FY 2024 Croatia Country Opinion Survey Report ECR Business Intelligence Team | September 2024 Acknowledgements The Croatia Country Opinion Survey is part of the County Opinion Survey Program series of the World Bank Group. This report was prepared by the Business Intelligence (BI) team, led by José De Buerba (Senior External Affairs Officer) and Svetlana Markova (Senior External Affairs Officer). Yulia Danilina, Jessica Cameron, Nan Lin, and Sofya Gubaydullina oversaw the design, reporting, and analysis of the survey results. Noreen Wambui and Irina Popova provided data support. BI acknowledges the significant contribution from the Croatia country team and independent field agency, Ipsos. In particular, BI is grateful for the support from Vanja Frajtic (External Affairs Officer), who coordinated the survey-related activities from Zagreb, Croatia. Contents Objectives Methodology Overview Executive Summary Overall Context Overall Attitudes Toward the World Bank Group World Bank Group’s Support for Development Areas World Bank Group’s Engagement on the Ground in Croatia World Bank Group’s Financial Instruments and Knowledge Work The Future Role of the World Bank Group in Croatia Communication and Outreach Sample Demographics and Detailed Methodology 3 Objectives This survey was designed to assist the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Croatia perceive the WBG. The survey explored the following questions: 1. Overall Context: How familiar are stakeholders with the WBG? How much do they trust the WBG? 2. Key Indicators: What opinion do key stakeholders have of the WBG regarding its effectiveness, relevance, alignment with Croatia’s development priorities, and other key indicators? Are opinions improving or declining? 3. Development Priorities: What areas of development are perceived to be the most important? Have the priorities changed over the past three years? How effective is the WBG perceived to be in these areas? 4. Engagement on the Ground: How is the WBG perceived as a development partner in Croatia? Are opinions improving or declining? 5. Financial Instruments and Knowledge Work: What do key stakeholders value the most regarding the WBG’s work in Croatia? What opinion do key stakeholders have of WBG financial instruments and knowledge products? Are opinions improving or declining? What are stakeholders’ suggestions for improving WBG’s effectiveness? 6. Communication and Outreach: What are the preferred communication channels? Are there differences among stakeholder groups in terms of preferred channels? 7. Message Recall: What key topics that the WBG communicates do stakeholders recall? Is there a relationship between message recall and views of the WBG’s work? 4 Methodology Overview Government Institution 30% ▪ Fielded April – June 2024 ▪ 1167 potential participants were asked to complete a mostly Academia / Research Centers 19% quantitative survey ▪ Respondents completed the questionnaire online Civil Society Organization 17% ▪ List of names provided by the WBG country team and supplemented by the fielding agency ▪ Process managed on the ground by the fielding agency Private Sector 14% ▪ 302 participants (26% response rate) Local Government Office or Staff 7% ▪ 80% from Zagreb region ▪ 59% currently collaborate with the WBG Bilateral or Multilateral Agency 7% ▪ Compared to FY21 Country Survey Office of the President, Prime Minister, Minister 2% ▪ 156 participants (22% response rate) ▪ 51% collaborated with the WBG Media 2% ▪ 80% from Zagreb region Office of a Parliamentarian 1% Click here for details of the Respondent Sample and Methodology. Which of the following best describes your current affiliation? Q (Select only 1 response) (Percentage of Respondents, N=302) 5 Executive Summary 1. Overall Context: Stakeholder levels of familiarity with the 3. Development Priorities: Public sector governance, anti- WBG in Croatia have slightly increased this year compared to corruption, and judiciary reform were identified as the top areas the FY21 Country Survey results (mean=6.6 on a 10-point where stakeholders would like the WBG to focus its resources, scale); the WBG was rated second in familiarity, surpassed only followed by education and skills, innovation and research and by the European Union / European Commission (mean=8.1). development, and demographic trends. This year’s survey Stakeholder levels of trust in the WBG have increased respondents considered demographic trends and transport a much significantly (from 6.1 in FY21 to 6.9 in FY24). greater priority than respondents in the FY21 survey. 2. Key Indicators: In FY24, several key performance indicators Regarding the WBG’s support in sectoral areas, its work on (KPIs) have improved compared to the FY21 survey results. macroeconomic stability, public sector governance, disaster Specifically, respondents gave significantly higher ratings for the risk management, and private sector development received the WBG’s alignment with Croatia’s development priorities, its highest effectiveness ratings in Croatia. effectiveness in achieving development results, and its positive influence on shaping development policy in the country. Public sector governance 41% Respondents’ ratings for KPIs in Croatia were somewhat lower Anti-corruption 35% than those of other ECA countries surveyed in FY24 and high- Judiciary reform/efficiency 34% income countries surveyed in FY23-FY24. Education & skills 30% Positive influence on shaping 6.9 development policy 6.1 Innovation and research & development 29% Demographic trends 28% Effectiveness in helping Croatia to 6.8 achieve results 6.1 Transport infrastructure 23% Alignment with development priorities 6.8 Poverty reduction, equality of opportunity 23% 6.1 Social protection 20% 6.6 FY24 Relevant role in development Private sector development/business 6.1 FY21 18% environment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Energy 18% Mean Rating 6 Executive Summary (continued) 4. Engagement on the Ground: In FY24, stakeholders gave 5. Financial Instruments and Knowledge Work: Knowledge significantly higher ratings for the WBG being a long-term and analytical products (52%), financial resources (40%), partner in Croatia (mean=7.8), and they perceived the WBG as and technical assistance and implementation support (39%) significantly more open (mean=7.3), accessible (mean=7.3), were considered the WBG’s greatest values to Croatia. and flexible when circumstances change (mean=7.0) than in FY21. The ratings of the WBG’s responsiveness have also Respondents gave significantly higher ratings for the WBG’s improved significantly compared to FY21, but they remain insisting on accountability through its lending (mean=7.9) relatively moderate (mean = 6.7). and effectively monitoring and evaluating its projects (mean=7.8). Ratings of the timeliness of the WBG’s financial Regarding its partnerships, the WBG received consistently high support have slightly decreased, although this decline did not ratings for its collaboration with the national government reach statistical significance (mean=7.0). Ratings of the (mean=7.5) and other donors and development partners financial instruments meeting Croatia’s needs and being (mean=7.3). In addition, the WBG was perceived more positively competitive are relatively moderate compared to other ratings than in FY21 for the effectiveness of its collaboration with the in this category (mean=6.8 and mean=6.7, respectively). private sector (mean=6.5) and civil society (mean=6.2) – both were below 6.0 in FY21. At the same time, the ratings for its Regarding the WBG’s knowledge work, 43% of respondents collaboration with the parliament and local governments were indicated that they had used WBG knowledge, and their the lowest (mean=5.8 and mean=6.1, respectively). perceptions about WBG’s knowledge products were very positive. Specifically, they valued WBG’s knowledge products In the future, stakeholders indicated that the WBG should for their contribution to building Croatia’s institutional capacity collaborate more with academia (40%) and the private sector and bringing global expertise to Croatia (both means=8.0). The (39%) in addition to its partnership with the national government. only rating that has not changed positively this year was the Outreach to respondents from civil society is additionally adequacy of the dissemination of the WBG’s publications. recommended, as these respondents were less familiar with the The mean was 6.7, and it has not changed since FY21. WBG and held some of the most critical views of the Bank’s work and effectiveness. 7 Executive Summary (continued) 6. Communication and Outreach: Stakeholders reported that they prefer to receive communication from the WBG via events/ conferences (in person or online, 61%), e-newsletters (46%), or via direct contact with WBG staff (40%). 7. Message Recall: 57% of respondents recalled seeing or hearing something about the WBG recently, most often about WBG’s economic forecasts (36%) and its work in the areas of climate change (44%), human capital (35%), and poverty reduction and social inclusion (30%). Stakeholders reported most often receiving this information through direct contact with WBG staff (57%) or at the WBG’s events/conferences/seminars (49%). Survey findings suggest that respondents who recall information about the WBG are also more likely to hold significantly more positive views about the WBG’s work, which confirms the importance of meaningful engagement and outreach. When asked about the most important thing the WBG could do to help increase its effectiveness in Croatia, stakeholders emphasized several areas for the WBG focus, including public administration and governance, education, infrastructure and urban development, research & development, business environment, digitalization, and the judiciary. Respondents stressed the need for stronger partnerships with civil society organizations, NGOs, the private sector, and local stakeholders. This includes organizing more frequent events, building their capacity, providing accessible data, and enabling them to participate in decision- making in projects that affect them. Respondents also noted the importance of a more localized, tailored approach from the WBG in Croatia. They called for advisory services, policy reforms, capacity building, and technical assistance to be specifically designed to meet Croatia's needs, challenges, and development objectives. They also suggested that more collaboration with academia and local experts would help generate evidence-based and contextually relevant solutions. In terms of its operational effectiveness, the WBG should be more flexible in decision-making and procedures to adapt to the country’s evolving needs. There should also be more focus on measurement and evaluation to ensure that the projects funded by the WBG are bringing results. Finally, respondents stressed that the WBG needs to increase its visibility in Croatia, especially through media, stakeholder engagement, and more robust dissemination of results and activities. Respondents believe that the public is largely unaware of the WBG’s work and scope, which may diminish the Bank’s impact in the country. 8 9 Overall Context “Enhance collaboration with development and research organizations and improve support programs for technology transfer. Establish ongoing support programs for technology transfer that users can access annually. Implement financial and knowledge support programs for technology transfer offices to strengthen their capabilities and improve services throughout the technology transfer process..” (Academia Respondent) Q In your opinion, what is the most important thing the WBG could do to help increase its effectiveness in Croatia? (N=125) Stakeholders Most Familiar with the Work of the EC/EU, Followed by the WBG European Union / European 8.1 Commission ▪ Respondents in this year’s Country Survey were asked to indicate their familiarity with the work of several 6.6 international organizations and the World Bank Group World Bank Group (WBG). Of these organizations, respondents in Croatia 6.3 indicated the highest levels of familiarity with the work of the European Union/European Commission and the 5.9 World Bank Group. Respondents were least familiar United Nations with the work of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). FY24 European Bank for Reconstruction and 5.7 FY21 Development (EBRD) 5.7 European Investment Bank (EIB) 4.8 International Monetary Fund 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mean Rating of Familiarity How familiar are you with the work of these organizations in Croatia? Q Scale: (1-"Not familiar at all,” 10-"Extremely familiar") 10 Familiarity with the World Bank Group ▪ Comparison of FY21 and FY24: Respondents in this year’s Country Survey reported statistically similar levels of All Respondents 6.6 familiarity with the WBG compared to respondents in the FY21 Survey: Bilateral /Multilateral Agency 8.0 Mean familiarity: FY24 = 6.6 FY21 = 6.3 Private Sector 7.5 ▪ Collaboration with the WBG: Respondents who indicated Government Institutions 6.8 that they collaborate with the WBG reported significantly higher levels of familiarity with the institution’s work: Academia 6.7 Mean familiarity: Collaborate with WBG = 7.6 Do not collaborate = 5.0 Local Government 5.7 ▪ Stakeholders: Respondents from bilateral/multilateral Civil Society 5.1 agencies and the private sector indicated significantly higher familiarity with the WBG than respondents from 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mean Rating of Familiarity other groups. Government Institutions included respondents from the Office of the Prime Minister, Minister, and Government Institutions. How familiar are you with the work of the World Bank Group in Croatia? 11 Q Scale: 1 Not familiar at all – 10 Extremely familiar (N=302) Significant difference between stakeholder groups Trust in the WBG Academia / research centers 7.4 Significantly Increased European Commission / European 7.2 Union* 6.2 7.2 Stakeholders in Croatia had the highest levels of trust in Civil society (e.g., NGOs, CBOs) academia, the EU, civil society, the Croatian National 6.9 Bank, and the WBG. Trust ratings for most institutions Croatian National Bank* 5.8 surveyed in both years were significantly higher in FY24 compared to the FY21 survey. World Bank Group* 6.9 6.1 According to respondents this year, the media and the IMF 6.7 were among the least trusted institutions. Regional development banks* 6.0 ▪ Of note, respondents from bilateral/multilateral agencies, National government* 6.7 FY24 4.5 the private sector, and government institutions reported FY21 significantly higher trust ratings in the WBG (means = 8.8, 6.6 Local government 7.4, and 7.3, respectively) than respondents from other groups. 6.6 Private sector 6.2 6.5 United Nations 6.4 Parliament / legislative branch 6.0 International Monetary Fund 5.8 Media 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 How much do you trust each of the following institutions to do what is right for Croatia? Q Scale: 1 Not at all – 10 Very much (FY24 N=~286; FY21 N=~134) *Significant difference between years Mean Rating of Trust 12 13 Overall Attitudes toward the World Bank Group “Consult extensively in policy and project design with policymakers to make sure that the implementation goes smoothly.” (Private Sector Respondent) “[The WBG should] better adapt to the needs and conditions in the Republic of Croatia and gain a deeper understanding of the way of life and attitudes of the majority of people in the Republic of Croatia” (Government Institution Respondent) Q In your opinion, what is the most important thing the WBG could do to help increase its effectiveness in Croatia? (N=125) The WBG’s Influence, Effectiveness, and Alignment Significantly Improved Positive influence on shaping 6.9 In FY24, respondents gave the highest ratings for the development policy*^ 6.1 WBG’s positive influence on shaping development policy in Croatia. The ratings for WBG’s effectiveness in helping Croatia achieve development results and 6.8 Effectiveness in helping Croatia alignment with development priorities were also achieve results*^^ significantly higher than in FY21. 6.1 Alignment with development 6.8 priorities* FY24 6.1 FY21 6.6 Relevant role in development 6.1 Helps end extreme poverty in 6.4 Croatia The WBG currently plays a relevant role in development in Croatia. Scale: 1 Strongly disagree – 10 Strongly agree The WBG has a positive influence on shaping development policy in Croatia. Scale: 1 Strongly disagree – 10 Strongly agree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Q ^In FY21, the question was: “To what extent does the World Bank Group influence the development agenda in Croatia? Mean Rating Scale: 1 To no degree at all – 10 To a very significant degree How effective is the WBG in helping Croatia achieve development results? Scale: 1 Not effective at all – 10 Very effective *Significant difference ^^Compared to a mean score of the two questions asked in FY21: "Overall, please rate your impression of the WBG’s effectivene ss in Croatia. between years Scale: 1 Not effective at all – 10 Very effective; To what extent does the WBG’s work help to achieve development results in Cro atia? Scale: 1 To no degree at all – 10 To a very significant degree The WBG’s work is aligned with what I consider the development priorities for Croatia. Scale: 1 Strongly disagree – 10 Strongly agree 14 The WBG’s work helps end extreme poverty in Croatia. Scale: 1 Strongly disagree – 10 Strongly agree Stakeholders from 7.3 6.1 Bilateral/Multilateral Trust the WBG to do what is right for Croatia* 5.3 8.8 Agencies Have More 6.7 7.4 Positive Perceptions 6.1 7.3 of WBG Effectiveness in helping Croatia achieve results* 5.7 8.3 6.9 Comparisons of key performance indicators 6.7 ratings between stakeholder groups show 7.2 great variance. In particular, respondents from 6.2 Government Positive influence on 8.4 Institutions bilateral/multilateral agencies tend to give shaping development 5.8 Local Government higher ratings to the WBG across all KPIs. In policy* 6.9 contrast, respondents from civil society and 7.0 Bilateral / Multilateral local governments had lower ratings. Agency 7.2 5.5 Civil Society Alignment with 8.5 development priorities* 5.6 Private Sector 6.9 7.1 Academia 7.0 5.8 Relevant role in 8.3 *Significant development* 5.5 difference between 6.7 stakeholder groups 6.2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mean Rating Q For question wording and scales, please see the previous slide. 15 Familiarity Leads to More Positive Perceptions Trust the WBG to do what is right 6.5 7.9 for Croatia* 5.5 Comparing key performance indicators ratings among respondents highly familiar with the WBG 7.7 Positive influence on shaping (ratings of 8-10 on a 10-point scale) and those with 6.6 development policy* 5.6 little familiarity with the WBG (ratings of 1-4 on a 10- point scale), one can see that the more familiar 7.7 stakeholders are with the WBG, the more positive Effectiveness in helping Croatia 6.5 perceptions they have of the WBG and its work. achieve results* 5.2 Meaningful engagement and outreach can 7.6 Alignment with development continue to increase positive perceptions. 6.6 priorities* 5.2 7.4 Relevant role in development* 6.2 5.4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mean Rating How familiar are you with the work of the WBG in Croatia? High Familiarity (8-10) Some Familiarity (5-7) Low Familiarity (1-4) *Significant difference between levels of familiarity How much do you trust the WBG to do what is right for Croatia? Scale: 1 Not at all – 10 Very much Q How effective is the WBG in helping Croatia achieve development results? Scale: 1 Not effective at all – 10 Very effective The WBG currently plays a relevant role in Croatia. Scale: 1 Strongly disagree – 10 Strongly agree The WBG’s work is aligned with what I consider the development priorities for Croatia. Scale: 1 Strongly disagree – 10 Strongly agree The WBG has a positive influence on shaping development policy in Croatia. Scale: 1 Strongly disagree – 10 Strongly agree 16 Croatia’s Key Performance Indicators are Somewhat Lower than those of Other ECA or High-Income Countries 6.9 Trust the WBG to do what is right for 7.3 Croatia 7.6 6.9 Posititve influence on shaping 6.7 development policy 7.6 6.8 Effectiveness in helping Croatia achieve 7.0 results 7.5 6.8 Alignment with development priorities 7.0 Croatia FY24 7.6 Other HICs^ 6.6 Relevant role in development 6.8 ECA FY24^^ 7.4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mean Rating Q ^ Other High-Income Countries (HICs) FY23-FY24: Chile, Poland, Romania, Seychelles, Uruguay ^^ Europe and Central Asia (ECA) FY24: Bosnia & Herzegovina, Georgia, Moldova, Poland 17 . Aggregated Performance Indicators Respondents from bilateral/multilateral agencies had the All Respondents 6.8 highest mean rating across the aggregated responses to the nineteen COS indicator questions, whereas respondents from civil society had significantly lower Bilateral/Multilateral Agency 8.3 ratings. Government Institutions 7.3 ▪ Collaboration with the WBG: Respondents who indicated that they collaborated with the WBG reported significantly higher ratings across the Private Sector 6.9 aggregated indicator questions than respondents who did not collaborate with the WBG. Academia 6.5 Mean rating: Collaborate with WBG = 7.3 Do not collaborate = 6.1 Local Government 6.2 Civil Society 5.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mean Rating of Aggregated Indicator Questions *Significant difference between stakeholder groups Q All Indicator Questions were asked on a Scale from 1 to 10. Click here for details of these Indicator Questions. 18 19 World Bank Group’s Support for Development Areas “Support Croatian entities in reforming sectoral policies. With reliance on knowledge, innovation, and digital technologies. Encouraging projects that develop the market environment and a more normal income distribution.” (Government Institution Respondent) “Focus on priorities and delineate areas of action that pose the biggest problems in the Republic of Croatia and have the most significant impact on society: the education system, healthcare, and the business environment. Maintain focus.” (Civil Society Organization Respondent) Q In your opinion, what is the most important thing the WBG could do to help increase its effectiveness in Croatia? (N=125) Public sector governance 41% Development Areas Anti-corruption 35% for the WBG’s Focus Judiciary reform/efficiency 34% Education & Skills 30% In FY24, public sector governance, anti-corruption, and Innovation and research and development 29% judiciary reform were identified as the top areas where Demographic trends 28% stakeholders would like the WBG to focus its resources. Transport infrastructure 23% While the top areas were similar to the FY21 findings, Poverty Reduction, equality of opportunity 23% demographic trends and transport were of much greater Social protection 20% priority in FY24. The perceived importance of the WBG Private sector development/ 18% business environment focusing its resources on private sector development has Energy 18% decreased compared to FY21. Regional disparities 18% Of note, poverty reduction and social protection were Environment, natural resource 16% management & biodiversity much higher priorities for respondents from civil society Digital infrastructure development 16% (37%), and demographic trends were a higher priority for respondents from bilateral/multilateral organizations (57%). Agriculture (food security)/rural development 15% Climate change 13% In your opinion, what is the most important thing the Job creation/employment 13% WBG could do to help increase its effectiveness in Gender equality 12% Croatia? Health / pandemic preparedness 12% “More balanced regional development, improved railway Macroeconomic stability & Debt management 10% infrastructure, boosted societal morale, anti-corruption efforts, enhanced judicial efficiency, and empowerment of Disaster risk management 9% young entrepreneurs.” (Academia Respondent) Financial markets 9% Urban development 8% Water / sanitation / solid waste management 5% Which areas should the WBG prioritize to have the most impact on development results in Croatia? 20 Q (Select up to 5) (Percentage of Respondents, N = 296) Effectiveness of WBG’s Sectoral Support 6.6 Macroeconomic stability The WBG’s work on macroeconomic stability received the highest effectiveness ratings, followed by Public sector governance 6.3 6.0 effectiveness in public sector governance, disaster risk management, and private sector development. Earthquake Recovery/disaster risk 6.3 management 5.7 Respondents have the lowest perceived ratings of WBG’s Private sector development & 6.3 Innovation 6.1 efforts in job creation, justice and land administration, and social inclusion. Education 6.2 6.0 Respondents from civil society were the most critical 6.1 FY24 Transport 6.0 about WBG’s work in sectoral areas (overall mean = 5.0). FY21 It should also be noted that respondents from civil society Social protection 6.0 6.0 reported the lowest familiarity levels among the stakeholder groups (mean familiarity = 5.1 out of 10). Environment / natural resource 6.0 management 5.4 Water supply and sanitation 6.0 infrastructure efficiency 5.7 5.9 Social inclusion 5.9 Justice & Land Administration 5.1 5.7 Job creation / employment 5.3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Q How effective has the WBG been at achieving development results in each of these areas in Croatia? Scale: 1 Not effective at all – 10 Very effective (If you have NO exposure to/experience in working in any of the sectors listed below, please respond “Don’t know.”) 21 22 World Bank Group’s Engagement on the Ground in Croatia “More focused on knowledge transfer, to engage in expert work on [the] revision of localization of globally used indicators, UN SDGs - poor indicators coverage - support research work on this, by introducing series of experts' discussion and int'l research groups.” (Civil Society Respondent) “Transparent and clear business rules, meetings with stakeholders in the Republic of Croatia for greater understanding and efficiency of projects, quick reaction to justified changed activities or requests…” (Government Institution Respondent) Q In your opinion, what is the most important thing the WBG could do to help increase its effectiveness in Croatia? (N=125) The WBG is Increasingly Seen as a Long-term Partner In FY24, respondents perceived the WBG as a long-term 7.8 partner in Croatia, with notably higher ratings than in FY21. Being a long-term partner to Croatia* 7.3 Ratings for openness, flexibility, and responsiveness have improved significantly compared to FY21; perceptions of staff accessibility also improved slightly, though not significantly. Access to WBG staff and 7.3 experts 7.0 Openness (sharing data and 7.3 In your opinion, what is the most important thing the FY24 WBG could do to help increase its effectiveness in other information)* 6.7 FY21 Croatia? “To be more flexible in the application of the rules, and to make timely decisions on procurement for goods, works, and Flexibility when circumstances 7.0 services, as well as the availability of expert personnel in that change in Croatia* 5.9 domain.” (Government Institution Respondent) “It should organize more frequent events for civil society Responsiveness to needs in 6.7 organizations and establish more open cooperation with Croatia* 6.2 them.” (Civil Society Respondent) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 To what extent is the WBG an effective development partner in terms of the following? Q Scale: 1 To no degree at all – 10 To a very significant degree ^Compared to the mean of institutional flexibility 23 and flexibility to changes in the country context asked in FY21. The WBG is Seen as Effectively Collaborating with the National Government 7.5 In FY24, respondents perceived the WBG as effectively National government 7.1 collaborating with the national government, other development partners (significantly improved since Other donors and 7.3 FY21), and academia. development partners* 6.3 Since FY21, stakeholder perceptions of the WBG’s collaboration with the private sector have improved 6.8 Academia / research centers significantly, and their views of the WBG’s collaboration with civil society have slightly gone up. 6.5 Collaboration with the parliament/legislative branch was Private sector* 5.7 FY24 viewed as the least effective, with stakeholders from civil FY21 society, the private sector, and local government giving the Civil society (e.g., NGOs, 6.2 lowest ratings (means = 5.4, 5.6, and 5.9, respectively). CBOs) 5.6 In your opinion, what is the most important thing the WBG could do to help increase its effectiveness in 6.1 Local government Croatia? “Detection of the most innovative and agile actors in civil society and the primary sector/startups, and continuous Parliament / legislative 5.8 collaboration with them..” branch (Civil Society Respondent) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mean Rating To what extent is the WBG an effective development partner in Croatia, in terms of collaborating with the following groups? Q Scale: 1 To no degree at all – 10 To a very significant degree 24 Stakeholders Want the WBG to Collaborate More with Academia and the Private Sector Academia / research In addition to its partnership with the national 40% centers government, the WBG should collaborate more with academia and the private sector. Private sector 39% High for respondents from government institutions (39%) Local government 31% Civil society (e.g., NGOs, 28% High for respondents CBOs) from bilateral/ In your opinion, what is the most important multilateral agencies thing the WBG could do to help increase its (41%) effectiveness in Croatia? Other donors and 18% development partners “We would like to see more collaboration with the private sector”. (Government Institution Respondent) Youth organizations 11% “Enhanced collaboration with academic institutions for scientific research and partnership Parliament / legislative with NGOs.” (Civil Society Organization) 11% branch Media 8% In addition to its partnership with the national government, which of the following should the WBG collaborate with more to have greater impact in Q Croatia? (Select up to 2) (Percentage of Respondents, N=282) 25 26 World Bank Group’s Financial Instruments and Knowledge Work “[The WBG] could increase the use of local experts and thus contribute to the long -term strengthening of domestic professional capacities. The goal should be to reduce the long-term use of advisory services by the WBG in the Republic of Croatia and for domestic experts to become partners of the WBG in the transfer of good practices and knowledge in other countries with a lower level of development than the Republic of Croatia.” (Academia Respondent) “Increase the share of action towards the private sector, regardless of the size of the legal entity. This includes providing financing opportunities and organizing workshops and seminars for employee education.” (Private Sector Respondent) Q In your opinion, what is the most important thing the WBG could do to help increase its effectiveness in Croatia? (N=125) Knowledge Products and Knowledge and analytical Financial Resources are products 52% Considered the Bank’s Financial resources 40% Greatest Value Technical assistance and 39% implementation support Capacity development 22% and training Convening / bringing together different groups 14% of stakeholders In your opinion, what is the most important thing the WBG could do to increase its effectiveness in Croatia? Mobilizing third party 12% financial resources “Provision of highly specialized professional services in analyzing and preparing policy guidelines.” (Government Institution Respondent) Development partners 6% coordination Which WBG instruments do you VALUE the most in Croatia? (Select up to 2) Q (Percentage of Respondents, N=297) 27 WBG is Perceived as Insisting on Accountability, and Effectively Monitoring and Evaluating Projects The WBG insists on accountability 7.9 Regarding the WBG’s financial instruments, respondents through its lending* 6.9 were most agreeable that the WBG insists on accountability through its lending and effectively The WBG effectively monitors and monitors and evaluates the projects it supports in 7.8 evaluates the projects it supports in Croatia. These two indicators have significantly improved Croatia* 7.1 since FY21. The WBG’s Environmental and Social 7.3 Framework requirements are Of note, fewer stakeholders believe that the WBG’s reasonable 6.8 financial support is provided in a timely manner compared I am satisfied with the WBG’s 7.3 to FY21. structuring of innovative financing FY24 products FY21 The WBG provides financial support 7.0 In your opinion, what is the most important thing the in a timely manner 7.5 WBG could do to help increase its effectiveness in Croatia? The WBG’s financial instruments 6.8 “Involving a greater number of experts in the project meet the needs of Croatia 6.2 implementation, providing more practical examples, and sharing experiences.” (Government Institution Respondent) The conditions of the WBG’s 6.7 financing are competitive compared to markets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mean Rating Q To what extent do you agree/disagree with the following statements? Scale: 1 Strongly disagree – 10 Strongly agree 28 Perceptions Regarding the WBG Knowledge Work Significantly Improved I anticipate using the WBG’s knowledge 8.1 work in the future Respondents’ perceptions of the WBG’s knowledge work have improved significantly across almost all questions compared to Working with the WBG increases 8.0 Croatia’s institutional capacity * 7.1 FY21. Respondents anticipate using WBG’s knowledge in the future, and they particularly value WBG’s knowledge products for The WBG brings global expertise to 8.0 Croatia as part of its knowledge work*^ 7.2 their contribution to building Croatia’s institutional capacity and for bringing global expertise to Croatia (both means = 8.0). I am satisfied with the quality of the 7.6 WBG’s knowledge work in Croatia Perceptions of the timeliness of the WBG knowledge work and its contribution to development results in Croatia have also The WBG’s publications are translated 7.5 improved significantly. enough into Croatian* 6.6 The WBG’s knowledge work is timely* 7.5 At the same time, respondents less agree with the statement that 6.6 FY24 the WBG’s publications are adequately disseminated (mean = FY21 I am satisfied with the quality of the 7.5 6.7 and haven’t changed since FY21), with stakeholders from WBG’s RAS work in Croatia local government and civil society giving the lowest ratings (means = 5.3 for both groups). When I need to consult the WBG’s 7.3 knowledge work, I know how to find it The WBG’s knowledge work is tailored to 7.2 In your opinion, what is the most important thing the WBG Croatia’s context^^ 6.6 could do to help increase its effectiveness in Croatia? Knowledge work contribution to 7.0 “To enhance public awareness of the mission and activities of the development results* 6.5 WBG in Croatia and its specific projects.” (Academia Respondent) The WBG’s publications are adequately 6.7 disseminated 6.7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Scale: 1 Strongly disagree – 10 Strongly agree Mean Rating Q How significant a contribution do you believe the WBG’s knowledge work makes to development results in Croatia? Scale: 1 Not significant at all – 10 Very significant ^ Compared to "Are a source of relevant information on global good practices" asked in FY21. 29 ^^Compared to "Are adaptable to Croatia’s specific development challenges and country circumstances" in FY21 43% of Respondents Used WBG’s Knowledge Work; Those Who Did Hold Significantly More Positive Views of WBG’s Knowledge The WBG brings global expertise to Croatia 8.3 Four in ten respondents reported that they had as part of its knowledge work* 7.5 used the WBG’s knowledge work in the past. I anticipate using the WBG’s knowledge 8.2 work in the future* 8.0 Working with the WBG increases Croatia’s 8.2 institutional capacity* 7.8 I am satisfied with the quality of the WBG’s 8.0 knowledge work in Croatia* 6.5 I am satisfied with the quality of the WBG’s 7.8 RAS work in Croatia* 6.7 Yes Have you ever 43% used the WBG’s The WBG’s knowledge work is timely* 7.7 Have you used 6.9 knowledge WBG’s No The WBG’s publications are translated 7.6 knowledge work? 57% work? enough into Croatian* 7.3 Yes When I need to consult the WBG’s 7.5 knowledge work, I know how to find it* 6.8 No The WBG’s knowledge work is tailored to 7.5 Croatia’s context* 6.5 The WBG’s publications are adequately 7.2 disseminated* 5.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mean Rating Have you ever used the WBG’s knowledge work, including participating in workshops or training programs? (Percentage of Respon dents, N=278) Q To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Scale: 1 Strongly disagree – 10 Strongly agree 30 31 The Future Role of the World Bank Group in Croatia “To make your work and goals more accessible to the general public, providing them with better insight.” (Respondent from Office of the President, Prime Minister, Minister) “Communicate results to a wider audience more frequently. This could help to build political pressure.” (Academia Respondent) Q In your opinion, what is the most important thing the WBG could do to help increase its effectiveness in Croatia? (N=125) How can the WBG increase its effectiveness? Open Ended Responses • Education and human development Engagement • Collaborate more with local civil society for Focus Area better needs assessment, generating context- • Infrastructure, including digital development 22% • Agriculture development (irrigation and water 18% specific solutions, project implementation, and management M&E • Public sector governance and anticorruption • Work with the private sector and facilitate Focus Engagement public-private dialogue Area Communication • Address low levels of awareness about WBG’s work in the population • Better alignment with country needs and 9% • Better communication channels with Operational Operational government plans stakeholders Communication Effectiveness Effectiveness • More reliance on local experts and advisors 17% • Training of local experts to support implementation; robust M&E Financial • More financing, particularly directly at the Results Support local level Financial Knowledge 11% Support Knowledge • More research and data 13% • Capacity development, particularly for implementing agencies and at the local level Results • Robust M&E, consensus with local • Capacity development for NGOs, academia, and stakeholders on indicators 10% • Involve civil society for greater transparency private sector • Build the capacity of local experts • Provide more training and technical support In your opinion, what is the most important thing the World Bank Group could do to increase its effectiveness in Namibia? (N=125) Q *All percentages are counted based on the total number of topics mentioned by the respondents; individual comments could be counted multiple times depending on the number of topics they cover. 32 How can the WBG increase its effectiveness? Open Ended Responses Engagement Focus Area “Involve domestic experts to a greater extent because foreigners sometimes have a “The World Bank should prioritize investing in politically unpopular but necessary projects, complete misunderstanding of the domestic context.” such as renewing water supply and drainage systems, and maintaining transport (Academia Respondent) infrastructure in proper condition, with a focus on railways. It is also important to allocate “Create programs for decentralization, including building local capacity to participate in World Bank funds to projects that can lead to long-term growth, such as investing in decision-making activities starting with migration of national bodies outside the main city industrial production and the production of healthy food.” and improving conditions for non-governmental organizations to participate in development (Civil Society Respondent) policies i.e. to create a fund that will cover the real cost of NGOs to participate in democratic processes (staff and travel) and creating an experimental program where professional “To focus our knowledge and experience more on young people in order to empower networks including NGOs are challenged to develop solutions..” them, enhance their understanding of policies, and increase their involvement in the (Civil Society Respondent) development of the Republic of Croatia. This effort should be directed towards politicians involved in the government and other influential figures impacting the country's “Be more tailor-made to listen more to our needs instead of putting our needs in [an] already predefined framework. In many cases, a lot of time is given to the experience of other development.” (Government Institution) countries, many of which are not comparable to Croatia. This takes a lot of time and capacity and could be frustrating.” (Government Institution Respondent) Operational Effectiveness “To be more flexible in the application of the rules, and to make timely decisions on procurement for goods, works, and services, as well as the availability of expert Communication personnel in that domain.” (Government Institution Respondent) “WBG could be more visible and more present in terms of information about what it does, what services it offers, where to find more information about it." “Transparent and clear business rules, meetings with stakeholders in the Republic of (Local Government Office) Croatia for greater understanding and efficiency of projects, quick reaction to justified changed activities or requests…” (Government Institution Respondent) Q In your opinion, what is the most important thing the World Bank Group could do to increase its effectiveness in Namibia? (N=125) 33 34 Communication and Outreach “It is important for the organization to have a stronger presence and better connection with regional management, which consists of counties, in the Republic of Croatia. The organization should also be more active in showcasing its work and initiatives in the media. Additionally, the organization should distribute its publications and host workshops and conferences, inviting regional coordinators who are most knowledgeable about the development challenges in their respective regions to participate.” (Local Government Respondent) Q In your opinion, what is the most important thing the WBG could do to help increase its effectiveness in Croatia? (N=125) WBG Events and e-Newsletters were Most Preferred Channels for Receiving WBG Communication A majority of respondents preferred receiving the Bank’s communications at the WBG events (in person or online), through e-newsletters, and through direct contact with staff. Preferred WBG Channel Bilateral / Broader Civil All Government Sub National Multilateral Society Respondents Institutions Government Agency Organizations Private Sector Event / conference / seminar / 60.7% 61.5% 68.4% 68.8% 52.2% 66.7% workshop (in person or online) e-Newsletters* 45.9% 33.0% 57.9% 43.8% 45.7% 61.1% Direct contact with staff (e.g., in person, 40.4% 50.5% 21.1% 43.8% 34.8% 30.6% virtually, phone, email) Social media (e.g., Facebook, X 14.1% 9.9% 5.3% 0.0% 30.4% 5.6% (former Twitter))* Direct messaging (e.g., WhatsApp, 10.0% 6.6% 26.3% 18.8% 4.3% 16.7% Viber)* How would you prefer to receive communication from the WBG? (Select up to 2) Q (Percentage of Respondents, N=270) 35 Almost 6 in 10 Direct contact with WBG staff 57% Respondents Recalled Event / conference / seminar (in person or 49% Seeing or Hearing online) Information About the Newspapers (print or online) 22% WBG Social media 22% 57% of respondents recalled seeing or hearing Television (TV) 19% something about the WBG recently. Respondents most often reported seeing that WBG websites 18% information through direct contact, WBG’s events/conferences/seminars. e-Newsletters 8% Direct messaging 3% Other 1% Radio 1% Blogs 1% Do you recall seeing or hearing anything about the WBG recently? (N=168) Q Where do you recall seeing or hearing this information? (Select ALL that apply) (Percentage of Respondents, N=123) 36 WBG Economic Forecasts and WBG’s Work on Human Capital were Recalled Most Often Respondents most frequently recalled WBG economic forecasts and its work on human capital. They also frequently recalled the WBG’s work or research on poverty reduction and productivity. WBG’s work or research on... WBG economic forecasts 36% Human capital (education, health) 35% Poverty Reduction and social inclusion 30% Productivity 29% Public administration effectiveness 27% Climate change 24% Digital economy 17% Other 13% Job creation / employment 13% Women empowerment 9% Migration 8% Pandemic preparedness 5% Changes to the WBG financial and operational model 5% Youth development 4% Q What topics were included in what you saw or heard about WBG’s work or research? (Select ALL that apply) (Percentage of Respondents, N=155) 37 Climate Change Communications can be More Impactful when Related to Stakeholders’ Top Concerns: More Frequent and Severe Heatwaves and Droughts More than two-thirds of respondents were very concerned about more frequent and severe heatwaves and droughts as potential impacts of climate change in Croatia. Wild fires and more frequent/severe floods were also of great concern to respondents. These key areas of concern should be considered to make communications about climate change more impactful. Not at all A little Somewhat concerned Very concerned More frequent and severe heatwaves 66% More frequent and severe droughts 65% More frequent and intense wild fires 57% More frequent and severe floods 56% Decreased crop yields / increased food insecurity 55% Air pollution 52% Decreased water availability / quality 51% Extinction of plant / animal species 48% Land and forest degradation 48% Climate-driven migration 39% Coastal flooding due to sea level rise 38% Loss of jobs 36% Increased erosion of shoreline 34% Q How concerned are you about the following potential impacts of climate change in Croatia? (Percentage of Respondents, N=~270) 38 39 Sample Demographics and Detailed Methodology Sample Demographics What is the primary specialization Do you of your work? (N=266) collaborate/work Public sector governance 16% with the World Bank Group (WBG) No Other 15% 41% in Croatia? Generalist (specialize in multiple sectors) 14% (N=302) Yes 59% Education 12% Social protection 9% Macroeconomics, fiscal / debt management 6% Private sector development / trade 6% Legal / human rights 6% Digital development 3% International Finance Corporation (IFC) 8% Environment / natural resource management 3% Which of the Energy 3% following WBG Agriculture and food security 2% agencies do you collaborate/work Transport 2% with in Croatia? Gender equity 2% (N=179) Urban development 1% World Bank (IBRD) Climate change 1% 98% Water / sanitation 0% 40 Sample Demographics (continued) What is your gender? What’s your age? (N=270) (N=272) Prefer not to 46-55 Other 40% specify 1% 4% 36-45 28% 56 and above 20% Female Male 53% 43% 26-35 7% Prefer not to specify 4% Other urban region, 10.0% Coastal region, 6.7% Which best represents your geographic Croatia location? (N=269) Zagreb region, 79.6% 41 Detailed Methodology From April 2024 to June 2024, a total of 1167 stakeholders in Croatia were invited to Percentage of Respondents FY 2021 FY 2024 provide their opinions on the WBG’s work by participating in a Country Opinion Survey Government Principals: Office of the (COS). A list of potential participants was compiled by the WBG country team and the President, Prime Minister, Minister, 3% 2% Parliamentarian fielding agency. Participants were drawn from the Office of the President, Prime Minister, Government Institutions: Employee of a Minister, and Parliament, government institutions, local governments, bilateral and Ministry, Department, Project Implementation multilateral agencies, the private sector, civil society, academia, and the media. Unit, Independent Government Institution, 44% 30% Judiciary, State-Owned Enterprise Of these stakeholders, 302 participated in the survey (26% response rate). Respondents completed the questionnaire via an online platform. Local Government 8% 7% Bilateral/Multilateral Agency: Embassy, This year’s survey results were compared to the FY21 Survey, which had a Development Organization, Development 10% 7% response rate of 22% (N=156). Bank, UN Agency Civil Society Organization: Local and Comparing responses across Country Surveys reflects changes in attitudes over time and regional NGOs, Community-Based changes in respondent samples, methodology, and the survey instrument. To reduce the Organization, Private Foundation, 14% 17% influence of the latter factor, only questions with similar response scales/options were Professional/Trade Association, analyzed. This year’s survey saw much greater outreach to and/or response from civil Faith-Based Group, Youth Group society organizations and academia but a decrease from government institutions and Private Sector: Private Company, Financial bilateral/multilateral organizations. These differences in stakeholder composition between 5% 14% Sector Organization, Private Bank the two years should be considered when interpreting the results of the past-year comparison analyses. Academia/Research Center 11% 19% Key statistically significant findings (tested at the research standard of p < .05) are noted Media 1% 2% throughout the report. Other 5% 1% Breakdowns for individual questions by stakeholder group can be found in the “Croatia Total Number of Respondents 155 302 COS FY24 Appendices with data breakdowns.xlsx” file published in the WBG Microdata Library, along with the survey microdata and this report. Q Which of the following best describes your current affiliation? (Select only 1 response) 42 Indicator Questions Every country that engages in the Country Opinion Survey (COS) must include specific indicator questions, several of which are aggregated for the World Bank Group’s annual Corporate Scorecard and are highlighted in red below. A1_5. How much do you trust the World Bank Group to do what is right for Croatia? Scale: 1 Not at all – 10 Very much A2. How effective is the World Bank Group in helping Croatia achieve development results? Scale: 1 Not effective at all – 10 Very effective A3. How significant a contribution do you believe the WBG's knowledge work make to development results in Croatia? Scale: 1 Not significant at all – 10 Very significant To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Scale: 1 Strongly disagree – 10 Strongly agree A4. The WBG currently plays a relevant role in development in Croatia. A5. The WBG’s work is aligned with what I consider the development priorities for Croatia. A6. The WBG has a positive influence on shaping development policy in Croatia A7. The WBG’s work helps end extreme poverty in Croatia To what extent is the WBG an effective development partner in terms of each of the following? Scale: 1 To no degree at all – 10 To a very significant degree C1_1. Responsiveness to needs in Croatia C1_2. Access to WBG staff and experts C1_3. Flexibility when circumstances change in Croatia C1_5. Being a long-term partner to Croatia To what extent is the WBG an effective development partner in Croatia, in terms of collaborating with the following groups: Scale: 1 To no degree at all – 10 To a very significant degree C2_1. National government C2_3. Private sector C2_4. Civil society C2_5. Other donor and development partners To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Scale: 1 Strongly disagree – 10 Strongly agree C4_1. The WBG’s financial instruments (i.e., budget support, loans, grants, trust funds) meet the needs of Croatia. C4_3. The WBG provides financial support in a timely manner. C6_1. I am satisfied with the quality of the WBG’s knowledge work in Croatia. C6_4. The WBG’s knowledge work is tailored to Croatia’s context. 43 Thank you For more information about this report or the Country Opinion Survey program, please contact: countrysurveys@worldbankgroup.org