syrian Arab Republic, Pakistan, the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Philippines, Indonesia Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 2,144 2,404 2,648 3,183 9,764 10,323 9,912 -- of which Workers' remittances 2,144 2,404 2,648 3,183 9,764 10,323 9,912 -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.1 bn, total international reserves US$19.3 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$98.3 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 155 Kyrgyz Republic Europe and Central Asia LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 5.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.9 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 27.5 Labor force (millions, 2008) 2.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 36.4 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 199.9 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 4.4 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 870 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.4 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 21.8 Age dependency ratio (2009) 52.8 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 620.7 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 11.2% Top destination countries: the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Israel, Germany, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, the United States, Latvia, Turkey, Canada SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 0.7% Emigration of physicians: 11 or 0.1% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 222.7 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 4.0% Females as percentage of immigrants: 58.2% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.3% Top source countries: Uzbekistan, the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Germany Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 78 189 322 481 715 1,232 882 1,037 of which Workers' remittances 70 179 313 473 705 1,224 -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers 8 10 9 8 9 8 -- -- Outward remittance flows 55 82 122 145 220 196 188 -- of which Workers' remittances 5 15 33 44 70 77 82 -- Compensation of employees 13 14 17 19 21 22 27 -- Migrants' transfers 37 53 72 82 129 98 79 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.2 bn, net ODA received US$0.4 bn, total international reserves US$1.2 bn, exports of goods and services US$2.9 bn in 2008. 156 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Lao People's Democratic Republic East Asia and Pacific LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 6.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.8 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 26.9 Labor force (millions, 2008) 3.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 32.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 236.8 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 5.8 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 880 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 7.4 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 35.7 Age dependency ratio (2009) 70.0 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 366.6 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 5.7% Top destination countries: the United States, Thailand, France, Canada, Australia, Japan, Germany, Belgium, Cambodia, New Zealand SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 37.4% Emigration of physicians: 22 or 0.7% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 18.9 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.3% Females as percentage of immigrants: 48.0% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Vietnam, China, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.2 bn, net ODA received US$0.5 bn, total international reserves US$0.9 bn, exports of goods and services US$1.8 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 157 Latvia HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 2.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) ­0.6 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 36.4 Labor force (millions, 2008) 1.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 7.5 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 68.2 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 64.6 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 28.1 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 12,390 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 2.0 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 0.0 Age dependency ratio (2009) 45.1 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 272.6 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 12.2% Top destination countries: the Russian Federation, the United States, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Germany, Israel, Canada, Australia, Lithuania, Sweden SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 8.8% Emigration of physicians: 235 or 3.0% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 335.0 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 15.0% Females as percentage of immigrants: 59.3% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Estonia, Tajikistan Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 173 229 381 482 552 601 599 643 of which Workers' remittances 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 -- Compensation of employees 172 228 379 481 551 600 589 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 8 13 20 30 45 58 46 -- of which Workers' remittances 3 4 4 4 5 4 3 -- Compensation of employees 5 10 16 25 40 54 43 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$1.4 bn, total international reserves US$5.2 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$14.1 bn in 2008. 158 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Lebanon Middle East and North Africa UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 4.2 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 404.6 Labor force (millions, 2008) 1.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 87.1 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 10.4 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 35.2 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 7,970 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 5.3 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 48.4 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 664.1 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 15.6% Top destination countries: the United States, Australia, Canada, Germany, Saudi Arabia, France, Sweden, Brazil, West Bank and Gaza, the United Kingdom SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 38.6% Emigration of physicians: 3,042 or 19.0% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 758.2 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 17.8% Females as percentage of immigrants: 49.2% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 61.0% Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 4,743 5,591 4,924 5,202 5,769 7,181 7,558 8,177 of which Workers' remittances 3,964 5,183 4,257 4,623 5,022 5,775 6,385 -- Compensation of employees 779 409 667 579 747 1,405 1,173 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 4,081 4,233 4,012 3,445 2,967 4,366 5,749 -- of which Workers' remittances 3,694 3,573 3,281 2,783 2,370 3,576 4,715 -- Compensation of employees 387 660 731 661 597 790 1,034 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$3.6 bn, net ODA received US$1.1 bn, total international reserves US$28.3 bn, exports of goods and services US$7.9 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 159 Lesotho Sub-Saharan Africa LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 2.1 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.1 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 66.5 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 26.2 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 30.4 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 2.1 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 1,030 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.0 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 38.7 Age dependency ratio (2009) 77.3 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 427.5 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 20.5% Top destination countries: South Africa, Mozambique, Tanzania, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Germany, Ireland, Australia, Switzerland SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 4.3% Emigration of physicians: 57 or 33.3% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 36 or 2.8% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 6.3 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.3% Females as percentage of immigrants: 45.5% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: South Africa, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Botswana, Zambia, Swaziland, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Angola Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 288 355 327 361 451 439 450 525 of which Workers' remittances 11 14 7 4 13 7 -- -- Compensation of employees 276 341 320 357 438 432 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 27 29 17 11 21 13 13 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 27 29 17 11 21 13 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.2 bn, net ODA received US$0.1 bn, exports of goods and services US$0.8 bn in 2008. 160 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Liberia Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 4.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 4.0 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 39.4 Labor force (millions, 2008) 1.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 60.8 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 111.4 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 0.6 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 160 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 6.8 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 86.1 Age dependency ratio (2009) 84.6 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 431.9 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 10.5% Top destination countries: Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire, the United States, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Germany, Italy, Australia, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 45.0% Emigration of physicians: (a) 71 or 49.8% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 126 or 63.3% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 807 or 81.4% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 96.3 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 2.3% Females as percentage of immigrants: 45.1% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 13.8% Top source countries: Guinea, Ghana, Sierra Leone, Côte d'Ivoire, Lebanon, Nigeria, Mali, India, Togo, the United Kingdom Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa -- 58 32 79 62 58 54 57 of which Workers' remittances -- 53 23 60 42 36 -- -- Compensation of employees -- 5 9 18 20 22 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows -- 0 0 0 0 0 -- -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- 0 0 0 0 0 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.1 bn, net ODA received US$1.3 bn, total international reserves US$0.2 bn, exports of goods and services US$0.3 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 161 Libya Middle East and North Africa UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 6.4 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.0 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 3.6 Labor force (millions, 2008) 2.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 77.7 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 1,759.5 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 62.0 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 12,020 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 5.5 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 52.4 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 110.1 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 1.7% Top destination countries: Israel, the United Kingdom, Chad, the United States, Jordan, the Arab Republic of Egypt, Germany, Turkey, Canada, Italy SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 2.4% Emigration of physicians: (a) 800 or 10.6% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 585 or 8.4% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 391 or 2.2% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 682.5 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 10.4% Females as percentage of immigrants: 35.5% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.5% Top source countries: the Arab Republic of Egypt, Tunisia, West Bank and Gaza, the Syrian Arab Republic Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 8 10 15 16 16 16 14 16 of which Workers' remittances 3 5 7 6 -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 5 5 8 10 -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 676 975 914 945 762 964 1,000 -- of which Workers' remittances 644 940 854 880 762 964 -- -- Compensation of employees 32 35 60 65 -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$4.1 bn, net ODA received US$0.1 bn, total international reserves US$96.3 bn, exports of goods and services US$62.8 bn in 2008. 162 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Liechtenstein HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (thousands, 2009) 36.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.0 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 222.0 Labor force (millions, 2008) -- Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 14.3 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.2 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) -- Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 6.2 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 17.1% Top destination countries: Switzerland, Greece, Austria, Germany, Spain, France, the United States, Canada, Italy, the United Kingdom SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 17.0 IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 12.5 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 34.6% Females as percentage of immigrants: 48.3% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 2.2% Top source countries: Switzerland, Austria, Germany, Italy, Turkey, Portugal, Spain, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 163 Lithuania Europe and Central Asia UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 3.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) ­0.6 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 53.6 Labor force (millions, 2008) 1.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 5.8 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 67.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 65.3 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 37.2 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 11,410 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 2.6 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 0.4 Age dependency ratio (2009) 45.1 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 440.4 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 13.5% Top destination countries: the Russian Federation, Poland, the United Kingdom, Ireland, the United States, Spain, Israel, Germany, Latvia, Canada SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 8.6% Emigration of physicians: 318 or 2.2% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 128.9 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 4.0% Females as percentage of immigrants: 56.6% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.5% Top source countries: the Russian Federation, Belarus, Ukraine, Latvia, Kazakhstan, Poland, Uzbekistan, Germany, Azerbaijan, Estonia Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 115 324 534 994 1,433 1,460 1,168 1,210 of which Workers' remittances 33 162 310 746 1,177 1,263 982 -- Compensation of employees 82 163 224 248 256 197 186 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 42 28 47 426 567 615 620 -- of which Workers' remittances 6 2 2 375 481 536 492 -- Compensation of employees 36 26 45 51 85 79 127 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$1.8 bn, total international reserves US$6.4 bn, exports of goods and services US$28.0 bn in 2008. 164 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Luxembourg HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 0.5 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.5 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 188.3 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 5.1 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 82.3 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 2.6 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 36.0 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 74,430 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 2.8 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 46.7 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 57.8 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 11.8% Top destination countries: Germany, Belgium, France, Portugal, the United States, Spain, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Canada SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 8.0% Emigration of physicians: 22 or 2.0% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 173.2 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 35.2% Females as percentage of immigrants: 50.2% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 1.4% Top source countries: Portugal, France, Belgium, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Cape Verde, Spain, Bosnia and Herzegovina Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 1,022 1,130 1,269 1,361 1,554 1,723 1,718 1,724 of which Workers' remittances 1 4 4 4 5 3 -- -- Compensation of employees 994 1,115 1,259 1,345 1,525 1,701 -- -- Migrants' transfers 28 11 5 12 23 19 -- -- Outward remittance flows 5,011 6,000 6,627 7,414 9,068 10,832 10,556 -- of which Workers' remittances 53 65 68 81 92 101 -- -- Compensation of employees 4,930 5,928 6,542 7,302 8,963 10,698 -- -- Migrants' transfers 27 7 17 30 13 32 -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$115.8 bn, total international reserves US$0.4 bn, exports of goods and services US$96.3 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 165 Macao SAR, China HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 0.5 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.1 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 18,658.8 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 2.9 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 100.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 25.2 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 97.9 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 17.9% Top destination countries: Hong Kong SAR, China; the United States; Canada; Portugal; Australia; the United Kingdom; New Zealand; Ireland; France; the Netherlands SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 14.4% IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 299.7 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 54.7% Females as percentage of immigrants: 51.7% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: China; Hong Kong SAR, China; the Philippines; Portugal; Thailand Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 161 355 588 511 399 507 488 571 of which Workers' remittances 48 53 53 55 60 63 -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers 113 302 534 456 339 444 -- -- Outward remittance flows 119 160 229 494 838 961 707 -- of which Workers' remittances 83 106 156 326 655 741 -- -- Compensation of employees 11 26 54 151 168 196 -- -- Migrants' transfers 25 28 20 17 15 23 -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$3.4 bn, total international reserves US$15.9 bn in 2008. 166 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Europe and Central Asia UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 2.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.2 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 80.1 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 33.8 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 67.4 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 25.7 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 9.4 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 4,400 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3.6 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 0.3 Age dependency ratio (2009) 42.4 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 447.1 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 21.9% Top destination countries: Italy, Germany, Australia, Switzerland, Turkey, Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, France, Canada SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 29.1% Emigration of physicians: 91 or 2.0% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 129.7 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 6.3% Females as percentage of immigrants: 58.3% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 1.0% Top source countries: Albania, Turkey, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 174 213 227 267 345 407 401 414 of which Workers' remittances 146 161 169 198 239 266 260 -- Compensation of employees 28 52 57 69 106 140 121 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 16 16 16 18 25 33 26 -- of which Workers' remittances 15 15 14 16 22 28 22 -- Compensation of employees 1 1 2 2 3 5 4 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.6 bn, net ODA received US$0.2 bn, total international reserves US$2.1 bn, exports of goods and services US$5.0 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 167 Madagascar Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 19.6 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.8 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 32.9 Labor force (millions, 2008) 8.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 29.9 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 587.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 8.9 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2008) 410 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2004­08) 5.6 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 67.8 Age dependency ratio (2009) 85.0 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 79.8 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 0.4% Top destination countries: France, the Comoros, Canada, Belgium, the United States, Italy, Mauritius, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Germany SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 7.6% Emigration of physicians: (a) 34 or 2.1% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 920 or 39.2% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 1,171 or 27.5% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 37.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.2% Females as percentage of immigrants: 46.1% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: France, the Comoros, India, Algeria, China, Pakistan, Mauritius, Germany, Italy, the United States Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 16 12 11 11 11 11 10 10 of which Workers' remittances 8 4 1 -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 8 7 10 -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 18 9 21 -- -- -- -- -- of which Workers' remittances 13 3 8 -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 5 6 13 -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$1.5 bn, net ODA received US$0.8 bn, total international reserves US$1.0 bn, exports of goods and services US$2.5 bn in 2008. 168 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Malawi Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 15.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.9 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 151.8 Labor force (millions, 2008) 5.8 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 19.3 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 118.5 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 4.4 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 280 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 7.4 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 73.9 Age dependency ratio (2009) 97.2 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 212.6 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 1.4% Top destination countries: Zimbabwe, Tanzania, the United Kingdom, South Africa, Zambia, Mozambique, the United States, Australia, Canada, Portugal SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 18.7% Emigration of physicians: (a) 36 or 11.2% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 293 or 59.4% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 377 or 16.8% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 275.9 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 1.8% Females as percentage of immigrants: 51.6% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 1.2% Top source countries: Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, India, South Africa Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net ODA received US$0.9 bn, total international reserves US$0.3 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$1.0 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 169 Malaysia East Asia and Pacific UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 27.5 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.9 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 82.2 Labor force (millions, 2008) 11.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 71.3 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 329.7 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 185.5 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 7,230 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.1 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 0.5 Age dependency ratio (2009) 52.0 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,481.2 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 5.3% Top destination countries: Singapore, Australia, Brunei Darussalam, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, New Zealand, India, Japan, Germany SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 11.1% Emigration of physicians: 1,727 or 9.6% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 2,357.6 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 8.4% Females as percentage of immigrants: 45.2% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 1.5% Top source countries: Indonesia, the Philippines, China, Bangladesh, India, Singapore, Thailand, Japan, Myanmar, Pakistan Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 571 802 1,117 1,365 1,570 1,329 1,110 1,576 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 571 802 1,117 1,365 1,563 1,329 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- 7 -- -- Outward remittance flows 3,464 5,064 5,679 5,597 6,412 6,786 6,800 -- of which Workers' remittances 2,643 4,001 4,435 4,147 4,644 5,238 -- -- Compensation of employees 821 1,064 1,244 1,449 1,738 1,547 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- 29 -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$7.4 bn, net ODA received US$0.2 bn, total international reserves US$92.2 bn in 2008. 170 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Maldives South Asia LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 0.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.4 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 1,034.9 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 39.2 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.3 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 1.3 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 3,870 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.7 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 47.8 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 2.0 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 0.6% Top destination countries: Nepal, Australia, the United Kingdom, India, New Zealand, Germany, the United States, Switzerland, Japan, Italy SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 1.2% IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 3.3 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 1.0% Females as percentage of immigrants: 44.7% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e a Inward remittance flows 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 2 3 2 3 3 3 4 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 55 62 70 84 106 129 116 -- of which Workers' remittances 55 61 70 83 105 128 -- -- Compensation of employees 0 0 0 0 0 0 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net ODA received US$0.1 bn, total international reserves US$0.2 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$1.1 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 171 Mali Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 13.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 10.4 Labor force (millions, 2008) 3.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 32.7 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 1,240.2 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 9.0 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 680 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 5.0 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 51.4 Age dependency ratio (2009) 86.8 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,012.7 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 7.6% Top destination countries: Côte d'Ivoire, Nigeria, Niger, France, Burkina Faso, Gabon, Spain, Senegal, Guinea, The Gambia SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 15.0% Emigration of physicians: (a) 6 or 1.2% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 157 or 22.9% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 265 or 15.0% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 162.7 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 1.2% Females as percentage of immigrants: 47.6% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 6.1% Top source countries: Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Senegal, Mauritania, Niger, Gabon, the Republic of Congo, Ghana, France Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 154 155 177 212 344 431 405 -- of which Workers' remittances 139 138 153 193 323 406 -- -- Compensation of employees 15 17 24 19 21 25 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 58 64 69 57 83 105 105 -- of which Workers' remittances 48 5 2 51 47 69 -- -- -- Compensation of employees 10 12 19 10 13 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.1 bn, net ODA received US$1.0 bn, total international reserves US$1.1 bn in 2008. 172 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Malta HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 0.4 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.7 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 1,285.8 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 6.0 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 94.5 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.3 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 42.8 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 107.5 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 26.2% Top destination countries: Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Italy, France, Germany, New Zealand, Ireland, Greece SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 57.6% Emigration of physicians: 412 or 28.5% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 15.5 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 3.8% Females as percentage of immigrants: 51.6% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 17.5% Top source countries: the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Italy, the United States, Libya, Germany, France Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 27 31 34 36 48 48 45 50 of which Workers' remittances 1 0 0 0 0 0 -- -- Compensation of employees 25 31 33 35 43 49 -- -- Migrants' transfers 1 0 0 0 0 0 -- -- Outward remittance flows 13 21 33 46 54 65 53 -- of which Workers' remittances 1 2 7 4 4 5 -- -- Compensation of employees 10 16 22 39 46 56 -- -- Migrants' transfers 1 3 4 3 4 4 -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.9 bn, total international reserves US$0.4 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 173 Marshall Islands East Asia and Pacific LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (thousands, 2009) 61.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.8 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 331.5 Labor force (millions, 2008) -- Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 71.4 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.2 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 0.2 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 3,060 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 0.9 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) -- Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 10.5 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 16.6% Top destination countries: the United States, the Philippines, Guam, Fiji, Northern Mariana Islands, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Switzerland SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 39.4% IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 1.7 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 2.7% Females as percentage of immigrants: 41.0% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Australia, Japan, China, the Philippines, the United States, New Zealand Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. 174 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Mauritania Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 3.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.6 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 3.1 Labor force (millions, 2008) 1.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 41.2 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 1,030.7 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 3.0 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 960 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.3 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 13.4 Age dependency ratio (2009) 72.9 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 118.0 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 3.5% Top destination countries: Senegal, Nigeria, Côte d'Ivoire, France, Spain, Mali, The Gambia, the United States, the Republic of Congo, Germany SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 11.8% Emigration of physicians: 43 or 11.4% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 117 or 6.9% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 99.2 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 2.9% Females as percentage of immigrants: 42.2% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 30.6% Top source countries: Senegal, Mali, Guinea, Algeria, France, Guinea- Bissau, Benin, Cameroon, Morocco, Saudi Arabia Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.1 bn, net ODA received US$0.3 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 175 Mauritius Sub-Saharan Africa UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 1.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.8 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 625.0 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 7.3 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 42.5 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 2.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 8.9 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 7,240 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3.6 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 42.7 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 140.7 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 10.9% Top destination countries: the United Kingdom, France, Australia, Italy, Canada, Belgium, Switzerland, the United States, Germany, Tanzania SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 56.2% Emigration of physicians: (a) 6 or 0.6% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 822 or 46.1% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 4,531 or 63.3% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 42.9 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 3.3% Females as percentage of immigrants: 63.3% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: China, India, France, the United Kingdom, South Africa, Germany, Madagascar, Italy, Australia, the United States Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 215 215 215 215 215 215 211 220 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 1 1 1 1 1 1 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 10 11 11 13 12 14 12 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 9 9 9 10 10 13 -- -- Migrants' transfers 1 2 2 3 2 1 -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.4 bn, net ODA received US$0.1 bn, total international reserves US$1.8 bn, exports of goods and services US$4.9 bn in 2008. 176 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Mayotte Sub-Saharan Africa UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 0.2 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.9 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 511.2 Labor force (millions, 2008) -- Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) -- Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.4 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 72.4 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1.0 thousand Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 0.5% Top destination countries: the Comoros, the Netherlands, Chile SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Skilled emigration data are currently not available for this country. IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 71.7 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 36.0% Females as percentage of immigrants: 49.9% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 177 Mexico Latin America and the Caribbean UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 107.4 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.1 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 54.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) 44.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 4.0 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 77.5 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 1,964.4 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 860.8 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 8,920 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 1.3 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 1.7 Age dependency ratio (2009) 53.6 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 11,859.2 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 10.7% Top destination countries: the United States, Canada, Spain, Bolivia, Germany, Guatemala, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Panama SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 15.3% Emigration of physicians: 12,081 or 8.5% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 725.7 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.7% Females as percentage of immigrants: 49.4% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.3% Top source countries: the United States, Guatemala, Spain, Cuba, Argentina, Colombia, Canada, France, Germany, El Salvador Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 16,556 19,861 23,062 26,877 27,136 26,304 22,153 22,572 of which Workers' remittances 15,041 18,331 21,689 25,567 26,069 25,137 21,181 -- Compensation of employees 1,515 1,530 1,054 1,000 1,000 813 884 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$22.5 bn, net ODA received US$0.1 bn, total international reserves US$95.3 bn, exports of goods and services US$307.7 bn in 2008. 178 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Micronesia, Federated States of East Asia and Pacific LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 0.1 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 159.0 Labor force (millions, 2008) -- Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 22.6 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.7 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 0.3 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 2,220 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) ­3.0 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 68.4 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 21.9 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 19.7% Top destination countries: the United States, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, the Philippines, Fiji, Palau, Spain, New Zealand, Japan, Canada SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 37.8% IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 2.7 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 2.4% Females as percentage of immigrants: 46.4% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.1% Top source country: the United States Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 179 Moldova Europe and Central Asia LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 3.6 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) ­1.4 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 110.5 Labor force (millions, 2008) 1.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 4.0 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 41.5 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 33.8 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 5.8 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 1,590 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3.3 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 8.1 Age dependency ratio (2009) 38.8 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 770.3 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 21.5% Top destination countries: the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Italy, Romania, the United States, Israel, Spain, Germany, Kazakhstan, Greece SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 3.4% Emigration of physicians: 127 or 0.9% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 408.3 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 11.4% Females as percentage of immigrants: 56.0% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Ukraine, the Russian Federation, Bulgaria, Belarus Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 487 705 920 1,182 1,498 1,897 1,211 1,316 of which Workers' remittances 152 221 395 603 842 1,046 635 -- Compensation of employees 332 480 520 573 649 842 563 -- Migrants' transfers 3 4 5 6 7 9 12 -- Outward remittance flows 67 67 68 86 87 115 103 -- of which Workers' remittances 1 1 3 6 16 13 -- -- Compensation of employees 43 41 43 50 56 79 -- -- Migrants' transfers 24 25 22 29 15 23 -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.7 bn, net ODA received US$0.3 bn, total international reserves US$1.7 bn, exports of goods and services US$2.5 bn in 2008. 180 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Monaco HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (thousands, 2009) 32.8 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 16,820.5 Labor force (millions, 2008) -- Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 100.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) -- Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 18.5 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 56.4% Top destination countries: France, the United States, Spain, the United Kingdom, the Philippines, Switzerland, Canada, Belgium, Australia, the Netherlands SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 15.9% IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 23.6 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 71.6% Females as percentage of immigrants: 50.6% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: France, Italy, the United Kingdom, Belgium, the United States Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 181 Mongolia East Asia and Pacific LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 2.7 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.2 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 1.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) 1.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 2.8 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 57.3 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 1,566.5 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 4.0 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 1,630 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 6.7 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 22.4 Age dependency ratio (2009) 42.9 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 32.1 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 1.2% Top destination countries: the Republic of Korea, Germany, Japan, the United States, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Australia SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 1.1% Emigration of physicians: 16 or 0.3% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 10.0 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.4% Females as percentage of immigrants: 54.0% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: the Russian Federation, China, Kazakhstan, the Republic of Korea Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 129 203 180 181 194 200 194 211 of which Workers' remittances 129 195 178 180 -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- 7 3 2 -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 54 49 40 77 -- -- -- -- of which Workers' remittances 54 49 40 77 -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.7 bn, net ODA received US$0.2 bn, exports of goods and services US$3.0 bn in 2008. 182 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Montenegro Europe and Central Asia UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 0.6 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) ­0.5 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 45.1 Labor force (millions, 2008) -- Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 59.8 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 14.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 4.1 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 6,550 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.7 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 47.4 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 0.0 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 0.0% Top destination countries: Denmark, Japan, Hungary SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration of nurses: 5,176 or 14.9% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 42.5 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 6.8% Femalesas percentage of immigrants: 61.5% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 18.2% Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 183 Morocco Middle East and North Africa LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 32.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.2 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 70.0 Labor force (millions, 2008) 11.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 9.6 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 56.4 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 446.6 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 89.9 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 2,790 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.8 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 3.0 Age dependency ratio (2009) 50.9 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 3,016.6 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 9.3% Top destination countries: France, Spain, Italy, Israel, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, the United States, Canada, Saudi Arabia SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 17.0% Emigration of physicians: (a) 654 or 4.7% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 6,506 or 31.3% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 49.1 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.2% Females as percentage of immigrants: 49.7% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 1.3% Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 3,614 4,221 4,590 5,451 6,730 6,895 6,271 6,447 of which Workers' remittances 3,614 4,221 4,589 5,451 6,730 6,894 6,271 -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- 0 -- -- 1 -- -- Outward remittance flows 44 42 40 41 52 58 61 -- of which Workers' remittances 34 34 35 38 49 54 60 -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers 10 8 5 3 3 3 1 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$2.5 bn, net ODA received US$1.2 bn, total international reserves US$22.7 bn, exports of goods and services US$32.6 bn in 2008. 184 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Mozambique Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 22.9 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.5 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 27.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) 9.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 37.6 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 799.4 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 9.7 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 440 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 7.5 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 68.2 Age dependency ratio (2009) 89.6 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,178.5 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 5.0% Top destination countries: South Africa, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Portugal, Swaziland, the United Kingdom, Germany, the United States, Spain SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 45.1% Emigration of physicians: (a) 31 or 6.6% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 1,334 or 75.4% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 853 or 18.9% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 450.0 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 1.9% Females as percentage of immigrants: 52.1% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.6% Top source countries: South Africa, Portugal, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Cape Verde, Tanzania, India, Malawi, Pakistan, Zambia Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 69 58 57 80 99 116 111 117 of which Workers' remittances 30 3 6 16 31 34 -- -- Compensation of employees 40 55 51 64 68 82 -- -- Migrants' transferss 0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 30 20 21 26 45 57 63 -- of which Workers' remittances 20 11 11 12 26 38 -- -- Compensation of employees 9 9 10 14 19 19 -- -- Migrants' transfer 0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.6 bn, net ODA received US$2.0 bn, total international reserves US$1.7 bn, exports of goods and services US$3.3 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 185 Myanmar East Asia and Pacific LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 50.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.8 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 74.8 Labor force (millions, 2008) 27.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 33.2 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 676.6 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 47.6 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 514.2 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 1.0% Top destination countries: Thailand, the United States, India, Malaysia, Australia, the United Kingdom, Japan, Canada, the Republic of Korea, Germany SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 4.0% Emigration of physicians: 1,662 or 10.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 88.7 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.2% Females as percentage of immigrants: 48.7% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: China, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2020e Inward remittance flowsa 85 118 131 116 125 150 137 154 of which Workers' remittances 59 81 87 66 -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 26 36 44 51 -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 23 25 19 32 -- -- -- -- of which Workers' remittances 23 25 19 32 -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.3 bn, net ODA received US$0.5 bn in 2008. 186 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Namibia Sub-Saharan Africa UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 2.2 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.0 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 2.6 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 37.4 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 824.3 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 9.3 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 4,290 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3.8 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 43.8 Age dependency ratio (2009) 68.0 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 16.5 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 0.7% Top destination countries: Mozambique, Tanzania, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, Germany, Canada, New Zealand, Zambia, the Netherlands SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 3.5% Emigration of physicians: 382 or 45.0% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 152 or 5.4% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 138.9 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 6.3% Females as percentage of immigrants: 47.6% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 4.3% Top source countries: Angola, South Africa, Zambia, Botswana Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 12 15 18 17 16 14 14 14 of which Workers' remittances 5 6 7 7 6 5 -- -- Compensation of employees 7 9 11 10 9 8 -- -- Migrants' transfers 0 1 1 0 0 0 -- -- Outward remittance flows 15 18 19 20 16 43 16 -- of which Workers' remittances 4 4 4 4 4 3 -- -- Compensation of employees 11 13 14 16 12 39 -- -- Migrants' transfers 0 0 1 1 0 0 -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.5 bn, net ODA received US$0.2 bn, total international reserves US$1.3 bn, exports of goods and services US$3.7 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 187 Nepal South Asia LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 29.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.1 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 199.9 Labor force (millions, 2008) 11.8 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 17.7 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 147.2 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 12.8 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 440 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.0 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 54.7 Age dependency ratio (2009) 68.3 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 982.2 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 3.3% Top destination countries: India, Qatar, the United States, Thailand, the United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Japan, Brunei Darussalam, Australia, Canada SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 5.3% Emigration of physicians: 40 or 3.3% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 945.9 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 3.2% Females as percentage of immigrants: 68.2% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 13.8% Top source countries: India, Bhutan, Pakistan, China, Australia, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Maldives, New Zealand Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 771 823 1,212 1,453 1,734 2,727 2,986 3,513 of which Workers' remittances 744 793 1,126 1,373 1,647 2,581 2,858 -- Compensation of employees 27 30 85 80 87 146 127 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 -- Outward remittance flows 26 64 66 79 4 5 12 -- of which Workers' remittances 25 63 60 69 -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 1 1 5 10 4 5 12 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net ODA received US$0.7 bn, exports of goods and services US$1.5 bn in 2008. 188 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Netherlands, The HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 16.5 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.4 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 485.3 Labor force (millions, 2008) 8.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 2.8 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 82.4 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 41.5 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 788.1 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 49,350 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 1.4 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 48.8 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 993.4 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 6.0% Top destination countries: Germany, Canada, Belgium, Australia, the United States, Spain, the United Kingdom, France, Turkey, New Zealand SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 9.6% Emigration of physicians: 3,718 or 6.8% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 1,752.9 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 10.5% Females as percentage of immigrants: 51.9% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 5.3% Top source countries: Turkey, Suriname, Morocco, Indonesia, Germany, Netherlands Antilles, Belgium, the United Kingdom, Poland, China Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 2,024 2,164 2,197 2,785 2,860 3,299 3,657 4,079 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- 310 312 265 -- -- Compensation of employees 1,120 1,251 1,203 1,186 1,319 1,387 -- -- Migrants' transfers 904 913 994 1,289 1,229 1,647 -- -- Outward remittance flows 4,239 5,032 5,928 6,610 7,843 8,280 8,142 -- of which Workers' remittances 656 644 849 783 921 1,077 -- -- Compensation of employees 1,812 2,290 2,670 2,972 3,002 3,410 -- -- Migrants' transfers 1,770 2,098 2,409 2,855 3,920 3,794 -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$2.4 bn, total international reserves US$28.6 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$669.4 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 189 Netherlands Antilles HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 0.2 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.9 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 242.3 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 92.9 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.8 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 45.2 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 101.9 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 50.8% Top destination countries: the Netherlands, the United States, the United Kingdom, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Canada, St. Lucia, Belgium, Bolivia, Panama, Portugal SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Skilled emigration data are currently not available for this country. IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 53.0 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 26.4% Females as percentage of immigrants: 56.8% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: the Dominican Republic, the Netherlands, Aruba, Haiti, Colombia, Suriname, Cuba, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Jamaica, Guyana Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 8 5 8 19 32 32 32 32 of which Workers' remittances 1 1 1 0 1 -- -- -- Compensation of employees 6 4 7 17 29 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers 2 1 -- 1 3 -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 59 52 59 61 72 94 106 -- of which Workers' remittances 18 17 17 21 24 -- -- -- Compensation of employees 34 35 42 38 44 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers 6 1 0 2 5 -- -- -- a. For comparison: total international reserves US$1.2 bn in 2008. 190 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 New Caledonia HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 0.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.8 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 13.5 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 65.1 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 18.6 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 49.2 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 2.3 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 0.9% Top destination countries: Australia, New Zealand, the Solomon Islands, French Polynesia, Fiji, Vanuatu, the Dominican Republic, the Netherlands, Chile, Ecuador SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Skilled emigration data are currently not available for this country. IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 59.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 23.6% Females as percentage of immigrants: 46.6% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Papua New Guinea, Fiji, the Solomon Islands, French Polynesia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Vanuatu Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 448 493 512 537 585 624 581 659 of which Workers' remittances 5 8 5 4 3 6 -- -- Compensation of employees 444 485 507 533 582 618 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 21 21 28 50 56 66 66 -- of which Workers' remittances 6 7 10 18 18 18 -- -- Compensation of employees 15 15 17 32 37 48 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$1.6 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 191 New Zealand HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 4.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.2 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 15.9 Labor force (millions, 2008) 2.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 4.1 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 86.7 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 267.7 GNI (US$ billions, 2008) 121.3 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2008) 27,940 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2004­08) 1.9 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 49.6 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 624.9 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 14.5% Top destination countries: Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Thailand, Japan, the Netherlands, Ireland, Samoa, Malaysia SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 20.7% Emigration of physicians: 2,386 or 21.9% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 962.1 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 22.4% Females as percentage of immigrants: 52.4% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.4% Top source countries: the United Kingdom, China, Australia, Samoa, India, South Africa, Fiji, the Republic of Korea, the Netherlands, Tonga Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 1,065 958 739 650 650 626 611 685 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers 1,065 958 739 650 650 626 -- -- Outward remittance flows 561 806 936 865 1,207 1,202 871 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers 561 806 936 865 1,207 1,202 -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$5.5 bn, total international reserves US$11.1 bn in 2008. 192 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Nicaragua Latin America and the Caribbean LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 5.7 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 46.8 Labor force (millions, 2008) 2.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 57.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 130.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 5.8 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 1,000 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 2.7 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 15.8 Age dependency ratio (2009) 65.7 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 728.7 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 12.5% Top destination countries: Costa Rica, the United States, Spain, Canada, El Salvador, Panama, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, República Bolivariana de Venezuela SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 29.6% Emigration of physicians: 304 or 5.2% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 40.1 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.7% Females as percentage of immigrants: 48.3% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.5% Top source countries: Honduras, Costa Rica, the United States, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Cuba, Spain, Panama, the Russian Federation Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 439 519 616 698 740 818 768 803 of which Workers' remittances 439 519 616 698 740 818 768 -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.6 bn, net ODA received US$0.7 bn, total international reserves US$1.1 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 193 Niger Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 15.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 3.6 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 11.6 Labor force (millions, 2008) 4.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 16.6 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 1,267.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 5.3 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 340 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 5.4 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 65.9 Age dependency ratio (2009) 108.0 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 386.9 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 2.4% Top destination countries: Nigeria, Côte d'Ivoire, Benin, Chad, Burkina Faso, Togo, Mali, France, Guinea, the United States SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 6.0% Emigration of physicians: 37 or 8.7% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 66 or 2.4% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 202.2 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 1.3% Females as percentage of immigrants: 53.9% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.2% Top source countries: Mali, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Benin, Togo, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 25 60 66 78 79 79 75 70 of which Workers' remittances 12 43 46 49 43 -- -- -- Compensation of employees 14 17 21 29 37 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 9 25 29 29 18 18 22 -- of which Workers' remittances 7 22 27 27 12 -- -- -- Compensation of employees 2 3 2 2 6 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.1 bn, net ODA received US$0.6 bn, total international reserves US$0.7 bn in 2008. 194 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Nigeria Sub-Saharan Africa LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 154.7 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.4 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 166.1 Labor force (millions, 2008) 46.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 49.1 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 923.8 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 155.3 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 1,140 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 5.4 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 62.4 Age dependency ratio (2009) 84.0 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,000.0 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 0.6% Top destination countries: the United States, the United Kingdom, Chad, Cameroon, Italy, Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Spain, Sudan, Niger SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 10.7% Emigration of physicians: (a) 4,127 or 10.8% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 4,856 or 13.6% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 12,579 or 11.7% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 1,127.7 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.7% Females as percentage of immigrants: 47.4% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.8% Top source countries: Benin, Ghana, Mali, Togo, Niger, Chad, Cameroon, Liberia, Mauritania, the Arab Republic of Egypt Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e a Inward remittance flows 1,063 2,273 3,329 5,435 9,221 9,980 9,585 9,975 of which Workers' remittances 1,063 2,273 14,485 16,740 17,796 17,880 -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- 155 192 218 171 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 12 21 68 102 54 58 66 -- of which Workers' remittances 12 21 14 35 26 22 -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- 54 66 28 33 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$3.6 bn, net ODA received US$1.3 bn, total international reserves US$53.6 bn, exports of goods and services US$86.1 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 195 Northern Mariana Islands HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (thousands, 2009) 86.9 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.6 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 185.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) -- Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 91.2 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.5 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) -- Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 8.9 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 10.1% Top destination countries: the United States, Guam, the Philippines, Palau, Fiji, Greece, Australia, the Czech Republic, New Zealand, Turkey SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Skilled emigration data are currently not available for this country. IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 54.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 62.0% Females as percentage of immigrants: 47.4% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: the Philippines, China, the United States, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of Korea, Guam, Palau, Bangladesh, Japan, Nepal Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. 196 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Norway HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 4.8 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.8 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 15.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) 2.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 2.6 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 77.5 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 323.8 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 384.4 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 86,440 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 1.6 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 51.0 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 184.0 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 3.8% Top destination countries: Sweden, the United States, Spain, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, Australia, Turkey, France SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 6.5% Emigration of physicians: 460 or 2.9% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 485.4 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 10.0% Females as percentage of immigrants: 47.4% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 7.4% Top source countries: Sweden, Denmark, the United States, Iraq, Pakistan, the United Kingdom, Germany, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Vietnam, the Islamic Republic of Iran Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 392 465 505 524 613 685 631 657 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 392 465 505 524 613 685 631 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 1,430 1,749 2,174 2,620 3,642 4,776 4,147 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 1,430 1,749 2,174 2,620 3,642 4,776 4,147 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$1.5 bn, total international reserves US$50.9 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$217.3 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 197 Oman HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 2.8 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.9 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 9.0 Labor force (millions, 2008) 1.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 71.7 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 309.5 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 52.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 15.3 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 0.5% Top destination countries: Jordan, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, Canada, Bahrain, the Arab Republic of Egypt, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Germany SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 0.6% Emigration of physicians: 12 or 0.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 826.1 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 28.4% Females as percentage of immigrants: 20.8% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, the Arab Republic of Egypt, Sri Lanka, the Philippines, Sudan, Jordan, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 39 39 39 39 39 39 38 40 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 39 39 39 39 39 39 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 1,672 1,826 2,257 2,788 3,670 5,181 5,313 -- of which Workers' remittances 1,672 1,826 2,257 2,788 3,670 5,181 5,313 -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$2.9 bn, total international reserves US$11.6 bn in 2008. 198 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Pakistan South Asia LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 169.7 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 215.4 Labor force (millions, 2008) 54.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 36.6 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 796.1 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 171.7 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 1,020 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 5.1 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 22.6 Age dependency ratio (2009) 69.4 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 4,677.0 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 2.5% Top destination countries: India, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, the United States, Qatar, Canada, Kuwait, Oman, Italy SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 12.6% Emigration of physicians: 12,727 or 13.3% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 4,233.6 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 2.3% Females as percentage of immigrants: 44.7% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 49.9% Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 3,964 3,945 4,280 5,121 5,998 7,039 8,720 9,407 of which Workers' remittances 3,963 3,943 4,277 5,113 5,992 7,025 8,701 -- Compensation of employees 1 2 3 8 6 14 16 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 5 10 3 3 2 2 8 -- of which Workers' remittances 5 9 2 1 2 -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- 1 1 2 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$5.4 bn, net ODA received US$1.5 bn, total international reserves US$9.0 bn, exports of goods and services US$21.1 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 199 Palau East Asia and Pacific UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (thousands, 2009) 20.4 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.8 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 44.1 Labor force (millions, 2008) -- Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 81.6 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.5 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 0.2 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 8,940 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 1.5 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) -- Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 8.0 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 38.8% Top destination countries: the United States, the Philippines, Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, Mexico, Fiji, Japan, Australia, Greece, New Zealand SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 26.1% IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 5.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 28.1% Females as percentage of immigrants: 40.2% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: the Philippines, the United States, the Federated States of Micronesia, Japan, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, the Republic of Korea Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. 200 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Panama Latin America and the Caribbean UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 3.5 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.8 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 45.6 Labor force (millions, 2008) 1.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 74.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 75.5 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 23.7 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 6,710 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 8.2 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 9.2 Age dependency ratio (2009) 55.7 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 141.1 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 4.0% Top destination countries: the United States, Costa Rica, Spain, Canada, Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, the Dominican Republic, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Chile SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 16.0% Emigration of physicians: 283 or 5.6% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 121.0 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 3.4% Females as percentage of immigrants: 51.3% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 13.9% Top source countries: Colombia, China, the Dominican Republic, the United States, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Peru, Spain, Mexico, India Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 107 109 130 157 180 196 175 198 of which Workers' remittances 94 105 124 149 173 187 167 -- Compensation of employees 13 4 5 8 7 9 8 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 57 72 88 121 151 198 229 -- of which Workers' remittances 57 72 88 121 151 198 229 -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$2.4 bn, exports of goods and services US$17.3 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 201 Papua New Guinea East Asia and Pacific LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 6.7 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.5 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 14.2 Labor force (millions, 2008) 2.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 12.5 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 462.8 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 7.8 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 1,180 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.9 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 29.7 Age dependency ratio (2009) 73.1 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 61.2 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 0.9% Top destination countries: Australia, New Caledonia, the United States, the Solomon Islands, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Fiji, Canada, the Philippines, Switzerland SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 28.5% Emigration of physicians: 85 or 24.2% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 24.5 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.4% Females as percentage of immigrants: 37.4% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 41.1% Top source countries: Australia, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, the United States, Germany, Indonesia, the Netherlands, China, India, Japan Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 13 16 13 13 13 13 12 14 of which Workers' remittances 4 8 6 -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 3 2 1 -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers 6 6 6 -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 97 123 135 -- -- -- -- -- of which Workers' remittances 41 61 75 -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 50 56 54 -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers 6 6 6 -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net ODA received US$0.3 bn, total international reserves US$2.0 bn, exports of goods and services US$6.0 bn in 2008. 202 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Paraguay Latin America and the Caribbean LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 6.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.9 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 15.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) 3.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 5.7 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 60.9 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 406.8 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 14.7 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 2,270 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3.2 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 9.3 Age dependency ratio (2009) 64.1 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 510.4 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 7.9% Top destination countries: Argentina, Spain, Brazil, the United States, Canada, Bolivia, Japan, Chile, Uruguay, Germany SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 3.9% Emigration of physicians: 243 or 3.8% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 161.3 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 2.5% Females as percentage of immigrants: 48.3% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Germany, Mexico, the United States, Peru Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 222 238 269 463 484 579 555 573 of which Workers' remittances 110 132 161 336 341 363 366 -- Compensation of employees 113 106 108 127 143 225 214 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.3 bn, net ODA received US$0.1 bn, total international reserves US$2.9 bn, exports of goods and services US$8.5 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 203 Peru Latin America and the Caribbean UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 29.2 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 22.5 Labor force (millions, 2008) 14.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 71.5 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 1,285.2 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 119.4 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 4,150 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 6.8 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 8.2 Age dependency ratio (2009) 56.7 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,090.8 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 3.7% Top destination countries: the United States, Spain, Italy, Argentina, Chile, Japan, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Canada, Ecuador, Bolivia SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 5.8% Emigration of physicians: 1,830 or 5.7% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 37.6 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.1% Females as percentage of immigrants: 52.4% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 2.5% Top source countries: the United States, Chile, Argentina, China, Spain, Bolivia, Italy, Brazil, Colombia, Japan Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 869 1,133 1,440 1,837 2,131 2,444 2,378 2,494 of which Workers' remittances 869 1,133 1,440 1,837 2,131 2,444 2,378 -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 116 113 129 133 137 133 85 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers 116 113 129 133 137 133 85 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$4.1 bn, net ODA received US$0.5 bn, total international reserves US$31.2 bn, exports of goods and services US$35.0 bn in 2008. 204 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Philippines, The East Asia and Pacific LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 92.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.9 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 303.0 Labor force (millions, 2008) 37.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 7.4 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 65.7 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 300.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 160.4 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 1,790 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.4 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 22.6 Age dependency ratio (2009) 61.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 4,275.2 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 4.6% Top destination countries: the United States, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Malaysia, Japan, Australia, Italy, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 13.7% Emigration of physicians: 20,149 or 17.5% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 435.4 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.5% Females as percentage of immigrants: 51.1% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: the United States, China, the United Kingdom, Bahrain, Japan, Antigua and Barbuda, Indonesia, India, Brazil, Angola Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 10,243 11,471 13,566 15,251 16,302 18,642 19,766 21,311 of which Workers' remittances 7,681 8,617 10,668 12,481 13,255 14,536 15,141 -- Compensation of employees 2,558 2,851 2,893 2,758 3,030 4,092 4,585 -- Migrants' transfers 4 3 5 12 17 14 40 -- Outward remittance flows 18 17 15 20 35 44 58 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers 18 17 15 20 35 44 58 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$1.4 bn, net ODA received US$0.1 bn, total international reserves US$37.5 bn, exports of goods and services US$61.5 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 205 Poland HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 38.1 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) ­0.1 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 124.5 Labor force (millions, 2008) 17.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 7.1 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 61.3 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 312.7 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 416.1 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 12,260 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.7 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 0.1 Age dependency ratio (2009) 39.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 3,102.6 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 8.2% Top destination countries: Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States, Belarus, Canada, France, Italy, Israel, Ireland, Spain SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 14.1% Emigration of physicians: 8,553 or 9.1% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 827.5 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 2.2% Females as percentage of immigrants: 59.0% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 1.0% Top source countries: Ukraine, Belarus, Germany, Lithuania, the Russian Federation, France, the United States, the Czech Republic, Austria, Kazakhstan Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 2,284 4,728 6,482 8,496 10,496 10,447 8,816 9,080 of which Workers' remittances 741 1,124 1,822 2,955 4,242 4,700 3,788 -- Compensation of employees 1,543 3,600 4,649 5,531 6,226 5,708 4,996 -- Migrants' transfers -- 4 11 10 28 39 32 -- Outward remittance flows 325 460 602 802 1,278 1,717 1,328 -- of which Workers' remittances 33 16 13 13 16 32 9 -- Compensation of employees 292 438 571 776 1,238 1,651 1,309 -- Migrants' transfers -- 6 18 13 24 34 10 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$14.8 bn, total international reserves US$62.2 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$209.9 bn in 2008. 206 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Portugal HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 10.6 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.4 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 116.1 Labor force (millions, 2008) 5.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 7.6 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 60.1 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 92.1 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 216.7 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 20,940 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 0.3 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 49.1 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 2,230.0 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 20.8% Top destination countries: France, Brazil, Germany, the United States, Canada, Spain, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Mozambique, República Bolivariana de Venezuela SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 19.5% Emigration of physicians: 807 or 2.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 918.6 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 8.6% Females as percentage of immigrants: 50.3% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Angola, France, Mozambique, Brazil, Cape Verde, Germany, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Guinea-Bissau, Spain, Switzerland Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 3,042 3,304 3,101 3,334 3,941 4,057 3,585 3,664 of which Workers' remittances 2,752 3,032 2,826 3,045 3,551 3,647 3,190 -- Compensation of employees 237 230 235 265 340 343 333 -- Migrants' transfers 53 43 41 24 50 67 61 -- Outward remittance flows 935 1,163 1,306 1,377 1,284 1,410 1,460 -- of which Workers' remittances 529 604 695 766 783 847 781 -- Compensation of employees 259 378 436 445 346 388 516 -- Migrants' transfers 148 182 175 166 155 176 162 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$3.6 bn, total international reserves US$12.0 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$80.1 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 207 Puerto Rico HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 4.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.4 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 445.8 Labor force (millions, 2008) 1.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 11.6 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 98.6 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 9.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 51.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,706.0 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 42.7% Top destination countries: the United States, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Ecuador, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Panama, Colombia, the United Kingdom, Canada, Chile SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Skilled emigration data are currently not available for this country. IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 324.0 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 8.1% Females as percentage of immigrants: 52.7% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source country: the United States Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. 208 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Qatar HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 1.4 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 8.7 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 116.4 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 95.7 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 11.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 20.6 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 9.9 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 0.7% Top destination countries: the United States, Jordan, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, the Arab Republic of Egypt, France, Bahrain, Ireland, Germany SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 2.5% IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 1,305.4 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 86.5% Females as percentage of immigrants: 25.8% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Pakistan, India, Nepal, the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Philippines, the Arab Republic of Egypt, Sri Lanka Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 209 Romania Europe and Central Asia UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 21.5 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) ­0.4 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 93.5 Labor force (millions, 2008) 9.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 5.8 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 54.4 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 238.4 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 164.1 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 8,330 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3.8 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 0.8 Age dependency ratio (2009) 43.0 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 2,769.4 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 13.1% Top destination countries: Italy, Spain, Hungary, Israel, the United States, Germany, Canada, Austria, France, the United Kingdom SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 11.8% Emigration of physicians: 3,119 or 6.9% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 132.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.6% Females as percentage of immigrants: 51.3% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 1.3% Top source countries: Moldova, Bulgaria, Ukraine, the Russian Federation, the Syrian Arab Republic, Hungary, Greece, Turkey, Italy, Germany Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 124 132 4,733 6,718 8,542 9,381 4,928 4,517 of which Workers' remittances 14 18 3,754 5,509 6,835 7,580 4,207 -- Compensation of employees 110 113 954 1,165 1,626 1,705 651 -- Migrants' transfers -- 1 25 44 81 96 71 -- Outward remittance flows 8 8 33 57 353 664 310 -- of which Workers' remittances 1 1 4 6 289 482 243 -- Compensation of employees 7 5 24 42 55 169 61 -- Migrants' transfers -- 2 6 8 9 13 6 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$13.9 bn, total international reserves US$39.8 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$59.8 bn in 2008. 210 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Russian Federation Europe and Central Asia UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 141.9 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) ­0.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 8.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) 75.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 6.2 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 72.8 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 17,098.2 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 1,194.9 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 9,370 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.0 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 0.2 Age dependency ratio (2009) 38.6 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 11,055.6 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 7.9% Top destination countries: Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Israel, Belarus, the United States, Uzbekistan, Germany, Latvia, Tajikistan, Moldova SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 1.5% Emigration of physicians: 3,922 or 0.6% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 12,270.4 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 8.7% Females as percentage of immigrants: 57.8% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Moldova Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 1,453 2,495 3,012 3,344 4,713 6,033 5,359 5,590 of which Workers' remittances 300 925 621 766 852 802 775 -- Compensation of employees 814 1,206 1,807 1,899 2,613 3,792 3,326 -- Migrants' transfers 339 364 583 678 1,249 1,439 1,258 -- Outward remittance flows 3,233 5,188 7,008 11,467 17,763 26,145 18,613 -- of which Workers' remittances 1,306 2,672 3,051 4,587 6,942 7,264 5,927 -- Compensation of employees 958 1,464 2,940 6,067 9,931 17,971 12,027 -- Migrants' transfers 969 1,052 1,017 813 890 910 659 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$72.9 bn, total international reserves US$427.1 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$517.7 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 211 Rwanda Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 10.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 3.0 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 394.0 Labor force (millions, 2008) 4.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 18.6 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 26.3 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 5.0 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 460 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 7.8 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 74.4 Age dependency ratio (2009) 81.0 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 263.4 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 2.6% Top destination countries: Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, Belgium, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, the United States, Italy, Germany SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 26.0% Emigration of physicians: (a) 23 or 12.7% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 118 or 43.2% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 292 or 13.9% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 465.5 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 4.5% Females as percentage of immigrants: 53.9% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 11.0% Top source countries: the Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, Uganda, Tanzania, India, Belgium Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e a Inward remittance flows 10 10 21 21 51 68 93 91 of which Workers' remittances 9 10 9 17 28 63 -- -- Compensation of employees 0 12 4 23 4 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 30 31 35 47 68 70 71 -- of which Workers' remittances 15 15 14 17 20 32 35 -- Compensation of employees 14 16 21 30 48 38 36 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.1 bn, net ODA received US$0.9 bn, total international reserves US$0.6 bn, exports of goods and services US$0.7 bn in 2008. 212 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Samoa East Asia and Pacific LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 0.2 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.2 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 64.1 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 23.2 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 2.8 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 0.5 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 2,840 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 1.6 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 79.4 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 120.4 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 67.3% Top destination countries: New Zealand, the United States, American Samoa, Australia, Fiji, Kiribati, the United Kingdom, Canada, Italy, Japan SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 76.4% IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 9.0 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 5.0% Females as percentage of immigrants: 44.7% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: American Samoa, New Zealand, the United States, Australia, Fiji, Tonga, China, Japan, Papua New Guinea, Germany Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 45 88 110 108 120 135 124 142 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- 1 1 1 1 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows -- 11 11 2 13 -- -- -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- 11 11 2 13 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: total international reserves US$0.1 bn, exports of goods and services US$0.2 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 213 San Marino HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (thousands, 2009) 31.4 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 516.8 Labor force (millions, 2008) -- Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 94.3 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.1 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) -- Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 3.1 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 9.9% Top destination countries: Italy, the United States, France, Germany, Belgium, Spain, Canada, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Greece SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 17.1% IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 11.7 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 37.0% Females as percentage of immigrants: 53.5% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source country: Italy Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. 214 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 São Tomé and Principe Sub-Saharan Africa LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 0.2 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.7 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 167.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 61.4 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 1.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 0.2 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 1,140 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 5.6 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 80.6 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 36.2 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 21.9% Top destination countries: Portugal, Angola, Cape Verde, Spain, France, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, the United States, Germany, Italy SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 22.0% Emigration of physicians: 97 or 60.6% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 149 or 46.4% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 5.3 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 3.2% Females as percentage of immigrants: 48.0% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Angola, Cape Verde, Portugal, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Congo, France Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flows 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 of which Workers' remittances 2 1 2 2 2 -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 1 1 0 1 1 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 215 Saudi Arabia HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 25.4 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 11.5 Labor force (millions, 2008) 8.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 82.3 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 2,149.7 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 54.6 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 178.7 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 0.7% Top destination countries: Jordan, the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, the Arab Republic of Egypt, Bahrain, Australia, Turkey, India, France SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 0.9% Emigration of physicians: 359 or 1.2% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 7,288.9 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 27.8% Females as percentage of immigrants: 30.1% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 3.3% Top source countries: India, the Arab Republic of Egypt, Pakistan, the Republic of Yemen, the Philippines, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Sudan, Jordan Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa -- -- 94 106 124 216 217 233 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- 94 106 124 216 217 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 14,783 13,555 14,315 15,964 16,447 21,696 25,969 -- of which Workers' remittances 14,783 13,555 13,716 15,299 15,746 20,946 25,187 -- Compensation of employees -- -- 599 665 701 751 782 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$22.5 bn, total international reserves US$34.3 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$323.1 bn in 2008. 216 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Senegal Sub-Saharan Africa LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 12.5 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.6 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 63.4 Labor force (millions, 2008) 4.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 42.6 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 196.7 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 12.9 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 1,030 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3.6 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 33.5 Age dependency ratio (2009) 85.0 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 636.2 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 4.9% Top destination countries: The Gambia, France, Italy, Mauritania, Spain, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, the United States, Mali, Guinea-Bissau SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 17.7% Emigration of physicians: (a) 27 or 2.9% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 678 or 51.4% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 695 or 26.9% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 210.1 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 1.6% Females as percentage of immigrants: 51.2% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 9.8% Top source countries: Guinea, Mauritania, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, France, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Morocco, the Syrian Arab Republic, the United States Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e a Inward remittance flows 511 633 789 925 1,192 1,288 1,191 1,164 of which Workers' remittances 448 563 717 851 1,107 -- -- -- Compensation of employees 63 70 72 75 85 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 57 77 98 96 143 -- -- -- of which Workers' remittances 48 67 87 87 130 -- -- -- Compensation of employees 9 10 11 10 13 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.7 bn, net ODA received US$1.1 bn, total international reserves US$1.6 bn, exports of goods and services US$3.3 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 217 Serbia Europe and Central Asia UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 7.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) ­0.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 83.2 Labor force (millions, 2008) 3.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 13.6 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 52.2 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 88.4 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 41.9 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 5,990 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.1 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 47.3 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 196.0 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 2.0% Top destination countries: Austria, the United States, France, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Denmark, Japan SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration of physicians: 1,466 or 6.1% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 525.4 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 5.3% Females as percentage of immigrants: 56.7% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 18.7% Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 2,661 4,129 4,650 4,703 5,377 5,538 5,406 558 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- 2,948 2,913 3,755 -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- 148 191 184 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- 2 2 3 -- Outward remittance flows -- -- -- -- 114 138 91 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- 95 114 70 -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- 17 23 20 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- 2 1 1 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$3.0 bn, net ODA received US$1.0 bn, total international reserves US$11.5 bn, exports of goods and services US$14.8 bn in 2008. 218 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Seychelles Sub-Saharan Africa UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (thousands, 2009) 88.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.9 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 187.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) -- Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 54.8 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.5 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 0.7 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 8,480 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3,4 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) -- Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 12.3 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 14.6% Top destination countries: the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Italy, the United States, Tanzania, France, Germany, Switzerland, Mauritius SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 55.9% Emigration of physicians: (a) 4 or 3.5% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 50 or 29.4% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 175 or 29.3% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 10.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 12.8% Females as percentage of immigrants: 42.5% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 5 7 12 13 11 12 12 13 of which Workers' remittances 5 7 12 13 11 -- -- -- Compensation of employees 0 0 0 0 0 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 7 8 10 17 21 24 24 -- of which Workers' remittances 2 3 4 10 10 11 9 -- Compensation of employees 5 5 6 8 11 13 14 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.4 bn, total international reserves US$0.1 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$1.1 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 219 Sierra Leone Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 5.7 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 3.2 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 77.6 Labor force (millions, 2008) 2.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 38.1 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 71.7 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 1.9 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 340 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 6.1 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 49.9 Age dependency ratio (2009) 82.6 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 267.0 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 4.6% Top destination countries: Guinea, the United Kingdom, the United States, Liberia, Germany, the Netherlands, Nigeria, The Gambia, Canada, Australia SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 52.5% Emigration of physicians: (a) 23 or 5.8% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 249 or 42.4% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 1,457 or 48.9% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 106.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 1.8% Females as percentage of immigrants: 45.7% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 16.9% Top source countries: Guinea, Liberia, The Gambia, Nigeria, Ghana, Lebanon, Mali, Senegal, India, Côte d'Ivoire Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e a Inward remittance flows 26 25 2 16 42 28 47 48 of which Workers' remittances 26 25 2 12 40 20 -- -- Compensation of employees 0 0 0 4 2 2 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 3 3 2 4 4 3 3 -- of which Workers' remittances 1 0 0 2 1 2 -- -- Compensation of employees 2 2 2 2 3 1 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net ODA received US$0.4 bn, total international reserves US$0.2 bn, exports of goods and services US$0.3 bn in 2008. 220 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Singapore HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 5.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 7,023.8 Labor force (millions, 2008) 2.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 3.2 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 100.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.7 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 179.2 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 37,220 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 6.2 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 35.3 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 297.2 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 6.1% Top destination countries: Malaysia, Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, New Zealand, India, Brunei Darussalam, the Netherlands, Japan SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 15.2% Emigration of physicians: 1,030 or 15.5% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 1,966.9 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 40.7% Females as percentage of immigrants: 56.0% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Malaysia; China; India; Indonesia; Pakistan; Bangladesh; the United States; Sri Lanka; Hong Kong SAR, China; Canada Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 221 Slovak Republic HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 5.4 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.0 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 112.4 Labor force (millions, 2008) 2.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 9.5 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 56.7 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 49.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 84.7 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 16,130 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 5.1 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 0.0 Age dependency ratio (2009) 37.9 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 520.1 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 9.6% Top destination countries: the Czech Republic, the United Kingdom, Germany, the United States, Austria, Canada, Ireland, Italy, Israel, Spain SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 16.7% Emigration of physicians: 1,895 or 9.8% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 130.7 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 2.4% Females as percentage of immigrants: 56.0% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.2% Top source countries: the Czech Republic, Hungary, Ukraine, Poland, the Russian Federation, Germany, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Romania, Austria, the United States Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 425 529 946 1,088 1,483 1,973 1,671 1,651 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 425 529 946 1,088 1,483 1,973 1,671 -- Migrants' transfers -1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 16 22 39 48 73 144 134 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 16 22 39 48 73 144 134 -- Migrants' transfers 0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$3.2 bn, total international reserves US$18.8 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$81.8 bn in 2008. 222 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Slovenia HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 2.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 101.3 Labor force (millions, 2008) 1.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 4.4 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 48.3 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 20.3 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 47.3 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 23,520 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 2.6 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 0.0 Age dependency ratio (2009) 42.9 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 132.0 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 6.5% Top destination countries: Germany, Croatia, Austria, Canada, France, Australia, the United States, Switzerland, Italy, the United Kingdom SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 11.5% Emigration of physicians: 107 or 2.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 163.9 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 8.1% Females as percentage of immigrants: 46.6% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.2% Top source countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Ukraine, Germany, the Russian Federation, Italy, Austria, Romania, France Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 238 266 264 282 323 347 279 297 of which Workers' remittances 13 12 7 6 5 -- -- -- Compensation of employees 217 249 254 274 315 347 279 -- Migrants' transfers 8 5 3 3 2 -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 66 80 94 129 250 380 191 -- of which Workers' remittances 0 1 1 1 1 40 34 -- Compensation of employees 65 78 90 127 247 339 158 -- Migrants' transfers 1 2 4 1 2 -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$1.9 bn, total international reserves US$1.0 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 223 Solomon Islands East Asia and Pacific LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 0.5 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.6 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 18.1 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 18.3 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 28.9 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 0.5 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 910 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 5.6 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 72.9 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 5.4 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 1.0% Top destination countries: Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, the United States, Fiji, Canada, Japan, Samoa, Switzerland SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 6.4% IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 7.0 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 1.3% Females as percentage of immigrants: 43.9% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Papua New Guinea, Kiribati, Australia, China, Fiji, the Philippines, New Zealand, the United States, Malaysia, New Caledonia Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 4 9 7 20 20 20 2 3 of which Workers' remittances 1 2 3 10 -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 3 7 4 9 -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- 2 -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 -- of which Workers' remittances 0 0 0 1 -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 1 2 2 2 -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers 0 0 0 0 -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.1 bn, net ODA received US$0.2 bn, total international reserves US$0.1 bn in 2008. 224 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Somalia Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 9.1 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.4 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 14.3 Labor force (millions, 2008) 3.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 37.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 637.7 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 90.9 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 812.7 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 8.7% Top destination countries: Ethiopia, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Republic of Yemen, Djibouti, Kenya, the Arab Republic of Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Sweden SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 32.7% Emigration of physicians: (a) 98 or 21.9% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 151 or 32.8% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 164 or 9.9% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 22.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.2% Females as percentage of immigrants: 45.9% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 3.4% Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 225 South Africa Sub-Saharan Africa UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 49.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.4 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 40.1 Labor force (millions, 2008) 17.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 22.9 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 61.2 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 1,219.1 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 279.7 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 5,770 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3.7 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 20.6 Age dependency ratio (2009) 53.8 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 878.1 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 1.7% Top destination countries: the United Kingdom, Mozambique, Australia, the United States, Canada, New Zealand, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Portugal, the Netherlands SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 7.5% Emigration of physicians: (a) 12,108 or 29.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 7,363 or 21.1% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 4,844 or 5.1% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 1,862.9 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 3.7% Females as percentage of immigrants: 42.7% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 1.9% Top source countries: Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Lesotho, Swaziland, Botswana, Malawi, Australia, New Zealand Remittances US$ million 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 434 523 658 734 834 823 902 1,008 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 391 468 614 692 792 783 862 -- Migrants' transfers 44 55 44 43 41 39 40 -- Outward remittance flows 706 937 1,055 1,068 1,186 1,133 1,158 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 706 935 1,041 1,055 1,172 1,119 1,144 -- Migrants' transfers -- 2 14 12 13 14 14 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$9.6 bn, net ODA received US$1.1 bn, total international reserves US$34.1 bn, exports of goods and services US$97.8 bn in 2008. 226 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Spain HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 46.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.4 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 91.3 Labor force (millions, 2008) 22.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 11.3 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 77.3 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 505.4 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 1,419.2 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 31,870 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 1.7 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 46.8 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,373.1 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 3.0% Top destination countries: France, Germany, Argentina, the United States, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Brazil, Belgium, Andorra SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 4.3% Emigration of physicians: 7,780 or 5.7% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 6,900.5 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 15.2% Females as percentage of immigrants: 44.3% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.1% Top source countries: Romania, Morocco, Ecuador, the United Kingdom, Colombia, Argentina, Bolivia, Germany, France, Peru Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 6,568 7,528 7,961 8,890 10,739 11,807 9,904 10,245 of which Workers' remittances 4,718 5,196 5,343 6,071 7,286 7,878 6,733 -- Compensation of employees 1,013 1,157 1,318 1,513 2,012 2,242 1,883 -- Migrants' transfers 838 1,175 1,299 1,306 1,441 1,687 1,289 -- Outward remittance flows 5,140 6,977 8,136 11,326 15,191 14,755 12,646 -- of which Workers' remittances 3,939 5,211 6,123 8,888 11,605 11,630 9,985 -- Compensation of employees 925 1,341 1,545 1,867 2,388 2,321 2,059 -- Migrants' transfers 275 425 468 571 1,190 804 602 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$71.2 bn, total international reserves US$20.3 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$423.8 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 227 Sri Lanka South Asia LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 20.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.9 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 311.9 Labor force (millions, 2008) 8.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 5.2 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 15.1 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 65.6 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 41.5 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 1,990 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 6.0 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 10.3 Age dependency ratio (2009) 46.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,847.5 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 9.1% Top destination countries: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, India, the United Arab Emirates, Canada, the United Kingdom, Jordan, Qatar, Italy, Australia SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 29.7% Emigration of physicians: 4,006 or 33.6% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 339.9 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 1.7% Females as percentage of immigrants: 49.8% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.1% Top source countries: India, Australia, France, the United Kingdom, China, Sweden, Malaysia, Germany, the United States, Pakistan Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 1,438 1,590 1,991 2,185 2,527 2,947 3,363 3,612 of which Workers' remittances 1,414 1,564 1,968 2,161 2,502 2,918 3,330 -- Compensation of employees 10 10 7 6 6 7 7 -- Migrants' transfers 14 16 15 18 19 23 26 -- Outward remittance flows 230 236 257 283 314 385 435 -- of which Workers' remittances 209 214 233 258 288 353 403 -- Compensation of employees 15 16 16 17 17 20 17 -- Migrants' transfers 6 7 8 8 10 12 14 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.8 bn, net ODA received US$0.7 bn, total international reserves US$2.6 bn, exports of goods and services US$10.1 bn in 2008. 228 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 St. Kitts and Nevis Latin America and the Caribbean UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (thousands, 2009) 50.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.6 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 189.2 Labor force (millions, 2008) -- Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 32.4 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.3 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 0.5 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 10,100 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 1.9 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) -- Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 31.9 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 61.0% Top destination countries: the United States, the United Kingdom, Virgin Islands (U.S.), Canada, Netherlands Antilles, Antigua and Barbuda, the Dominican Republic, the Netherlands, Australia, St. Lucia SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 78.5% Emigration of physicians: 28 or 34.9% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 5.0 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 9.6% Females as percentage of immigrants: 46.3% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: the United States, Guyana, the Dominican Republic, Virgin Islands (U.S.), the United Kingdom, Antigua and Barbuda, Jamaica, Dominica, Trinidad and Tobago Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 30 31 34 36 40 44 41 44 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 4 8 8 6 6 6 6 -- of which Workers' remittances 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 -- Compensation of employees 4 3 3 1 1 1 1 -- Migrants' transfers 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.1 bn, total international reserves US$0.1 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$0.2 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 229 St. Lucia Latin America and the Caribbean UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 0.2 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.1 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 278.6 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 27.9 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.6 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 0.9 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 5,170 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 1.9 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 17.8 Age dependency ratio (2009) 49.4 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 40.4 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 23.2% Top destination countries: the United States, the United Kingdom, Barbados, Canada, Virgin Islands (U.S.), Trinidad and Tobago, Antigua and Barbuda, Spain, the Dominican Republic, Guyana SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 71.1% Emigration of physicians: 293 or 78.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 10.2 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 5.9% Females as percentage of immigrants: 51.3% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: the United Kingdom, Barbados, the United States, Canada, Virgin Islands (U.S.), Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, Netherlands Antilles, Antigua and Barbuda, St. Vincent and the Grenadines Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 27 29 29 30 31 31 28 30 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 -- of which Workers' remittances 3 3 3 3 .3 3 3 -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.1 bn, total international reserves US$0.1 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$0.5 bn in 2008. 230 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 St. Vincent and the Grenadines Latin America and the Caribbean UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 0.1 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.1 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 279.8 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 47.4 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.4 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 0.6 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 5,110 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3.7 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 50.8 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 41.1 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 37.6% Top destination countries: Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, Antigua and Barbuda, Netherlands Antilles, St. Lucia, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Greece SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 84.5% IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 8.6 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 7.9% Females as percentage of immigrants: 51.9% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, the United Kingdom, the United States, Grenada, Barbados, Canada, St. Lucia, Jamaica, Dominica Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2101e Inward remittance flowsa 24 26 26 30 33 31 30 33 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 5 5 6 7 7 7 7 -- of which Workers' remittances 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 -- Compensation of employees -- -- 1 1 1 0 0 -- Migrants' transfers 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.1 bn, total international reserves US$0.1 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$0.3 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 231 Sudan Sub-Saharan Africa LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 42.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.1 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 17.4 Labor force (millions, 2008) 12.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 44.3 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 2,505.8 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 49.7 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 1,220 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 7.7 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 74.6 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 967.5 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 2.2% Top destination countries: Saudi Arabia, Uganda, the Republic of Yemen, Kenya, the United States, Chad, the United Arab Emirates, Australia, Jordan, Canada SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 6.9% Emigration of physicians: (a) 1,083 or 17.9% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 758 or 13.2% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 166 or 0.6% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 753.4 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 1.7% Females as percentage of immigrants: 48.2% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 27.8% Top source countries: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Chad, Nigeria, the Arab Republic of Egypt, the Republic of Yemen, India, West Bank and Gaza, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Somalia Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 1,224 1,403 1,016 1,179 1,769 3,100 2,993 3,178 of which Workers' remittances 1,218 1,401 1,014 1,177 1,767 3,100 -- -- Compensation of employees 5 2 2 2 2 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 1 2 2 2 2 2 -- -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 1 2 2 2 2 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$2.6 bn, net ODA received US$2.4 bn, total international reserves US$1.4 bn, exports of goods and services US$13.3 bn in 2008. 232 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Suriname Latin America and the Caribbean UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 0.5 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.2 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 3.3 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 75.3 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 163.3 GNI (US$ billions, 2008) 2.7 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2008) 4,990 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2004­08) 5.8 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 14.2 Age dependency ratio (2009) 55.0 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 204.4 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 39.0% Top destination countries: the Netherlands, the United States, Guyana, Netherlands Antilles, Canada, Belgium, the United Kingdom, France, Brazil, Spain SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 47.9% Emigration of physicians: 15 or 7.2% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 39.5 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 7.5% Females as percentage of immigrants: 45.4% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Guyana, the Netherlands, Brazil, China, France, Haiti, the United States Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 24 9 4 2 140 2 2 2 of which Workers' remittances 21 7 2 0 138 0 -- -- Compensation of employees 2 2 2 2 2 2 -- -- Migrants' transfers 0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 28 14 10 4 65 8 8 -- of which Workers' remittances 23 9 5 2 60 2 -- -- Compensation of employees 5 5 4 3 4 7 -- -- Migrants' transfers 0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$-0.2 bn, net ODA received US$0.1 bn, total international reserves US$0.5 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 233 Swaziland Sub-Saharan Africa LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 1.2 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.1 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 67.9 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 28.2 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 25.2 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 17.4 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 2.7 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 2,350 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 2.3 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 62.4 Age dependency ratio (2009) 74.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 160.3 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 13.3% Top destination countries: South Africa, Mozambique, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, Canada, Portugal, Tanzania, Germany, Turkey SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 0.5% Emigration of physicians: 53 or 28.5% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 96 or 2.8% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 40.4 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 3.4% Females as percentage of immigrants: 47.7% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 1.9% Top source countries: Mozambique, South Africa Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 65 83 95 99 100 100 102 118 of which Workers' remittances -- 1 1 1 1 -- -- -- Compensation of employees 65 82 94 94 94 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- 0 3 5 -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 39 5 8 17 8 -- -- -- of which Workers' remittances 37 0 3 1 1 -- -- -- Compensation of employees 2 4 5 15 7 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- 1 0 0 0 -- -- -- a. For comparison: net ODA received US$0.1 bn, total international reserves US$0.8 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$1.9 bn in 2008. 234 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Sweden HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 9.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.5 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 22.5 Labor force (millions, 2008) 4.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 6.2 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 84.6 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 450.3 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 413.1 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 48,930 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 1.0 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 52.8 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 317.9 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 3.4% Top destination countries: Norway, the United States, Finland, Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Italy, Australia, France SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 4.3% Emigration of physicians: 1,552 or 5.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 1,306.0 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 14.1% Females as percentage of immigrants: 50.5% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 5.7% Top source countries: Finland, Iraq, Poland, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Denmark, Germany, Norway, Turkey, Chile Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 578 420 612 595 738 780 703 796 of which Workers' remittances 203 -- 222 222 146 167 168 -- Compensation of employees 336 377 346 372 592 613 535 -- Migrants' transfers 39 43 43 -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 600 646 814 553 741 742 757 -- of which Workers' remittances 24 -- 255 26 -- -- 7 -- Compensation of employees 554 621 534 579 741 742 750 -- Migrants' transfers 22 25 25 -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$41.9 bn, total international reserves US$29.7 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$259.7 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 235 Switzerland HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 7.7 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.8 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 190.8 Labor force (millions, 2008) 4.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 3.4 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 73.5 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 41.3 GNI (US$ billions, 2008) 533.5 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2008) 65,330 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2004­08) 2.6 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 47.7 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 407.8 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 5.4% Top destination countries: Spain, France, Germany, the United States, Canada, Portugal, the United Kingdom, Austria, Australia, Turkey SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 8.9% Emigration of physicians: 2,607 or 9.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 1,762.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 23.2% Females as percentage of immigrants: 49.7% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 2.7% Top source countries: Italy, Germany, Portugal, France, Spain, Turkey, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the United Kingdom Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 1,706 1,889 1,828 1,903 1,979 2,200 2,119 2,096 of which Workers' remittances 173 194 202 209 292 330 314 -- Compensation of employees 1,533 1,695 1,626 1,695 1,687 1,871 2,211 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 11,451 12,921 13,324 14,377 16,292 19,022 19,562 -- of which Workers' remittances 2,741 3,139 3,341 3,718 4,160 4,693 5,047 -- Compensation of employees 8,711 9,782 9,983 10,658 12,133 14,329 14,514 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$6.5 bn, total international reserves US$74.1 bn in 2008. 236 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Syrian Arab Republic Middle East and North Africa LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 21.1 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.7 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 115.5 Labor force (millions, 2008) 6.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 54.6 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 185.2 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 50.9 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 2,410 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.6 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 61.8 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 944.6 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 4.2% Top destination countries: Jordan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, the United States, Germany, West Bank and Gaza, Libya, Canada, Sweden, France SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 6.1% Emigration of physicians: 3,966 or 15.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 2,205.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 9.8% Females as percentage of immigrants: 49.0% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 71.7% Top source country: West Bank and Gaza Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 889 855 823 795 1,150 1,400 1,332 1,407 of which Workers' remittances 743 690 763 770 1,000 1,250 -- -- Compensation of employees 146 165 60 25 30 75 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- 120 75 -- -- Outward remittance flows 40 42 40 235 252 212 212 -- of which Workers' remittances -- 1 2 160 170 -- -- -- Compensation of employees 40 41 38 75 80 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- 2 -- -- -- a. For comparison: net ODA received US$0.1 bn, exports of goods and services US$17.3 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 237 Tajikistan Europe and Central Asia LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 7.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 48.8 Labor force (millions, 2008) 2.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 26.5 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 142.6 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 4.9 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 700 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 6.6 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 21.5 Age dependency ratio (2009) 68.3 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 791.1 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 11.2% Top destination countries: the Russian Federation, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Israel, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the United States, Latvia, Germany, Canada SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 0.4% Emigration of physicians: 41 or 0.3% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 284.3 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 4.0% Females as percentage of immigrants: 57.1% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.4% Top source countries: the Russian Federation, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, the Kyrgyz Republic Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 146 252 467 1,019 1,691 2,544 1,748 2,065 of which Workers' remittances 146 252 465 1,015 1,685 2,537 1,742 -- Compensation of employees 0 0 1 4 5 7 6 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 64 119 145 395 184 199 124 -- of which Workers' remittances 64 119 144 393 180 194 120 -- Compensation of employees 0 0 1 2 4 5 4 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.4 bn, net ODA received US$0.3 bn, exports of goods and services US$0.9 bn in 2008. 238 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Tanzania Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 43.7 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.7 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 48.0 Labor force (millions, 2008) 20.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 26.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 947.3 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 21.5 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 500 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 6.8 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 82.4 Age dependency ratio (2009) 91.6 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 316.9 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 0.7% Top destination countries: Kenya, Uganda, the United Kingdom, Canada, Mozambique, Malawi, the United States, Burundi, Rwanda, Australia SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 12.4% Emigration of physicians: (a) 119 or 12.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 1,356 or 51.8% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 953 or 3.5% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 659.2 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 1.5% Females as percentage of immigrants: 50.4% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 69.9% Top source countries: Burundi, Mozambique, Kenya, the Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Zambia, Uganda, Malawi, India, the United States Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e a Inward remittance flows 9 14 19 15 14 19 16 17 of which Workers' remittances 2 6 9 9 8 9 -- -- Compensation of employees 7 8 10 6 6 9 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 27 34 33 30 46 54 54 -- of which Workers' remittances 5 6 8 6 -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 22 28 25 23 46 54 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.7 bn, net ODA received US$2.3 bn, total international reserves US$2.9 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 239 Thailand East Asia and Pacific LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 67.8 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.9 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 131.9 Labor force (millions, 2008) 37.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 1.4 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 33.7 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 513.1 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 252.0 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 3,760 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3.0 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 0.4 Age dependency ratio (2009) 41.4 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 810.8 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 1.2% Top destination countries: the United States, Cambodia, Malaysia, Germany, Japan, Australia, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Saudi Arabia, the Republic of Korea SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 2.4% Emigration of physicians: 2,390 or 11.6% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 1,157.3 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 1.7% Females as percentage of immigrants: 48.4% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 11.2% Top source countries: China, Myanmar, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Cambodia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Japan, India, Vietnam, the United States Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 1,607 1,622 1,187 1,333 1,635 1,898 1,637 1,788 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 1,607 1,622 1,187 1,333 1,635 1,898 1,637 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$9.8 bn, net ODA received US$-0.6 bn, total international reserves US$111.0 bn, exports of goods and services US$208.8 bn in 2008. 240 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Timor-Leste East Asia and Pacific LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 1.1 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 3.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 73.9 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 27.7 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 14.9 GNI (US$ billions, 2008) 2.9 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2008) 2,460 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2004­08) 5.1 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 43.6 Age dependency ratio (2009) 92.1 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 16.8 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 1.4% Top destination countries: Australia, Portugal, the Philippines, Canada, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Japan, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, the Czech Republic, Norway SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 15.5% Emigration of physicians: 14 or 26.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 13.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 1.2% Females as percentage of immigrants: 52.6% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Indonesia, the Philippines, Australia Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 241 Togo Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 6.6 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.6 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 118.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) 2.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 42.7 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 56.8 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 2.8 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 440 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 2.3 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 38.7 Age dependency ratio (2009) 76.7 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 368.7 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 5.4% Top destination countries: Nigeria, Côte d'Ivoire, Benin, Burkina Faso, France, Germany, Niger, Gabon, Italy, the United States SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 18.7% Emigration of physicians: (a) 31 or 10.1% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 180 or 40.4% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 186 or 19.2% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 185.4 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 2.7% Females as percentage of immigrants: 50.2% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 2.1% Top source countries: Benin, Ghana, Nigeria, Niger, France, Mali, Lebanon, Germany, the United States Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e a Inward remittance flows 149 179 193 232 284 337 307 302 of which Workers' remittances 128 153 164 203 252 301 -- -- Compensation of employees 20 26 28 29 32 36 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 28 34 35 39 47 58 58 -- of which Workers' remittances 27 33 35 38 46 56 -- -- Compensation of employees 1 1 1 1 1 2 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.1 bn, net ODA received US$0.3 bn, total international reserves US$0.6 bn in 2008. 242 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Tonga East Asia and Pacific LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 0.1 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.6 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 143.8 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 25.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.8 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 0.3 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 3,260 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 0.0 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 76.3 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 47.4 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 45.4% Top destination countries: New Zealand, the United States, Australia, American Samoa, Chile, Fiji, France, Kiribati, the United Kingdom, Samoa SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 75.2% IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 0.8 thousand Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.8% Females as percentage of immigrants: 48.7% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Fiji, Samoa, India, China, Japan Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 60 69 69 79 101 94 87 99 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 9 11 12 12 12 14 14 -- of which Workers' remittances 8 10 12 12 12 12 -- -- Compensation of employees 1 0 -- -- 0 0 -- -- Migrants' transfers 0 0 0 0 0 2 -- -- a. For comparison: total international reserves US$0.1 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 243 Trinidad and Tobago HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 1.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.4 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 260.8 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 13.6 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 5.1 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 20.6 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 16,490 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.7 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 0.5 Age dependency ratio (2009) 37.8 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 358.6 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 26.7% Top destination countries: the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Virgin Islands (U.S.), Barbados, Australia, Germany, Guyana SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 79.3% Emigration of physicians: 50 or 4.7% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 34.3 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 2.6% Females as percentage of immigrants: 54.0% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: Grenada, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Guyana, the United States, the United Kingdom, Barbados, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, St. Lucia, India Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 87 87 92 91 109 109 99 109 of which Workers' remittances 87 87 92 91 109 -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: total international reserves US$9.5 bn, exports of goods and services US$17.7 bn in 2008. 244 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Tunisia Middle East and North Africa LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 10.4 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.0 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 66.5 Labor force (millions, 2008) 3.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 66.9 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 163.6 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 37.3 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 3,720 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 4.7 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 1.0 Age dependency ratio (2009) 42.8 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 651.6 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 6.3% Top destination countries: France, Italy, Libya, Germany, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Belgium, Canada, the United States, Switzerland SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 12.5% Emigration of physicians: (a) 222 or 3.2% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 3,192 or 33.1% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 1,478 or 5.3% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 33.6 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.3% Females as percentage of immigrants: 49.3% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.3% Top source countries: Algeria, Morocco, France, Italy, Libya Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e a Inward remittance flows 1,250 1,431 1,393 1,510 1,716 1,977 1,966 1,960 of which Workers' remittances 1,107 1,268 1,195 1,304 1,446 1,725 1,727 -- Compensation of employees 143 163 198 206 269 252 238 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 17 13 16 16 15 16 13 -- of which Workers' remittances 11 7 7 7 7 6 -- -- Compensation of employees 7 6 8 10 8 10 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$2.6 bn, net ODA received US$0.5 bn, total international reserves US$9.0 bn, exports of goods and services US$24.6 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 245 Turkey Europe and Central Asia UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 74.8 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 96.0 Labor force (millions, 2008) 25.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 9.4 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 69.1 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 783.6 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 609.4 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 8,730 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3.2 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 2.7 Age dependency ratio (2009) 48.6 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 4,261.6 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 5.6% Top destination countries: Germany, France, the Netherlands, Austria, the United States, Bulgaria, Belgium, Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom, Switzerland SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 5.8% Emigration of physicians: 2,742 or 3.2% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 1,410.9 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 1.9% Females as percentage of immigrants: 52.0% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.3% Top source countries: Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the Netherlands, Romania, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, Azerbaijan, France Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 729 804 887 1,146 1,248 1,476 970 950 of which Workers' remittances 729 804 887 1,111 1,209 1,431 934 -- Compensation of employees -- -- 36 35 39 45 36 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows -- -- 96 107 106 111 141 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- 96 107 106 111 141 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$18.3 bn, net ODA received US$2.0 bn, total international reserves US$73.7 bn, exports of goods and services US$175.8 bn in 2008. 246 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Turkmenistan Europe and Central Asia LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 5.1 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.4 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 10.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) 2.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 49.1 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 488.1 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 19.2 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 3,420 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 10.9 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 11.7 Age dependency ratio (2009) 50.9 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 261.0 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 5.0% Top destination countries: the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Israel, Latvia, Turkey, Germany, Armenia, the United States, Kazakhstan, the Islamic Republic of Iran SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 0.2% IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 207.7 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 4.0% Females as percentage of immigrants: 57.1% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.2% Top source countries: Uzbekistan, the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Ukraine Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 247 Uganda Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 32.7 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 3.2 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 160.6 Labor force (millions, 2008) 13.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 13.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 241.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 15.4 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 460 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 8.3 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 51.5 Age dependency ratio (2009) 105.8 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 757.5 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 2.2% Top destination countries: Kenya, the United Kingdom, Tanzania, the United States, Rwanda, Canada, Sweden, Australia, Germany, Denmark SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 35.6% Emigration of physicians: (a) 532 or 36.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 1,837 or 43.1% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 1,122 or 10.2% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 646.5 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 1.9% Females as percentage of immigrants: 49.9% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 38.7% Top source countries: Sudan, Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, Kenya, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 299 311 322 411 452 724 694 773 of which Workers' remittances 299 311 322 411 452 724 -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 182 194 197 206 236 381 463 -- of which Workers' remittances 134 140 145 185 203 -- -- -- Compensation of employees 47 54 52 21 33 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.8b n, net ODA received US$1.7 bn, total international reserves US$2.3 bn, exports of goods and services US$2.2 bn in 2008. 248 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Ukraine Europe and Central Asia LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 46.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) ­0.8 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 79.8 Labor force (millions, 2008) 23.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 6.4 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 68.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 603.6 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 111.1 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 2,800 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 1.0 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 0.1 Age dependency ratio (2009) 42.0 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 6,563.1 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 14.4% Top destination countries: the Russian Federation, Poland, the United States, Kazakhstan, Israel, Germany, Moldova, Italy, Belarus, Spain SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 3.5% Emigration of physicians: 1,350 or 0.9% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 5,257.5 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 11.6% Females as percentage of immigrants: 57.2% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.1% Top source countries: the Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Moldova, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia, Tajikistan, the Kyrgyz Republic Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 330 411 595 829 4,503 5,769 5,073 5,289 of which Workers' remittances 185 193 236 289 2,292 2,140 1,643 -- Compensation of employees 145 218 359 540 2,210 3,629 3,426 -- Migrants' transfers 2 -- -- -- -- 1 4 -- Outward remittance flows 29 20 34 30 42 54 25 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- 2 2 7 13 4 -- Compensation of employees 4 6 10 9 11 18 15 -- Migrants' transfers 25 14 22 19 24 23 6 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$10.9 bn, net ODA received US$0.6 bn, total international reserves US$31.5 bn, exports of goods and services US$75.3 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 249 United Arab Emirates HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 4.6 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 4.1 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 53.6 Labor force (millions, 2008) 2.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 77.9 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 83.6 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 25.2 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 55.9 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 1.2% Top destination countries: India, Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Jordan, Germany, New Zealand, Bahrain, France SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 1.0% Emigration of physicians: 258 or 3.8% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 3,293.3 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 70.0% Females as percentage of immigrants: 27.4% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, the Arab Republic of Egypt, the Philippines, Bangladesh, the Republic of Yemen, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Sudan Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. 250 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 United Kingdom HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 61.8 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.5 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 253.8 Labor force (millions, 2008) 31.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 5.6 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 90.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 243.6 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 2,226.2 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 41,520 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 0.6 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 51.2 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 4,668.3 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 7.5% Top destination countries: Australia, the United States, Canada, Spain, Ireland, New Zealand, France, Germany, the Netherlands, the Philippines SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 16.7% Emigration of physicians: 16,710 or 12.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 6,955.7 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 11.2% Females as percentage of immigrants: 49.7% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 4.3% Top source countries: India, Poland, Pakistan, Ireland, Germany, South Africa, Bangladesh, the United States, Jamaica, Kenya Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 5,029 5,915 6,302 6,754 7,877 7,861 6,847 7,433 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 1,825 1,706 1,772 1,730 1,965 1,939 1,425 -- Migrants' transfers 3,204 4,208 4,530 5,023 5,913 5,922 5,422 -- Outward remittance flows 2,624 3,552 3,877 4,732 4,834 4,637 3,670 -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 1,728 2,610 2,876 3,501 3,440 3,255 2,511 -- Migrants' transfers 896 942 1,001 1,231 1,394 1,382 1,160 -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$93.5 bn, total international reserves US$53.0 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$772.9 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 251 United States HIGH-INCOME OECD Population (millions, 2009) 307.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.0 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 33.2 Labor force (millions, 2008) 156.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 5.8 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 82.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 9,632.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 14,345.3 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 47,240 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 1.2 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 49.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 2,423.6 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 0.8% Top destination countries: Mexico, Canada, Puerto Rico, the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, West Bank and Gaza, Japan, France, the Philippines SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 0.5% Emigration of physicians: 1,664 or 0.2% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 42,813.3 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 13.5% Females as percentage of immigrants: 49.9% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 1.3% Top source countries: Mexico, China, the Philippines, India, Puerto Rico, Vietnam, El Salvador, the Republic of Korea, Cuba, Canada Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 2,813 2,822 2,890 2,883 2,970 3,045 2,947 3,122 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees 2,813 2,822 2,890 2,883 2,970 3,045 2,947 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 36,545 39,347 40,635 43,620 46,995 48,829 48,304 -- of which Workers' remittances 28,033 30,384 31,345 34,130 36,929 38,465 37,552 -- Compensation of employees 8,512 8,963 9,290 9,490 10,066 10,364 10,756 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$319.7 bn, total international reserves US$294.0 bn in 2008. 252 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Uruguay Latin America and the Caribbean UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 3.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.2 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 19.0 Labor force (millions, 2008) 1.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 7.6 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 92.4 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 176.2 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 35.3 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 9,360 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 6.0 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 57.7 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 353.4 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 10.5% Top destination countries: Argentina, Spain, the United States, Brazil, Australia, Canada, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Chile, Paraguay, Sweden SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 8.1% Emigration of physicians: 298 or 2.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 79.9 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 2.4% Females as percentage of immigrants: 54.0% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.2% Top source countries: Argentina, Spain, Brazil, Italy, Chile, Germany, Paraguay, Poland, the United States, France Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 62 70 77 89 96 108 101 104 of which Workers' remittances 62 70 77 89 96 108 -- -- Compensation of employees -- 0 0 0 -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 -- of which Workers' remittances 1 2 2 3 4 5 -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$2.2 bn, total international reserves US$6.4 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$9.1 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 253 Uzbekistan Europe and Central Asia LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 27.8 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 64.2 Labor force (millions, 2008) 11.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 36.9 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 447.4 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 32.9 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 1,100 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 8.2 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 38.8 Age dependency ratio (2009) 51.0 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,955.1 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 7.0% Top destination countries: the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Israel, the Kyrgyz Republic, Turkmenistan, Latvia, the United States, Tajikistan, Germany SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 0.7% Emigration of physicians: 214 or 0.3% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 1,175.9 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 4.2% Females as percentage of immigrants: 57.1% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.1% Top source countries: the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. 254 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Vanuatu East Asia and Pacific LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 0.2 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.6 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 19.0 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 25.2 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 12.2 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 0.6 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 2,620 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 5.9 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 72.1 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 3.9 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 1.6% Top destination countries: Australia, New Caledonia, France, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Colombia, the United States, Spain, Fiji, Samoa SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 8.2% IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 0.8 thousand Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.3% Females as percentage of immigrants: 46.8% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.1% Top source countries: Australia, France, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Fiji, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 4 5 5 5 6 7 6 7 of which Workers' remittances 0 0 0 0 1 -- -- -- Compensation of employees 4 5 5 5 4 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 3 3 3 3 3 -- -- -- of which Workers' remittances 0 0 0 0 0 -- -- -- Compensation of employees 3 3 3 3 2 -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net ODA received US$0.1 bn, total international reserves US$0.1 bn, exports of goods and ser vices US$0.3 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 255 Venezuela, República Bolivariana de Latin America and the Caribbean UPPER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 28.4 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.7 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 31.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) 12.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 7.4 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 93.7 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 912.1 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 327.2 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 10,150 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 6.0 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 10.0 Age dependency ratio (2009) 54.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 521.5 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 1.8% Top destination countries: the United States, Spain, Colombia, Portugal, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Canada, Chile, Italy, the United Kingdom SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 3.4% Emigration of physicians: 1,136 or 2.4% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 1,007.4 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 3.5% Females as percentage of immigrants: 50.1% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 19.9% Top source countries: Colombia, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Peru, Ecuador, Chile, the Dominican Republic, the Syrian Arab Republic, Cuba Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 208 143 148 165 151 137 131 129 of which Workers' remittances 187 123 128 145 131 117 109 -- Compensation of employees 21 20 20 20 20 20 22 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 209 214 211 257 649 860 581 -- of which Workers' remittances 179 186 183 225 622 832 550 -- Compensation of employees 30 28 28 32 27 28 31 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.3 bn, net ODA received US$0.1 bn, total international reserves US$43.1 bn, exports of goods and services US$95.4 bn in 2008. 256 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Vietnam East Asia and Pacific LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 87.3 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 1.2 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 278.0 Labor force (millions, 2008) 44.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 28.3 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 329.3 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 88.6 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 1,010 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 7.4 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 22.8 Age dependency ratio (2009) 47.2 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 2,226.4 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 2.5% Top destination countries: the United States, Australia, Canada, Cambodia, Germany, France, the Republic of Korea, Japan, the United Kingdom, Thailand SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 27.1% Emigration of physicians: 1,933 or 4.5% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 69.3 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 0.1% Females as percentage of immigrants: 36.6% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 3.4% Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 2,700 3,200 4,000 4,800 5,500 7,200 6,626 7,215 of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- of which Workers' remittances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$9.6 bn, net ODA received US$2.6 bn, total international reserves US$23.9 bn, exports of goods and services US$70.9 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 257 Virgin Islands (U.S.) HIGH-INCOME NON-OECD Population (millions, 2009) 0.1 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.1 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 313.8 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 95.1 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 0.4 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 52.8 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 51.1 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 46.7% Top destination countries: the United States, the Dominican Republic, St. Lucia, Antigua and Barbuda, St. Kitts and Nevis, Netherlands Antilles, the United Kingdom, Canada, Panama, Greece SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Skilled emigration data are currently not available for this country. IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 61.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 56.5% Females as percentage of immigrants: 53.3% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 0.0% Top source countries: the United States, St. Kitts and Nevis, Dominica, Antigua and Barbuda, St. Lucia, the Dominican Republic, Trinidad and Tobago, Haiti, Jamaica, Cayman Islands Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. 258 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 West Bank and Gaza Middle East and North Africa LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 4.0 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 3.3 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 637.5 Labor force (millions, 2008) 0.8 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) 26.0 Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 72.0 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 6.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 91.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 3,013.7 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 68.3% Top destination countries: the Syrian Arab Republic, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, the Arab Republic of Egypt, Libya, the Republic of Yemen, Canada, Iraq, the United Kingdom, Australia SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 7.2% Emigration of physicians: 15 or 0.7% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 1,923.8 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 43.6% Females as percentage of immigrants: 49.2% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 100.0% Top source countries: Israel, Jordan, the Arab Republic of Egypt, the United States, the Syrian Arab Republic, Lebanon, the Republic of Yemen, Tunisia Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 572 638 705 928 1,085 1,220 1,261 1,307 of which Workers' remittances 115 199 156 346 475 468 -- -- Compensation of employees 428 421 487 579 599 738 -- -- Migrants' transfers 29 17 62 3 12 14 -- -- Outward remittance flows 22 13 8 9 9 9 9 -- of which Workers' remittances 21 12 7 8 8 9 -- -- Compensation of employees 1 1 1 1 1 1 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net ODA received US$2.6 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 259 Yemen, Republic of Middle East and North Africa LOWER MIDDLE INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 23.6 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.9 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 43.7 Labor force (millions, 2008) 5.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 31.2 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 528.0 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 24.9 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 1,060 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 3.9 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 17.5 Age dependency ratio (2009) 85.7 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,134.7 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 4.7% Top destination countries: Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, the United States, Israel, Jordan, the United Kingdom, West Bank and Gaza, Sudan, Germany, France SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 6.0% Emigration of physicians: 47 or 1.3% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 517.9 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 2.1% Females as percentage of immigrants: 38.3% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 20.6% Top source countries: Sudan, Somalia, the Arab Republic of Egypt, Iraq, West Bank and Gaza, the Syrian Arab Republic Remittances US$ millions 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 1,270 1,283 1,283 1,283 1,322 1,411 1,378 1,471 of which Workers' remittances 1,270 1,283 1,283 1,283 1,322 1,411 -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 60 108 109 120 319 337 337 -- of which Workers' remittances 60 36 37 41 41 48 -- -- Compensation of employees -- 72 72 80 278 289 -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$1.6 bn, net ODA received US$0.3 bn, total international reserves US$8.2 bn in 2008. 260 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Zambia Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 12.9 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 2.4 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 17.0 Labor force (millions, 2008) 4.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 35.6 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 752.6 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) 11.4 GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) 970 GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) 5.9 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) 64.3 Age dependency ratio (2009) 97.1 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 185.8 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 1.4% Top destination countries: Tanzania, the United Kingdom, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Namibia, the United States, Mozambique, Australia, Canada, New Zealand SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 16.8% Emigration of physicians: (a) 224 or 24.7% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 883 or 56.9% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 1,110 or 9.2% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 233.1 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 1.8% Females as percentage of immigrants: 49.6% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 50.0% Top source countries: Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Zimbabwe, Malawi, India, the Republic of Congo, South Africa, the United Kingdom, Mozambique, the United States Remittances US$ million 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Inward remittance flowsa 36 48 53 58 59 68 68 71 of which Workers' remittances 36 48 53 58 59 68 -- -- Compensation of employees -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Outward remittance flows 72 76 94 115 124 139 66 -- of which Workers' remittances 55 64 77 93 96 110 37 -- Compensation of employees 17 12 17 23 28 29 29 -- Migrants' transfers -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a. For comparison: net FDI inflows US$0.9 bn, net ODA received US$1.1 bn, total international reserves US$1.1 bn, exports of goods and services US$5.3 bn in 2008. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 261 Zimbabwe Sub-Saharan Africa LOW INCOME Population (millions, 2009) 12.5 Population growth (avg. annual %, 2000­09) 0.1 Population density (people per km2, 2008) 32.2 Labor force (millions, 2008) 5.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force, 2008) -- Urban population (% of pop., 2009) 37.8 Surface area (1,000 km2, 2008) 390.8 GNI (US$ billions, 2009) -- GNI per capita, Atlas method (US$, 2009) -- GDP growth (avg. annual %, 2005­09) -- Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop., 2005) -- Age dependency ratio (2009) 78.5 Migration EMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of emigrants: 1,253.1 thousands Stock of emigrants as percentage of population: 9.9% Top destination countries: South Africa, the United Kingdom, Mozambique, Australia, Zambia, the United States, Malawi, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland SKILLED EMIGRATION, 2000 Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population: 12.7% Emigration of physicians: (a) 449 or 30.7% of physicians trained in the country (Source: Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan 2010) (b) 1,602 or 51.1% of physicians born in the country (Source: Clemens and Pettersson 2006) Emigration of nurses: 3,723 or 24.2% of nurses born in the country IMMIGRATION, 2010 Stock of immigrants: 372.3 thousands Stock of immigrants as percentage of population: 2.9% Females as percentage of immigrants: 37.8% Refugees as percentage of immigrants: 1.0% Top source countries: Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, the United Kingdom, South Africa, Botswana Remittances Remittance data are currently not available for this country. 262 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Glossary Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) is the ratio of dependents--people younger than age 15 or older than age 64--to the working-age population. For example, 70 means there are 70 dependents for every 100 working-age people (World Bank). Compensation of employees comprises wages, salaries, and other benefits (in cash or in kind) earned by individuals--in countries other than those in which they are residents--for work performed for and paid for by residents of those countries. Employees, in this context, include seasonal or other short-term workers (less than one year) and border workers who have centers of economic interest in their own countries (IMF 2010b). Emigration rate of tertiary-educated population is the stock of emigrants with at least tertiary education as a fraction of the total tertiary-educated population in the country. Tertiary education refers to more than secondary education--more than high school or 13 years of education (Docquier and Marfouk 2006). Labor force comprises people who meet the International Labour Organization (ILO) definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. Although national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector (ILO, using World Bank population estimates). Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 263 Migrants are persons who move to a country other than that of their usual residence for a period of at least one year, so that the country of destination effectively becomes their new country of usual residence (UNPD). Migrants' transfers are contra-entries to flows of goods and changes in financial items that arise from migration (change of residence for at least one year) of individuals from one country to another. The transfers to be recorded are thus equal to the net worth of the migrants (IMF 2010a). Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line is the percentage of the population living below the national poverty line. Since its World Development Report 1990 (World Bank 1990), the World Bank's "global" poverty measures have usually been based on an international poverty line of about US$1 a day; more precisely, the line is US$32.74 per month, at 1993 international purchasing power parity (World Bank). Refugees are individuals who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, are outside the country of their nationality and are unable or, owing to such fear, are unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of their former habitual residence as a result of such events, are unable or, owing to such fear, are unwilling to return to it. The estimates of refugee populations as of mid-2005 were prepared by the UN Population Division. (UNPD) Remittances are the sum of workers' remittances, compensation of employees, and migrants' transfers (World Bank). Workers' remittances are current transfers by migrants who are considered residents in the destination country (IMF 2010a). 264 Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 ECO-AUDIT Environmental Benefits Statement The World Bank is committed to pre- Saved: serving endangered forests and natural · 16 trees resources. To reduce our carbon footprint, · 5 million BTU of The Office of the Publisher has chosen to total energy print Migration and Remittances Factbook · 1,568 pounds of CO2 2011, 2nd edition on recycled paper with equivalent of 50 percent post-consumer waste, in accord- greenhouse gases ance with the recommended standards for · 7,553 gallons of paper usage set by the Green Press Initiative, wastewater a nonprofit program supporting publishers · 459 pounds of in using fiber that is not sourced from en- solid waste dangered forests. For more information, visit www.greenpressinitiative.org. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 is the new edition of the popular 2008 volume. The factbook presents numbers and facts behind the stories of international migration and remittances, drawing on authoritative, publicly available data. It provides a comprehensive picture of emigration, skilled emigration, immigration, and remittance flows for 210 countries and 15 country groups. Some interesting facts: More than 215 million people, or 3 percent of the world population, live outside their countries of birth. Current migration flows, relative to population, are weaker than those of the last decades of the nineteenth century. The volume of South­South migration (migration between developing countries) is larger than migration from the South to high-income OECD countries. International migration is dominated by voluntary migration, which is driven by economic factors. Refugees and asylum seekers made up 16.3 million, or 8 percent, of international migrants in 2010. Worldwide remittance flows are estimated to have exceeded $440 billion in 2010, of which developing countries received $325 billion. Remittances proved to be resilient during the recent global financial crisis--they fell only 6 percent in 2009 and registered a quick recovery in 2010. The top migrant-destination country is the United States, followed by the Russian Federation, Germany, Saudi Arabia, and Canada. The top immigration countries, relative to population, include Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Andorra, and the Cayman Islands. The Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 is also available online at http://www.worldbank.org/prospects/ migrationandremittances. The Web site also provides updates of data and information on migration and remittances. ISBN 978-0-8213-8218-9 90000 9 780821 382189 SKU 18218