- - '. ~~- I I||N l . . .- . . . . . . .t a . the World Bank JhIv s I f ]_= _ s __~~0 ;- r~~~~~~~~~~~~~I ~~.4'' 0'' , m tA L ,s L African Development Indicators 2003 The World Bank Washington, D.C. C 2003 The Intemational Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 Telephone 202-473-1000 Intemet www.worldbank.org E-mail feedback@worldbank.org All rights reserved. 1 2 3 4 05 04 03 The findigs, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessanly reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data mcluded in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map m this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundanes. 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ISBN 0-8213-5453-1 ISSN 1020-2927 Contents Foreword xxi Acknowledgments xxiii Preface xxiv Acronyms and Abbreviations xxv Introduction I 1. Selected Background Data 4 1-1. Basic indicators 5 1-2. Population 6 Technical notes 10 2. National Accounts 13 2-1. Gross domestic product, real 15 2-2. Value added in agriculture 16 2-3. Value added in industry 17 2-4. Value added in services 18 2-5. Gross domestic product, nominal 19 2-6 Total consumption 20 2-7. General govemment consumption 21 2-8. Gross domestic investment 22 2-9. Gross public investment 23 2-10. Gross private investment 24 iv Contents 2-11. Gross domestic savings 25 2-12. Gross national savings 26 2-13. Resource balance 27 2-14. Exports of goods and nonfactor services, nominal 28 2-15. Imports of goods and nonfactor services, nominal 29 2-16. Exports of goods and nonfactor services, real 30 2-17. Imports of goods and nonfactor services, real 31 2-18. GDP growth 32 2-19. Gross National Income (GNI) per capita 33 2-20. Total consumption per capita 34 Technical notes 38 3. Prices and Exchange Rates 41 3-1. GDP deflator (local currency series) 42 3-2. GDP deflator (U.S. dollar series) 43 3-3. Consumer price index 44 3-4. Official exchange rate 45 3-5. SDR exchange rate index 46 3-6. Currency conversion factor 47 3-7. Parallel market exchange rate 48 3-8. Ratio of parallel market to official exchange rates 49 3-9. Real effective exchange rate index 50 Technical notes 52 4. Money and Banking 55 4-1. Domestic credit 56 4-2. Credit to the private sector 57 4-3. Credit to the govemment 58 4-4. Net foreign assets 59 4-5. Growth of money supply 60 4-6. Discount rate 61 4-7. Real discount rate 62 4-8. Commercial bank lending rate 63 4-9. Commercial bank deposit rate 64 Technical notes 67 5. External Sector 70 Balance of Payments 5-1. Merchandise exports, f.o.b. 72 5-2. Merchandise imports, f.o.b. 73 5-3. Exports of total services (nonfactor and factor) 74 5-4. Imports of total services (nonfactor and factor) 75 5-5. Net pnvate transfers 76 5-6. Net official current transfers 77 5-7. Current account balance, excluding net capital grants 78 Contents v 5-8. Current account balance, excluding net capital grants/GDP 79 5-9. Net capital grants 80 5-10. Net foreign direct investment 81 5-11. Net long-term borrowing 82 5-12. Other capital flows 83 5-13. Use of reserves 84 5-14. Import coverage ratio of reserves 85 Prices 5-15. Export unit values 86 5-16. Import unit values 87 5-17. Terms of trade 88 Commodity Trade 5-18. Forest products exports 89 5-19. Petroleum exports 90 5-20. Copper exports 91 5-21. Iron exports 92 5-22 Phosphate exports 93 5-23. Cocoa exports 94 5-24. Coffee exports 95 5-25. Cotton exports 96 5-26. Groundnut exports 97 5-27. Oil palm products exports 98 5-28. Sisal exports 99 5-29. Tea exports 100 5-30. Sugar exports 101 5-31. Tobacco exports 102 5-32. Meat exports 103 5-33. Manufactured goods exports 104 5-34. Manufactured goods exports, growth 105 5-35. Food imports 106 5-36. Food imports, growth 107 5-37. Nonfood consumer goods imports 108 5-38. Nonfood consumer goods imports, growth 109 5-39. Fuel imports 110 5-40. Fuel imports, growth 111 5-41. Primary intermediate goods imports 112 5-42. Primary intermediate goods imports, growth 113 5-43. Manufactured goods imports 114 5-44. Manufactured goods imports, growth 115 5-45. Capital goods imports 116 5-46. Capital goods imports, growth 117 5-47. Direction of trade matrix, imports, 1991 118 5-48. Direction of trade matrix, imports, 1996 121 5-49. Direction of trade matrix, imports, 2001 124 vi Contents 5-50. Direction of trade matrix, exports, 1991 127 5-51. Direction of trade matrix, exports, 1996 130 5-52. Direction of trade matrix, exports, 2001 133 5-53. Direction of trade matrix, current U.S. dollars, 1991 136 5-54. Direction of trade matrix, current U.S. dollars, 1996 139 5-55 Direction of trade matrix, current U.S. dollars, 2001 142 Technical notes 146 6. External Debt and Related Flows 151 6-1. Gross disbursements: official concessional long-term loans 153 6-2. Gross disbursements: official nonconcessional long-term loans 154 6-3. Gross disbursements: private long-term loans 155 6-4. Disbursements: long-term loans and IMF purchases 156 6-5. Amortization: official concessional long-term loans 157 6-6. Amortization: official nonconcessional long-term loans 158 6-7. Amortization: private long-term loans 159 6-8. Amortization: long-term loans and IMF repurchases 160 6-9. Interest payments: official concessional long-term loans 161 6-10. Interest payments: official nonconcessional long-term loans 162 6-11. Interest payments: private long-term loans 163 6-12. Interest payments: long-term loans and IMF charges 164 6-13. Total external debt service payments: long-term loans and IMF credit 165 6-14. Interest payments: short-term loans 166 6-15. Net flows: long- and short-term loans, including IMF 167 6-16. Net flows: long-term loans, including IMF 168 6-17. Net transfers: long- and short-term loans, including IMF 169 6-18. Net transfers: long-term loans, including IMF 170 6-19. Long-term debt: official concessional 171 6-20. Long-term debt: official nonconcessional 172 6-21. Long-term debt: private 173 6-22. Total external debt 174 6-23. Structure of external debt 175 6-24. Structure of external debt service payments 176 6-25. Terms of long-term external financing, 2001 177 6-26. External debt and debt service ratios, 2001 178 Technical notes 181 7. Government Finance 184 7-1. Government deficit/surplus (including grants) 186 7-2. Government deficit/surplus (excluding grants) 187 7-3. Government primary deficit/surplus (-t+) 188 7-4. Government expenditure and lending minus repayments 189 7-5. Government interest payments 190 7-6. Government revenue (excluding grants) 191 7-7. Grants to government 192 Contents vii 7-8. Foreign financing 193 7-9. Taxes on income and profits 194 7-10. Taxes on international trade and transactions 195 7-11. Indirect taxes 196 7-12. Nontax revenue, excluding grants 197 7-13. Government expenditure: wages and salaries 198 7-14. Government expenditure: trends in real wages and salanes 199 7-15. Govermment expenditure: other goods and services 200 7-16. Government expenditure: interest payments 201 7-17. Government expenditure: subsidies and current transfers 202 7-18. Government expenditure: capital and net lending 203 7-19. Govemment expenditure: trends in real defense spending 204 7-20. Government expenditure: real per capita education spending 205 Technical notes 207 8. Agriculture 211 8-1. Nominal producer prices 212 8-2. Food price index 218 8-3. Food production index 219 8-4. Nonfood production index 220 8-5. Food production per capita index 221 8-6. Volume of food output, by major food crop 222 8-7. Value of agricultural exports 226 8-8. Cereal production 227 8-9. Crop production index 228 8-10. Fertilizer use 229 8-11. Fertilizer imports 230 8-12. Area under permanent crops 231 8-13. Agricultural yields, by major crop 232 8-14. Incidence of drought 237 Technical notes 243 9. Power, Communications, and Transportation 246 9-1. Electric power consumption per capita 247 9-2. Energy production and use 248 9-3. Telephone, radio, and television availability, 1995-2000 249 9-4. Personal computers and Internet use 250 9-5. Vehicle ownership 251 9-6. Road-to-population ratio 252 9-7. Paved primary roads 253 9-8. Rail goods traffic-to-$PPP GDP ratio 254 9-9. Rail load-to-locomotive ratio 255 9-10. Air transport 256 Technical notes 257 viii Contents 10. Privatization of Public Enterprises 260 10-1. Summary of privatization of public enterprises 261 10-2. Divestiture methods employed (to end 2001) 262 10-3. Progress in privatization: ownership and control changes 263 Technical notes 264 11. Labor Force and Employment 267 11-1. Number and gender structure of the labor force 269 11-2. Children under 14 working in the labor force 270 11-3. Unpaid family workers as share of active workers 271 11-4. Industrial structure of the labor force 272 11-5. Industrial structure of economically active population 273 11-6. Wages in agriculture 274 11-7. Wages in manufacturing 275 11-8. Wages in mining and quarrying 276 11-9. Wages in construction 277 11-10. Wages in transport, storage, and communications 278 11-11. Wages in community, social, and personal services 279 Technical notes 280 12. Aid Flows 284 12-1. Net ODA from all donors, nominal 285 12-2. Net ODA from DAC donors, nominal 286 12-3. Net ODA from non-DAC bilateral donors, nominal 287 12-4. Net ODA from multilateral donors, nominal 288 12-5. Net ODA from all donors, real 289 12-6. Net ODA from DAC donors, real 290 12-7. Net ODA from non-DAC bilateral donors, real 291 12-8. Net ODA from multilateral donors, real 292 12-9. Net ODA from all donors as share of recipient GDP 293 12-10. Net ODA from DAC donors as share of recipient GDP 294 12-11. Net ODA from multilateral donors as share of recipient GDP 295 12-12. Net ODA from all donors as share of recipient GDI 296 12-13. Net ODA from DAC donors as share of recipient GDI 297 12-14. Net ODA from multilateral donors as share of recipient GDI 298 12-15. Net ODA per capita from all donors 299 12-16. Net ODA per capita from DAC donors 300 12-17. Net ODA per capita from multilateral donors 301 Technical notes 304 13. Social Indicators 307 13-1. Age and gender structure of the population 309 13-2. Poverty 310 13-3. Income distribution 311 Contents ix 13-4. Urbanization 312 13-5. Components of population change 313 13-6. Survival prospects 314 13-7 HIV/AIDS estimates and data, end 2001 315 13-8. Immunization and ORT use 316 13-9. Child malnutrition 317 13-10. Access to sanitation facilities 318 13-11. Access to safe water 319 13-12. Health expenditure 320 13-13. Health care 321 13-14. Illiteracy rate 322 13-15. Primary school gross enrollment ratio 323 13-16. Pupil progression 324 13-17. Net primary enrollment ratio 325 13-18. Number of schoolteachers 326 13-19. Pupil/teacher ratio 327 13-20. Secondary school gross enrollment ratio 328 13-21. Public expenditure on education 329 13-22. Economic opportunities of women 330 13-23. Household and economic participation of women 331 Technical notes 337 14. Environmental Indicators 342 14-1. Forest resources, 1990-2000 344 14-2. Forest ecosystems, 1990-99 345 14-3. Wood production and trade, 1986-98 346 14-4. Freshwater resources and withdrawals, 1977-2001 347 14-5. Marine and freshwater catches, aquaculture, balance of trade, and fish consumption 348 14-6. Energy production by source 349 14-7. Energy consumption by economic sector 350 14-8. CO2 emissions from industrial processes, 1998 351 14-9. Globally threatened species: mammals, birds, and higher plants, late 1990s 352 14-10. Globally threatened species: reptiles, amphibians, and fish, late 1990s 353 14-11. National protection of natural areas, 2001 354 14-12. Intemational protected areas, 2001 355 Technical notes 356 15. The Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative 361 15-1. HIPC Debt Initiative: Flow chart 363 15-2. Grouping of African HIPC countries: status as of February 2003 364 15-3. External debt service for individual African HIPCs that reached decision points, by country, 1998-2005 365 15-4. Committed debt relief and outlook for African HIPCs, status as of February 2003 367 15-5. Social expenditure for African HIPCs that reached decision points 368 Technical notes 371 x Contents 16. Household Welfare 372 16-1. Burkina Faso 374 16-2. Burundi 376 16-3. Cameroon 378 16-4. C6te d'Ivoire 380 16-5. Ethiopia 382 16-6. Gambia, The 384 16-7. Ghana 386 16-8. Kenya 388 16-9. Madagascar 390 16-10. Malawi 392 16-11. Mozambique 394 16-12. Sao Tom6 and Principe 396 16-13. Uganda 398 16-14. Zambia 400 Technical Notes 402 Bibliography 407 Figures 1-1. Development diamonds for all African countries, 2001 7 1-2. Selected basic indicators, 2001 9 2-1. Gross domestic product, 2001 35 2-2. GDP and export growth rates, average 2000-2001 36 2-3. Composition of GDP, 2001 37 3-1. Real effective exchange rate, 2001 51 4-1. Credit to private and public sectors as a share of GDP, 2001 65 4-2. Real discount rate, average 1992-2001 66 5-1. Terms of trade gains and losses, average 1992-2001 145 6-1. Debt service ratio (ex post), 2001 179 6-2. Debt to GDP ratio, 2001 180 7.1 Government deficit as percentage of GDP, 1992-2001 206 8-1. Food price index, 2000 238 8-2. Food production per capita index, 2001 239 8-3. Food and nonfood production index, 2001 240 8-4. Agricultural exports, 1998 241 Contents xi 8-5. Drought, 1980-2000 242 12-1. Total net ODA as a share of recipient GDP, 2001 302 12-2. Total net ODA per capita, 2001 303 13-1. Life expectancy, 2000 332 13-2. GDP per capita based on PPP, 2001 333 13-3. Urban population as a percentage of total population, 2001 334 13-4. Primary school gross enrollment ratio, 1999 335 13-5. Maternal mortality, 2000 336 15-1. Nominal debt service relief for African decision point countries 370 TfaMe d1es made' Avant-propos xxi Remerciements xxiii Preface xxiv Acronymes et abreviations xxv Introduction 1 1. Statisques de base 4 1-1. Indicateurs generaux 5 1-2. Population 6 Notes techniques 10 2. Comptes nationaux 13 2-1. Produit interieur brut, a prix constants 15 2-2. Valuer ajoutee dans l'agriculture 16 2-3. Valuer ajoutee dans l'industrie 17 2-4. Valuer ajoutee dans les services 18 2-5. Produit interieur brut, a prix courants 19 2-6. Consommation totale 20 2-7. Consommation du gouvernement central 21 2-8. Investissement brut 22 2-9. Investissement brut de l'Etat 23 2-10. Investissement brut du secteur prive 24 2-11. Epargne interieure brute 25 2-12. Epargne nationale brute 26 xii Table des matieres xiii 2-13. Solde des ressources 27 2-14. Exportations de biens et services (non facteurs), A prix courants 28 2-15. Importations de biens et services (non facteurs), A prix courants 29 2-16. Exportations de biens et services (non facteurs), A prix constants 30 2-17. Importations de biens et services (non facteurs), A pnx constants 31 2-18. Croissance du PIB 32 2-19. Revenu national brut par habitant 33 2-20. Consommation totale par habitant 34 Notes techniques 38 3. Prix et taux de change 41 3-1. Deflateur du PIB (serie en monnaie locale) 42 3-2. Deflateur du PIB (serie en dollar des Etats-Unis) 43 3-3. Indice des pnx A la consommation 44 3-4. Taux de change officiel 45 3-5. Indice de taux de change du DTS 46 3-6. Facteur de conversion des monnaies 47 3-7. Taux de change sur les marches paralleles 48 3-8. Rapport du taux de change parallele et du taux de change officiel 49 3-9. Taux de change effectif reel 50 Notes techniques 52 4. Monnaie et banque 55 4-1. Credit interieur 56 4-2. Credit au secteur prive 57 4-3. Credit au gouvemement 58 4-4. Avoirs exterieurs nets 59 4-5. Croissance de la masse monetaire 60 4-6. Taux d'escompte 61 4-7. Taux d'escompte reel 62 4-8. Taux debiteur des banques commerciales 63 4-9. Taux de remuneration des dep6ts dans les banques commerciales 64 Notes techniques 67 5. Secteur exterieur 70 Balance des paiements 5-1. Exportations de marchandises, f.o.b. 72 5-2. Importations de marchandises, f.o.b. 73 5-3. Exportations totales de services (nonfacteur et facteur) 74 5-4. Importations totales de services (nonfacteur et facteur) 75 5-5. Transferts prives nets 76 5-6. Transferts courants officiels nets 77 5-7. Solde des transactions courantes, hors transferts nets en capital 78 5-8. Solde des transactions courantes, hors transferts nets en capital, PIB 79 5-9. Transferts nets en capital 80 5-10. Investissements directs nets 81 5-11. Emprunts A long terme nets 82 xiv Table des matieres 5-12. Autres flux de capitaux 83 5-13. Utilisation des reserves 84 5-14. Taux de couverture des importations 85 Prix 5-15. Valeurs unitaires des exportations 86 5-16. Valeurs unitaires des importations 87 5-17. Termes de l'echange 88 Commerce de marchandises 5-18. Exportations de produits forestiers 89 5-19. Exportations de petrole 90 5-20. Exportations de cuivre 91 5-21. Exportations de fer 92 5-22. Exportations de phosphates 93 5-23. Exportations de cacao 94 5-24. Exportations de cafe 95 5-25. Exportations de coton 96 5-26. Exportations d'arachides 97 5-27. Exportations d'huile de palme et produits derives 98 5-28. Exportations de sisal 99 5-29. Exportations de the 100 5-30. Exportations de sucre 101 5-31. Exportation de tabac 102 5-32. Exportations de viande 103 5-33. Exportations de produits manufactures 104 5-34. Exportations de produits manufactures, taux de croissance 105 5-35. Importations de produits alimentaires 106 5-36. Importations de produits alimentaires, taux de croissance 107 5-37. Importations d'autres biens de consommation 108 5-38. Importations d'autres biens de consommation, taux de croissance 109 5-39. Importations de carburants 110 5-40. Importations de carburants, taux de croissance 111 5-41. Importations de biens de consommation intermediaires primaires 112 5-42. Importations de biens de consommation intermediaires primaires, taux de croissance 113 5-43. Importations de produits manufactures 114 5-44. Importations de produits manufactures, taux de croissance 115 5-45. Importations de biens d'equipement 116 5-46. Importations de biens d'equipement, taux de croissance 117 5-47. Matrice de directions du commerce, importations, 1991 118 5-48. Matrice de directions du commerce, importations, 1996 121 5-49. Matrice de directions du commerce, importations, 2001 124 5-50. Matrice de directions du commerce, exportations, 1991 127 5-51. Matrice de directions du commerce, exportations, 1996 130 5-52. Matrice de directions du commerce, exportations, 2001 133 Table des matieres xv 5-53. Matrice de directions du commerce, A prix courants en dollar des Etats-Unis, 1991 136 5-54. Matrice de directions du commerce, A pnx courants en dollar des Etats-Unis, 1996 139 5-55. Matrice de directions du commerce, A prix courants en dollar des Etats-Unis, 2002 142 Notes techniques 146 6. Dette exterieure et flux correspondant 151 6-1. Decaissements bruts: prets officiels concessionnels A long terme 153 6-2. Decaissements bruts: prets officiels non concessionnels A long terme 154 6-3. Decaissements bruts: prets pnv6s A long terme 155 6-4. Decaissements A long terne: prets officiels et achats au FMI 156 6-5. Amortissement: prets officiels concessionnels A long terme 157 6-6. Amortissement: prets officiels non concessionnels A long terme 158 6-7. Amortissement: prets prives A long terme 159 6-8. Amortissement: prets A long terme et rachats au FMI 160 6-9. Paiements d'interets: prets officiels concessionnels a long terme 161 6-10. Paiements d'interets: prets officiels non concessionnels A long terme 162 6-11. Paiements d'interets: prets prives A long termne 163 6-12. Paiements d'interets: prets A long terme et remunerations du FMI 164 6-13. Service de la dette exterieure: prets A long terme et credits du FMI 165 6-14. Patements d'interets: prets A court terme 166 6-15. Flux nets: prets A court terme et A long terme, y compris FMI 167 6-16. Flux nets: prets A long terme, y compris FMI 168 6-17. Transferts nets: prets A court terme et A long terme, y compris FMI 169 6-18. Transferts nets: prets A long terme, y compris FMI 170 6-19. Dette A long terme: officielle concessionnelle 171 6-20. Dette A long terme: officielle non concessionnelle 172 6-21. Dette A long terme: pnv6e 173 6-22. Dette ext6rieure totale 174 6-23. Structure de la dette exterieure 175 6-24. Structure du service de la dette exterieure 176 6-25. Conditions des financements exterieurs A long terme, 2001 177 6-26. Ratios de la dette exterieure et du service de la dette exterieure, 2001 178 Notes techniques 181 7. Finances publiques 184 7-1. Solde budgetaire (dons compris) 186 7-2. Solde budgetaire (hors dons) 187 7-3 Solde budgetaire primaire (-/+) 188 7-4. Depenses publiques et prets moins recouvrements 189 7-5. Interets, sur la dette publique 190 7-6. Recettes publiques (hors dons) 191 7-7. Dons recus 192 7-8. Financements exterieurs 193 7-9. Imp6ts sur le revenu 194 7-10. Impots sur le commerce exterieur et les transactions intemationales 195 7-11. Imp6ts indirects 196 xvi Table des matzeres 7-12. Recettes non fiscales, hors dons 197 7-13. Depenses publiques: salaires 198 7-14. Depenses publiques: tendances des salaires reels 199 7-15. Depenses publiques: autres biens et services 200 7-16. Depenses publiques: interets 201 7-17. Depenses publiques: subventions et transferts courants 202 7-18. Depenses publiques: depenses en capital et prets nets 203 7-19. Depenses publiques: tendances des depenses reelles de defense nationale 204 7-20. Depenses publiques: depenses reelles d'education par habitant 205 Notes techniques 207 8. Agriculture 211 8-1. Prix aux producteurs 212 8-2. Indice des prix des produits alimentaires 218 8-3. Indice de la production alimentaire 219 8-4. Indice de la production non alimentaire 220 8-5. Indice de la production alimentaire par habitant 221 8-6. Volume de la production alimentaire, par principales cultures 222 8-7. Valeur des exportations agricoles 226 8-8. Production des cereales 227 8-9. Aide alimentaire 228 8-10. Utilisation d'engrais 229 8-11. Importations d'engrais 230 8-12. Aires cultiv6es, par permanentes cultures 231 8-13. Rendements agricoles par principales cultures 232 8-14. Incidence de secheresse 237 Notes techniques 243 9. Energie, communications, et transports 246 9-1. Consommation electrique par habitant 247 9-2. Production et consommation d'energie 248 9-3. Disponibilit6 de telephone, radio et television, 1995-2000 249 9-4 Ordinateurs personnels et utilization de l'Intemet 250 9-5. Appartenance des vehicules 251 9-6. Ratio routes/population 252 9-7. Routes primaires recouvertes 253 9-8. Ratio circulation ferroviaire/PIB ($PPP) 254 9-9. Ratio chargements ferroviaires/locomotives 255 9-10. Transport aerien 257 Notes techniques 257 10. Privatisation des entreprises publiques 260 10-1. Tableau synoptique d'activite de privatisation des entreprises publiques 261 10-2. Les techniques de privatisation utilisees (jusqu' a la fm 2001) 262 10-3. Progres dans la privatization: changement dans la propriete et le contr6le 263 Notes techniques 264 Table des matieres xvii 11. Population active et emploi 267 11-1. Main d'oeuvre et structure par sexe 269 11-2. Enfants en dessous de 14 ans inclus dans la main d'oeuvre 270 11-3. Travailleurs familiaux non remunere faisant partie des travailleurs actifs 271 11-4. Structure de la main d'oeuvre par industries 272 11-5. Structure industrielle de la population econormquement active 273 11-6. Salaires dans I'agnculture 274 11-7. Salaires dans l'industrie manufacturiere 275 11-8. Salaires dans l'industrie miniere et les carrieres 276 11-9. Salaires dans le secteur du batiment 277 11-10. Salaires dans les transports, l'entreposage et les communications 278 11-11 Salaires dans le secteur social et des services personnels 279 Notes techniques 280 12. Flux d'aide 284 12-1. Aide officielle au developpement, nette, de tous les bailleurs de fonds 285 12-2. Aide officielle au developpement, nette, des bailleurs de fonds du CAD 286 12-3. Aide officielle au developpement, nette, des bailleurs de fonds n'appartenant pas au CAD 287 12-4. Aide officielle au d6veloppement, nette, des bailleurs de fonds multilateraux 288 12-5. Aide officielle au developpement, nette reelle, de tous les bailleurs de fonds 289 12-6. Aide officielle au developpement, nette reelle, des bailleurs de fonds du CAD 290 12-7. Aide officielle au developpement, nette reelle, des bailleurs de fonds n'appartenant pas au CAD 291 12-8. Aide officielle au developpement, nette reelle, des bailleurs de fonds multilateraux 292 12-9. Aide officielle au developpement, nette, de tous les bailleurs de fonds, en pourcentage du PIB du pays b6n6ficiaire 293 12-10. Aide officielle au developpement, nette, des bailleurs de fonds du CAD en pourcentage du PIB du pays b6n6ficiaire 294 12-11. Aide officielle au developpement, nette, des bailleurs de fonds multilateraux en pourcentage du PIB du pays b6n6ficiaire 295 12-12. Aide officielle au developpement, nette, de tous les bailleurs de fonds en pourcentage de l'investissement brut du pays beneficiaire 296 12-13. Aide officielle au developpement, nette, des bailleurs de fonds du CAD en pourcentage de l'investissement brut du pays beneficiaire 297 12-14. Aide officielle au developpement, nette, des bailleurs de fonds multilateraux en pourcentage de l'investissement brut du pays beneficiaire 298 12-15. Aide officielle au developpement, nette, de tous les bailleurs de fonds, par habitant 299 12-16. Aide officielle au developpement, nette, des bailleurs de fonds du CAD, par habitant 300 12-17 Aide officielle au developpement, nette, des bailleurs de fonds multilateraux, par habitant 301 Notes techniques 304 xviii Table des matieres 13. Indicateurs sociaux 307 13-1. Structure de la population par age et par sexe 309 13-2. Pauvrete 310 13-3. Distribution des revenus 311 13-4. Urbanisation 312 13-5. Composantes des changements de la population 313 13-6. Esperance de survie 314 13.7. Estimation et donnees sur le VIH/SIDA, fin 2001 315 13-8. Vaccinations et utilisation de la TRO 316 13-9. Malnutrition enfantine 317 13-10. Acces aux installations sanitaires 318 13-11. Acces a 1'eaupotable 319 13-12. Depenses dans le secteur de la sante 320 13-13. Soins de sante 321 13-14. Taux d'analphabetisme 322 13-15. Taux brut de scolansation primaire 323 13-16. Progres/developpement des ecoliers 324 13-17. Taux net de scolarisation primaire 325 13-18. Nombre d'enseignants 326 13-19. Taux elves/enseignants 327 13-20. Taux brut de scolarisation secondaire 328 13-21 Depenses publiques pour I'education 329 13-22. Possibilit6s economiques ouvertes aux femmes 330 13-23. Menage et participation des femmes aux activit6s economiques 331 Notes techniques 337 14. Indicateurs concernant I'environnement 342 14-1. Ressources foresti6res, 1990-2000 344 14-2. Ecosysteme forestier, 1990-99 345 14-3. Production et commerce des bois, 1986-98 346 14-4. Ressources d'eau douce et retraits, 1977-2001 347 14-5. Consommation des ressources maritimes et d'eau douce, aquaculture, balance commerciale, et des poissons 348 14-6. Production d'energie par secteur 349 14-7. Consommation d'energie par secteur 350 14-8. Emissions de CO2 resultant de P'activite industrielle, 1998 351 14-9. Especes menacees: mammiferes, oiseaux, et plantes superieures, 1990s 352 14-10. Especes menacees: reptiles, amphibiens, et poissons, 1990s 353 14-11. Protection nationale des zones naturelles, 2001 354 14-12. Zones protegees intemationales, 2001 355 Notes techniques 356 Table des matieres xix 15. Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative 361 15-1. Initiative pour alleger 1'endettement des pays pauvres tres endettes (PPTE): tableau d'evolution 363 15-2. Groupement des PPTE en Afrique: situation, 1 fevner 2003 364 15-3. Service de la dette externe des PPTE africains qui ont atteint leur points de decision, par pays, 1998-2005 365 15-4. Engagements au titre de l'allgement de la dette et I'appercu des PPTE africains, situation, fevrier 2003 367 15-5. Depenses sociales des PPE africains parvenus au point de decision 368 Notes techniques 371 Chapitre 16: Bien-etre des Menages 372 16-1. Burkina Faso 374 16-2. Burundi 376 16-3 Cameroun 378 16-4. Cote d'Ivoire 380 16-5. Ethiopie 382 16-6. Gambie 384 16-7. Ghana 386 16-8. Kenya 388 16-9. Madagascar 390 16-10. Malawi 392 16-11. Mozambique 394 16-12. Sao Tome et Principe 396 16-13. Uganda 398 16-14. Zambie 400 Notes techniques 402 References 407 Graphiques 1-1. Losange du developpement, 2001 7 1-2. Indicateurs de base, 2001 9 2-1. Produit interieur brut, 2001 35 2-2. Croissance du PIB et des exportations, 2000-2001 36 2-3. Composition du PIB, 2001 37 3-1. Taux de change effectif r6ee, 2001 51 4-1. Credit au secteur prive et au secteur public, en pourcentage du PIB, 2001 65 4-2. Taux d'escompte reel, 1992-2001 66 5-1. Amelioration/d6terioration des termes de 1'echange, 1992-2001 145 xx Table des matieres 6-1. Ratio du service de la dette (ex post), 2001 179 6-2. Ratio dette totale/PIB, 2001 180 7-1. Solde budgetaire en pourcentage du PIB, 1992-2001 206 8-1. Indice de la production agricole, 2000 238 8-2. Indice de la production alimentaire par habitant, 2001 239 8-3. Indice de la production alimentaire et non alimentaire, 2001 240 8-4. Exportations agricoles, 1998 241 8-5. Secheresse, 1980-2000 242 12-1. Aide officielle au developpement nette totale en pourcentage du PIB des pays bdn6ficiaires, 2001 302 12-2. Aide officielle au developpement nette totale par habitant, 2001 303 13-1. Esperance de vie, 2000 332 13-2. PIB par habitant sur base de la parite des pouvoirs d'achat, 2001 333 13-3. Population urbaine en pourcentage de la population totale, 2001 334 13-4. Taux de scolarisation primaire, 1999 335 13-5. Mortalite matemelle, 2000 336 15-1. Reduction de l'endettement et allegement de la dette pour 22 pays parvenus au point de decision 371 Foreword Reducing poverty in Africa and Meeting the Millen- $664 in 2001 - with $1668 and $461 in North and nium Development Goals by 2015 are raising diffi- Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) respectively. But it stood cult challenges in most African countries. Nearly half at only $300 per head in SSA, excluding South Af- the region's population still lives in extreme poverty. rica, ranging from under $100 per head in the Demo- Africa urgently needs rich nations to deliver on their cratic Republic of Congo to over $6000 in Seychelles. promises of more generous aid and wider trade op- At 2.9 percent in 2001, GDP growth in SSA barely portunities to reverse the cruel effects of the HIV/ exceeded the growth of its rapidly urbanizing popula- AIDS pandemic, civil wars, and persistent low growth tion (cities grew at close to 5 percent), continuing rates. The World Bank's latest annual report on social the overall trend of the 1990s. On average, output and economic conditions across the continent, Afri- per head has stagnated. Yet country performance has can Development Indicators (ADI) 2003, warns that diverged widely - sixteen have averaged more than the rapid spread of HIV/AIDS, anemnic aid and in- 4 percent growth over the last decade, while several vestment flows, and weak commodity prices threaten have seen their economies contract, invariably as a to undo the hard-fought gains of recent years. result of severe civil conflict. On average, investment As in previous years, ADI 2003 assembles eco- and trade trends have been steady, with a slight in- nomic, social, and environmental data from a variety crease in the overall current account deficit. Net FDI of sources to present a broad picture of development flows to SSA rose to $6.8 billion in 2001, but were across Africa. There have been a number of improve- heavily concentrated in oil exporting countries and ments: Macroeconomic and other data lags have been South Africa. reduced, enablng external debt reporting up to 2001 Access to ICT is still limited but increasing. In 2000 and updates on the HIPC initiative and HIV/AIDS there were some nine personal computers per thou- Chapter 12 includes for the first time ODA not allo- sand population in SSA, a 10 percent rise over the cated by country. New tables have been added cov- previous year. In North Africa, computer ownership ering access to ICT and air transport. Chapter 16 was somewhat higher, at 16 per thousand. Internet contains a new set of standardized household indica- use is rising sharply -but of the 3.7 million recorded tors for selected countries. Internet users in SSA, 2.4 million were in South Af- ADI 2003 depicts a diverse continent. Gross na- rica (however, these data may not fully account for tional income (GNI) per head for all Africa averaged multiple user access). Air transport, too, has been a xxi xxii Foreword high-growth sector, with 31.8 million passengers re- up to do: at 79 percent, primary enrollment has barely corded. But of this total, 21 million are accounted for recovered to its level in 1980. Social indicators were by North and South Africa. more favorable in North Africa, with life expectancy at Net ODA to Africa rose slightly in 2001 because of 69 in 2000 and immunization rates near 90 percent. higher multilateral flows, but on a per capita basis it ADI 2003 draws attention to Africa's rich environ- has halved since 1992, from $40 to $20 (ODA was mental resources, but also to the stress that environ- $21 per head for SSA). As of February 2003, seven- ment is coming under. Many countries have large teen countries had reached HIPC decision points and numbers of endangered species, and each year 0.7% five had reached completion points. Total debt ser- of forest cover is being lost. vice relief represented $30 billion, and pro-poor ex- The detailed World Bank Africa Database 2003, in- penditures had begun to increase in most of the coun- cluding the World Bank's Country at a Glance Tables tries. However, ten countries, mostly conflict-af- and electronic copy of ADI, is also being made avail- fected, had not yet reached the HIPC decision point. able on CD ROM, together with a user-friendly inter- In SSA, death rates have continued to rise because face to facilitate downloading and analysis. Directions of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, causing life expectancy for obtaining the CD ROM can be found on the World at birth to fall from 49 in 1985 to 47 in 2000. AIDS- Bank's external web site (www.worldbank.org). With related deaths were 2.2 mullion in 2001 (for a cumu- access to electronic media widening in Africa, ADI is lative total close to 20 million), almost 30 million were expected to evolve further, with the goal of offering infected and 11 million were orphaned, including a the most useful combination of information in million each in Nigeria and Ethiopia. Under-5 mortal- hardcopy and electronic forms. We welcome user ity stood at 162 per thousand for SSA; in eight coun- feedback and suggestions for improving ADI in fu- tnes it exceeded 200 per thousand. Only half of the ture years. children in SSA were inmrunized. Health expenditures averaged only $13 per head in poor countries, and were below $6 per head in several. But these aver- ages in social indicators conceal wide variation be- tween countries: maternal mortality, for example, ranges from as low as 45 per 100,000 births to 2,300. Education trends were somewhat more favorable, with a steady fall in illiteracy, from 50 percent in 1990 Alan Harold Gelb to 37 percent in 2001. But there is a lot of catching- Chief Economist, Africa Region Acknowledgments This volume was produced by the Operational Qual- tive was provided by Young Kim and Sarah Lacoche. ity and Knowledge Services of the Africa Region, in The HIV/AIDS table was prepared with data from collaboration with the Development Data Group of UNAIDS. In addition, many World Bank staff pro- the Development Economics Vice Presidency. vided information on their countries or their economic The volume was prepared by a team led by Tariqul or sectoral specialties. I Khan and comprising Jose Delcour, Tosi Mpanu- Lawrence Mastri provided assistance in editing and Mpanu, Rose Mungai, Kadra Nour, Joan Pandit, and producing the volume, while Chii Akporji, Richard Christophe Rockmore. Valuable guidance was pro- Crabbe, and Cindy Fisher from the World Bank Pub- vided by the Africa Chief Economist's office. The lications Office coordinated final production of the chapters on national accounts, balance of payments, book. Other staff aided and advised on the design and trade, and government finance draw heavily on the content of this volume. work of World Bank Africa country desks. The chap- ADI 2003 was produced using the new data re- ters on power, communication and transportation, porting tool of the Africa Live Database (LDB) sys- labor force and social indicators tap the World Bank's tem. This tool was programmed to generate automati- World Development Indicators database. The chap- cally all the tables in this volume and can be used for ter on extemal debt is heavily drawn from DRS (Debt other publications. Using data warehousing technol- Reporting System) of the World Bank. The chapter ogy, the LDB instantly recalculates all indicators and on environment was prepared with data from the aggregates them once new information is available. World Resources Institute. The chapter on This guarantees that the most recent data are reflected privatization of public enterprises was provided by in this and future volumes. Lucy Fye. The update for the chapter on HIPC initia- xxiii l i S, - L li IP'reIfa'ce African Development Indicators 2003 continues the estimates to help address problems of missing or in- data publication senes started by the World Bank in consistent data from standard sources. Some of the 1989 with African Economic and Financial Data estimation methods used here differ from methods (published jointly with the United Nations Develop- used in other sources. This volume addresses these ment Programme), followed by African Development differences in methodologies in the chapter introduc- Indicators 1992,1994/95,1996,1997,1998/99, 2000, tions and in the technical notes. 2001, and 2002. These data volumes are intended to In the tradition of the first seven volumes, this data provide Africans and those interested in Africa with a collection is intended to serve as a prime source of consistent and convenient set of data to monitor de- information on Africa. Its wide dissemination to Af- velopment programs and aid flows in the region. Each rican and non-African analysts and policymakers will successive volume provides access to more focused contribute to a better understanding of Africa and to information and represents an improvement in the qual- development on that continent. ity and availability of the data. The data in this volume derive from a variety of sources. In most cases, the original source is national statistical services in Africa. In addition, many inter- national agencies collect or compile data on Africa and organize national data in a standardized frame- John Roome work. This volume draws heavily from such sources. Director, Operational Quality The data have been supplemented by World Bank staff and Knowledge Services Africa Region xxiv Acronyms and Abbreviations ADB African Development Bank DRS Debtor Reporting System (World Bank) ADI African Development Indicators ECA Economic Commission for Africa AEFD Afncan Economic and Financial Data FAO UN Food and Agnculture Organization (UNDP/World Bank 1989) f.o.b. Free on board AFESD Arab Fund for Economic and Social GDF Global Development Finance (formerly Development World Debt Tables-WDT) BADEA Arab Bank for Economic GDI Gross domestic investment Development in Afrca GDP Gross domestic product BIS Bank for Intemational Settlements GDS Gross domestic savings CDIAC Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis GFS Govemment Finance Statistics (IMF) Center GNFS Goods and nonfactor services CFA Communaute Financi&re Africane GNP Gross national product (franc zone) GNS Gross national savings CIDA Canadian International Development HTPC Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Agency IBRD Intemational Bank for Reconstruction c.i.f. Cost, insurance, freight and Development CITES Convention on Intemational Trade in ICP International Companson Project Endangered Species of Wild Flora IDA Intemational Development Association and Fauna IEA International Energy Agency CMEA Council for Mutual Economic IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Assistance Development COMTRADE Commodity Trade database IFS Internaional Financial Statistics (IMF) (United Nations) ILO International Labour Organization CPI Consumer pnce index IMF International Monetary Fund DAC Development Assistance Committee ISIC UN International Standard Industnal of the OECD Classification DDG Development Data Group, ITU Internattonal Telecommunications Union World Bank xxv xxvi Acronyms and Abbreviations IUCN International Union for Conservation of UNAIDS United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS Nature and Natural Resources UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade LIBOR London interbank offered rate and Development LIMIC Low-income and middle-income UNDP United Nations Development countries Programme MBO Management employee buyout UNECE United Nations Economic METMIN Metals and Minerals Database (World Commission for Europe Bank) UNEP United Nations Environment ODA Official development assistance Programme OECD Orgamzation for Economic UNESCO United Nations Education, Scientific, Cooperation and Development and Cultural Organization OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner Countries for Refugees ORT Oral rehydration therapy UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund PE Public enterprise UNIDO United Nations Industrial SAF Structural adjustment facility Development Organization SDA Social dimensions of adjustment UNSO United Nations Statistical Office SDR Special drawing right UNSTAT United Nations Statistical Department SIMA Statistical Information Management UNTA United Nations Technical Assistance and AnalysisDatabase (World Bank) WFP World Food Programme SITC UN Standard Intemational Trade WHO World Health Organization Classification WRI World Resources Institute SNA System of national accounts ZIMCO Zambia Industrial and Mmning Corporation Introduction T he task of monitoring Africa's development e The coverage of many of the data series has been progress and aid flows requires basic empirical improved, reflecting improvements in the underlying data that can be readily used by analysts. This data series, as well as estimates made by Bank staff. publication-which is the seventh in a series that began with the African Economic and Financial Data (AEFD), However, substantial data gaps remain, notably in and was followed by African Development Indicators areas such as public enterprises, gender, and labor. (ADI) 1992,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998/99,2000,2001, Strengthening the statistical capacity in African countries and 2002-is meant to provide a starting point to fulfill is an ongoing process and greater efforts and institutional that task. support will be required if substantial improvements are This volume has been able to extend the work of the to be made. previous volumes in this senes. In particular: This volume presents the available relevant data * Most macroeconomic data (in particular, national for 1980-2000, grouped into fourteen chapters* accounts, balance of payments, government finance background data; national accounts; pnces and exchange statistics, and trade) reflect data maintained by rates, money and banking; external sector; external debt World Bank country desks, often referred to as and related flows; government finance; agriculture; operational data. These data are often more up to power, communications, and transportation; public date and offer better country coverage than the data enterpnses; labor force and employment; aid flows; social stored in the Bank's central files, SIMA, which were indicators; and environmental indicators. Chapter 14 used in publications before 1998. SIMA is a large (environmental indicators) was once again taken from database that contains some, but not all, data the World Resources Institute's World Resources 2001. produced by Bank staff-operational and other- Each chapter begins with a brief introduction on the and some, but not all, data produced by UN nature of the data, followed by a set of charts, statistical agencies tables, and technical notes These define the indicators and identify specific sources. 2 Introduction A companion CD-Rom, known as World Bank Africa years, when data cannot be readily produced by national Database 2002, provides year-by-year time series of most statistical sources. Nonetheless, data gaps exist for many chaptersbackto 1980. These series willprovide analysts indicators, and some countries are covered only with data needed to help place the most recent years m sporadically. an historical context Readers are urged to take these limitations into account The data in this volume incorporate numerous in using the data and interpreting the indicators, revisions to those published previously in the series particularly when making comparisons across There are several reasons for this. economies. Weaknesses in the data point to the need for o Many of the data that were based on estimates in strengthened statistical systems throughout the region. the earlier volumes have been replaced with updated As a visual aid to data interpretation and cross-country actual data or improved estimates. In most cases, comparisons, figures for selected indicators are included. these reflect revisions made by the original reporting As with time series, the figures should also be interpreted authorities or sources, but it also includes corrections with caution, in particular in cross-country analysis, of errors in previous volumes. because countnes with missing data are excluded from * Data series expressed in constant U.S. dollars and the charts. exchange rates use a base year of 1995; previous Throughout this volume (except when otherwise ADIs were based on 1987 exchange rates and pnces; stated), the symbol ".... indicates that data are not and AEFD used 1980 exchange rate and prices. available or not applicable. A zero (0) indicates o Some series expressed in constant prices have either zero value or an insignificant value, that is, been revised as a result of updated or revised less than one-half of the smallest unit shown. The symbol deflators. "MR" indicates "most recent year available." In chapter o As in the 2000 volume, macroeconomic data 13, columns headed by a penod (for example, 1992-95) reflect country desk information. The difference is show data for the latest available year in the period. most noticeable in the chapter on government To facilitate cross-country comparisons, values of finance, as figures reflect consolidated government many national series have been converted from the data instead of only central government data. national currencies to U.S. dollars, using the World Bank Atlas methodology. Considerable effort has been made to standardize and Indicators in this volume generally follow standard to harmonize related data sets drawn from diverse definitions as far as possible and cover years through sources. Because statistical methods, coverage, practices, 2001, depending on the chapter. Data for 2001 are and definitions differ widely among sources, full preliminary and therefore may not be internally consistent comparability cannot be assured, and the indicators must within and across accounts, and may not be available for be interpreted with care. In addition, the statistical all countries. Because data are continually updated, the systems in many developing economies are still weak, statistics here may be different from those in other and this affects the availability and reliability of the data publications. they report. Moreover, intercountry and intertemporal Shares and ratios are always calculated using current comparisons always involve complex technical price series; when gross domestic product GDP is used problems, which have no full and unequivocal solution. as the denominator for these calculations, it is always The data are drawn from sources thought to be the expressed at market prices (except in Figure 2-3). most authoritative, but many data sources are subject to In all but the last chapter, the data are arranged by considerable margins of error. To provide reasonably indicator to facilitate cross-country comparisons. For timely data required for meaningful monitoring, the country-specific work, data can be arranged to show all World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), indicators together for each country. and other agencies sometimes make estimates on the In this volume, the statistical tables are usually basis of available secondary information to fill critical arranged as time series, by country and by country gaps in national reporting, especially for the most recent groups. The largest country group is All Africa, Introduction 3 consisting of two subgroups. North Africa and group averages are arithmetic-that is, each country has Sub-Saharan Africa (including South Africa). In turn, equal weight the Sub-Saharan Africa group is shown excluding South Period averages-shown for 1975-84, 1985-89, and Africa and Nigeria. These two subgroups correspond 1990 to most recent year-are calculated from time series to the Sub-Saharan Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa (levels, ratios, growth rates, or medians) for both excluding Nigeria groups shown in the AEFD and ADI countries and country groups. They are either simple 1992, where South Africa was listed separately. averages or average annual percentage growth rates. Annual data shown for country groups are totals, These growth rates always use the least-squares method averages, or medians for the countries included in the and are usually computed from real-term series. In this group, as indicated on the table These group aggregates publication, the least-squares growth rates arc computed can be either simple arithmetic)-where missing data using the level for the year before the first year shown are not imputed-or gap-filled-where weights are used in the label. The least-squares growth rate, r, is estimated to adjust group totals for missing countries In the latter by fitting a least-squares linear regression trend line to case, when values are missing for a country or a year, the logarithmic annual values of the variable in the estimates are made to maintain the same country relevant period. More specifically, the regression composition of the groups through time. However, the equation takes the form. log X = a + bt + e, where this is implicit estimated values for the countries with missing equivalent to the logarithmic transformation of the data are not shown separately in the tables These gap-fill compound growth rate equation, X = X (I + r)'. In these estimates are made, and the aggregate statistics shown, equations Xis the variable, t is time, and a= logX and b only if the countries for which data are available for a = log (I + r) are the parameters to be estimated; e is the given year account for at least two-thirds of the full error term. If b* is the least-squares estimate of b, then group, as defined by benchmarks in 1995. This procedure the annual average growth rate, r, is obtained as [anti log is standard for many World Bank statistical publications. (b *)] - I and multiplied by 100 to express it in percentage Most group averages are weighted according to the terms. The least-squares growth rate dampens the relative importance of the countries in the group total influence of exceptional values, particularly at the end for that indicator, based on simple addition across points. Least-square growth rates are calculated only if countries when the indicator is expressed in reasonably more than two-thirds of consecutive data-carrying the comparable units. Group averages for analytical ratios same sign-are present in the time series (for example, imports to GDP) can be either weighted Throughout this volume, data for Ethiopia include or simple (arithmetic). Usually they are calculated from Eritrea up to 1992, except when otherwise indicated. the group totals for both the numerator and the Mauritius data are reported for fiscal years ending June denominator, which is analytically equivalent to 30 The data are published under the second year of the calculating weighted averages, where the weight for each reporting period-for example, July 2000 to June 2001 is country is its share in the group total for the published under 2001. Therefore, in some cases (e.g., denominator. Sometimes, however, when it is appropriate Government Finance) data for Mauritius may appear a to treat the experiences of different countries equally in year off compared to last year's publication, where data determining a representative value for the group, these were published under the first year of the reporting penod. leRected Bm¢grkgiouund IDa he first two tables of the volume provide se- indicators, of some of the more important indicators lected indicators, including a series on popula- for all countries in the most recent year for which tion, as background to the data in the rest of the relatively complete information is available. volume. Table 1- I provides a comparative view, across 4 Selected Background Data 5 1-1. Basic indicators GNI per cap ita L ife Av annual expectancy Total Population Land area Atlas percentage at birth School enrollment net ODA mid-2001 (thousands of dollars growth (years) Primary Secondary per capita (millions) square kmn) 2001 1990-0) 2000 1980 1995-99 1980 1995-99 2001 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 674.5 23,626 461 .0. 47 80 79 1 5 26 21 excluding South Africa 631.3 22,405 300 02 46 so 75 35 20 21 exci S.Africa &Nigenia 5014A 21,494 303 0.! 46 72 8 1 14 22 26 Angola 13 5 1,247 500 -0 8 47 175 64 2 1 1 5 20 Bemn 6 4 III 380 1 9 53 67 86 1 6 22 42 Botswana 1 7 567 3,100 2 2 39 9 1 108 1 9 82 1 7 Burkmna Faso 11 6 274 220 1 9 44 17 43 3 10 34 Burnmda 6 9 26 100 -4 1 42 26 62 3 7 1 9 Cameroon 15 2 465 580 -1 2 50 98 91 1 8 20 26 Cape Verde 04 4 1,340 3 0 69 114 122 8 69 171 Central Akfrican Republic 3 8 623 260 -0 6 43 7 1 56 14 10 20 Chad 7 9 1,259 200 -0 7 48 70 1 I 23 Comoros 06 2 380 -14 61 86 84 22 2 1 48 Congo, Democratic Rep of 52 4 2,267 80 02 46 92 47 24 18 5 Congo, Republic of 3 1 342 640 -41 51 141 84 74 52 24 C6e dIlvoire 164 318 630 0 3 46 75 77 19 22 If Djibouti 0 6 23 890 0 0 46 37 37 12 IS 85 Equatonial Guinea 05 28 700 51 125 31 28 Entrea 4 2 101 160 02 52 61 28 67 Ethiopia 65 8 1,000 100 20 42 37 71 9 5 16 Gabon 13 258 3,160 -0 5 53 151 54 7 Gambia, The 13 10 320 03 53 53 75 II 27 38 Ghana 197 228 290 18 57 79 78 41 37 33 Guinea 7 6 246 410 19 46 36 63 17 14 36 Guinea-Bissau 1 2 28 160 -1 8 45 68 83 6 20 48 Kenya 30 7 569 350 -0 1 47 115 91 20 30 15 Lesotho 2 1 30 530 -0 5 44 103 104 1 8 28 26 Liberia 3 2 96 140 47 48 118 22 23 1 1 Madagascar 16 0 582 260 -0 4 55 130 102 14 22 Malawi 10 5 94 160 1 2 39 60 158 5 45 38 Mall III1 1,220 230 0 8 42 26 55 8 IS5 32 Mauritania 2 7 1,025 360 1 5 52 37 84 II1 18 95 Marintius 1 2 2 3,830 4 0 72 93 108 50 107 1 8 Mozamibique 18 1 784 210 4 0 42 99 85 5 14 52 Namibia 1 8 823 1,960 2 4 47 113 60 61 Niger 11 2 1,267 180 -1 2 46 25 32 5 7 22 Nigeria 129 9 911 290 0 3 47 109 82 1 8 30 Rwanda 8 7 25 220 -1 9 40 63 122 3 12 33 Sao Tom6 and Principe 0 2 1 280 -0 6 65 251 Senegal 9 8 193 490 1 1 52 46 73 1 1 20 43 Seychelles 0 1 0 6,530 0 4 72 164 Sierra Leone SI1 72 140 -5 6 39 52 65 14 24 65 Somalia 9 1 627 0 0 48 21 10 9 6 16 South Afr-ica 43 2 1,221 2,820 0 0 48 90 119 90 10 Sudan 31 7 2,376 340 0 0 56 50 55 16 29 5 Swaziland II1 17 1,300 0 2 46 103 125 38 60 27 Tanzania 34 4 884 270 0 7 44 93 63 3 5 36 Togo 4 7 54 270 -0 8 49 118 124 33 36 10 Uganda 22 8 197 260 3 8 42 50 141 5 13 34 Zambia 10 3 743 320 -1 8 38 90 79 16 25 36 Zimbabwe 12 8 387 480 -0 3 40 85 97 8 45 12 NORTH AFRICA 140.3 5,738 1,668 1 5 69 S4 103 41 69 1 Algeria 30 8 2,382 1,650 -0 2 71 94 114 33 67 6 Egypt, Arab Republic 65 2 995 1,530 2 8 67 73 100 50 84 19 Libya 5 4 1,760 0 0 71 125 117 76 79 Morocco 29 2 446 1,190 0 8 67 83 90 26 39 18 Tunisia 9 7 155 2,070 3 1 72 102 118 27 75 39 ALL AFRICA 8148$ 29,364 664 0.3 50 81 89 20 33 20 Noie 2001 data are preliminary (see page 2) GNI per capita previously called GNP per capita 6 Selected Background Data 11-2~~~~~~ 1~~~~opu1ation ~~~~~~~~~~Average annual Millions ofpeople percentage growth 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 382 04 538.80 550 69 564 43 579.81 595 97 612.76 628 46 644.02 659 50 674 54 3.0 2.9 2.6 excluding South Africa 354 46 502.11 513 22 526,14 540,69 556 06 572.09 587 06 601.91 616.70 631 30 3 0 2.9 2.7 excl SAfrica&Nigena 283.31 400.23 40S 33 418.13 429.42 441 57 454,41 466 24 478 02 4$9,79 501 42 3.0 2.9 2.6 Angola 7 06 10 29 10.64 1099 11 34 11 69 12 05 12 40 12 76 13 13 13 51 3 0 3.0 3 1 Benin 3 46 5 03 5 19 5 35 5 49 5 64 5 79 5 95 6 11 6 27 6 44 2 7 3 2 2 9 Botswana 0 91 1 36 1 40 1 45 1 50 1 54 1 58 1 61 1 65 1 68 1 70 3 6 3 4 2 8 Burkina Faso 6 96 9 31 9 53 9 76 9 99 10 23 10 47 10 73 11 00 11 27 11 55 2 4 2 4 2 4 Burundi 4 13 5 75 5 89 6 02 6 16 6 29 6 42 6 55 6 68 6 81 6 94 2 5 2 9 2 2 Caneroon 8 72 12 29 12 62 12 95 13 27 13 60 13 92 14 24 14 56 14 88 15 20 2 9 2.9 2 5 Cape Verde 0 29 0 36 0 36 0 37 0 38 0 39 0 40 0 41 0 42 0 43 0 45 1 0 1 9 2 5 Central Afncan Republic 2 31 3 07 3 15 3 24 3 35 3 44 3 53 3 60 3 67 3 72 3 77 2 5 2 4 2 4 Chad 4 48 6 06 6 25 6 46 6 71 6 89 7 09 7 28 7 49 7 69 7 92 2 4 2 4 3 0 Comoros 0 34 0 46 0 47 0 48 0 49 0 50 0 52 0 53 0 54 0 56 0 57 2 6 2 6 Congo, Democratic Rep of 26 91 39 59 40 96 42 38 43 85 45 31 46.75 48 18 49 58 50 95 52 35 3 0 3 3 3 3 Congo, Republic of 1 67 2 37 2 44 2 52 2 60 2 68 2 77 2 85 2 93 3 02 3 10 2 9 3 0 3 1 C6te d'lvoire 8 19 12 62 13 04 13 46 13 88 14 31 14 73 15 16 15 59 16 01 16 41 3 9 3 7 3 1 Djibouti 0 30 0 53 0 56 0 57 0 58 0 59 0 60 0 61 0 62 0 63 0 64 6 0 4 6 2 9 Equatorial Guinea 0 22 0 37 0 38 0 39 0 40 0 41 0 42 0 43 0 45 0 46 0 47 2 4 3 4 2 6 Entrea 2 38 3 31 3 39 3 48 3 57 3 67 3 77 3 88 3 99 4 10 4 20 2 6 3 0 2 7 Ethiopia 37 72 54 79 53 30 54 89 56 53 58 23 59 75 61 27 62 78 64 30 65 82 2 8 3 2 2 3 Gabon 0 69 0 99 1 02 1 05 1 08 III1 1 14 1 17 1 20 1 23 1 26 3 1 3 1 2 8 Gambia, The 0 64 1 01 lOS5 1 08 1 12 1 15 1 19 1 22 1 26 1 30 1 34 3 1 4 1 3 4 Ghana l0 74 16 11 16 55 16 95 17 30 17 66 18 05 18 45 18 87 19 31 19 71 2 3 3 7 2 4 Guinea 4 46 6 09 6 26 6 42 6 59 6 76 6 92 7 09 7 25 7 42 7 58 1 7 2 8 2 6 Guinea-Bissau 0 76 1 00 1 03 lOS5 1 08 1 10 1 13 1 15 1 17 1 20 1 23 3 0 2 5 2 3 Kenya 16 63 24 68 25 35 26 02 26 69 27 36 28 04 28 73 29 42 30 09 30 74 3 8 3 4 2 6 Lesotho 1 36 1 75 1 79 1 83 1 87 1 91 1 94 1 98 2 01 2 04 2 06 2 2 2 1 1 9 Libena 1 88 2 54 2 60 2 66 2 73 2 81 2 88 2 96 3 04 3 13 3 21 3 2 2 3 2 5 Madagascar 8 87 12 19 12 54 12 91 13 30 13 72 14 15 14 59 15 05 15 52 15 98 2 6 2 8 3 0 Malawi 6 18 8 78 8 92 9 06 9 21 9 44 9 66 9 88 10 10 10 31 10 53 3 3 3 3 2 0 Mali 6 59 8 93 9 16 9 39 9 62 9 85 10 09 10 33 10 58 10 84 I1109 2 2 2 7 2 5 Maunitamia 1 55 2 10 2 15 2 21 2 28 2 34 2 42 2 49 2 58 2 67 2 75 2 6 2 5 2 9 Mauritius 0 97 1 08 1 10 III1 1 12 1 13 1 15 1 16 lI17 II19 1 20 l 4 0 8 I 2 Mozambique 12 10 14 69 ISOl1 15 42 15 82 16 23 16 63 16 97 17 30 17 69 18 07 2 7 1 0 22 Namibia 0 99 1 48 1 52 1 56 1 59 1 62 1 65 1 68 1 72 I 76 1 79 1 9 4 2 2 4 Niger 5 62 8 21 8 50 8 80 9 11 9 43 9 77 10 13 10 48 10 83 11 18 3 2 3 2 3 5 Nigena 71 15 101 88 104 89 108 01 III127 114 50 117 68 120 82 123 90 126 91 129 87 3 1 3 0 2 8 Rwanda 5 16 7 35 7 54 6 23 6 40 6 73 7 90 8 11 8 31 8 51 8 69 3 3 3 0 2 0 SAo Tomd and Pnncipe 0 09 0 12 0 13 0 13 0 13 0 14 0 14 0 14 0 14 0 15 0 15 IS5 2 8 2 6 Senegal 5 54 7 66 7 86 8 08 8 30 8 53 8 78 9 03 9 29 9 53 9 77 2 9 2 8 2 7 Seychelles 0 06 0 07 0 07 0 07 0 08 0 08 0 08 0 08 0 08 0 08 0 08 1 4 0 7 IS5 SieiTa Lcone 3 24 4 19 4 29 4 40 4 51 4 62 4 73 4 83 4 93 5 03 5 13 2 0 2 2 2 3 Somalia 6 49 7 72 7 76 7 63 7 35 7 61 7 89 8 18 8 47 8 78 9 08 6 3 -0 4 2 0 South Afnca 27 58 36 69 37 47 38 28 39 12 39 91 40 67 41 40 42 11 42 80 43 24 2 3 2 5 2 0 Sudan 19 32 25 89 26 51 27 20 27 95 28 67 29 35 29 98 30 56 31 10 31 69 3 0 2 2 2 3 Swaziland 0 57 0 82 0 85 0 87 0 90 0 93 0 96 0 99 1.02 lOS5 1 07 3 2 3 2 3 1 Tanzania 18 58 27 10 27 94 28 79 29 65 30 49 31 32 32 13 32 92 33 70 34 45 3 2 3 2 2 8 Togo 2 52 3 62 3 71 3 81 3 91 4 02 4 14 4 26 4 39 4 53 4 65 2 5 3 3 2 7 Uganda 12 81 17 47 18 05 18 63 19 22 19 81 20 42 21 04 21 62 22 21 22 79 2 4 2 6 3 1 Zambia 5 74 8 26 8 50 8 74 8 98 9 21 9 44 9 67 9 88 10 09 10 28 3 4 3 0 2 6 Zimbabwe 7 13 10 78 11 03 11 26 11 48 11 70 11 92 12 15 12 39 12 63 12 82 3 4 3 7 2!1 NORTH AFRICA 88.35 119 03 121 53 123 96 126 34 128.63 130 94 133.2 135 59 137 92 140.27 2.7 2 5 1 9 Algeria 18 67 26 27 26 89 27 50 28 06 28 57 29 05 29 51 29 95 30 39 30 84 3 1 2 8 2 0 Egypt, Arab Republic 40 88 54 78 55 93 57 06 58 18 59 27 60 42 61 58 62 77 63 98 65 18 2 5 2 5 2 0 Libya 3 04 4 49 4 58 4 66 4 76 4 85 4 95 5 06 5 17 5 29 5 41 4 5 3 2 2 0 Morocco 19 38 25 00 25 47 25 93 26 39 26 85 27 31 27 78 28 24 28 71 29 17 2 3 2 2 1 8 Tunisia 6 38 8 49 8 66 8 82 8 96 9 09 9 22 -933 9 46 9 56 9 67 2 6 2 5 1 6 ALL AFRICA 470.39 657894 672 22 688.39 706.15 724 60 743 70 761 72 779 61 797 42 814 80 2 9 2 8 2.5 Note 2001 data are preliminary (see page 2) Selected Background Data 7 Figure 1-1. Development diamonds for all African countries, 2001* Seychelles Tunisia Mauritius Algeria Libya Cape Verde Morocco Egypt, Arab Rep Sao Tome & Principe Comoros Ghana Sudan Madagascar Gambia, The Benin + -44- + + + Gabon Senegal Eritrea Mauritania Congo, Republic of ~~-t + ± Equatorial Guinea Cameroon Togo Chad Somalia + + +-IX South Africa Namibia Liberia Kenya Nigeria + + i + I I *Or most recent year available (Graph continued on the following page) 8 Selected Background Data lFiguire 1-IL (continued) Angola Guinea Cote d'lvoire Djibouti Congo, Democratic Republic of Niger Swaziland Guinea-Bissau Tanzania Burkina Faso Lesotbo Central African RepubUc Mozambique Ethiopia Mali Uganda Burundi Rwanda Zimbabwe Sierra Leone Botswana Malawi Life expectancy Access to safe water GNI per capita Pnmary School Enrollment Zambia The development diamond portrays four socioeconomic mdicators for a given country and compares them with the average of all Africa The data are sorted by life expectancy Selected Background Data 9 Figure 1-2. Selected basic indicators, 2001* Literacy rate** GNI per capita Population growth (percent) (US$ thousands) (annual percent change) 0 20 40 60 80 100 00 20 40 00 20 40 Zhnb.bwe _ _ _ _ZlIbb-e || !.b* Soutb Africa S. Mam ie M- Equatorial Guinea i qu|=] Leotho . Lwodbo U-hi i od| Kenya Ky. Namibia Cong. 3cno! - Conso Liby: S ai -4 W Senaziluad = w , _ Siln Cameroon |Ca Capo VIre - CaY V..*_ Cope Vordo Ghana i ~~~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~~~~~Gb:n, I i Gh.. TunBTocuola _z8 ws Uganda up.& Algeria Iiu A g n Mtld.gasctr __ M-*- i __ Modsga Djibouti Dj.b..h iD_|D s.. Nigerba = , Mgc Congo Detmcratic Republic D- D Maluatir l"MlxliML Sudan il uc uo Togo a = T.&. Eriteras e 9 1 E n Egypt Arab Rep R EgYp, Ab C.,noro, C -=- = Coml, Liberia Lb- iL- Morocco M o M. B.n-udi 13-d_ Cute d Ivoier Cmo W.-. C- d 1- Central Afrtin Repubilc Af- d Af-m Maeatbtqae N3Momiqw _ouambiqar Chad Cimd iogEg Chb d Malt~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~M Mzil EB ~~~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~M.--- M.---Mi Ethl.pl. Ed,.q.. = Edamp.. Guinra-Bissaa i uen_ Gcmu-SaBsou Beain BB- SSa.Tgam a e S-m gFemal G..bi. The _g3G.mb,. Tbe._ G..b.TiD B.,IdinaFase if Bm*- F-s _ = k. BraF-, Nigtr .W MMla.>iNs S abone Guinea M@ Total Gm _ G-r Sao Tome and Principe S3 m-imPr om m Seychelles 0 Female l B_=. i_ Scr hdil. Sler. Leonce li S-aLm| |S L-m Sontalla ] SOmalia * Or most recent year available. ** Sorted by total literacy rate. 10 Selected Background Data Technical notes Tables two preceding years, after adjusting them for differ- ences in relative inflation between that country and Table 1-1. Basic indicators. The data for this table the United States. This three-year average smoothes are from the World Bank's Statistical Information fluctuations in prices and exchange rates for each Management and Analysis Database (SIMA), except country. The resulting GNI in U.S. dollars is divided for official development assistance (ODA), which are by the midyear population for the latest of the three from the OECD, Geographical Distribution of Finan- years to derive GNI per capita. cial Flows to Developing Countries database (see tech- The following formulas describe the procedures for nical notes to Chapter 12). Regional aggregates for computing the conversion factor for year t: GNP per capita, life expectancy, and education are 1 p ps (p ps ] weighted by population. et-2, =-et-2 t / t + e,_ l ' /, +e, Population estimates for mid-2001 are World Bank 3 L t-2 IP-22 P,-, XP,- estimates. These are usually projections from the most and for calculating per capita GNI in U.S. dollars for recent population censuses or surveys (mostly from year t: 1980-2001). Refugees not permanently settled in the Y, = (Yt / N, )+ e>2,1 country of asylum are generally considered to be part of the population of their country of origin (see tech- where Y, = current GNI (local currency) for year t, nical notes to Tables 13-1, 13-4, and 13-5). Pt 2 0. 0° 2 0°° oOO° OOOOO OOccO00 0 0 0°0°ZO O-:Om E 0. 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Oly 000 1V00 Z10 0dV1 0011 1010 1110 IA10 9010 AUl 001I OS9 0030 0009 00I9 VH9 0109 OVO Hlg 100 ONE) 0.iapocix si.iodwy, )lvoOfo a2vi0lvaoid 0.l3o.19tul (panuI~uo3) 9661 'SpOdwiu 'Xuwwal ape.1 Jo U0o!aJ!Q( *8t'-S External Sector 123 5-48. Direction of trade matrix, imports, 1996 (continued) Importers Exporters NGA RE U RWA STP SEN SYC SLE SOM ZAF SDN SWZ TZA TGO TUN UGA ZMB ZWE SSA EU NNA ROW Wo,ld Algma DZA 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 14 14 00 00 01.1 03 01 01 012 Ang.l. AGO 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 14 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 04 013 of 00 00 an Bo,un BEN 00 00 00 00 27 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 00 Oll 00 00 00 m B.'k.. Fas. BFA 02 00 00 00 D6 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 22 00 00 00 00 6.2 oo oo Do 0.0 Botswana BWA B...d, BDI 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 05 0 00 00 04 01 O'6 oo oo oo Do C. ..... CMR 07 00 00 00 19 00 00 00 DO 00 00 00 09 02 00 00 00 013 00 00 00 00 C.p. Vende CPV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O)D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cmt,al All- Republic CAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chad TCD 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C.- com 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0") 0 0 0 0 o o D 0 Co.g., De. Rep Of ZAR 0 3 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 3 0'$ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Congo, Rcpbi,c of COG 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cotedl-uo civ 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 1 0 0 o o, 'o I Dpb.uu DJI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Egypt EGY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 1 3 9 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 4 0 8 0 0 0 4 0,2 0 2 0 3 0 2 D 2 Eq-t ... I G... GNQ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 13 0 Entrca ER[ Etluopu, ETH 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DID 0 0 0 0 0 oll 13 0 G.b.. GAB 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 oll 0 0 0 0 0 0 1) 0 G-bu,, The GMB 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 D D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ghaa. GHA 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 9 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 4 o I o o o o 9 I GUU,. GIN 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,1 0 0 0 0 0 D 4D 0 GuUU,.-BU,s.. GNB 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D'O Kmya o I Losath. LSO Lbe- LBR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 1 0f bby. LBY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 010 0 2 0 0 0 1 OLI Madagasc. MDG 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 Malawt mwi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 9 3 2 0,5 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 Malt MLI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0113 0 0 0 0 o o 0'0 'Matanuta'a MRT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 010 0 0 " 0 0 010 M.-tus miis 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 DA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mo,occo MAR 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 01.4 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 MonnabUl- moz 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 0.4 0 0 0 0 o o 0 0 Natrubu, NAM Mge NER 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Oll 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4) N,g-. NGA .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 6.t 0 2 0 1 0 1 0  Re-- REU 0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0.2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rwanda RWA 0 0 0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 8 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 S.. T.- and M-p STP 0 0 0 0 0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D clo 0 0 0 0 0 0 Co Senegal SEN 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Di 0 0 0 0 0 0 1) 0 Seycht,lles SYC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . . 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 all 0 0 0 0 o o o'o SU,- Lee- SLE 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 3 0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 all 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Son,ad. som 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .. 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 101 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 South Afnca ZAF 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 4 0 0 0 0 .. 0 1 0 0 0 6 6 8 0 2 0 1 3 9 15 1 l1o 0 6 0 4 0 4 o Sudm SDN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a I 1. 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 I 0 0 0 0 OOZ 0 0 S- fland swz T U, TZA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 5 0 0 2 0 .. 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 1 0 3 e's 0 0 0 0 0 0 'O'll Togo TGO 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01111 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tmista TUN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0 3 0 0 0 1 43 Uganda UGA 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 ej 0 0 0 0 0 0 I'll Z-b,. ZMB 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 3 2 1 7 0 D 0 0 0 0 . . 3 4 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 010 Ztnababwe ZWE 0 0 a 0 0 0 3 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 2 0 0 4 5 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 3 -- r.5 0 0 0 0 0 1 aj S.b-S.h- Affica SSA '7 8 3ZS 2S 'lk,l 27A 021 4 5 1. 11"s 3.0 11D n I llt O' 6 1,0 #,$ 05,4 '14,5 1 6 0 7 'i I's E,Uop- C.- Uy EU 34 9 93 9 3 1 6 79 4 53 4 51 6 73 3 11 7 35 4 26 8 56 3 32 2 23 8 83 5 73 3 15 3 41 0 40,3 60 6 18 2 23 5 36J Nomh Amcnco NNA 36 3 0 0 5 7 6 1 1 0 5 4 16 9 0 1 10 4 3 7 11 6 2 7 14 5 1 5 4 3 6 2 7 9 20A 8 5 31 6 21 9 18.1 Rest fW.,Id ROW 21 0 -28 8 59 8 -3 7 18 2 .19 7 3 0 86 9 40 6 65 7 19 8 33 9 48 7 14 4 17 4 39 7 -14 3 143 29 3 49 5 53 4 41 6 W.fld WLD 160 0 1000 1060 log 0 100,0 100.0 IDD 0 100 0 IMO 100 0 106 0 100.0 100 0 IWO W6 11004 ]ODA 100,0 IiOO looo ou ioa Neu, -- -ans 'not appheabl. " N.u, -- m.- "not pphcablc " South Affie.'s d.t. f., 1996 s mk- ft, South Affie.'s d.. f., 1996 U, take. f.. p-- - 'd.. S.- I.tc-t,o..l Mo.emy Fund's S.u- I.te..t ... I M-ttuy Funds D-bon, ofT.de dtabasc t o o o . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - a s 0 0 0 0 ° 0 0° 0° 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0° 0° - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0° 0° 0° O r 0 07 > -a -@ 0tOOOO OOO OOv 00 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000 o u 0 0 0 _ ' -0 0 - 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 '0 0 0 , 0 fSI~~ 0 0- 0 0 o 0 0 0 0, o 0 00 0 o 0 o _ 00 0 0 0 0 o 0 o 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O' r- O 0 V O t1 oo 0-0QoOoOOo o o 0000 0000 0 ON 0_000 _00000 O O 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 Z °: n 4 A O~~~~~~ u 0 o) _ o 0 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ° 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 < 0 0 0 0 0 o ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 ~ ~ ~ m , u 0 0r C 0 R > ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - 00 000 0000~ 0 0 0 0 00Z0 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0.~~~~~~~~~ 0 3,~~~~~~~~ 0 C ~~~~ 0>00 0 00 o o o oo> 0 00 0 0 0 00 0 Z00 0 0 0 00 C3 0 0,' > -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ . . . . . . . . . . . .0. .0.0.0 0 00.0 . 0 0 0 0 0 EP~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- ~~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~~~~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C . . . . . . . . . . . . Z70 ~~: ~ : : : : 2 : : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . .0. . .0.0.0 0 .0.0 0 0 . 0 0 . .: : ; 2 . . . . . . . . . .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 .0 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 0 0 .' 0 .0 0 .00 0 0.0 . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0 0 O . '0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00. Ei ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 External Sector 5-49. Direction c 5-49. Direction of trade matrix, imports, 2001 (continued) Exporters NGA REU RWA STP SEN SYC SLE SOM ZAF SDN SWZ TZA TGO TLJN UGA ZMB ZWE SSA EU NNA ROW World Algena OZA 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 ot 00 00 00 00 12 31 00 00 03 03 ot oi ot Angola AGO 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 01 00 00 00 01 01 0A ol 00 00 0.1 Berin BEN 01 01 00 08 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 13 3 00 00 00 00 all 00 00 00 019 Burkina Fmo BFA 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 OX Burundi BDI 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 010 Camemon CMR I I 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 oA o o 0 0 0 0 0 Capc Vffde CPV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o 04 o o 0 0 0 0, QO Cmiral Afnmn Republic CAF 0 0 00 0 0 0 1 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 00 0 0 o o Chad TCD 0 1 00 0 0 0 2 00 00 00 0 0 0 0 00 00 0 5 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0; o o o o oo 0"D Cameros com 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 og 0 0 0 0 00 0ja Congo, Dem Rep Of ZAR 0 4 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0110 Congo, Republic of COG 0 0 0 0 00 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 00 all 0 0 0 0 o o 0o Cote d'lvoirc civ 2 1 0 0 0 0 2 6 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 IDA 0 1 0 0 0 0  0 Djibouti DJI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 o o IM 0 0 0 0 0 0 010 Egypt EGY 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 1 3 3 0 0 0 4 0 8 0 2 0 8 6 0 0 1 ID  0 2 0 2 0 2 417 Equaton.] G-ea GNQ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 o o o o o o o"o Etluopia ETH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 OL 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 Gabon GAB 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 6 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 00 00 0 0 oll 0 1 0 0 0 0 ko Gmbia, ne GMB 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 QQ GWa GHA 2 9 00 0 0 0 3 0 0 00 0 1 0 3 0 0 00 00 17 7 00 0 0 1 0 0 1 I 6 0 0 0 0 00 010 Guinea GIN 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 5 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 00 0 0 0110 Guinea-Bis.u GNB 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0,0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 Kmya KEN 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 7 0 1 0 0 5 6 00 00 04 0 7 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0.t Liberia LBR 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 00 0 0 00 00 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Oll 0 1 0 0 0 1 Oa L,bya LBY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 oo 04 0 1 00 oo 6A Madagascar MDG 0 0 00 00 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 #3 0 0 00 00 Malawt mwi 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 0 0 00 9 8 0 6 4A 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 Mal, MLI 0 0 00 0 0 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 '010 Mauntanta MRT 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 00 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 QQ 0 0 0 0 00 Maunnus mus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 0 0 0 0 0 8 00 1 8 0 1 00 0 0 00 0 0 o o 0, 0 0 0 0 oo 64 Mormco MAR 0 0 0 0 00 0 2 0 0 1 5 00 04 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 0 7 0 4 0 0 o I 41 0 3 0 1 0 11 0,2 Mozambique moz 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 -0,7 00 0 0 o o' i) Niger NER 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 2 S 0 1 0 0 00 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nigena NGA 0 1 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 00 0 1 00 I 5 00 0 0 0 0 0 1 05 0 2 0 1 0 2 0,2 Remion REU 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 00 00 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4D o o o o o o 0,1 Rwmda RWA 0 0 .. 0 0 00 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 5 00 V.l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sao Tome and Pnncipe STP 0 0 0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ilb o o o o 0 0 oqo Sencgal SEN 1 4 0 0 0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 ,4 0 0 0 0 0 0 ko Scychelles SYC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . . 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0A 0 0 0 0 0 0 liq Siem Leone SLE 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o o o o o o o 6,4 Somaha som 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 .. 00 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 a; 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,0 South Africa ZAF I 1 9 6 0 0 0 0 1 8 4 8 0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 0 6 2 3 0 1 0 6 7 4 11 5 1i 0 5 0 3 0 4 04 Sudan SDN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 o I O, I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,10 Tanzania TZA 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 3 9 .. 0 0 0 0 1 8 0 4 o I 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 .6 Togo TGO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 it o o o o o o 0,0 Tmisia TLJN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 .. 0 1 0 0 0 1 0,1 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 t Uganda UGA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 2 0 0 0 0 3 7 0 0 0 0 .. 0 3 0 0 0-5 0 0 0 0 0 0 (to Zambia ZMB 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 9 0 0 1 5 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 .. 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 010 Zimbabwe ZWE 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 00_ 2 4 0 0 2 9 0 0 0 0 00 00 2 0 .. i'L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,11 A, t L8 0 3 4 i 2 3 5.1 Jl '6d 0,3 1,M) li, 403 04 '3 7 22.6 14. io's u 0,7, I'l 0 European Community EU 25 7 50 3 57 8 46 9 73 7 68 5 3 0 40 6 11 8 35 II 36 5 17 1 St 6 61 8 22 0 43 5 38,7 59 0 18 7 23 4 j I North Amenca NNA 41 4 7 5 9 6 11 9 10 2 12 0 0 3 14 9 0 2 19 2 3 7 4 5 2 0 6 4 2 3 6 3 '21, 11 5 35 6 25 3 22,2 RestOfWOTld ROW 23 3 30 4, 32,3 16 2 13 9 13 7 95 9 31 4 87 7 31 0 40 0 29 2 15 5 28 1 53 1 35 7 21.4 27 9 44 9 50 2 41,3 ino 1006, 'Iou loo Q 1004 , 100.0 tacto 100"ll, m 0 I EJ Wofld World 110010 IQQO loom WQ i 100 0 100.0 100t) lID0,0 lall'o Notc mearis 'not applicable" Note -- means "not applicable South Afncals data for 2001 is taken fr. South Afiica's data for 2001 is mkcn from panner countnes'data Source Intemanonal Manetary Fund's Source Intmatiomi Monetwy Fund's Direcuon of Tmde databme External Sector 127 5-50. Direction of trade matrix, exports, 1991 Importers Percentage of total exports Exporters DZA AGO BEN BFA BWA BDI CMR CPV CAF TCD C OM ZAR COG CIV DJI EGY Algena DZA 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 00 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 1 Angola AGO 0 0 I 00 0 0 00 0 0 00 009 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 1 00 00 0 0 Benmn BEN 0 0 0 0 . 02 00 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 01 00 0 0 0 0 Burkina Faos BFA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 Bosiwana BWA Burundi BDI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cameroon CMR 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 13 2 0 2 0 0 0 2 2 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 Cape Verde CPV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CeniralAfrican Republic CAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chad TCD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Consoros COM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Congo, DcmRep Of ZAR 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 I1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 I. 05 0 0 0 0 0 0 Congo,Republic of COG 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cole dIvoire CIV 0 2 0 2 3 4 27 7 0 0 0 1 00 9 61 0 3 1 3 0 0 205 I I . 0 0 0 0 Djibouo, DJI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Egypt EGY 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 005 Equatorial Guinea GNQ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 Entrcea ER0 Ethiopia ETII 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 00 Gabon GAB 00a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 00 S1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Gambia,The GMB 0 0 0 0 0 0 00a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ghana GHA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 Gurnea GIN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 Guinea-Bissau GNB 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Kenya KEN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 009 05 0 0 0 0 008 0 3 Lcsotho LSO Liberna LBR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Libya LBY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Madagascar MOO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Malawsi MIVI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Mali IMLI 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Mauntania MRT 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 008 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 1I 0 0 0 0 Mauntiuis MIJO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Morocco MAR 0 9 0 3 035 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 3 0 0 035 0 4 0 7 0 4 0 0 0 0 Moonabique MOZ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Naumbia NAM Niger NER 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Nigeria NGA 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 608 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 1 4 1 0 0 16 3 0 0 0 0 Reunion REU 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Rwamda RWA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sao To-sand Prinipe STP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Senegal SEN 0 0 0 0 I1 05 0 0 0 0 IS 0 0 02 0 4 00 0 1 068 00 00 0 0 Seychelles SYC 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 SicerraLeone SLE 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Somalia SOM 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 South Africa ZAF 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 31 03 04 00 00 Sudan SON 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0 0 00 Swaziland SWZ Tnnzania TZA 00 00 00 00 02 21 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 01 00 Togo TOO 00 00 II 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 Tunisia TU.N 10 00 01 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 0 3 00 01 Uganda UGA 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Zambia ZMB 00 01 00 00 24 31 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 Zimbabwe ZWE 00 04 00 00 26 7 14 00 06 00 00 00 09 00 00 00 00 Sab-Sahamn Africa SSA 0.6 , 00' 74' 300 300 ' 3. 13,6 3.9 170 73.2 '5,7 P.6 fo 70 2 %Q K European Com.mniy EU1. 690 6803 54 9 5308 3708 62 3 0667 70 3 66 4 681 01 0 010 65 3 007 43 2 43 NorthbAmerica NNIA 116 113 63 65 10 3 12 54 34 09 95 00 74 69 47 3 6 :224 Restof Warld ROW Is07 196 314 02 219 24 2 IsO0 123 ISO 69 13 2 220 214 13 4 soz 2 333 World World tOOt0 1600 100 0 100 0 14000 IWO0' 1000 '100.0 '10 o 10604 ' 106. 100.0 too00 606 10~06 Note II means "not applicable"' (Table continues on the following page) South Africa's data for 1991 s taken from purner countries' dta Source tntemational Monetary Fond's Direction of Tide database 128 External Sector 5-50. Direction of trade matrix, exports, 1991 (continued) Importers Exporters GNQ ERI FTH GAB GMB GHA GIN GNB KFN LSO LBR LBY MDG MWI MLI MRT MUS MAR MOZ NAM NER Algeria DZA 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ot 00 00 00 69 00 07 00 00 00 Angola AGO 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ou 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Benin BEN 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 Burk... Faso BFA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 1 Bosmm BWA Burundi BDI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C- oon CMR 33 3 0 0 3 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 C.P. Verde CPV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cenrml Af... Republu, CAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chad TCD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 CO.- colm 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Congo, De. Rep Of ZAR 0 0 -0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Congo, Republic of COG 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cole dN.re civ 0 4 0 0 10 4 3 4 3 9 11 6 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 29 5 1 2 0 9 0 2 2 4 0 0 i23 Dpbown DJI 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Egypt EGY 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 I 0.2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Eq..tonal Gain. GNQ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Eritrea ERI Ethrop.. ETH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gabon GAB 0 0 0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ganab,., Tb, GMB 0 0 0 0 0 0 . . 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ghaaa GRA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a Grunea GIN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .. 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G....-B,swu GNB 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Keny. KEN 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 Lesotho LSO Liben. LBR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Liby. LBY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 " Madagascar MDG 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mal- lmwi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 Mali IMLI 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 1 Mauritania MRT 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mamtius mus a 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Moroc- MAR 0 2 0 0 0 9 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 0 1 0 0 I I 1 3 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 Mo.rabique moz 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nanubt. NAM Niger NER 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nig-a NGA 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 2 13 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 R-ion REU 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rands RWA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 00- 00 " 00 00 Sto Tinne and P-ipe STP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Smegal SEN 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 6 0 0 0 a 2 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 Seychelles SYC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sierra Le.n. SLE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Somalia s O.M 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 a 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 South Afc. ZAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 45 4 0 0 0 0 14 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sudan SDN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Swamland swz Tanzania TZA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Togo TGO 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 Tunisia TLJN 0 4 0 9 0 5 0 1 0 3 0 6 5 8 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Uganda UGA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zarnbut ZMB 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 8 0 0 Zurobabwe ZWE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 a 0 0 0 7 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 6 2 1 0 0 Sub-Sithant. Afhca SSA n9 0 17 4 I$ 0 7,5 (14 U 4-,' MS EuTopasin Community EU 44 6 43 3 60 1 47 2 47 4 52 5 56 6 46 64 1 12 5 64 5 58 3 35 7 47 9 70 0 34 7 66 0 37 6 62 At' 67 8 North Airmc. NNA 14 3 25 0 9 4 4 0 12 0 14 0 1 4 5 0 4 1 1 0 0 9 4 2 13 1 4 5 6 6 1 3 8 1 14 8 24 7 4 8 Rest of World ROW 7 2 30 6 13 9 41 6 23 3 17 6 34 4 44 6 30 6 86 1 34 3 33 6 27 9 12 3 22 1 60 7 24 7 39 0 6 1 12 2 Wmid Wo,ld loo.0 tootl 100,6 moo, Iwo Ito 0 w looo lou imo tto 10DO, - 1M.0 , 110.0 two two mo Iwo loo o loo o Note - mearas ".ot appkable " Note -- ireans 'not pphmble ' (Table ontinues on the follo"ng page) South Afc.'s data fo, 1991 is takm f. Stnith Afnco's dt. fo, 1991 is takm ftorn partner count-s'dina Soume Itit-ationad Monetary F-d's Soue International M-etwy Fmd's D...ti.n ofTmdc dutbase c ° o 3 D E f X a a° o ao Z Z33 33 r r r 0 o OOOO m m m m0 0 E n 0 n n 0. _ > = a~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ M ,, z z x > , e n N8 n _ *mwm a~ 0a > a _ I _ 0 R > 0: 0 n 3 z > r Z . .... . . =. > Z ° > --EP _- O 000 Z~Z § O - _ _. 00 0000 0 0 0000 00 0 0 0 0 o 00 o 00 0 000 o 00 a 00 0 000 0 000 00 0000 a a 3 = a ,o0 0 0 0w0 0 0 0 0 0 o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 o 9 0 ~~ 0.0 0 0 9 ~ ~ ~ . .-.0 0 0 0.0. 0. .00 0 0 0 .0 . 0 0 0 0 0 00.00 0 - 0 0 0.0 0 00 0.00. . 0 0 0. . : . o0 - 0 W r_ _ _ o o o o o o £ o o o o o o : o o o - s o o o X.o.o. o o o o W o.o.o.o. . .o o o o o - o.o.o.o.o. . o3 OC 00000 0 . 000 0 . 0 000 00 0 0 0 0 0 000 . . 0 0 0 0 0 o o E _00 0° 0000 000 ° 0 000 0 00 0 000 0 00 0 000 0° 0 000 0 00 0 000 ° 0 ° -I 0-0 0900 0 0000 ' 0 w 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 o 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 o a. 00 00 0 0-0 0 00 0e 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 00 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 000 OO O > O O O OO 0000OC>W OOO0 0 000 0 0 0 O 00 0 000 0 0 °OOO0 0° 00 00 O - 00 00 0 000 00 0 00 0 0 0 000O - o- 0 _, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Z 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 z_ooooo ooooooo C -c w '0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Osoc \, Zo oo oo oo oo o o Zo oo o o oo oo oo oo oo Zo No t 0 o 0 noo o oo o o o - o 00 0 oo ooo oo o o o 00 00 00 0 o 00 00 00 000 0 0 - 0 0 o o o o o v 0 bt.,°: >o 9 o o o oo oo o ° o o o ° oo o o o .s.o o ° o oO 00o o o oo oo o z o 0oo > 0 O :0 0 D' -' 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ O 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 o0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 00 c 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 o0 o o o t o > vw v wo o o oo o oo o o oo o o oo o oo o o oo o o oo o oo o o oo o o oo o 0 0 -N o .e e o o 1 5 0 °o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 o o o o 0 - ooocooooooo> ~~~0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o 0 - o 0 0 o0 oooooo- o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o0 0 ooooooo 90 0 000 0r ° 0° 0 00 000 00. 0 0P o p, 0 0-0 000 000 00 000 00 o 0 0 o0 S - 0 0 o 00 oPbZ Z_w 130 External Sector 5-51. Direction of trade matrix, exports, 1996 Importers Percentage of total exports Exporters DZA AGO BEN BFA BWA BDI CMR CPV CAF TCD COM ZAR COG CIV DJI EGY Algera DZA .. 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0.0 00 Angola AGO 00 .. 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 Benin BEN 00 00 .. 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 BurkinaaFaso BFA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 008 0 0 0 0 Bostwana BWA Burundi BDI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Camneroon CMR 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 11 7 6 0 0 0 0 2 105 0 3 0 0 0 0 Cape Verde CPV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Central AfncanRepubhic CAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 3 0 0 035 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chad TCD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Comoros COM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Congo, DOem Rep Of ZAR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00a 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Congo, Republic of COG 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 Ot0 0 0 0 0 Cote dlvoire CIV 0 1 0 4 406 22 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 IS 0 1 0 0 1 9 008 . 0 0 0 0 Djibouti DJ1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 Egypt EGY 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 EquatorialGuinea GNQ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Entlrea ERO Ethiopia ETH- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 Gabon GAB 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gambia, The GMB 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ghana GHA 0 0 005 1 9 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 035 0 2 0 0 0 0 Gumnea GIN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 t5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gumnea-B,ssau GNOB 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kenya KEN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21i 2 7 0 0 0 0 005 0 4 Lesotho LSO Liberia LBR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Libya LBY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 Madagascar MDG 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Malms' M's' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Mal MLI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 Moartania MRT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 006 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 7 0 0 0 0 Maurntius MUS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Moracco MAR OS5 0 2 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 006 0 3 0 7 0 0 0 0 Mozambique MOZ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Naanibua NAM _________ Nigcr NER 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 Nigenia NGA 0 0 0 0 00 3 3 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 05 7 9 O1 4 7 0 2 10 0 0 0 0 0 Reunion REU 0 0 00a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00a Rwanda RWA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sao Tome and Prnc,pe STE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Senegal SEN 0 0 0 0 0 08 0 0 0 0 10 l4 0 2 1 4 30 0 0 03 0 7 00 0 0 Seychelles SYC 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 SierraLeone SLE 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Somalha SOM 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 South Afeca ZAF 00 20 0 02 12 40 09 03 03 04 1600 194 12 06 01 02 Sudan SON 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 Swaziland SWZ Tanzania TZA 00 00 00 00 03 3 2 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 02 00 Togo TOO 00 00 10 14 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 Tunisia TUN 13 00 02 01 00 09 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 02 Uganda UGA 0i 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Zambia ZMB 00 00 00 00 10 24 00 00 00 00 00 3 3 00 00 00 01 Zimbabwe ZWE 00 04 00 00 17 0 tO 01 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 00 Sab-Sahara Africa SSA 0 ,30 30.2 31 0 103 .13,3 17,7 0.1 )2,7 '19) 3 5' 24,7 4, 2301, ,114 I' European Comnimnity EU 6705 300 4600 525 316 573 0305 6708 400 67 7 69 9 373 0381 3406 309 416 NdorthsAmcnica NNA 12 3 144 3 3 27 94 3 7 04 22 7 27 21 00 65 45 37 27 is 9 Rest ofWorld ROW 1900 200 306 13 0 40 6 257 12 4 67 16O 6 tOO 24 2 314 3 9 167 46 7 384 World World -00,0' I0& 100diff l00.t 300.0 l04.0, 100' 1000. It lootiO 000. 100.0 woO lOoo 10. 100. Note - means "anot applicable' (Table continues on tse following page) South Africa's data for 1996 is taken fmm paetner countries' data Soarce Initernational Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database '-> a, 3: = C > 3 0 0 0 V z > 0 r Z -1 E m m > 0 > c x Z 0 = > 0 R 0 0 3 3 .w>zc oZCo> > > > 3S;°~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ . . . . =3o- ~~~ - -4 .. - - -- Ce X - _CL> a * W 000CC 000 000O00&000000 01°000000O00 00000 W 00000 °00000 0 °3° 00 e0 00 00 Cc 0 00000000= cO O9Q O ¢OO 0 0O cc COO 0 0000 00 0 00 0 0 0000=, c O°OOZ > rcc c 00 00 0 0 0 0 0000 oo ooo ooooo o oCC o0 o0 0: o0 0 0 C o0 0 o00 ooooo oo0oo 0 o .0 0.0. . . .00 0 0 0 0. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.. . . .00 *. 0.0 0. 0 0 0 0 . 00 S0 0 0 0 0 C 0_00 00 0000000w oooo o o° ¢Oo 0 00 C Oo :O cOoOOOoOOOco o 000 0 00 00 0000 ' . . . . . .e . . . . o° . . . . . . . o.o o o o o o o: o o O A o o o o o o o o o Ao o o o o o o o o o o o o° _ ° 80000000000 0 0000. 00000 0 . . .000 0 00 0 . . . . 0 0 0 X 0 000000 _0000-.00 000 0 . . .. 0.00 0 . . 00 0 . . O S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. 0 0 00 0 . 0 0 0 0 - co-UA w . o . o o 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 0000 ^- - w, - _ O O O O O O - O O O O O O --O O O _: O O s oA O O > O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O > O O O 0 3 0 0 0 0 0. 0 0 0 0 0 0. 0 0. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * C 00 00 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 - C - - - - - - - =0 - ° O 0 0 0 0 ^ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 o0 00. oo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 00 0 0 0 0 .0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . . .- .. ~ . . . . . . . . . O O c O = = O O c O O O O O O o O O O O O O O O c c O Q = = =: O O O OD O O O O >3 000000 00000000 C wSOO 0000000 *C 0000000 0.000000000 OOOOOOI0 0° z .= 00 00 A 00 0 0 0 00 0 0 . 00 0 0 00 0 00 0 0 O O000 OOOOBBBB BoB  BC B C BB ' C. B B C- B B B Bn B BC B B C B C-  C- C0NNC HH00000000CZZ     O.B CN -. 0 5- - 000000 0000000C0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 zj 1 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C - 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 - 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 - - CB S o o o a o 0 a o 0 0 0 o 0 a a o 0 o - 0 a o - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 a o a 0 0 0 0 0  . 000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 S 0 0 0 - 0 C 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . ' - 8 o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 a o 0 o a 0 o 0 0 0 0 a o 00 0 o o 0 a 0 0 0 o 0 0 o 0 o 0 C o  o 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 CC 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 B' C- 8 S  000000 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C B 0 0 -J C C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 00 0 0 0 0 *4 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 5 80 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o C C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 () 0 C 00 0 C- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 B'. 0 E4 S i-i - C 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 C C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 C , 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - C 0 0 0 o o * 0 o  0 o 0 - 0 a o - a - a o co 'o - o o o a o 0 0 0 o o 0 a o 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0   a o 0 0 0 o 0 o 0 0 o 0 a a o a o  '0 C C is C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 -, 0 0 0 i. N 0 85 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C C C 0 0 0 O 0' - lB 0000-0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 - 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 C C - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Z 0 '0 0 0 C 14 - 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 S C 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 C 0 0 C C 0 0 0 0 015 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 C 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 C 0 0 C 0 0 C 0 0 0 C 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 a 'La a 0 0 0 o a o 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 o 0 a a 0 0 0 oo 0 a 0 0 a o a a o a a a a a a a a a 0 0 a a o a a a 'O  0C 0 5 0000 C C - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 C - 0 5 0 C C - 0 0 - C 0 0 0 C 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 C C 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 a a a 0 0 - 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 a C C 0 0 0 0 a o 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C Co C 0 0 C C C 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 C C C 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 - C- a - 0 C0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 C C 0 0 0 0 0 - C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 C 8.5 0 5 00.' 00- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C C C C C) C 0 0 0 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 "0 500-00 0 0 C - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o - 0 C 4 S C 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 C - 0 C 0 0 0 0 C 0 C C 80 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 .4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.' 0 0 0 0 - C C C 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 S 0 C C 0 C 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 C 0 C S it 5 0 010 0 0 C. 0 0'0 0 C 0 C 0 .-"0 00 0 00 C 0 0 C 00 0'0'0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0CC 0 C C 0 0 CC C > '000,0 o'5>lob 1- -,i- ' 'a 'oo 0000 Cis 10.' -. lB lB 1.' '00 -'0,o. S'S 5 o a o 0 C 0 0 o 0 0 C a o a 0 0 C C o 0 0 a a a 0 a Coo o 0 0 a 0 a a a 0 0 C 0 a a 0 C 0 a o a C '0 0 - C 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 o 0 C 0 - 0 a o a a o 0 o a a o 0 C C - 0 0 - C o C a C - 0 a o 0 0 7 Q.. 0 Ci - 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C C C C '0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0000 0 0 Ci C C' C-C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 '0 S 0 0 'C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ,0 - 0 0 C 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 - C C 0 0 0 C C 0 0 0 0 0 0 - S 'B '-0 C C C- C C ','p  C C-'C C C 0,090 p p p p p C C 0 0 0 0 p  p pp  C 0 C 0 0 0 0 P Ci C- P 9 C p' C 0 oo4- '0 '0'0'0 CC-a'  '0 -c '000000 000CC '0 '00>0, '0O'00C o 0 'a-" iCc 000000 coo joB' External Sector 133 5-52. Direction of trade matrix, exports, 2001 Exporters DZA AGO _BEN BFA BWA BDI CMR CPV CAF TCD COM ZAR COG CIV DJI EGY Algena DZA .. 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Angola AGO 00 00 00 00 00 ol 02 00 00 00 00 06 00 00 00 Berun BEN 00 00 .. 02 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 Burkina Faso BFA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ( 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Importers Percentage oftotal exports Bunmdt BDI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Camemon CMR 0 0 05 01 00 00 00 .. 00 55 3 3 0 0 3 9 2 2 ol 0 0 0 0 Cape Verde CPV 00 0 0 00 0 0 00 00 00 .. 00 00 00 0 0 00 00 0 0 0 0 Central Afncm Republic CAF 00 00 0 0 00 0 0 00 00 0 0 01 00 0 4 00 00 0 0 00 Chad TCD 00 00 0 0 00 0 0 00 00 0 0 2 3 .. 00 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 Comoros com 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 00 .. 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 Congo, Dem Rep Of ZAR 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 00 0 0 17 00 0 0 0 2 00 0 0 0 0 Congo, Republic of COG 00 0 4 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 00 00 00 16 .. 00 00 0 0 Cote d'Nove civ 0 2 0 0 2 2 27 5 0 0 0 0 16 3 4 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 .. 00 00 Djibout, DJI 00 0 a 0 0 00 00 of 0 0 00 00 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 Egypt EGY ol 00 0 0 0 0 00 01 01 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 2 00 0 2 0 0 Equatorial Guirea GNQ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 19 00 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 Botswma BWA Ethiopia ETH 01 00 0 0 0 0 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 10 7 00 Gabon GAB 0 0 0 0 00-- 00 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 14 0 9 0 0 00 0 0 Gambia, The GMB 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 00 0 0 0 0 00 00 00 0 0 Ghana GHA 0 0 05 19 16 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 00 0 0 12 0 3 00 0 0 Guinea GrN 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 00 0 0 0 0 00 00 0 0 04 0 0 00 Guinea-Bissau GNB 00 0 0 00 00 0 0 0 0 01 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kenya KEN 00 00 0 0 00 0 0 6 6 0 0 00 00 0 0 6 2 5 7 0 2 00 0 6 05 Entrea ERI Libena LBR 0 0 00 00 0 0 00 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 00 ot 0 0 0 0 Libya LBY 0 0 00 0 0 3 3 00 00 0 0 0 0 00 00 0 0 0 0 00 00 0 0 02 Madagascar MDG 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 o 00 00 0 0 0 0 00 to 0 0 0 0 00 00 00 Malai mwi 00 00 00 0 0 0 0 04 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 ol 0 0 00 00 01 Mall MLI 00 0 0 00 05 00 0 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 0 0 ol 00 00 Mauntania MRT 00 00 0 0 ot 0 0 0 0 0 7 00 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 7 0 7 0. 0 0 0 Mauritius mus 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 3 0 0 00 0 0 00 00 14 00 00 00 0 0 0 0 Motocco MAR 01 0 2 0 2 0 9 00 0 0 0 3 0 2 0 2 00 10 04 09 0 6 00 01 Mozionbique moz 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 00 0 0 00 00 00 0 0 0 0 00 00 0 0 0 0 Lesotho LSO Niger NER 00 00 ol 0 2 0 0 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 2 00 0 0 0 0 01 00 00 Nigena NGA 00 0 0 0 7 4 2 0 0 0 0 12 1 0 0 12 55 0 0 12 7 0 4 172 00 00 Reunion REU 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R.wda RWA 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 3 00 0 0 00 00 0 0 0 2 00 0 0 00 0 0 Sao Tonne -d Pnncipe STP 0 a 00 0 0 0 0 00 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 00 0 0 0 0 Smegal SEN 00 00 0 4 0 7 00 0 0 0 5 01 05 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 a 0 0 0 a Seychelles SYC 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 o 00 0 0 0 0 00 00 00 00 0 0 00 00 0 0 Sierra Leone SLE 00 00 00 0 0 0 0 00 00 0 0 0 0 00 00 0 0 00 00 0 0 0 0 Somalia som 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 00 00 0 0 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 00 South Afnca ZAF 0 3 10 0 0 6 0 7 0 0 21 14 06 0 6 0 6 12 6 154 3 5 14 12 0 2 Sudm SDN 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 00 00 00 0 0 00 00 0 0 00 0 3 Nwnibia NAM Taniumia TZA 0 0 00 00 0 0 00 7 9 0 0 0 0 00 00 01 14 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 Togo TGO 00 0 0 2 7 51 00 00 00 00 0 0 0 4 00 00 01 00 0 0 0 0 Tunisia TUN 0 7 0 0 01 0 6 0 0 00 01 00 0 0 ol 0 4 0 0 0 4 03 13 02 Uganda UGA 01 00 00 0 0 0 0 00 00 00 00 0 0 00 00 0 0 00 00 0 0 Zambia ZMB 00 0 0 00 00 11 0 6 00 00 00 00 0 0 00 a 0 0 0 00 02 Zimbab.e ZWE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 0 2 0 0 00 00 0 0 00 0 4 00 0 0 0 0 ot Sub-Saharan Afnca SSA Q,$' 1 1,6 8,8 40 9 '$4 1$6 203 4,6 11,9 10 4 21 3 43,2 ms 2u 12.4 13 Europem Community EU 64 3 39 9 35 3 45 7 58 7 57 1 56 4 94 7 63 6 419 46 2 35 8 55 0 49 0 32 1 35 0 North Amenea NNA 11 8 91 27 17 159 4 2 10 4 31 41 39 9 2 2 31 11 2 4 3 3 4 22 1 Rest of World ROW 23 1 39 6 53 2 11 6 19 6 20 0 12 9 7 6 20 4 75 30 3 17 9 23 0 25 4 51 9 41 4 World World 100,0 lwlo toolo 1000 too 6 , 100,0 100.0 1w.0 too"D, looo ioo o lou two 100.0 100A ioo o Note -- means "not applicable " (Table continues on the followmg page) Sazilarid swz South AfncWs data for 2001 is taken from partner countnc data Source Intemational Mo.etwy Fmd's Direction ofTmde database g o o Z o Z o o o o o o o o o o o o _ o o o o _ Z o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ...... . . . . . .. ..... .. 0 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 007 00000000 0000O 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 00000<0ZC0. Noo oo o oo oooe oo o o o oo00000 oooo0000 0o0000 00 oC$ C Z- o co oo o o cxo - 0 °°°°°° 1 sC0 0ZZ0Z0Z0 0ooZZZc 000000 Z 0000000 ZZZ : ZZ 0ZZocZZZ Z Z,ZZo o o o o o o o o 0 o o o o o o o o o o 0 o o - o o o o o - o o o o o o 0 o o o o o o o o o o o 0> 0 o 0 0 . 00 0 00 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 00 00 00 00 0 0 0 0 00 00 o~ o o *oooooooo oooooo 0 a ZZ Z Z ZZ ZZ ZZ Z ZZ ZZ Z ZZ ZZ oZ ZZ ZZ ZZ Z o oo o, o b £ . o o0 0 0 0 0 0 o0 0 0 o00 _0 o0 0 0 0 0 o o o o o c 0 o o o o. 0 o o _ o o o o o o 0 ooo o _ k 000 00 0 00 0 0 0000000o 0o00oc oo oo 00000o * o 0000000oo00oo00o oo 000000000004;,4r j 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 Z- : o Z Z o Z Z Z z c z Z Z o Z Z o o Z Z Z Z Z Z 2 Z Z Z : t ~ i 00 0 _0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 00: 00 00 00 0 0 0 0 000 o0 00oo #Z:: Z ~Z o o: ZZ0 0C: doo_ 0 O. 000 00 0 00 0 - 00 0 0 0 00 0 - 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 , #0 0 00 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 00 00 0 00 0 0 0 0 000000.40-t o ZZZzoZZZZZZ°Zoco>ZZoZZZ^wi 0~~~~~~~ 0 0 0 c _ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ 0 0 _ _ 0 _ 0 c 0 E _ t 0000 00 0 00 0 0 o00o00o_00oo0 oo0-o000o00oo00oo0oo 0oo00oo000o0oo000o0 o_ oo oo 0C_v0C 0W 000 O0 00 0 00 0 000oo00oo* oo00000000 00000000o0 oo oo oo oo oo -r r _ oo oxoo 0 C c0 .o z iO cOCO 000000000000 *OoO ooco OOOO O_OO O-n< o X eg 0O0 E0 0 00 0 0 00 00 z° 00 0 0 0 00'00 0 0 0 0 - O 0 0 00 0 00 0 0 0000 0 00 0 0 0 0000000:0002a fi3s MOOM , a34A ZzZ |3F 0 C l : CC0 S30 ' ZZ. . X , 0 ddd3fiZSsSo~ 0 External Sector 135 5-52. Direction of trade matrix, exports, 2001 (continued) Importers Exporters NGA REU RWA STP SEN SYC SLE SOM ZAF SDN SWZ TZA TGO TUN__UGA ZMB ZWE SSA EU NNA ROW World Aigma DZA 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 O'l 06 03 ol 03 Angola AGO 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 OA ot 02 01 0,1 Benin BEN 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 loo 00 00 oo', 00 Burk- Foo BFA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 010 Botswana BWA Burundi BDI 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 q 0 0 0 0 0 0 010 Cmemon CMR 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 02 0 1 0 0 0 0 Qo Cape Verde CPV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OX Central Afficim Republic CAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,0 Chad TCD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Como.s com 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,0 o o o o o o u Congo, Dem Rep Of ZAR 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 2 Oll 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Co.go, Republic of COG 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PR 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 c Cote d'Noire civ 0 5 0 0 0 0 3 8 0 0 5 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 10 9 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Djibo.t, DJI 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 7 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o il o o oo o o 0.0 Egypt EGY 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 5 0 a 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 Oll 0 1 0 0 0 1 '01 Equium-nd Guine. GNQ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o Og 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 Entre. ERI Ethiopia ETH 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a Gabon GAB 0 0 0 0 2 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0- 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 Ol Gambol, The GMB 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Q-0 Ghima GHA 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.12 0 0 0 0 0 0 OO Guinea GIN 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 P'l 0 0 0 0 o o 0 o Otnu.-B,sssu GNB 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 010 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.0 Keny. KEN 0 0 28 2 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 13 9 0 0 3 5 0 0 6 4 0 0 0 0 44 0 0 3 0 2 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lesotho LSO Libme LBR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 n'D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Libya LBY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,0 0 4 0 0 0 1 0.2 MDG 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Madag.scarr mala., mwi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mail ML] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OA o o o o o o o 0 Mauritania MRT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 ola Matintnis mus 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 8 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Morocco MAR 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 o I aij Mozamblq.e moz t) 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 6 7 02 00 0 0 0 0 010 Nanubla NAM Nigc, NER 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O'l 0 0 0 0 0 0 OX N,germ NGA 0 0 0 0 14 1 0 0 3 7 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,5 0 2 0 6 0 2 1X3 Rcumon REU o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 Rwand. RWA 0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sao Tome nd Pnnc,pe STP 0 0 0 0 .. a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scnegal SEN 0 0 0 0 0 0 .. 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 013 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Seychcllcs SYC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 o 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 ooo So:rm Leone SLE -0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .. 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ella Somalia som 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 010 South A fnca ZAF I 9 4 4 0 4 1 1 5 5 1 4 0 1 .. 1 2 0 0 12 4 1 2 0 1 6 5 67 6 51 2 4 0 0 4 0 2 0 3 0A Sudan SDN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 1 O'D Swazilud swz Tmmia TZA 0 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 .. 0 0 0 0 3 1 1 2 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Togo TGO 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .. 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 k1O Turns,. TUN 0 0 00 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 all 0 2 0 0 00 oi Uganda UGA 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 .. 0 0 00 010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zamb,a ZMB 0 0 1 4 0 ( 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 6 1 9 0 0 0 0 0 2 .. I 0 012 0 0 0 0 0 0 go Zimbabwe ZWE 0 0 0 0 00 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 00 Sub-Sahman Africa SSA 4 1 4216 :8 2010 7 11,9 14.4 214 21.9 16 1 06 54 4 10,9 61.4 1-2,1 1,3 t 4 European Conununity EU 43 6 28 9 65 0 51 4 26 7 62 0 8 0 43 7 33 2 14 8 25 3 38 2 79 2 20 0 12 7 16 6 40,6 62 9 17 7 24 9 31 4 North America NNA 9 9 8 9 22 1 6 0 37 7 7 7 ' 0 lo 3 3 '2 4 0 3 5 3 9 2 2 2 7 '93 7 6 29 6 16 8 16,2 Rest of World ROW 42 4 19 6 '10 2 22 6 28I 'Il'i 14 7 il g Ill 6 71 : 447 9 41 6 16 7 21 7 14 1 13 3 38 0 28 1 51 3 57 3 45,1 World World 1 1006_ 00 0 IMO 1000 100.0 I00 0 100 0 loo 0 tooo 100.0 10601' 100 0 loo 0 IODIO 1000 100,0 too ti loo 0 1000 .100 0 100'a Notc - mmns "not applicable " Note -- means "not applicable South Affica's dat. for 2001 is taken fn South Africa's data for 2001 v; takm from pannff co-tnes'dota Source Intcmational Monetary Fund's SotLrce Intmational Monetary Fund's DiTection ofTmde database A 9, X O Mo 5 g | -- o o 5 g 3 3 w q: C -Z C) C) 3) 3) 3) 3n MC M o o n o4 n n n w w w M > > 00 > a 02 2 M 0 0> i 0 0 > ° > a- _.a 0 0 0 M 0 > 0 C i 0 > M > C - 000 0> <~~~~~~ . . . . ., . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =~~~~~5 . .O¢ .: . .0 . . . 0 _0 000 000- 0X 000 000 0 09 00OO00 r\ 0er* V,oo oooXoowooowoo Zwoooo__ooo -5 0, 0CC - 0 0 0 0 _ 0 0 00 00 0 0 _ 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ 0 00 0 0 0 0 O 0x 0 0 04 0 0 _ 0 O _0 x O, w2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. . . . .0 0 . . . 0 0 0 0 0 .0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 .0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 . . . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . .9 .. 0~ 0 0 0 . . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 . 0 0 . 0 . 0 0 . . 0 0 0 0 00 0 . . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~CD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ ~ ~ . .0 0 0. . . 0 . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . . 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .0 0. 0 0 0 0 . . 0 0 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 .. . .0 0 0 . 0.0 0. 0 0 0 . 0.0 0 0 . . 0 0 . .0 . 0 . 0 0 . . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 00. 0 31~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~< .00 0 . . . a . 0 0 0 0 0 0 .o . 00 . 0 . 0 .D . . 0. 0.00 . 0 . . . 0 .0.00 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 . - 0. 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R . °' . . . . . . . . . . . . . OOOOOOO0000O OOOOOOOOO OO _O OO 0 0OO 0O0 _ 00000 .. . . . . . . . . .0.... . . . . . . . o o 0 . . . o . . . . . . . . . . . - 2 o o o o ° ° ° ° ° °o o ww o ° °° ° ° ° ° 5 o ° ° ° ° °° ° ° ° ° ° .°.°. .°. . . . . . . .S. . . . . . C 0 o o o o o o o o o - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E 0 - 0 0 0~~~~~ 1 , 0 0000000 0~~000u0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 00Z Z Z 0 0 0 w *Oo Fo o 0 I j j 'g oS.- o oo oo ooo9, 0 I0 l uuuu0 A00 1 Y 3_ _ _ _ o_ _oo_ __oo o_ _oo o_ o o _ o_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ o_ __o_o_ _ __o o_ _ __oo o o o o o o o " Y w £ R c H o O- 0 o00 U .U -. UU00o C0o o 0 r .0O_sOOco>oowNoO>we"tfyE *5a° t3a2 °Q°Q XFoo > 3>22 Z°>3 Z> a3So .2 003E0 s~ ~ ~~~~0 K~. w 0 f External Sector 145 Figure 5-1. Terms of trade gains and losses, average 1992-2001* (annual average percent change) -10.0 -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 0.0 2 0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10 0 Sierra Leone Equatorial Guinea T2_ 9i Angola _ I I Nigeria Madagascar Comoros Congo. Democratic Republic Congo Seychelles _ Sao Tome and Principe Botswana Cameroon Lesotho Kenya- Rwanda Cote d Ivoire Ethioptar Eritea Ghana Mauritius U Namibia Chad 0 Mauritania I Senegal Mali Guinea Mozambique Malawi Burundi Niger Guinea-Bissau Central African Republic . I 146 External Sector Technical notes Tables property and labor income. Net interest is recorded on an accrual basis, that is, interest obligations are Tables 5-1 and 5-2. Merchandise exports and mer- included whether payments are made or not. chandise imports, f.o.b. Merchandise exports and imports (World Bank country desks) are both valued Table 5-5. Net private transfers. Net private trans- f.o.b. and comprise all transactions involving a change fers (World Bank country desks) are inflows (from of ownership of goods, including nonmonetary gold, private sources to either private or public recipients) between residents of a country and the rest of the less outflows from private sources to either private or world. These transactions include those in which public recipients that carry no provisions for repay- ownership changes even though goods do not cross ments. They include workers' remittances; transfers customs borders. The few types of goods not covered by migrants; gifts, dowries, and inheritances; and ali- by the merchandise account include travelers' pur- mony and other support remittances. chases abroad, which are included in travel, and pur- chases of goods by diplomatic and military person- Table 5-6. Net official current transfers. Net offi- nel, which are classified under other official goods, cial transfers (World Bank country desks) are the of- services, and income. ficial sources counterpart of Table 5-5. They include transfers on both current and capital accounts, in- Tables 5-3 and 5-4. Exports and imports of total cluding govemment grants of real resources and fi- services. Service exports and imports (World Bank nancial items such as subsidies to current budgets, country desks) include total nonfactor and factor ser- grants of technical assistance, and government con- vices, based on transactions involving ownership tributions to intemational organizations for adminis- changes as explained above for goods Nonfactor ser- trative expenses. vices comprise shipment, passenger and other trans- port services, and travel, as well as current account Table 5-7. Current account balance, excluding net transactions not separately reported (that is, not clas- capital grants. Current account balance (World Bank sified as merchandise, nonfactor services, or trans- country desks), as presented here, is the difference fers). These include transactions with nonresidents by between exports of goods and all services plus in- government agencies and their personnel abroad, as flows of unrequited current transfers (official and pri- well as transactions by pnvate residents with foreign vate) and imports of goods and all services plus out- govemments and govemment personnel stationed in flows of unrequited transfers to the rest of the world. the reporting country. Factor services comprise ser- Other common presentations exclude or include both vices of labor and capital, thus covering income from current and capital official transfers. Data in previ- direct investment abroad, interest, dividends, and ous volumes included both. External Sector 147 Table 5-8. Current account balance, excluding net an increase in reserves. This table incorporates cor- capital grants, as a percentage of GDP. It is de- rections to data in ADI 1996. fined as the ratio of figures presented in Table 5-7 to GDP in current prices (Table 2-5). Table 5-14. Import coverage ratio of reserves. This ratio gives the number of months, at current import Table 5-9. Net capital grants. These grants (World levels, that can adequately be covered by available Bank country desks) are unrequited transfers, often foreign exchange reserves (World Bank country used to finance balance of payments deficits. desks). It is obtained by dividing the stock of reserves by imports divided by 12. Table 5-10. Net foreign direct investment. Net for- eign direct investment (World Bank country desks) Tables 5-15 and 5-16. Export and import unit is the net amount invested or reinvested by nonresi- values. The indexes for total export and import unit dents to acquire a lasting interest in enterprises in values (World Bank country desks) are based on ex- which they exercise significant managerial control. ports and imports of goods and nonfactor services Investment includes equity capital, reinvested eam- from the national accounts. These indexes are calcu- ings, and other capital. The net figures subtract the lated by dividing the values of exports and imports value of direct investment abroad by residents of the expressed in current U.S. dollars (Tables 2-14 and reporting country. 2-15) by the volume of exports (f.o.b.) and imports (c.i.f.) expressed in constant 1995 U.S. dollars (Tables Table 5-11. Net long-term borrowing. Net long-term 2-16 and 2-17). Because of the way these trade unit borrowing is calculated as disbursements less the re- value indexes are calculated (Paasche indexes, with payment of principal (amortization) of public, pub- changing weights), they reflect the composition of licly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed borrow- exports and imports in each year and may not give a ings that have an original or extended matunty of more reliable trend in unit values when trade composition than one year and that are repayable in foreign cur- changes dramatically. By contrast, this index reflects rencies, goods, or services. These data are as reported more accurately shifts in a country's actual composi- in the World Bank's Debtor Reporting System (DRS) tion of trade than would an index using weights based and are in accord with the data on extemal debt dis- on trade shares in a single year. Data may differ from cussed in Chapter 6. those in ADI 1992 and ADI 1994-95 because a dif- ferent source was used for this volume. Table 5-12. Other capital flows. Other capital flows comprise the net balance of inflows and outflows of Table 5-17. Terms of trade. Terms of trade measure capital not elsewhere included. It covers, for example, the relative movement of export and import prices. changes in the stock of short-term debt, arrears, and This series is calculated as the ratio of a country's other liabilities (all adjusted for valuation changes export unit values or prices (Table 5-15) to its import resulting from exchange rate changes and other fac- unit values or prices (Table 5-16). It shows changes tors), and errors and omissions. This table incorpo- over a base year (1995) in the level of export unit rates corrections to data in ADI 1992. valuesasapercentageofimportunitvalues Datamay differ from those in ADI 1992 and AD] 1994-95 be- Table 5-13. Use of reserves. This table (World Bank cause a different source was used for this volume. country desks) shows the variation from year to year of the net balance of intemational reserve assets and Table 5-18. Forest products exports. Exports of is valued throughout at year-end London prices (for forest production (FAO data) are given as an aggre- example, US$37.37 an ounce in 1980 and US$484.10 gate including all wood from trees and forests (co- an ounce in 1987). Positive numbers represent a de- niferous and nonconiferous), whether in natural form crease or use of reserves; negative numbers represent or partially processed (SITC 245, 246, and 247); 148 External Sector sawwood and sleepers (SITC 248); and wood-based Table 5-28. Sisal exports. Only sisal fiber exports panels and fiberwood, compressed or noncompressed are included (FAO data) (SITC 634 and 641). Table 5-29. Tea exports. Tea exports figures are for Table 5-19. Petroleum exports. This table contains processed tea (FAO data). the volumes of crude petroleum exported (World Bank, IEABAL). Data may differ from ADI 1992 and Table 5-30. Sugar exports. Sugar exports are shown ADI 1994-95 because a different source was used for in terms of raw sugar equivalent. The conversion fac- this volume. tor to express refined sugar in raw sugar equivalent is 1.087 for all countries (FAO data). Table 5-20. Copper exports. The table presents the unweighted sum of the metal content weights of cop- Table 5-31. Tobacco exports. Only tobacco leaves per ore and concentrate and of unrefined plus refined are included (FAO data). copper, metal, and alloys, unwrought (World Bank, METMIN). Data may differ from ADI 1992 and ADI Table 5-32. Meat exports. Meat exports are defined 1994-95 because a different source was used for this as fresh, chilled, or frozen meat (SITC category 011) volume. (FAO data). Table 5-21. Iron exports. These are exports mea- Tables 5-33 and 5-34. Manufactured goods exports. sured in metal content weight of iron ore (World Bank, Data reported in these tables follow the classification METMIN). of manufacturing industries as reported in the UN International Standard Industrial Classification ofAll Table 5-22. Phosphates exports. These are the vol- Economic Activities (ISIC), Revision 2 (World Bank ume of phosphates exports, expressed as the weight country desks). First table is expressed in current of mineral content in phosphate rock (World Bank, prices; second table shows growth. METMIN). Tables 5-35 and 5-36. Food imports. Data refer to Table 5-23. Cocoa exports. Cocoa exports include the sum of food, beverages, tobacco, oilseeds and ole- cocoa beans, cocoa powder and cake, cocoa paste, aginous fruits, animal and vegetable oils, and fats cocoa butter, and chocolate products not elsewhere (SITC sections 0, 1, and 4 and division 22) (World specified (FAO data). Bank country desks). First table is expressed in cur- rent prices; second table shows growth. Table 5-24. Coffee exports. Coffee exports are shown for green and roasted beans (FAO data). Tables 5-37 and 5-38. Nonfood consumer goods imports. Data reported in these tables show consumer Table 5-25. Cotton exports. Cotton exports refer to goods imports other than food. Data are calculated as cotton lint only (FAO data). total merchandise imports less food, fuel, intermedi- ate goods, and capital goods imports (World Bank Table 5-26. Groundnut exports. Groundnut exports country desks). First table is expressed in current include the weight of groundnuts in shelled equiva- prices; second table shows growth. lent (using a conversion factor of 70 percent), ground- nut oil, and groundnut cake (FAO data). Tables 5-39 and 5-40. Fuel imports. Figures are defined as SITC section 3 (sum of Canada, Mexico, Table 5-27. Oil palm products exports. Exports of and United States) (World Bank country desks). First oil palm products consist of palm oil and palm ker- table presents data in current prices; second table nels (FAO data). shows growth. External Sector 149 Tables 5-41 and 5-42. Primary intermediate goods Tables 5-50, 5-51, and 5-52. Direction of trade ma- imports. Data on these tables comprise minerals, ores, trix, exports. As with the foregoing, for each ex- and metals imports (the sum of SITC divisions 27, porter, these tables show the percentage of the value 28, and 68 and item 522.56) and agricultural raw of total exports, f.o.b., that goes to each of its trade materials imports (the sum of SITC section 2, less partners for 1990, 1995, and 2000, respectively. These divisions 22, 27, and 28 and groups 233, 244, 266, are calculated from Tables 5-53 to 5-55, below. and 267) Synthetics are excluded (World Bank coun- In these tables data posted under South Africa are try desks). First table presents data in current prices; for South Africa Customs Union, which comprises second table shows growth. Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Swaziland. Tables 5-43 and 5-44. Manufactured goods im- ports. Data reported on these tables follow the clas- Tables 5-53, 5-54, and 5-55. Direction of trade sification of manufacturing industries as reported in matrix, current U.S. dollars. These are the value of the UN International Standard Industrial Classifica- trade in goods and services to or from the countries tion of All Economic Activities (ISIC), Revision 2 indicated. Matrices are shown for 1991, 1996, and (World Bank country desks). First table presents data 2001. They form the basis for the calculations in the in current prices; second table shows growth. previous six tables. Data for South Africa are for the South Africa Customs Union, which comprises Tables 5-45 and 5-46. Capital goods imports. Data Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and shown here are for machinery and transport equip- Swaziland. The source of the data is the International ment (SITC section 7) (World Bank country desks). Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database. IMF First table presents data in current prices; second table staff have estimated some of these numbers in order shows growth. to have a consistent time series. Tables 5-47, 5-48, and 5-49. Direction of trade matrix, imports. These tables show, for each import- Figure ing country, the percentage of the value of its total imports that originates from each of the exporting The following indicator has been used to derive the countries for 1990,1995, and 2000, respectively. They figures in this chapter. are calculated from Tables 5-53 to 5-55, below. In these tables data posted under South Africa are Figure 5-1. Terms of trade gains or losses (Table for South Africa Customs Union, which comprises 5-17). Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Swaziland. 150 External Sector Methodology used for regional aggregations and period averages in chapter 5 a Aggregations Period averages b Table (1) (3) (4) (6) (2) (3) 5-1 x x 5-2 x x 5-3 x x 5-4 x x 5-5 x x 5-6 x x 5-7 x x 5-8 x x 5-9 x x 5-10 x x 5-11 x x 5-12 x x 5-13 x x 5-14 x x 5-15 x x 5-16 x x 5-17 x x 5-18 x x 5-19 x x 5-20 x x 5-21 x x 5-22 x x 5-23 x x 5-24 x x 5-25 x x 5-26 x x 5-27 x x 5-28 x x 5-29 x x 5-30 x x 5-31 x x 5-32 x x 5-33 x x 5-34 x x 5-35 x x 5-36 x x 5-37 x x 5-38 x x 5.39 x x 5 40 x x 5-41 x x 5-42 x x 5-43 x x 5-44 x x 5.45 x x 5-46 x x 5-47 x 5-48 x 5-49 x 5-50 x 5-51 x 5-52 x 5-53 x 5-54 x 5-55 x Note Regional aggregations are shown in the rows for Sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa, and All Africa Period averages are shown in the last three columns This table shows only the methodologies used in this chapter a Regional aggregations (I) simple total, (2) simple total of the first indicator divided by the simple total of the second indicator (same countiy coverage), (3) simple total of the gap-filled indicator, (4) simple total of the gap-filled main indicator divided by the simple total of the gap-filled secondary indicator, (5) simple total of the first gap-filled main indicator less the simple total of the second gap-filled main indicator, all divided by the simple total of the secondary indicator, (6) weighted total (by population), (7) median, (8) no aggregation, (9) simple arithmetic mean b Period averages (I) anthmetic mean (using the same series as shown in the table i e, ratio if the rest of the table is shown as ratio, level if the rest of the table is shown as level, growth rate if the rest is shown as growth rate), (2) least-squares growth rate (using main indicator), (3) least-squares growth rate (using main indicator in constant terms, with the rest of the table in current terms) External Debt and Related Flows T he tables in this chapter provide a consistent pre- DRS data, especially for recent years, on debt not guar- sentation of the structure and terms of external anteed by debtor governments and on short-term debt. debt and debt servicing. No data are presented The figures in this chapter are based mostly on data on debt owed to domestic lenders. The aggregates and supplied by debtor countries. Other data series on debt, ratios provide various measures of a country's exter- on which the World Bank may base some of its esti- nal debt situation. These measures include the size of mates, are maintained by the Organization for Eco- debt and its servicing requirements, the amount of debt nomic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the relative to GDP, the ratio of debt-servicing payments Bank for International Settlements (BIS) from data to exports, and the interest rate and terms of the stock provided by creditor governments and agencies. No of debt (including grace period, maturity, and grant figures are given for Libya and Namibia, which do element). not report debt information to the DRS. However, These tables follow the presentation in the Global totals do include estimates for these countries. Development Finance (GDF-formerly World Debt The following definitions apply throughout the Tables) and therefore show IMF purchases, repur- chapter. Long-term loans have an original or extended chases, charges, and net purchases separately from maturity of more than one year, while the maturity on long- and short-term lending, repayments, interests, short-term loans is one year or less. Official and pri- or net lending. While IMTF purchases and repurchases vate refer to the source of the foreign loans. Official are not strictly lending (they are swaps of currency), loans are from multilateral organizations (excluding they do add to, or subtract from, the resources avail- the IMF) and from foreign governments; these loans able for consumption or investment and do impose a are either made directly to the government of the bor- liability against future income streams. For this rea- rowing country or guaranteed by it, or its agencies, son, IMF transactions are included here. when made to a third party. Private loans are from the Data on debt and related flows are drawn largely private sector, including foreign parent companies and from the World Bank's Debtor Reporting System their affiliates, suppliers, financial markets (such as (DRS), to which member countries submit detailed commercial banks), and other sources. These private accounts on the annual status, transactions, and terms loans may or may not be guaranteed by creditor or of debt and related flows. World Bank and IMF staff debtor governments and agencies. "Public and pub- estimates based on other sources of data supplement licly guaranteed" loans, as defined by the DRS, refer 151 152 External Debt and Related Flows to loans from both official and private foreign sources Concessional loans carry a grant element of 25 per- that are made to, or guaranteed by, the debtor govern- cent or more (based on a standard 1 0 percent dis- ment or its agencies. Almost all loans from foreign count rate), which is consistent with the Develop- official sources are public or publicly guaranteed. ment Assistance Committee of the OECD (DAC) defi- Some loans from foreign private sources are made to, nition of ODA (see Chapter 12). Nonconcessional loans or guaranteed by, the debtor government or its agen- carry a grant element of less than 25 percent. In this cies (these are labeledprivate guaranteed by the DRS). chapter, private loans are shown separately from of- Some loans from foreign private sources are not pub- ficial nonconcessional loans. lic or publicly guaranteed (these are labeled private Additional information, definitions, and methodol- nonguaranteed by DRS). ogy are available in the World Bank, Global Devel- opment Finance 2001 (formerly World Debt Tables). External Debt anid Related Flows 153 6-1. Gross disbursements:- official concessional long-term loans Millions of US dollars (current prices) Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 200) 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAH-ARAN AFRICA 2,547 4,815 4,861 4,869 4,691 4,241 3,976 3,561 3,352 3,352 3,556 2,652 4,435 4.223 excluding South Aftica 2,547 4,815 4,861 4.869 4,691 4,241 3.976 3,561 3,352 3,352 3,556 2,652 4,435 4,223 excl S,Africa &Nigena 2,499 4,779 4,793 4,792 4,593 4,146 3,879 3,416 3,271 3,284 3,536 2,627 4,413 4.145 Angola 0 40 31 73 63 43 36 80 68 34 19 3 38 52 Benin 35 76 79 101 96 104 49 50 70 61 108 33 66 83 Botswana 9 21 40 37 57 15 13 9 4 9 7 1 1 1 8 23 Burkina Faso 4 1 133 131 105 110 102 70 90 108 87 125 36 75 lOS Bunindi 38 105 76 52 45 34 19 30 20 36 1 2 32 95 50 Canmeroon 143 380 311 372 64 155 220 161 171 216 103 118 115 196 Cape Verde 0 14 6 28 16 1 7 20 32 57 29 40 3 II1 23 Central African Republic 1 9 45 50 44 32 27 5 3 6 16 0 IS5 65 36 Chaid 5 69 58 69 58 97 80 43 86 33 39 1 6 43 68 Comoros 13 IS8 8 12 10 10 6 4 1 3 12 II1 14 8 Cong_.o, Democratic Rep of 131 66 58 I 0 3 0 0 8 0 0 127 234 39 Congo, Republic of 49 1 7 8 194 14 2 3 0 0 0 38 61 71 35 C6te dIlvoire 42 366 473 767 548 395 150 312 141 131 10 62 91 319 Djibouti 1 43 26 26 18 24 1 2 5 3 8 1 1 7 23 21 EquatorialGuinea 4 15 10 4 2 2 3 1 4 2 0 3 17 5 Entrea 0 0 0 27 7 5 32 64 98 50 lOS 0 0 32 Ethiopia 70 184 348 211 199 223 95 115 206 180 523 395 438 224 Gabon 16 9 19 53 64 27 96 13 21 0 0 II1 36 37 Gambia, The 27 48 22 22 23 58 24 16 21 21 23 13 26 27 Ghana 114 318 342 324 407 392 404 416 317 320 324 66 251 353 Guinea 56 156 228 125 123 84 173 118 76 60 91 57 176 134 Guinea-Bissau 49 40 23 26 21 28 30 15 2 14 6 16 32 23 Kenya 160 229 309 197 527 289 157 167 100 285 173 117 223 266 Lesotho 7 54 28 43 28 24 29 28 28 28 20 1 1 27 33 Libena 39 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 20 3 Madagascar 153 102 104 72 88 116 214 102 125 140 132 95 169 131 Malawi 45 137 187 107 211 161 162 147 128 115 117 44 86 147 Mali 75 162 79 120 188 153 118 99 121 96 105 73 140 129 Maunitania 96 73 142 III 101 114 80 53 46 102 77 82 106 87 Mauritius 16 48 42 25 22 12 30 13 19 26 21 14 34 33 Mozambique 0 187 173 221 219 272 239 221 130 124 122 74 255 182 Namibia Niger 59 81 67 68 28 41 85 85 48 68 78 40 108 64 Nigeria 49 36 67 77 99 94 97 145 81 68 20 25 21 78 Rwanda 27 80 61 22 54 62 70 88 82 40 64 27 80 64 SAo Tom6 and Prncspe 8 24 15 15 13 1 1 5 7 12 6 7 4 II1 13 Senegal 113 241 85 98 150 181 199 190 67 119 230 88 279 l58 Seychelles 6 4 3 1 2 4 6 6 6 8 4 4 6 5 Sierra Leone 33 42 96 61 94 73 40 34 14 77 83 18 19 54 Somalia 74 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 101 83 5 South Africa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sudan 270 93 95 10 27 2 0 0 0 0 0 313 203 45 Swaziland 7 5 1 14 13 5 4 4 1I 2 15 8 10 7 Tanzania 159 336 191 230 201 198 245 195 251 203 178 186 196 226 Togo 35 47 17 41 26 99 57 58 38 25 33 37 70 49 Uganda 13 227 328 265 219 211 270 170 171 217 338 33 149 236 Zambia 243 212 205 218 309 205 210 59 194 245 142 100 122 194 Zimnbabwe 1 231 190 183 97 66 120 115 198 51 -1 29 85 119 NORTHl AFRICA 2,079 1,479 1,619 1,539 1,570 1,439 1,093 951 1,062 901 899 1,746 1,088 1,308 Algeria 79 227 352 388 645 387 212 145 341 182 106 78 69 286 Egypt, Arab Republic 1,064 517 543 437 342 418 383 369 180 154 92 1,085 565 424 Libya Morocco 731 433 497 439 405 471 359 294 251 196 332 406 265 357 Tunisia 204 301 227 277 178 164 138 144 290 369 370 177 189 241 ALL AFRICA 4,626 6,293 6,480 6,408 6,262 5,680 5,069 4,512 4,414 4,253 4,455 4,398 5,523 5,531 154 External Debt and Related Flows 6-2. Gross disbursements: official nonconcessional long-term loans Millions of US dollars (current prices) Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SARARAN AFR3CA 1,692 2,064 1,666 1,452 1,192 1,064 970 756 557 514 320 1.464 2,027 1.253 excluding South Africa 1,692 2,064 1,666 1,452 1,192 1,064 970 756 520 423 316 1,464 2,027 1,242 excl. S.Aftica & Nigena 1,618 1,569 1,190 931 858 S50 752 625 426 337 268 1,284 1,487 933 Angola 53 5 0 56 11 0 1 0 0 6 14 103 25 Benin 24 5 2 4 5 5 1 11 3 0 0 8 7 4 Botswana 16 63 32 19 9 12 8 10 3 1 1 16 46 19 BurkinaFaso 18 10 7 2 2 1 1 0 0 1 14 11 14 5 Burundi 1 3 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 1 Cameroon 108 148 84 68 44 21 25 16 18 17 31 71 142 96 Cape Verde 4 5 1 1 1 0 23 7 0 0 11 0 4 Central Afncan Repubhc 6 1 0 0 I 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 8 1 Chad o 75 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 9 2 2 8 Comoros 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Congo,DemocraticRep of 70 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 61 82 25 Congo, Republic of 60 0 0 137 1 2 21 0 0 0 0 38 54 15 Cote d'lvoire 189 285 151 151 121 70 34 77 50 18 2 178 234 154 Djibouti 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 1 0 0 EquatonalGumea 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 0 Entrea 0 0 2 1 3 11 1 0 2 Ethuopia 7 29 21 21 33 49 54 17 24 4 10 11 62 30 Gabon 19 99 71 79 157 62 30 22 6 9 4 36 71 58 Gambia, The 2 7 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 Ghana 106 67 26 21 21 123 37 22 13 30 39 38 39 44 Guinea 9 43 47 44 47 42 39 24 19 10 4 12 11 31 Guinea-Bissau 6 1 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 2 Kenya 73 100 20 59 39 69 15 27 20 23 0 100 134 40 Lesotho 1 23 41 19 27 20 15 8 9 40 4 3 9 19 Libena 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 11 0 Madagascar 59 15 19 10 1 21 103 0 4 11 8 49 50 18 Malawi 60 7 6 4 4 1 5 9 13 3 0 26 21 6 Mali 10 1 5 1 5 3 0 0 0 1 0 5 6 2 Mauntania 16 60 25 28 11 16 9 3 2 8 1 24 26 19 Mauntius 20 15 23 11 17 37 45 37 29 22 5 18 37 25 Mozambique 10 9 8 11 10 20 4 2 4 12 58 18 9 Nanubia Niger 33 1 34 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 27 30 4 Nigena 73 495 476 522 334 214 218 131 94 85 47 180 540 308 Rwanda 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SaoTome andPnncipe 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 3 1 2 1 1 Senegal 74 73 68 34 7 0 1 15 4 6 8 63 28 21 Seychelles 6 6 7 8 7 7 5 8 3 1 0 2 3 5 Sierra Leone 9 10 3 3 1 2 0 13 2 0 0 4 1 3 Somalia 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 2 0 South Afnca 0 0 0 0 0 38 91 4 17 Sudan 297 15 6 2 24 15 5 0 0 0 0 138 23 6 Swaziland 20 1 7 1 4 23 18 27 22 14 12 15 7 12 Tanzama 86 12 4 14 17 3 7 21 2 0 2 81 26 12 Togo 12 1 2 0 0 2 0 11 0 0 0 15 4 2 Uganda 5 21 62 3 11 14 21 4 3 2 2 15 42 14 Zambia 68 38 25 42 18 19 12 5 7 6 10 91 67 23 Zimbabwe 77 252 370 130 137 172 209 210 113 79 34 31 64 159 NORTH AFRICA 1,690 3,560 3,054 2,780 2,571 2,790 2,256 1,571 1,602 1,426 3,359 1,769 3,004 2,517 Algena 487 1,202 812 1,134 947 1,191 993 606 389 608 298 489 673 940 Egypt, Arab Republic 840 434 444 461 242 220 242 88 50 81 153 702 826 268 Libya Morocco 135 882 785 602 950 858 491 562 661 427 265 229 616 686 Tumsia 119 442 614 583 433 521 518 315 502 311 644 131 320 503 ALL AFRICA 3,382 5,624 4,721 4,232 3,763 3,854 3,226 2,328 2,159 1,940 1,679 3,233 5,031 3,769 External Debt and Related Flows 155 6-3. Gross disbursements: private long-term loans Millions of US. dollars (current prices) Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 200) 75-84 85-89 90-AIR SUB-SAH-ARAN4 AFPICA 6,290 1,912 1,969 4,664 5,202 4,337 6,609 3,359 4,316 4,846 5,161 4,469 3,517 3,906 excluding South Africa 6,290 1,912 1,969 1,146 1,654 2,045 1,979 1,313 1,621 1,326 1,562 4,469 3,517 1,752 exel S,Afeira &Nigena 4,660 1,908 1,969 1,146 1,654 2,045 1,9719 1,313 1,621 1,326 1,562 3,071 2,734 1,712 Angola 553 649 344 431 723 1,154 709 875 1,011 1,066 233 712 700 Benin 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 44 1 0 Botswana 3 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 0 6 4 4 Burkina Faso 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 1 0 Burundi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 2 0 Cameroon 364 141 104 8 0 25 14 10 56 39 0 230 354 55 Cape Verde 0 0 0 4 5 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 Central African Republic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 Chad 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 0 Comoros 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Congo, Democratic Rep of 263 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 176 16 0 Congo, Republic of 412 114 451 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 207 272 63 C6te dlvoire 1,508 202 190 317 75 411 52 56 56 0 0 791 219 155 Djibouti 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Equatonal Guinea 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 Enrieca 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0o Ethiopia 33 113 10 4 0 22 30 10 I 2 0 45 98 42 Gabon 135 0 3 2 0 0 20 10 33 21 II1 174 174 13 Gamnbia, The 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 5 0 0 Ghana 0 103 77 123 178 384 208 164 67 45 212 12 64 142 Guinea 57 0 1 1 0 0 17 20 7 0 0 0 29 13 5 Gumnea-Bissau 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 Kcnya 387 173 87 6 132 72 48 36 139 56 74 224 284 125 Lesotho 5 2 3 2 16 33 24 29 1 5 2 2 4 8 12 Libena I1I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 0 Madagascar 163 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 64 10 0 Malawi 48 14 I 10 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 29 7 3 Mali 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 0 Mauntania 14 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 24 4 2 Mauntius 61 63 39 150 369 91 118 1 I 97 85 45 28 45 101 Mozambique 4 8 4 36 0 6 0 0 0 0 61 46 -9 Namibia Niger 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 91 45 4 Nigena 1,630 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,399 782 40 Rwanda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 Slo Tom6 andPrnncipe 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Senegal 141 8 I I I 0 21 2 1 1 58 74 29 10 Seychelles 0 IS 8 9 0 1 0 10 I 0 0 I 6 5 SierraLeone 42 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 1 0 Somalia 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 1 0 South Aftica 3,518 3,549 2,291 4,630 2,046 2,695 3,520 3,599 3,231 Sudan 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 Swaziland 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 14 3 3 -4 Tanzania 122 35 45 17 42 6 0 0 7 10 1 63 48 15 Togo 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63 0 0 Uganda 65 6 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 36 60 6 Zamnbia 289 33 II 35 25 13 50 20 50 10 60 154 62 33 Zimbabwe 55 329 172 115 338 209 167 225 178 41 6 167 128 194 NORTH AFRICA 5,014 7,529 6,566 4,561 3,756 2,574 2,158 1,993 2,232 2,617 3,774 4,872 6.440 4,2 Algena 2,832 6,118 5,363 3,268 2,092 1,308 438 399 394 425 577 2,743 4,206 2,532 Egypt, Arab Republic 776 375 168 260 40 33 265 289 353 352 1,725 780 1,318 440 Libya Morocco 1,119 569 755 762 734 428 462 732 622 1,001 589 906 519 617 Tunisia 288 467 281 199 777 648 824 189 638 840 883 306 318 526 AILLAFRICA 11,304 9.441 8,535 9,225 8,958 6,910 8,767 5,351 6,548 7,463 8,935 9,341 9,957 8,1131 156 External Debt and Related Flows 6-4. Disbursements: long-term loans and IMF purchases Millions of US dollars (current prices) Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MIR SUB-SAHARIAN AFRICA 11,746 9,317 9,643 31t.903 14,079 10,294 12,078 8,481 8,742 9F,212 9,581 9,553 10,788 10,246 excluding South Afe*a 11,746 9,317 8,785 8,384 10,531 8,003 7,449 6,435 6,009 5.600 5,"7 9,553 10,788 8,009 excl S.Africa & Nigeria 9,993 8,182 8,241 1,786 10,098 7,695 7,134 6,159 5,834 $,447 5,911 7,950 9,444 7,583 Angola 0 647 685 417 550 778 1,190 790 943 1,045 1.090 102 853 777 Benin 7 1 8 1 103 130 115 128 57 62 83 70 119 86 76 98 Botswana 28 84 102 56 66 27 2 1 19 1 7 14 7 34 69 46 Burkna Faso 70 143 151 132 139 112 89 108 125 96 161 56 90 124 Burnind 45 126 77 53 45 35 1 9 3 1 20 36 1 2 44 112 53 Cameroon 626 669 499 478 121 230 296 260 306 340 154 427 634 375 Cape Verde 0 18 10 29 21 24 22 55 63 29 50 8 1 1 28 Central African Republic 40 46 50 59 33 27 6 15 17 16 1 1 27 82 41 Chad 5 143 58 83 70 123 92 54 98 47 66 26 51 86 Comoros 13 18 8 14 10 10 6 4 1 3 12 12 IS5 8 Congo, Democratic Rep of 603 83 58 1 0 3 0 0 8 0 0 482 461 64 Congo, Republic of 526 132 459 350 15 24 24 10 0 14 38 310 399 118 C6te d'lvoire 1,777 853 813 1,405 924 1,014 236 613 247 148 12 1,114 599 699 Djibouti 1 0 43 26 26 1 8 28 14 8 8 1 1 16 9 24 23 Equatonial Guinea 38 1 5 14 7 2 2 3 1 4 2 0 -12 21 6 Entrea 27 7 7 33 67 108 5 1 108 5 Ethiopia 119 346 409 256 232 315 179 162 231 185 577 470 606 309 Gabon 171 108 93 198 279 121 168 46 59 47 1 5 222 308 125 Gambia, The 56 55 26 23 23 58 24 21 26 30 31 26 35 32 Ghana 249 488 509 468 648 940 649 713 457 429 642 184 495 592 Guinea 129 210 286 182 200 143 265 180 106 70 122 103 212 183 Guinea-Bissau 75 41 23 28 24 31 36 18 5 22 6 24 44 27 Kenya 714 502 447 294 698 467 219 231 259 409 247 515 722 458 Lesotho 15 86 82 69 70 76 68 65 53 69 34 19 47 67 Libena 109 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 113 31 3 Madagascar 444 117 123 82 90 156 336 102 147 200 169 234 264 164 Malawi 190 158 194 147 227 184 178 173 152 126 117 120 129 168 Mali 109 177 98 164 238 186 147 114 144 105 128 95 157 153 Mauntania 155 145 179 163 133 176 108 55 57 118 102 141 150 121 Mauntius 143 127 105 186 409 140 193 60 145 132 71 87 128 158 Mozambique 0 265 211 254 267 300 300 259 161 187 145 122 331 229 Nwmibia Niger 290 83 100 89 28 56 III II] 48 79 89 164 180 81 Nigenia 1,752 535 544 598 433 308 314 276 175 153 67 1,603 1,344 426 Rwanda 34 81 61 22 68 62 92 104 III 65 76 31 81 75 Sao Tom anid Prncipe 10 24 15 15 13 11 5 7 16 11 8 7 13 14 Senegal 395 322 153 201 241 216 270 255 92 145 325 261 399 225 Seychelles 12 25 18 18 8 12 11 23 10 8 5 7 16 14 Sierra Leone 104 52 100 200 115 90 47 62 36 91 143 63 26 81 Somalia 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 158 101 5 South Africa 0 0 858 3,518 3,549 2,291 4,630 2,046 2,732 3,611 3,603 0 0 2,237 Sudan 921 108 101 12 51 17 5 0 0 0 0 655 226 5I Swaziland 29 7 8 IS 18 28 55 31 33 16 41 29 20 23 Tanzania 433 473 240 261 260 244 336 264 341 266 232 353 295 296 Togo 119 59 19 56 59 101 72 84 38 25 33 124 89 61 Uganda 161 308 409 320 285 288 351 224 209 231 354 135 287 301 Zambia 690 282 241 294 2,606 236 286 84 264 287 308 482 276 451 Zimbabwe 132 1,034 799 504 652 447 496 604 522 170 39 257 277 516 NORTH AFRICA 9,124 12,786 11,240 9,722 8,372 7,54 5,971 4,858 5,201 4,944 6,033 8,612 10,892 8,388 Algeria 3,398 7,547 6,526 5,631 4,157 3,629 2,107 1,494 1,429 1,215 980 3,310 5,069 4,048 Egypt, Arab Republic 2,743 1,445 1,155 1,157 624 671 890 746 584 586 1,970 2,627 2,740 1,149 Libya Morocco 2,262 1,910 2,037 1,802 2,089 1,757 1,313 1,587 1,534 1,624 1,186 1,704 1,557 1,668 Tunisia 611 1.283 1.122 1,059 1,389 1,333 1,480 648 1.430 1,520 1,896 616 877 1.293 ALL AFRICA 20,870 22,102 20,882 21,625 22,451 17,840 18,049 17,739 13,943 14,156 15,613 18,164 21,680 18,634 Note In 1995, Zambia was able io clear its Taercas to the IMF after completing a 3 year Rights Arrangement Program External Debt and Related Flows 157 6-5. Amortization: official concessional long-term loans Millions of US dollars (current prices) Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-AR SUB-SARARAN AFRICA 243 5S9 773 718 878 884 1,026 1,731 1,638 1,377 1,525 238 534 1,028 excluding South Africa 243 589 773 718 878 884 1,026 1,731 1,638 1,377 1,525 238 534 1,028 excl S.Africa &Nigena 229 588 611 717 876 883 954 1,410 1,635 1,373 1,507 225 524 978 Angola 0 3 2 9 3 8 8 363 406 217 321 0 2 112 Benin 1 8 12 12 15 14 18 19 22 38 29 2 4 17 Botswana 0 9 13 14 11 15 30 14 188 18 15 1 5 14 BurkinaFaso 4 9 11 18 20 23 25 27 30 24 20 2 8 19 Burundi 1 14 15 16 14 6 8 9 12 9 12 1 10 12 Camneroon 13 20 37 12 12 14 49 75 47 60 53 12 23 35 Cape Verde 0 5 2 3 4 3 7 6 4 7 6 0 1 4 Central Affican Republic 0 2 1 5 2 2 4 10 6 7 9 1 2 4 Chad 3 3 1 6 2 7 6 7 12 12 18 1 2 6 Comoros 0 2 2 2 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 Congo,DemocraticRep of 3 5 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 10 2 Congo, Republic of I I 0 1 8 7 22 0 0 0 1 5 10 4 4 COte d'lvoire 18 88 78 56 65 81 68 106 216 131 70 15 35 93 Djibouti 2 7 6 9 9 9 5 3 6 8 7 1 5 7 Equatonal Guinea 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 I 0 0 0 Entrea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Ethiopia 7 14 16 19 25 35 26 38 48 37 76 9 53 31 Gabon 4 23 7 8 12 9 39 28 45 16 80 5 4 23 Gambia, The 0 9 8 9 8 9 10 12 9 10 9 1 5 9 Ghana 14 33 32 56 55 56 54 83 99 109 63 20 33 59 Guinea 44 19 16 26 86 44 29 31 43 38 57 36 42 41 Guinea-Blissau 0 1 1 2 4 3 5 6 3 3 11 0 2 5 Kenya 6 33 39 67 69 68 59 64 80 85 55 8 25 58 Lesotho 0 5 9 6 11 11 12 10 II 13 31 1 3 10 Libena I 0 1 I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 1 Madagascar 18 20 12 13 10 21 55 39 40 59 43 19 13 28 Malawi 2 10 9 10 16 19 21 19 15 18 33 2 4 16 Mali 4 23 23 39 45 42 38 40 58 49 55 4 17 37 Mauntania 3 26 40 33 37 37 39 41 36 34 47 3 28 34 Mauntius 2 31 23 22 25 27 47 23 23 23 28 2 10 25 Mozanbique 0 13 12 17 24 29 33 24 21 26 35 2 18 21 Namibia Niger 16 4 12 6 6 7 18 12 11 12 16 5 8 9 Nigena 14 1 162 1 2 1 72 321 3 5 17 13 10 49 Rwanda 0 8 11 2 11 8 9 8 10 11 21 1 7 10 Sao Tome and Pnncipe 0 I 0 0 I I I 1 2 2 3 0 1 1 Senegal 7 32 31 68 72 64 47 89 89 90 99 5 28 65 Seychelles 0 4 4 3 4 2 2 4 6 5 4 0 1 4 Sierra Leone 2 5 3 9 7 6 6 10 3 6 5 3 3 5 Somalia 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 South Affica 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sudan 14 8 5 3 9 0 0 0 0 2 1 16 48 3 Swaziland 1 6 7 7 8 10 8 7 6 8 6 1 3 7 Tanzania 19 36 38 40 38 54 35 48 64 82 88 14 32 50 Togo 2 5 4 4 7 15 13 13 16 10 11 8 6 9 Uganda 2 10 16 23 22 23 37 44 48 30 29 2 5 25 Zanbia 3 4 10 21 47 34 33 27 15 40 23 2 3 22 Zimbabwe 2 32 38 35 58 47 51 48 53 20 13 1 9 37 NORTH AFRICA 294 512 576 739 701 777 988 1,101 1,167 1,364 1,578 264 374 875 Algena 73 86 84 62 54 110 128 175 234 274 288 72 97 140 Egypt, Arab Republic 119 99 56 68 151 225 288 432 458 577 615 111 120 282 Libya Morocco 62 168 282 343 289 227 361 269 266 291 458 41 48 254 Tunisia 41 158 154 266 207 216 211 225 209 223 218 39 109 198 ALL AFRICA 537 1,101 1,349 1,457 1,579 1,661 2,014 2,832 2,804 2,742 3,103 502 908 1,902 158 External Debt and Related Flows 6-6. Amortization: official nonconcessional long-term loans Millions of US. dollars (current prices) Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1993 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75484 85489 90-MR SUB-SAHARAN AFRCA 424 3,448 1,431 1,908 2,119 2,444 1.956 1,782 1,841 2,048 2,440 336 1,127 1,935 excluding Soudli Africa 424 1,448 1,431 1,908 2,119 2,444 3,956 1,782 1,841 2,048 2,440 336 1,127 1,935 excc3. S.Afia &Nigeria 392 1,117 1,103 1,478 1,652 1,718 3,446 1,354 1,385 1,339 927 302 859 1,317 Angola 38 21 25 2 1 26 40 7 1 28 52 28 1 3 1 39 Bcnin 1 7 6 9 10 11 I 30 10 1 4 7 4 2 5 9 Botswana 6 50 43 46 48 49 40 35 34 27 23 3 22 40 Burkina Faso 4 6 9 9 30 7 7 6 9 6 5 2 4 7 Burnmdi 1 6 3 5 3 6 4 4 2 0 0 0 4 4 Caineroon 16 61 101 119 334 180 177 147 113 104 75 1 8 60 114 Cape Verde 3 2 3 2 2 3 8 131 2 2 1 2 3 Central Afrcan Republic 0 2 1 2 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 4 1 Chad 0 1 4 2 1 3 7 5 3 3 1 0 1 3 Comoros 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Co_ngo, Democratic Rep of 100 19- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36 52 6 Congo,.Republic of 10 I 0 119 25 104 53 7 0 4 49 1 1 16 36 Cbte d'Ivoire 37 202 216 299 414 429 261 248 268 152 121 30 103 248 Djibouti I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Equatonal Gumeca 1 2 3 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 Enitrea . 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Ethiopia 4 15 13 33 39 26 18 1 8 28 25 22 6 30 20 Gabon 1 5 61 24 55 78 731 104 67 387 144 142 14 16 82 Gambia,The 0 6 6 6 7 5 3 2 2 3 2 0 1 4 Ghana 22 44 36 45 62 45 55 56 54 62 32 3 5 22 46 Guinea 20 23 17 12 20 14 21 46 23 52 22 9 18 25 Gumnea-Bissau 0 2 0 1 4 3 1 1 0 7 9 0 1 2 Kenya 25 143 139 183 201 195 370 187 182 304 146 22 96 162 Lesotho 0 8 6 6 7 5 8 30 10 14 9 1 4 8 Libena 2 0 3 2 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 3 Madagascar 1 1 2 14 14 9 38 43 18 23 14 1 1 8 36 20 Malawi 3 26 23 23 27 1 8 15 14 32 1 1 9 5 20 22 Mali 0 7 3 14 131 5 4 5 6 4 4 0 2 6 Maunitania 1 25 36 24 32 36 22 19 22 19 16 6 25 28 Mauritius 4 53 34 36 36 3 1 3 1 30 30 33 33 4 19 33 Mozambique . 13 15 35 34 25 12 3 1 8 5 9 1 7 16 Naniibia Niger 2 3 20 8 1 2 2 0 4 2 2 5 32 4 Nigenia 3 1 331 328 429 468 727 510 428 456 930 1,513 34 269 618 Rwanda 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 1 Slo Tom6 and Prncipe I I I I 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 3 1 1 Senegal 12 27 19 47 55 41 42 48 33 39 35 8 45 41 Seychelles 0 4 3 3 3 3 5 5 6 2 1 0 2 3 Sierra Leone 2 7 2 9 22 41 1 4 3 3 5 2 2 9 Somalia 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 South Africa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sudan 32 6 4 0 6 0 0 1 6 2 3 24 14 4 Swaziland 4 9 9 12 8 10 8 6 11 6 8 3 13 31 Tanzania 7 50 49 45 62 69 33 33 20 46 26 8 47 45 Togo 8 4 2 2 0 6 9 4 7 0 0 8 28 6 Uganda 9 27 61 49 38 25 22 24 38 9 7 6 21 28 Zamnbia 34 97 80 105 132 83 75 53 36 39 29 28 37 81 Zimbabwe 3 50 71 81 109 121 139 142 370 325 23 5 30 95 NORTH AFRICA 287 2,801 2,558 2,954 2,829 2,398 2,962 2,624 _2,515 2,186 2,343 533 1,960 2,643 Algeria 171 1,108 1,080 598 638 560 917 801 883 782 993 157 760 881 Egypt, Arab Republic 32 409 336 306 391 347 350 272 256 280 277 54 357 371 Libya Morocco 52 677 806 1,128 1,354 3,115 1,305 1,041 872 637 597 57 353 869 Tunisia 32 307 312 342 432 376 373 386 444 458 430 44 385 358 ALL A1MRCA 713 4,249 3,989 4,863 4,948 4,842 4,919 4,406 4,356 4,234 4,782 869 3,087 4,578 External Debt and Related Flows 159 6-7. Amortization: private long-term loans Millions of US dollars (current prices) Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAJ{RAN AFRICA 2,123 2,909 1,271 3,953 4.082 5,507 7,013 4,791 4,971 5,126 5,200 1,853 2,648 4,063 excluding South Africa 2,123 2.909 1,271 1,959 2,012 2,738 2,333 2,349 2,127 2,517 2,028 1,853 2,648 2,181 cxci S.Afirica&Nigena 1,926 1,363 1,182 1,643 1.563 2,047 2,075 2,325 1,981 2.341 1,844 1,312 1,785 1,798 Angola 106 39 120 308 619 768 884 870 1,295 1,288 1 9 62 549 Benin 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 8 0 Botswana 0 3 I 2 6 9 5 5 1 7 2 2 6 5 Burkina Faso 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 0 Bwunmdi 3 2 1 I 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 I Caineroon 85 67 98 67 65 49 39 54 108 90 0 76 292 75 Cape Verde 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 I 2 3 0 0 Ccntral Afnian Republic 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Chad 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 Comnoros 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Congo, DemocraticRep of 90 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 42 32 3 Congo, Republic of 1 2 97 75 157 50 15 0 0 0 0 0 62 236 73 C8te dIlvoire 667 212 242 356 60 302 487 316 339 159 110 350 264 256 Djibouti 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 Equatorial Guinea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Entrea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ethiopia 7 33 37 36 48 231 8 8 1 3 10 10 10 68 49 Gabon 260 17 4 33 75 5 I 25 1 7 24 29 41 149 55 3 1 Gambia, The 0 5 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 1 1 2 Ghana 42 58 52 66 85 105 124 110 118 103 57 1 I 56 84 Guinea I11 8 8 9 15 0 40 17 0 0 0 8 8 II1 Guinea-B3issau 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Kenya 165 153 126 287 290 243 153 154 207 118 116 161 18! 182 Lesotho 3 7 6 5 4 3 3 4 7 7 7 2 5 5 Libenia 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 Madagascar 23 8 8 5 5 5 2 1 I 0 2 10 28 S Malawi 28 16 13 14 23 4 3 1 0 0 0 1 7 19 8 Mali 2 3 I 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 Mauritania 13 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 3 21 5 Mauritius 14 -43 26 45 93 50 58 101 54 346 72 17 28 79 Mozamnbiquc 7 10 5 13 6 5 4 10 31 30 0 14 13 Nwmibia Niger 40 20 24 24 24 24 14 24 2 2 6 40 38 21 Nigenia 197 1,546 89 316 448 690 258 25 146 177 184 540 863 383 Rwanda 2 I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 4 0 S8toTom& and Prnnipe 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Senegal 137 39 4 10 27 1 1 7 17 7 3 17 46 49 18 Seychelles 0 4 5 4 9 5 3 5 6 4 4 0 5 5 Sierra Leone 29 0 0 0 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 2 2 Somalia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 South Africa 1,994 2,070 2,770 4,680 2,442 2,844 2,609 3,172 2,823 Sudan 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 1 0 Swaziland 3 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 Tanzania 23 80 1I 16 27 22 22 17 23 21 29 18 7 24 Togo 9 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 16 10 I Uganda 21 14 32 IS 9 7 I 2 2 I I IS 27 II Zambia 175 46 51 60 62 39 57 52 8 19 6 III 51 42 Zimbabwe 34 305 301 256 234 246 244 525 170 91 39 58 195 230 NORTH AFRICA 3,139 7,790 7,527 4,185 2,843 2.807 2,133 2,866 3,704 3,219 2,560 2,399 4,529 4,549 Algeria 2,284 5,883 5,816 2,698 1,577 1,297 975 1,728 1,905 1,667 1,530 1,646 3,255 3,054 Egypt, Arab Republic 192 921 579 544 352 454 302 255 488 234 207 238 751 503 Libya Morocco 477 548 754 624 630 617 453 451 835 692 607 325 174 579 Tunisia 186 393 378 320 285 268 241 208 248 627 217 157 320 343 ALL AFRICA 5,262 10,699 8,798 8,139 6,925 8,314 9,146 7,658 8,675 8.346 7,761 4,252 7,177 8.612 160 External Debt and Related Flows 6-8. Amortization: long-term loans and IMF repurchases Millions of U.S. dollars (current prices) Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-AIRl SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 3,174 5,476 3,929 7,045 9,451 9,432 13.06 9,416 91,039 9,092 9,916- 2,712 5,454 7,863 excluding SouthAfrica 3,374 5,476 3,929 5,053 7,380 6,663 5.958 6,557 6,195 6,483 6,744 2,712 5,454 5,913 excc S.Africa & Nigerna 2,932 3,598 3,350 4,305 6,462 5,245 5,118 5,784 5,591 5,393 5,030 2,324 4,313 4,860 Angola 0 146 63 153 332 652 817 1,318 1,304 1,564 1,636 8 95 700 Benin 6 15 18 21 26 27 32 35 45 58 47 7 20 30 Botswana 6 62 57 62 65 73 75 53 52 52 40 6 32 59 BurkmnaFaso I11 1 5 20 27 29 3 1 33 35 44 40 39 7 20 30 Burundi 4 24 23 28 27 2 1 20 21 21 14 16 5 24 22 Cwneroon 131 203 282 204 217 248 277 292 285 273 130 112 381 241 Cape Verde 0 7 4 6 6 5 10 16 16 3 1 10 0 3 8 Central African Republic 7 7 3 13 10 8 12 25 32 8 9 6 17 II1 Chad 5 4 8 10 10 16 24 23 21 16 23 4 7 14 Comoros 0 3 2 2 0 1 1 2 2 3 2 0 0 2 Congo, Democratic Rep of 277 29 4 5 1 37 0 1 3 0 0 123 279 31 Congo, Republic of 41 98 77 287 84 140 56 1 8 4 5 56 86 259 116 C6te dIlvoire 722 594 585 787 625 860 838 670 832 481 368 405 550 657 Djibouti 2 8 6 9 9 9 5 3 7 1 1 9 2 7 8 Equatonal Guinea 2 2 1 1 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 6 3 Entrea 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0- Ethiopia 17 62 66 68 91 292 52 68 98 84 321 30 177 306 Gabon 279 137 7 1 119 216 137 172 135 281 198 274 169 75 158 Gamnbia, The 0 22 21 24 22 22 20 20 35 14 3 1 4 3 5 20 Ghana 106 198 186 248 308 331 398 389 346 311 217 57 248 282 Guinea 76 51 44 54 129 67 100 104 73 98 92 56 77 84 Gutnea-Bissau 3 3 1 4 9 7 6 7 4 30 20 2 4 8 Kenya 205 410 366 552 600 567 449 467 529 350 340 217 411 457 Lesotho 3 20 20 18 25 22 27 29 33 39 5 1 4 13 26 Libcnia 18 0 13 3 5 0 0 0 1 1 I 1 23 30 4 Madagascar 44 56 48 43 38 60 118 72 76 79 57 43 123 731 Malawi 35 72 49 53 76 56 55 60 50 38 49 30 70 60 Mali 9 38 35 63 62 54 49 55 75 70 81 8 43 54 Maurntania 26 61 82 63 79 82 70 69 70 67 79 35 72 73 Mauntius 1 9 128 83 103 154 108 136 153 107 402 132 30 99 144 Mozambique 0 34 44 67 85 92 64 64 7 1 91 101 2 39 66 Namibia Niger 58 36 66 48 41 44 49 50 22 1 8 26 50 74 45 Nigeria 242 1,878 579 746 918 1,418 840 773 605 3,091 1,715 588 3,341 1,050 Rwanda 3 10 I11 2 1 1 10 13 1 1 20 24 32 3 13 14 Sgo Tomt and Prncipe 1 I I I 1 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 Sernegal 165 142 81 154 195 160 158 215 161 154 177 67 183 165 Seychelles 0 12 12 10 16 10 10 14 18 31 9 I 8 32 Sierra Leone 50 17 13 99 60 50 7 14 19 35 85 28 16 35 Somalia 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 20 0 South Africa 0 0 0 1,994 2,070 2,769 5,103 2,859 2,844 2,609 3,372 0 0 3,952 Sudan 331 14 9 3 54 36 42 59 44 59 54 90 63 33 Swaziland 8 17 17 20 16 21 16 13 17 35 14 6 24 18 Tanzania 81 172 104 116 146 166 121 136 136 374 365 59 103 142 Togo 19 19 14 13 18 32 40 29 32 20 22 33 63 26 Uganda 45 79 119 III 97 305 117 132 119 89 78 35 129 105 Zambia 269 383 211 206 2,067 156 165 332 59 98 270 393 130 330 Zimbabwe 40 387 410 372 401 423 459 763 455 306 82 67 306 383 NORTH AFRICA 3,942 11,480 11,152 8,246 6,755 6,298 6,502 7,077 7,796 6,873 6,608 3,276 7,188 8,421 Algeria 2,528 7,243 7,309 3,553 2,419 2,102 2,370 3,139 3,382 2,815 2,951 1,875 4,132 4,274 Egypt, Arab Republic 446 1,470 971 939 989 1,111 955 959 3,202 3,093 3,099 450 1,278 1,188 Libya Morocco 678 1,535 3,997 2,246 2,373 2,006 2,323 1,761 1,972 1,620 1,662 454 849 1,785 Tuniaia 290 887 850 928 939 907 875 867 951 1,347 896 243 615 947 ALL AFRICA 7,336 16,955 15.081 15,292 16,206 35,730 17,563 16,492 36,835 15,966 16,525 5,988 12,641 16,284 Noie In 1 995, Zambia was able to clear its arrears to ihe IM afler completing a 3 year Fightis Arrangement Program External Debt and Related Flows 161 6-9. Interest payments: official concessional long-term loans Millions of US dollars (current prices) Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 237 80S 762 601 614 794 739 933 766 632 584 172 354 706 excluding South Africa 237 805 762 601 614 794 739 933 766 632 584 172 354 706 exci S.Africa&Nigena 229 444 506 599 613 791 671 798 761 626 564 164 350 606 Angola 0 3 3 7 7 3 6 4 2 6 4 0 1 4 Benin 1 7 8 9 10 9 11 12 13 11 11 1 5 10 Botswana 1 5 6 3 3 9 7 6 5 5 5 1 2 5 Burkina Faso 2 6 6 7 9 11 13 13 15 13 12 2 6 10 Bumndi 1 9 9 10 9 6 7 7 6 4 5 1 8 7 Cameroon 15 16 24 19 54 36 61 62 55 66 30 13 24 40 Cape Verde 0 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 3 0 1 2 Central Afrtcan Republic 0 6 2 6 3 3 2 5 4 4 4 0 4 4 Chad 0 4 4 5 3 7 5 6 6 6 5 0 2 5 Comoros 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 I 1 I 0 1 1 Congo, Democralic Rep of 47 10 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 13 4 Congo, Republic of 12 5 4 93 9 35 1 1 0 1 4 6 7 16 C6ted'Ivoire 14 29 30 32 47 77 75 145 118 57 47 13 13 59 Djibouti 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 Equatonal Guinea 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 Entrea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 2 5 0 0 1 Ethuopia 7 10 12 16 19 19 21 25 30 31 48 7 26 22 Gabon 3 20 4 15 40 39 36 24 27 9 43 2 2 22 Gambia, The 0 3 4 4 3 3 5 5 5 5 3 0 2 4 Ghana 11 32 38 39 28 51 43 64 58 51 34 13 19 41 Guinea 12 20 23 27 29 22 23 24 25 22 21 10 12 24 Guinea-Bissau 0 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 5 2 7 0 2 3 Kenya 9 28 39 47 59 57 47 50 47 31 26 10 23 42 Lesotho 0 6 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 9 6 0 2 5 Libena 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 Madagascar 4 19 14 11 11 12 42 36 34 17 16 7 11 21 Malawi 4 11 13 13 19 17 18 16 13 15 15 4 6 14 Mali 2 14 38 19 19 57 18 16 19 17 16 3 11 21 Mauntania 8 11 20 22 18 18 19 18 15 15 16 8 13 16 Maurntius 1 16 16 17 18 17 15 15 14 12 11 1 6 14 Mozambique 0 22 31 16 19 25 27 23 32 18 9 0 14 20 Namwiba Niger 2 4 7 6 7 5 8 7 7 7 7 2 7 6 Nigena 9 361 256 2 2 3 68 136 5 6 20 8 4 100 Rwanda 1 5 4 2 8 6 7 6 8 8 9 1 6 6 SAo Toim6 aiid Pnncipe 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 0 1 Senegal 7 19 7 25 22 79 30 37 33 39 34 4 30 32 Seychelles 0 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 Sierra Leone 0 7 3 4 5 4 4 5 3 4 4 1 1 4 Somalia 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 0 South Afnca 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sudan 28 10 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 13 17 3 Swaziland 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 0 1 2 Tanzania 15 22 49 28 28 55 27 76 51 42 34 14 15 38 Togo 1 7 6 5 5 13 8 8 7 5 6 1 6 7 Uganda 1 10 13 18 23 25 25 22 24 26 19 1 6 18 Zambia 14 19 22 36 32 29 20 23 41 41 33 5 8 27 Zimbabwe 1 19 19 23 26 23 22 20 21 12 8 2 12 19 NORTI AFRICA 289 577 671 781 906 945 798 776 781 713 847 237 261 701 Algena 35 26 26 55 89 144 117 124 128 124 117 32 20 83 Egypt, Arab Republic 153 392 422 467 567 551 413 377 377 369 356 121 131 382 Libya Morocco 70 81 145 153 161 166 190 200 204 151 303 55 44 157 Tunisia 30 78 78 107 89 84 78 75 72 69 72 29 66 79 ALLAFRICA 526 1,382 1,434 1,382 1,521 1,739 1,538 1,709 1,548 1,344 1,431 409 615 1,407 162 External Debt and Related Flows 6-10. Interest payments: official nonconcessional long-term loans Millions of US dollars (current prices) Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHARAN AFRCA 453 1,425 1,187 1,427 1,404 1,874 1,352 1,124 1,161 1,22 1,047 384 1,311 1,464 excludingSouthAfrica 453 1,425 1,I87 1,427 1,404 1,874 1,352 1,124 1,161 1,219 1,035 384 1,311 1,463 excl. SAfica & Nigena 399 959 873 1,092 1,082 1,362 1,055 884 921 709 424 325 910 959 Angola 12 5 3 5 24 15 11 6 30 5 1 16 13 Bemn 1 4 4 10 I1 7 7 9 7 3 4 1 3 6 Botswana 6 28 26 26 22 61 18 15 14 9 7 6 26 24 Burkma Faso 2 9 10 8 9 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 6 5 Burunmd 0 4 3 3 2 3 2 1 1 0 0 0 4 2 Cameroon 27 71 106 116 99 185 113 98 125 132 26 22 59 105 Cape Verde 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 Central Afnican Republic 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 4 1 Chad 0 2 4 2 1 6 4 5 4 3 1 0 0 3 Comoros 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Congo,DemocraticRep of 59 16 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 74 9 Congo,Repubhcof 13 1 0 85 11 141 40 6 0 6 22 8 25 30 Cote d'lvoire 64 210 188 236 206 252 194 224 194 132 65 48 160 192 Djibouti 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Equatonal Guinea 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Entrea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ethiopia 8 10 9 15 13 19 21 20 21 17 11 6 10 14 Gabon 17 182 25 59 133 180 192 110 194 109 113 11 28 120 Gambia, The 0 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 Ghana ,13 30 31 24 24 27 36 26 22 24 8 10 19 25 Guinea 9 13 13 12 14 21 19 19 19 19 11 7 13 16 Gumea-Bissau 0 2 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 8 4 0 1 2 Kenya 45 83 87 114 108 106 70 61 40 21 32 37 99 78 Lesotho 0 6 6 7 8 7 9 8 7 8 5 1 3 6 Libena 5 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 1 Madagascar 3 11 10 7 4 5 51 15 42 11 13 6 50 22 Malawi 6 15 12 10 16 9 7 6 4 3 2 8 17 10 Mali 1 2 2 5 4 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 Mauntanua 1 8 23 16 14 11 14 12 12 7 8 4 15 13 Maurtius 6 24 19 18 17 16 14 13 12 11 10 5 18 17 Mozambique 17 40 36 52 21 14 5 0 3 1 0 8 17 Narubia Niger 5 1 7 3 0 1 2 2 3 3 0 5 19 2 Nigena 54 466 314 335 322 512 297 240 240 510 611 59 401 504 Rwanda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sao Tom6 and Pnncipe 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Senegal 15 20 14 36 43 36 44 51 24 18 19 13 57 32 Seychelles 0 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 1 0 0 2 2 Sierra Leone 2 4 10 17 16 9 3 6 3 5 5 2 1 7 Somalia 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 South Afnca 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 12 2 Sudan 16 1 2 0 2 0 0 2 7 1 0 13 9 2 Swaziland 6 5 4 4 3 9 5 5 10 9 8 4 9 6 Tanzania 19 29 48 33 48 35 10 25 10 13 9 15 24 26 Togo 11 3 1 1 2 11 5 2 1 0 0 8 30 5 Uganda I 11 14 14 9 13 13 4 8 5 1 2 14 10 Zambia 39 59 54 75 83 39 33 25 31 35 18 31 34 57 Zimbabwe 1 58 79 90 95 95 93 85 89 56 8 6 40 71 NORTH AFRICA 401 1,739 1,846 2,037 2,364 2,646 2,296 2,306 2,177 1,967 1,858 420 1,278 2,024 Algena 124 350 343 346 733 1,106 1,008 1,072 1,061 1,007 898 104 285 711 Egypt, Arab Republic 68 448 462 540 550 425 276 256 248 199 214 162 480 370 Libya Morocco 66 700 780 865 762 722 639 579 465 401 385 66 352 623 Tunisia 44 211 231 256 279 286 261 253 258 226 189 37 124 234 ALLAFRICA 854 3,164 3,033 3,464 3,767 4,520 3,648 3,430 3,338 3,188 2,904 804 2,589 3,488 External Debt and Related Flows 163 6-11. Interest payments: private long-term loans Millions c/ US dollars (current prices) Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SA}ARAMN AFRICA 1,694 1.628 753 1,947 1,971 2,16! 1,582 1,761 1,598 1,521 1,437 1,262 1,646 1,630 excluding South Africa 1,694 1,628 753 1,330 1,116 1,238 732 868 784 780 589 1,262 1,646 1,085 exci S.Afirica&Nigeria 1,228 624 461 591 581 710 554 723 611 606 416 853 980 621 Angola 34 1 8 41 67 266 127 187 126 127 186 7 52 112 Benin I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 7 0 Botswana 1 2 1 1 3 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 2 Burkina Faso 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 I 0 Burnmdi I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 Cameroon 78 65 26 21 21 14 16 1 9 22 1 7 0 56 93 28 Cape Verde 0 0 0 0 0 I 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 Central Afncan Republic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Chad 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Coinoros 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Congo, Democraic Rep of 99 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 61 40 2 Congo, Republic of 13 22 17 50 40 3 0 0 0 0 0 36 64 18 C6te d'voire 513 171 163 159 138 145 145 246 23! 273 102 343 34! 187 Djibouti 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Equatonal Guinea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Entrea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ethiopia 2 22 3 9 29 15 4 3 5 4 3 4 25 12 Gabon 100 36 6 29 44 12 10 8 9 7 10 52 26 19 Gwmbia, The 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Ghana 7 19 17 21 8 31 48 63 57 42 28 4 16 30 Guinea 2 0 1 2 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 Guinea-Bissu I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kenya 110 90 82 129 97 82 73 55 46 37 25 69 82 75 Lesotho I I I 1 3 4 6 9 10 7 6 I 1 4 Libena 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 Madagascar 19 3 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 12 12 2 Malavi 25 4 2 2 4 2 1 0 0 0 0 13 7 2 Mali I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Mauntanma 4 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 1 Mauntius 15 13 8 1 1 2! 38 34 35 31 29 17 1 1 1 1 21 Mozambique 5 4 2 4 1 1 8 8 0 0 1 6 4 Namibia Niger 58 8 7 6 6 5 3 2 0 0 1 30 26 5 Nigenia 466 1,004 292 739 535 528 178 145 173 174 173 409 667 464 Rwanda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Slo Tome and Pnnicipe 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Senegal 46 8 2 2 4 2 1 1 1 0 4 22 22 5 Seychelles 0 1 2 3 2 1 1 2 I 1 0 0 2 1 Sieffa Leone 11 5 4 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 4 2 Somalia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 South Africa 617 855 923 850 892 814 741 849 818 Sudan 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 9 0 Swaziland 2 I 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 6 3 1 I 2 Tanzania 13 6 5 I 5 6 3 3 12 3 1 9 3 4 Togo 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 6 0 Uganda 1 5 3 1 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 2 4 2 Zambia 63 20 15 15 9 8 12 7 5 4 3 43 23 12 Zimbabwe 9 81 72 79 74 65 59 60 32 45 21 30 83 63 NORTH AFRICA 2,118 3,257 1,912 1,678 1,604 1,458 1,268 1,183 1,187 1,058 879 1,389 2,066 1,653 Algeria 1,280 1,443 1,338 1,098 918 771 818 683 533 422 324 837 1,283 939 Egypt, Arab Republic 129 189 170 137 130 97 7! 69 54 46 114 128 272 135 Libya Morocco sis 1,516 354 345 437 447 232 239 399 396 274 319 370 434 Tunisia 154 109 109 99 118 137 140 168 173 194 167 88 141 140 AtLLAFRICA 382 4,884 2,724 3,625 3,575 3,619 2,850 2,943 2,785 2,579 2,316 2,65 372 3,8 164 External Debt and Related Flows 6-12. Interest payments: long-term loans and IMF charges Millions of U.S dollars (current prices) Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUBT-SAH-ARAN AFRICA 2,488 4,044 2,840 4,144 4,548 4,952 3,774 3,883 3,580 3,412 3,098 1,947 3,666 3,961 excluding South Africa 2,488 4,044 2,840 3,489 3,643 3,990 2,891 2,975 2,765 2,670 2,238 1,947 3,666 3,400 excl S.Africa&Nigenia 1,958 2,213 1,978 2,414 2.784 2,947 2,347 2,454 2,347 1,980 1,433 1,471 2,594 2,331 Anigola 0 48 26 51 79 293 148 202 135 163 195 3 69 129 Benin 3 II1 13 19 22 17 19 22 20 15 16 5 14 1 7 BOtswana 8 36 33 31 28 78 28 23 21 15 12 8 3 1 32 Burkina Faso 6 1 4 16 IS5 1 8 1 6 16 1 6 1 7 1 6 14 5 1 3 1 5 Buruindi 3 14 12 1 3 1 1 9 9 8 6 5 5 2 14 1 0 Cameroon 121 160 159 157 176 238 192 181 204 217 58 92 177 178 Catpe Verde 0 3 2 3 3 3 4 4 3 5 4 1 3 3 Central Afiican Republic 1 7 4 9 5 4 3 7 5 4 4 3 10 6 Chad 6 8 8 5 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 7 1 3 8 Comnoros 0 3 1 1 1 I I 0 1 I I 0 1 1 Congo, Democratic Rep of 220 35 10 2 16 5 0 0 2 0 0 118 179 22 Congo, Republic of 38 29 21 228 62 181 41 7 1 7 27 50 97 64 C6te dIvoire 590 436 399 437 398 478 416 618 547 465 217 417 560 451 Djibouti 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 1 3 2 Equatonal Guinea 0 1 1 I I I I 0 2 1 Erntrea 0 0 0 1 4 3 3 5 2 Ethiopia 1 9 42 24 40 61 54 46 49 56 52 63 20 65 48 Gabon 120 246 41 106 223 236 244 148 235 128 170 66 60 168 Ganbia, The 1 7 6 6 5 5 6 6 6 6 4 2 6 6 Ghana 35 102 100 95 69 116 132 156 139 119 72 30 100 107 Guinea 24 33 37 41 44 44 45 44 45 42 32 20 29 42 Guinea-Bissau 1 3 2 4 6 4 3 5 5 10 12 1 3 5 Kenya 171 212 212 292 265 247 191 166 134 90 83 126 237 201 Lesotho 2 13 12 11 16 16 20 22 22 23 18 2 6 16 Liberia 24 1 9 0 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 17 11 2 Madagascar 28 37 27 20 17 19 93 51 77 29 31 29 85 47 Malawi 37 33 28 26 40 29 27 23 17 18 17 28 39 29 Mali 4 18 42 25 23 60 21 19 22 20 18 5 19 25 Mauritamia 15 20 43 38 33 30 36 33 29 23 26 16 33 31 Mauntusu 26 53 42 45 56 71 63 62 56 52 38 24 47 53 Mozambique 0 43 76 55 76 48 42 36 42 22 10 I 27 42 Nanibia Niger 65 15 23 16 14 1 1 14 1 1 II1 10 9 37 57 15 Nigeria 529 1,831 862 1,075 859 1,043 544 521 418 690 804 476 1,072 1,069 Rwanda 2 6 5 2 8 7 8 7 9 10 10 1 7 7 SAo Tome and Prncipe 0 I I 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 0 1 1 Senegal 70 53 26 66 72 121 78 91 59 59 57 45 126 74 Seychelles 0 5 5 6 7 5 5 6 6 3 2 0 5 5 Sierra Leone 16 18 18 64 21 14 8 12 7 11 11 12 9 17 Somalia 2 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 1 0 0 5 11 I South Africa 0 0 0 656 905 962 884 908 815 743 860 0 0 561 Sudan 63 13 11 1 15 12 15 3 13 3 2 57 52 9 Swaziland 9 7 6 6 5 12 7 14 19 17 11 5 12 10 Tanzamia 54 58 103 62 82 97 42 104 75 60 47 41 46 70 Togo 19 12 9 6 8 24 14 10 9 5 6 17 47 13 Uganda 7 29 32 35 36 40 40 30 34 33 23 13 44 34 Zambia 141 167 151 167 544 86 71 60 83 85 59 102 85 154 Zimbabwe 10 163 179 203 209 194 184 175 152 123 39 41 ISO 160 NORTH AFRICA 2,838 5,719 4,591 4.566 4,975 5,142 4,465 4,371 4,228 3,698 3,489 2,083 3,70 4,461 Algeria 1,440 1,888 1,749 1,530 1,810 2,097 2,036 1,977 1,799 1,644 1,415 972 1,592 1,803 Egypt, Arab Republic 367 1,042 1,066 1,153 1,257 1,076 760 702 679 615 684 422 890 894 Libya Morocco 663 2,341 1,311 1,375 1,367 1,337 1,062 1,018 1,068 947 961 466 844 1,233 Tunisia 229 417 436 477 503 519 488 503 507 492 428 155 341 466 ALL AFRICA 5,326 9,763 7,431 8,710 9,524 I 0,094 $,240 8,253 7,808 7,110 6,586 4,030 7,372 8,422 External Debt and Related Flows 165 6-13. Total external debt service payments: long-term loans and IMF credits Millions of US dollars (current prices) AnnualAverage 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHARANAFRICA 5,662 9,520 6,769 11,190 13,999 14,385 14,835 13,298 12,619 12,559 13,083 4,659 9,120 11,834 excludingSouthAfnca 5,662 9,520 6,769 8,540 11,024 10,653 8,848 9,532 S,960 9,207 9,051 4,659 9,120 9,321 excl S.Afnca&Nigena 4,890 5,811 5,328 6,718 9,247 8,192 7,465 8,238 7,937 7,426 6,532 3,595 6,907 7,202 Angola 195 89 204 411 945 965 1,521 1,438 1,726 1,831 29 164 829 Benin 9 26 31 40 48 44 51 56 65 72 62 13 34 46 Botswana 14 98 90 93 92 152 103 76 73 68 52 13 64 91 Burkina Faso 17 29 36 42 47 47 49 51 61 56 53 11 33 45 Btinindi 7 38 35 40 38 30 29 29 27 18 21 8 38 32 Carneroon 252 363 441 361 393 486 470 473 489 490 188 203 559 419 Cape Verde 10 6 9 9 8 14 19 20 16 13 3 6 12 CentralAfncanRepublic 8 14 7 21 15 12 15 32 17 13 13 9 27 17 Chad 6 10 16 18 15 30 35 34 32 25 29 5 10 22 Comoros 0 6 2 3 1 1 2 2 3 2 2 1 1 3 Congo, Democratic Rep of 497 64 15 6 18 42 0 1 3 0 0 241 458 53 Congo, Republic of 78 127 98 515 146 321 96 25 5 13 83 136 355 181 C6te d'lvoire 1,312 1,030 984 1,224 1,023 1,338 1,254 1,288 1,379 946 585 822 1,110 1,107 Djibouti 3 10 9 11 11 12 7 5 10 13 11 3 10 10 Equatorial Guinea 2 3 1 2 2 4 5 5 4 5 4 3 7 4 Entrea 0 0 0 1 4 3 3 7 2 Ethiopia 36 104 90 107 153 346 99 117 154 136 184 51 242 154 Gabon 399 383 112 225 439 373 415 283 515 326 444 235 134 326 Ganbia, The 1 29 27 30 27 27 26 25 20 20 15 5 21 26 Ghana 141 300 286 343 378 447 530 544 485 430 289 87 348 389 Guinea 100 83 81 94 173 110 145 147 118 140 123 76 105 126 Guinea-Bissau 4 6 3 7 15 11 -9 12 9 20 32 2 7 13 Kenya 376 621 579 843 866 814 640 633 663 440 423 343 648 658 Lesotho 5 34 33 30 41 38 48 52 55 62 69 6 19 42 Liberia 43 1 22 15 2 2 0 1 3 1 1 41 21 6 Madagascar 72 93 75 63 55 79 211 123 153 108 88 72 208 118 Malawi 71 105 78 79 116 85 82 83 67 56 65 58 109 89 Mali 13 56 77 87 85 115 70 74 98 89 99 13 62 80 Mauntania 40 81 124 102 112 112 105 102 98 90 104 51 104 104 Mauntius 44 180 125 148 210 179 199 215 163 453 170 54 146 197 Mozambique 78 119 123 161 140 107 100 113 113 111 6 66 109 Nambiia Niger 122 51 88 64 55 56 62 61 33 28 35 87 130 60 Nigena 772 3,709 1,441 1,822 1,777 2,461 1,383 1,294 1,023 1,781 2,519 1,064 2,213 2,119 Rwanda 4 15 16 3 20 17 21 19 30 34 42 4 20 21 Sao Tom6 and Principe 1 2 2 3 2 3 3 4 4 3 6 1 3 3 Senegal 235 196 107 220 267 281 236 306 220 213 235 112 309 239 Seychelles 0 17 17 16 23 15 14 20 23 14 10 1 13 17 Sierra Leone 66 35 31 163 82 65 15 25 26 46 95 39 25 52 Somalia 13 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 1 0 0 14 31 1 South Afnica 2,650 2,976 3,732 5,987 3,766 3,659 3,352 4,033 3,769 Sudan 194 27 20 3 69 48 58 61 57 61 56 147 115 42 Swaziland 17 24 23 26 21 32 23 28 35 31 25 12 36 29 Tanzania 135 229 207 178 229 263 163 241 211 234 211 100 146 211 Togo 38 32 23 19 26 56 54 39 41 25 28 50 108 39 Uganda 52 108 151 146 133 145 157 162 152 122 101 48 172 138 Zambia 410 350 362 374 2,611 242 236 193 141 183 329 295 216 484 Zimbabwe 50 550 590 574 610 617 642 938 607 429 120 107 456 543 NORtIH-AFRICA 6,780 17,198 15,743 12,812 11,730 11,439 10,967 11,447 12,023 11,031 10,636 5,359 10,894 12,965 Algena 3,968 9,131 9,058 5,083 4,228 4,199 4,406 5,117 5,181 4,460 4,366 2,848 5,704 6,077 Egypt, Arab Republic 813 2,512 2,037 2,092 2,245 2,187 1,715 1,661 1,881 1,706 1,783 871 2,168 2,082 Libya Morocco 1,341 3,876 3,308 3,622 3,740 3,343 3,184 2,779 3,040 2,567 2,623 921 1,693 3,018 Tunisia 518 1,305 1,285 1,405 1,442 1,426 1,363 1,371 1,458 1.839 1,325 398 956 1,412 ALL AFRICA 12,442 26,718 22,512 24,002 25,729 25,824 25,802 24,746 24,642 23,590 23,719 10.018 20,013 24,799 Note In 1995, Zambia was able to clear iu arrears to the IMF after completing a 3 year Rights Arrangement Program 166 External Debt and Related Flows 6-14. Interest payments: short-term loans Millions of US dollars (current prices) Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 1,025 553 523 631 819 885 1,053 1,158 1,160 1,101 703 540 688 825 excluding South Africa 1,025 553 523 379 404 380 '498 536 529 592 380 540 688 507 exci SAfrica&Nigenia 646 513 473 329 348 333 465 499 489 528 337 304 519 464 Angola 54 66 55 53 49 46 45 45 26 34 6 35 47 Beniin I11 2 1 1 2 2 4 5 5 5 3 5 7 3 Botswana 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 Burkina Faso 5 S 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 1 3 2 4 3 Burundi 2 1 1 I 1 0 0 1 2 3 21 2 1 Camneroon 28 31 30 24 39 24 40 55 59 72 34 17 54 40 Cape Verde 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 Central African Republic 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 1 2 I Chad o 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 Comoros 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Congo, Democratic Rep of 45 13 1 3 9 8 7 12 18 18 25 18 18 27 15 Congo, Republic of 3 1 35 30 20 35 1 8 16 16 20 30 10 12 45 27 C6te dIlvoire 95 130 110 20 23 37 lOS 96 70 74 34 47 80 84 Djibouti 1 2 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 Equatonial Guinea I 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 Entirea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ethiopia 9 5 5 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 7 3 Gabon 33 50 45 43 17 1 1 18 25 23 28 12 13 31 30 Gambia,The 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 2 1 Ghana 1 8 19 22 26 28 36 29 38 38 38 27 12 12 27 Guinea 9 4 3 3 5 3 10 12 1 1 1 5 8 4 5 7 Guinea-Bissau I 0 0 0 0 1 I 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 Kenya 58 49 53 38 36 30 30 39 40 41 41 24 39 44 Lesotho I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Libenia 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 0 Madagascar 29 3 3 2 3 4 1 2 6 9 4 9 4 4 Malawi 16 4 1 1 3 4 3 1 2 3 1 5 5 2 Mali 3 2 2 1 2 2 IS 8 8 8 3 2 4 5 Mauritania 7 6 4 4 5 4 8 8 7 10 5 5 7 7 Maunitius 8 3 4 10 16 19 23 27 27 32 31 3 3 17 Mozamnbique 5 3 1 1 1 3 4 6 II 10 0 8 6 Nanmibia Niger 19 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 7 7 3 Nigenia 379 40 50 50 56 48 33 38 41 64 43 236 169 44 Rwanda 3 6 6 1 1 I 2 2 2 2 1 1 3 3 SAo Tom6 andPrincipe 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Senegal 24 15 15 14 14 7 11 15 17 15 6 13 21 15 Seychelles 37 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 3 5 2 2 Sierra Leone 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Somalia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 South Africa 251 415 504 555 622 631 509 322 476 Sudan 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 39 38 2 Swaziland 2 0 0 0 0 0 8 2 2 4 2 1 I 2 Tanzamia 26 5 4 5 4 6 6 7 8 10 6 12 19 6 Togo 14 5 4 4 3 2 2 2 4 5 5 6 6 4 Uganda 5 5 3 3 2 3 4 4 5 4 4 2 3 4 Zambia 0 1 1 2 1 9 10 10 8 3 7 0 0 5 Zimbabwe IS 45 33 28 35 44 44 43 41 42 16 22 25 39 NORTH AFRICA 869 570 385 333 316 289 428 336 352 193 223 589 736 392 Algenia 16 200 36 33 22 13 13 15 10 10 9 150 125 53 Egypt, Arab Republic 422 168 164 130 132 133 262 227 231 113 150 246 351 186 Libya Morocco lOS 15 18 18 24 9 6 3 9 8 4 57 71 13 Tuniaia 26 37 67 52 38 39 49 60 77 61 30 9 21 48 A1LLAFRICA 1,895 1,123 908 964 1.135 1,174 1,481 1,494 1,512 1,294 926 1,129 1,424 1,217 External Debt and Related Flows 167 6-15. Net flows: long- and short-term loans, including IMF Millions of US dollars (current prices) Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 199S 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-AMR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 10,026 4.981 4,977 2,548 7,615 3,232 4,512 -1,482 -978 -1,009 -1,489 1,901 7,393 2,820 excludinigSouths Africa 10,026 4,981 4,977 1,024 4,202 2,552 4,890 -3,185 -280 -2,195 -722 7,901 7,193 2,433 excl. S Africa & Nigeria 7,245 5,689 4,505 1,684 4,761 3,886 5,552 -906 104 -1,498 695 6,351 5,968 2,967 Angola 905 294 305 -90 76 418 -348 -564 -767 270 234 1,029 342 Bcnin 42 39 87 112 105 101 114 -24 74 -36 85 82 52 7 1 Botswana 8 22 45 -6 2 -44 -19 -67 -23 -42 -27 28 37 -12 Buriuna Faso 56 105 109 337 124 8 1 731 66 127 37 101 49 76 95 Burnmdi 40 301 45 25 26 4 3 1 0 46 14 1 1 39 89 35 Camcroon 538 380 134 305 64 -188 676 65 -82 -38 -216 343 283 155 Cape Verde 32 6 25 35 -s 1 3 39 60 1 1 48 1 8 8 21 Central African Republic 3 1 39 54 32 25 14 -4 -13 25 -14 -5 23 67 30 Chad -8 120 5 1 72 61 309 77 27 78 29 4 1 22 47 72 Comoros 13 1 5 7 1 1 1 1 7 9 -1 4 4 4 12 3 5 6 Congo, Democratic Rep of 278 -28 0 -140 63 -91 242 -13 1 3 20 2 368 234 23 Congo, Republic of 541 -35 330 97 166 -451 96 -66 154 -52 -336 230 189 -24 C6te d'Ivoire 1,257 627 726 -1,002 935 2,317 413 -1,064 -904 -617 -517 741 351 205 Djibouti 9 30 36 -10 1 3 18 131 3 -l -2 7 9 22 3 2 Equatornal Guinea 431 13 33 17 -8 0 1 9 12 -23 -12 -2 30 32 4 Eritrea 27 7 7 33 67 103 61 106 5 1 Ethiopia 94 233 314 188 133 21 330 93 134 90 453 441 435 396 Gabon -122 -193 19 -18 14 -84 260 -172 -312 -345 -272 72 295 -54 GaTmbia, The 58 35 26 -20 -8 44 -s 4 19 21 19 26 15 1 4 Ghiana 75 306 370 323 410 658 272 366 103 -37 399 128 242 341 Guinea 23 143 228 320 98 72 403 -43 68 -41 -10 49 149 104 Guinea-Bissau 73 23 19 27 13 30 27 7 0 22 -17 27 33 19 Kenya 718 114 354 -322 104 -185 21 -229 -336 99 -276 338 346 3 Lesotho 20 67 62 51 46 54 431 35 20 3 1 -17 36 33 4 1 Liberia 95 -1 30 -14 0 1 1 -23 3 3 -5 -5 91 23 -3 Madagascar 476 50 65 22 59 60 230 100 165 45 108 195 128 100 Malawi 154 106 307 95 183 181 48 112 327 86 45 88 58 106 Mali 99 118 62 92 200 135 283 -30 7 1 -18 2 93 113 99 Mauritanma 339 -49 85 96 68 103 158 -84 -12 431 36 III 86 50 Maunitius 104 56 22 260 312 310 334 -16 38 -75 44 56 27 85 Mozambique 235 99 389 393 197 335 193 203 32 153 300 309 172 Namiibia Niger 286 48 26 27 -9 14 98 33 29 54 49 135 110 30 Nigeria 2,780 -708 472 -660 -559 -1,334 -663 -279 -385 -696 -1,417 1.750 1,225 -535 Rwanda 36 73 50 -11 53 52 114 79 95 25 42 3 1 70 60 S8o Tome and Priscipe 7 26 15 8 13 5 5 5 20 9 3 6 14 12 _Senegal 246 177 70 -29 74 -14 143 100 -34 -170 202 210 214 56 Seychelles -390 -1 -3 6 -17 -2 9 33 -9 39 8 -2 30 7 Sierra Leone 54 36 86 102 55 38 24 56 13 57 65 35 10 46 Somalia 138 0 0 0 0 0 -7 5 0 -7 2 153 74 5 South Africa 1,524 3,412 681 -377 -297 -698 1,186 -767 583 Sudan 839 272 93 9 0 -119 -157 -14 -391 -97 -383 640 73 -9 Swaziland 29 -30 -8 -4 6 -1 195 -133 43 32 35 22 -1 9 Tanzania 405 303 312 165 92 146 226 137 234 136 -14 343 357 356 Togo 308 32 -57 56 39 72 12 52 87 -43 25 94 48 28 Uganda 330 236 244 223 184 206 244 95 97 336 277 100 164 198 Zamsbia 360 82 29 88 435 369 -84 25 85 159 135 305 236 93 Zimbabwe 148 793 283 28 437 342 233 -369 46 -369 -384 220 -36 330 NORTH AFRICA 5,825 635 -1,808 3,535 1,967 3,615 7 -2,206 -2,332 -2,750 -3,567 6,046 3,84 -489 Algeria 1,261 -142 -875 2,034 1,361 1,597 -428 -1,622 -1,943 -3,574 -1,994 3,442 973 -362 Egypt, Arab Republic 2,465 -608 -330 346 74 -464 579 1,059 -584 -694 140 2,598 1,409 -134 Libya Morocco 3,624 555 -34 -532 -306 -172 -876 -292 -265 -25 -484 1.346 640 -118 Tunsisia 267 576 221 448 654 692 568 -738 976 -456 772 382 303 372 AILLAFRICA 15,851 5,616 3,169 4,083 9,582 4,847 4,519 -3,688 -3,130 -3,759 -3,056 13,947 31,039 2.331 168 External Debt and Related Flows 6-16. Net flows: long-term loans, including IMF Millions of US. dollars (current prices) Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 200) 75-84 85-89 90-841? SUB-SAHAlRAN AFRICA 8,572 3,841 4,855 4,857 4,628 862 1,017 -935 -335 14 -333 6,841 5,334 2,300 excluding South Africa 8,572 3,841 4,855 3,334 3,150 1,340 3,490 -122 -187 -900 -763 6,841 5,334 2,097 exci. S Africa &Nigeria 7,062 5,184 4,890 3,482 3,635 2,450 2,016 375 243 38 885 5,826 5,132 2,721 Angola 503 623 263 218 126 374 -528 -361 -519 -546 234 758 77 Benin 66 65 85 109 89 101 24 27 38 13 72 79 56 68 Botswania 21 22 45 -6 1 -46 -53 -34 -35 -38 -32 28 37 -14 Burkma Faso 59 128 131 105 110 81 56 73 81 56 122 50 70 94 Burundi 4 1 102 54 25 1 8 14 -3 9 -1 23 -5 39 89 3 1 Caneroon 495 466 217 275 -96 -38 19 -32 20 67 23 316 253 134 Cape Verde I11 6 23 16 19 1 1 39 47 18 41 18 8 20 Central Affican Republic 33 39 46 47 23 19 -5 -11 5 8 2 21 65 30 Chad o 139 50 74 60 107 68 331 76 331 43 22 43 73 Comoros 1 3 15 6 12 9 9 4 3 -2 2 10 I11 15 6 Congo, Democratic Rep of 326 54 53 -3 -1 -33 0 -1 7 0 0 359 182 34 Congo, Republic of 485 33 383 63 -69 -116 -32 -8 -4 9 -18 224 341 2 C6te dIlvoire 1,055 259 229 618 299 154 -602 -57 -585 -333 -356 709 49 42 Djibouti 8 36 1 9 17 9 19 9 5 1 1 7 8 17 16 Equatorial Guinea 36 13 13 6 1 -1 -2 -3 0 -2 -3 10 15 3 Entirea 27 7 7 33 67 108 50 306 51 Ethuopia 102 283 343 188 141 23 127 94 133 101 456 440 429 203 Gabon -109 -29 22 79 62 -16 -4 -89 -221 -150 -259 53 233 -33 Gwnbia, The 55 34 S -I 3 36 4 1 12 15 20 22 20 12 Ghana 143 290 323 220 339 609 251 325 III 119 424 127 246 310 Guinea 54 160 242 128 71 76 165 77 33 -29 30 47 136 99 Guinea-Bissau 72 37 22 25 14 25 30 1 1 1 3 2 -14 23 40 20 Kenya 509 92 81 -257 98 -100 -230 -236 -270 59 -93 298 310 1 Lesotho 12 66 62 5 1 46 54 41 35 20 3 1 -17 1 5 33 40 Libena 91 0 20 -15 0 0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 89 20 -1 Madagascar 401 60 75 39 5 1 96 218 30 7 1 121 112 191 141 93 Malawi 156 87 145 94 151 128 123 113 302 88 68 90 59 108 Mali 100 139 63 101 376 132 98 58 69 36 48 87 134 99 Maunitanma 129 84 97 100 55 94 39 -14 -33 531 23 107 79 48 Mauritius 124 -1 22 83 255 32 57 -93 38 -269 -62 56 29 1 5 Mozambique 231 368 187 182 208 236 195 90 96 44 300 292 163 Namibia Niger 233 46 35 43 -13 12 62 61 25 62 63 114 106 36 Nigena 1,510 -1,343 -35 -148 -486 -3.110 -525 -497 -430 -938 -1,648 1,015 203 -624 Rwanda 3 1 731 50 20 56 52 80 93 91 41 45 28 68 62 S5o Tom6 and Pnncipe 9 23 14 14 32 10 3 4 13 9 5 6 131 13 Senegal 230 180 72 47 46 56 112 40 -70 -9 148 195 216 60 Seychelles 32 13 6 8 -7 2 2 9 -8 -3 -4 6 7 2 Sierra Leone 54 36 86 102 55 40 40 49 17 56 58 35 10 46 Somalia 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 149 81 4 South Africa 1,524 1,478 -478 -473 -813 -148 914 431 304 Sudan 790 94 91 9 -3 -18 -38 -59 -44 -59 -54 565 163 17 Swaziland 22 -10 .9 -5 2 8 39 37 36 3 27 22 -4 5 Tanzama 352 301 136 145 313 78 215 128 205 92 68 294 194 154 Togo 101 40 5 43 41 69 32 56 6 6 it 91 28 35 Uganda 116 229 289 209 188 183 233 92 90 141 276 100 159 196 Zambia 421 100 29 88 539 80 121 -49 206 190 38 289 146 321 Zimbabwe 93 647 389 132 250 24 37 -160 67 -136 -43 190 -29 133 NORTH AFRICA 5,382 1,306 88 3,476 1,637 1,249 - -533 -2,219 -2,595 -1,964 -735 5,336 3,704 -47 Algeria 869 304 -782 2,078 1,739 1,527 -263 -1,646 -1,953 -1,601 -1,971 1,435 957 -225 Egypt, Arab Republic 2,297 -25 183 218 -365 -440 -65 -212 -618 -505 871 2,177 3,462 -39 Libya Morocco 1,584 375 40 -445 -284 -250 .810 -174 -439 4 -475 1,250 708 -117 Tunisia 321 396 272 131 450 426 605 -220 479 173 3,000 373 262 347 ALL .AFRCA 13,754 5,147 4,943 6,333 6,245 2,111 486 -3,154 -2,929 -1,950 -1,048 12,117 9,038 2,252 External Debt and Related Flows 169 6-17. Net transfers: long- and short-term loans, including IMF Millions of US dollars (current prices) Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUJB-SAHARAN AFRICA 6,512 383 2,471 -2,227 2,247 -2,605 -315 -6,096 -5,576 -5,461 -5,399 5,414 2,840 -1.851 excluding South Afiica 6,512 383 1,613 -2,844 155 -1,819 1,501 -4,686 -3,469 -5,484 -3,449 5,414 2,840 -1,477 exci S.Affiea &Nigena 4,641 2,962 2,054 -1,058 1.629 607 2,740 -3,849 -2,626 -4,033 -1,185 4,376 2,855 170 Angola 0 802 202 200 -222 -266 223 -595 -743 -955 41 88 926 -34 Benin 27 26 73 92 81 82 91 -44 48 -51 7 1 72 3 1 53 Botswana -1 -14 12 -36 .26 -123 -49 -90 -45 -59 -40 20 5 -44 Burkina Faso 45 86 91 100 104 63 53 32 95 22 77 43 59 74 Burundi 36 85 32 12 1 5 -5 -6 2 38 6 9 36 74 24 Camneroon 389 189 -55 123 -151 -450 444 -228 -388 -377 -325 234 5 1 -77 Cape Verde 0 9 4 2 1 30 -8 9 35 56 6 43 7 5 189 Central Affican Republic 28 3 1 49 21 19 9 -8 -19 13 -19 -19 1 7 55 2 1 Chad -9 113 42 63 55 95 65 4 56 6 20 2 1 44 59 Comoros 1 3 -12 7 10 I 1 6 9 -2 4 2 3 II1 13 5 Congo, Democratic Rep of 1 3 -76 -23 -151 38 -103 229 -31 -5 -4 -16 232 28 -14 Congo, Republic of 473 -99 258 -152 69 -650 39 -76 144 -104 -387 168 47 -116 C6te d'Ivoire 572 61 217 -1,459 514 1,602 -109 -1,764 -1,410 -1,094 -759 277 -290 -313 Djibouti 7 26 3 1 -13 1 1 1 5 9 -3 -8 -6 3 8 16 8 Equatonal Gumea 40 1 1 12 15 -9 -1 17 13 -20 -11 -1 9 10 4 Entrea 27 7 7 33 64 100 58 101 49 Ethiopia 67 186 285 144 70 -35 83 23 101 50 359 417 363 144 Gabon -275 -489 -67 -167 -226 -331 -2 -343 -369 -532 -466 -7 205 -256 Gamnbia, The 55 27 18 -27 -14 38 -12 2 1 1 13 15 23 7 7 Ghana 22 185 248 202 312 506 III 173 -98 -210 265 86 130 198 Guinea -11 106 188 76 49 25 348 -121 2 -98 -76 25 116 51 Gumea-Bissau 71 20 17 23 7 26 23 2 -5 1 1 -28 26 28 14 Kenya 489 -147 -112 -652 -197 -462 -199 -433 -494 -66 -401 168 70 -243 Lesotho 18 54 49 39 30 38 20 12 -2 8 -44 13 27 24 Libenia 60 -1 I -14 -2 10 -21 3 -1 -5 -5 69 9 -5 Madagascar 419 10 35 0 39 37 116 60 75 -38 46 157 38 43 Malawi 101 69 78 69 141 148 18 87 109 75 26 55 14 76 Malt 92 98 19 67 175 73 247 -57 59 -26 -IS 84 87 73 Maurintania 117 -74 39 54 30 69 114 -126 -46 20 -2 90 47 13 Mauntius 70 -I -24 204 241 21 47 -105 -46 -159 -25 30 -23 15 Mozambique 0 187 20 133 116 148 290 177 155 -31 148 119 274 125 Namnibia Niger 202 31 I 9 -24 2 83 9 23 35 29 70 46 10 Nigenia 1,872 -2,579 -440 -1,785 -1,474 -2,425 -1,239 -838 -843 -1,451 -2,264 1,038 -16 -1,648 Rwanda 31 61 39 -14 44 45 104 52 54 0 30 28 60 45 Sao Torn6and1'Pincipe 7 25 13 7 12 3 4 4 19 7 3 6 12 1 1 Senegal 151 109 28 -110 -13 -143 54 -6 -110 -245 149 151 67 -32 Seychelles -427 -7 -10 -2 -25 -7 4 25 -16 33 3 -7 3 0 Sierra Leone 39 17 68 37 32 22 16 29 6 45 39 23 1 26 Somalia 135 0 0 0 -I -3 -7 5 -1 -7 2 148 62 4 South Affica 0 0 858 617 2,092 -786 -1,816 -1,410 -2,107 23 -1,950 0 0 -373 Sudan 707 259 81 9 -IS -131 -173 41 -166 -46 -133 544 -17 -3 Swaziland 18 -17 -15 -10 1 -13 180 -129 21 -9 22 16 -14 -3 Tanzania 324 241 5 98 6 44 179 69 161 39 -96 288 93 81 Togo 74 IS -70 47 28 45 -4 37 84 -45 24 70 -5 13 Uganda 118 202 209 185 146 163 201 68 39 122 259 84 117 163 Zambia 219 -86 -124 -81 -111 74 -165 -45 -5 70 100 203 151 -63 Zimbabwe 122 585 70 -202 193 -96 -15 -586 -146 -464 -230 158 -191 -62 NORTH AFRICA 2,117 -5,651 -6,783 -3,364 -3,325 -3,815 -4,887 -7,233 -6,711 -6,640 -5,107 3,374 -596 -5,353 Algenia -294 -2,230 -2,660 450 -471 -513 -2,477 -3,984 -3,753 -3,229 -3,278 320 -745 -2,237 Egypt, Arab Republic 1,676 -1,816 -1,559 -1,137 -1,315 -1,672 -443 130 -1,494 -1,422 -694 1,930 168 -1,213 Libya Morocco 857 -1,801 -1,363 -1,925 -1,696 -1,517 -1,943 -1,313 -1,341 -980 -1,450 822 -275 -1,363 Tuinisia 12 122 -282 -81 113 133 30 -1,232 393 -1,009 345 218 -59 -135 ALL AFRICA 8,630 -5,268 -4,312 -5,591 -1,078 -6,420 -5,201 -13,329 -12,287 -12,101 -10,506 8,789 2,244 -7,204 170 External Debt and Related Flows 6-18. Net transfers: long-term Roans, including IMF Millions of U.S dollars (current prices) Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-AMR SUB-SAEiARAN AFRICA 6,084 -203 2,873 713 80 -4,091 -2,757 -4,391 -3,772 -3,320 -3,543 4,894 1,669 -1,545 excluding South Africa 6,084 -203 2,015 -155 -493 -2,650 -1,400 -3,087 -2,846 -3,579 -3,114 4,894 1,669 -1,304 excl S.Africa&Nigeria 5,103 2,971 2,912 1,068 851 -497 -331 -2,069 -1,99~8 -1,952 -661 4,355 2,537 389 Angola 0 452 597 213 139 -167 225 .730 -495 -682 -741 90 689 -52 Bennin 63 54 72 91 67 84 6 1 1 17 2 60 74 42 53 Botswana 14 -13 12 -36 -27 -124 -81 -57 -56 -53 -44 20 6 -45 Burkma Faso 53 114 115 90 92 66 40 42 52 42 100 45 57 76 Burundi 38 87 41 1 2 7 5 -10 2 -7 18 -5 36 75 22 Cameroon 374 306 58 118 -272 -256 -173 -270 -227 -200 -51 224 75 -58 Cape Verde 0 8 4 20 13 16 7 35 44 13 37 7 5 17 Central African Republic 32 32 43 38 1 8 15 -8 -16 -7 4 -13 1 8 55 24 Chad -1 134 42 66 55 93 57 9 54 8 22 21 40 60 Comoros 13 12 6 1 1 9 8 4 2 -2 1 9 1 1 14 5 Congo, Democratic Rep of 106 18 43 -5 -18 -39 0 0 6 0 0 241 2 12 Congo, Republic of 448 4 362 -166 -131 -296 -73 -2 6 -13 -58 174 44 -63 C8te dIlvoire 465 -177 -171 181 -99 -324 -1,018 -662 -1,021 -737 -564 292 -511 -392 Djibouti 7 33 17 15 7 16 7 0 -5 -3 3 7 14 13 Equatonal Guinea 36 1 1 12 5 0 -3 -3 -1 2 -1 -1 9 13 3 Enitrea 27 7 7 33 64 105 48 101 .49 Ethiopia 83 241 319 148 79 -31 81 25 101 62 361 419 364 154 Gabon -228 -275 -19 -27 -160 -252 -247 -236 -455 -310 -441 -13 174 -204 Gamnbia, The 54 27 -2 -7 -4 3 1 -2 0 5 9 17 21 14 6 Ghana 108 188 223 125 270 493 119 169 -52 -37 317 96 147 195 Guinea 30 127 204 88 27 32 119 10 -23 -71 -29 27 107 52 Guinea-Bissau 7 1 35 20 2 1 9 2 1 27 6 -4 2 -25 22 37 15 Kenya 338 -119 -132 -549 -168 -347 -421 -402 -388 -65 -177 172 74 -201 Lesotho 10 53 50 39 30 38 21 12 -2 8 -44 1 3 28 24 Liberia 67 -I I11 -IS -2 -2 0 0 -2 0 0 72 1lo -2 Madagascar 373 24 48 19 35 77 125 -7 -12 47 53 162 56 41 Malavi 119 54 117 68 III 99 96 90 85 80 50 63 20 80 Mali 96 121 22 76 153 72 76 39 65 35 33 82 94 77 Maurntania 115 64 55 62 22 63 3 -47 -39 40 -10 90 46 17 Mauritius 98 -53 -21 37 199 -39 -7 -155 -19 -321 -99 33 -19 -39 Mozambique 0 188 92 132 106 160 193 183 48 44 50 119 265 121 Namibia NigeT 168 32 12 25 -26 1 49 38 21 42 44 77 49 19 Nigenia 981 -3,174 -897 -1,223 -1,344 -2,153 -1,069 -1,018 -848 -1,628 -2,452 540 -869 -1,693 Rwanda 29 65 45 19 48 45 72 68 52 18 33 27 62 49 S8o Tom6 and Prncipe 9 22 13 12 1 1 8 2 3 12 8 5 6 10 12 Senegal 160 127 46 -19 -26 -65 34 -51 -128 -69 101 150 90 -13 Seychelles 12 8 0 2 -14 -3 -3 3 -13 -5 -6 6 3 -3 Sierra Leone 39 17 68 37 33 25 32 21 10 44 32 23 1 27 Somalia 122 0 0 0 -1 -3 0 0 -1 0 0 144 70 4 South Africa 0 0 858 868 573 -1,441 -1,357 -1,304 -926 260 -430 0 0 -242 Sudan 727 81 81 9 -18 -31 -53 -4 -19 -7 -3 509 III 25 Swaziland 13 -18 -16 -10 -3 -4 32 3 -2 -16 IS 17 -16 -5 Tanzania 297 243 33 83 31 -19 173 66 159 S -8 253 149 86 Togo 81 28 -3 37 33 45 18 42 7 10 16 74 -19 24 Uganda 109 200 257 174 152 143 193 69 37 132 261 87 115 165 Zambia 280 -68 -122 -80 -6 -6 50 -109 123 103 9 187 60 -31 Zimbabwe 82 484 209 -71 42 -170 -147 -335 -84 -188 -72 150 -179 -20 NORTH AFRICA 2,344 -4,410 -4,503 -3,090 -3,359 -3,892 -4,996 -6,910 -6,822 -5,627 -3,892 3,253 -2 -4,505 Algenia -570 -1,584 -2.531 548 -71 -570 -2,298 -3,993 -3,752 -3,245 -3,245 463 -635 -2,047 Egypt, Arab Republic 1,930 -1,065 -883 -935 -1,622 -1,515 -824 -914 -1,297 -1,120 187 1,755 572 -932 Li'bya Morocco 922 -1,966 -1,271 -1,820 -1,650 -1,586 -1,871 -1,192 -1,506 -943 -1,437 784 -136 -1,350 Tunisia 92 -22 -163 -346 -53 -93 117 -673 -28 -319 603 218 -79 -112 ALL AFRICA 8,428 -4,614 -1,630 -2.377 , -3,279 -7,982 -7,753 -11,301 -10.595 -8,946 -7,435 8,147 1,666 -6,0$1 External Debt and Related Flows 171 6-19. Long-term debt: official concessional Millions of US dollars (currentprices) Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SARARAN AFRICA 16,381 66,261 69,882 76,182 $1,076 83,062 83,307 89,822 84,404 82,668 79,462 16,447 42,937 76,506 excluding South Africa 16,381 66,261 69,882 76,182 $1,076 83,062 83,307 89,822 84,404 $2,668 79,462 16,447 42,937 76,506 excl. SAftica & Nigma 15,942 65,289 68,789 74,892 79,699 81,709 81,994 88,240 82,680 $1,211 78,123 16,079 42,520 75,256 Angola 1,302 1,315 1,405 1,490 2,152 2,212 2,385 2,004 1,791 1,567 1 8 423 1,675 Benin 166 1,105 1,165 1,270 1,253 1,293 1,265 1,333 1,359 1,342 1,407 166 539 1,237 Botswana 59 235 265 299 345 328 295 301 283 262 241 86 126 272 Burkina Faso 221 820 916 908 1,004 1,088 1,079 1,215 1,298 1,161 1,249 177 493 1,005 Bunindi 104 890 946 1,012 1,047 1,040 989 1,048 1,023 1,003 950 107 570 964 Camer 873 2,350 2,484 3,503 4,101 4,152 4,233 4,555 4,265 4,210 3,850 690 1,335 3,450 Cape Verde 105 107 133 147 154 162 193 257 269 304 32 78 168 Central Afncan Republic 59 629 674 723 765 768 724 745 741 714 678 64 354 690 Chad 171 538 592 674 692 760 803 872 927 903 895 141 218 7) 3 Comoros 43 170 167 181 192 196 195 203 197 193 213 44 153 186 Congo, Democratic Rep of 862 3,257 3,265 3,453 3,563 3,412 3,175 3,471 3,311 3,139 3,014 829 2,002 3,297 Congo, Republic of 404 1,756 1,690 1,884 1,984 2,003 1,854 1,886 1,730 1,647 1,627 373 885 1,801 C6te cflvoire 438 3,504 3,696 3,883 4,563 4,806 4,503 4,943 4,418 4,126 3,880 411 1,770 4,068 Djibouti 1 5 217 229 253 267 278 252 263 248 237 234 19 123 236 Equatonal Guinea 32 132 139 142 148 145 139 144 142 137 132 3 1 84 137 Entrea 29 37 42 73 140 236 281 382 Ethiopia 562 7,858 8,184 8,483 8,715 8,693 8,632 8,810 4,798 4,811 5,057 1,352 5,913 7,438 Gabon 113 448 408 579 708 747 898 953 825 1,365 1,282 87 230 760 Gambia, The 68 298 310 336 361 394 388 417 418 421 423 59 185 357 Ghana 775 2,574 2,895 3,343 3,741 4,006 4,077 4,620 4,822 4,746 4,656 683 1,447 3,665 Guinea 678 1,977 2,157 2,329 2,457 2,426 2,479 2,649 2,618 2,536 2,485 734 1,256 2,299 Guinea-Bissau 87 439 475 534 565 675 666 698 668 607 569 63 238 558 Kenya 694 2,788 3,090 3,394 3,879 3,938 3,762 4,123 4,131 4,089 3,950 650 1,741 3,520 Lesotho 44 371 382 440 470 468 435 448 454 448 425 48 183 414 Libena 211 573 599 622 635 610 585 599 582 568 556 221 540 592 Madagascar 467 1,958 1,952 2,118 2,242 2,132 2,681 2,913 2,918 2,875 2,763 499 1,249 2,352 Malawi 258 1,310 1,502 1,681 1,897 1,946 1,973 2,184 2,475 2,452 2,407 275 743 1,842 Mali 613 2,691 2,693 2,464 2,660 2,688 2,627 2,648 2,632 2,492 2,456 592 1,652 2,557 Mauntania 526 1,327 1,521 1,598 1,688 1,739 1,700 1,717 1,809 1,857 1,639 507 1,174 1,600 Mauntius 65 385 384 417 441 403 345 354 316 299 274 65 209 364 Mozainbique 2,634 2,864 3,239 2,936 3,54 3,185 4,054 3,517 3,485 2,069 269 1,910 2,§-7-2 Namibia Niger 155 879 932 978 1,017 1,033 1,051 1,160 1,178 1,185 1,193 173 611 1,022 Nigena 439 972 1,094 1,290 1,377 1,354 1,322 1,582 1,724 1,457 1,339 368 417 1,249 Rwanda 141 787 835 903 961 977 985 1,114 1,158 1,145 1,162 126 487 952 Sgo Tomi6 and Pnncipe 20 145 158 177 221 218 219 236 284 278 277 16 65 204 Senegal 400 2,080 2,111 2,104 2,239 2,286 2,393 2,775 2,673 2,579 2,620 412 1,598 2,315 Seychelles 19 70 66 67 68 67 67 70 68 68 67 13 55 69 Sierra Leone 176 385 493 591 701 737 732 783 778 815 858 157 267 626 Somalia 546 1,540 1,546 1,576 1,596 1,557 1,503 1,531 1,516 1,487 1,461 564 1,304 1,537 South Afnca 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sudan 1,730 4,597 4,671 4,775 4,838 4,750 4,636 4,704 4,654 4,569 4,504 1,697 3,727 4,646 Swaziland 82 134 124 141 153 140 126 127 124 113 118 60 113 133 Tanzania 2,692 3,845 4,017 4,373 4,455 4,483 5,111 5,524 5,858 5,542 5,260 2,556 3,031 4,625 Togo 318 801 811 892 912 971 961 1,052 1,046 1,005 987 229 456 909 Uganda 254 1,806 2,130 2,456 2,766 2,876 2,973 3,137 2,824 2,901 3,044 222 792 2,499 Zambia 797 2,484 2,616 3,087 3,294 3,502 3,488 3,648 3,532 3,578 3,557 672 1,561 3,112 Zimbabwe 15 1,092 1,209 1,443 1,464 1,407 1,356 1,493 1,565 1,476 1,381 81 628 1,313 NORTH AFRICA 13,488 26,577 27,757 30,680 32,771 36,750 34,493 35,625 34,525 32,335 30,548 11,906 22,683 31,003 Algena 1,269 1,062 1,318 2,054 3,076 3,287 3,145 3,303 3,415 3,102 2,698 1,031 599 2,356 Egypt, Arab Republic 8,116 17,152 17,997 19,532 20,285 23,969 22,524 23,405 22,480 21,063 19,973 7,117 13,201 19,794 Libya Morocco 2,717 5,467 5,532 6,012 6,371 6,659 6,285 6,419 6,046 5,580 5,283 2,597 5,982 6,084 Tunisia 1,386 2,896 2,910 3,082 3,039 2,836 2,539 2,497 2,594 2,589 2,595 1,251 2,301 2,769 ALL AMCA 29,869 92,837 97,640 106,862 113,846 119,812 117,800 125,447 118,929 115,002 110,010 28,443 65,020 107,508 172 External Debt and Related Flows 6-20. Long-term debt: official nonconcessional Millions of US dollars (current prices) Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-AIR SUB-SAEARAN AFRCA 9,293 51,639 50,302 54,964 56,657 52,638 47,652 48,639 43,897 $1.976 48,102 8,334 34,247 50.760 excluding South Africa 9,293 51.639 50,302 54,964 56,657 52,638 47,652 48,639 43,866 51,832 47,980 8,334 34,247 50,735 excl, S.Africa & Nigena 8,740 34.284 33,149 36,443 37,542 35,348 33.963 32,552 28,940 26,714 23,389 7,601 25,370 32,358 Angola 637 608 688 736 716 658 1,016 976 912 871 32 390 758 Benm 50 214 203 213 226 150 128 335 110 100 93 30 85 163 Botswana 76 351 340 334 306 248 203 187 152 118 89 76 309 253 BurkmnaFaso 39 154 148 130 130 70 58 63 50 46 57 34 112 98 Bwunmdi 6 52 49 48 47 40 33 30 25 24 23 9 55 41 Camecroon 364 2,658 2,555 2,789 3,011 3,030 2,944 3,150 2,974 2,850 1,941 299 961 2,680 Cape Verde 29 3 1 3 1 32 30 26 38 42 39 22 29 32 32 Central African Republic 40 81 78 62 7 1 68 64 63 52 49 46 37 106 68 Chad 34 126 116 78 137 134 115 115 101 91 83 24 28 100 Comoros 0 7 7 8 8 9 8 9 9 9 8 2 1 3 9 Congo, Democratic Rep of 1.747 4,852 4,679 4,981 5,195 5,002 4,620 4,845 4,447 4,245 4,082 1,327 3,725 4,747 Congo, Republic of 200 1,236 1,192 1,949 2,059 1,797 1,598 1,551 1,422 1,346 1,251 158 815 1,504 C6te dIvoire 809 5,093 4,906 4,760 4,654 3,981 3,403 3,359 2,837 2,543 2,319 694 3,117 3,957 Djibouti 7 2 2 2 2 3 1 1 1 I 1 4 5 2 Equatonial Guinea 14 66 61 62 65 61 56 58 52 50 48 1 3 62 60 Enitrea 0 0 2 3 7 1 7 1 7 16 8 Ethiopia 76 380 399 433 464 437 442 456 437 399 375 82 208 414 Gabon 203 1,976 1,929 2,848 3,069 3,081 2,637 2,755 2,337 1,964 1,664 173 807 2,361 Gamnbia, The 5 39 35 32 24 1 8 13 1 7 13 15 13 5 34 25 Ghana 259 448 435 427 400 442 395 375 327 275 453 183 309 406 Guinea 183 382 398 460 448 458 454 448 414 375 330 149 378 428 Gumnea-Bissau 1 0 224 212 200 202 180 172 176 165 108 58 15 145 178 Kenya 523 1,172 1,060 3,459 1,373 1,168 982 884 670 570 548 490 1,311 1,040 Lesotho 2 66 97 116 337 134 1333 120 116 133 91 5 38 104 Libenia 148 314 303 306 319 303 285 295 275 276 266 131 299 300 Madagascar 105 1.399 1.277 1,333 1,380 1,344 1,149 1,152 1,411 1,382 958 251 1,408 1,309 Malawi 184 193 177 170 157 326 106 106 102 85 67 132 256 147 Mali 15 81 89 79 77 75 66 179 168 163 360 13 44 107 Mauritania 57 410 363 383 385 361 316 271 309 274 210 74 343 341 Mauritius 89 252 241 233 223 212 209 227 225 201 166 74 242 232 Mozambique 1,857 1,832 1,888 2,227 2,127 2,008 1,905 1,316 1,054 151 153 796 1,593 Namibia Niger 101 286 278 290 313 298 272 284 246 228 177 90 302 272 Nigeria 554 17,355 37,153 18,523 19,115 17,291 15,689 16,087 14,926 25,117 24,592 733 9,077 18,377 Rwanda I I I 1 7 6 7 4 2 1 0 1 2 3 S8o Tomd and Pnncipc 3 23 23 23 II 8 7 7 6 12 12 5 21 15 Senegal 253 800 829 840 868 816 699 484 433 371 331 272 916 67-1 Seychelles 6 28 31 38 42 41 39 44 40 37 34 6 24 36 Sierra Leone 71 323 305 296 265 218 201 220 198 185 154 51 154 229 Somalia 21 322 316 323 329 325 315 320 310 305 302 60 299 319 South Africa 0 0 0 0 0 31 145 122 37 Sudan 1,564 2,913 2,870 2,990 3,083 3,026 2,886 2.962 2,851 2,760 2,699 1,201 2,537 2,927 Swaziland 79 66 63 56 56 66 70 94 100 99 96 57 113 77 Tanzarnia 348 1,601 1,386 1,354 1,337 1,217 682 662 594 495 411 341 1,376 1,111 Togo 236 284 267 287 322 289 253 274 239 225 216 180 423 275 Uganda 37 366 354 320 212 197 318 176 339 122 225 63 311 263 Zambia 688 1.672 1,462 1,854 1,793 1,697 1,600 1,572 946 839 807 621 1,794 1,508 Zimbabwe 86 852 3,144 1,273 1,345 1,321 1,295 3,421 1,293 1,369 1,153 86 464 1,130 NORTH AFRICA 9,190 28,964 29,156 33,654 38,259 35,037 33,353 34,466 32,486 30,438 30,058 9.205 28,681 31,863 Algeria 2,226 5,471 5,188 8,869 12,580 14,874 15,102 16,324 15,051 14,341 13,375 1,739 3,884 10,96-5 Egypt, Arab Republic 4,507 7,525 7,448 8,202 8,510 3,549 3,205 3,343 3,064 2,744 3,276 4,824 15,536 5,615 Libya Morocco 802 10,121 9,955 10,114 10,144 9,305 7,934 7,836 7,111 6,452 5,853 983 5,535 8,620 Turnisia 575 3.012 3,338 3,804 4,361 4,644 4,447 4,562 3,830 3.441 3,533 518 1,675 3.700 ALL AFRICA 18,483 80,603 7945 88,639 94,915 87,675 81,005 83,104 76,383 82,414 78,161 17,539 62,927 82,623 External Debt and Related Flows 173 6-2 1. Long-term debt: private MillItons of US dollars (current prices) Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MRl SUB-SA.NARANAFRCA 20,830 33.097 33,121 46,914 48,644 44,849 41,849 40,416 38,770 37,111 35,949 17,630 37,139 40,084 excluding South Africa 20,830 33,097 33,121 33,879 33,872 30,514 27,919 27,108 25,709 21,948 20,375 11,630 37,739 30,653 exel S.Aftica & Nigena 16,454 24,615 24,626 25,424 25.923 23,428 22.004 21,047 19,752 18,287 16,930 13,134 23,760 22,822 Angola 6,200 6,781 7,031 7,318 6,511 5,813 5,666 5,667 5,282 5,005 557 3,853 6,069 Benin 118 5 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 -3 142 295 5 Botswana 8 21 48 50 47 36 28 24 32 28 19 15 43 32 Burkina Faso 20 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 1 8 34 7 Burundi 8 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 22 3 Cameroon 1,014 1,525 1,397 1,189 1,186 1,069 751 658 727 647 155 727 1,386 1,063 Cape Verde 2 2 2 6 32 3 2 30 9 8 1 5 0 3 7 Central African Republic 48 20 21 18 38 14 14 33 33 33 33 40 23 23 Chad 54 7 6 6 2 1 7 1 7 1 7 16 1 5 14 42 31 1 1 Comoros 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Congo, Democratic Rep of 1,462 852 836 860 878 861 834 899 504 496 488 3,393 879 772 Congo, Republic of 652 883 1.232 941 913 866 832 834 782 764 753 546 1,408 902 C6te dIlvotre 5,091 5,263 5,125 5,210 5,345 4,429 4,592 4,330 4,039 3,876 3,764 3,507 5,570 4,746 Djibouti 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 Equatorial Gumnea 7 36 3 5 36 1 7 36 14 1 5 13 12 32 9 1 8 15 Entrea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ethuopia 49 765 704 652 594 354 350 348 127 117 300 303 565 456 Gabon 955 626 596 268 199 143 131 125 129 117 84 766 850 317 Gamnbia, The 24 9 5 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 36 25 4 Ghana 131 332 345 419 525 799 853 919 840 755 831 132 291 598 Guinea 159 93 104 98 82 98 76 30 29 29 29 133 133 73 Guinea-Bissau 36 30 25 28 32 1 1 3 1 1 0 17 45 35 Kenya 1,286 1,769 3,696 1,266 1,153 953 805 834 742 696 542 898 1,235 1,221 Lesotho 13 28 24 22 35 61 77 93 91 76 58 9 19 53 Liberia 156 195 200 208 208 199 192 199 205 197 189 135 386 198 Madagascar 346 112 87 86 84 77 45 43 40 39 73 256 272 79 Malawi 192 64 50 49 28 24 21 20 19 18 10 128 72 38 Mali 36 6 4 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 37 3 Mauntamua 131 88 19 9 8 25 24 22 20 19 17 118 125 37 Mauntius 165 306 275 448 751 783 787 702 733 453 412 94 148 517 Mozamnbique 227 162 1,743 1,815 1,872 1,930 1.770 1,759 1,728 1,553 70 768 1,33-0 Namibia Niger 432 206 182 157 133 310 96 72 70 68 62 267 368 146 Nigeria 4,376 8,482 8,496 8,455 7,949 7,086 5,915 6,061 5,958 3,661 3,466 4,496 13,979 7,831 Rwanda 8 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 I 1 7 9 2 Sao Tome and Prncipe 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 1 2 1 Senegal 461 162 156 153 327 53 66 33 23 21 61 301 303 108 Seychelles 0 33 35 43 36 30 25 31 24 20 16 2 27 28 Sierra Leonc 157 457 522 509 92 92 91 91 90 6 2 168 375 235 Somalia 28 35 34 36 37 36 34 35 34 33 32 86 58 35 South Africa 13,035 14,772 14,334 33,930 13,309 13,061 15,163 15,573 14,147 Sudan 854 1,972 1,949 2,131 2,355 2,090 1,973 2,055 3,843 1,813 1,782 872 1,730 2,016 Swaziland 24 4 2 1 0 0 31 26 24 20 22 14 35 12 Tanzarma 341 415 418 416 461 433 298 283 267 236 110 263 488 359 Togo 415 51 50 51 52 50 0 0 0 0 0 247 64 30 Uganda 244 260 115 93 87 83 80 66 26 24 37 149 301 125 Zambia 726 372 333 259 224 193 183 141 106 96 349 671 559 242 Zimbabwe 594 1,193 3,053 935 1,052 1,009 906 618 603 532 489 561 1.133 897 NORTH AFRICA 21,909 30,263 28,409 27,253 25,745 22,433 20,237 19,664 18,545 36,301 16,980 17,043 33,92 24,517 Algenia 13,545 19,221 18,588 17,514 15,647 13,124 10,465 9,054 7,430 5,890 4,713 9,882 37,164 33,534 Egypt, Arab Republic 2.070 3,732 2,915 2,520 2,066 3,484 3,206 1,258 1,039 1,136 2,612 2,132 6,587 2,676 Libya Morocco 4,505 5,646 5,373 5,661 5,901 5,600 5,745 6,355 5,750 5,657 5,580 3,534 6,064 5,782 Tunisia 1,429 1.502 1.372 1,319 1.817 2,086 2.531 2,621 3.852 3,639 4,075 1.069 1.832 2,327 ALL LAFRIJCA 42,738 63,360 61,530 74,165 74,389 67,282 62,086 60.080 57,335 53,412 52,929 34,673 69,722 64,601 174 External Debt and Related Flows 6-22. Total external debt Millions of US dollars (current prices) AnnualAverage 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAH-ARAN AFRICA 60,707 187,487 188,531 221,592 235,733 231,611 221.130 228,754 215,290 211,442 201,582 54,950 136,779 208,218 excluding SouthAfrica 60,707 182,487 188,531 199,921 210,375 205,561 195,857 204,001 191,382 186,581 177,532 54,950 136,779 191,891 excl S.Ariea &N'igeria 51,785 153.468 357,795 166,828 176,~282 174,155 167,402 173,707 362,257 155,226 346,413 46,435 130,855 160,586 Angola 10,070 10,586 11,295 11,502 10,548 9,950 10,752 10,233 9,309 9,600 695 5,137 10,120 Bemin 424 1,373 1.447 1,589 1,614 1,592 1,627 1,651 1,686 1,600 1,665 408 1,078 1,539 Botswana 147 613 661 694 709 618 566 520 487 423 370 182 481 570 Burkina Faso 330 1,040 1,119 1,131 1,270 1,296 1.299 1,454 1,575 1,406 1,490 269 708 1,240 Burundi 166 1,022 1,062 1,123 1,158 1,127 1,066 1,119 1,131 1,100 1,065 153 697 1,070 Camneroon 2,588 7,426 7,387 8,270 9,385 9,582 9,334 9,917 9,440 9,243 7,146 1,976 4,445 8,392 Cape Verde 142 148 176 214 202 207 247 327 327 360 62 118 218 Central Afican Republic 195 814 875 888 946 933 883 919 909 858 822 181 557 862 Chad 284 723 768 828 900 994 1,023 1,091 1,141 1,115 1,104 227 323 903 Comoros 44 190 189 202 214 218 219 227 228 232 246 48 176 211 Congo, Demiocratic Rep of 4,773 10,972 11,273 12.322 13,239 12,830 12,337 13,203 12,048 11,692 11,392 4,319 7,993 11,86-7 Congo, Republic of 1,526 4,770 5,081 5.413 6,004 5,241 5,071 5,119 5,033 4,887 4,496 1,227 3,849 5,075 C6te dlvoire 7,462 18,546 19,071 17,395 18,898 19,524 15,609 14,852 13,170 12,138 11,582 5,644 12,570 16,351 Djibouti 32 235 264 263 282 296 274 288 275 262 262 33 163 261 Equatornal Guinea 76 255 264 288 292 282 283 306 271 248 239 71 185 269 Eritrea 29 37 44 76 151 253 311 410 164 Ethiopia 824 9.341 9,703 10,063 10,308 10,078 10,077 10,347 5,544 5,483 5,697 1,656 6.850 8,699 Gabon 1,514 3,850 3,861 4,171 4,360 4,310 4,278 4,425 3,979 3,911 3,409 1,231 2,393 4,063 Gambia, The 137 403 426 423 426 452 425 460 465 483 489 116 301 434 Ghana 1,402 4,508 4,887 5,469 5,936 6,443 6,347 6,969 7,017 6,658 6,759 1,313 2,974 5,771 Guinea 1,134 2,634 2,848 3,110 3,242 3,240 3,519 3,546 3,522 3,388 3,254 1,119 1,949 3,117 Guinea-Bissau 140 761 787 852 898 937 921 966 934 804 668 110 465 831 Kenya 3,387 6,898 7,111 7,202 7,412 6,931 6,603 6,881 6,487 6,295 5,833 2,646 5,254 6,847 Lesotho 72 494 542 623 684 701 674 688 682 671 592 69 249 600 Libenia 686 1,922 1,956 2,056 2,154 2,107 2,012 2,103 2,077 2,032 1,987 620 1,550 2,017 Madagascar 1,248 3,911 3,805 4,096 4,322 4,146 4,109 4,394 4,755 4,701 4,160 1,187 3,267 4,168 Malawi 830 1,709 1,826 2,025 2,243 2,315 2,228 2,444 2,751 2,716 2,602 659 1,263 2,174 Mali 727 2,899 2,903 2,695 2,958 3,007 3,143 3,198 3,183 2,964 2,890 699 1,879 2,909 Mauritania 840 2,088 2,141 2,223 2,349 2,412 2,456 2,357 2,528 2,500 2,165 805 1,844 2,292 Mauritius 467 1,051 1,008 1,382 1,757 3,818 1,837 1,856 1,847 1.720 1,724 359 768 1,502 Mozamnbique 5,130 5,212 7,272 7,458 7,566 7,632 8,301 6,978 7,052 4,466 513 3,803 6,370 Nainubia Niger 863 1,517 1,542 1,525 1,587 1,538 1,572 1,654 1,641 1,638 1,555 640 1,481 1,582 Nigeria 8,921 29,019 30,736 33,092 34.093 31,407 28,455 30,294 29,126 31,355 31,139 8,515 25,924 31,305 Rwanda 190 857 909 952 1,028 1,043 1,111 1,226 1,292 1,271 1,283 158 540 1,041 Siolo Tm6and Prncipe 24 190 210 223 245 234 237 257 320 315 313 22 97 238 Senegal 1,473 3,666 3,764 3,658 3,841 3,663 3,663 3,858 3,709 3,372 3,461 1,269 3,396 3,663 Seychelles 84 164 157 171 159 148 149 187 172 209 215 127 140 172 Sierra Leone 470 1,390 1,556 1,558 1,250 1,242 1,200 1,314 1,298 1,228 1,188 443 949 1,308 Somalia 660 2,447 2,500 2,616 2,678 2,643 2,561 2,635 2,606 2,561 2,532 785 1,939 2,550 South Africa 21,671 25,358 26,050 25,272 24,753 23,907 24,861 24,050 24,490 Sudan 5,177 15,450 15,836 16,918 17,603 16,972 16,326 16,843 16,132 15,741 15,348 4,807 10,945 16,097 Swaziland 206 210 396 206 220 208 385 275 301 295 308 146 263 257 Tanzanma 5,324 6,669 6,784 7,239 7,412 7,370 7,181 7,653 8,049 7,386 6,676 4,883 6,280 7,120 Togo 1,122 1,353 1,294 1,456 1,476 1,488 1,346 1,472 1,521 1,432 1,406 757 1,127 1,406 Uganda 687 2,926 3,028 3,371 3,575 3,677 3,878 3,912 3,492 3,494 3,733 610 1,733 3,371 Zamnbia 3,244 6,709 6,485 6,816 6,966 7,068 6,668 6,879 5,868 5,731 5,671 2,954 5,982 6,562 Zimnbabwe 786 4,060 4,285 4,524 5,007 4,976 4,919 4,707 4,577 4,022 3,780 982 2,671 4,295 NORTH AFRIA 53,517 93,148 90,886 97,761 103,426 101,642 95,922 97,888 93,522 82,856 79,583 46,420 96,530 94,263 Algeria 19,365 27,343 26,267 30,233 33,042 33,645 30,892 30,678 27,997 25,273 22,503 14,323 23,729 28,709 Egypt, Arab Republic 19,131 31,129 30,567 32,379 33,337 31,366 29,927 32,268 30,877 29,027 29,234 18,167 42,402 31,313 Libya Morocco 9,259 22,061 21,459 22,158 22,665 21,889 20,196 20,526 19,191 17,945 16,962 8,335 19,338 20,948 Tunisia 3,527 8,543 8,694 9,614 10.820 11,379 1 1,230 10.850 11,880 10,610 10,884 3,002 6,284 10,037 ALL AFRCA 314,224 276,23$ 279,416 319,353 339,159 333,253 317,051 326,641 308,812 294,298 281,165 301,370 233,310 302,47-9 External Debt and Related Flows 175 6-23. Structure of external debt Millions of US dollars (current prices) Bilateral Multilateral Prrvate Short-term IMF Concessional Nonconcessional Concessional Nonconcessional 1980 2001 1980 2001 1980 2001 1980 2001 1980 2001 1980 2001 1980 2001 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 12,445 33,213 5,694 39,723 3,936 46,249 3,599 8,380 20,830 35,949 11,170 32,043 3,033 6,338 excluding South Africa 12,445 33,213 5,694 39,723 3,936 46,249 3,599 8,258 20,830 20,375 11,170 23,688 3,033 6,338 excludingSouthAfrica&Ntgerna 12,043 32,612 5,674 17,272 3,899 45,511 3,066 6,118 16,454 16,910 7,617 21,966 3,033 6.338 Angola 1,314 842 253 29 5,005 2,157 0 0 Benin 82 437 31 75 84 971 20 18 118 3 73 85 16 77 Botswana 28 77 23 2 32 164 53 87 8 19 4 21 0 0 BurkinaFaso 89 212 30 23 133 1,037 9 35 20 3 35 64 15 117 Burund, 49 117 1 0 55 832 5 23 8 1 12 89 36 2 Cameroon 663 2,901 142 1,531 210 949 222 410 1,014 155 278 956 59 244 Cape Verde 71 14 233 8 15 19 0 0 CentralAfncanRepublic 17 138 28 36 42 540 12 11 48 33 25 34 24 31 Chad 97 87 34 50 75 808 0 33 54 14 12 23 14 89 Comoros 21 51 0 0 21 162 0 8 0 0 1 24 0 1 Congo, Democratic Rep of 667 1,525 1,620 3,508 194 1,489 127 573 1,462 488 329 3,431 373 377 Congo, Republic of 355 1,378 132 966 49 250 69 285 652 753 247 826 22 39 Cote d'lvoire 369 2,257 355 1,195 69 1,622 454 1,124 5,091 3,764 1,059 1,155 65 464 Djiboutli 14 92 5 0 1 142 1 1 5 0 6 12 0 16 Equatonal Guinea 30 50 13 41 2 82 1 7 7 12 7 45 16 2 Entrea 153 10 229 6 0 12 0 Ethiopia 281 2,132 18 202 282 2,925 58 174 49 100 57 60 79 106 Gabon 103 1,256 173 1,308 10 26 30 357 955 84 228 304 15 75 Gambia, The 33 87 0 5 36 336 5 8 24 2 23 26 16 26 Ghana 636 1,058 119 329 139 3,599 140 125 131 811 131 555 105 284 Guinea 615 1,060 116 167 63 1,425 67 163 159 29 80 287 35 123 Guinea-Bissau 58 213 5 50 29 356 5 9 36 0 5 18 1 23 Kenya 414 1,351 159 389 270 2,599 364 159 1,286 542 640 695 254 99 Lesotho 4 41 2 11 40 383 0 80 11 58 8 4 6 15 Libena 179 366 50 74 33 191 98 193 156 189 81 694 89 281 Madagascar 319 970 71 900 148 1,794 34 57 346 73 244 239 87 127 Malawi III 405 112 7 147 2,001 72 60 192 10 116 46 80 73 Mali 451 950 6 146 163 1,506 9 15 36 0 24 103 39 171 Mauntania 420 748 38 107 106 890 18 103 131 17 65 195 62 105 Mauntius 39 218 37 32 25 56 53 135 165 412 47 872 102 0 Mozambique 927 102 1,142 49 1,553 499 0 196 Narubia Niger 42 231 70 155 112 963 30 22 432 62 159 42 16 81 Nigena 401 601 21 22,452 38 738 533 2,140 4,376 3,466 3,553 1,723 0 0 Rwanda 51 147 1 0 91 1,014 0 0 8 1 26 36 14 84 SAoTomrandPrPncipe 9 112 4 8 11 165 0 4 0 5 0 17 0 2 Senegal 221 846 169 201 179 1,775 84 130 461 61 219 201 140 248 Seychelles 16 43 4 6 3 24 2 28 0 16 59 98 0 0 SierraLeone 138 257 47 140 39 602 23 14 157 2 7 22 59 152 Somalia 400 785 9 286 147 676 13 16 28 32 47 596 18 141 South Africa 0 0 0 122 15,573 8,355 0 0 Sudan 1,361 2,795 1,298 2,509 368 1,710 266 190 854 1,782 598 5,811 431 551 Swaziland 65 50 34 12 17 67 45 84 24 22 15 72 6 0 Tanzana 2,388 2,061 89 377 305 3,199 259 35 341 110 1,771 554 171 341 Togo 228 248 210 202 90 740 26 14 415 0 120 146 33 57 Uganda 191 282 21 167 63 2,763 16 58 244 37 63 152 89 275 Zambia 778 1,259 314 670 19 2,298 374 137 726 149 586 175 447 982 Zimbabwe 15 858 83 252 0 523 3 901 594 489 90 495 0 262 NORTHAAFRICA 11,435 26,432 7,177 17,478 2,053 4,116 2,013 12,580 21,909 16,980 8,063 4,500 868 1,518 Algena 1,255 2,288 1,956 9,863 14 410 270 3,512 13,545 4,713 2,325 199 0 1,518 Egypt, Arab Republic 6,231 17,780 3,767 1,788 1,885 2,194 741 1,487 2,070 2,612 4,027 3,373 411 0 Libya Morocco 2,638 4,295 158 1,345 79 988 644 4,509 4,505 5,580 778 247 457 0 Tunisia 1,311 2,070 218 460 75 525 357 3,073 1,429 4,075 136 682 0 0 ALLAFRICA 23,880 59,645 12,871 57,201 5,989 50,365 5,612 20,960 42,738 52,929 19,233 36,544 3,901 7,856 176 External Debt and Related Flows 6-24. Structure of external debt service payments Millions of U S dollars (current prices) Bilateral Multilateral Private Short-termn IMF Concessional Nonconcessional Concessional Nonconcessional 1980 2001 1980 2001 1980 2001 1980 2001 1980 200) 1980 2001 1980 2001 SUB-SAHARAN AFRCA 422 1,140 452 2,198 59 969 425 '1,289 3,818 6,638 1,025 703 487 807 excluding South Africa 422 1,140 452 2,198 59. 969 425 1,277 3,818 2,617 1,025 380 487 807 excluding South Africa &Nigeria 400 1,117 437 522 58 955 354 828 3,154 2,260 646 337 487 807 Angola 322 26 3 7 1,473 34 0 0 Benin I I11 1 3 1 29 1 5 4 0 1 1 3 0 1 5 Botswana 1 1 0 2 2 0 1 0 1 0 27 1 3 2 1 0 0 Burkna Faso 3 7 4 1 3 25 2 6 5 0 5 3 0 14 Burundi I 1 0 0 0 1 5 1 0 4 0 2 2 1 4 Camneroon 25 59 1 8 4 4 24 24 97 163 0 28 34 1 9 4 Cape Verde 2 1 6 1 3 1 0 0 Central Aftscan Republic 0 3 0 0 0 10 0 0 1 0 2 0 7 0 Chad 1 7 0 0 2 16 0 3 0 1 0 I 3 3 Comoros 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Congo, Democratic Rep of 48 0 136 0 2 0 22 0 189 0 45 18 101 0 Congo, Republic of 22 0 13 0 1 10 I11 71 25 0 31 10 8 2 C6te dlvoire 29 105 55 25 3 12 46 161 1,180 212 95 34 0 69 Djibouti 2 6 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 Equatorial Guinea 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 3 Entrea 4 0 3 I 0 0 0 Ethiopia I11 63 1 1 2 61 10 32 9 1 3 9 1 2 13 Gabon 6 123 28 182 0 0 4 73 359 51 33 12 1 1 5 Gambia, The 0 4 0 0 0 9 0 2 0 0 3 1 1 0 Ghana 24 25 22 15 1 72 13 25 48 85 18 27 33 67 Guinea 55 31 7 6 0 47 21 27 14 0 9 8 2 12 Guinea-Bissau 0 7 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 2 4 0 1 1 0 1 Kenya 13 21 22 117 2 59 47 60 274 141 58 41 1 7 24 Lesotho 0 26 0 2 0 12 0 1 1 4 13 1 0 0 4 Liberna 3 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 27 0 1 1 0 5 1 Madagascar 21 14 2 12 I 45 3 12 42 3 29 4 3 2 Malawi 4 8 7 0 2 40 3 10 53 0 16 1 3 7 Mali 4 27 0 2 1 45 0 3 3 0 3 3 4 22 Mauritania 8 17 0 6 3 46 2 18 17 4 7 5 1 1 14 Mauritius 2 34 4 14 0 5 6 28 29 89 8 3 1 3 0 Mozawnbique 14 0 30 9 30 10 0 28 Nasnubia Niger 3 2 5 1 16 22 2 2 98 8 19 1 0 2 Nigenia 22 24 1 5 1,675 1 14 70 449 663 357 379 43 0 0 Rwanda 0 6 0 0 1 25 0 0 3 0 3 I 0 12 Sao Tomd and Prncipe 0 I 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Senegal 13 70 19 33 1 63 8 20 183 21 24 6 12 28 Seychelles 0 5 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 4 37 3 0 0 Sierra Leone 2 0 2 9 0 8 2 1 41 0 0 0 19 78 Somalia 3 0 0 0 1 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 South Africa 0 0 0 12 4,021 322 0 0 Sudan 37 0 30 0 5 2 18 1 12 0 70 0 92 53 Swaziland 2 5 6 4 0 2 4 12 5 3 2 2 0 0 Tanzania 32 33 2 11 2 90 23 24 36 30 26 6 39 24 Togo 2 0 17 0 1 17 2 0 16 0 14 5 0 11 Uganda 3 4 8 0 I 44 2 8 22 3 5 4 16 43 Zambia 16 23 21 12 0 33 51 35 238 10 0 7 84 218 Zimbabwe 3 20 0 11 0 0 3 17 43 60 15 16 0 11 NORTH AFRICA 571 2,030 428 1,935 11 395 261 2,266 5,256 3,439 869 223 253 29 Algeria 107 320 226 1,199 2 85 69 692 3,564 1,854 116 9 0 217 Egypt, Arab Republic 265 860 50 185 7 III 51 307 320 321 422 150 121 0 Libya Morocco 130 617 24 200 1 144 94 782 992 880 lOS 4 100 0 Tunisia 70 234 28 134 1 56 47 485 340 384 26 30 33 32 ALL AFRICA 994 3,171 880 4,132 70 1,364 685 3,554 9,074 10,077 1,895 926 739 1,057 Note In 1995, Zambia was able to clear its arrears to the IMS after completing a 3 year Rights Arrangemeni Program External Debt and Related Flows 177 6-25. Terms of long-term external financing, 2001 Structure of financing Concessional terms Nonconcessional terms (percentage of total) Grace Grant Grace Grant Conces- Nonco,,- Interest period Maturity element Interest period Maturity element sional cessional (percent) (years) (years) (percent) (percent) (years) (years) (percent) loans loans SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 1.0 10 5 37.8 76.6 5 8 3 1 9.7 15.5 63 8 36 2 ex;luding South Africa 1.0 10 5 37.8 76 6 5 8 3 1 9.7 15.5 79 7 20.3 excl. S. Africa &Nigena 3.0 305 37.8 76. 6.3 36 30.9 15.7 793 207 Angola Benin 0.9 13 2 38 3 77 7 1000 Botswana 0 0 20 4 29 0 90 2 99 7 0 3 Burkina Faso 0 9 10 5 38 8 78 7 20 0 4 7 4 23 9 95 9 4 1 Burundi 0 8 101 39 6 80 4 1000 Cameroon 1 8 103 313 65 3 76 5.3 136 119 869 13 1 Cape Verde 13 6.1 261 601 67 8 32 2 Central Afncan Republic 0 8 100 39 5 80 3 3000 Chad 08 112 407 812 58 48 123 220 644 356 Comoros 0 8 101 39 6 80 4 1000 Congo, Democratic Rep of Congo, Republic of 0 8 10 3 39 8 80 7 3000 C6te dlvoire Djibouti 0 8 10 3 39 8 80 6 loo 0 Equatonal Guinea Entrea 12 9 2 34 6 69 8 TO0 o Ethiopia 0 8 117 40 9 80 8 . 1000 Gabon 44 53 198 366 3000 Gambia, The 14 7 6 331 67 7 1000 Ghana 08 119 411 813 883 117 Guinea 0 8 10 4 39 9 80 7 3000 Guinea-Bissau Kenya 0 6 10 2 36 6 80 5 74 5 25 5 Lesotho 0 8 13 4 42 9 82 8 1000 Libena Madagascar 0 8 30 9 40 4 810 1000 Malawi 08 117 412 816 1 2 988 Mali 09 100 364 764 1000 00 Mauntania 16 10 6 36 2 712 1000 00 Mauntius 3 9 3 9 14 0 33 5 68 0 32 0 Mozambique 0 8 100 39 5 80 3 1000 Namnibia Niger 08 95 388 784 1000 Nigena 08 113 388 804 40 13 48 145 888 112 Rwanda 08 309 396 802 3000 SaoTomeandrPnncipe 0 8 113 40 8 81 1 1000 Senegal 12 7 7 315 69 3 loo 0 Seychelles SierraLeone 0.7 11 8 40 1 817 1000 Somalia South Afnca 0 8 10 3 34 8 78 8 0 3 99 7 Sudan Swaziland 5 0 30 0 29 0 40 0 72 2 27 8 Tanzania 07 99 387 795 00 14 14 126 997 03 Togo 25 74 249 564 997 03 Uganda 08 116 411 813 1000 Zambia 0 9 15 1 43 2 814 .. 1000 Zimbabwe . 7 1 16 81 9 9 0o0 100 NORTHAFRICA 36 4.9 219 425 52 24 8.5 154. 403 597 Algena 42 49 186 365 37 13 39 129 275 725 Egypt, Arab Republic 0 8 10 3 49 8 83 2 0 3 99 7 Libya 00 0 0 00 0.0 Morocco 35 64 231 458 48 25 36 129 841 159 Tunisia 3.6 3 0 20 8 39 0 6 4 2 7 19 2 20 8 52 7 47 3 ALLAFRICA 37 91 33.7 67.7 54 27 89 15.4 554 446 Note No data indicates no commitment for the year 2001 178 External Debt and Related Flows 6-26. External debt and debt service ratios, 2001 Debt-GDP ratio Total external Percentage Debt-export ratio Present value Debt service- Non- debt per capita of debt Non- of debt-export export ratio Concessional concessional (US dollars) disbursed Concessional concessional ratio,2001 (Ex post) SUB-SAHARANAFRICA 24 - 37 300 89 71 109 143 12 excludmgSouthAfnca 39 46 282 89 107 132 184 13 excl S Africa&Nigeria 49 38 293 88 144 126 195 12 Angola 17 9 710 89 22 111 129 26 Benn 59 4 259 81 310 57 185 14 Botswana 5 2 218 92 8 4 10 2 Burkina Faso 50 2 129 74 410 79 235 18 Burundi 138 3 153 88 1,718 208 1,172 42 Cameroon 45 23 470 91 141 121 181 8 Cape Verde 52 4 806 61 123 23 94 6 CentralAfncanRepublic 70 5 218 92 526 112 416 10 Chad 56 5 139 76 342 80 240 11 Comoros 97 4 430 96 332 51 276 4 Congo, Democratic Rep of 28 218 96 292 813 1,029 2 Congo, Republic of 59 45 1,449 95 70 124 183 4 Cote dlvoire 37 22 706 92 94 186 258 15 Djibouti 0 407 84 Equatonal Guinea 7 3 509 88 6 5 9 0 Entrea 55 2 97 21 93 7 57 2 Ethiopia 81 6 87 91 522 66 301 19 Gabon 30 38 2,704 90 40 67 105 14 Gambia, The 103 3 365 85 167 26 105 6 Ghana 88 9 343 84 189 85 160 13 Guinea 83 11 429 85 298 92 208 16 Guinea-Bissau 286 29 545 91 1,063 186 792 60 Kenya 35 5 190 86 131 63 147 15 Lesotho 53 11 287 78 75 30 72 12 Libena 618 99 Madagascar 60 21 260 89 206 104 153 7 Malawi 138 4 247 81 495 40 306 14 Mali 106 7 261 82 270 48 155 11 Mauntania 159 20 788 88 371 119 319 25 Mauntius 6 4 1,437 78 9 48 55 7 Mozambique 57 4 247 82 197 228 87 11 Namibia Niger 61 9 139 81 328 99 282 10 Nigena 3 60 240 94 7 149 155 13 Rwanda 68 0 148 80 670 70 387 25 S5o Tome and Pnncipe 589 26 2,068 83 1,545 201 559 34 Senegal 57 7 354 81 161 52 148 15 Seychelles 12 6 2,606 73 13 29 41 3 Sierra Leone 115 21 231 96 725 278 704 81 Somalia 279 89 South Africa 0 0 556 89 0 64 62 12 Sudan 36 22 484 94 271 651 874 3 Swaziland 9 8 288 73 12 20 31 3 Tanzania 56 4 194 83 345 93 88 14 Togo 78 17 302 86 208 88 211 7 Uganda 54 4 164 87 429 97 162 15 Zambia 98 22 551 92 331 196 375 31 Zimbabwe 15 13 295 75 69 119 174 7 NORTH AFRICA 15 24 590 88 45 72 106 15 Algena 5 24 730 82 11 84 92 19 Egypt, Arab Republic 20 3 449 94 92 43 115 9 Libya Morocco 15 17 582 83 41 90 113 20 Tunisia 13 18 1,125 73 26 84 110 14 ALL AFRICA 20 31 348 88 61 95 129 13 External Debt and Related Flows 179 Figure 6-1. Debt service ratio (ex post), 2001 (percent of exports of goods and services) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Sierra Leone G Bu ono-B d, Go.i. a-B,aa"m Sao Tome and ncpe i i Zambia I JiIE A ngo al. Mwnd .. tai Mo o n eo a i| Rot a ad a IvIe Moroco i ; Eth,o p.a A Ige. n Ml rk,o a F a; a o = lllu&,"u = Ke yae _ Co te d Iv o-.c Uiganda -- Toa, Nigeroia ~ Lcaotho+I I Sooth Afnco a1 Mozcoombhque - Chad -- - Ceatral Mfnco Reoh.c - Nige r - 4 - Egypt. Aroh Rep- Came roon0 Madoao csar To go Goatmba The Cape Verdi, Djibouoti Co ago S a.doa. 180 External Debt and Related Flows Figure 6-2. Debt to GDP ratio, 2001 (percent) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 G uinea-Bissu ;_ Meaurihtan Burundi Maleoc t Sterra Leone Malt Gambi The Cemoron la Guinea Ethioplsi.E TogoiS Central African Republic Rwand. Niger S Madagascar Beni.11 Congo Moz-mbique Senegal l Concessional Tanzahnia E s Nonconcessional Eritrea i Uganda LewothoOE Cape Verde Burkina Fasot Cameroon ZZZ =1 DJibouti Cole d I,oirei i Sudan Kenya Gabon Egypt Arab Rep Congo Democratic Republic Angot. Morocco Ztmbabwe D Seycheltes Swonzetand i Equatorial Culne. Mauritins ] Aqaeri. Botswnan Ntger _ South Africe * Sorted by concessional debt External Debt and Related Flows 181 Technical notes is, on long-term official concessional, official Tables nonconcessional, and private loans (World Bank, DRS). Tables 6-1, 6-2, and 6-3. Gross disbursements: of- Table 6-12. Interest payments: long-term loans ficial concessional, official nonconcessional, and and IMF charges. This is the sum of Tables 6-9 private long-term loans. Gross disbursements are through 6-1l, plus IMF charges on drawings. from commitments of long-term external loans by official concessional, official nonconcessional, and Table 6-13. Total external debt service payments: private sources, respectively (World Bank, DRS). long-term loans and IMF credit. Total external debt service payments include the sum of amortization on Table 6-4. Disbursements: long-term loans and long-term loans and IMF credit and interest payments IMF purchases. This is the sum of tables 6-1 through on long-term loans and IMF credit (World Bank, DRS). 6-3, plus IMF purchases. Table 6-14. Interest payments: short-term loans. Tables 6-5, 6-6, and 6-7. Amortization: official These are estimated for the respective year based on concessional, official nonconcessional, and private the estimated year-end stock of short-term debt (which long-term loans. Amortization is the actual repay- may include interest arrears on long-term debt) and ment of principal made in foreign currencies, goods, the annual average six-month London interbank of- or services on outstanding long-term official fered rate (LIBOR) on notes denominated in U.S. concessional, official nonconcessional, and private dollars as reported in the IFS (with no adjustment for long-term loans as described above (World Bank, DRS). spreads). Actual payments may be different because the LIBOR only approximates actual interest rates on Table 6-8. Amortization: long-term loans and IMF short-term loans, and because not all interest due on repurchases. This is the sum of Tables 6-5 to 6-7, short-term loans is actually paid (World Bank, DRS). plus repurchases of drawings from the IMF. Table 6-15. Net flows: long- and short-term loans, Tables 6-9, 6-10, and 6-11. Interest payments: of- including IMF. These flows represent all disburse- ficial concessional, official nonconcessional, and ments of long- and short-term loans net of all repay- private long-term loans. These are actual payments ments of principal on long- and short-term loans and made in foreign currencies, goods, and services to IMF credit (World Bank, DRS). various lenders described above on interest obliga- tions, including IMF charges on drawings due on dis- Table 6-16. Net flows: long-term loans, including bursed debt and on commitment charges due on un- IMF. Net flows of long-term loans are as defined disbursed debt (where information is available), that above for Table 6-15, but excluding short-term loans (World Bank, DRS). 182 External Debt and Related Flows Table 6-17. Net transfers: long- and short-term Table 6-25. Terms of long-term external financing, loans, including IMF. Net transfers are net flows 2000. This table presents the average interest rates, (Table 6-15) less interest payments (Tables 6-12 and grace periods, maturities, and grant elements shown 6-14). separately for official concessional and nonconcessional long-term loans (excluding private Table 6-18. Net transfers: long-term loans, includ- financing); short-term loans are excluded (World ing LIMF. Net transfers include long-term loans and Bank, DRS). Grant elements are calculated using a IMF credit only (Table 6-16 less Table 6-12). standard 10 percent discount rate. The indicators are weighted averages (based on amount of commit- Tables 6-19, 6-20, and 6-21. Long-term debt: offi- ments) across all loans in each category. For the col- cial concessional, official nonconcessional, and pri- umn on structure of financing (that is, total flows), vate. This series reflects the total debt outstanding grants are based on sources for Chapter 12 (Aid and disbursed of official concessional, official Flows) and are not comparable with net official trans- nonconcessional, and private loans (World Bank, fers shown in Chapter 5. DRS). The time series reflects changes in the valua- tion of year-end debt stocks (because of US dollar Table 6-26. External debt and debt service ratios, exchange rate fluctuation) and debt cancellation, as 2000. This table includes the ratio of debt outstand- well as net disbursements. Therefore changes in debt ing and disbursed to GDP; per capita debt; the ratio stocks from year to year cannot be used as a measure of debt outstanding and disbursed to debt outstand- of net borrowing or vice versa. ing, including undisbursed; the ratio of debt outstand- ing and disbursed and the ratio of the present value of Table 6-22. Total external debt. When Tables 6-19 debt to exports of goods and all services, including to 6-21 are supplemented with IMF credit and esti- receipts of workers' remittances; and the ratio of total mates of total short-term debt (which includes inter- debt service paid to exports of goods and all services, est in arrears on public and publicly guaranteed more commonly called the debt service ratio (World long-term loans), they sum up to total extemal debt Bank, DRS). Ratios are shown separately for (World Bank, DRS). concessional debt and for all nonconcessional (includ- ing private) debt. Both the stock of external debt and Table 6-23. Structure of external debt. This table debt service payments include short- and long-term summarizes debt structure for 1980 and 2000 (World loans and IMF credit, except for the ratio of debt out- Bank, DRS). The columns cover the type of creditor standing to debt outstanding including undisbursed, and concessionality. The private debt shown includes which is calculated for public and publicly guaran- both the private guaranteed (by an entity of the debtor teed debt only. The data for exports of goods and all government) and the private nonguaranteed debt. For services, plus receipts of workers' remittances, are each year, all components shown add to the total in taken from balance of payments data in Chapter 5. Table 6-22. The present value of debt is the sum of all future pay- ments discounted to the present (usually with a com- Table 6-24. Structure of external debt service pay- mercial discount rate similar to LIBOR. The debt ser- ments. This summary table compares debt service vice ratio is shown for the ex post category, depicting payments for all types of creditors in 1980 and 2000 the amount paid after debt relief and/or arrears. (World Bank, DRS). Debt service payments on short-term loans are excluded, to be consistent with Figures Table 6-13. Debt service payments are actual repay- ments of principal (amortization) and actual payments The following indicators have been used to derive the of interest. The column headings have the same defi- figures in this chapter: nitions as given above for Table 6-23. Figure 6-1. Debt service ratio (Table 6-26). Figure 6-2. Debt to GDP ratio (Table 6-26). External Debt and Related Flows 183 Methodology used for regional aggregations and period averages in chapter 6 Aggregations a Period averages b Table (1) (2) (6) (1) 6-1 x x 6-2 x x 6-3 x x 6-4 x x 6-5 x x 6-6 x x 6-7 x x 6-8 x x 6-9 x x 6-10 x x 6-11 x x 6-12 x x 6-13 x x 6-14 x x 6-15 x x 6-16 x x 6-17 x x 6-18 x x 6-19 x x 6-20 x x 6-21 x x 6-22 x 6-23 x 6-24 x 6-25 x 6-26 x Note Regional aggregations are shown in the rows for Sub-Saharan Afnca, North Afnca, and All Afnca Penod averages are shown in the last three columns This table shows only the methodologies used in this chapter a Regional aggregations (I) simple total, (2) simple total of the first indicator divided by the simple total of the second indicator (same country coverage), (3) simple total of the gap-filled indicator, (4) simple total of the gap-filled main indicator divided by the simple total of the gap-filled secondary indicator, (5) simple total of the first gap-filled main indicator less the simple total of the second gap-filled main indicator, all divided by the simple total of the secondary indicator, (6) weighted total (by population), (7) median, (8) no aggregation, (9) simple anthmetic mean b Penod averages (I) anthmetic mean (using the same senes as shown in the table i e,ratio if the rest of the table is shown as ratio, level if the rest of the table is shown as level, growth rate if the rest is shown as growth rate), (2) least-squares growth rate (using main indicator), (3) least-squares growth rate (using main indicator in constant terms, with the rest of the table in current terms) Goveirnment Finance T he data in this chapter pertain to consolidated Measures of fiscal deficit or surplus are among the government (except when not available) instead single most important indicators of government fis- of to central government operations, which were cal performance. The measure is usually calculated as reported in previous volumes. the difference between total revenue (including grants) Definitions have been taken from the IMF's Gov- and total expenditure (including lending minus repay- ermnent Finance Statistics (GFS). For this volume, ments). As such, it measures government net financing data are taken from country desks. When not avail- requirements. GFS methodology recommends group- able from country desks, data are taken from the GFS ing grants receipt with revenue because they can be and supplemented with data from IMF, World Bank, spent without incurring an obligation for future pay- or staff reports, or from other national government ments but lists them separately because grants can sources. Data from various sources have been harmo- sometimes be treated as financing items. Financing nized to produce a consistent and comparable time includes all government borrowing from others (at series. home and abroad) minus amortization (government The focus of this chapter is on the principal finan- repayment of its borrowing from others and changes cial transactions of government-taxing, borrowing, in cash balances). Other measures of fiscal balance spending, and lending-rather than on the production include the fiscal deficit or surplus without capital and consumption of goods and services, the use of grants, which measures the government's ability to labor, or other government activities. Spending cov- operate without foreign capital transfers, and the fis- ers both current and capital transactions. cal deficit or surplus, excluding interest payments from The data cover major government finance indica- expenditure, referred to as the primary deficit or sur- tors-fiscal deficit or surplus, expenditure and lend- plus. ing minus repayments, revenue, grants, and domestic Revenue is divided between taxes-unrequited com- and foreign financing-expressed as a percentage of pulsory payments to government-and nontax rev- GDP. The chapter also includes information on the enue. It includes only non-repayable receipts other major components of revenue and expenditure by eco- than grants. Tax revenue is also classified according nomic category, shown as percentages of total rev- to the base upon which the tax is levied (for example, enue and as a percentage of expenditure and lending income and profits). minus repayments, respectively. 184 Government Finance 185 Expenditure is classified by economic category further discussion, see World Bank 1988b, box 2.1, (such as wages, purchases, and interest payments). p 45.) Indicators calculated as ratios to GDP use GDP Lending minus repayments-govemment lending less at purchaser values or market prices (see Technical repayment of past government lending-is grouped Notes to Chapter 1). Because GDP at purchaser val- with expenditure, except in certain cases (see Techni- ues includes import duties (and GDP at market prices cal Notes). includes indirect taxes), ratios for revenues tend to The economic classification of expenditures (for understate tax burdens, especially where such taxes example, on wages) is presented as a percentage of are an important source of government revenue. total expenditure and lending minus repayments, be- Fiscal year data are compared with the calendar year cause lending minus repayments is itself a separate GDP data that correspond either to the second half of economic classification. the fiscal year or to the calendar year in which most No attempt was made to reconcile GFS data in this of the fiscal year falls. Fiscal years do not correspond chapter with the System of National Accounts (SNA). to calendar years in Botswana, Cameroon, Egypt, The fundamental difference between the two systems Ethiopia, The Gambia, and Ghana (before 1982), is that GFS focuses on government financial transac- Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritius, Niger, tions, whereas the SNA considers government trans- Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Swaziland, actions as part of total demand and value added. (For Tanzania, UJganda, and Zimbabwe (after 1985). 186 Government Finance 7-1. Government deficit/surplus (including grants) Percentage of GDP Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUBl-SAHARAN AFRICA ,. -7.1 -7.2 -4.9 -3.3 -3.1 -3.3 -3 5 -3,3 -2 4 -1 9 -48 -4.6 .4.1 excluding South Afiria . -6 7 -5.4 -3.8 -1.6 -1.1 -2.2 -4-2 -43 .2 8 -2 1 -5.0 -3.7 excl. S.Africa & Nigeria . -6 7 -54 -5.0 -3.9 -3 1 -2.8 -3 3 -3,7 -3 & -2 3 -5.3 -5.0 -42 Angola . -56.9 -21.7 -20 1 -37 5 -16 1 -22.0 -7 9 -16 4 -6 7 0 1 . -1I 1 -21 2 Benin . 7 2 -2 9 -44 -46 -0 4 0 3 2 1 1 9 -1 8 -1 5 -5 8 -2 8 Botswana 9 3 9 5 5 0 4 1 4 4 5 4 2 1 -2 7 7 0 6 7 10 4 15 2 5 9 Burkina Faso -2 9 -44 -3 4 -3 9 -0 6 -3 3 -3 2 -40 -43 -43 -3 5 Bunindi 9 8 -2 7 -3 7 -2 2 -2 2 -7 4 -41 -47 -6 4 -0 8 -0 9 9 5 -44 -3 2 Caneroon 0 4 -6 3 -6 3 -9 2 -3 2 -1 7 -1 2 -1 7 -3 2 1 4 2 4 0 5 -5 2 -3 7 Cape Verde -7 9 -9 3 -14 0 -19 1 -17 2 -6 0 -3 4 -1 8 -18 9 -7 9 -7 2 -5 1 -9 4 Central African Republic -9 0 -8 2 -10 0 -5 1 -3 4 -2 3 -0 8 -1 9 -2 0 -0 2 -5 0 Chad -8 1 -8 6 -47 -44 -5 1 -3 9 -2 6 -5 9 -2 0 -1 0 -5 3 -48 Comoros -9 8 -2 0 -13 8 -6 2 -5 2 .2 1 -3 0 -0 4 -1 9 -3 6 0 0 -4 8 -47 Congo, Democratic Rep of . 4 2 -10 8 -6 2 -5 3 -5 7 4 2 4 7 Congo, Republic of -14 1 -12 6 -13 2 -8 2 -5 0 -9 1 -20 0 -5 9 1 2 -0 7 7 1 -7 9 -8 9 COtedIvoire -11 3 -11 9 -6 4 -3 9 -1 9 -1 3 -1 4 -1 9 -0 7 -0 4 -8 2 -5 5 Djibouti -11 7 -13 0 -8 4 -8 0 -3 9 .43 0 9 -2 2 -1 8 -5 8 Equatonal Guinea . -5 7 -6 3 -6 3 1 5 -5 7 0 1 9 1 12 1 -0 2 Enttrea -3 1 15 2 6 9 -12 9 -9 8 0 1 -300 -47 7 -28 6 -32 7 -14 3 Ethiopia -7 0 -5 9 -7 7 -3 9 -5 6 -2 4 -4 4 -9 3 -11 5 -SO0 -6 6 -5 7 -6 7 Gabon -5 2 -5 7 -1 6 3 2 2 7 2 5 -14 4 -1 4 0 6 2 2 -36 9 -7 1 .1 9 Gambia, The 1 3 1 3 .1 1 -6 3 -10 0 -6 5 -2 4 -3 5 -1 4 -6 3 -14 7 3 8 -2 8 Ghana -40 -3 1 -8 9 -6 4 -9 5 -9 4 -6 5 -7 2 -6 6 -3 8 -2 3 -2 7 -5 4 Guinea -3 1 -3 7 -3 6 -2 7 -3 0 -2 9 -0 7 -3 0 -5 2 -2 7 -5 5 -3 2 Guinea-Bissau 0 0 -21 7 -13 0 -8 4 -1 4 -12 2 -18 2 -16 3 -44 -10 8 -10 4 -8 3 -14 4 -11 7 Kenya -8 9 -2 5 -2 3 -01I 0 0 -0 6 -0 6 0 3 1 1 0 9 -1 3 -6 8 -41 .1 4 Lesotho 2 3 1 3 4 3 5 0 4 5 2 3 I18 -132 -5 5 -0 9 -5 4 -58 -0 4 Liberna Madagascar -6 9 -7 6 -8.7 -5 3 -8 1 -2 4 -5 8 -2 6 -2 6 -41 1 7 0 4 -47 Malavi -11 6 -11 1 -6 1 -17 4 -47 -3 7 -5 5 -6 6 -45 -49 -7 3 -8 3 -5 9 -6 6 Mali -14 9 -3 9 -41 -46 -3 1 -0 9 -2 1 -5 8 -3 9 -42 -6 6 -11 9 -5 4 .3 8 Maunitania -0 7 -7 4 -0 5 1 2 7 4 5 1 3 6 4 7 -1 6 -2 8 -9 7 -0 6 Maunitius -10 9 -2 6 -1 9 -2 4 -3 6 -7 2 -74 -3 9 -3 4 -3 8 -6 6 _1lOS -2 8 -3 9 Mozambique -2 1 .2 7 -3 6 -5.3 -3 2 -2 9 -2 6 -2 3 -1 5 -45 -49 -8 6 -8 1 -3 6 Nainibia -46 -4 9 .2 0 -3 3 -5 3 -3 3 -3 6 -3 4 -1 8 -44 -49 1 3 -3 2 Niger -47 -3 8 -6 7 -2 7 -0 2 -2 7 -42 -5 1 -2 0 -2 4 -49 -48 -3 8 Nigena 1 9 9 9 9 1 1 0 -9 3 -7 5 2 7 -1 2 0 8 Rwanda -8 1 -8 2 -11 5 -2 4 -5 8 -2 5 -3 0 -3 8 0 1 -II1 -47 SAo Tom6 and Prncipe -418 -33 6 -43 0 -37 6 -32 3 -26 7 -24 9 -23 2 -16 6 -13 7 -3 8 -28 0 Senegal -46 -1 8 -3 1 -1 9 -0 2 2 2 0 5 -0 3 2 2 0 3 -1 9 -6 8 .2 0 -0 4 Seychellcs -5 8 -11 4 3 5 1 5 -9 3 -9 0 -23 9 -12 4 -14 8 -9 2 -8 0 Sierra Leone -9 1 -7 4 -5 5 -9 2 -5 1 -7 0 -10 4 .9 5 -9 3 -9 8 -19 3 -8 9 Somalia South Africa -18 0 -7 4 -8 9 -6 2 -5 2 -5 4 -45 -2 6 -2 0 -2 0 -1 6 -6 5 -43 -4 4 Sudan -18 8 -10 1 -44 -1 9 -1 5 -0 5 -0 6 -0 8 -0 8 -1 0 -12 2 -12 1 -5 4 Swaziland -1 6 -45 -5 2 -1 7 -1 2 1 8 1 0 -1 2 -1 5 -3 1 -11I Tanzania 3 2 -1 4 1 6 -3 4 -1 9 1 8 0 2 0 4 -1 2 -0 7 -9 4 -3 7 0 3 Togo -42 -15 5 -11.5 -6 4 -4 5 08a -5 2 -3 4 -5 4 -2 1 -2 1 -3 8 -5 6 Uganda -7 3 -3 2 -3 8 -2 6 -1 9 -1 4 -0 5 -1 3 -8 7 -3 0 -2 1 -3 6 -3 5 Zambia -2 5 -5.6 -6 5 -43 -0 5 -0 2 -3 2 -2 4 -5 0 -7 2 -10 8 -44 Zimbabwe 7 6 -6 8 -6 1 -6 7 -10 1 -7 7 -7 6 -2 5 -9 6 -21 4 -11 3 8 0 -7 9 -8 5 NORTH AFRICA -2.4 -4.4 -2 6 -2.1 -0 6 -0 5 -2 2 -2 8 0.2 -0.3 -9 0 -2 3 Algeria -8 4 -1 2 -8 6 -44 -1 4 2 9 2 4 -3 9 -0 5 9 9 _64 -9 5 -9 2 0 6 Egypt, Arab Republic -3 1 -2 3 -0 9 -0 3 -0 7 -0 3 -0 5 -3 6 -3 3 -45 -14 1 -3 7 Libya Morocco -iog9 -2 3 -2 9 -3 8 -5 4 -3 5 -3 4 -2 7 -47 -6 2 -0 8 -0 8 -57 -3 1 Turusia 0 9 -3 0 -2 8 -2 1 -4 2 -4 9 -3 9 -2 5 -2 2 -2 9 -2 7 -1 7 -1 8 -3 4 ALL AFRICA ., -5 3 -6.2 -4,1 -2 9 -2.3 -2 3 -30o -3 1 -1.5 -1 3 -5.8 -6.0 -3.4 Noie 2001 data are preliminary Nigeria frmn 1992 accounts aie for consolidated budget, since 1994, rtisi are distorted as off excli rate used by the Gov for oil exporis oil value added is significantily over- valued Government Finance 187 7-2. Government deficit/surplus (excluding grants) Percentage of GDP Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA -&6 -8 6 -6,2 4 4 4'I 4,3 4.6 4, -3 6 -3 2 -5.7 -5,6 -5,3 excluding South Africa -9 4 -8.2 -63 -3.7 -3,0 4A -6 2 -6,6 -5 0 4 5 -7.1 -6,0 exci S Africa & Nigena -9 4 -8.2 -7,9 -6.4 -5 4 -5.0 -5 6 -6.4 -6 4 -5 2 -73 -7.1 -6,8 Angola -56 9 -21 7 -20 1 -37 5 -19 3 -24 4 -11 3 -35 7 -9 0 -7 5 -11 1 -24 3 Benin -11 4 -6 8 -7 0 -7 3 4 3 4 2 -1 0 -1 6 -3 5 4 1 -15 5 -6 3 Botswana 8 4 8 3 3 6 3 6 4 1 4 9 1 5 -3 3 6 7 6 6 7 8 13 2 5 2 Burkina Faso -9 1 -9 6 -11 2 -11 1 -9 2 -10 6 -10 1 -13 0 -12 5 -12 5 -10 4 Burundi 6 1 -11 3 -12 7 4 7 -5 8 -9 7 -7 1 -5 6 -9 2 4 1 -3 5 5 4 -6 0 -7 8 Cameroon 0 4 -6 3 -6 3 -9 4 -3 3 -1 7 -1 2 -2 0 -3 3 1 4 2 0 0 5 -5 2 -3 8 Cape Verde -25 5 -24 6 -29 2 -27 8 -22 2 -16 1 -19 5 -6 7 -24 6 -8 6 -45 0 -24 5 -19 1 Central Afncan Republic -14 7 -13 5 -15 0 -11 4 -5 0 -6 3 -8 6 -9 7 -9 3 -7 9 -10 5 Chad -13 0 -13 2 -i4 2 -11 9 -11 2 -10 3 -7 7 -10 5 -7 5 -6 4 -16 0 -10 9 Comoros -16 6 -11 3 -23 8 -17 9 -14 1 -11 I -10 7 -7 4 -6 0 -8 0 -19 1 -24 0 -13 3 Congo, Dcmocratic Rep of 4 2 -10 8 -6 2 -5 3 -5 7 4 2 4 7 Congo, Republic of -14 1 -12 6 -14 3 -9 2 -5 3 -9 2 -20 3 -6 3 0 9 -0 9 6 2 -8 0 -9 3 COte d'lvoire -11 8 -12 4 -7 1 4 6 -2 6 -2 6 -2 7 -2 9 -1 7 -1 3 -8 2 -6 2 Djibouti -24 1 -21 8 -13 4 -10 0 -5 7 -8 1 -7 9 -9 6 -10 4 -12 3 Equatonal Guinea -9 9 -8 9 -7 2 0 8 -6 4 -0 2 8 9 11 9 -1 4 Entrea -11 9 -7 0 -13 3 -26 0 -21 3 -6 0 -39 9 -56 3 47 8 -51 9 -N 1- Ethiopia -9 6 -7 6 -11 1 -7 3 -8 5 -6 0 -7 2 -12 9 -14 8 -10 0 -8 7 -9 4 -9 8 Gabon -5 3 -6 0 -2 0 3 2 2 7 2 5 -14 4 -1 4 0 6 2 2 -37 3 -7 6 -2 1 Gwnbia, The -3 3 -2 4 4 2 -8 7 -12 2 -7 8 4 4 4 9 -3 6 -9 8 -14 7 -10 5 -6 0 Ghana -9 4 -9 8 -12 4 -10 0 -12 1 -11 7 -10 3 -9 8 -10 0 -9 5 -3 1 -5 1 -9 3 Guinea -7 1 -7 3 -7 1 -6 7 -6 2 -5 9 -3 6 -5 3 -7 5 -5 5 -8 5 -6 4 Guinea-Bissau 0 0 -37 4 -29 9 -23 1 -17 7 -21 2 -30 9 -19 5 -14 0 -24 9 -23 5 -10 1 -38 4 -25 0 Kenya -11 4 -5 1 -5 4 -2 9 -2 1 -1 9 -2 0 -1 I -0 1 -2 7 -5 1 -8 6 -6 1 -3 7 Lesotho -3 8 -0 I 0 7 0 3 -0 3 -1 6 4 5 -15 5 -7 5 -3 4 -8 9 -11 3 4 8 Libena Madagascar -10 3 -11 0 -11 7 -8 2 -12 3 -7 7 -9 3 -6 2 -6 2 -7 8 1 0 -1 0 -8 3 Malawi -15 9 -13 9 -8 8 -29 5 -12 7 -8 3 -9 0 -12 8 -11 0 -14 2 -14 1 -11 1 -9 8 -12 3 Mali -35 4 -11 0 -9 6 -14 6 -10 7 -8 1 -7 9 -11 7 -9 2 -10 4 -12 5 -38 2 -10 5 -10 5 Mauntarua -2 5 -9 6 -3 1 -0 8 5 2 4 3 2 2 2 1 -5 1 -7 6 -14 8 -2 9 Mauntius -10 9 -2 7 -2 1 -2 6 4 0 -7 5 -7 4 4 1 -3 5 4 0 -6 7 -10 8 -3 7 4 1 Mozambique -3 9 -16 5 -15 5 -19 2 -13 0 -9 9 -11 9 -10 5 -13 2 -16 1 -17 8 -10 4 -13 4 -14 5 Namibia -5 5 -5 6 -2 4 -3 6 -5 6 -3 6 -3 8 -3 7 -2 1 -5 1 -16 8 -7 6 -3 8 Niger -8 6 -9 4 -12 5 -7 4 -5 1 -7 3 -8 6 -9 0 -6 8 -7 0 -8 3 -9 4 -8 6 Nigcna 1 9 9 9 9 1 1 0 -9 3 -7 5 2 7 -1 2 0 8 Rwanda -14 2 -14 6 -12 4 -13 7 -13 2 -9 2 -8 3 -9 7 -9 0 -9 5 -11 3 SAo Tom& and Pnncipe -50 8 -50 3 -60 5 -60 9 -55 8 -54 5 -34 6 -50 1 44 5 -53 6 -19 1 -50 9 Senegal -5 3 -3 1 -4 2 -6 1 -3 5 4 4 -2 0 -3 3 0 1 -1 8 -3 9 -7 7 -3 4 -3 0 Seychelles -7 1 -13 0 2 7 1 0 -9 8 -9 6 -24 3 -13 0 -15 8 -10 8 -9 0 SterTa Leone -9 1 -7 4 -5 5 -9 2 -6 8 -7 5 -12 8 -14 9 -17 3 -16 2 -20 0 -11 0 Somalia South Afnca -2 5 -7 8 -9 0 -6 2 -5 2 -5 4 4 5 -2 7 -2 1 -2 0 -1 6 4 6 4 4 -4 5 Sudan -18 8 -10 1 4 4 -1 9 -1 5 -0 5 -0 6 -0 8 -0 8 -1 0 -12 2 -12 1 -5 4 Swaziland -3 0 -5 4 -5 9 -1 9 -1 5 1 6 0 5 -1 7 -2 5 -4 5 -1 8 Tanzania 0 8 4 8 -1 7 -5 2 -3 9 -1 4 -2 6 -3 4 -5 4 4 2 -12 2 -6 7 -2 7 Togo -6 0 -15 8 -12 9 -7 7 -5 1 -0 6 -6 5 -5 1 -5 9 -2 6 -5 6 -6 9 -6 9 Uganda -14 4 -11 3 -10 3 -6 9 -5 9 -5 8 -5 8 -6 3 -14 5 -10 6 -2 7 4 7 -8 8 Zambia -12 6 -13 6 -11 8 -9 5 -6 6 -5 3 -9 8 -10 3 -10 7 -13 0 -12 0 -11 0 Zimbabwe 6 9 -8 4 -8 1 -8 6 -11 9 -9 0 -8 6 -4 2 -10 6 -22 5 -11 6 7 0 -9 0 -9 8 NORTH AFRICA -3.3 4,9 -3 2 -2 5 -0 9 -0 8 -2.4 -3 0 0.0 -0.5 -9 8 -2 8 Algena -8 4 -1 2 -8 6 4 4 -1 4 2 9 2 4 -3 9 -0 6 9 9 6 0 -9 5 -9 2 0 5 Egypt, Arab Republic -5 5 -3 5 -2 1 -1 2 -1 3 -0 9 -1 0 -4 2 -3 6 -4 6 -16 0 4 9 Libya Morocco -11 3 -2 3 -3 3 4 0 -5 4 -3 5 -3 4 -2 7 4 7 -6 2 -0 8 -2.6 -6 2 -3 6 Tunisia 0 9 -3 0 -2 8 -2 5 -4 5 -5 1 4 2 -2 8 -2 6 -3 3 -3 0 -1 7 -1 8 -3 6 ALL AFRICA - -6 6 -7 3 -2 -3 7 -3.0 -1. 1 -3 8 4,0 -2 4 -2 3 -6.4 -6.8 4- Note 2001 data ue preliminary Nigeria from 1992 accounts are for consolidated budget, since 1994, ratios are distorted as off mch mte wed by the Gov for oil exports oil value added is significantly over. valued 188 Government Finance 7-3. Governmient primary deficit/surplus (-1+) Percentage of GDP Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 200) 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA -... . . excluding South Africa .. -1 7 -0 9 4.7 2.8 2.7 1.2 -0 8 -0.3 1 4 1 6 . . 0.7 exci S.Afria &Nigeria . -1 7 -0 9 4.1 0.5 0.8 0.7 0 3 -0.5 -0.2 0 6 . -1.6 0.1 Angola -48 7 -12 2 219 0 -26 6 -45 -16 5 -1 0 -7 3 -II1 4 8 -8 6 5 7 Bernm -3 6 -0 2 -1 2 -1 8 2 1 2 0 3 1 2 8 -0 9 -0 7 -2 7 -0 7 Botswana 9 3 9 5 5 0 4 1 4 4 5 4 2 1 -2 7 7 0 6 7 5 9 Burkma Faso -1 5 -3 0 -1 9 -2 4 0 3 -2 4 -2 3 -3 1 -3 3 -3 4 -2 4 Burninc 101I -0 8 -2 2 -0 7 -0 4 -5 6 -2 1 -2 3 -3 2 2 2 1 7 10 1 -1 7 -11I Camseroon 0 7 -1 2 -1 5 -2 2 3 2 5 0 4 9 4 0 1 9 5 7 6 3 1 6 -3 9 1 4 Cape Verde -45 -2 9 -13 0 -15 9 -13 6 -2 1 0 2 -0 5 -16 3 -5 3 -7 2 -42 -6 3 Central Aftscan Republic -7 0 -6 1 -7 6 -2 8 -1 5 -0 9 0 5 -0 5 -01I 1 2 -3 2 Chad -7 4 -7 4 -3 5 -3 4 -40 -2 9 -1 8 -5 0 -1 0 -0 2 -5 1 -3 9 Comoros -8 9 -1 1 -12 6 -5 2 -4 3 -11I -1 9 0 6 -1 5 -2 2 -22 0 -7 3 -3 7 Congo, Democratc Rep of -1 2 -6 1 .2 4 -3 1 -1 8 1 8 . -2 1 Congo, Republic of -6 2 -5 2 -1 1 5 9 7 0 3 0 -5 4 5 7 8 1 6 8 7 1 -3 2 1 5 C6te dIvoire .0 9 -3 2 1 5 3 0 3 3 3 1 2 4 2 0 3 4 3 0 -01 11 Djibauti -11 1 -12 5 -8 1 -7 4 -3 2 -3 8 1 3 -1 8 -1 0 -5 3 Equatorial Guinea 1 4 -0 4 -2 4 2 9 -41 1 4 9 3 12 3 2 6 Enitrea -3 1 -7 0 -13 7 -25 3 -9 0 1 2 -28 8 -458 -25 7 -29 3 -18 7 Ethiopia -5 5 -3 9 -43 -1 4 -3 2 -0 2 -2 5 -7 3 -9 3 -2 9 -5 7 -42 -47 Gabon I11 1 3 5 1 11 3 8 6 8 3 -7 1 5 8 6 1 7 2 -34 5 -2 4 4 4 Gambia, The 4 7 5 1 2 6 -2 5 -5 6 -1 3 2 9 1 5 3 2 -1 5 8 0 1 5 Ghana -1 8 0 4 -44 -2 1 -44 -3 1 -1 4 -1 6 0 8 4 1 -11I -1 2 -0 9 Guinea -IS5 -2 4 -2.0 -1 3 -1 7 -1 2 0.7 -1 5 -3 5 -1 2 -2 8 -1 6 Gmnea-Bissau 0 0 -17 0 -7 2 -3 0 5 2 -5 6 -12 7 -9 5 2 0 -5 0 -2 1 -3 2 -10 6 -5 8 Kenya -3 7 5 1 8 8 8 3 7 3 6 2 489 5 2 3 6 1 4 0 7 -2 2 1 3 4 8 L.esotho 5 0 3 7 6 2 6 7 6 1 4 1 0 6 -101I -1 6 2 3 -7 3 2 5 Libenia Madagascar -3 5 -3 5 -3 3 -0 2 -3 4 0 6 -3 1 -0 5 -0 3 -2 1 3 2 2 1 -1 5 Malawi -8 3 -7 9 -3 0 -12 4 1 7 1 6 -2 1 -2 7 -11I -0 4 -2 1 -5 2 0 4 -2 4 Mali -lOS5 -2 2 -2 5 -2 1 -1 7 0 2 -1 1 -2 8 -2 9 -3 2 -5 6 -7 7 -3 7 -2 2 Maunitarua 2 3 -3 3 2 4 4 4 10 6 8 0 7 1 8 3 1 4 0 2 -6 5 2 6 Mauntius 1 2 0 9 0 3 -0 6 -4 1 -3 9 -01I 0 1 -0 4 -2 5 -4 6 2 1 -0 3 Mozambique -2 1 -0 4 -1 1 -42 -1 6 -1 4 -1 3 -1 3 -0 8 -43 -42 -8 5 -7 1 -2 2 Namibia -43 -4.3 -1 1 -2 2 -3 8 -1 4 -1 2 -0 9 0 3 -2 0 -2 2 4 0 -1 8 Niger -3 1 -2 1 -44 -0 4 1 4 -1 2 -2 6 -3 6 -0 3 -0 6 -2 8 -2 1 -1 9 Nigeria 7 5 13 6 11 4 3 5 -6 3 0 8 10 1 6 1 5 8 Rwanda -6 2 -6 1 -7 0 0 0 -4 1 -1 2 -2 0 -3 0 1 0 -0 3 -3 0 Sao Tom6 and Principe -30 8 -22 2 -32 0 -25 5 -22 3 -15 4 -12 5 -11 9 -10 0 -5 8 2 5 -17 6 Senegal -2 5 0 2 -0 8 1 6 2 7 4 6 2 8 1 0 3 6 1 7 -1 1 -43 1 2 1.7 Seychelles 2 0 -3 5 11 9 11 2 -01I 0 3 -13 7 -3 0 -6 8 -0 8 0 7 Sierra Leonte -3 3 -3 4 -3 0 -7 3 -3 0 -49 -5 6 -3 7 -3 0 -49 -12 8 -44 Somalia South Africa Sudan 0 1 0 0 0 5 0 2 Swaziland -0 8 -3 8 -46 -1 1 -0.5 2 5 1 6 -0 4 -0 8 -2 4 -0 4 Tanzania 2 6 -2 5 0 5 -0 4 1 1 4 2 2 3 1 9 0 5 0 9 -7 0 -1 2 1 2 Togo -1 3 -11 2 -6 0 -2 8 -1 8 3 1 -2 6 -0 9 -3 2 -0 1 4 0 1 0 -2 5 Uganda -40 -1 4 -2 3 -1 6 -0 9 -0 4 0 5 -0 4 -7 6 -1 7 -0 1 -2 7 -2 2 Zambia 6 1 6 7 5 2 3 8 4 2 3 9 0 1 0 5 -1 9 -47 -1 3 2 1 Zimbabwe -2 2 -11I 0 1 0 0 -0 7 0 7 -0 4 7 4 0 7 -42 -1 2 -3 2 -3 2 -01I NOR~TH AFRICA 2 4 1 1 3 4 3.3 4 7 4.5 2.5 4.8 4.4 -3 6 2 7 Algeria 1 0 -6 3 -1 6 1 7 6 4 6 3 0.1 . 14 0 10 6 0 0 3i7 Egypt, Arab Republic 3 7 6 1 8 6 6 9 6 2 5 7 4 8 1 8 2 0 0 9 -22 6 -14 3 2 7 Libya Morocco -8 5 3 3 3 0 1 9 0 6 1 9 2 1 2 4 0 8 -1 0 4 0 2 3 0 4 2 4 Tunisia 2 5 0 2 0 7 1.6 -0 2 -0 6 -0 4 0.6 1.1 0 4 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 ALL AFRCA .. ... Note 2001 daia are preliminary Nigena from 1992 accounts are for consolidaied budget, since 1994, raiios are distoried as off exch rate used by ihe Gloy for oil exports oil value added is significanily over- valued Government Finance 189 7-4. Government expenditure and lending minus repayments Percentage of GDP Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 200) 7S-84 85-89 90-MRfl SUB-SAHIARAN AFRICA .. 29.9 31.6 292 28.0 27 0 27.6 25 6 26.7 2731 27 4 26.9 285 28.0 excluding South Africa .. 28.5 21.4 24.9 23.5 21.,6 23 3 246 2? 1 28 5 28 4 27.6 25,8 excl S.Afriea&'Nigedai.. 28.5 27.4 26.5 25.6 23.7 24.1 24 4 24.9 25 6 24 1 25.1 27.6 25.6 Angola 92 5 60 7 62 1 67 6 64 1 64 7 42.8 82 6 60 7 48 6 43 4 61 6 Benin 20 8 17 8 19 8 22 1 19 5 18 6 16 3 17 6 20 1 20 3 20 0 19 3 Botswana 39 7 39 2 37 5 32 8 33 9 33 9 37 5 40 0 38 7 39 1 35 8 34 9 37 0 BurkmnaFaso 20 9 21 6 22 8 22 7 21 8 24 2 24 6 28 2 25 9 25 0 23 2 Burundi 11 9 28 5 30 1 24 7 25 9 27 4 22 2 23 6 28 7 25 0 25 1 12 6 23 9 26 1 Camneroon 16 0 22 1 20 0 19 3 16 2 16 0 16 3 17 9 18 5 17 4 18 6 10 6 23 9 18 9 Cape Verde 44 2 48 0 52 6 51 7 42 9 40 4 41 9 33 0 45 0 28 5 67 4 42 2 40 5 Central Affcan Republic 23 6 21 2 22 4 20 6 11 0 14 0 17 7 17 9 18 9 18 7 19 7 19 3 Chad 19 3 20 2 19 1 18 1 18 5 18 1 15 3 18 6 20 3 18 7 21 8 18 6 Comoros 31 6 25 1 38 3 31 1 26 5 24 9 22 1 19 2 16 1 21 9 36 8 36 9 26 6 Congo, Democratic Rep of 9 6 20 2 12 2 10 1 10.2 1 7 10 7 Congo, Republic of 36 6 36 7 36 7 32 8 32 8 37 7 42 9 32 8 25 5 32 0 28 4 33 9 35 0 C6te d'Ivotre 31 9 30 0 27 0 26 7 22 4 22 0 21 1 19 4 18 1 18 1 35 9 25 2 Djibouti 51 0 50 1 43 0 38 7 34 7 35 4 33 3 33 1 32 7 39 1 Equatonial Guinea 47 6 55 9 27 1 24 6 24 9 16 6 30 0 16 0 8 6 5 0 38 0 30 6 Enitrea 35 6 68.2 65.2 77 5 66 0 55 5 81 9 97 9 100 8 96 7 74 5 Ediiopia 20 2 19 6 25 0 24 7 26 9 24 2 25 3 30 8 33 1 29 6 26 1 29 5 26 1 Gabon 28 3 28 6 25 5 26 3 23 0 28 8 46 2 27 0 21 5 23 0 36 9 37 6 27 4 Gambia, The 26 4 25 4 25 1 27 2 31 1 26 9 23 2 22 7 22 1 26 0 35 9 31 8 25 7 Ghana 18 7 24 6 29 0 3 12 30 4 29 7 29 0 28 6 26 2 27 7 26 2 13 1 18 3 26 7 Guinea 19 3 18 5 17 3 17 7 16 5 17 4 14 8 16 1 13 7 14 2 22 6 17 1 Guinea-Bissau 0 0 48 1 40 3 35 5 30 4 33 7 46 3 25 0 31 3 44 1 43 0 10 8 52 0 38 9 Kenya 34 3 30 0 35 3 31 1 30 7 29 3 27 2 26 2 24 5 26 0 26 9 27 2 28 5 29 3 Lesotho 44 9 45 0 46 3 47 6 48 4 48 1 49 1 56 4 48 4 43 5 37 6 44 7 48 2 Libena Madagascar 21 3 21 9 20 4 16 9 21 7 17 4 19 9 17 8 18 1 18 1 13 4 14 6 18 8 Malawi 35 7 34 6 26 0 49 0 31 0 23 3 24 2 29 5 29 1 31 6 31 9 29 2 32 3 30 2 Mali 108 2 24 4 23 4 27 2 23 5 23 5 23 9 27 3 26 4 26 8 31 3 106 8 25 6 26 0 Mauntania 24 8 36 8 27 7 24 8 24 0 22 7 25 0 25 8 29 1 25 9 39 5 27 8 Mauntius 32 9 25 1 23 1 23 5 23 3 24 6 27 0 23 6 24 0 24 6 24 8 32 5 26 0 24 5 Mozambique 17 4 30 3 29 5 30 9 24 4 20 5 23 5 21 8 25 1 28 8 30 7 26 5 24 5 26_7 Namibia 39 4 36 7 32 4 34 4 35 3 35 5 35 8 37 2 35 6 37 5 38 4 35 8 35 3 Niger 16 8 16 7 18 6 14 7 12 9 15 7 17 8 17 8 16 1 16 6 19 2 20 1 16 9 Nigeria 16 6 12 7 10 6 19 0 25 5 38 2 43 9 50 5 27 1 Rwanda 24 4 23 7 16 0 20 5 22 5 19 6 18 9 19 6 18 7 20 9 20 6 Sgo Tome and Prncipe 71 1 68 3 73 8 77 5 69 3 70 1 59 6 69 5 66 0 76 2 43 6 69 0 Senegal 27 4 21 5 20 8 21 0 19 9 20 9 18 9 20 1 17 2 19 9 21 7 26 8 20 6 20 2 Seychelles 51 6 64 9 51 0 46 7 52 4 52 9 69 6 59 2 58 0 53 0 54 9 SieiTa Leone 21 7 21 3 17 3 18 0 16 9 13 0 20 1 22 0 28 7 30 1 29 0 21 5 Somalia South Africa 24 1 31 1 35 5 34 0 33 0 33 3 32 6 26 8 26 3 25 8 26 2 26 4 29 3 30 3 Sudan 27 6 18 4 13 2 10 6 7 6 7 2 7 4 8 7 12 1 12 4 23 1 20 8 13 6 Swaziland 32 7 32 3 32 9 29 7 30 1 27 7 28 7 30 9 30 1 31 6 30 3 Tantzania 14 2 17 7 15 6 16 2 15 8 13 6 13 7 14 1 16 1 15 5 30 9 20 5 15 1 Togo 40 5 22 2 26 7 25 1 22 6 20 0 18 0 22 7 19 5 19 2 16 3 34 9 32 4 22 2 Uganda 21 2 18 6 18 6 16 7 16 2 16 8 16 4 18 0 25 8 21 4 13 7 11 0 18 1 Zambia 38 1 31 0 29 4 31 9 29 4 27 3 25 2 28 6 28 0 30 1 32 1 35 1 32 1 30 0 Zimbabwe 4 2 36 1 34 8 33 1 38 6 34 5 37 4 35 7 39 5 49 9 34 9 11 4 35 6 36 8 NORTH AFRICA 32 7 33.1 31 9 30 3 29 2 29 1 28 9 30 1 294 31 3 35 7 30 9 Algena 46 2 31 4 36.1 33 5 31 6 29 2 31 2 31 7 30 5 29 4 35 4 47 8 39 7 31 3 Egypt, Arab Republic 36 6 33 2 32 2 28 6 27 8 26 1 25 3 28 4 27 2 27 8 41 3 31 0 Libya Morocco 32 2 28 5 29 8 28 2 29 3 28 1 29 8 30 0 31 9 32 4 31 4 24 6 27 3 29 4 Tunisia 27 9 30 2 30 7 33 8 34 5 35 5 32 6 32 0 31 5 31 9 32 0 32 3 31 3 32 3 AILLAFRICA 30 9 32 1 30 1 28.8 27.7 2831 26 8 27 9 28 0 28 7 30,1 31.1 290o Noie 2001 data are preliminaiy Nigeria from 1992 accounts are for consolidated budget, since 1994, ratios are diiior-ted as off exch rate used by the Gov for oil exports oil value added is sigaificaritly over. valued 190 Government Finance 7-5. Government interest payments Percentage of GDP Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 200) 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA .. * .. .. - "eldingSouth Afiic.a 5 2 5 3 8.9 4.4 3.8 3.5 3 5 4.2 4 3 3 9 3.4 4.4 4.8 excl S.Afiica &Nigeria . 4 2 4 6 9,6 4.6 4!1 3.7 3 5 3.4 3 7 32 3.2 3.5 4.4 Angola 8 2 9 4 239 1 10 9 11 6 5 6 6 9 9 1 5 6 4 7 2 5 26_9 Benin 3 7 2 7 3 2 2 8 2 4 1 7 1 0 0 9 0 9 0 9 2 0 2 1 Botswana 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Burkina Faso 1 4 1 5 1 6 1.5 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 1 0 1 0 0 7 1 2 1 2 Bunindi 0 2 1 8 1 5 1 5 1 8 1 8 2 0 2 4 3 2 3 1 2 6 0 7 2 0 2 1 Caneroon 0 3 5 2 4 8 7 0 6 4 6 7 6 1 5 7 5 1 4 4 3 9 0 6 1.3 5 1 Cape Verde I11 1 2 1 0 3 2 3 6 3 9 3 6 1 3 2 7 2 6 0 0 1 1 2 2 Central Aflican Republic 1 9 2 1 2 4 2 3 1 9 1 3 1 3 1 4 1 9 1 4 1 4 1 7 Chad 0 7 1 2 1 2 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 8 0 9 1 0 0 8 0 2 0 9 Comoros 0 9 0 9 1 2 0 9 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 Congo, Democratic Rep of 3 0 4 7 3 8 2 3 1.8 1 3 2 8 Congo, Repubhscof 7 9 7 4 12 1 14 1 12 0 12 1 14 6 11 6 6 9 7 5 0 0 4 8 10 4 C8tedITvoire 0 0 10 4 8 7 7 9 6 9 5 2 4 4 3 8 3 9 4 1 3 4 1 6 8 1 6 6 Djibouti 0 6 0 4 0 3 0 6 0 7 0 5 0 3 0 3 0 7 0 5 Equatonal Gumea 8 0 7 6 7 1 5 9 3 9 1 4 1 7 1 4 0 3 0 2 5 8 4 2 Entrea . 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 5 0 9 1 1 1 3 2 0 2 9 3 4 1 2 Ethiopia 1 5 2 0 3 4 2 5 2 4 2 2 1 9 2 0 2 2 2 1 0 9 IS 2 1 Gabon 6 4 7 0 6 7 8 1 5 9 5 8 7 3 7 2 5.5 5 0 2 4 4 8 6 4 Gambia,The 3 4 3 8 3 7 3 8 4 4 S1 5 3 5 0 4 6 4 8 4 2 4 3 Ghana 2 2 3 5 4 4 4 2 5 1 6 3 5 1 5 6 7 5 7 9 1 3 1 5 4 6 Guinea 1 6 1 3 1 6 1 4 1 3 1 6 1.4 1 6 1 7 1 5 2 7 1 7 Guinea-Bissau 0 0 4 6 5 8 5 4 6 7 6 6 5 5 6 8 6 4 5 7 8 4 0 1 3 9 5 9 Kenya 3 5 8 4 14 3 11 2 8 1 7 0 5 9 5 5 4 4 3 5 3 2 3 7 5 1 7 5 Lesotho 2 7 2 4 1 9 1 7 1 6 1 8 2 4 3 0 3 9 3 2 4 8 2 9 Libenia Madagascar 3 4 4 0 5 4 5 1 4 7 3.0 2 7 2 1 2 3 2 0 1 0 18a 3 2 Malawi 3 2 3 2 3 1 5 1 6 4 5 3 3 4 3 8 3 4 4 4 5 2 4 2 6 0 4 2 Mall 4 4 1 8 1 6 2 4 1 4 1 1 1 0 0 8 1 0 1 0 0 9 5 9 1 7 1 4 Maurntania 3 0 4 1 2 9 3 2 3 2 3 0 3 5 3 6 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 1 Maunitius 3 8 2 8 2 7 3 0 3 2 3 4 3 7 3 5 3 4 4 1 5 8 4 9 3 5 Mozamibique 0 0 2 4 2 5 1 1 1 6 1 4 1.3 1 0 0 6 0 2 0.6 0 0 1 0 1 3 Namibia 0 3 0 6 0 9 1 1IS 1 9 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 7 1 4 Niger 1 6 1 7 2 3 2 3 1 7 1 5 1 6 1 6 1 7 1 8 2 1 2 7 1 8 Nigena 1 4 9 8 8 2 5 6 3 7 2 3 2 4 3 1 8 3 7 5 7 3 1 7 8 0 6 6 Rwanda 0 2 1 9 2 1 4 5 2 3 1 6 1.2 0 9 0 8 0 9 0 8 0 4 1 0 1 7 Slo Tomd and Pnmcipe 11 0 11 5 11 0 12 0 10 0 11 3 12 4 11 3 6 6 7 9 6 3 10 4 Senegal 2 0 2 0 2 3 3 5 2 9 2 3 2 3 1 3 1 5 1 5 0 8 2 5 3 2 2 1 Seychelles 1 8 7 9 8 0 8 4 9 7 9 2 9 4 10 2 9 4 8 0 8 4 1 9 6 6 8 7 Siefra Leone 2 0 5 8 4 0 2 4 1 9 2 1 2 1 4 8 5 8 6 3 4 9 2 3 6 4 4 5 Somalia South Africa Sudan 0 7 0 9 1 3 0 9 Swaziland 0.8 0 6 0 6 0.6 0 7 0 6 0 6 0 8 0.7 0 7 0 7 Tanzania 1 7 2 3 2 2 3 0 3 0 2 4 2 1 1 5 1 7 1 6 2 4 2 4 2 1 Togo 3 0 4 3 5 5 3 5 2 8 2 3 2 6 2 5 2 2 1 9 7 2 4 8 3 1 Uganda 3 3 1 8 1 4 1 0 1 0 0 9 1 0 0 9 1 1 1 2 2 0 0 9 1 3 Zainbia 4 1 8 5 12 3 11 6 8 1 4 8 4 1 3 4 2 8 3 0 2 5 4 2 9 5 6 5 Zimbabwe 1 2 5 7 6 2 6 7 9 4 8 5 7 1 9 9 10 3 17 2 10 2 2 6 4 8 8 4 NORTH AFRICA 4.8 5.6 6 0 5 4 5 3 5 0 4.6 4.7 4.6 . 3 6 4 9 Algeria 2.2 2.3 2 8 3 1 3 5 4 0 4 0 . 4 0 4.2 1 7 3.0 Egypt, Arab Repubhc 6 8 8 5 9 4 7 3 7 0 6 0 5 3 5 4 5 3 5 4 0 0 3 0 6 4 Libya Morocco 2 4 5 6 5 9 5 7 6.0 5 4 5 4 5 2 5 5 5 3 4 8 4 1 6 1 5 5 Tunisia 1 6 3 2 3 5 3 7 4 0 4 3 3 4 3 1 3 4 3 3 2 9 1 8 2 8 3 4 ALL AFRCA . . . ... Note 2001 data are preliminary Nigeria from 1992 accounts are for consolidated budget, since 1994, ratioi re distorted as off each rate used by ihe Goy for oil exports oil value added is signof'icanily over- valued Government Finance 191 7-6. Government revenue (excluding grants) Percentage of GDP Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 8S-89 90-MR SUB-SAH-ARAN'4AFRICA . 22 5 23 2 22.9 23.6 22.9 233 21 0 22.2 23 7 24.2 21 .0 21.9 22.8 excluding South Africa .. 21.7 20.2 18.6 19.8 18.6 19 2 18 4 20.5 23 6 23.9 18.6 19.1 20.1 excl. SAfriia & Ngeraa. 19 0 19 1 18.6 19 2 18.4 19.0 18 8 18.5 19 2 1s89 18.6 20.2 I8.8 Angola 35 6 39 1 42 1 30 1 44 8 40 3 31 6 46 8 51 7 41 1 32 3 37 3 Benin 9 5 11 0 12 8 14 8 15 2 14 5 15 3 16 0 16 6 16 2 14 2 4 5 13 0 Botswansa 48 1 47 5 41 2 36 4 38 0 38 8 39 0 36 7 45 4 45 7 43 5 48 0 42 2 Burkina Faso 11 7 12 0 11 6 11 6 12 6 13 6 14 5 15 2 13 3 12 5 9 7 10 6 12 9 Bunundi 18 1 17 2 17 4 20 1 20 1 17 7 15 1 18 0 19 5 20 9 21 6 18 0 17 9 18 3 Casneroon 16 3 15 7 13 7 9 9 12 9 14 3 15 1 15 9 15 2 18 8 20 6 11 1 18 6 15 1 Cape Verde 18 7 23 5 23 4 23 9 20 7 24 3 22 4 26 4 20 5 19 9 22 4 16 4 21 4 Central African Republic . 8 9 7 7 7 5 9 2 6 1 7 7 9 1 9 2 9 7 10 8 8 8 Chad 6 3 7 0 4 9 6 2 7 3 7 8 7 6 8 1 12 8 12 3 3 6 5 4 7 8 Comoros 15 0 13 8 14 5 13 2 12 3 13 8 11 4 11 7 10 1 13 9 17 6 12 9 13 3 Congo, Democratic Rep of 5 4 9 4 6 0 4 8 4 5 5 9 6 0 Congo, Republic of 22 5 24 1 22 4 23 6 27 5 28 5 22 6 26 5 26 4 31 1 34 6 25 9 25 7 C6te dlvoire 20 1 1 76 199 22 1 198 19 4 184 164 16 4 168 300 27 7 19 0 Djibouti 26 9 28 4 29 5 28 7 28 9 27 3 25 3 23 5 22 3 26 8 Equatonial Guinea 17 3 15 7 17 7 17 4 23 6 15 8 17 6 16 9 17 7 Entrea 23 6 61 3 52 0 51 5 44 7 49 4 41 9 41 6 53 0 44 8 46 4 Ethiopia 10 6 12 0 13 9 17 4 18 4 18 2 18 1 17 9 18 3 19 6 17 4 20 0 16 3 Gabon 22 9 22 6 23 5 29 5 25 7 31 3 31 8 25 6 22 1 25 2 -0 3 30 0 25 4 Gambia,T'Me 23 2 23 0 20 9 18 5 18 8 19 1 18 8 17 8 18 5 16 2 21 2 21 3 19 8 Ghana 15 2 19 2 18 7 20 4 17 6 17 3 18 3 16 4 17 7 16 7 8 0 13 2 17 3 Guinea 12 2 11 2 10 2 11 0 10 3 11 5 11 2 10 8 6 1 8 7 14 4 IIII Guinea-Bissau 0 0 10 7 10 4 12 4 12 7 12 5 15 3 5 4 17 3 19 2 19 6 0 7 13 6 13 9 Kenya 22 9 24 9 29 9 28 1 28 6 27 5 25 2 25 1 24 4 23 4 21 8 18 7 22 4 25 6 Lcsotho 41 1 45 0 46 9 48 0 48 1 46 5 44 6 40 9 40 8 40 1 31 7 33 5 43 3 Libena Madagascar 11 0 10 8 8 8 8 8 9 4 9 7 10 7 11 6 11 9 10 3 14 4 13 6 lOS5 Malawi 19 8 20 7 17 1 19 5 18 3 15 1 15 2 16 8 18 1 17 4 17 8 18 1 22 4 17 9 Mali 72 8 13 3 13 8 12 7 12 9 15 4 16 0 15 6 17 2 16 5 18 8 68 6 15 1 15 5 Mauritania 22 4 27 2 24 7 24 0 29 2 27 0 27 1 27 9 24 0 18 4 24 7 24 9 Mauntius 22 0 22 5 21 0 20 8 19 3 17 1 19 6 19 5 20 5 20 7 18 1 21 8 22 3 20 4 Mozainbique 13 4 13 9 14 0 11 8 11 3 10 6 11 6 11 3 12 0 12 7 12 9 16 1 III1 12 3 Namnibia 0 0 33 9 31 1 30 0 30 8 29 7 31 9 32 0 33 5 33 5 32 4 13 0 28 3 31 5 Niger 8 2 7 3 6 0 7 2 7 8 8 4 9 1 8 8 9 3 9 6 11 0 10 7 8 4 Nigeria 35 1 25 5 18 5 22 6 19 7 20 0 16 2 30 7 46 6 49 4 13 6 27 0 Rwanda 10 1 9 1 3 6 6 8 9 3 10 4 10 6 9 9 9 7 11 4 9 0 10 5 9 3 S8o Tomsdand Prncipe 20 2 18 0 13 3 16 5 13 4 15 6 25 0 19 3 21 5 22 6 24 6 181I Senegal 22 1 18 4 16 6 14 9 16 4 16 6 16 9 16 8 17 3 18 1 17 8 19 1 17 2 17 2 Seychelles 44 5 51 9 53 7 47 7 42 6 43 4 45 2 46 2 42 3 42 2 40 2 47 0 46 0 Sierra Leone 12 6 13 9 11 8 8 9 10 1 5 4 7 3 7 1 11 4 14 0 9 0 10 5 Somalia South Africa 21 5 23 4 26 5 27 8 27 8 27 9 28 1 24 2 24 3 23 8 24 6 21 9 24 9 25 8 Sudan 8 8 8 3 8 8 8 7 6 1 6 6 6 8 7 9 11 3 11 4 10 9 8 7 8 2 Swaziland 29 7 26 8 27 0 27 7 28 6 29 3 29 2 29 2 27 6 27 1 28 5 Tanzania 15 1 12 9 13 9 11 0 11 9 12 2 1III 10 7 10 6 11 4 18 6 13 8 12 5 Togo 16 2 10 9 12 2 14 9 14 9 17 4 16 1 14 4 13 3 13 8 28 1 25 5 15 4 Uganda 6 8 7 3 8 3 9 8 10 2 11 0 10 7 11 7 11 3 10 8 III 6 3 9 4 Zambia 18 4 15 9 20 1 19 9 20 7 19 9 18 8 17 7 19 4 19 1 20 1 19 1 Zimbabwe 11 1 27 7 26 8 24 5 26 7 25 5 28 7 31 4 28 9 27 4 23 3 18 5 26 6 27 0 NORTH5IAFRICA 29 5 28 2 28 7 27 8 28 3 28 3 26.5 27 0 29.4 308& 25 8 28 1 Algeria 37 9 30 2 27 5 29 1 30 2 32 2 33 5 27 8 29 9 39 3 41 3 38 3 30 4 31 8 Egypt, Arab Republic 31 2 29 7 30 0 27 3 26 5 25 2 24 3 24 2 23 6 23 2 25 3 26 1 Libya Morocco 20 9 26 2 26 6 24 2 23 9 24 6 26 4 27 3 27 2 26 2 30 6 22 0 21 1 25 8 Tunisia 28 8 27 2 27 8 31 3 30 0 30 3 28 4 29 1 28 9 28 6 29 0 30 6 29 5 28 7 AL.LAFRICA .. 24 9 24 9 24 9 25 0 24 7 25.0 22 9 23.9 25 6 26 5 23,8 23.4 24.6 Noie 2001 dais are preliminary Nigeria from 1992 accounis are for consolidaied budgei, since 1994, ratios are distorted as off each raie used by the Gov far oil exporii oil value added as signifiranily over. valued 192 Government Finance 7-7. Grants to government Percentage of GDP Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHARAN AERICA -7.2 1 4 1.3 1.3 1.1 1,0 1.0 I 1 1.2 1.2 1.3 -0.5 1.0 1.2 excluding South Afnca 0.7 2 2 2.3 2,4 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.2 2 4 0.9 1.8 2 1 excl. SAffica &Nigena 0.9 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.2 2 4 2.6 2 6 2 9 11 2.1 2.5 Angola 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 2 4 3 3 19 4 2 3 7.6 .. 00 32 Benmn 0 0 4 1 3 9 2 6 2.7 3 9 4 5 3 1 3 5 1 7 2 6 1 1 5 0 3 5 Botswana 0 0 0 9 1 2 1 4 0 5 0 3 0 5 0 6 0 6 0 4 0 1 0 3 2 1 0 7 Burkma Faso 0 0 6 2 5 2 7 7 7 2 8 6 7 3 7 0 9 0 8 2 8 1 0 7 5 5 6 8 Burundi 3 7 8 6 9 1 2 4 3 6 2 2 3 1 0 9 2 8 3 3 2 6 2 0 1 6 4 6 Camneroon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.3 0 2 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 Cape Verde 0 0 17 5 15 3 15 2 8 7 5 0 10 1 16 1 4 9 5 6 0 7 3 8 19 3 9 7 Central Aftican Republic 4 4 5 7 5 3 4 9 6 3 1 5 4 0 7 8 6 8 7 3 7 8 1 6 5 1 5 5 Chad 0 0 4 9 4 6 9 5 7 5 6 2 6 4 5 1 4 6 5 5 5 4 0 8 9 8 6 0 Comoros 0 0 6 8 9 2 10 0 11 7 8 9 9 0 7 8 7 0 4 2 4 4 3 8 19 2 8 6 Congo, Democratic Rep of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Congo, Republic of 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 3 0 1 0 3 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 4 C6te dlvoire 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 7 0 7 0 7 1 3 1 3 1 0 1 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 8 Djibouti 12 4 8 8 5 0 2 0 1 8 3 8 8 8 7 4 8 6 0 0 5 3 Equatonial Gumea 17 1 19 3 4 2 2 6 0 9 0 7 0 7 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 0 4 6 8 7 Entrea 8.8 22 2 20 1 13 1 11.5 6 2 9 9 8 5 19 2 19 2 13 Ethiopia 2 6 1 7 3 5 3 3 2 9 3 6 2 8 3 6 3 3 5 1 2 1 3 7 3 1 Gabon 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 1 Gamibia, The 0 0 4 5 3 7 3 1 2 4 2 2 1 3 2 0 1 3 2 3 3 5 0 0 14 2 3 1 Ghana 0 1 5 4 6 8 3 5 3 6 2 6 2 3 3 8 2 6 3 4 5 7 0 1 2 3 3 9 Guinea 4 0 3 6 3 5 4 0 3 2 3 1 2 9 2 3 2 3 2 8 3 1 3 2 Guinea-Bissau 0 0 15 8 16 9 14 7 16 3 9 0 12 8 3 2 9 6 14 1 13 0 1 8 24 0 13 3 Kenya 2 5 2 6 3 1 2 8 2 1 1 3 1 4 1 4 1 2 3 6 3 8 1 1 2 0 2 3 Lesotho 0 0 6 1 1 3 3 6 4 7 4 8 3 9 2 7 2 3 2 0 2 5 1 0 5 5 4 5 Libena 0 0 0 0 0 0 Madagascar 0 0 3 5 3 5 3 0 2 9 4 2 5 3 3 5 3 6 3 6 3 7 0 2 1 3 3 6 Malavwi 4 3 2 8 2 8 12 1 8 0 4 5 3 5 6 2 6 5 9 3 6 8 2 2 3 9 5 7 Mall 20 5 7 1 5 5 10 0 7 5 7 2 5 8 5 9 5 3 6 2 5 9 26 3 5 1 6 7 Mauntania 0 0 1 7 2 2 2 6 2 0 2 2 0 8 1 4 2 6 3 5 4 7 00 5 1 2 4 Mauntius 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 4 0 3 0 1 02 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 8 0 2 Mozamnbique 1 8 13 7 11.9 13 8 9 8 7 0 9 3 8 1 11 7 11 6 12 9 1 9 5 4 10 9 Namibia 0 0 0 9 0 6 0 4 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 2 0 3 0 3 0 8 7 2 8 8 0 6 Niger 0 0 3 9 5 6 5 8 4 7 4 9 4 6 4 4 3 9 4 8 4 7 0 3 4 6 4 8 Nigena 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 Rwanda 0 0 6 2 64 0 9 11 3 7 4 6 8 5 3 6 0 9 0 8 4 1 6 3 5 6 6 Sgo Tomd and Prncipe 0 0 9 0 16 6 17 5 23 4 23 5 27 8 9 7 27 0 27 9 39 9 0 0 12 2 22 9 Senegal 0 7 1 3 1 4 2 3 3 6 6 2 6 3 0 2 1 2 1 1 9 0 5 1 4 2 6 Seychelles 0 0 1 3 1 6 0 8 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 7 0 9 1 5 1 6 2 2 1 0 SietTa Leone 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 6 2 4 5 4 8 0 6 4 0 4 0 8 2 0 Somalia 0 0 .0 0 0 0 0 0 South Africa -15 5 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2 0 0 1 0 1 Sudan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Swaziland 0 0 1 4 1 0 0 7 0 3 0 3 0 3 0.5 0 4 1 0 1 4 0 0 00 0 Tanzania 2 4 3 4 3 3 1 8 2 0 3 2 2 8 3 7 4 2 3 5 2 8 3 0 3 0 Togo 1 5 1 8 0 3 1 4 1 4 0 5 1 4 1 3 1 6 0 5 0 5 1 4 3 1 1 3 Uganda 0 0 7 1 8 1 6 5 4 4 4 1 4 4 5 3 5 0 5 8 7 6 0 1 1 1 5 3 Zambia 0 0 10 2 8 0 5 3 5 2 6 1 5 1 6 6 8 0 5 7 5 7 0 0 1 2 6 6 Zimbabwe 0 7 1 7 2 0 1 9 1 8 1 3 1 1 1 7 1 0 1 1 0 3 0 5 1 0 1 3 NORTH AFRICA 0 1 0.9 0.5 0 6 0 4 0 2 0 3 0 2 0 3 0.2 02 0 3 0 5 0 6 Algena 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 00 Egypt, Arab Republic 0 0 2 3 1 2 1 3 0 9 0 6 0 6 0 5 0 6 0 4 0 2 0 0 1 2 1 2 Libya 0 0 0 0 0 0 Morocco os5 0 0 0 3 0.2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 5 0 5 Tunisia 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 3 0 4 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 ALI,LAFRICA -4.4 1 2 1 0 1 0 0 9 0 8 0.7 0 8 0 9 0a 0 9 -0.2 0 8 1.0 Note 2001 data are preliminary Nigena from 1992 accouais are for roasolidated budget. since 1994, ratios are distorted as off exch rate used by the Gav for oil exports oil value added is significantly over- valued Government Finance 193 7-8. Foreign financing Percentage of GDP Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 10 01 0.8 2.0 0.9 1.3 0,9 0 3 0.2 0.4 16 1 1 14 1.0 excluding South Afiica .. 01 1.5 3.5 13 2.3 1.4 0 5 -OA 0.4 0 6 17 2.9 14 excl S.Afica & Nigena ,. 34 2 7 5.0 2.2 3.2 1.4 0.9 0.7 1.0 1 8 2 2 32 2.4 Angola 12 -87 73 170 -88 70 -128 21 -48 -49 06 00 Bemn 79 69 103 83 76 22 23 27 31 43 279 64 Botswana 00 00 00 -01 -01 04 03 -01 -03 -45 00 BurkmaFaso 94 96 105 131 112 97 -29 -41 -63 -1 7 30 1 1 50 Burundi 33 142 106 74 29 30 16 26 17 05 12 56 75 54 Cameroon 22 84 01 205 01 82 -40 90 33 13 19 16 30 47 CapeVerde 22 32 65 82 -01 73 115 48 37 Central Afncan Republic 0 4 0 8 0 3 2 3 0 6 -16 -1 6 -1 6 -1 9 -1 9 -1 7 10 1 9 -0 3 Chad 20 28 26 28 67 56 27 53 33 38 05 41 39 Comoros -24 23 48 41 35 27 18 15 -26 38 00 07 21 Congo, Democratic Rep of 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 Congo, Republic of 112 7 0 8 1 5 4 -14 1 75 4 110 -13 3 -12 2 -10 4 -4 2 5 7 6 9 7 1 Cote dlvoire 79 98 75 110 42 27 09 06 02 42 45 68 61 57 Djibouti 17 34 25 16 34 14 07 20 37 23 Equatonal Guinea 0 4 0 6 -8 5 -8 0 -0 4 4 7 -0 9 -0 6 -0 I -0 I -0 8 -2 1 Entrea 00 01 50 13 13 44 92 152 195 140 70 Ethiopia 14 27 60 37 37 18 17 35 17 40 26 31 29 Gabon -4 2 -5 1 -3 2 -5 7 -3 1 4.9 -6 2 -6 9 -2 7 -0 9 6 8 -4 0 Gambia,The 00 41 20 07 29 66 41 12 06 -08 -14 13 56 24 Ghana 09 35 62 45 43 37 46 31 58 92 29 07 27 47 Guinea 1 5 3 1 -0 3 1 7 1 2 4 1 1 8 2 4 1 6 3 5 4 7 2-0 Gumea-Bissau 00 188 140 99 33 90 208 78 -01 74 110 00 67 87 Kenya 03 13 12 -05 -05 -06 -1 I -12 -1 9 -04 04 02 10 00 Lesotho 58 61 41 53 77 73 20 -09 -30 -05 -05 09 40 Libena Madagascar 56 27 29 17 19 50 38 19 12 27 21 41 34 27 Malawi 40 49 44 129 18 49 34 90 31 43 34 48 35 50 Mali 152 43 34 78 74 61 34 38 38 39 62 205 81 52 Mauntansa 07 235 68 27 34 01 -32 -20 01 -16 00 68 24 Mauntius 5 7 -0 7 -0 6 -0 2 -0 6 3 2 0 2 -0 3 -1 I -0 5 -2 9 3 0 -0 4 -0 4 Mozambique 21 21 26 59 38 42 58 46 18 28 23 37 41 38 Namibia 03 06 04 07 08 04 04 01 03 02 00 00 03 Niger 15 -01 125 -06 41 35 43 54 42 36 Nigena 0 5 -151 -4 7 -3 7 -2 9 -2 1 14 -1 4 -5 9 -2 9 -5 0 0 6 1 9 -3 5 Rwanda -03 42 30 -14 22 25 21 63 32 22 52 09 34 30 Sgo Tome and Pnncipe 40 7 23 4 29 8 29 6 24 9 26 7 5 3 16 9 37 6 16 6 8 1 23 9 Senegal 27 08 06 92 36 04 17 15 08 01 17 40 32 20 Seychelles -15 09 -15 08 -14 07 -09 -13 36 13 66 32 02 SierraLeone 78 55 86 49 69 37 14 14 -12 61 420 50 -32 72 Somalia SouthAfnca -01 02 00 04 04 02 05 00 08 04 26 01 -01 05 Sudan 20 1 1 10 02 02 01 03 05 06 07 Swaziland -0 4 -0 6 -0 9 0 0 0 3 0 5 2 1 -0 2 0 7 1 9 0 3 Tanzania 1 7 17 21 08 -1 I -04 09 04 14 1 1 15 07 08 Togo 24 08 49 117 59 54 43 20 23 15 73 41 Uganda 52 52 55 45 34 32 28 33 35 34 04 13 42 Zambia 23 64 41 41 23 -10 -1 1 45 28 Zimbabwe 0 4 3 5 2 0 0 5 0 2 0 2 0 3 -2 6 -1 1 -2 5 1 8 1 9 0 3 NORTHAFRICA 0 2 01 19 2 0 0 8 0 1 -0 8 -14 -1 7 -0.4 14 1 0 03 Algena -01 1 3 1 7 8 3 7 6 41 2 3 -0 3 -2 3 -2 4 -1 3 -01 01 1 5 Egypt, Arab Republic -0 2 -1 0 -1 0 -1 I -1 2 -1 2 -1 0 -1 2 -1 2 -0 9 3 7 3 8 0 1 Libya Morocco 4.8 -1 3 -0 7 -1 8 -0 8 -1 5 -1 9 -1 7 -2 0 -1 8 -1 4 4 0 -4 0 -1 7 Tunisia 1 0 1 2 1 4 2.9 2 8 2 4 0 0 1 4 5 9 2 4 2 8 2 1 ALL AFRICA ,, 0.2 0 5 2.0 1 3 1.2 0.7 -0 1 -0 4 -0 3 0 9 1 1 13 08 Noie 2001 data are preliminary Nigeria from 1992 accounts are for consolidated budget, since 1994, ratios are distoried as off exch rate used by the Gov for oil expons oil value added is s,garficantly over. valued 194 Government Finance 7-9. Taxes on income and pirofits Percentage of total revenue Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-A4R SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA . 37 1 33 2 32.7 33.8 34,3 36.2 41.7 41.0 41.4 41.4 40.9 36,6 37.3 excluding South Africa .. 20 2 19 6 20 3 22.4 22.5 24.5 27 1 25.7 26 6 26.5 23.0 20.5 23.3 excl S.Africa & Nigeria .. 24 3 23 6 24.4 26.9 26.9 27 3 27 7 27.6 27 4 27 0 23.0 24. 26.3 Angola 65 5 66 4 72 9 91 7 93 3 90 6 84 0 92 5 93.4 89 3 47 6 79 2 Benin 28 4 29 6 30 9 28 5 26 9 23 5 23 6 21 1 20 7 22 5 26 3 34 1 25 9 Botswana 53 4 49 2 56 6 58 0 53 0 58 9 60 3 56 0 64 0 66 4 12 1 8 1 58 5 Burkina Faso 22 0 18 9 18 7 23 4 24 7 21 9 20 2 22 7 28 0 24 6 19 7 19 1 22 3 Bunundi 18 9 23 4 27 3 18 3 19 1 22 3 23 8 26 1 24 4 19 6 24 9 21 0 17 7 23 0 Cameroon 21 7 18 0 10 9 12 6 10 9 10 0 13.5 15 7 20 8 16.7 16 9 26 9 49 7 17 3 Cape Verde 20 4 22 2 25 1 24 4 29 4 24 8 25 7 24 6 29 5 31 8 29 5 23 6 25 0 Central Afincan Republic 22 7 23 0 24 4 20 6 24 3 19 4 14 0 19 9 21 2 21 1 21 5 Chad 27 6 23 5 28 7 38 9 37 6 32 7 30 5 32 2 18 7 20 7 7 6 18 1 28 0 Comoros III1 9 0 12 4 12 2 9 6 11 2 14 7 17 3 17 2 10 4 0 0 12 2 13 2 Congo, Democratic Rep of 17 2 25 0 29 9 17 5 12 6 20.4 Congo, Republic of 52 0 51 3 67 7 53 4 62 2 78 7 53 6 72 1 78 1 70 5 15 1 29 4 62 8 C6te dIlvoire 20 3 19 4 14 9 18 3 20 5 22 9 23 6 25 3 27 0 25 0 15 8 18 3 21 7 Djibouti 38 9 38 7 38 5 37 2 41 0 39 2 39 2 37 4 39 8 38 6 38 8 Equatorial Guinea 19 6 20 5 52 9 61 7 76 6 77 4 83 4 87 1 59 9 Enrieca 13 1 12 8 19 5 18 8 20 4 19 4 23 2 21 8 14 9 17 0 18 1 Ethiopia 30 1 23 1 24 0 22 2 25 2 25 3 23 1 23 2 24 9 26 9 28 6 28 9 25 7 Gabon 13 4 12 8 10 7 10 5 10 6 10 1 13 0 17 0 13 7 14 1 23 7 12 8 Gambia, The 14 8 16 2 17 7 19 4 19 9 21 1 22 3 23 0 22 5 25 3 14 2 13 8 19 0 Ghana 14 6 14 8 17 5 17 4 21 7 24 8 24 0 27 3 29 3 31 1 18 7 22 9 21 7 Guinea 6 8 6 9 8 8 9 1 10 9 9 7 9 7 11 2 17 7 15 5 1 6 9 4 Guinea-Bissau 6 8 7 2 6 7 7 9 7 8 8 3 15 2 3 8 3 5 6 3 21 9 9 7 7 2 Kenya 30 1 28 8 32 9 35 6 34 4 33 2 33 1 31 9 30 1 28 7 27 8 28 3 29 6 31 2 Lesotho 16 3 13 8 15 3 16 3 15 1 15 0 17 1 18 1 17 9 20 1 14 2 11 4 15 9 Libenia Madagascar 11 6 14 9 18 8 14 2 16 9 18 9 15 7 14 6 15 0 19 0 15.3 11 5 15 4 Malawi 83 8 49 2 32 9 32 3 31 7 40 3 38 0 40 7 40 0 41 5 42 1 83 4 70 2 41 1 Mali 15 2 14 3 13 1 15 2 18 4 18 5 18 0 21 2 14 5 12 4 20 0 17 4 12 7 16 0 Mauritania 26 5 24 8 24 5 25 3 17 3 19 2 18 5 18 3 19 8 25 1 27 0 22 9 Maurntius 19 2 20 2 19 3 17 7 20 3 22 7 19 9 19 2 18 4 17 5 19 4 25 4 15 7 19 7 Mozambique 12 4 15 6 14 3 17 3 16 6 18 2 19 0 18 1 14 0 13 5 15 6 15 5 21 4 16 5 Narrubia 26 8 31 1 29 0 27 4 28 8 34 1 33 6 32 3 31 9 35 4 18 1 32 9 30 9 Niger 33 8 33 7 30 0 30 5 25 4 21 1 21 8 24 0 20 0 23 0 22 0 25 9 26 3 Nigena 10 0 23 9 15 6 22 5 23 5 19 1 Rwanda 23 4 24 8 25 8 12 5 26 2 25 1 27 7 25 0 27 0 28 4 26 0 25 3 24 4 Sao Tom6 and Prncipe 6 7 8 9 10 7 14 1 21 1 29 3 16 4 18 5 20 9 25 0 9 8 16 1 Senegal 26 2 24 2 23 4 21 1 21 9 21 6 21 8 23 3 21 2 22 9 23 9 25 7 23 7 22 7 Seychelles 16 9 26 8 29 6 34 8 26 7 28 0 28 3 31 8 33 0 32 5 22 6 18 4 27 7 Sierra Leone 23 9 21 7 21 4 15 9 16 5 13 2 17 3 25 8 26 1 26 2 258 21 3 Somalia South Africa 58 2 56 0 48 3 46 6 46 5 48 0 49 8 58 8 58 7 58 5 58 9 57 8 53 8 53 2 Sudan 28 7 28 3 19 5 19 9 17 6 11 5 11 2 18 9 14 9 19 3 Swaziland 34 2 33 5 32 1 28 1 28 5 26 8 26 1 27 2 25 6 24 9 29 0 Tanzania 27 6 30 9 31 2 41 1 37 4 34 7 39 6 34 3 37 8 29 6 33 6 31 5 32 7 Togo 30 5 30 9 40 1 41 4 30 5 22 6 22 3 25 6 23 1 19 1 35 0 34 3 29 0 Uganda 12 7 14 5 14 6 14 7 13 2 14 0 15 6 17 9 18 0 20 7 6 7 7 8 14 7 Zambia 33 0 28 6 28 7 28 9 30 0 32 0 35 2 36 5 32 5 38 0 27 5 31 1 Zimbabwe 0 0 46 0 48 7 47 7 45 9 45 7 47 6 48 0 48 9 50 4 48 2 8 6 45 4 47 3 NORTHAF~RICA 18.6 19.1 19 8 19 7 20 2 2089 22 6 20 6 21.4 20 4 19 2 20 0 Algenia 11 0 8 9 10 9 9 9 8 9 8 2 8 8 11 4 7 6 5 2 4 7 12 0 19 8 8 9 Egypt, Arab Republic 23 0 23 8 22 9 21 8 22 5 22 6 22 5 21 2 24 6 25 4 18 0 22 7 Libya Morocco 22 8 26 6 23 2 22 5 24 0 25 5 25 8 30 5 28 6 28 9 23 3 22 7 22 7 25 9 Tunisia 16 1 15 1 17 2 31 0 33 3 35 1 38 1 38 9 38 7 40 5 40 4 15 6 14 2 29 8 ALL AFRICA . 30 7 28.3 28 2 28 9 29 5 30.9 35 2 340 34 5 34 2 34 0 31 2 31.3 Note 200t data are preliminary (see page 2) Total revenue doem aot include grants Nigeria's fiscal dais are for consolidated govemnment starting from 1992 Government Finance 195 7-10. Taxes on international trade and transactions Percentage of total revenue AnnzialAverage 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 10 0 10 5 113 12 9 13,0 13 9 13 9 13 5 12 2 12 4 7 4 10,2 12 2 excluding South Afnca 16 6 17 4 19,5 21 5 21,2 22 9 22 9 22.2 19 4 19.9 15 3 19 8 excl S,Africa & Nigena 20 0 20 9 23,5 25 9 253 25 1 24 6 24,7 22 0 22 2 13,5 18,6 22 9 Angola 13 9 6 5 4 6 4 9 4 3 4 8 7 0 2 8 2 7 4 8 3 0 4 9 Benin 52 8 50 8 39 6 40 6 40 9 45 5 43 3 45 5 47 6 47 4 52 7 80 6 48 8 Botswana 22 3 13 3 Burkina Faso 33 3 36 4 54 0 48 4 28 2 27 6 257 23 4 17 4 17 2 35 3 45 7 32 2 Burundi 30 5 21 8 21 0 26 6 25 4 1 55 17 5 25 8 21 7 22 3 21 8 22 5 28 3 22 0 Carneroon 18 0 16 6 18 3 19 5 19 3 17 0 17 1 16 5 12 9 11 4 17 7 16 3 Cape Verde 49 0 41 2 40 5 41 6 45 7 36 2 41 1 34 7 47 9 48 1 42 1 43 2 Central Afncan Republic 34 6 33 0 32 5 42 5 38 7 38 1 44 7 38 0 38 4 35 8 37 8 Chad 15 6 13 6 19 4 27 1 3 11 30 3 36 0 29 5 17 0 19 9 26 1 23 3 Comoros 32 2 36 6 36 0 32 3 35 2 43 1 33 2 31 7 57 8 58 8 48 4 39 8 Congo, Democratic Rep of Congo, Republic of 21 2 20 0 13 9 19 2 16 3 9 1 13 4 5 6 5 2 6 9 0 0 4 3 13 7 C6te d'lvoire 25 3 26 3 39 0 38 9 39 6 36 5 34 4 38 4 3 15 31 9 34 9 333 Djibouti 19 7 22 0 24 7 24 7 22 2 21 3 37 6 40 7 39 7 38 9 29 2 Equatonal Guinea 26 9 30 8 19 0 18 8 8 0 8 2 5 3 3 8 15 1 Entrea 25 5 13 9 12 3 12 5 14 5 12 9 12 1 1 10 8 5 12 2 135 Ethiopia 19 0 22 6 32 9 27 4 26 0 28 7 27 4 27 5 28 2 32 6 24 3 17 9 25 4 Gabon 19 4 21 1 16 0 17 6 19 6 17 7 19 6 25 6 20 1 20 8 19 8 Gatnbia, The 50 4 44 3 37 6 49 4 61 8 0 0 0 0 56 3 57 6 53 5 55 2 43 2 Ghana 17 7 16 3 28 2 22 7 27 3 25 8 27 5 23 3 20 5 21 3 39 1 24 1 Guinea 12 8 14 6 15 7 14 4 14 1 15 5 14 5 15 6 36 2 22 6 6 4 16 4 Guinea-Bissau 18 6 29 5 35 8 27 4 32 9 36 7 34 8 29 3 23 4 27 3 0 0 21 0 29 1 Kenya 0 0 9 5 12 7 14 8 14 9 15 1 15 8 16 0 15 8 14 5 13 5 0 0 0 0 12 3 Lesotho 53 3 57 9 58 6 54 8 50 4 51 6 48 8 50 3 44 8 49 5 57 9 57 2 52 3 Libena Madagascar 40 2 38 6 41 9 53 7 49 3 54 3 55 2 54 5 51 1 46 3 26 9 38 1 47 2 Malawi 0 0 32 8 15 5 19 9 25 3 22 9 21 9 16 1 14 1 12 9 10 7 0 0 11 7 21 6 Mali 51 6 42 9 45 3 44 4 46 1 45 8 48 7 53 6 49 7 48 6 44 4 46 8 27 2 44 7 Mauntania 34 1 33 7 32 4 22 5 16 5 12 0 10 9 9 6 9 8 12 9 33 0 21 3 Mauntius 52 0 43 8 45 6 41 8 38 8 38 8 33 9 33 7 28 2 29 7 28 2 46 2 53 5 38 5 Mozambique 18 5 25 5 25 5 21 8 24 0 19 9 17 6 17 6 16 9 17 4 15 4 11 7 12 6 20 6 Nwnibia Niger 35 4 41 3 41 5 43 2 46 7 47 7 50 9 46 8 49 3 48 6 36 9 34 7 44 2 Nigena 11 6 14 0 9 3 5 9 8 4 9 9 Rwanda 31 0 27 8 35 8 38 5 29 2 31 8 23 9 17 3 16 9 16 2 54 7 45 0 27 3 SAo Tom6 and Pnncipe 29 0 28 2 30 8 24 1 25 5 21 0 18 6 31 0 22 7 21 4 0 0 25 5 Senegal 27 6 31 5 31 1 33 7 30 7 27 3 24 3 16 0 15 0 26 4 Seychelles 54 2 37 7 30 5 26 2 232 25 1 24 3 218 24 3 25 5 0 0 0 0 32 9 Sierra Leone 37 3 39 2 38 1 45 7 47 2 39 3 52 9 47 7 48 1 45 4 46 8 43 2 Somalia South Afnca 3 6 2 7 2 9 3 0 3 2 3 6 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 7 3 7 4 8 4 8 3 5 Sudan 31 2 44 0 49 0 44 2 410 21 3 19 5 35 7 Swaziland Tanzania 18 7 14 2 15 7 27 6 27 0 30 5 29 2 317 28 5 39 1 17 4 19 9 25 1 Togo 34 8 35 3 40 8 37 4 40 7 37 4 42 6 419 42 5 44 2 35 2 34 4 39 7 Uganda 50 3 50 8 53 0 48 6 50 6 51 4 47 7 441 42 9 43 0 58 1 57 3 48 9 Zwnbia 32 9 33 3 30 8 27 4 29 7 28 2 25 2 25 5 30 6 33 0 29 8 30 4 Zimbabwe 14 0 9 7 13 2 12 3 NORTH AFRICA 12.3 12 4 13 1 13 12 7 11 6 12.0 12 2 10 1 9 8 13 1 12 1 Algena 4 8 8 6 9 4 11 0 12 2 10 2 7 9 9 7 8 5 5 5 7 5 6 0 6 2 8 7 Egypt, Arab Republic 10 6 10 7 11 6 12 6 13 0 12 6 13 1 15 1 11 8 12 0 14 9 12 3 Libya MOTOCCO 22 8 19 3 19 0 17 7 17 6 15 2 14 9 13 6 13 5 13 8 10 8 27 4 17 0 16 3 Tunisia 10 2 15 3 14 9 15 6 16 0 13 5 12 4 11 4 10 2 9 9 6 8 12 9 15 3 13 3 ALL AFRICA 10 8 11.2 12.2 13.2 12 9 13 1 13 2 13.1 11 5 11 5 8,5 10 8 12 2 Note 2001 data are preliminary (see page 2) Total revenue does not include grants Nigeria's fiscal data are for consolidated govemment starting from 1992 196 Government Finance 7-1t1. Indirect taxes Percentage of total revenuie Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 39 7 40.9 42.0 42 9 42*, 44.5 46 6 45.1 43 7 43 S 44,9 42.6 43.1 excluding South Africa .. 42 4 43 0 44.2 46.3 46.5 50.5 53 0 50.5 47 3 47.5 , 46.7 46.9 excl S.Aftica &Nigerta .. 5L0 517 53.2 55.7 $5S. 57.0 57 4 57,0 54 4 54 1 S7.0 56.7 54,8 Angola 32 7 31 9 25 5 7 3 6 2 8 6 14.7 6 9 6 2 10 3 19 5 17 3 Benin 74 8 72 0 55 6 54 3 56 0 63 8 63 1 64 4 67 2 65 5 67 4 94 7 66 9 Botswana 21 8 22 8 19 9 19 4 17 9 17 2 19 4 22 0 20 4 19 3 70 8 72 4 19 3 Burkina Faso 49 8 51 2 71 2 66 8 65 6 67 4 69 7 68 3 61 9 66 2 61 9 68 6 62 4 Burundi 53 8 60 1 59 6 64 4 63 3 50 4 60 7 61 6 64 9 68 1 58 1 50 3 58 7 61 4 Cameroon 61 6 46 5 52 7 59 5 61 0 58 9 79 1 76 4 72 9 77 8 78 6 40 4 39 9 63 4 Cape Vcrde 55 4 47 3 45 9 46 6 51 8 40 4 46 6 38 5 59 4 55 2 45 4 46 9 49 5 Central Afrncan Republic 69 4 70 4 66 4 75 1 74 8 74 8 75 2 68 1 68 9 65 9 70 9 Chad 53 6 54 0 67 5 49 7 49 7 55 0 54 9 49 7 34 3 33 5 71 0 71 5 52 7 Comoros 71 5 78 5 76 3 74 0 78 1 82 1 70 7 69 7 71 1 75 3 62 7 71 1 71 9 Congo, Democratic Rep of 45 5 45 5 51 6 39 3 32 3 0 0 35 7 Congo, Republic of 46 1 45 7 30 7 41 7 35 7 20 1 43 5 25 5 20 5 27 1 13 8 36 2 34 8 C6te d'lvoire 63 8 64 6 65 2 63 0 64 0 60 9 58 6 65 0 60 1 61 1 48 6 56 2 62 6 Djibouti 55 5 55 9 56 6 55 7 51 5 50.5 48 3 54 8 54 5 53 2 53 6 EquatonalGuinea 61 2 62 4 35 1 32 2 19 4 18 1 11 2 8 2 31 0 Entrea 47 9 24 2 21 1 20 8 24 2 22 1 21 0 21 0 13 9 18 5 23S5 Ethiopia 43 2 46 0 54 1 43 4 42 6 45 9 42 0 41 4 43 3 46 2 46 7 38 8 44 4 Gabon 35 1 37 0 26 7 26 1 25 3 24 2 27 5 37 2 30 1 30 2 73 4 30 9 Gambia, The 76 5 74 0 70 7 70 6 71 2 68 3 68 1 65 1 64 9 60 9 75 9 77 8 71 0 Ghana 56 3 53 7 68 7 54 5 63 9 59 9 62 2 63 5 62 5 63 9 63 8 66 0 61 5 Guinea 85 9 86 2 84 1 84 6 82 6 83 5 83 7 82 5 65 9 72 0 92 1 82 6 Guinea-Bissau 29 0 41 3 48 5 46 8 47 0 43 8 53 0 49 8 S5 8 45 3 78 1 46 5 44 7 Kenya 60 9 57 7 57 3 54 1 52 3 52 8 54 4 55 5 55 8 59 4 63 5 60 7 59 4 56 1 Lesotho 70 0 73 1 72 7 68 6 62 9 64 0 61 4 62 7 57 8 62 5 63 6 77 2 66 9 Libena Madagascar 66 6 60 6 68 9 80 8 73 3 75 4 74 1 78 8 79 1 73 8 50 6 61 5 70 7 Malawi 0 0 32 8 46 4 55 5 56 5 52 2 54 5 50 2 46 9 50 2 49 2 0 0 11 7 46 8 Mali 71 7 63 3 66 9 68 0 64 6 65 3 66 9 72 9 71 8 74 2 67 6 67 3 50 0 65 6 Mauntania 47 0 45 3 48 1 45 8 41 3 38 9 39 2 38 2 40 6 53 3 49 7 44 3 Mauntius 69 2 68 0 71 4 71 2 65 7 68 3 65 4 66 6 66 0 70 8 70 3 63 4 73 7 69 1 Mozambique 65 7 71 3 76 7 71 3 74 7 73 6 72 6 74 5 78 4 78 4 73 7 53 8 58 1 73 7 Nanfubla 59 3 62 1 58 9 61 7 60 5 56 8 56 3 58 a 59 9 55 4 72 2 54 9 58 7 Niger 47 9 56 1 59 1 60 9 61 4 64 9 64 9 67 S 66 7 68 0 65 3 54 9 60 5 Nigena 17 0 30 0 16 6 10 3 13 8 17 5 Rwanda 64 3 67 5 73 5 81 4 65 8 69 5 67 1 70 1 68 3 63 8 86 9 83 5 68 3 Sao Tome and Pnncipe 59 3 63 4 64 5 45 1 46 0 38 6 35 7 65 2 60 0 62 7 38 7 53 5 Senegal 67 7 60 0 73 0 76 7 74 3 77 2 71 0 72 1 75 7 72 7 71 8 67 8 59 8 70 1 Seychelles 60 6 56 7 48 7 46 2 47 0 48 3 46 3 42 4 48 7 51 8 49 1 52 0 50 9 Sierra Leone 76 1 69 0 70 7 76 9 76 0 73 1 74 2 66 1 65 8 69 5 74 2 72 4 Somalia South Affnca 29 0 36 6 38 6 39 5 39 1 38 1 37 4 39 1 38 9 39 6 39 5 30 7 38 1 38 7 Sudan . 50 3 56 3 62 1 60 7 57 0 36 8 39 8 66 7 63 0 51 9 Swaziland 55 7 60 2 63 8 68 9 68 0 67 i 65 8 65 8 68 9 69 8 . 4 8 Tanzania 46 8 35 0 37 8 49 5 48 2 55 2 51 9 55 1 51 8 59 4 59 6 61 1 48 7 Togo 45 0 49 8 S0 4 50 0 57 2 53 4 63 3 65 7 67 0 65 8 43 4 46 1 56 2 Uganda 80 2 77 5 78 5 77 7 80 7 80 1 78 5 75 5 74 0 74 4 86 8 82 5 78 5 Zambia 62 5 68 0 64 4 62 7 62 1 62 6 61 5 61 0 56 6 58 7 63 9 63 8 Zimbabwe 0 0 44 0 39 1 40 3 42 7 44 6 44 2 44 6 42 7 43 3 45 9 9 2 42 6 43 2 NORT}i AiRCA 40 0 41 3 41 2 43 3 ' 41 2 40 8 42.2 42 0 38.2 5S 7 44 4 4 Algcna 25 3 25 6 28 5 27 7 29 9 27 0 25 1 31 2 25 6 16 9 90 3 29 6 36 0 32 2 Egypt, Arab Republic 32 9 34 7 36 8 39 7 40 3 40 2 42 2 44 4 41 1 43 0 34 0 38 5 Libya Morocco 66 8 64 4 64 2 65 4 66 5 60 9 60 5 54 4 57 2 57 8 46 6 63 7 69 1 60 7 Tunisia 42 3 60 2 58 2 49 1 50 2 47 4 49 9 50 5 50 7 50 5 50 0 42 6 52 0 53 1 ALL AFRICA .. 39 a 411 41,7 43 0 42.1 43.2 45 i 44i 41i 48 9 45,1 43.4 42,9 Note 2001 data are preliminary (see page 2) Total revenue does not include grants Nigena's fiscial data are for consolidated government suring from 1992 Government Finance 197 7-12. Nontax revenue (excluding grants) Percentage of total revenue Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75.84 85.89 90-MR SUB-SAHARAN4 AFRICA .. 12 2 13.5 12.8 13 9 13.5 19 1 11 6 13.9 15 8 13 6 13.3 1 1.0 13.5 excluding South Africa .. 16 6 14 1 12.1 138& 13.3 24 7 19 8 23.7 27 7 23 8 . 14 0 18.2 excl S.Africa &Nigeria . 20 0 17.0 14.5 16 6 15.9 15,3 14 7 152 20 2 17 0 19.1 17.0 16,8 Angola . 1 8 1 8 1 6 1 0 0 5 0 8 1 4 0 6 0 4 0 5 32 9 3 5 Benin 23 0 18 1 13 7 17 6 17 0 12 7 13 4 14 5 12 1 12 1 6 3 48 6 17 8 Botswana 24 8 27 9 23 6 22 6 29 0 23 9 20 3 22 1 15 6 14 2 17 0 19 5 22 3 Burkina Faso 25 8 26 8 8 3 8 4 6 9 7 7 7 2 6 7 7 5 6 4 19 9 14 3 11 9 Burundi 6 7 29 9 33 0 9 4 11 6 14 7 17 1 8 5 4 7 4 7 13 8 8 5 13 2 17 5 Cameroon 16 7 35.5 10 5 7 5 8 2 9 3 7 4 7 9 6 3 5 6 4 5 32 7 10 4 11 9 Cape Verde 97 9 58 9 60 6 37 5 27 6 8 8 26 9 11 9 11 1 13 0 25 1 97 9 40 2 Central Afncan Republic 7 9 6 6 9 2 4 3 0 9 5 7 10 7 12 0 9 9 12 9 7 5 Chad 44 6 35 2 59 4 43 7 39 8 21 9 31 4 19 7 9 4 9 0 21 4 10 5 32 1 Comoros 17 4 12 6 11 3 13 7 12 3 6 7 14 6 13 0 1 17 14 4 0 0 2089 14 9 Congo, Democratic Rep of 37 3 29 5 18.5 43 2 551 36 7 Congo, Republicof 1 9 2 9 6 3 9 2 3 2 1 2 2 9 2 4 1 4 2 4 68 5 34 0 3 2 C8tedIlvoire 15 9 16 0 19 9 18 7 15 5 19 5 21 4 12 8 15 6 16 7 33 6 24 2 17 0 Djibouti 5 7 5 4 5 0 7 2 7 5 10 4 6 8 Equatonial Guinea 19 2 21 4 12 0 6 0 4 1 5 5 5 8 5 1 9 9 Enitrea 39.1 26 6 18 1 33 5 29 8 46 0 27 1 25 2 23 8 14 0 28 3 Ethiopia 26 7 30 9 21 9 34 4 32 2 28 8 35 0 35 4 31 8 26 9 24 7 32 4 29 9 Gabon 5 3 4 8 3 1 2 9 4 6 4 3 6 7 4 6 56 1 55 7 5 2 13 0 Gambia, The 21 1 18 6 16 4 9 8 8 9 10 6 9 7 12 0 12 6 13 7 9 5 41 0 13 6 Ghana 29 1 31 5 13 8 28 2 14 4 15 2 13 8 9 2 20 2 28 9 17 5 ItO0 19 8 Guinea 7 3 6 8 7 1 6 3 6 5 6 8 6 6 6 3 16 4 12 5 6 3 8 0 Gwnea-Bissau 93 9 65 6 50 6 98 5 53 7 85 8 90 9 50 2 83 4 69 9 248 0 136 2 75 7 Kenya 16 5 18 2 13 5 11 5 13 3 14 0 12 5 12 6 14 0 13 8 13 5 15 4 12 4 14 2 Lesotho 13 7 13 0 12 0 15 2 22 0 20 9 21 5 19 2 24 3 17 4 21 9 12 4 17 2 Libena Madagascar 23 1 21 0 15 5 7.5 17 2 27 4 12 8 11 0 10 4 16 0 13 4 13 7 17 4 Malawi 16 2 18 0 20 7 12 2 11 7 7 5 7 5 9 0 13 1 8 2 8 7 16 6 18 0 12 1 Mali 12 9 22 4 20 1 15 4 16 2 16 1 14 5 4 4 10 0 9 3 8 4 ISO0 37 3 17 1 Maurntania 22 5 27 9 25 9 24 0 38 9 39 6 39 4 41 8 45 3 32 5 16 6 31 9 Maurnnus ItS5 11 8 9 3 9 9 11 5 5 4 14 7 14 2 13 2 9 5 10 3 11 2 10 5 10 3 Mozambique 24 6 59 5 41 3 62 4 41 3 35 4 46 1 43 5 60 6 48 9 48 7 33 1 36 8 48 3 Namnibia 13 8 6 8 12 1 10 8 10 6 9 1 lOt 8 9 8 2 9 5 9 7 12 2 10 5 Niger 29 3 47 8 46 3 30 1 41 2 34 0 37 1 19 2 24 9 24 0 12 7 21 2 32 7 Nigena 73 0 46 1 67 8 66 3 58 8 62 4 Rwanda 73 0 77 8 25 7 172 1 87 7 70 5 55 1 65 3 97 8 81 2 12 5 15 3 75 3 S5o Tomd and Prncipe 34 0 27 7 31 2 63 9 43 7 38 6 25 4 39 0 25 7 20 0 86 9 49 7 Senegal 6 0 15 8 3 6 2 2 3 8 1 2 7 2 4 6 3 1 4 4 4 3 6 5 16 5 7 2 Seychelles 13 5 8 6 21 7 18 9 26 2 23 7 25 4 25 8 18 3 15 7 28 3 29 6 17 9 Sierra Leone 0 0 9 3 7 9 7 2 21 2 23 9 37 7 56 6 66 9 31 9 0 0 21 9 Somalia South Africa 12 4 7 3 12 8 13 6 13 9 13 6 12 6 2 1 2 4 1 9 1 7 11 2 7 7 7 9 Sudan 28 1 22 5 23 6 21 0 15 4 14 7 19 4 25 4 51 8 51 7 14 4 22 1 27 7 Swaziland 10 1 6 3 4 1 3 0 3 5 6 1 8 0 7 0 5 5 5 3 6 2 Tanzania 9 8 8 0 6 9 9 5 14 4 101 8 6 10 6 10 4 11 0 6 8 7 4 100 Togo 24 5 17 4 8 3 7 7 11 0 8 4 9 1 8 5 9 9 15 1 22 2 19 7 12 5 Uganda 7 1 8 0 6 9 7 7 6 1 5 9 5 9 6 6 8 1 4 9 6 6 9 7 6 8 Zambia 4 5 3 4 6 8 8 4 8 0 5 4 3 4 2 6 IItO 3 3 8 6 5 1 Zimbabwe 0 0 10 0 12 2 12 0 11 4 9 7 8 2 7 4 4 9 6 3 5 9 2 2 11 9 9 1 NORTH AFRICA 17.1 19 6 1890 17 2 17 6 16.9 16,3 15 5 13.7 14 2 18 1 16 7 Algenia 2 6 2 0 2 8 3 1 1 5 1 8 2 2 2 4 4 6 1 0 4 4 6 0 12 4 2 6 Egypt, Arab Republic 31 2 35 0 34 3 33 5 32 0 31 4 29 3 26 1 25 2 26 0 26 7 30 3 Libya Morocco 10 4 9 0 12 6 12 1 9 5 13 6 13 7 15 1 14 2 13 3 9 1 11 6 8 1 11 7 Tunisia 24 8 23 2 23 8 19 8 16 4 17 2 11 8 10 5 10 5 8 9 8 5 25 8 25 9 16 1 ALL AFRICA .. 13 9 15 6 _14,9 15.0 149 18,3 13 2 14,4 15 1 13 8 13,3 12.9 14,6 Note 200t data are preliminary (see page 2) Nigerina' rscal data are for consolidated govemnment starting from 1992 198 Government Finance 7-13. Government expenditure: wages and salaries Percentage of total expenditure and lending minus repayments Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 30 4 29 0 26.9 27 1 26.6 27 3 30 8 31.0 29 9 31 0 20.9 14.3 28.1 excluding South Africa .. 24 1 24 4 20.9 21 1 21.1 22 1 22 1 22 9 21 6 25 0 21.1 22.8 excl SAfrica &Nigena .. 24'1 24.4 '22,9 22 9 22.6 24. 24 9 25 2 22 9 27 4 19 9 21.1 24.2 Angola 24 4 21 5 8 7 IllI 10 8 15 6 21 0 5 0 9 6 isO0 45 5 20 1 Bemni 33 0 35 5 27 8 24 3 26 4 26 5 28 7 25 6 23 2 22 9 38 5 28 9 Botswana 24 9 26 1 23 3 22 6 23 0 23 7 23 4 23 0 23 8 Burkina Faso 308& 29 0 26 2 24 9 23 4 20 9 19 7 18 8 20 8 21 6 25 6 Burundi 49 1 23 0 23 7 30 0 28 0 28 7 32 2 29 3 26 0 27 7 28 0 49 0 27 7 27 3 Cameroon 31 4 42 0 43 7 31 4 29 1 25 8 26 5 27 7 26 9 29 0 28 7 24 8 29 0 32 4 Cape Verde 20 0 22 1 19 2 20 2 24 1 23 8 22 1 30 0 22 0 34 0 0 0 14 8 24 4 Central Aftcan Republic 27 2 29 5 24 2 22 5 41 8 32 6 24 2 23 3 21 1 20 4 31 3 26 7 Chad 21 1 27 1 28 0 28 6 20 3 19 4 20 6 19 0 19 7 20 1 15 0 22 4 -Comioros 27 7 30 8 23 2 28 6 35 4 37 0 34 1 32 6 34 6 36 2 0 0 5 8 31 9 Congo, Democratic Rep of 6 8 35 6 43 8 42 1 21 5 89 8 39 9 Congo, Republic of 47 5 48 8 36 3 32 1 24 8 20 4 20 8 21 2 18 3 18 3 0 0 33 3 30 2 C6tc,d'Ivoire 35 5 35 6 28 6 26 0 28 0 27 1 26 1 28 4 32 9 34 8 28 1 31 0 Djibouti 46 6 48 0 56 4 61 6 60 3 62 2 49 3 47 1 46 1 44 3 52 2 Equabonal Guinea 12 7 10 8 16 4 17 9 17 3 15 3 11 3 17 6 15 6 21 9 15 4 14 9 Entrea , 18 6 15 0 22 7 24 0 29 0 27 3 19 9 17 5 20 2 16 1 21 0 Ethiopia 28 0 28 3 24 8 22 6 20 6 21 7 23 4 19 7 20 5 23 4 25 1 22 5 24 5 Gabon 34 4 34 0 27 9 27 4 27 3 21 4 16 1 29 8 25 8 26 4 16 2 25 1 27 9 Gambia, The 19 5 21 1 23 3 21 8 20 3 24 0 27 5 27 0 28 6 21 6 17 6 23 0 Ghana 24 8 20 2 18 3 18 3 18 2 18 4 19 4 21 6 18 9 20 7 17 6 25 6 20 4 Guinea 23 1 24 2 25 1 23 9 27 1 23 8 27 6 25 2 15 1 16 2 13 2 22 8 Guinea-Bissau 8 0 8 1 7 5 9 2 9 5 6 8 18 8 15 9 15 5 18 0 10 4 13 1 11 4 Kenya 16 8 27 7 23 7 22 8 21 6 16 8 17 6 17 9 18 3 17 4 15 7 19 2 23 6 20 1 Lesotho 29 5 29 6 31 4 31 2 29 8 30 5 33 5 26 6 29 8 32 7 32 1 32 7 29 5 Libena Madagascar 18 4 17 0 16 4 18 8 14 5 21 3 20 4 24 0 21 9 24 4 40 5 34 1 20 8 Malawi 14 3 18 3 21 6 18 3 22 7 19 6 23 5 17 4 16 7 15 9 17 4 16 4 16 3 18 9 Mali 16 5 22 6 23 0 16 7 16 6 16 1 16 4 14 5 15 6 16 6 15 4 19 8 25 0 18 1 Mauritania 23 2 15 4 19 0 20 3 20 3 21 2 19 3 18 6 16 1 18 3 16 4 19 0 Maurntius 28 1 27 7 28 9 31 7 32 2 29 1 26 1 29 4 30 0 27 9 26 5 29 0 29 5 29 1 Mozambique 25 8 9 9 10 4 7 9 9 6 10 8 15 4 20 5 23 0 22 7 21 4 19 2 12 2 14 3 Namibia Niger 37 4 38 3 29 4 36 1 25 5 26 1 20 7 22 8 25 2 21 2 18 8 21 2 28 5 Nigena 10 8 12 2 13 7 8 2 7 8 11 1 15 2 12 3 It14 Rwanda 22 1 24 1 25 0 19 5 20 1 26 2 24 6 27 2 27 8 24 6 24 4 S8o Tom6 and Prnnipe 10 1 7 8 7 0 4 3 6 0 8 4 11 3 10 9 11 8 11 4 12 0 9 5 Senegal 39 7 40 4 41 4 35 0 35 4 32 7 33 1 29 5 33 0 28 4 24 2 38 8 41 9 35 0 Seychelles 27 2 20 9 26 9 32 0 27 7 26 2 21 8 25 0 28 0 31 2 26 5 Sierra Leone 10 1 18 5 20 9 17 3 20 2 25 4 23 8 27 5 23 4 25 0 8 6 19 0 Somahia South Africa 17 2 36 3 33 4 33 7 33 8 33 1 33 4 41 0 40 4 39 5 38 0 17 7 21 2 34 1 Sudan 9 3 12 5 13 5 28 1 31 2 33 5 35 4 27 6 34 1 25 0 Swaziland Tanzania 19 3 19 0 21 7 22 8 26 2 31 2 28 6 24 4 24 4 24 2 20 9 21 3 23 6 Togo 38 8 41 2 36 0 35 5 35 8 36 2 31 1 34 5 34 2 36 7 27 1 25 7 35 4 Uganda 8 2 8 7 10 3 15 1 16 9 20 3 20 7 23 3 16 3 20 3 10 9 11 9 14 7 Zanbiba 25 4 17 7 16 1 20 2 20 5 25 1 19 0 19 2 17 8 21 1 20 5 Zimbabwe 103 4 30 0 29 5 29 1 29 2 32 0 35 5 35 5 34 3 30 6 38 1 75 2 29 0 32 5 NORTH AFlUCA 26.3 26.3 27 3 27 9 28 0 28 9 29 8 29 4 28.0 31.7 21 3 28 2 Algenia 15 5 29 1 27 3 29 1 28 5 28 4 27 3 29 3 28 8 23 9 33 7 15 3 27 0 29 1 Egypt, Arab Republic 15 8 18 8 19 7 21 5 22 0 23 0 24 1 22 7 24 0 24 3 17 2 20 7 Libya Morocco 33 1 37 4 34 4 37 5 38 1 38 1 39 7 39 1 38 7 37 0 40 2 32 0 36 0 38 0 Turnisia 34 7 35 7 35 5 30 1 30 3 29 1 34 1 35 1 37 4 36 8 36 5 31 4 34 0 34 0 ALL-AFRICA .. 289 28 0 27,0 '27 4 27.1 27 8 35 30,4 29 2 31 2 21.9 18.7 28.1 Note 2001 daia see preliminasry (see page 2) Nigena's fiscal dais are for oonsoi~dated govemnment starsing from 1992 Government Finance 199 7-14. Government expenditure: trends in real wages and salaries Index 1987=100 Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHARANAFRICA 157 158 144 119 113 101 128 132 130 132 . 120 137 excludingSouthAfiica 141 146 132 117 96 90 104 113 119 129 115 125 cxcl S.Afriva&Nigena 123 131 117 112 92 77 77 92 107 104 118 108 Angola Benin Botswana BurkinaFaso 117 119 106 105 103 106 107 124 134 141 104 118 Burundi 125 126 117 102 96 82 83 88 80 87 99 101 102 Cameroon 105 100 56 48 45 48 57 60 65 72 71 98 72 CapeVerde 124 154 163 175 179 174 180 211 232 235 98 171 Central Afncan Republic 103 100 90 76 71 74 75 78 75 73 102 85 Chad 160 193 212 207 152 144 131 152 172 170 111 168 Comoros Congo, Democratic Rep of Congo, Republic of 167 161 108 84 73 97 Cote dlvoire 87 80 66 61 67 68 66 67 69 71 0 100 74 Djibouti EquatonalGuinea 126 131 113 118 176 220 266 414 332 363 103 207 Entrea Ethiopia 67 81 90 88 103 104 124 127 152 169 106 103 111 Gabon 163 168 137 134 138 141 144 156 140 86 101 143 Gambia, The Ghana 162 173 181 164 159 153 170 183 180 195 82 161 Guinea 223 247 246 248 269 262 263 270 143 165 165 232 Gmnea-Bissau 108 95 85 93 110 103 112 137 192 199 104 123 Kenya 98 75 69 73 57 59 60 58 57 57 80 90 70 Lesotho Libena Madagascar 88 86 80 75 74 93 108 119 111 133 122 100 96 Malawi 115 117 157 142 114 145 131 127 129 139 92 91 125 Mali Mauntania 99 97 97 95 97 100 105 107 117 125 102 103 Mauntius 110 142 140 167 172 170 178 184 197 197 196 91 III 168 Mozainbique 159 187 158 154 152 282 403 560 637 745 115 312 Namibia Niger 164 172 149 141 90 116 113 130 129 121 103 135 Nigena 180 295 229 183 189 196 218 506 899 814 131 344 Rwanda 102 104 26 43 56 76 71 87 89 92 97 80 SO Tomd and Pnncipe 69 57 78 65 91 154 165 189 194 221 84 120 Senegal 119 114 97 95 96 93 93 95 99 97 115 104 102 Seychelles SierraLeone 124 234 231 191 209 169 228 247 305 374 415 142 211 Somalia South Afnca Sudan Swaziland Tanzania 119 146 148 164 190 209 204 190 233 239 136 110 174 Togo III 112 103 94 92 90 92 92 88 82 98 100 99 Uganda 321 396 486 719 828 1,051 1,184 1,485 1,583 1,801 149 856 Zambia Zimbabwe 116 106 108 113 126 152 147 154 169 130 83 104 133 NORTHAFRICA 118 116 126 125 132 142 148 159 161 180 104 137 Algena 56 115 115 113 107 108 112 117 123 124 221 57 95 123 Egypt, Arab Republic 96 105 109 107 112 117 124 138 151 163 101 118 Libya Morocco 36 129 121 134 134 141 154 161 169 165 189 61 106 146 Tuniasa 125 130 125 130 139 158 167 188 195 206 96 101 149 ALLAFRICA 157 150 144 119 113 101 128 132 130 132 117 135 Note 2001 data are preliminary (see page 2) Nigena's fiscal data are for consolidated govemment starting from 1992 200 Government Finance 7-15. Government expenditure: other goods and services Percentage of total expenditure and lending minus repayments AnnualAverage 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-AMR SUB-SAJIARAN APICA .. -84 -6 5 25.4 240 25.2 26.2 18 0 18. 18 7 11.9 -7, 4.5 32.8 excluding South Africa .. 23.5 22.4 25.7 224 22.3 23.9 231 22.7 23 0 19.5 .. 19.9 22.3 excl. S.Africa &Nigeria -, 21.5 22 4 21.2 23 4 23.7 24 0 23 5 23.5 24.0 11.8 18.2 39,9 222 Angola .. 10 9 43 1 41.0 55 0 9 2 27.6 41 7 33 0 43.9 27 5 26 4 30 8 Benin 7 6 8 4 63 5 2 7 6 6 9 7 5 7 1 6 0 5 8 7 4 7 0 Botswana 24 2 26 1 24 8 25 8 31 4 32 3 3331 35 7 29 2 Burkma Faso 8 6 10 7 12 0 10 8 9 8 8 7 9 4 8 6 9 4 8 9 9 3 Burnmdi 28 0 12 4 20 4 21 3 24 0 20 9 33 2 27 0 30 1 31 0 25 7 22 6 16 9 23 2 Cameroon 22 9 10 5 10 7 7 5 15 8 16 0 16 1 14 5 16 3 18 9 20 1 20 3 13 7 14 7 Cape Verde 2 5 1 8 1 6 1 5 1 6 3 3 1 6 3 3 1 6 2 3 23 4 8 8 2 4 Central Aftican Rcpublic 11 7 13 5 1339 10 0 12 6 15 7 10 3 11 4 10 5 11 3 11 5 11 9 Chad 26 4 26 3 14 4 11 7 22 1 19 2 22 3 25 2 18 5 22 4 18 5 22 0 Comoros 19 7 26 4 20 3 22 6 17 7 14 3 14 8 23 5 23 7 20 3 0 0 4 1 20 4 Congo, Democratic Rep of 43 8 36 1 23 7 22 6 35 4 32 3 Congo, Republic of 10 4 9 1 831 7 7 7 2 24 4 36 1 19 2 19 2 15 1 24 5 10 3 14 6 C6te d'lvoire 22 4 22 2 21 7 21 8 23 2 23 0 20 8 25 8 22 6 24 2 31 6 23 0 Djibouti 29 2 29 2 24 2 22 0 19 0 14 9 21 4 32 6 33 1 31 5 25 5 EquatonialGumnea 14 6 10 1 20 3 25 2 23 8 30 6 16 0 23 9 43 1 22 7 18 8 20 8 Entrea 71 0 44 1 49 2 42 7 40 5 26 1 45.2 40 3 49 4 41 3 45 0 Ethiopia 22 1 25 7 25 0 25 3 23 1 25 5 3138 40 3 50 1 34 0 30 5 32 0 30 6 Gabon 20 5 19 4 19 2 17 3 23 1 24 5 36.8 21 9 20 9 21 6 13 8 20 4 22 3 Gambia, The 23 5 25 5 25 1 18 9 19 7 17 9 16 0 18 5 -0 1 22 8 19 5 19 0 Ghana 10 0 12 6 10 5 8 1 7 2 6 9 7 5 9 0 9 3 5 8 34 5 15 4 9 4 Guinea 15 6 13 9 13 2 11 3 11 7 11 6 13 6 11 6 333 317 5 26 5 13~8- Guinea-Bissau 10 7 9 4 12 6 11 9 10 0 8 4 18 5 18 5 16 1 10 6 0 0 13 8 12 8 Kenya 27 6 24 4 19 6 13 8 15 8 22 2 22 0 22 0 22 0 23 3 23 7 30 1 28 5 21 0 Lesothio 23 6 24 9 22 9 23 3 15 3 13 6 19 0 28 6 31 5 27 6 19 9 23 6 22 2 Liberia Madagascar 2136 16 6 35 8 6 4 30 5 23 6 18 9 16 4 15 7 21 0 -11 5 .58 16 5 Malawi 0 0 49 1 37 3 41 4 29 1 31 6 36 6 23 7 28 0 24 4 21 1 0 0 0 0 34 8 Mali 1330 9 8 10 2 30 6 12 2 11 7 13 0 3114 13 2 7 0 12 1 15 8 4 7 101I Mauritania 18 9 14 4 17 6 20 1 20 0 21 8 20 8 22 5 38 6 18 3 8 8 18 6 Mauritius 8 3 10 5 9 7 9 6 9 4 9 5 9 4 8 7 8 8 8 5 8 9 7 6 8 1 9 1 Mozambique 44 2 31 5 29.3 33 8 22 4 28 3 23 6 27 4 14 8 3117 12 6 36 0 34.2 24 6 Namibia Niger 21 3 15 3 18 8 17 9 23 3 22 9 24 3 25 3 22 5 22 5 13 8 14 9 20 2 Nigenia 48 1 17 7 3531 23 1 20 9 18 5 18 3 28 2 23 7 Rwanda 30 9 24 8 26 4 25 0 26 3 20 3 26 7 27 5 26 7 29 8 26 3 Sto Tomndand Prncipe 4 7 3 7 5 0 4 6 5 0 5 0 5 5 5 5 6 6 3 5 16 6 4 7 Senegal 22 9 21 1 13 9 11 8 11 4 13 0 10 8 13 0 15 7 15 7 15 2 17 9 15 5 13 5 Seychelles 31 5 25 1 30 6 24 6 18 8 22 2 17 2 15 4 16 4 19 9 23 6 Sierra Leone 38 8 33 2 35 4 51 6 35 9 44 1 19 3 23 6 25 2 30 6 35 5 34 8 Somalia South Africa 25 1 25 7 28 5 28 9 12 2 128 1337 16 2 20 4 Sudan 20 3 26 0 53 7 44 8 47 8 38 4 33 1 30 6 28 9 36 0 Swaziland Tanzania 36 2 30 7 30 4 28 9 24 2 23 7 21 1 26 0 23 4 30 0 30 5 31 5 28 6 Togo 17 0 19 0 16 3 18 9 22 9 21 1 22 6 22 4 21 9 20 4 -27 1 -25 7 20 2 Uganda 31 8 26 6 29 7 33 9 33 1 33 8 32 2 31 0 22 1 27 0 35 0 45 2 31 4 Zambia 24 5 20 3 22 3 22 5 21 2 18 3 20 3 15 2 12 3 19 5 19 3 Zimbabwe -103 4 16 9 19 4 18 1 16 9 16 5 1431 13 2 14 6 17 9 17 1 -69 3 16 7 16 3 NORTH AFRICA . 10,5 11.7 10 7 11 1 13 2 11 6 118.. 30b6 10. 13.9 . 10 9 110 Algeria 2.9 3.7 4 0 3 6 4 7 4 6 5.1 5 4 5 5 4 6 6 5 2 9 2 1 4 5 Egypt, Arab Republic 13 0 35 3 15 5 16 1 359 16 3 16 3 1338 ISO 15 2 15 1 14 9 Libya Morocco 17 6 15 9 16 9 14 3 13 7 34 5 357 16 0 15 2 14 6 16 7 40 9 14 7 15 0 Turnsia 13 1 10 9 10 7 6 5 6 1 6 9 5.9 5 7 5 0 6 3 6 1 11 7 12 1 7 7 ALL AFPJCA ., -34 0 2 20.3 19 5 20.4 21.2 15 9 I0.5 36.0 15 9 -1 3 6.3 17_3 Noie 2003 dais are prelimisiay (see page 2) Nigenias fiscal daia aLre for consolidated govemmeni starsing from 1992 Government Finance 201 7-16. Government expenditure: interest payments Percentage of/total expenditure and lending minus repayments Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-9AHARAN AFRICA 6 7 7 3 13.6 10.1 9 6 7.9 7 7 8.2 7.9 8 3 3 7 5 8 8.4 excluding South Africa . 13 8 15 1 25.8 19.1 17 9 14 6 14 3 15.3 14.7 15.5 . 12,7 16.2 exel SAfrica&Nigena , 13 8 151 24.1 17.2 17.2 15.0 14 7 14.1 14.3 15 7 11.2 12.7 15.8 Angola 8 9 15 5 384 9 16 1 18 2 86 16 2 11 1 9 2 9 7 54 43 6 Benin 17 5 15 0 15 9 12 6 12 4 90 62 5 2 4 4 4 3 15 6 11 0 Botswana 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0 0 00 00 00 Burkina Faso 6 9 6 9 6 9 6 6 4 2 3 6 3 5 3 1 3 9 3 9 5 1 Bwrundi 2 0 6 4 5 0 6 0 6 9 6 7 8 9 10 2 11 2 12 3 10 3 5 3 8 9 81I Cameroon 2 0 23 4 24 1 36 5 39 5 41 8 37 2 32 0 27 6 25 1 20 8 2 9 5 7 27 9 Cape Verde 2 6 2 5 1 9 6 2 8 4 9 6 8 5 3 9 6 0 9 2 0 0 3 1 5 6 Central African Republic 8 2 9 9 10 8 11 1 17 2 9 6 7 6 7 8 10 2 7 4 7 2 9 3 Chad 3 8 5 8 6 1 5 6 5 6 5 3 5 5 4 8 5 1 4 2 1 0 4 8 Comoros 2 9 3 7 3 1 3 0 3 6 4 1 4 9 5 2 2 5 4 6 0 0 0 8 3 8 Congo, Democratic Rep of 31 1 23 5 31 1 22 6 18 1 74 5 33 5 Congo, Republic of 21 6 20 1 33 0 43 0 36 5 32 2 34 0 35 4 27 2 23 5 0 0 13 0 29 9 C6te d'voire 32 7 29 0 29 1 25 8 23 2 20 2 18 0 19 9 22 6 18 7 22 7 25 1 Djibouti I I 0 8 0 8 1 5 2 0 1 4 1 0 0 9 2 3 2 5 1 4 Equatonial Guinea 16 7 13 7 26 0 24 0 15 6 8 7 5 5 8 5 3 4 4 1 17 8 12 5 Entrea 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 6 1 3 1 9 1 6 2 0 2 9 3 5 1 4 Ethiopia 7 3 10 2 13 5 10 0 9 0 9 2 7 4 6 4 6 5 7 0 3 4 5 1 8 0 Gabon 22 5 24 4 26 4 30 9 25 6 20 1 15 9 26 8 25 4 21 7 6 6 14 1 23 8 Gamnbia, The 12 9 14 8 14 8 14 1 14 2 19 1 23 0 22 2 20 8 18 5 13 4 16 9 Ghana 8 9 12 0 14 2 13 9 17 2 21 7 17 9 21 4 27 0 30 1 11 4 8 3 16 8 Guinea 8 5 7 2 9 0 8 1 8 1 9 3 9 8 9 6 12 3 I0 9 12 1 9 4 Guinea-Bissau 9 7 14 3 15 2 21 9 19 7 1 19 27 4 20 3 13 0 19 5 1 7 5 16 2 Kenya 10 1 28 1 40 6 36 2 26 4 23 7 21 7 20 9 17 9 13 3 11 9 13 9 18 0 24 7 Lesotho 5 9 5 4 4 2 3 6 3 3 3 7 4 9 5 4 8 0 7 3 8 9 5 9 Liberia Madagascar 15 9 18.3 26 4 30!1 21 6 17 5 13 7 11 8 12 9 10 8 11 2 12 4 16 8 Malawi 9 1 9 3 11 9 10 3 20 5 22 9 14 1 12 9 11 7 14 1 16 3 12 9 18 6 14 1 Mali 4 1 7 3 6 9 9 0 6 1 4 8 4 1 2 8 3 7 3 7 3 0 4 8 6 6 5 6 Mauritania 12 2 1III 10 4 13 0 13 4 13 0 14 0 13 9 10 3 11 9 8 2 11 6 Mauntius 15 3 12 2 11 7 13 0 12 8 12 7 15 8 14 6 13 9 16 4 18 0 18 9 14 5 Mozwnbique 0 0 7 9 8 6 3 6 6 6 7 0 5 7 4 5 2 5 0 7 2 1 0 1 3 8 5 1 Namnibia 0 7 1 7 2 8 3 2 4 2 5 5 6 8 6 6 6 0 6 4 6 8 7 6 3 9 Niger 9 8 10 2 12 3 16 0 12 8 9 7 8 8 8 9 10 5 10 7 1III 13 6 10 9 Nigenia 33 9 28 9 21 8 12 8 12 0 21 7 17 0 14 5 20 3 Rwanda 7 8 9 1 27 9 11 3 7 2 6 2 4 9 4 2 4 9 3 9 8 4 Sto Tom6 and Prncipe 15 5 16 8 14 9 15 6 14 4 16 1 20 8 16 3 10 0 10 3 22 4 15 1 Senegal 7 5 9 3 10 9 16 8 14 5 11 2 12 1 6 3 8 4 7 3 3 9 9 4 15 7 10 5 Seychelles 15 2 12 3 16 5 20 7 17 6 17 7 14 7 15 8 13 8 15 9 16 0 Sierra Leone 26 9 18 9 14 0 10 5 12 5 16 3 23 9 26 4 21 9 16 2 23 7 20 5 Somalia South Africa Sudan 9 1 9 8 10 9 9 9 Swaziland 2 4 2 0 1 8 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 7 2 4 2 3 2 3 Tanzania 12 2 12 9 14 4 18 4 18 9 17 4 15 2 10 6 10 9 10 1 8 0 12 3 13 9 Togo 13 3 16 2 22 0 15 6 13 8 12 6 11 6 13 0 11 7 11 8 20 9 1489 13 9 Uganda 15 5 9 7 7 8 5 9 6 0 5 6 6l1 5 1 4 2 5 8 14 4 7 8 7 1 Zambia 10 9 27 5 41 8 36 5 27 7 17 4 16 4 11 8 101I 10 1 7 9 12 2 28 6 21 3 Zimbabwe 27 7 15 6 17 9 20 4 24 2 24 5 19 1 27 8 26 0 34 4 29 1 24 8 13 5 22 3 NORTH AFRICA 14.5 17.1 19 1 18 2 185 17 6 16.5 12 0 16 1 15.2 9 7 15 8 Algeria 7 0 6 4 8 2 9 9 11 9 12 7 12 6 13 8 11 9 5 6 9 7 Egypt, Arab Republic 18 7 25 5 29 3 25 4 25 1 23 1 21 1 19 1 19 4 19 4 9 1 21 0 Libya Morocco 7 4 19 5 19 8 20 1 20 3 19 3 18 2 17 2 17 1 16 2 15 3 20 2 22 4 18 9 Tuniaia 5 8 10 7 11 5 11 0 11.7 12 2 10 6 9 6 10 7 10 2 9 0 5 5 8 9 10 5 ALL .AFRJCA . 9 5 10 9 15,5 12 9 12 7 11.2 10 7 9.5 10 7 10 7 5.4 7.0 11.0 Note 2001 data are preliminary (see page 2) Nigenias f-iscal daia are for consolidated govemment starting from 1992 202 Government Finance 7-17. Government expenditure: subsidies and current transfers Percentage of total expenditure and lending minus repayments Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 200) 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA . 0 9 3 0 2.8 2 5 2.2 2.3 1 2 1.2 1 4 1 5 1.7 32? I.6 excluding South Africa . I a 2 0 1.3 3.5 1.3 1.7 2 3 2.2 2.5 2 9 . 26 2.0 excl S.Africa &Nigena I 3 2 0 1,6 3 8 1,6 2.0 2 7 2.6 3 0 3 4 2.7 2 6 2.2 Angola 831 9.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 7 7 5 3 3 2 Benin Botswana 0 8 0 8 0 8 1 0 3 3 1 2 1 5 36 31 3 6 3 2 Burkma Faso Burundi 10 9 8 0 5 7 7 5 6 7 5 9 7 6 7 6 7 0 6 5 6 1 10 1 5 8 6 8 Cameroon 11II 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 4 8 5.4 5 7 6 8 8 6 0 0 2 3 Cape Verde 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 0 9 0 1 Central Afncan Republic Chad 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Comoros 0 0 0 0 -00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Congo, Democratic Rep of .0 5 0 3 0 7 0 3 5 5 .1 5 Congo, Republic of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 0 2 C6te dlvoire 0 0 3 0 3 7 3 9 2 9 3 7 3 5 4 0 6 6 4 6 5 4 3 3 Djibouti 3 6 3 6 3 6 -9 2 .1 2 -1 7 -2 8 2 7 2 8 2 8 0 4 Equatonial Gumea 431 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 0 4 1 9 0 4 7 6 7 9 4 5 3 5 4 Entrea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ethiopia 1 4 0 1 1 2 1 8 1 7 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 5 3 4 0 9 Gabon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gainbia, The 0 5 0 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 4 0 3 Ghana 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 9 5 6 4 9 9 3 5 3 5 9 6 7 389 Guinea 4 0 3 6 4 3 6 2 6 0 7 5 8 1 9 1 2 2 3 3 6 8 5 3 Gumnea-Bissau 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kenya 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 031 0 0 0 2 1 5 0 2 Lesothio 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Liberia Madagascar . 0 0. 0 0 Malawi 0 0 0 0 5 1 9 8 3 1 2 0 3 5 12 9 3 0 2 6 5 2 0 0 0 0 3 8 Mali 6 0 2 7 2 7 3 6 1 3 1 4 1 2 5 2 5 6 5 4 4 6 3 7 1 6 3 0 Maunitanua Maunitius 0 0 4 0 4 6 1 7 3 5 2 7 3 7 3 3 3 0 2 8 2 6 0 0 0 0 2 8 Mozamnbique 1 4 2 2 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 2 1 0 1 0 0 5 0 4 0 3 7 1 14 3 1 3 Namibia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Niger 6 9 32 9 6 6 4 4 6 0 7 6 5 2 531 302 11 8 9 4 6 6 7 6 Nigeria 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rwanda 8 1 5 0 3 8 4 8 3 3 5 7 7 9 9 1 8 4 9 6 7 6 Sao Tome and Pruncipe Senegal 13 9 8 2 13 9 11.4 9 9 7 9 9 6 7 5 12 4 15 0 26 2 12 1 101I 11 8 Seychelles 5 4 4 6 6 3 13 2 -3 7 1 4 1 9 1 8 1 0 1 2 3 9 Sierra Leone 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 6 Somalia South Africa 4 5 3 5 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 Sudan 5 1 3 3 2 5 3 4 3 6 Swaziland 1 4 3 3 2 6 6 6 13 8 3112 9 5 12 0 14 1 34 6 8 4 Tanzania 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Togo 5 8 4 6 9 0 6 6 5 4 7 0 6 4 9 4 989 11 0 2 3 0 7 7 0 Uganda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zambia 13 7 2 5 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 9 0 8 2 9 2 7 9 9 11 9 2 8 Zimbabwe 29 3 8 3 4 9 1 4 0 5 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 2 8 5 2 4 NORTH AFRICA 122 9 2 6 6 57 5.9 -4 9 4 7 4.4 4.9 9.8 6 7 6 8 Algeria 15 9 13 6 9 4 6 2 4 4 2 1 2 2 2 0 1 9 21 8 1 1 6 7 Egypt, Arab Republic 14 2 7 7 5 8 6 6 6 8 6 2 5 9 5 2 5 9 6 0 10 2 7 8 Libya Morocco 6 0 2 3 2 6 4.1 3 3 6 0 6 4 6 0 7 4 8 2 3 4 7 5 4 0 4 4 Tunisia 1531 13 3 13 9 6 0 5 9 6 2 5 6 4 8 3 0 3 5 2 4 20 3 38 8 8 0 ALL AFRICA , 5 1 4.0 4.3 3 6 3.5 3.2 2 4 2 3 2.6 4.4 2.8 3.0 3,5 Note 2001 daia are preliminary (see page 2) Nigeria's fisc:al data are for oDnsolidated goeesmnent smiarng from 1992 Government Finance 203 7-18. Government expenditure: capital and net lending Percentage of total expenditure and lending minus repayments Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR S1.J-SAI-ARAN'lAFRICA .. 16 8 18 3 19.4 19.2 19.5 19.8 20 0 18.3 18 5 18 6 21.7 18.0 18,65 excluding South Africa .. 24 5 248$ 28 1 28.2 29 0 30.1 31 3 29.0 29.7 28 7 .. 27.1 2789 excl. S.Africa & N'igena .. 24 5 248$ 25.5 25 5 25.1 25.2 25 9 25 2 2538 25 5 28.6 27.1 25,3 Angola 6 4 10 7 5 7 10 3 20 3 7 2 13 8 15 6 10 4 11 1 17 3 11 6 Benco 21 1 26 8 32 9 36 6 32 9 36 3 36 3 37 7 38 1 38 2 27 0 32 7 Botswana 44 8 40 6 37 2 31 6 32 8 33 6 32 7 31 1 30 3 27 0 43 3 45!1 36 7 Burkina Faso 43 4 34 4 40 8 45 9 51 3 56 5 56 2 58 9 54 3 52 5 47 2 Burundh 113 6 47 9 43 4 32 6 30 3 35 8 18 0 25 8 25 7 22 5 29 9 119 7 61 9 33 1 Cameroon 32 6 15 5 13 8 17 3 7 1 5 9 10 8 16 8 19 5 16 4 19 0 40 3 43 0 16 0 Cape Verde 59 4 58 7 60 9 52 4 47 8 44 7 51 0 19 6 24 5 26 5 67 8 54 3 43 7 Central African Republic 40 2 41 1 46 0 50 2 21 9 37 5 54 2 50 9 52 4 55 3 41 8 44 4 Chad 45 1 38 0 47 5 50 4 49 1 53 8 51 1 50 8 50 8 50 2 63 1 47 8 Comoros 32 3 15 6 32 1 20 5 21 8 24 0 35 0 28 0 23 4 20 1 0 0 60 0 23 6 Congo, Democratic Rep of 0 0 3 1 6 5 3 2 Congo, Republic of 2!1 4 6 7 6 9 1 24 4 9 1 11 1 18 7 27 3 31 8 61 7 27 2 13 0 Ctste dlvotre 9 5 10 3 17 0 21 0 21 9 24 8 28 7 21 9 15 4 17 7 12 1 17 0 Djibouti 18 3 16 4 12 9 9 4 11 3 12 1 20 0 9 4 9 9 11 2 13 1 Equatonial Guinea 51 6 49 5 32 9 18 0 9 6 20 9 36 4 43 8 31 3 41 9 34 0 38 2 Entrea 12 4 29 2 22 4 21 4 31 6 44 3 33 3 40 0 28 1 18 9 28 2 Ethiopia 22 6 34 2 38 0 37 7 45 2 42 9 37 5 32 1 20 0 32 5 27 2 32 9 32 9 Gabon 18 9 17 7 22 1 20 9 22 8 31 7 29 2 8 9 24 9 27 0 58!1 35 4 21 7 Gamnbia, The 34 6 29 9 27 4 35 4 36 9 29 3 22 2 20 7 17 3 22 2 36 5 31 2 28 7 Ghana 17 8 41 9 38 3 42 7 46 1 44 8 42 9 39 6 37 3 33 1 31 7 14 5 38 0 40 0 Guinea 47 0 49 4 46 3 48 6 45 1 47 8 40 9 44 5 57 2 52 0 41 4 47 7 Guinea-Bissau 66 8 64 4 59 1 49 6 53 0 66 9 24 4 34 4 23 3 34 6 32 0 62 2 50 1 Kenya 29 5 12 6 10 8 10 8 11 6 11 9 9 9 8 4 9 7 13 0 16 2 23 5 18 7 12 5 Lesotho 34 0 33 0 31 4 3289 40 6 38 3 24 4 29 1 21 6 20 1 37 9 24 1 32 4 Liberia Madagascar 35 0 35 9 32 2 36 2 32 5 37 5 47 1 47 7 49 4 43 8 39 9 42 1 40 2 Malawi 48 8 23 3 20 3 17 2 21 4 19 9 19 3 26 9 32 9 35 8 26 4 38 0 27 5 23 8 Mali 53 0 53 3 50 4 50 4 53 5 56 2 51 4 46 5 48 3 55 3 54 3 47 9 59 1 53 2 Maunitania 24 3 41 3 32 9 27 6 27 8 25 8 29 2 29 3 42 3 35 5 26 7 30 5 Maunitius 27 2 18 9 20 3 18 2 15 9 18 7 22 1 12 9 12 1 15 9 14 6 21 8 19 1 17 2 Mozambiquie 44 0 50 3 49 3 51 1 57 3 55 1 55 8 47 6 49 7 52 5 55 6 40 1 35 6 52 4 Namibia 16 8 15 3 12 3 13 2 13 1 13 4 12 4 13 1 12 6 15 9 21 2 17 3 14!1 Niger 21 9 21 5 28 6 27 1 29 6 30 6 31 9 30 6 30 7 33 9 46 9 40 8 29 6 Nigeria 41 1 41 3 49 4 55 8 59 4 48 6 49 5 45 1 4889 Rwanda 30 3 32 1 16 6 39 4 41 3 41 6 35 9 32 0 32 3 32 0 32 8 Sgo Tom6 and Principe 57 4 52 3 57 9 69 1 60 7 60 3 51 8 60 9 63 4 59 3 43 9 58 7 Senegal 17 6 24 1 20 3 23 6 26 5 35 6 32 9 42 2 28 2 31 3 29 6 16 4 13 5 26.8 Seychelles 19 7 22 8 11 0 17 8 17 8 22 3 25 6 24 8 22 9 12 0 20 2 Sierra Leone 21 8 25 2 21 8 13 4 19 6 11 3 24 6 11 2 21 1 17 2 24 0 18 8 Somalza South Africa 25 8 9 6 12 3 9 6 9 2 8 4 7 8 6 9 6 0 5 6 6 8 23 6 10 3 8 5 Sudan 17 0 15 6 14 2 15 1 7 2 7 7 9 1 14 2 21 3 19 6 16 9 14 0 13 9 Swaziland 28 7 25 4 24 7 23 8 18 1 17!1 23 0 20 6 20 1 23 0 22_7 Tanzania 16 7 21 2 20 8 17 6 20 4 17 3 25 8 27 4 30 8 22 5 26 2 22 1 20 8 Togo 15 9 8 8 9 1 15 5 13 9 11 2 19 2 17 7 15 0 15 6 26 0 15 4 Uganda 44 5 55 0 52 2 45 1 44 1 40 2 41 0 40 5 51 1 40 8 39 7 35 1 45 7 Zamnbia 10 5 12 1 10 7 12 5 17 5 32 0 30 1 39 4 44 9 46 9 38 8 11 6 2 2 26 6 Zimbabwe 43 1 18 0 16 8 17 6 14 5 12 7 12 3 6 7 14 2 5 2 2 8 42 7 15 7 13 3 NORTH-IAFRICA 26-2 24 5 22 4 22 0 20 7 20 7 21 4 22 8 24.4 22 0 33 7 23 8 Algeria 63 3 28 2 31 3 31 0 29 4 26 6 25 2 24 8 19 9 27 3 23 6 61 6 46 8 27 1 Egypt, Arab Republic 29 0 20 9 18 1 18 2 18 7 20 0 21 3 28 9 25 2 21 8 39 0 24 6 Libya Morocco 33 4 18 4 20 5 18 4 18 8 16 0 14 5 16 2 15 9 18 4 18 6 65 0 19 2 17 8 Tunisia 28 9 24 8 25 6 21 1 20 9 20 7 22 4 21 9 21 4 24 5 24 4 27 7 21 9 23 2 ALL AFRICA .. 20 2 20 6 20.4 20 2 19.9 20. 1 20 5 19.9 20.6 19 8 26.3 23.8 20.5 Note 2001 data are preliminary (see page 2) Nigeria's fiscal data are for consolidated govemnment starting from 1992 204 Government Finance 7-19. Government expenditure: trends in real defense spending Index 1980=100 Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA .. excluding South Africa .. exci SAfiica & Ngiga Angola Benm Botswana Burkma Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central Afncan Republic 1000 249 4 100 0 109 2 191 7 Chad Comoros Congo, Democratic Rep of Congo' Republic of C6te dIvoire Djibouti Equatonal Guinea Entrea Ethiopia Gabon 100 0 1719 100 0 1621 144 4 Gambia, The Ghana Guinea Gumea-Bissau Kenya 1000 520 435 362 416 486 462 435 416 444 519 775 840 507 Lesotho Libena Madagascar 100 0 100 0 Malawi Mali Mauntama Maunhus Mozambique Nanubta Niger 1000 1874 1000 832 2115 Nigena Rwanda Sao Tome and Pnncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Afnca Sudan Swaziland 100 0 1000 59 0 100 4 Tanzama _ Togo 100 0 136 5 100 0 124 1 146 3 Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe NORTH AFRICA Algena 1000 267 0 1000 III 1 2076 Egypt, Arab Republic 100 0 100 0 108 4 61 9 Libya 100 0 100 0 307 4 156 2 Morocco 100 0 95 5 100 0 82 3 90 8 Tunisia ALL AFRICA Noie Nigeria's fiscal data are for federal level only Nigena's fiscal daia are for consolidated government starting from 1992 Government Finance 205 7-20. Government expenditure: real per capita education spending Constant 1995 U S dollars Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 /999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHA4RAN AItRCA... .... .... ... excluding South Afrtca .. .. . . .. . . exc) S.Africa &Nigena - .2 . ...192 11.26 ,.. . 12.09 Angola Benin 12 16 10 02 9 95 10 47 11 82 15 45 11 71 11 64 Botswana 161 63 BurkinaFaso 3 41 6 23 6 19 7 21 8 26 8 22 8 96 3 34 4 51 7 05 Bw-undi 4 06 3 53 3 06 2 44 1 83 1 12 1 39 1 35 1 14 2 21 Camneroon Cape Verde Centiral Afncan Republic IS 50 Chad 4 46 3 56 3 18 3 13 3 66 3 49 3 98 4 18 5 04 3 85 Comoros 18 26 17 76 14 93 9 79 9 49 9 34 13 26 Congo, Democratic Rep of Congo, Republic of C8te dlvoure 49 30 48 49 36 05 34 11 29 86 31 10 32 86 36 00 40 69 39 30 57 51 40 59 Djibouti Equatonal Guinea Entrea 1 87 3 47 3 47 5 41 4 57 7 89 8 29 8 30 10 52 13 97 6 78 Ethiopia 2 15 2 76 3 49 3 42 4 00 3 96 3 84 4 01 3 63 5 05 2 69 2 53 3 45 Gabon Gambia, The 10 32 10 87 11 17 11 39 11 83 12 39 10 33 10 27 11 06 15 40 11 50 Ghana 14 61 14 32 15 57 14 12 15 37 14 80 Guinea 12 25 12 88 15 88 14 38 10 74 11 59 11 42 11 66 12 60 Guinea-Bissau 3 44 2 01 5 17 7 52 7 56 7 51 2 76 7 24 4 65 4 28 4 41 4 89 Kenya 19 52 20 85 22 20 20 64 21 89 21 26 21 93 23 21 21 71 20 04 19 30 15 53 21 36 21 54 Lesotho 42 22 41 56 47 55 56 04 59 26 58 68 60 46 64 12 61 07 55 64 27 51 51 83 Ltbena Madagascar 5 29 6 00 7 17 7 35 6 45 Malawi 0 00 4 57 4 82 6 02 6 61 7 54 6 20 6 42 6 18 5 37 Mali 795 8 01 7 81 8 55 11 01 9 18 9 79 6 66 6 66 8 90 Mauntania 2 40 24 56 23 70 24 84 25 55 25 50 21 09 Maunstius Mozarmbique 3 40 3 01 2 69 2 80 2 83 3 32 4 02 4 87 4 78 4 93 3 21 2 29 3 55 Namibia Niger 10 95 8 36 Nigena Rwanda Sao Tome and Pnncipe 24 24 15 18 28 98 32 75 25 29 Senegal 23 24 19 53 20 71 22 41 21 18 23 11 20 98 22 04 22 00 21 69 Seychelles Sierra Leone 2 37 3 47 2 92 Somalia South Affnca Sudan 1 42 1 40 1 76 2 44 1 75 Swaziland 76 92 64 25 74 99 Tanzania 3 90 4 74 5 96 4 87 Togo 21 20 19 60 Uganda 5 21 6 53 6 14 8 46 9 30 11 66 12 63 13 22 9 15 Zambia 10 79 8 98 8 40 5 93 11 31 11 99 9 44 10 51 9 26 10 07 Zimbabwe 83 72 54 40 69 06 NORTH AFRICA 45 34 55 00 5839 61 21 61 Oi 46 78 52 io 57 26 Algena Egypt, Arab Republic 29 88 39 84 43 51 48 16 48 19 32 48 41 19 43 11 Libya Morocco 63 78 69 49 72 72 72 03 68 97 61 86 61 37 69 95 Tunisia 88 29 110 16 112 39 113 86 120 82 128 88 92 78 94 45 113 77 ALL AFRICA Note N,geria's fitscal data are for consolidated government stanting from 1992 206 Government Finance Figure 7-1. Government deficit as percentage of GDP, 1992-2001* (percent) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Sao Tome and Principe _ _51 Eritre. Angola Guinea-Bissau i Cape Verde _ I Moz-mbique Malawi | Camoros l Djibouti Rwand. . f i.i.i Burki.n Fasoi Sierra Leone Chad MailI Ghana Zimbabwe Zambia Central AfriMcan Republc Se) cbhdles Ethiopiaii Uganda Madagascar Nligeri i Burundii Togo_=_ Guinea _ Gambia The Benin i MauritiusI Cole d IvoireI i Congo Democratic Republic Sooth Africa Namibia l Sud.. Morocco Lesotho _ § Senegal Tanzania Cameroon Kenya Egypt. Arab Rep Swaziand Gabon rOI Deficit, excl. grants Mauritaois '_ Equatorial Guinen 3 Grants Botswana * Or most recent year available Government Finance 207 Technical notes Tables fiscal stabilization efforts. This indicator is shown as a percentage of current GDP in national currency Table 7-1. Government deficit/surplus (including (World Bank country desks). grants). Overall surplus/deficit is the difference be- tween total revenue plus grants (as defined in GFS Table 7-4. Government expenditure and lending line A-I) and total expenditures and lending minus minus repayments. Total expenditure and lending repayments (as defined in GFS line C-I). It represents minus repayments (as defined in GFS line C-I) repre- the net financing requirement of the consolidated gov- sents the government's total outlays for current or emnment. This indicator is shown as a percentage of capital purposes. Expenditure includes all current GDP in national currency (World Bank coun- nonrepayable payments by the government. Lending try desks). minus repayments comprises government transactions in debt and equity claims upon others, acquired for Table 7-2. Government deficit/surplus (excluding purposes of public policy rather than for managing grants). This is calculated as above, except that capi- government liquidity or eaming a return. It consists tal grants are excluded from receipts (as defined in of gross lending and acquisition of financial equity GFS line A-I1, less line C-I). It is a measure of the minus repayments of past government lending and ability of a government to fund its activities from its government sales of equities. (This definition differs own resources. Because some budgetary grants may from the concept of lending minus repayments adopted be tied to certain expenditures that would not other- in the SNA, which is gross government lending mi- wise be incurred, excluding grants may overstate the nus repayments of past government lending minus net deficit or understate the surplus if no account is taken government borrowing.) In determining a of the expenditures dependent on these grants. This government's deficit or surplus, lending minus repay- indicator is shown as a percentage of current GDP in ments is grouped with expenditures rather than with national currency (World Bank country desks). financing. This indicator is shown as a percentage of current GDP in national currency (World Bank coun- Table 7-3. Government primary deficit/surplus (-/ try desks). +). The primary deficit or surplus is the government deficit or surplus including grants (as presented in Table 7-5. Government interest payments. Govern- Table 7-1) excluding interest expenditures on both ment interest payments (as defined in GFS line C2) domestic and foreign debt (Table 7-5). In countries include interest on all borrowings, both domestic and with large government interest payments, this ratio foreign, but exclude commission charges paid for as- may provide a more reliable indicator for monitoring sistance in placement of debt (which would be classi- 208 Government Finance fied as expenditure for the payment of goods and ser- Table 7-10. Taxes on international trade and trans- vices). This indicator is shown as a percentage of cur- actions. Include import duties, export duties, profits rent GDP in national currency (World Bank country of export or import monopolies remitted to govern- desks). ment, and monopoly profits of monetary authorities made in foreign exchange transactions as well as taxes Table 7-6. Government revenue (excluding grants). levied on the sale of foreign exchange (as defined in Government revenue less grants (as defined in GFS GFS line A6). This indicator is shown as a percent- line A-Il) refers to current revenues (tax and nontax) age of total revenue (as defined in GFS line A-II) and capital revenues, such as proceeds from the sale (World Bank country desks). of real assets, including land. They do not include grant receipts from other governments or international or- Table 7-11. Indirect taxes. These are sales and ex- ganizations. This indicator is shown as a percentage cise taxes and duties (as defined in GFS line A-IV of current GDP in national currency (World Bank less Al). This indicator is shown as a percentage of country desks). total revenue (as defined in GFS line A-II) (World Bank country desks). Table 7-7. Grants to government. These are unre- quited, nonrepayable, noncompulsory government Table 7-12. Nontax revenues (excluding grants). receipts from other governments or international in- This is all nonrepayable government receipts, other stitutions (as defined in GFS line A-II). Grants of than compulsory unrequited receipts (taxes) and rev- goods and services in kind are excluded. This indica- enue from capital sales or government grants, plus all tor is shown as a percentage of current GDP in na- fines and penalties other than for noncompliance with tional currency (World Bank country desks). taxes (as defined in GFS line A-V). For some mineral-exporting countries in Africa, this category Table 7-8. Foreign financing. Includes all govern- is quite large, since royalties on the extraction of min- ment financing transactions except grants (as defined erals, such as petroleum in Egypt and Nigeria and in GFS line D-III) with nonresident individuals, en- bauxite in Guinea, make up significant portions of terprises, governments, international organizations, total government revenues. This indicator is shown and other entities. It may be affected by trading in as a percentage of total revenue (as defined in GFS outstanding government securities between residents line A-II) (World Bank country desks). and nonresidents. The data also reflect changes, re- sulting from transactions but not revaluations, in gov- Table 7-13. Government expenditure: wages and ernment holdings of foreign exchange, deposits in salaries. Are payments in cash, but not in kind, to nonresident financial institutions, and securities issued employees in return for services, before withholding by nonresident entities held by government for liquid- taxes and employee contributions to social security ity purposes (reserves). This indicator is shown as a and pension funds are deducted (as defined in GFS percentage of current GDP in national currency line C1.l). Included are basic wages and salaries; pay (World Bank country desks). for overtime, weekends, and nights; cost of living al- lowances; local allowances and expatriation allow- Table 7-9. Taxes on income and profits. These taxes ances; and similar compensation. Reimbursement to (as defined in GFS line Al) are levied on the actual or employees for expenses incurred as part of their em- presumptive net income of individuals and profits of ployment are excluded. This indicator is shown as a enterprises. Also included are taxes levied on capital percentage of total expenditure and lending minus gains that are realized on land sales, securities, and repayments (as defined in GFS line C-I) (World Bank other assets. This indicator is shown as a percentage country desks). of total revenue (as defined in GFS line A-II) (World Bank country desks). Government Finance 209 Table 7-14. Government expenditure: trends in Table 7-18. Government expenditure: capital and real wages and salaries. Includes expenditure on net lending. Represents payments for acquiring land, wages and salaries as discussed above (as defined in buildings, and other nonfinancial assets to be used GFS line C1.1), deflated by the CPI. For most coun- for more than one year in the process of production, tnes the trend is shown in index numbers beginning including transfers for capital assets as well as net with 100 in 1987 (World Bank country desks). lending (as defined in GFS lines C-IV plus C-V). This indicator is presented as a percentage of total expen- Table 7-15. Government expenditure: other goods diture and lending minus repayments (as defined in and services. Includes expenditures for all goods and GFS line C-I) (World Bank country desks). services (except fixed capital assets and wages and salaries) bought on the market, goods and services to Table 7-19. Government expenditure: trends in real be used to produce fixed capital assets, strategic or defense spending. Real defense spending has been emergency stocks, stocks held by market regulatory calculated by deflating defense spending in current organizations, and land and intangible assets. This prices national currency (IMF, as defined in GFS line category encompasses purchases of matenals, office B2) by the national GDP deflator (Table 3-1). The supplies, fuel and lighting, travel services, and pay- results are presented in the form of 1980 base indexes ment of rent, as well as payments in kind to certain civil servants (as defined in GFS line C1.3). This in- Table 7-20. Government expenditure: real per dicator is presented as a percentage of total expendi- capita education spending. Presents education spend- ture and lending minus repayments (as defined in GFS ing (IMF, as defined in GFS line B4) deflated by the lines C-I) (World Bank country desks). national GDP deflator (Table 3-1) and divided by to- tal population (Table 2-1). The result is converted into Table 7-16. Government expenditure: interest pay- 1995 U.S dollars by using the 1995 local currency/ ments. Are payments for the use of all borrowed US dollar conversion factor (Table 3-6) money, excluding commission charges paid for as- sistance in placing debt, which would be classified as Figure expenditures for payment of other goods and services (as defined in GFS line C2). This indicator is pre- The following indicators have been used to derive the sented as a percentage of total expenditure and lend- figure in this chapter: ing minus repayments (as defined in GFS lines C-I) (World Bank country desks). Figure 7-1. Government deficit/surplus (Tables 7-1 and 7-2). Table 7-17. Government expenditure: subsidies and current transfers. Are all unrequited, nonrepayable government payments for current purposes (as defined in GFS line C3). Transfers for capital purposes (that is, to permit the recipient to acquire capital assets) and transfers in kind are excluded. This indicator is presented as a percentage of total expenditure and lend- ing minus repayments (as defined in GFS line C-I) (World Bank country desks). 210 Government Finance Methodology used for regional aggregations and period averages in chapter 7 Aggregations' Period averages b Table (6) (7) (1) 7-1 x x 7-2 x x 7-3 x x 7-4 x x 7-5 x x 7-6 x x 7-7 x x 7-8 x x 7-9 x x 7-10 x x 7-11 x x 7-12 x x 7-13 x x 7-14 x x 7-15 x x 7-16 x x 7-17 x x 7-18 x x 7-19 x x 7-20 x x Note Regional aggregations are shown in the rows for Sub-Saharan Afnca, North Afnca, and All Afnca Penod averages are shown in the last three columns This table shows only the methodologies used in this chapter For aggregation purposes, all data used in this chapter were converted to U S dollars, using the conversion factors shown in Table 3-6 a Regional aggregations (I) simple total, (2) simple total of the first indicator divided by the simple total of the second indicator (same country coverage), (3) simple total of the gap-filled indicator, (4) simple total of the gap-filled main indicator divided by the simple total of the gap-filled secondary indicator, (5) simple total of the first gap-filled main indicator less the simple total of the second gap-filled masn indicator, all divided by the simple total of the secondary indicator, (6) weighted total (by population); (7) median, (8) no aggregation, (9) simple anthmetic mean b Penod averages (I) anthmetic mean (using the same senes as shown in the table i e, ratio if the rest of the table is shown as ratio, level if the rest of the table is shown as level, growth rate if the rest is shown as growth rate), (2) least-squares growth rate (using main indicator), (3) least-squares growth rate (using main indicator in constant tenms, with the rest of the table in cufrent terms) Agriculture A griculture is one of Africa's important sectors. The data in this chapter are estimates based on a AAfncan agriculture has two major components: variety of sources whose quality and reliability vary food production and export commodities. Food from country to country and year to year Further- production, including meat, is the livelihood for most more, production and export data are probably un- Africans. Export crops provide many African coun- derestimated for two reasons. It is difficult to esti- tries with their main source of foreign exchange and mate production levels of staple food crops, especially thus the capacity to import, invest, and develop. The roots and tubers, when much of the output is con- information in this chapter provides a basis for as- sumed directly by farmers, rather than marketed. sessing recent trends in producer prices, aggregate Moreover, parallel market activity, including trade, agricultural production and trade, cereal imports, and may not be fully accounted for food aid in Africa. 211 212 Agriculture 8-1. Nominal producer prices Local currency per kilogram 1980 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 ALGERIA Wheat (hard) 12 2 2 2 2 2 7 3 7 4 6 5 4 10 3 10 3 10 3 19 0 Cinus (oranges) Dates 45 113 115 Barley 08 14 17 17 23 23 23 47 47 60 140 Potatoes 13 26 28 27 30 33 33 65 65 65 100 ANGOLA Coffee 67 0 67 0 67 0 67 0 135 0 158 0 Matze 100 100 115 115 115 1000 Millet 40 100 100 100 100 100 1000 Wheat 45 175 175 175 175 175 2000 Cassava 5 0 5 0 7 7 7 7 7 7 150 0 Sweet potatoes 2 5 7 5 7 5 14 0 14 0 14 0 200 0 BENIN Cotton (seed cotton) 65 0 110 0 100 0 105 0 95 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 94 8 Palm kemels 35 0 20 0 20 0 30 0 30 0 30 0 35 0 35 0 Maize 40 0 65 0 68 0 64 0 55 0 85 0 58 0 62 0 53 0 Sorghum 46 0 65 0 72 0 67 0 60 0 60 0 63 0 65 0 55 0 Cassava 300 150 200 160 160 160 170 175 182 Yams 32 0 50 0 58 0 49 0 49 0 49 0 49 0 50 0 52 0 BOTSWANA Groundnuts(m shell) 02 07 07 07 07 0.7 1 1 10 14 Sorghum 01 0 3 0 3 03 03 03 03 04 04 Maize 0 1 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 04 BURKINA FASO Cotton (seed cotton) 55 0 97 2 89 7 94 4 94 6 95 0 Groundnuts(in shell) 540 500 600 550 600 600 Sesauie seed 70 0 80 0 55 0 65 0 85 0 80 0 Sorghum 45 0 40 0 45 0 40 0 45 0 60 0 Millet 45 0 40 0 45 0 40 0 45 0 60 0 Maize 45 0 45 0 55 0 45 0 50 0 65 0 BURUNDI Coffee (green) Tea Cotton (seed) 36 1 519 52 6 55 3 57 8 60 2 62 4 64 4 Maize 25 0 Sorghum 20 0 Rlice 25 0 Millet 20 0 Bananas Cassava 10 9 CAMEROON Coffee (Arabica) 320 0 475 0 475 0 475 0 458 0 186 0 165 0 Cocoa (grade 1, supenor) 300 0 420 0 420 0 42 0 250 0 220 0 200 0 200 0 200 0 Cotton (seed cotton, nonselected) 70 0 130 0 130 0 140 0 950 950 95 0 85 0 Maize 60 0 83 2 76 8 82 4 57 0 51 7 Sorghum 40 0 38 9 60 6 47 2 43 0 77 9 Millet 40 0 38 9 606 47 2 43 0 77 9 Rice (paddy) 105 0 910 64 7 77 5 82 7 53 5 Cassava 19 0 48 0 46 6 41 7 Plantains 25 0 45 3 46 7 47 3 54 0 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Coffee (Robusta, chemes) 120 0 135 0 135 0 190 0 110 0 80 0 40 0 40 0 120 0 120 0 240 0 Cotton (seed cotton) 60 0 1000 100to0 1000 00 0 68 5 60 0 60 0 87 0 117 0 Sorghum 103 5 128 3 107 7 92 5 136 7 168 9 Maize 40 0 65 3 67 7 104 3 111 6 136 0 271 0 Groundnuts (unshelled) 70 0 .. 171 7 217 6 526 3 Cassava 30 0 76 2 89 5 57 5 103 7 119 2 176 6 Yams 25 0 1071 910 124 5 86 6 222 5 CHAD Cotton (seed cotton, avg white/yellow) 99 0 99 0 97 0 88 0 88 0 88 0 77 0 89 0 Millet 310 310 480 470 520 620 410 410 Groundnuts 57 0 46 0 44 0 46 0 48 0 70 0 67 0 77 0 (Table conttnues on the tolloving page) Agriculture 213 8-1. Nominal producer prices (continued) Local currency per kilogram 1980 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Vanilla 1150 0 Cloves 1250 0 Ylang Ylang (flower) 45 0 90 0 65 0 65 0 Copra 40 0 Bananas 50 0 Cassava 40 0 Coffee (Arabica, green beans) 4 0 42 6 69 3 107 5 166 9 440 5 13837 3 Palm oil 21 23.0 37 6 59 4 93 8 247 7 7778 7 Rubber (natural) Cocoa (beans) 30 0 50 0 Maize 12 7 5 101 25 8 40 3 106 4 Rice(paddy) 20 115 170 287 452 1194 Cassava 13 3 0 3 9 8 4 13 2 34 7 1090 8 Plantains 2 9 Coffee 1460 2150 2150 1150 1150 1150 1150 1150 1150 Cocoa 134 8 190 0 240 0 108 0 108 0 88 0 88 0 88 0 88 0 88 0 88 0 Maize 43 0 73 0 85 0 60 0 60 0 60 0 60 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 Cassava Plantains Coffee (Robusta, green) 310 6 399 5 400 0 400 0 404 0 419 0 390 0 232 0 200 0 530 0 700 0 Cocoa (beans) 300 0 400 0 400 0 400 0 400 0 200 0 200 0 200 0 200 0 315 0 320 0 Palm oil 213 8 213 8 213 8 190 0 190 0 190 0 225 0 225 0 Rice (paddy) 50 0 84 0 84 0 60 0 60 0 60 0 60 0 60 0 75 0 75 0 110 0 Maize 680 760 45 0 45 0 45 0 45 0 45 0 Cassava 49 0 46 0 Yams 59 0 99 9 coton 03 06 07 09 13 17 20 24 24 21 Rice(96%humidity) 01 02 02 03 04 04 04 05 05 06 Wheat (94% humidity) 01 02 0 2 0 2 04 05 05 05 05 0 5 Sugarcane 00 00 000 0 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 Broadbeans 02 05 06 06 06 07 09 1 1 10 10 Cocoa (first grade dried beans) Coffee (Robusta, cherry) Cassava Plantains Coffee (Arabica, beans) 2 6 3 7 41 4 2 4 2 4 2 31 31 Sesame seed 11 II 13 13 14 17 Sorghum (mixed) 0 5 0 4 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 8 0 8 Maize 05 04 04 05 04 06 07 Barley (non-white mixed) 0 5 0 4 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 7 0 9 Cocoa (first quality) 320 0 430 0 430 0 370 0 210 0 224 0 224 0 269 0 260 0 Coffee (merchant, processed) 180 0 0 0 260 0 260 0 130.0 130 0 150 0 147 0 Maize Cassava 139 5 Yams 124 5 Groundnuts (unshelled) 0 5 1 8 1 5 1 1 1 5 1 8 Cotton (seed cotton) 0 5 13 1 5 1 6 1 8 1 9 1 9 2 0 2 0 2 2 2 2 Palm kernels 0 3 0 3 Millet 05 1 1 12 12 15 19 19 Rice(paddy) .. .. 21 2 1 3 4 2 8 2 7 Maize 00 12 12 14 21 19 Sorghum 0 3 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 19 (Table continues on the tollowing page) 214 Agriculture 8-1. Nominal producer prices (continued) Local currency per kilogram 1980 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Cocoa 4 0 80 3 1013 153 8 Maize 41 25 0 420 480 35 8 869 69,5 83 5 93 7 Millet 53 24.2 360 833 897 77.9 1135 1414 1499 Groundnuts 8 4 Cassava 1 5 8 8 10 8 12 9 10 0 10 0 15 8 22 5 25.3 Plantains 19 15 0 18 6 43 0 45 9 27 8 26 8 35 5 914 Coffee (Robusta) 49 0 400 0 400 0 Palm kernels 6.0 60 0 60 0 Rice (paddy) 9 0 . 168 0 166 0 Maize 7 0 . . 130 0 144 0 Groundnuts (unshelled) 11 0 . . 250 0 213 0 Cassava 5 0 . 810 Plantains 4.5 Cashew nuts . 38 5 125.0 230 0 350.0 450.0 550 0 1000 0 3500 0 Groundnuts (unshelled, grade 1) 32 5 40.0 80 0 140 0 225 0 275 0 500 0 1000 0 Palm kemels Rice (paddy, grade 1) 8 5 37 5 50 0 85 0 180 0 225 0 400 0 650 0 1100 0 Sorghum Maize (grade 1) , . 740 0 Coffee (Arabica, washed bean, grade 1-6) 26 4 54 8 34 1 43 0 43.1 36 4 46 5 49.4 98.9 Tea 159 338 250 268 272 352 385 475 924 Sugar(cane) 0.1 03 03 04 04 05 05 0.6 08 Sisal 4.2 74 71 74 89 9.2 94 98 99 Maize 10 21 2.1 2 2 2 7 2 6 31 4.7 81 Wheat 16 29 30 32 34 45 50 56 57 Wheat 0.2 04 05 05 06 08 Beans 0.5 1 1 1.3 13 14 Peas 0.4 0 9 0.9 1 1 1.2 1 2 Maize 0.1 03 03 04 0.4 04 0.5 0.6 06 06 Sorghum 02 02 0.3 03 03 03 . 05 06 Rubber (nonspec coagul) 0 8 1 0 1 0 Coffee (Robusta) 21 16 1.6 Cocoa (fair average quality) 2 1 2 3 2.3 Rice 0 3 0 3 0.3 0.3 Cassava 00 0 1 01 01 Wheat 0 0 Olives Oranges Barley * Coffee (Robusta) 2150 6000 8000 950.0 950.0 9500 Vanilla(green) 6000 11000 1200.0 17000 2000.0 20000 20000 Cloves 395 0 525 0 600 0 600 0 600.0 600.0 Rice (paddy) 42.5 100 0 127.5 180.0 250.0 250 0 274 0 Cassava 7 0 55 0 55 0 .. 124 0 Sweet potatoes 50 0 60 0 60 0 60 0 . 116 0 Tobacco (flue-cured) . .. Tobacco (Northen division dark-fired, G2) 0 4 10 1° 0 11 1 7 2 5 2 8 2 8 2 8 35 6 0 Tea(dryleaves) 07 10 10 15 16 20 20 25 25 30 50 Groundnuts (in shell) 0 3 0 5 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 8 0 7 0 9 1 1 1 6 2 5 Coton (seed cotton) 0 5 0 5 0.7 0 8 0 8 0 8 0.9 0 9 1.0 2 5 Maize 0.1 01 01 0.2 02 03 03 03 04 05 07 Sorghum 01 02 01 0.1 02 02 00 00 0.7 08 1 1 Rice (paddy, grade 1) 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 3 0 3 0 4 0 4 0.5 0 9 1 5 1 8 Cassava 00 0.1 0.1 01 (Table continues on the tollowing page) Agriculture 215 8-1. Nominal producer prices (continued) Local currency per kilogram 1980 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 MALI Cotton (seed conon) 55 0 85 0 85 0 85 0 85 0 85 0 85 0 850 Groundnuts (unshelled) 40 0 Millet 35 0 55 0 55 0 00 00 77 0 415 420 Rice(paddy) 37 5 700 700 700 700 700 700 68 0 Sorghum 35 0 55 0 55 0 58 0 60 0 610 Maize 35 0 55 0 55 0 54 0 35 0 35 0 MAlRITANIA Sorghum 110 154 154 160 160 160 165 165 168 170 172 Millet 11.0 Rice (paddy) 10 0 Maize 15 0 MA1JUTlS Sugarcane Tea 92 74 103 104 135 134 168 164 Maize(12%moisture) 20 43 43 48 48 48 48 50 50 Rice (paddy, 14% moisture) 14 4 9 4 9 5 0 7 0 Potatoes 22 19 25 25 28 31 37 41 47 Omons 42 42 48 58 57 71 78 77 76 MOROCCO Citrus (oranges) 13 16 16 17 1 8 19 2 0 21 2 2 2 3 2 4 Cotton 32 60 60 60 67 00 67 57 57 Wheat(hard) 15 22 22 21 23 25 25 29 29 25 Sugarbeet (16 5% sugar) 01 02 02 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 3 0 3 0 3 Barley 13 13 13 1.2 13 15 15 2 0 2 0 21 MOZAMBIQUE Cashewnuts 75 13 2 86 0 Cotton (seed, pnme grade) 110 16 0 65 0 Tea 25 6 Maize Rice 62 160 480 Cassava 2 0 NAMEBIA Wheat 04 04 04 05 06 06 07 07 07 Maize(white) 0 3 0 3 04 0 4 04 0 5 0 5 06 0 7 NIGER Cowpeas 450 80 0 80 0 Cotton (unginned, top grade) 62 0 120 0 120 0 120 0 130 0 110 0 70 0 70 0 77 0 Groundnuts (in shell) 50 0 130 0 130 0 130 0 132 0 133 0 134 0 135 0 140 0 143 8 146 4 Millet 50 0 Sorghum (red) 50 0 NIGERIA Cocoa (bean) 13 35 75 11 0 101 85 10 2 12 7 Palm kemels 02 04 09 10 13 12 Cotton (seedcotton) 04 10 4 0 45 2 4 2 6 4 2 38 Groundnuts (in shell) 04 10 2 3 2 3 4 8 4 3 63 6 8 19 7 106 Sorghum 02 06 08 16 20 17 36 47 70 53 Mlilet 02 06 06 13 21 17 34 57 66 62 Maize 02 05 06 16 27 21 33 55 75 56 Rice(paddy) 03 1.0 23 38 63 63 75 126 188 123 Yams 10 09 20 24 23 26 59 117 144 Cassava (gan) 0 3 04 0 8 12 2 2 21 2 3 46 4 5 RWANDA Coffee 1200 1225 1250 1250 1250 997 1074 1150 4270 Tea 750 750 750 Beans (dry) 20.3 22 3 28 6. 30 5 38 4 37 9 40 8 40 2 90 0 Sorghum 127 202 202 193 233 245 293 336 1410 Maize 119 156 154 136 247 269 324 290 450 Bananas 106 107 127 159 149 Sweet potatoes 5 7 61 6 2 55 94 9 8 99 6 8 24 0 (Table continues on the tollowing page) 216 Agriculture 8-1. Nominal producer prices (continued) Local currency per kilogram 1980 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 SAO TOME & PRINCIPE Cocoa 16 5 24 0 25.0 26 0 27.0 28 0 29 0 30 0 Maize 19 25 26 2.6 27 27 28 28 Cassava 21 2 7 2 7 2 8 2.8 2 9 2.9 3.0 SEgGA~L Groundnuts (in shell) 50 0 90 0 90 0 70 0 70.0 70.0 70 0 70.0 100.0 120 0 125 0 Conon (seed ctton, first quality) 60 0 100 0 100.0 100.0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 115.0 150 0 170 0 Mlilet 40.0 70 0 70 0 70 0 70 0 70 0 70.0 70.0 70 0 70 0 70 0 Rice (paddy) 41 5 85 0 85 0 85.0 85 0 85 0 85 0 85 0 90 0 Maize 37 0 70 0 70 0 70.0 70.0 70 0 70 0 70 0 70 0 70.0 70 0 Sorghum 40 0 70 0 70 0 70.0 70 0 70 0 70 0 70.0 70 0 70.0 70 0 SIERRA LEONE Cocoa 21 17 8 30 2 30 2 Coffee (Robusta) 2 0 25 0 40 3 Palmkernels 0.2 1 1 13 .. Rice (paddy) 0.4 2.8 7.4 22 2 29.0 37 0 44 4 Cassava 0 3 4 9 SOMALIA Bananas Maize 5 5 21 4 34 5 Sorghum 5 8 18 9 22 7 Sesame (seed) 25 2 616 76 4 SOUTH AFRICA Maize 0.1 02 03 03 03 03 04 05 04 04 06 Wheat 02 0.4 04 04 05 05 06 07 08 08 08 Sugarcane 00 00 00 00 ° 0.1 01 01 01 01 00 Sorghum 01 02 02 02 02 02 03 0.5 05 04 04 Barley 02 03 03 03 04 05 0.5 06 07 07 07 SUDAN Cotton (seed ctton, long-staple, grade 1) 0 4 1 8 2 5 4 3 4 8 6 7 14 1 37 2 Groundnuts(El-Obeid,inshell) 02 1 1 12 18 44 235 21 1 226 Sesame (El-Obeid, mixed) 0.3 1 3 1 6 5 0 6 5 12 7 30 9 41 6 Gum arabic (El-Obeid) 0 0 6 8 9 0 9 4 10 2 10 3 18 9 17 8 Sorghum 01 02 08 09 19 114 66 118 Wheat 02 07 10 23 29 57 83 11.4 333 SWAZMLAND Sugarcane (sucrose) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Citrus 02 0.4 02 04 04 Pineapple 0 0 0 3 0 2 0 2 0 3 04 0 5 0.5 0.5 0 6 06 Cotton (seedcotton) 0 5 09 0 9 1 1 1 1 Maize 01 03 03 03 04 TANZANIA Coffee (Arabica) (parchment) 9 0 50 8 66 0 90 0 Cotton (seed cotton, AR) 3 2 16 9 19.5 22 4 28 0 Tea (green leaves) 1 5 7.6 9 9 13 4 Maize 10 6 3 8 2 9 0 11.0 Sorghum 1.0 4 8 60 00 00 .. Rice (paddy) 1 8 9 6 14 4 17 3 19.0 Mlilet 15 4 8 6.0 6 6 7.3 Cassava (grade 1, Makopa) 0.7 3.6 4.5 5 0 5 5 TO.O Coffee (Robusta) 200.0 365 0 400 0 350 0 175 0 175 0 185 0 140 0 350 0 650 0 Cocoa 220 0 330 0 360 0 300 0 225 0 250 0 250 0 225 0 300 0 550 0 Coton (seed cotton) 52 0 105 0 105 0 95 0 95 0 100 0 100 0 90.0 110 0 145 0 Maize 684 73 0 720 790 60.0 610 58.0 730 43.0 620 Sorghum 68 0 76 0 66 0 98 0 69.0 68.0 67 0 92 0 64 0 68 0 Mllet 66 7 59 0 61 0 87 0 72 0 58 0 75 0 87 0 610 52 0 Cassava 20 3 30 0 32 0 26.0 30 0 23 0 28 0 29 0 30 0 31 0 Yams 48 5 610 63 0 63.0 68 0 68 0 660 66 0 63 0 590 (Table continues on the tollowing page) Agriculture 217 8-1. Nominal producer prices Local currency per kilogram 1980 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 TUNISIA Olives 0.1 01 02 02 02 02 03 03 03 03 03 Citrus (oranges) 0.1 01 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 3 0 3 Wheat 01 02 02 02 02 02 02 03 03 03 03 Barley 01 01 0.1 01 01 02 02 02 02 02 02 UGANDA Coffee 01 85 240 445 600 975 2100 1900 Cotton (seed cotton) 0 2 4 0 19 0 56 0 105 0 175 0 286 7 340 0 Tea (greenleaf) 0.0 5 0 10 0 20 0 35 0 38 3 45.0 70 0 Millet 0.2 7 4 17 6 30 7 109 6 134 8 142 6 294 3 Maize 01 4 6 113 26 0 82 9 72 0 80 0 225 0 Sorghum 01 54 183 30.5 846 1040 1153 2373 Cassava 01 2 3 9 3 22 5 35 5 39 5 76 0 163 0 Plantains 01 3 9 7 5 13 6 46 9 51 2 64 5 156 7 ZAMBIA Cotton (seed cotton) 0 5 10 1 6 3 0 3 6 9 7 Tobacco (Virginia) 1.6 51 6 3 14 0 14 4 60 0 94 5 Sunflower (seeds) 0 3 0 8 14 18 3 2 6 4 11 4 Maize 01 06 09 09 12 32 56 Wheat 0 2 1 0 1 2 2 1 5 4 8.6 Cassava 0 6 0 7 10 1 4 3 2 5 4 ZIMBABWE Tobacco 08 31 22 39 40 65 116 81 65 Cotton (seed coton) 0 4 0 8 0 8 0 9 1 1 1 4 16 14 2 6 Sugarcane 0 0 Maize 01 02 02 02 02 02 03 06 09 Wheat 02 03 03 04 04 05 05 10 15 Notes The categones of crops are defined in the technical notes Categones are mutually exclusive, and ordenng is intended to reflect relative importance of these crops as of 1986-88 In many cases official markets operate simultaneously with parallel or open market activites Where a large majonty of marketed production is believed to pass through the official channels, the official pnce is also reported as the farmgate pnce In most cases, only very rough estimates of the share of marketed production passing through each channel is available The CPI is based in 1987 rescaled from pnce index based in 1980 For each country one to four export crops (Xl, ,X4) are presented in order of importance, in terms of value of total production Similarly, up to three traded food crops (Fl, ,F3) and two nontraded staples (NTI,NT2) are included 2 18 Agriculture 8-2. Food price index Average annual Index (average 1995 = 100) percentage growth 1980 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 75-84 85-89 90-AM SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 12 65 72 76 90 100 108 122 128 127 136 . 13 9 9 7 excluchngSouth Afrtca 11 66 71 74 90 100 109 123 129 127 133 . 1 II 96 excl, S.Afnica & Nigeria 14 67 72 76 89 100 108 122 128 127 133 12A 8 9 Angola ° ° ° 4 100 Benin 67 73 78 84 100 too 103 III 110 6 8 Botswana 18 61 72 83 90 100 113 125 132 142 148 9 6 11 0 Burkma Faso 87 81 76 89 100 115 122 136 127 -2 6 6 0 Bunmndi 35 74 73 72 85 100 3 3 6 3 Cameroon 63 89 88 9 1 94 100 106 112 116 117 III 0 7 25 Cape Verde Central Afncan Republic 0 69 68 65 81 100 106 107 104 100 104 -2 1 5 1 Chad 76 73 63 95 100 114 124 128 112 121 6 7 Comoros Congo, Democratic Rep of Congo, Repubic of 42 65 59 63 94 100 114 134 133 140 -l 0 9 9 Cote d'lvoire Djibouti Equatonal Guinea Entrea Ethiopia 34 71 80 81 89 100 100 100 102 III 110 0 4 7 5 Gabon 83 69 70 93 100 101 107 110 109 0 1 4 5 Gambia, The 14 79 86 93 92 100 101 103 106 110 24 8 5 1 Ghana 1 36 39 49 62 100 136 164 199 216 242 23 1 25 8 Guinea 70 81 88 93 100 101 11 2 Guinea-Bissau Kenya 0 40 54 78 102 100 108 125 130 132 136 16 1 Lesotho 15 61 76 84 89 100 III 12 9 13 4 Libena Madagascar 7 38 44 47 66 100 119 124 131 147 168 13 8 18 7 Malawi 5 23 30 37 52 100 145 157 201 287 344 21 1 34 3 Mali Mauntania 78 83 88 94 100 107 113 121 127 131 6 2 Mauntius 74 76 87 95 100 105 113 120 127 129 6 7 6 9 Mozambique Nanubia 62 74 79 90 100 107 115 118 14 3 10 3 Niger 68 67 66 76 87 100 115 123 464 8 1 Nigena 4 29 43 68 100 100 224 243 259 23 1 35 0 Rwanda S3O Tome and Pnncipe Senegal 43 68 67 66 91 100 101 102 106 106 105 0 6 5 4 Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Afnca 12 60 76 81 92 100 106 116 123 129 139 17 3 10 8 Sudan Swaziland Tanzania 3 41 51 64 80 100 125 161 1,829 1,990 2,125 31 3 51 3 Togo Uganda 58 96 92 96 100 107 13 4 Zambia 0 5 17 50 75 100 146 176 219 57 7 80 1 Zimbabwe 6 29 45 62 78 100 127 149 208 349 520 11 8 33 4 NORTH AFRICA 23 71 75 85 92 IQO 106 110 114 119 123 10.1 7 3 Algenia 13 35 44 55 78 100 122 127 136 137 135 9.7 19 3 Egypt, Arab Republic 11 71 77 83 91 100 108 112 116 124 127 21 6 8 1 Libya Morocco 32 70 74 87 93 100 101 100 103 102 103 3 7 5 3 Tunisia 34 83 86 89 92 too 104 108 111 114 119 7 74 4 6 ALL AFRIUCA 13 67 73 76 90 100 10S 119 123 127 131 . 14 5 9 0 Agriculture 219 8-3. Food production index Average annual Index (average 1989-9] 100) percentage growth 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 200) 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUTB-SAHARAN AFRICA 78 107 112 115 116 124 124 130 133 134 135 0,9 4.1 2.7 excludring South Afria 77 109 113 116 119 125 125 132 135 136 137 0 9 4A1 2.8 excl. SAfrica &Nigenia 8 1 104 107 110 112 117 116 123 126 125 127 1.0 3.3 2 2 Angola 91 HII 109 125 123 128 129 148 142 148 149 -0 7 1 2 39 Benm 62 109 III 117 128 136 154 151 154 160 159 3 I 3 7 4 9 Botswana 73 103 103 95 II1 106 95 90 94 96 96 0 7 -1 9 -0 5 Burkina Faso 59 115 121 116 119 127 117 137 143 126 137 2 4 6 7 2 9 Burundi 79 108 107 90 97 98 97 92 92 87 96 0 3 3 4 -0 9 Camneroon 80 105 110 114 119 125 122 127 133 128 132 0 7 2 0 2 8 Cape Verde 53 104 121 94 123 114 110 128 154 133 136 1 8 21 6 3 1 Central Afncan Republic 80 107 109 112 115 129 126 130 133 142 143 2 0 4 9 3 4 Chad 82 113 98 112 116 121 136 160 144 135 135 1 3 6 3 3 8 Comoros 83 104 110 109 116 113 116 124 132 121 122 0 7 3 8 2 2 Congo, Democratic Rep of 73 105 104 106 92 91 89 90 88 85 83 2 3 3 3 -1 8 Congo, Republic of 83 100 102 109 114 119 120 118 126 129 130 2 2 1 6 2 6 C6te dIlvoire 70 104 106 107 122 132 132 133 136 143 134 4 1 3 7 3 5 Djibouti 53 83 77 83 85 87 88 88 90 90 90 11 0 9 2 -0 7 Equatorial Guinea 7 1 106 102 104 108 III III III 117 116 115 0 0 2 0 1 7 Eritrea 85 117 108 104 104 150 135 119 127 4 2 Ethiopia 107 107 119 138 139 128 136 145 142 3 8 Gabon 80 103 101 103 105 108 110 113 114 117 117 3 0 3 0 1 6 Gwmbia, The 72 74 87 91 88 69 90 87 126 140 153 -II1 3 7 3 0 Ghana 69 117 125 120 138 148 144 157 165 170 174 -1 6 4 1 5 5 Guinea 98 116 118 122 128 132 138 146 149 159 159 0 9 -1 8 4 5 Guinea-Bissau 66 105 106 108 112 116 126 129 135 140 145 3 3 2 2 3 4 Kenya 66 98 93 104 103 104 106 109 109 108 106 2 2 7 4 0 9 Lesotho 89 88 100 108 89 III 115 97 94 128 129 0 9 3 1 16 Libena Madagascar 85 102 106 104 108 110 112 III 114 107 107 II 1 10 Malawi 91 77 112 88 105 120 115 142 157 162 163 1 7 1 1 5 3 Mali 74 100 lOS 110 109 104 105 115 122 112 125 3 2 5 5 18 Mauritania 87 95 94 96 101 107 105 107 106 III 112 2 8 3 5 1 2 Mauntius 78 107 105 99 106 108 116 III 87 106 112 -0 3 1 8 0 5 Mozwnbique 102 81 93 90 108 123 130 139 141 121 124 -1 5 II 3 5 Nansibia 109 105 108 114 110 118 85 95 123 116 115 -2 6 5 4 0 9 Niger 100 112 97 118 III 122 101 152 136 126 146 2 7 6 4 3 3 Nigenia 58 117 123 127 132 140 143 150 154 157 157 0 6 7 1 4 5 Rwanda 83 108 82 56 66 76 79 85 90 III 110 4 1 0 3 0 2 S8o Tomt and Prncipe 112 123 127 131 125 134 139 148 159 166 166 -2 5 0 5 4 6 Senegal 59 91 101 104 116 108 101 100 137 136 137 -3 6 8 5 2 8 Seychelles 132 100 93 116 143 139 143 128 135 138 138 -0 2 -6 0 3 6 Sierra Leone 85 93 92 98 92 97 102 95 85 80 80 0 8 2 1 -1 5 Somalia South Africa 89 86 97 102 89 105 106 101 107 III 105 0 6 4 2 1 0 Sudan 102 127 117 139 141 155 157 161 158 160 168 1 3 1 2 5 0 Swaziland 81 99 94 97 88 97 88 90 93 87 87 3 3 1.2 -1 2 Tanzania 74 95 97 96 101 103 97 lOS 106 101 104 3 6 2 2 0 5 Togo 77 98 116 109 107 129 130 122 135 132 132 1 2 3 8 2 9 Uganda 66 104 110 107 112 103 106 118 127 131 137 -1 8 3 8 2 5 Zambia 74 82 117 102 95 114 99 93 105 105 108 -1 4 8 5 0 5 Zimbabwe 78 64 92 101 75 103 106 94 103 117 110 -1 9 4 0 1 6 NORTH AFRICA 71 113 114 115 117 142 130 141 146 146 150 1 7 4 9 3 5 Algeria 69 119 113 104 120 142 113 129 134 127 139 0 3 42 2 Egypt,Arab Republic 69 III 114 115 126 137 142 142 152 158 158 2 1 4 4 4 6 Libya 82 102 103 110 120 127 133 160 148 161 163 5 0 0 8 5 1 Morocco 58 83 83 108 73 114 97 112 106 100 106 2 0 10 3 1 1 Tunisia 73 104 116 84 82 143 98 124 136 134 127 0 5 -0 4 3 1 ALI,AFRICA 76 109 112 l15 117 127 125 132 136 136 138 1.0 4.3 29 220 Agriculture 8-4. Nonfood production index Average annual Index (average 1989-91 = 100) percentage growth 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR $UB-SAJ{ARA2N AFRICA 80 98 95 too 10 1,09 113 104 104 97 109 2,0 1.0 0.6 excluding South Africa 77 100 96 100 100 110 114 '105 104 97 110 2.1 1.3 0.7 excl S.Africa& Nigecsa 80 98 96 101 100 109 113 104, 104 97 109 2 0 1.0 0.6 Angola 209 89 95 85 90 90 94 97 82 92 92 -19 4 -0 8 -088 Benin 1 2 117 195 174 219 280 261 253 208 257 238 8 1 3 9 9 9 Botswana 100 100 100 100 100 100 81 75 77 8 1 8 1 0 0 0 0 -2 5 BurkmnaFaso 35 100 92 95 9 1 125 205 194 178 155 162 8 9 10 5 6 5 Burundi 59 113 87 114 80 76 58 59 86 66 81 5 3 3 4 -3 8 Cameroon 86 9 1 88 98 112 126 100 127 127 133 129 3 5 0 9 3 1 Cape Verde 94 21 21 2 1 21 2 1 21 21 21 21 21 -3 0 6 1 -11 6 Central African Republic 89 73 60 94 89 132 125 107 107 83 86 -0 5 -0 5 0 7 Chad 5 1 115 60 99 99 138 166 103 119 94 113 -44 11 2 1 8 Comoros 64 75 59 149 69 79 69 103 79 65 79- -5 0 4 6 -2 1 Congo, Democratic Rep of 105 94 92 90 87 79 77 65 59 54 49 0 6 -3 6 -5 9 Congo, Republic of 156 93 91 92 94 90 78 61 82 84 86 0 0 -5 1 -2 3 C6te d'lvoire 77 96 76 80 83 82 114 91 104 148 118 0 2 12 5 2 0 Djibouti Equatonal Guinea 92 85 85 78 70 63 54 52 55 55 55 2 2 0 4 -6 2 Entrea 96 99 98 99 99 99 99 97 102 0 3 Ethiopia 89 101 109 116 110 109 104 110 109 1 5 Gabon 36 67 93 124 142 209 284 307 307 307 307 19 5 21 2 14 4 Gambia, The 55 123 157 135 84 79 5 I 25 26 26 26 22 5 3 9 -14 2 Ghana 86 180 243 180 188 248 254 321 274 294 304 -6 0 4 4 11 2 Guinea 48 120 120 117 112 96 105 127 146 177 177 0 9 II1 4 4 Gumnea-Bissau I11 66 83 75 109 109 100 100 126 126 126 25 0 -7 5 3 2 Kenya 62 94 99 99 115 119 104 120 III 115 110 6 1 4 5 1 5 Lesothio 87 176 176 176 180 116 123 85 85 92 92 2 0 -9 1 -2 5 Libena Madagascar 90 86 91 89 83 84 77 83 85 79 79 -1 0 0 9 -2 1 Malawi 59 108 120 93 120 132 141 115 79 101 102 6 3 2 0 0 2 Mal 38 123 92 117 154 172 197 198 179 92 209 5 1 11 8 5 6 Mauntaama Mauntius 84 103 105 92 73 51 38 33 34 30 32 5 0 -5 6 -12 0 Mozambique 251 116 117 124 120 124 160 192 193 177 177 -6 7 -44 6 6 Nainibia 276 88 96 123 115 109 121 119 135 135 135 -6 7 -1 0 3 1 Niger 84 131 140 178 275 204 220 181 540 478 298 -5 3 4 4 13 5 Nigena 41 117 85 86 101 116 122 126 129 129 129 -8 0 23 7 3 1 Rwanda 61 117 90 25 65 63 73 76 80 80 86 6 4 3 5 -2 1 SAo Tom6 and Pnncipe 321 70 107 118 91 113 241 268 311 96 96 1 1 -20 6 7 7 Senegal 5 1 124 129 121 83 82 110 32 42 58 97 2 0 -2 4 -5 5 Seychelles 21 110 121 121 III 110 133 123 116 116 116 7 6 6 7 1 9 SierraLeone 44 101 96 106 97 97 114 98 60 60 60 11 2 5 0 -4 0 Somalia South Africa 107 80 69 73 66 66 60 63 67 58 58 0 7 0 0 -4 6 Sudan 100 81 84 114 127 128 113 105 103 122 124 -1 6 -7 4 2 2 Swaziland 65 24 41 31 19 41 66 49 60 61 61 -3 4 12 0 -2 1 Tanzarua 100 126 106 97 126 134 131 97 95 97 127 -2 2 0 1 0 9 Togo 34 97 100 121 106 140 150 172 130 143 149 5 1 20 5 4 7 Uganda 82 84 107 141 131 199 160 162 195 145 172 -5 8 0 7 6 2 Zambia 49 60 134 68 100 87 126 123 133 125 125 5 1 7 4 3 4 Zimbabwe 77 101 117 106 104 129 137 153 129 153 132 2 1 1 8 3 8 NORTff AFRICA 84 98 97 92 91 95 100 94 95 102 103 4 1 -0 2 0 0 Algena 84 102 103 98 96 91 91 94 97 104 108 5 1 -0 7 -01I Egypt, Arab Republic 171 121 135 86 85 114 114 80 8! 74 75 0 6 -6 5 -2 9 Libya 105 98 97 94 100 108 110 99 113 113 113 0 2 -1 6 1 3 Morocco 46 94 89 92 91 95 100 104 95 102 103 0 9 6 2 0 3 Tunisia 73 92 87 74 75 74 74 75 72 81 81 3 8 3 8 -2 4 ALL AFRICA 82 98 96 99 99 109 110 103 103 97 108 2 4 0. 0,5 Agriculture 221 8-5. Food production per capita index Average annual Index (average 1989-91 =100) percentage growth 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-AM SUB3-SA1{ARAN 1tRlCA 106 98 97 96 97 99 95 96 99 97 98 -1.5 0.4 -0.2 exclIuding South Afsica 106 98 98 96 97 99 96 98 100 98 98 -1.6 0.4 -0] e"cI. S.Africa &1'Nigeria 106 9& 97 96 97 99 95 96 99 97 98 -1.7 0.4 -0. Angola 124 104 99 110 104 105 103 115 106 108 106 -3 5 -1 5 0 7 Benin 84 102 100 102 109 112 124 119 117 119 115 0 4 0 7 1 9 Botswana 100 98 9 5 8 5 97 9 1 79 7 5 7 6 78a 7 7 -2 7 -4 9 -2 7 Burkma Faso 77 109 III 104 105 109 98 113 115 99 104 0 0 3 8 0 4 Burundi 107 104 101 84 90 90 89 83 83 78 83 --23 0 2 -2 1 Canmeroon 107 99 101 102 104 107 102 104 106 100 101 -2 2 -1 0 0 3 Cape Verde 63 100 113 86 110 100 94 107 125 106 106 0 8 19 4 0 8 Central African Republic 102 101 101 101 101 III 106 107 107 113 III -0 5 2 7 1 0 Chad 106 107 90 100 100 102 I11 126 110 100 97 -0 7 3 3 0 7 Comoros 113 99 101 97 100 95 94 98 101 90 88 -3 0 0 8 -0 7 Congo, Democratic Rep of 100 97 93 91 76 73 69 69 65 62 59 -0 7 0 I -4 9 Congo, Repubic of 110 94 93 96 98 99 96 92 96 95 93 -0 7 -13 -0 5 C6te d1voire 104 98 97 96 107 113 110 109 109 113 103 -0 5 -01 10 Djibouti 83 78 72 77 78 77 76 74 72 71 70 4 6 1 8 -2 9 Equatonal Guinea 116 101 95 94 96 95 93 91 93 89 86 -2 2 -11I -09 Enitrea 84 115 104 99 97 136 119 100 103 .1 7 Ethiopia 98 95 102 115 113 101 106 110 105 II1 Gabon 109 97 93 92 91 91 91 91 89 89 87 0 0 -01I -1 2 Gambia,T'Me 103 68 7 8 78 73 56 69 65 92 100 105 -41 -0 5 -0 4 Ghana 96 111 116 108 121 127 121 129 132 134 134 -4 2 11 2 9 Guinea 128 108 106 106 107 108 110 114 114 120 118 -1I8 -43 1 5 Gumea-Bissau 82 99 98 97 98 100 106 106 109 ill 112 0 1 0 0 1 0 Kenya 96 92 85 92 89 88 87 88 86 83 80 -16 3 6 -1 7 Lesotho 110 84 94 99 80 97 99 82 79 106 105 -13 1 0 -0 3 Libenia Madagascar 113 97 98 93 93 92 9 1 88 88 80 78 -1 6 -1 7 -1 9 Malawi 138 74 107 83 98 110 103 124 134 134 133 -1 4 -4 3 3 4 Mali 95 95 97 100 96 89 88 94 97 87 94 1 0 2 8 -089 Mauritania 112 91 87 87 89 91 87 85 82 83 81 0 3 1 0 -1 7 Maunitius 86 105 102 95 100 101 108 103 80 96 101 -1 7 1 0 -0.5 Mozambique 118 76 84 78 91 100 104 108 108 90 91 -3 9 0 5 0 5 Namibia 151 98 98 101 95 100 71 77 98 91 88 -44 1 1 -IS Niger 137 105 88 103 94 100 80 116 100 90 101 -0 4 3 1 -0 2 Nigenia 78 110 113 114 114 118 117 119 119 119 116 -2 4 4 0 1 6 Rwanda 108 121 100 74 89 97 92 88 85 98 93 1 0 -3 3 -1 0 S5o Tome and Prnnipe 137 119 120 122 113 120 123 127 135 138 136 -5 0 -1 3 2 7 Senegal 78 87 93 94 102 93 85 82 109 105 104 -6 3 5 5 0 2 Seychelles 146 97 88 109 133 127 129 115 119 120 118 -1 3 -7 0 2 2 Sierra Leone 106 92 91 97 91 96 100 92 81 74 71 -1 2 -0 7 -2 3 Somalia South Afnica 112 82 92 94 81 94 93 87 91 94 87 -1 8 2 0 -0 8 Sudan 132 121 109 127 125 134 133 134 129 128 131 -1 7 -0 9 2 7 Swaziland ill 95 89 91 81 88 78 78 79 72 71 0 4 -2 4 -3 0 Tanzania 102 88 87 84 85 84 78 82 80 75 76 0 4 -1 0 -2 4 Togo 106 94 109 100 96 112 110 99 106 100 98 -1 4 0 6 0 2 Uganda 92 98 100 95 96 86 86 93 97 97 98 -4 6 0 3 -0 5 Zambia 101 77 108 92 83 97 82 76 83 81 82 -45 5 1 -2 0 Zimbabwe Ill 61 85 92 66 90 91 79 85 94 88 -5 1 0 3 -0 5 NORTH AFRICA 92 -101 106 100 108 122 98 110 119 116 112 -1 5 2 0 1 4 Algeria 92 114 106 96 108 126 98 110 112 104 112 -2 8 1 4 0 8 Egypt, Arab Republic 88 106 107 106 114 122 124 122 128 131 128 -0 3 1 8 2 6 Libya 116 98 97 102 109 113 116 136 123 131 130 0 4 -2 1 2 9 MorGcco 74 79 78 100 67 101 84 96 89 82 85 -0 4 7 7 -0 9 Tunisia 92 101 109 78 75 129 87 110 119 116 109 -2 0 -2 6 1 6 ALL AFRICA 106 98 98 96 97 100 96 99 101 99 101 -1 2 03 0 222 Agriculture 8-6. Volume of food output, by major food crop Average annual* Thousands of metinc tons percentage growth 1980 1992 1993 1994 1993 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 75-84 85-89 90-MR ALGERA Wbeat 1,511 1,837 1,017 714 1,500 2.983 662 2,280 1,470 760 2,011 2,011 0 1 0 4 0 2 Citrus 422 362 361 376 323 334 351 418 454 433 441 441 -0 3 0 1 0 2 Dates 201 261 262 317 285 361 303 387 428 366 370 370 0 6 0 5 0 3 Barley 794 1,398 408 234 585 1.800 191 700 510 163 574 574 OS5 -0I -0 3 Potatoes 591 1,158 1.065 716 1,200 1,150 948 1,100 996 1,208 1,200 1.200 0 0 0 4 0 1 ANGOLA Maize 360 320 275 201 211 398 370 505 428 395 429 429 -0 3 0 0 0 4 Millet 57 75 40 60 61 102 62 89 102 lOS 148 148 -0 3 0 4 0 4 Cassava 1150 1,861 1,861 2,379 2,550 2,500 2,326 3,211 3,130 4,433 5,394 5,394 .01I 0 1 OS Sweet Potatoes 165 180 185 180 185 188 189 190 192 224 353 353 0 0 0 0 0 2 BENIN4 Palm oil 34 14 14 9 13 IS 9 Is 1S IS 15 IS -0 4 .0 4 0 0 Maize 271 460 483 492 576 556 701 662 783 750 686 622 0 5 .0 9 0 3 Sorghum 56 110 106 113 117 ItO 120 138 126 155 165 195 .0 3 0 2 0 2 Cassava 583 1,041 1,147 1,146 1,238 1,457 1,918 1.989 2,113 2,350 2,703 2,452 0 0 -0 6 0 5 Yam 694 1.125 1,185 1,250 1,286 1.346 1,408 1,584 1,647 1,742 1,701 1.875 0 2 0 0 0 2 BOTSWANA Livestock (I,0O0heads) 149 300 250 238 337 349 360 300 320 350 370 370 -0 4 0 3 0 0 Onions dry I I I I I I I I I I I I -5 2 0 0 -01I Sorghum 29 16 38 37 38 78 17 9 13 11 II II .1 9 -0 4 .0 5 Maize 12 3 3 11 2 25 12 1 5 9 9 9 .2 2 1 0 .01I Millet 2 1 2 4 I 8 2 I I I I 1 -1 3 -4 0 01 BURKINA FASO Groandnuts 54 143 206 203 181 221 152 215 283 169 301 301 0 1 -0 8 0 4 Sorghum 547 1,292 1,281 973 1,266 1,254 943 1,203 1,178 1,016 1,372 1,350 0 1 -0 3 0 1 Millet 351 784 899 831 734 811 604 973 945 726 1,009 1.000 0 2 -0 3 0 2 Maize lOS 343 271 350 212 294 366 378 469 423 606 610 0 6 -0 4 0 3 Rice 40 47 54 61 84 112 90 89 94_ 103 110 110 0 1 -1 6 0 5 RIURUNDI Maize 9 14 13 II 14 II 17 11 10 9 9 9 0 0 0 1 .0 2 Sorghum 52 67 65 45 66 66 68 67 60 61 69 69 1 0 0 1 0 0 Rice 10 40 40 38 27 42 65 41 59 52 61 61 0 3 0 8 0 2 Millet 9 14 13 11 14 II 17 II 10 9 9 9 0 0 0 1 -0 2 Bananas 1100 1,626 1,586 1,487 1,421 1,544 1,543 1,399 1,511 1,514 1,549 1,549 -01I 0 1 00 Cassava 400 598 584 527 501 549 603 622 617 657 713 713 0 I 0 I 0 I- CANMROON Maize 414 531 507 524 618 750 760 793 785 850 850 850 -0 1 02 03 Sorghum 331 380 300 350 460 439 400 500 272 420 450 450 03 .2 0 00 Millets 100 55 60 50 66 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 02 -2 5 01 Rice 46 53 29 36 35 36 37 53 67 70 70 70 03 -0 8 02 Cassava 980 1,636 1,648 1,715 1,780 1.848 1.918 1,966 1,984 1,500 1,700 1,700 02 .0 2 01 Plantains 1020 1.038 1.120 1.211 1.250 1,290 1.326 1.359 1.332 1,332 1,400 1.400 03 -0 5 02 CENTRAL AFRICAN REP Sorghum 36 21 20 21 22 26 28 29 45 48 50 107 0 2 -1 2 0 5 Maize 41 59 58 63 71 76 83 88 95 101 107 107 0 2 -0 6 0 3 Groandnuts 123 71 72 79 86 91 88 102 110 116 122 122 00 -0 2 0 3 Cassava 920 580 575 518 492 526 579 608 559 560 562 562 00 -0 3 00 Yam 150 260 260 280 320 340 340 360 360 360 360 360 -01I 00 0 2 CHAkD Sorghum 250 387 243 481 437 353 427 514 457 392 497 428 -0 5 -0 5 0 2 Millet 200 293 212 320 228 258 248 357 361 259 398 369 -0 4 -1 0 0 3 Groundnuts 99 224 190 207 293 305 352 471 372 359 448 448 0 0 0 0 0 5 COMOROS Bananas 32 54 55 57 56 57 58 59 59 57 60 60 0 1 0 6 0 1 Cassava 33 51 52 48 49 50 51 52 52 45 54 55 -0 2 1I 0 1 CONGO Maiuze 9 5 5 5 8 8 9 10 6 6 7 7 -0 7 0 0 0 2 Cassava 628 600 632 723 747 772 780 739 812 828 845 845 0 2 0 1 0 1 Plantains 56 73 75 78 77 76 76 71 68 70 70 70 0 4 0 2 0 0 COTE DrVOIRE Palm oil 189 281 274 276 268 297 249 269 264 278 205 205 0 I 0 3 0 0 Rice 420 660 676 701 764 1,139 1,287 1,197 1,208 1,231 1,212 8ig 0 0 0 1 0 3 Maize 380 514 517 536 552 569 574 573 815 693 573 600 0 4 0 0 0 2 Cassava 1,010 1,502 1,509 1,564 1,608 1,653 1.699 1,692 1,681 1,691 1.688 1,700 0 1 0 I 0 1 Yamns 2,040 2,758 2,771 2,824 2,869 2,924 2,987 2,921 2,944 2,950 2,938 3,000 0 1 0 0 0 0 (Table continues on the following page) Agr-iculture 223 8-6. Volume of food output, by major food crop (continued) Average annual* Thousands afmeiric tons percentage growthi 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 29000 2001 2002 75-84 85-89 90-MR EGYFT Ricm 2,382 3,910 4,161 4,583 4,788 4,895 5,480 4,474 5,817 6,000 5,227 5,700 0 1 0 2 0 2 Wheat 1,736 4,618 4,833 4,437 5,722 5,735 5,849 6,093 6,347 6,564 6,255 6,183 0 1 1 0 0 2 Sugarcane 8618 11,708 12,412 13,822 14,105 13,958 13,726 14,353 15,254 15,706 15,572 15,706 0 0 -0 6 0 2 Dry Broadbeans 213 382 438 357 392 442 476 523 307 354 439 439 -0 2 0 5 -0 I EQUATORIAL OGI,NEA Cassava 32 47 47 47 47 48 45 43 45 45 45 45 0 0 0 1 0 0 Sweet Potatoes 21 35 3 5 3 6 35 34 36 36 36 36 0 1 0 1 0 0 ETOIU1A Sorghum 0 0 628 703 1,141 1,808 2,040 1,083 1,184 1,333 1,538 1,538 0 3 Maize 0 0 1,456 1,396 1,990 3,164 2,987 2,344 2,685 2,525 3,138 3,138 0 4 Bauley 0 0 787 875 986 1,125 953 983 813 742 845 845 0 0 Sugarcane 0 0 1,700 1.200 1,200 1,582 1.490 1,650 2,200 2,200 2,400 2.400 0 3 GABON Oil palm 2 7 8 8 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 -01I 0 0 Maize 10 25 27 28 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 26 0 3 0 5 0 0 Cassava 250 230 207 211 215 214 221 227 224 228 230 230 0 2 0 2 0 0 Yam 79 120 110 125 130 135 140 145 1S0 155 155 155 0 3 0 2 0 2 Plantains 175 253 238 243 248 258 264 274 265 270 270 270 0 3 -0 1 0 0 6AM.BIA,TI8E Groundnuts 60 55 77 81 75 46 78 73 123 138 151 151 -0 2 0 7 0 2 Palm oil 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 -01I 0 0 0 0 Millet IS 46 52 53 54 61 66 65 81 95 105 lOS 0 7 -0 1 03 Rice 43 19 12 20 19 i8 13 19 32 34 19 19 0 9 -0 7 0 2 Maize 6 18 24 13 14 10 8 13 20 22 29 29 0 6 -0 6 0 1 Sorghum 5 12 9 9 12 14 13 10 I8 25 33 33 0 6 -0 6 0 4 GHANA Maize 382 731 961 940 1,034 1,008 996 1,035 1,014 1,013 938 1,000 03 0 1 0 2 Millet 82 133 198 168 201 193 144 172 160 169 134 160 -0 2 1 4 0 2 Groundnuts 142 100 140 176 168 162 154 212 193 209 258 225 03 0 2 0 5 Cassav,a 1,858 5,662 5,973 6,025 6,612 7,111 7,000 7,227 7,845 8,107 8,966 8,966 0 1 0 1 0 3 Plantains 734 1.082 1.322 1,475 1,638 1,823 1.818 1,893 2,046 1.932 1,932 1,932 -0 4 -0 2 0 4 GUINA Palm oil 40 40 48 50 50 55 55 50 50 50 50 50 0 1 0 1 0 1 Rice 480 512 531 544 631 673 716 764 750 870 870 870 0 0 -01I 0 3 Maize 90 88 85 83 79 82 85 89 92 95 95 95 03 -0 5 0 1 Groundnuts 84 139 128 126 132 145 158 174 190 210 210 210 0 0 -01I 0 4 Cassva 480 512 550 525 601 667 732 812 900 1,000 1,000 1,000 -0 3 -0 6 0 4 Plantaias 350 405 410 420 425 435 430 429 429 430 430 430 0 2 0 0 0 1 GU8NEA-BISSA'U Groundnuts 30 16 18 18 17 17 18 18 19 19 19 19 .01I -0 7 0 1 Palm kcmels 9 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 0 1 -0 2 0 1 RLice 42 124 126 131 133 120 100 87 80 104 tOO 100 -0 2 0 0 -0 2 Sorghum I8 II 14 14 16 22 12 11 IS II IS IS 0 9 -1 2 0 1 Maize 12 tO 13 14 IS 9 IS IS 27 26 26 26 0 4 0 2 0 3 X8FNYA Sugarcane 4,532 4,180 4,370 3,800 4,550 4,650 4,450 4,900 5,200 4,750 5,150 5.150 0 7 0 2 0 1 Maize 1,620 2,430 2,089 3,060 2,699 2,160 2,214 2,400 2,300 2,200 2,700 2,700 -0 4 -0 4 0 0 Wheat 216 126 150 297 313 290 227 263 190 181 180 180 0 2 -0 4 0 1 LESOTHO Wheat 28 12 8 12 II1 30 34 29 15 51 51 51 .1 0 1 4 0 5 Dry Beans 4 1 2 3 5 6 14 8 9 8 8 8 -1 3 0 1 06 Dry Peas 5 2 I I I 4 3 5 3 6 7, 7 -0 4 -1 I 0 7 Maize 106 6 1 92 149 63 188 142 119 125 297 300 300 0 3 00 0 5 Sorghum 59 1 9 52 61 7 36 29 23 33 45 46 46 0 2 -1 0 0 4 LIBERIA Rice 243 ItO 65 50 56 94 168 209 196 183 183 183 0 0 0 1 0 3 Cassa,a 300 280 245 250 175 213 282 307 361 441 441 441 0 1 0 5 0 1 LIBYA Wheat 141 125 126 120 117 124 156 140 130 125 130 130 0 8 00 0 0 Olives 161 100 120 140 168 186 186 190 190 190 190 190 0 8 -1 8 0 5 MADAGASCAR Rice Paddy 2109 2,450 2,550 2,357 2,450 2,500 2,558 2,447 2,637 2,300 2,300 2,300 00 00 00 Cassava 1683 2,280 2,350 2.360 2,400 2,353 2,418 2,412 2,435 2,228 2,228 2,228 0 2 .0 2 00 Sweet potatoes 373 452 500 560 450 500 510 510 520 476 480 480 -0 2 0 1 00 (Table continues on the following page) 224 Agriculture 8-6. Volume of food output, by major food crop (continued) Average annuall Thousands of metric tons percentage growth 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 75-84 85-89 90-MR M,4,LAWI Groadnutts 177 26 55 3 1 32 40 69 97 125 117 148 158 0 0 -0 5 0 6 Maize 1186 657 2,034 1,040 1,661 1,793 1.226 1,772 2,479 2,501 1,589 1,603 0 I -0 2 0 2 Sorghum 20 4 22 17 45 55 40 41 41 37 37 39 -2 2 dl 0 6 Casmea 292 129 216 250 328 535 714 830 895 2.757 3.313 1.540 0 1 -0 5 1 3 Groadnduts 144 127 149 215 157 134 144 152 191 193 196 257 -0 7 -0 2 0 1 Mfillet 407 582 708 898 707 739 641 814 019 759 793 1,034 0 1 -0 6 0 1 Rice 132 410 428 469 476 627 576 718 727 743 933 926 -0 3 0 3 0 4 Sorghum 356 602 777 746 712 541 560 600 689 565 517 951 0 2 0 3 0 0 Maiz 45 193 283 322 266 294 343 393 620 215 299 321 -0 3 -0 2 0 3 MAURITANIA Sorghum 28 50 92 147 157 145 58 73 75 95 84 84 0 2 0 3 0 2 Millet 3 2 4 7 8 8 3 3 10 7 3 67 0 3 0 8 0 7 Rice II I5 65 45 53 67 8I 102 52 76 67 67 1 4 1 5 0 2 Maize 5 3 7 6 4 14 12 1 1 8 6 8 8 0 1 -32 0 7 MALU01.IS Sugarcane 4564 5,781 5.402 4,813 5,159 5,260 5,787 5,781 3,883 5,109 5.500 5,500 -0 I 0 1 -0 I Potatoes 1 2 19 14 l8 16 1 1 1 8 IS is 14 IS S1 0 1 0 1 -01I Dry Onions 2 3 4 5 6 6 5 7 9 II1 II 1 089 -07 0 6 MORO(CCO Citrus 1084 1.111 1,227 1,319 997 1,393 1,229 1,597 1,31i3 1,423 984 984 0 3 -0 3 0 0 Wheat 1811 1.562 1,573 5,523 1,091 5,916 2,316 4,378 2,154 1,381 3,316 3,357 0 1 -0 9 0 0 Sugaibeet 2241 2,754 3,062 3,144 2,717 2,750 2,613 2,823 3,236 2,883 3,106 3,300 0 3 0 2 0 0 Bailey 2,210 1,081 1.027 3,720 608 3.831 1.324 1.970 1.474 467 1.155 1.562 0 1 -2 1 -01I M4OZANMIQUE Cashewnuts 71 54 24 23 33 67 43 52 59 58 58 58 -0 6 0 6 0 4 Maiz 380 132 533 489 734 947 1,042 1,124 1,246 1,019 1,143 1,143 -0 2 -1 2 0 7 Rice 75 33 66 101 113 139 180 191 186 151 167 167 0 3 0 0 0 6 Cassava 3600 3.239 3.511 3.352 4.178 4,734 5.337 5.639 5.353 5.362 5.362 5.362 0 1 0 1 0 2 NAMIBIA Wheat 2 3 6 6 3 6 6 3 4 3 6 6 0 8 -0 2 -01I Maize 32 1 I 26 4 1 1 8 1 9 49 1 8 19 32 28 28 0 1 -2 2 -0 2 NIGER Cowpeas 266 402 168 525 184 295 199 787 436 269 350 350 0 3 -0 3 0 3 Gtoandauts 126 57 26 67 103 196 88 112 104 113 129 129 0 2 -0 2 08a Sorghum 368 387 289 393 266 408 290 503 476 371 656 656 0 I -0 2 0 2 Mille 1364 1,788 1.658 1,968 1,769 1,761 1,352 2.391 2.296 1,679 2.414 2,414 0 2 -1 2 0 1 NIGERIA Groundouts 471 1.297 1,323 1,453 1,579 2,278 2,531 2,534 2,894 2,901 2,683 2,900 -01I -0 5 0 5 Palmocil 650 792 825 837 860 776 810 845 896 899 903 903 0 1 0 3 0 1 Sorghum 3690 5,909 6,051 6,197 6,997 7.084 7,297 7,516 7,520 7,711 7,081 8,194 0 0 0 0 0 2 Millet 2.354 4,501 4,602 4,757 5,563 5,681 5.902 5,956 5,960 6,105 5,530 6,474 -0 I 0 1 0 2 Maize 612 5.840 6,290 6.902 6,931 5,667 5,254 5.127 5.476 4,107 4,620 5,383 -0 3 1 0 -01I Rice 1,090 3,260 3,065 2,427 2,920 3,122 3,268 3,275 3,277 3.298 2,752 3,367 I 4 0 9 0 I Yam 5248 19,781 21,632 23,153 22,818 23.201 23,972 24,768 25,873 26,201 26,374 27,693 -0 2 -01I 0 2 Cassa,a 11500 29.184 30.128 31.005 31.404 31,418 32.050 32.695 32.697 32.010 32.586 33.563 0 1 0 4 0 2 RWANDA Sorghum 179 113 128 55 77 102 122 121 108 155 175 175 0 2 -01I -01I Maize 85 98 87 67 56 67 83 59 55 63 92 92 0 2 -0 4 -0 2 Plantans 2063 3,547 2.136 1,489 2,002 2,105 2,248 2,625 2,897 2,212 1,573 1,573 0 2 0 2 -01I Ssveet poratoe 871 1.055 997 410 551 665 742 751 863 1,033 1,137 1,137 0 3 -0I 0 0 SENE43AL Groundnuts 523 578 628 678 791 646 545 579 1,014 1,062 960 500 0 1 0 7 0 1 M,ilet 451 446 634 548 667 601 426 428 675 600 470 470 0 4 0 8 0 0 Rice 65 177 193 162 155 149 174 124 240 202 244 244 0 3 0 0 0 1 Maiz 57 115 138 108 107 89 60 44 66 79 106 106 0 2 0 0 -0 3 Sorghum 102 117 99 123 127 133 118 120 147 144 140 140 0 4 -0 5 0 1 SIERRA LEONE Palm oil 47 48 47 50 45 48 5 I 40 36 36 36 36 0 1 0 0 -0 2 Palm kcemels 30 3 1 33 32 29 3 1 32 26 22 22 22 22 -0 2 -01I -0 2 Rice 513 479 486 405 356 392 411 328 247 199 199 199 -0 2 -01I -0 4 Cisava 95 117 106 244 219 281 310 289 240 241 241 241 0 1 0 1 0 4 (Table continues on the following page) Agriculture 225 8-6. Volume of food output, by major food crop Average annual' Thousands ofmetrnc tons percetage gro,.1h 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 200) 2002 75-84 85-89 90-MR SOMALIA Banaas 605 70 55 43 50 55 55 48 50 55 55 55 -0 2 05 -0 2 Maize 110 101 79 ISO 146 142 128 ISO 143 210 210 210 02 -0 5 0 1 Sorghum 140 92 s0 252 136 145 153 79 62 100 100 104) 02 04 -0 3 Sesamne 38 15 22 22 25 23 24 21 22 23 23 23 02 00 -0 2 SOUfli AFRICA Maime 11,040 3,277 9,997 13.275 4,866 10,171 10,136 7,693 7,946 11,455 0,040 9,123 0 1 0 2 0 1 Wheat 1,472 1,324 1,984 1,840 1,977 2,712 2,429 1,892 1,733 2,364 2,504 2,400 0 0 035 0 1 Sugurcea 14,062 12.955 11,244 15,683 16,714 20,951 22,155 22,930 21,223 23.076 21.157 22,349 -01I 0 3 0 2 Sorghum 711 118 515 520 291 536 433 358 224 473 211 238 0 3 OS 0 0 Barley 60 265 230 275 300 176 182 204 92 116 157 142 0 2 IS5 -0 3 SUDAN Grourdanuts 712 300 428 714 738 815 1,104 776 1,047 1,047 947 990 .0 4 -0 4 0 9 Sesme 221 266 175 170 3 13 416 281 262 329 329 262 274 -0 3 0 2 0 5 Sorghum 2.084 4.042 2,386 3.648 2,450 4,179 2,870 4,284 2,347 2,400 4,470 3,100 -0 2 -3 3 0 2 Wheat 231 895 453 475 448 527 642 585 172 214 303 247 -0 5 0 2 -0 4 SWA~ZILAND Sugecoane 2.782 3,885 3,647 3,786 3,440 3,846 3,694 3,887 4,323 3,885 3,805 3,885 04 00 00 Citrus (oruges) 45 35 23 48 29 33 33 31 35 36 36 36 00 -008 0 1 Maize 97 54 73 919 76 151 108 125 113 05 05 85 -01I -1 2 0 1 TANZANIA Maiz 1,726 2.226 2,282 2.159 2,874 2,640 1,831 2.685 2.452 2,551 2,616 2,500 0 1 04 0 1 Sorghum 510 507 719 478 839 872 499 563 561 664 736 650 0 7 04 0 1 Rice 291 392 641 614 623 807 550 049 506 508 514 514 -0 2 07 00 Mhillet 340 263 210 210 342 585 347 236 194 153 170 170 06 0 1 00 Cassoa 4.828 7,112 6.833 7.209 5.969 5.994 5,704 7.033 7.182 5,758 5.650 5,650 0 I -0 5 -0 I TOGO Maize 138 278 393 348 290 388 452 350 494 482 464 464 04 04 03 Sorghum 95 112 126 110 172 156 152 137 142 151 142 142 .0 4 -0 4 0 1 Millet 43 75 75 58 74 55 49 41 39 37 41 41 -1 2 02 -0 2 Casauva 408 452 389 532 602 548 596 579 694 701 652 652 0 2 -0 5 0 I Yam 484 368 530 484 531 605 683 696 666 563 549 549 02 -0 2 0 2 TUNISIA Olive oil 115 120 210 70 60 310 90 180 225 110 101 30 -0 4 0 2 -01I Cutrus 160 226 338 255 235 268 261 279 261 276 295 295 0 2 0 3 0 0 WIheat 869 1,584 1,413 503 531 2,018 805 1,354 1,390 824 1,120 422 0 3 208 -0 I Barley 296 570 478 145 80 835 160 303 420 240 233 90 0 9 3 9 -0 3 UGANDA Mhillet 459 634 610 610 632 440 502 642 606 534 584 584 -0 3 0 4 0 0 Maiz 286 657 804 850 913 759 740 924 1.053 1.096 1,174 1.174 -0 5 0 5 0 3 Sorghum 299 375 383 390 399 298 294 420 413 361 423 423 -0 2 0 2 0 0 Cassaa 2072 2,896 3,1 39 2,080 2,224 2,245 2,291 3,204 4,875 4,966 5,265 5.265 -0 4 0 3 0 2 Plantains 5699 7.806 8.222 8.500 9.012 9.144 9.303 9,318 8.949 9.533 9,533 9,533 -0 3 0 2 0 1 ZAIRE Palm o,l 168 101 182 171 196 186 166 165 168 168 167 170 -01I 0 1 0 0 Maiz 594 1,053 1,130 1,184 1,008 1.101 1,167 1,215 1,199 1,184 1,169 1,155 0 2 0 2 0 1 Rice 234 403 430 426 366 348 322 363 350 330 326 315 0 1 0 2 -01I Cassava 13087 19.780 18,890 19,102 16,070 16,887 16,402 17,060 16,500 15,959 15,436 14,930 0 I 0 I -0 I Pleatuns 1563 2.117 2.186 2.262 1.038 948 691 631 577 527 530 530 0 1 0 0 -0 7 ZAMBIA Saatlo.er seeds 28 I 21 10 21 27 8 6 7 7 7 900 0 4 -1 9 0 2 Maize 937 403 1,598 1,021 738 1,409 960 638 856 082 900 900 -0 7 -0 4 -01I Wheat 10 58 71 43 50 58 71 64 90 75 75 75 0 9 1 3 0 1 Cassava 315 602 744 744 744 744 702 817 971 815 950 950 0 3 0 4 0 2 ZIMBABWE Sugurcae 2520 125 530 3,420 3,773 2,826 4,651 4,811 4,657 4,228 4,100 4,100 0 I -0 3 0 7 Maize 1511 362 2,012 2,326 840 2.609 2,192 1,418 1,520 2,108 1,467 000 -0 1 -2 3 0 1 Wheat 191 50 276 239 83 2800 0 8 2 5 7 213 0 2 -0 2 0 2 Nates Craps shawn, represent tsme mtajar faod craps asia Table 0-1, Nomnaal praducer prices, excluding beverages (coffee, tea cocoa), cocoa, and tobacco The following commodities are ia their least-processed form unless othetwise indicated Groaundauts, unshelled Rice, paddy Sunflower, seeds Citrus, total far counry Sesame, seeds Livestock = combined total bend of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, horses, asses, and mules Chickens/rabbits = combined total For South Afncu burley production is for white areas only Countnrs excluded from listing Cape Verde, Djibouti, Entrea, SAO Tome and Pnncipe, and Seychelles ITheo standard World Bank least square methodology was used to compute the annual percentage growth 226 Agriculture 8-7. Value of agricultural exports Average annual Millions of US dollars (current prices) percentage growth 1980 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 12,212 10,099 10,711 10,358 9,563 9,258 9,311 11,506 13,108 14,312 13,368 3.8 2-0 4 6 excluding South Africa 9,695 8,582 8,699 8,440 7,725 7,467 7,738 9,389 10,823 11,823 10,904 2.0 0.6 4.8 ex~cl S Afrca &Nigena 9,249 8,141 8,444 8,210 7,511 7,277 7.462 9,06 10,420 11,281 10,383 2A4 0.6 45$ Angola 172 22 1 6 6 5 5 3 3 5 6 6 -12 8 -30 5 -7 6 Benin 55 44 79 84 86 93 83 115 201 188 198 3 0 -42 14 2 Botswana 5 1 74 79 79 90 91 96 97 132 115 115 5 2 2 7 5 9 Burkina Faso 80 87 66 116 94 86 93 80 141 123 119 5 3 5 1 5 6 Burundi 64 127 73 69 88 67 53 113 96 32 82 8 8 -40 -1 9 Cameroon 699 510 661 563 341 364 245 393 565 624 504 2 6 5 1 0~5- Cape Verde 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 7 38 3 -31 8 Central Affican Republic 60 54 69 45 46 33 36 37 5 1 28 33 6 8 3 3 -6 4 Chad 115 112 114 134 136 127 84 118 145 127 135 13 2 -7 4 0 9 Comoros 7 1 8 1 3 1 1 20 16 3 8 8 7 4 4 8 6 13 4 -16 4 Congo, Democratic Rep of 235 165 182 141 78 83 53 93 135 102 95 -1 7 -8 5 -39 Congo,Republic of 13 10 7 15 14 1 7 9 7 1 1 16 1 5 -1 7 -15 1 2 8 C6te dIlvoire 2,009 1,735 1,807 1,615 1,532 1,434 1,605 1,557 2,216 2.421 2,001 7 0 -2 7 4 2 Djibouti 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 96 6 18 8 -7 8 Equatonal Guinea 12 12 8 8 6 6 3 4 4 7 4 -40 -10 3 -6 5 Entrea 4 4 2 2 2 Ethiopia 193 362 409 426 526 Gabon 14 8 7 3 6 7 4 5 8 10 10 13 3 -3 1 8 4 Gambia, The 28 13 10 14 12 1 1 i5 35 16 16 12 -5 0 -22 1 2 9 Ghana 744 482 426 413 369 319 302 358 393 638 616 -5 1 3 2 5 2 Guinea 33 32 3 1 27 23 331 43 45 61 43 48 5 3 10 7 94 Guinea-Bissau 6 1 3 10 13 16 4 14 32 21 22 22 9 0 2 8 12 4 Kenya 693 735 669 687 641 812 975 1,044 1,153 1,165 3,157 6 5 -1 8 9 1 Lesotho 16 25 21 13 32 13 32 13 12 9 9 7 0 7 7 -7 7 Libena 351 119 135 23 27 23 32 24 33 13 20 5 7 0 6 -16 5 Madagascar 334 380 206 376 157 143 133 237 200 138 92 2 6 -49 -4 8 Malawi 251 274 249 376 462 371 286 288 389 383 359 9 2 -0 6 1 5 Malt 192 208 240 251 267 266 251 239 270 312 271 12 3 3 8 1 8 Mauntania 39 33 34 44 47 48 49 3 1 38 40 40 7 3 -0 6 -0 6 Mauritius 302 356 346 379 365 402 367 367 420 503 405 -1 1 13 2 2 8 Mozainbique 157 47 44 41 45 53 26 64 67 50 50 -8 0 1 4 3 4 Namibia 188 161 170 147 180 200 185 203 199 202 201 -8 0 18 9 3 1 Niger 86 50 54 62 65 55 48 48 45 45 45 8 4 -7 5 -41 Nigena 446 440 255 230 214 189 275 327 403 542 522 -44 -2 5 12 9 Rwanda 66 99 113 95 85 60 52 14 42 39 38 5 5 8 6 -15 1 Sao Tome and Prncipe 19 6 5 4 4 4 4 5 2 3 3 0 1 -9 9 -5 5 Senegal 135 153 204 219 135 126 91 126 315 87 58 -5 6 7 7 -12 7 Seychelles 3 3 I I I 1 1 1 2 2 2 -1 8 -16 3 16 3 Sierra Leone 59 31 21 18 24 11 9 21 15 36 14 -0 3 -11 6 -3 9 Somalia 125 76 75 74 41 62 60 68 75 76 76 4 9 3 6 2 4 South Africa 2,517 1,517 2,032 1,918 1,838 1,792 1,580 2,118 2.284 2,489 2,464 0 6 10 6 3 7 Sudan 553 507 662 550 381 367 455 471 501 565 556 1 9 5 8 0 3 Swaziland 211 272 253 347 339 306 265 283 291 311 300 6 7 20 8 0 0 Tanzania 406 289 299 279 243 281 303 379 431 496 400 -0 2 -0 6 7 5 Togo 77 100 92 120 101 125 75 76 127 133 128 5 4 4 8 2 7 Uganda 344 284 280 173 167 134 180 425 469 491 405 1 1 -7 4 1339 Zatmbia 33 13 20 24 29 36 27 36 32 46 50 -8 1 10 3 8 7 Zimbabwe 453 608 592 750 731 584 617 1,177 895 1,207 1,157 4 4 5 0 9 1 NOR-Th AFRICA 1,544 3,310 1,296 3,406 1,591 1,396 1,313 1,708 1,892 1,876 1,895 -231 1 0 5 0 Algena 120 30 35 50 54 76 97 35 108 137 91 -12 7 -9 2 13 2 Egypt, Arab Republic 677 514 532 427 391 403 360 553 536 523 442 -1 9 -6 9 1 4 Libya 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -58 1 3 9 26 4 Morocco 606 572 520 647 670 581 509 598 780 896 832 0 4 11 9 5 5 Tunisia 340 193 208 282 477 338 347 523 468 322 530 -2 7 8 0 7 8 ALL AFRICA 33,756 11,408 12,007 11,764 31,154 10,654 30,630 33,234 15,000 16,188 15,263 1 2 1 9 4.6 Agriculture 227 8-8. Cereal production Average annual Thousands of metric tons percentage growlh 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-A4R SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 49,742 60,60q 78,249 83,873 76,333 90,302 $5,837 86,141 85,635 89,639 87,894 -0 6 8,0 2,8 excluding South Afiica 36,369 55,564 65,456 67,906 68,842 76,655 72,607 75,950 75,600 75,906 78,291 0 0 73 3 4 exci S.Afiica & Nigena 28,581 35,967 4S,366 47,533 46,329 54,990 50,754 53,910 53,195 53,015 55,400 -0 3 5.7 4.0 Angola 435 402 322 285 296 525 457 621 550 575 585 -6 0 -1 4 7 4 Benin 346 609 625 645 734 714 906 867 890 878 878 3 0 2 0 4 8 Botswana 44 20 43 52 42 III 3 1 12 20 22 22 -20 5 60 0 -8 8 Burkina Faso 1,048 2,479 2,527 2,232 2,308 2,482 2,014 2,657 2,700 2,286 2,796 0 3 10 9 2 5 Bunmdi 217 306 300 225 269 273 305 261 265 245 272 3 9 5 4 -1 2 Cameroon 992 1,019 986 961 1,180 1,296 1,268 1,418 1,196 1,411 1,441 -1 6 3 5 4 7 Cape Verde 9 10 12 8 8 10 5 3 36 2 1 2 1 2 1 52 9 5 1 Central Afncan Republic 100 94 94 101 113 126 138 148 173 184 195 1 4 4 0 6 2 Chad 573 977 680 1,073 907 878 986 1,342 1,230 1,156 1,156 -5 2 8 6 5 8 Comoros 1 8 20 2 1 21 21 21 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 4 1 4 0 8 Congo, Democratic Rep of 889 1,553 1,655 1,708 1,475 1,557 1,584 1,675 1,643 1,616 1,590 3 9 5 8 0 8 Congo, Republic of 12 6 7 7 9 10 10 I 1 7 8 8 -6 2 9 I -0 8 Cdte d'lvoire 860 1,262 1,286 1,331 1,409 1,800 1,961 1,878 1,858 1,970 1,808 2 6 1 7 4 9 Djibouti 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5 1 5 2 Equatonal Guinea Entrea 87 253 85 99 458 427 110 219 8 8 Ethiopia 5,295 5,245 6,740 9,379 9,473 7,197 8,013 9,691 8,732 6 8 Gabon I 1 26 27 29 24 24 25 26 26 27 27 5 7 12 4 1 2 Gainbia, The 70 96 97 95 98 103 100 106 151 176 190 7 0 0 1 5 1 Ghana 674 1,254 1,645 1,594 1,797 1,770 1,669 1,788 1,686 1,711 1,711 -0 6 3 9 4 3 Guinea 725 683 711 718 825 879 927 985 952 1,103 1,103 1 2 -4 6 5 5 Gumea-Bissau 93 169 181 190 201 174 142 137 139 166 166 8 3 -1 6 -0 9 Kenya 2,233 2,849 2,530 3,663 3,275 2,714 2,711 2,962 2,778 2,663 3,167 -2 3 9 8 -0 I Lesotho 194 94 153 223 81 256 206 171 174 394 398 -4 8 9 5 7 3 Liberia 243 110 65 50 56 94 168 209 196 183 183 2 2 0 2 2 5 Madagascar 2,238 2,591 2,724 2,517 2,642 2,685 2,742 2,610 2,829 2,460 2,460 0 5 1 5 0 1 Malawi 1,252 689 2,137 1,109 1,778 1,943 1,349 1,904 2,635 2,658 2,658 0 6 1 4 6 1 Malt 968 1,809 2,228 2,457 2,173 2,201 2,124 2,529 2,894 2,310 2,866 0 5 12 0 2 5 Mauntama 47 107 169 207 222 234 154 189 146 185 201 1 8 25 5 3 6 Mauntius 1 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 -0 9 -9 5 -17 6 Mozambique 663 242 765 791 1,127 1,379 1,531 1,688 11822 1,473 1,674 -1 0 4 7 L2_9_ Namibia 74 31 75 116 62 89 173 55 72 139 107 3 7 3 5 2 0 Niger 1,775 2,255 2,024 2,430 2,096 2,232 1,725 2,982 2,864 2,127 3,161 3 2 9 7 2 4 Nigena 7,788 19,597 20,091 20,373 22,513 21,665 21,853 22,040 22,405 22,891 22,891 1 3 11 4 2 3 Rwanda 273 240 234 133 142 183 223 194 179 240 297 4 4 -3 0 -1 5 Sdo Tomd and Pnncipe 0 4 4 4 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 1 5 24 6 -5 2 Senegal 676 856 1,086 943 1,059 976 781 717 1,131 1,026 1,026 -1 6 3 2 -0 2 Seychelles Sierra Leone 551 534 542 466 408 444 467 373 280 222 222 -1 0 1 0 -7 7 Somalia 267 209 165 405 285 290 284 232 208 313 313 8 2 5 2 -3 9 South Afnca 13,373 5,044 12,792 15,967 7,491 13,648 13,230 10,191 10,035 13,732 9,603 -3 3 10 9 -0 2 Sudan 2,701 5,438 3,102 5,146 3,305 5,202 4,261 5,530 3,108 3,332 3,365 -3 5 4 1 3 2 Swaziland 105 58 75 101 79 152 110 126 114 86 86 -4 2 -6 3 -0 5 Tanzania 2,961 3,533 3,917 3,550 4,629 4,719 3,390 4,495 3,801 3,429 4,131 5 8 6 6 -0 4 Togo 296 495 633 561 550 687 748 620 759 736 740 4 1 6 4 3 9 Uganda 1,078 1,743 1,880 1,936 2,030 1,588 1,625 2,085 2,178 2,112 2,309 4 5 10 3 2 7 Zambia 984 612 1,758 1,170 882 1,573 1,137 798 1,057 1,037 1,069 -6 3 16 3 -2 6 Zimbabwe 1,989 481 2,498 2,780 987 3,127 2,723 1,829 1,987 2,513 2,027 4 1 5 6 1 5 NORTH AFRICA 16,445 23,322 21,343 26,455 20,803 34,593 24,318 29,519 27,330 24,350 28,611 -b 3 5 1 1 7 Algena 2,419 3,330 1,454 965 2,140 4,902 870 3,026 2,021 935 2,502 -2 5 4 7 -2 0 Egypt, Arab Republic 8,100 14,611 14,961 15,012 16,097 16,542 18,071 17,964 19,401 20,106 19,464 1 0 5 4 4 5 Libya 215 218 180 165 146 160 206 213 213 213 218 4 2 3 8 -2 3 Morocco 4,515 2,950 2,818 9,639 1,783 10,104 4,098 6,632 3,860 2,009 4,607 -2 2 12 2 -4 6 Tunisia 1,197 2,213 1,931 675 637 2,885 1,072 1,684 1,836 1,088 1,820 0 5 -19 2 1 2 ALL AFRICA 66,187 83,931 99,592 110,327 97,136 124,895 110,155 115,661 112,965 113,988 116,505 -0,5 7-3 25 228 Agriculture 8-9. Crop production index Average annual Index (average 1989-91 = 100) percentage growth 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75.84 85-89 90-AM SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 77 106 110 117 117 128 '127 132 134 134 136 -0.4 4 8 2.9 excluding South Africa 76 110 113 I18 120 130 129 136 337 136 139 -0,4 4.,6 3.3 excl S,Africa &Nigena 82 104 105 II1 112 121 119 126 126 124 128 -0.3 3,2 2.4 Angola 107 III 108 137 132 134 128 158 145 154 155 -6 5 0 9 4 3 Benin 52 III 127 129 146 163 178 174 172 189 185 3 2 4 3 6 5 Botswana 91 68 87 97 81 135 84 72 81 80 80 -6 4 13 1 -1 6 Burkina Faso 55 116 120 113 113 128 125 147 150 124 139 2 2 8 1 3 2 Buunmdi 77 108 105 90 96 96 96 90 93 87 97 0 8 3 3 -0 9 Camneroon 87 103 108 115 123 132 123 132 137 129 133 0 4 0 6 3 1 Cape Verde 79 73 82 73 70 99 82 86 129 107 107 3 0 22 5 1 3 Central African Republic 103 98 97 107 112 124 129 131 134 133 134 0 0 1 8 3 3 Chad 70 118 88 117 123 133 152 173 154 138 142 -1 2 6 6 4 5 Comoros 80 104 108 II] 115 113 116 126 133 120 121 0 8 4 6 2 2 Congo Democratic Rep of 74 105 104 106 90 89 86 87 84 82 80 2 4 2 8 -2 2 Congo, Republic of 86 98 100 108 114 119 119 115 124 126 128 1 8 1 3 2 4 C6te d'lvoire 71 102 99 101 114 123 128 125 130 146 132 3 3 4 8 3 3 Djibouti 66 104 105 108 310 112 116 116 121 122 122 29 6 2 4 2 0 Equatonal Guinea 77 100 97 97 98 98 96 95 103 99 99 0 6 1 5 0 0 Erntrea 93 158 133 110 109 211 171 129 146 4 0 Ethiopia 109 130 128 153 154 135 146 160 154 4 5 Gabon 79 103 300 103 106 309 113 117 117 121 322 4 6 4 0 2 0 Gamsbia, The 66 69 85 88 84 63 86 82 129 146 160 -1 0 4 0 3 3 Ghana 68 120 130 123 144 156 152 167 175 178 183 -2 5 4 7 6 3 Guinea 92 118 119 123 126 129 135 143 146 158 358 0 9 -1 1 4 3 Guinea-Bissau 63 104 104 106 133 116 126 130 139 145 350 3 7 1 8 3 8 Kenya 72 98 94 109 112 330 105 315 110 109 112 3 6 6 3 1 2 Lesotho 94 68 88 120 70 136 131 I11 113 190 191 -4 2 9 4 5 7 Liberia Madagascar 85 100 106 100 102 104 106 104 109 100 100 0 3 1 1 0 3 Malawi 84 83 335 89 I11 127 125 339 142 152 154 2 0 3 2 4 7 Mali 5 1 99 300 115 117 123 128 140 145 307 153 0 1 3114 3 5 Mauritania 61 89 III 138 149 152 140 136 118 138 145 2 4 17 5 3 5 Maunitius 80 105 301 92 100 98 306 104 75 95 101 0 1 0 1 -0 6 Mozambique III 79 93 91 113 130 141 155 157 131 135 -2 3 0 5 4 6 Namibia 80 74 88 103 92 104 132 100 III 131 123 1 9 2 2 2 7 Niger 92 113 89 126 103 127 92 173 147 128 158 2 1 9 2 4 0 Nigeria 53 3 20 126 130 135 144 147 153 157 161 161 .3 0 30 1 4 7 Rwanda 82 310 81 49 64 73 76 82 87 308 107 4 3 0 4 -0 2 S8o Tomd and Prncipe 117 123 127 331 124 134 139 148 160 166 166 -2 7 0 4 4 6 Senegal 57 84 94 96 130 97 88 82 132 127 129 -5 I 8 8 2 0 Seychelles 190 86 87 103 118 124 116 107 100 101 101 -2 8 -11 1 0 9 Sieffa Leone 81 92 91 98 90 95 102 92 78 70 70 1 0 2 2 -2 5 Somalia South Africa 92 68 93 106 83 110 108 99 307 113 101 -0 5 6 9 1 3 Sudan 124 145 112 157 149 180 173 170 157 159 163 -2 4 -0 9 51I Swaziland 74 82 77 84 71 87 88 87 95 84 84 3.6 1 9 -09 Tanzania 79 94 94 92 99 103 95 99 99 93 300 3 0 1 3 -01I Togo 71 98 116 114 114 142 346 141 142 139 141 3 8 5 2 3 9 Uganda 65 100 108 108 112 109 108 120 333 133 141 -3 2 4 4 2 9 Zambia 65 66 119 91 85 110 97 87 102 98 103 -2 5 10 6 0 3 Zimbabwe 76 59 100 106 78 120 126 117 113 134 318 -0 6 4 0 3 1 NORTH AFRICA 78 113 112 110 110 146 124 136 141 137 142 1 0 3 7 3 0 Algeria 83 127 109 93 314 155 104 130 135 134 135 -1.6 2 3 2.5 Egypt, Arab Republic 77 112 116 112 323 135 138 136 148 154 152 2 1 3 3 4 2 Libya 79 100 104 108 316 125 127 130 133 134 135 4 1 1 8 3 2 Morocco 59 73 74 110 62 122 91 111 97 87 95 0 6 9 7 0 4 Tunisia 75 103 114 73 68 144 87 115 128 122 117 0 6 -2 3 2 4 ALL AFRICA 77 108 111 115 135 131 126 133 336 135 137 -0, 1 4.6 29 Agriculture 229 8-10. Fertilizer use Average annual Thousands of metric tons percentage growth 1980 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHARA?'N AFRICA 1,973 1,927 1,917 2,169 1,957 1.834 2,100 2,006 2,009 2,074 1,983 4 4 1 4 0 0 excluding South Africa 909 1,186 1,184 1,326 1,204 1,067 1,296 1,245 1,226 1,297 1,225 5 3 5 6 0 0 exci. S,Aftica &Nigeiia 73 757 744 865 908 884 1,122 1,107 1,062 1,114 1.039' 2 4 5 1 3 2 Angola 1 7 7 9 8 1 0 8 6 2 3 3 1 -0 5 16 0 -17 2 Benin 1 12 1 5 1 7 1 7 36 3 1 39 38 57 35 7 5 -15 0 21 7 Botswana I I I I 1 2 3 4 4 5 5 -5 7 2 7 21 3 Burkina Faso 4 21 2 1 2 1 23 24 24 43 s0 43 34 23 4 11 1 8 0 Bunundi 1 2 5 4 3 3 3 1 4 4 4 11 4 15 1 -1 0 Camneroon 32 1 8 2 1 22 30 30 34 39 40 48 48 12 9 -7 8 8 3 Cape Verde 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 6 6 3 Cenitral African Republic I 1 I I 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 -III1 -17 9 -6 8 Chad 1 9 10 5 7 9 12 8 17 1 8 18 -4 9 -7 3 111I Comoros 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 Congo, Democratic Rep of 8 8 2 4 10 9 6 0 3 1 1 0 1 -9 8 -16 1 Congo, Republic of I 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 5 5 5 4 0 -33 9 18 9 C6tedlrvoiee 53 39 37 54 65 66 71 110 90 71 73 1 4 -6 6 9 5 Djibouti I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -44 2 Equatorial Guinea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Entrea I 1 2 5 6 7 1 1 1 1 50 3 Ethiopia 76 116 134 178 132 164 168 157 9 0 Gabon 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 9 -18 8 -11 8 Gambia, The 2 1 1 1 1 I I 1 3 1 1 7 9 -13 3 1 8 Ghana 12 8 10 8 8 10 1 7 2 1 15 IS5 12 -0 9 1 3 5 8 Guinea 0 2 1 2 4 5 4 2 3 3 3 -15 8 29 7 14 0 Guinea-Bissau 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 I 2 9 8 4 8 Kenya 62 113 102 100 130 78 161 134 127 150 141 6 1 4 8 3 3 Lesotho 5 6 6 6 5 6 6 6 6 5 6 18 1 2 3 1 0 Libena 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -11 1 24 9 Madagascar 9 9 8 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 7 1O 9 8 9 3 1 -1 5 II1 Malawi 33 70 74 74 21 44 58 57 50 50 33 12 4 8 8 -3 1 Mal 14 15 27 25 25 27 27 48 46 50 52 14 3 -16 4 12 4 Mauritania 1 5 7 5 4 4 5 2 2 2 0 -9 6 28 4 -6 2 Maunitius 27 28 27 26 29 32 38 33 33 35 36 0 7 2 7 2 6 MoLambique 28 5 5 3 6 8 8 7 8 8 14 6 5 -13 1 13 9 Nainibia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Niger 3 1 1 2 6 10 9 1 I 4 5 23 0 -2 8 4 6 Nigenia 174 429 440 461 296 183 174 138 164 183 187 23 8 7 1 -10 1 Rwanda 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 8 -18 3 -15 2 S58o Tome and Principe Senegal 19 17 17 24 26 16 22 23 27 4 1 45 -8 9 -3 7 10 9 Seychelles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sierra Leone 2 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 -3 5 -17 8 -16 3 Somalia I 0 0 0 0 0 I 1 1 1 1 7 3 8 6 -16 5 South Africa 1,064 740 733 843 752 767 804 761 783 777 758 3 6 -3 8 0 0 Sudan 81 56 60 53 58 52 95 77 38 39 38 -1 5 -1 0 -3 3 Swaziland 20 12 12 12 5 5 4 5 6 6 6 4 0 11 8 -9 9 Tanzanfa 36 50 48 36 36 27 31 40 30 21 22 -1 0 36 5 -13 3 Togo 3 12 12 10 11 16 18 17 17 17 20 8 6 10 8 5 4 Uganda I I 1 2 2 1 1 1 4 4 5 -16 2 -5 2 22 8 Zambia 79 62 85 85 59 55 51 57 37 34 30 2 2 6 4 -7 7 Zimbabwc 173 164 114 159 171 145 168 175 175 185 165 2 0 0 1 I 5 NORTH AFRICA 1,221 1,527 1,456 1,660 1,421 1,621 1,645 1,661 1,768 1,847 1,892 6.5 0.8 1.9 Algeria 236 92 97 131 119 46 38 97 108 93 92 1 6 -12 9 -3 1 Egypt, Arab Republic 664 963 877 988 843 1,126 1,158 1,079 1,171 1,197 1,270 7 5 2 7 3 0 Libya 53 85 86 III 75 89 62 62 51 87 57 14 2 -0 6 -3 2 Morocco 207 289 291 334 295 282 290 327 325 359 362 5 4 3 7 0 9 Tunisia 62 99 105 95 89 77 97 97 114 112 III 6 3 3 0 1 4 ALL AFRICA 3,194 3,454 3,373 3,829 3,378 3,455 3,744 3,667 3.777 3,921 3,876 5 3 1 2 0 8 230 Agriculture 8-11. Fertilizer imports Average annual Thousands of metric tons percentage growth 1980 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHARLAN AFRICA 971 1.088 1,043 1,154 1,273 1,218 1,005 1,429 1,424 1,443 1,513 5.9 -1 5 3-8 excluding South Afriea 742 933 858 950 1,074 1,019 820 1,207 1,155 1,155 1,187 6 8 -1.0 3 2 "clc S Afnca &Nigenia 565 645 651 710 793 729 796 1,130 1,064 1,000 1,070 3.7 2.6 6.0 Angola 17 7 7 9 8 10 8 6 2 5 2 -0 2 19 3 -14 9 Benin 1 I11 12 16 18 17 36 30 39 38 57 6 7 -16 1 25 1 Botswana 1 I I I I 1 3 4 4 4 5 -5 7 2 7 22 5 Burkina Faso 5 1 9 2 1 2 1 2 1 23 24 3 1 44 50 5 1 23 7 14 8 10 5 Bwunmdi 1 2 2 6 5 3 3 3 1 4 4 11 9 13 6 -2 9 Cameroon 32 23 1 8 2 1 22 47 32 34 39 40 50 13 2 -10 2 8 2 Cape Verde 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 6 Central African Republic I I I I 1 0 0 0 0 1 I -11 1 -17 9 -8 9 Chad 1 6 9 10 S 8 8 24 8 17 1 8 -49 -7 3 12 0 Comoros 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 9 Congo, DemocraticRep of 8 6 8 2 4 10 9 6 0 3 1 0 1 -9 8 -12 9 Congo, Republic of 1 2 I 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 34 9 -38 7 20 7 Cbte dIvoire 45 36 4 1 68 52 79 87 75 181 135 107 6 4 -9 3 15 7 Djibouti 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -44 2 Equatorial Guinea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Entrea . 1 2 2 6 6 7 1 1 4-88 Ethiopia 115 35 149 251 93 166 168 14 3 Gabon 0 1 1 I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 0 -18 8 -21 4 Gambia, The 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 3 1 7 9 -ISO0 3 7 Ghana 12 7 8 1 1 7 8 10 17 22 1 5 12 -2 3 15 5 3 9 Guinea 0 1 2 1 2 4 5 4 2 3 3 -16 0 29 7 15 9 Guinea-Bissau 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 9 8 -2 7 Kenya 62 107 113 102 100 131 78 161 134 127 153 5 2 4 6 3 5 Lesotho 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 6 18 1 2 3 2 2 Libena 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -11 1 24 9 Madagascar 9 11 9 8 11 11 13 17 10 9 5 3 1 -15 0.8 Malawi 33 48 76 68 74 21 44 58 57 50 45 13 9 4 8 -2 2 Mali 14 19 13 27 25 25 27 27 48 46 23 14 3 -16 4 84 Mauritania 1 5 7 9 7 4 4 5 2 0 0 -9 6 28 4 -48 Mauritius 17 29 25 28 22 24 24 38 36 24 28 0 0 5 5 0 7 Mozamnbique 20 3 5 5 3 6 9 8 7 8 8 24 2 -23 1 12 8 Namibia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Niger 3 2 1 1 2 5 8 9 1 1 3 23 0 -2 8 0 1 Nigenia 177 288 207 240 281 290 24 77 92 156 118 23 0 -101I -10 4 Rwanda 0 1 2 I 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 8 1 3 -16 4 Sao Tomd and Principe Senegal 1 6 29 3 1 27 35 1 4 1 8 1 6 34 34 35 -7 7 7 0 0 9 Seychelles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sierra Leone 2 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 -41 -17 7 0 3 Somalia 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 I I 1 1 0 9 20 5 South Africa 229 155 185 204 198 199 185 222 269 287 326 2 9 -41 6 4 Sudan 81 82 56 60 53 60 50 95 77 38 92 0 0 -2 6 1 7 Swaziland 18 13 12 12 12 5 5 4 5 6 6 1 2 11 8 -114 Tanzania 20 45 53 40 42 31 27 35 39 30 21 4 0 8 3 -5 8 Togo 3 12 7 12 13 13 14 22 17 17 17 7 6 9 6 6 4 Uganda I 0 1 1 2 2 I I I 4 4 -13 1 -5 2 21 2 Zamnbia 69 62 63 86 68 53 52 47 53 34 51 -1 I 42 3 -6 7 Zitmbabwe 56 46 39 44 49 63 33 81 87 70 77 5 9 0 3 7 8 NORT'HAFRICA 58 495 390t 344 332 312 381 287 432 473 475 -2.2 0 8 0.0 Algeria 189 40 28 19 26 52 19 5I 90 90 86 -1 8 -19 9 11 2 Egypt, Arab Republic 182 189 102 107 59 13 76 33 87 131 126 -10 2 6 6 -5 1 Libya 53 68 76 87 107 73 102 62 62 42 58 11 5 4 2 -40 Morocco 133 173 169 126 136 167 177 137 187 195 201 3 3 3 4 2 2 Tunisia 30 26 IS 6 4 7 7 4 7 15 5 -0 7 5 7 -6 4 ALL AFRICA 1,559 1,583 1,433 1,498 1,605 1,530 1,386 1,716 1,856 1,915 1,988 3 0 -08 2.8 Agriculture 231 8-12. Area under permanent crops Average annual Thousands of hectares percentage growth 1980 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 75.84 85-89 90-MR SUBI-SAHARAN AFRICA 123,663 134,344 135,566 149,757 150,549 152,912 153,462 154,296 155,075 155,330 155,692 0 7 0 8 1 7 excluding Souith Afnca I11,223 120,614 121,546 135,447 135,949 137.997 138,587 139,486 140,284 140,577 140,939 0 9 08 18 excl, S.AfTic & Nigetia 83373 90,814 91,624 105,403 105,784 107,626 109,887 111.286 112,084 112,377 112,739 1 0 0 8 2 5 Angola 2,900 2,950 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 0 0 0 0 0 3 Benin 1,500 1,620 1,630 1,650 1.680 1,710 1,750 1,800 1,850 1,900 1,950 1 7 0 6 I 8 Botswana 402 417 415 407 397 343 343 343 343 343 370 0 1 0 3 -2 1 Burkina Faso 2,745 3,495 3,470 3,450 3,381 3,400 3,500 3,600 3,700 3,750 3,800 1 8 4 4 0 7 Burundi 930 930 930 930 920 920 920 910 900 900 900 0 0 0 0 -0 4 Camneroon 5,910 5,950 5,960 5,960 5,960 5,960 5,960 5,960 5,960 5,960 5,960 0 8 0 1 0 0 Cape Verde 38 41 41 41 40 39 39 39 39 39 39 0 0 1 2 -0 5 Centra African Republic 1,870 1,920 1,930 1,930 1,930 1,930 1,930 1,930 1,930 1,930 1,930 0 5 0 2 0 0 Chad 3,137 3,322 3,342 3,370 3,390 3,420 3,470 3,500 3,520 3,520 3,520 0 S 0 6 0 8 Comoros 75 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 0 0 0 7 0 0 Congo, Democratic Rep of 6,620 6,680 6,700 6,700 6,700 6,700 6,700 6,700 6,700 6.700 6,700 0.2 0 1 0 0 Congo, Republic of 138 356 155 160 163 365 167 170 173 175 175 3 5 1 0 3 4 C6te d'Ivoire 1,955 2.450 2,600 2,902 2,905 2,920 2,930 2,950 2,950 2,950 2,950 1 9 0 9 2 1 Djibouti Equatorial Guinea 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 330 130 330 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 Enitrea 498 437 438 369 391 498 498 498 1 3 Ethiopia 10,000 9,822 9,850 9,850 9,900 9,950 30,000 10,000. 0 3 Gabon 290 295 295 295 295 325 325 325 325 325 325 2 5 0 0 1 3 Gambia, The 155 191 157 156 175 380 185 195 205 220 230 1 0 2 5 2 4 Ghana 1,900 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800 3,600 3,600 3,600 3,609 2 5 2 6 3 3 Guinea 702 735 755 785 820 883 885 885 885 885 885 0 4 0 3 2 3 Guinea-Bissau 255 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 1 0 1 0 0 0 Kenya 3,800 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 0 4 0 7 0 0 Lesotho 292 319 332 330 325 320 322 325 325 325 325 -2 3 1 5 0 4 Libena 371 390 390 370 370 370 370 370 380 380 380 0 4 1 2 -0 5 Madagascar 2,540 2,750 2,780 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,820 2,850 2,900 2,900 3 8 0 7 0 6 Malawi 1,518 1,823 3,830 1,837 1,845 1,875 1,900 1,950 2,000 2,050 2,100 3 0 0 7 1 3 Mali 2.0 10 2,063 2,163 3,060 3,160 3.379 4,606 4,606 4,606 4,606 4,630 1 0 0 4 9 9 Mauritania 230 410 420 431 470 498 488 488 488 488 488 4 0 6 3 2 5 Maunitius 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mozambique 2,870 3,500 3,520 3,520 3,570 3,650 3,750 3,900 4,000 3,950 3,900 0 7 2 0 1 5 Namibia 655 660 660 698 747 816 816 816 816 816 816 031 0 0 2 6 Niger 3,544 3,595 3,990 4,090 4,090 4,190 4,390 4,1 90 4,490 4,490 4,490 4 3 0 5 2 2 Nigena 27,850 29,800 29,922 30,044 30,165 30,371 28,700 28,200 28,200 28,200 28,200 0 3 0 7 -0 6 Rwanda 760 880 880 850 700 700 750 800 820 866 900 2 0 0 8 -0 3 Sao Tom6 and Prncipe I 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 0 0 10 4 8 9 Senega 2,341 2,323 2,320 2,318 2,333 2,230 2,250 2,254 2,263 2,333 2,362 0 0 .01I -0 I Seychelles I I I I I I I I I 1 I 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sierra Leone 450 486 486 486 485 485 485 484 484 484 490 1 1 0 7 0 0 Somalia 984 1,022 1,023 1,024 1,030 1,035 1,039 1,043 3,043 1,043 1,043 0 5 0 4 0 2 South Africa 12,440 13,730 14,020 14,310 14,600 14,915 14,875 14,810 14,791 14,753 14,753 -0 2 3 3 131 Sudan 32,360 13,000 12,900 14,618 15,000 16,157 16,672 16,600 36,500 16,380 16,233 0 4 0 6 2 8 Swaziland 385 383 179 378 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 -0 9 3 3 -4 Tanzania 3,300 3,550 3,600 3,650 3,700 3,748 3.750 3,750 3,750 3,750 4,000 4 8 1 1 1 0 Togo 1,950 2,100 2,100 2,200 2,200 2,200 2,300 2,330 2,410 2,530 2,530 1 2 0 6 1 9 Uganda 4,080 5,020 5,040 5,040 5,060 5,060 5,060 5,060 5,060 5,060 5,060 1 5 0 8 0 1 Zambia 5,094 5,249 5,254 5,254 5,254 5,260 5,260 5.260 5,260 5,260 5,260 0 4 0 4 0 0 Zimbabwe 2,505 2,928 2,966 3,004 3,042 3,080 3,165 3,251 3,220 3.220 3,220 0 8 1 4 I 3 NORTH4 AFRICA 21,635 22,962 23,668 23,953 23,996 23,969 24,310 24,337 24,222 24,049 23,991 -0.1 0 6 0.6 Algeria 6,875 7,260 7,562 7,533 7,477 7,519 7,523 7,650 7,661 7,673 7,675 0 0 0 7 0 7 Egypt, Arab Republic 2,286 2,267 2,449 2,617 2,740 2,837 2,820 2,834 2,834 2,834 2,825 -1 8 -0 3 2 4 Libya 1,753 1,810 1,815 1,815 1,825 3,870 2,028 2,028 1,835 1,815 1.815 0 2 0.3 0 4 Morocco 7,530 8,717 8,934 8,999 9,124 8,923 9,096 8,980 9,033 8,838 8,767 0 8 1 5 0.3 Tunisia 3,191 2.908 2,908 2,987 2.830 2,842 2,845 2.845 2.879 2.909 2,909 -1.1 -3 4 -0 1 ALL AFRICA 145,298 157,306 159,234 173,708 174,545 176,881 377,772 178,633 379,297 179,379 179.683 0 6 0 8 1 6 232 Agriculture 8-13. Agricultural yields by major crop Average annual' Thousands of hectograms per hectare percentage growth 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 73-84 85-89 90-MR ALOERIA Wheat 7 3 9 9 8 1 8 0 8 9 13 1 a80 8 8 10 7 9 2 11 0 11 0 2 7 3 0 1 6 Citrus 262 9 92 5 87 1 91 4 80 2 86 1 87 2 101 8 11I13 104 6 106 6 106 6 -1 8 -089 1 9 Dates 30 0 31 2 31 0 37 2 32 8 37 3 31 4 39 5 42 7 36 5 37 0 37 0 3 7 3 6 3 1 Barley 8 4 9 0 6 3 6 5 7 1 14 0 7 2 7 5 10 9 7 6 II I II 1 6 8 2 3 1 0 Potatoes 77 7 107 9 II112 95 1 136 8 134 6 141 0 160 3 153 5 166 1 160 0 160 0 0 2 -IS5 3 7 ANGOLA Coffee(green) 2 2 0 5 0 5 0 3 0 4 0 3 0 3 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 -8 1 -6 5 -0 9 Maize 6 0 3 8 2 6 2 5 3 5 7 0 6 0 7 4 6 4 5 7 6 1 6 1 -2 0 4 0 4 7 Millet 7 1 4 8 2 7 5 4 5 4 8 389 5 0 5 3 5 3 6 3 6 3 -2 5 0 5 1 3 Wheat 58I 8 0 8 6 100 16 7 16 7 16 7 17 l 17 4 17 4 17 5 17 5 -5 6 -0 7 5 3 Cassava 33 8 42 3 42 3 58 6 51 0 48 1 442 55 7 59 8 83 0 94 1 94 1 -0 7 -1 3 4 0 Swee eotloes 91 7 90 0 88!1 85 7 88!1 85 5 85 9 86 4 82 9 34 9 44 5 44 5 0 1 0 1 -2 1 BEN1N Seed Cotton 6 6 12 0 17 9 13 9 13 3 12 0 10 1 9 7 101I 10 6 11 0 11 7 -0 6 -3 2 -1II Maize 7 4 9 8 989 10 2 11 7 10 8 12 0 1III 12 5 11 5 11 0 8 8 0 3 -4 0 1 3 Sorghum 6 3 7 7 7 6 7 8 8 2 7 6 8 1 8 2 8 2 8 8 9 1 101I -1 2 0 1 0 8 Cassava 65 9 83 8 849 815 78 4 87 2 103 3 105 0 104 5 107 1 112 6 92 7 -2 4 -2 4 IS5 Yams 97 2 106 0 107 7 108 4 109 7 103 0 107 9 109 5 113 3 111 8 109 2 107 1 0 6 -1 4 -01I BOTSWANA Sorghsum 2 2 2 9 2 9 2 2 2 1 2 6 2 1 1 8 1 9 1 1 II I -15 4 -11 3 -4 5 Maize 2 5 1 9 1 4 1 7 1 2 2 5 3 9 1 4 2 5 I I I I I11 -12 7 13 1 -4 1 Millet 1 6 1 3 1 4 3 6 1 0 3 7 2 5 1 7 1 9 1 7 1 7 1 7 -8 0 -21 2 1 8 BURKINA FASO Seed Cotton 8 3 10 0 9 6 8 9 10 3 10!1 12 4 9 7 12 1 10 2 11 4 11 4 6 2 -2 7 0 1 Groundnuta SI1 6 2 9 5 8 4 6 6 10 4 6 5 10 0 10 4 7 1 9 1 9 1 3 1 -3 8 3 3 Sorghum 5 7 9 4 11 0 7 8 8 8 9 1 6 8 8 5 8 9 8 3 9 3 9 3 1 3 -1 3 0 9 Millet 4 9 6 5 7 0 6 3 7 2 7 5 5 2 7 8 7 4 64 7 6 7 7 2 8 -1 9 2 0 Maize 9 0 15 2 13 7 16 0 11 4 Is55 15 2 13 9 16 2 17 5 18 1 18 2 07 -3 9 06 BURUJNDI Coffee 63 93 82 9 4 7 3 7 9 7 0 6 1 94 7 4 7 2 8 3 09 2 5 -0 5 Tea 4 0 10 7 9 0 104 98 7 5 5 6 89 9 2 97 99 99 -4 2 3 4 0 9 Maize 108I 14 2 14 3 12 3 12 8 13 1 12 6 11 5 11 2 lOS5 10 8 10 8 04 -0 4 -1 6 Sorghum 10 0 1I15 11 3 99 13 2 13 2 12 4 12 5 12 0 12 2 12 6 12 6 0 1 IS 0 5 Rice,paddy 23 5 31 1 30 9 29 4 26 8 27 9 32 6 29 9 32 6 30 4 32 1 32 1 2 1 -6 2 -0 2 Millet 10 0 11 0 10 3 11 1 14 4 11 3 16 7 II I 11 2 10 5 lOS5 10 5 0 5 -0 3 -0 5 Bananas Cassava 90 9 92 0 89 9 87 9 83 5 85 8 86 2 88 8 88 2 90 0 89 1 89 1 -0 1 04 -01I CA-MEROQ7- Coffee 3 0 2 6 2 5 3 0 3 0 3 9 1 8 3 8 3 3 2 9 2 8 2 8 5 8 -8 5 03 Cocoa 2 6 2 9 2 9 3 1 3 7 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 1 3 3 3 1 3 1 3 3 -0 4 03 Seed Cotton 12 9 12 7 123 10 8 10 3 11 7 10 9 113 10 9 10 3 11 9 10 0 6 7 -3 1 -0 9 Maize 83 14 0 11 3 11 6 155 18 8 20 3 18 9 25 9 26 2 24 3 24 3 -0 7 -0 6 1 9 Sorghum 8 7 7 6 7 6 7 3 87 83 8 9 II I 11 2 12 0 12 5 12 5 1 2 -4 6 2 5 Millet 7 6 10 0 10 3 10 0 10 2 101I 101 101o 101I 101I 10 1 35 0 0 8 -5 0 0 9 Rice 23 4 35 0 29 0 36 2 353 31 4 33 6 35 5 33 1 35 0 35 0 35 0 1 8 -1 7 -1 0 Cassava 59 0 136 3 131 8 127 0 l1187 115 5 106 6 90 0 143 5 108 5 113 3 113 3 -1 3 1 0 -1 9 Planitains CENThALAFRICAN REPUBLIC Coffee 3 6 5 0 4 1 8 2 4 7 7 2 6 0 4 8 4 5 5 2 4 9 4 9 -1 1 -2 1 -0 8 Seed Cotton 3 4 6 0 6 6 6 6 7 6 7 3 7 3 7 0 7 0 4 6 7 7 8 6 3 9 3 0 0 7 Sorghum 6 5 12 6 11 6 8 0 7 3 7 8 8 4 88 12 9 13 6 14 4 14 4 -1 0 -8 4 1 4 Matze 389 9 0 9 0 8 5 8 5 8 5 9 2 9 8 10 6 11 2 11 9 11 9 II -1 2 2 0 Groundnuts 10 1 98a 98a 94 9 4 9 3 8 8 10 2 11 0 11 6 12 2 12 2 -0 8 -2 0 IS5 Cassava 30 7 34 5 34 5 31 0 28 9 29 2 30 5 30 4 28 0 28 0 28 1 28 1 08 -0 6 -08a Yams 60 0 68 4 65 0 66 7 66 7 68 0 68 0 67 9 67 9 67 9 67 9 67 9 -1 5 -0 7 02 CRAD3 Seed Cotton 5 1 6 3 61 7 7 7 6 7 9 6 8 5 4 5 9 6 4 6 3 6 1 3 0 3 6 -0 6 Sorghum SI1 7 4 4 9 7 8 6 5 6 0 5 8 7 2 7 1 6 0 63 6 4 09 -I I I I Millet 4 7 5 2 4 2 4 9 3 6 4 1 3 8 4 5 4 6 3 3 47 4 5 21 -2 1 II1 Groundnuts 5 7 8 1 7 1 7 5 9 2 9 6 8 8 112 9 7 8 2 9 4 9 4 1 1 -4 9 1 6 75-MORG$ Bananas Cassava 48 5 56 6 57 9 53 6 53 3 54 0 53 9 54 1 54 1 50 0 54 1 55 0 -2 1 1 3 0 4 (Table continues on the following page) Agriculture 233 8-13. Agricultural yields by major crop (continued) Average annual' Thousands of hectograns per hectare percentage growth 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 75-84 85-89 90-MR CONGO Coffee 80 42 43 44 46 47 42 27 30 30 30 30 -56 -71 -23 Cocoabeans 56 39 39 40 40 3 1 32 33 30 30 30 30 02 08 -I 8 Maize 81 71 73 76 80 85 89 98 80 80 80 80 -18 -17 18 Cassava 68 8 73 9 65 6 76 1 78 6 813 82 1 777 900 900 900 900 05 04 1 6 Plantains COTE D'IVOIRE Coffee 24 32 17 18 21 21 34 39 38 41 31 23 -46 49 28 Cocoa 50 56 55 54 57 57 56 57 56 59 55 45 01 00 01 Oil Palm, friwt Rice 117 102 134 112 118 236 267 248 237 241 238 160 13 -01 50 Maize 81 78 78 79 81 82 82 82 116 99 82 86 32 00 19 Cassava 52 3 50 1 49 5 50 5 51.9 55 6 53 1 56 4 56 0 52 8 52 8 53 1 0 3 -01 0 3 Yams 90 7 89 0 88 0 89 6 89 7 88 6 87 9 85.9 84 1 84 3 83 9 85 7 12 0 1 -0 7 EGYPT Seed Cotton 26 9 27 6 29 2 22 4 214 24 8 25 5 18 9 22 8 261 17 2 17 2 4 0 2 2 -0 8 Rice, paddy 58 3 76 5 77 2 791 814 82 9 84 2 86 4 88 8 910 92 8 93 0 16 -0 7 13 Wheat 31 2 52 5 53 0 50 0 54 2 56 4 56 0 59 9 63 5 63 4 63 6 60 1 -0 3 0 9 1 4 Sugarcane 8125 1,0291 1,0617 1,0934 1,095 3 1,1074 1,1225 1,172 0 1,1817 1,1722 1,1881 1,198 4 -50 10 Dry Broadbeans 20 7 21 4 35 1 22 7 31 7 32 0 31 9 32 3 22 9 31 1 31 4 31 4 0 0 -0 5 -1 I EQUATORIAL GUINEA Cocoa 11 07 05 06 1 1 07 10 07 09 08 08 08 24 24 -I I Coffee(green) 34 37 37 37 37 36 36 36 37 37 37 37 10 00 -0 1 Cassava 246 261 261 261 261 25 3 25 0 25 3 25 0 250 25 0 25 0 -0 00 -01 ETHIOPIA Coffee(green) 24 39 43 43 27 37 26 24 24 24 24 24 10 -27 Sorghum Maize 166 176 179 177 152 157 157 161 164 162 163 163 02 -02 Barley GABON Coffee(green) 24 39 43 43 27 37 26 24 24 24 24 24 30 to -27 Sugarcane 4975 4889 5420 5686 5695 5286 5199 5468 5068 5912 5875 5875 153 03 04 Maize 16 6 17 6 17 9 17 7 15 2 15 7 15 7 161 16 4 16 2 16 3 16 3 15 0 2 -0 2 Cassava 500 51 1 493 491 501 49 8 491 504 49 8 507 51 1 511 -01 -01 01 Taro(cocoyam) 588 576 604 617 596 600 605 61 1 616 62 1 62 1 62 1 0 1 14 05 Yams 56 4 66 7 64 7 69 4 68 4 67 5 70 0 72 5 75 0 70 5 70 5 70 5 1 0 0 4 0 8 GAMBIA,THE Groundnuts 87 85 121 108 96 71 11 104 124 117 115 115 07 09 10 SeedCotton 69 75 94 59 42 47 44 30 33 33 51 51 41 -06 -37 Oil Palm, frut Millet 87 112 103 106 98 110 90 96 112 110 108 108 04 06 07 Rsce,paddy 197 173 146 154 123 107 102 134 217 221 121 121 108 -33 08 Maize 107 151 163 126 129 122 117 143 159 161 169 169 34 -23 14 Sorghum 80 95 110 106 85 108 96 8 1 111 127 166 166 29 -57 25 GIIANA Cocoa 23 43 36 42 40 38 30 30 31 29 30 30 01 -54 -13 Maize 8 7 12 0 15 1 14 9 15 1 15 2 15 3 14 9 14 6 14 6 13 2 13 0 0 0 -4 1 0 4 Millet 59 64 97 88 98 102 84 95 86 81 70 70 04 19 24 Groundnuts 170 77 88 94 93 90 87 109 104 96 102 100 20 -19 21 Cassava 808 1026 1123 1158 1199 1204 1188 1148 1225 1228 1234 1234 05 -20 15 Plantamns GUINEA Coffee(green) 3 2 53 52 55 5 1 4 1 40 42 42 41 4 1 4 1 00 -4 1 -14 Oil Palm, friwt Rice,paddy 90 133 138 138 144 147 149 152 150 15 0I5O 150 06 -24 15 Mauze 100 107 104 103 97 99 101 104 103 103 103 103 -15 00 00 Groundnuts 66 101 88 92 91 95 98 103 100 100 100 100 02 -10 12 Cassava 700 717 755 719 630 612 597 580 570 625 625 625 00 -03 -16 GUINEA-BISSAU Groundnuts 35 101 100 117 110 110 116 113 119 119 119 119 -05 -46 19 Rice,paddy 70 190 197 201 191 184 167 145 118 149 182 182 -29 05 -22 Sorghum 64 86 90 92 93 91 83 75 97 75 83 83 -25 -35 -06 Millet 72 86 86 77 91 86 32 80 83 92 92 92 04 -36 -03 Maize 100 95 93 93 100 94 100 10.0 181 171 96 96 15 -32 14 (Table continues on the follovwng page) 234 Agriculture 8-13. Agricultural yields by major crop (oonfinued) Average annual* 7'housands ofhectograms per hectare percentage growth 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 75-84 85-89 90-MR KEN'YA Coffee(green) 8 9 5 5 4 7 5 0 5 9 5 5 3 9 3 0 4 0 5 6 4 5 4 5 -2 3 -3 5 -2 4 Tea 11 7 18 2 20 1 19 8 22 0 22 6 19 4 24 7 21 6 19 3 21 2 21 2 1 2 -0 4 0 7 Sugarcane 1,211 8 877 7 841 3 662 1 810 4 815 a 794 6 844 8 866 7 819 0 858 3 858 3 4 0 -3 3 -1 4 Sisal 9 9 11 4 11 7 11 3 13 2 13 4 13 4 9 0 7 0 12 5 12 5 12 5 1 1 0 1 -1 7 Maize 12 0 17 3 16 0 20 4 19 6 14 5 14 7 16 0 14 7 14 0 18 0 18 0 -2 1 -2 8 0 0 Wheat 21 6 12 6 9 7 19 2 19 6 18 5 14 5 17 7 14 8 13 7 13 6 13 6 2 1 4 2 -0 2 !ESOTHO  Wheat 97 86 73 42 62 13 3 11 8 11 6 12 3 16 7 16 7 16 7 -2 0 09 75 Dry Peas 7 8 5 6 5 4 3 1 2 9 9 2 3 5 5 8 7 8 5 2 5 2 5 2 2 1 -6 3 9 9 Dry Beans 5 2 2 9 10 7 3 2 12 4 6 3 10 4 8 4 8 0 6 4 6 6 6 6 0 7 -3 0 -1 I Minze 9 6 5 8 8 9 8 6 8 1 12 5 9 9 9 5 9 4 16 7 16 9 16 9 0 7 -5 3 3 5 Sorghum 9 7 6 1 13 0 8 8 8 0 8 6 a 1 7 6 11 1 8 6 8 7 8 7 1 7 -8 7 1 4 LIBERIA Rubber 7 6 10 7 10 0 6 7 9 3 10 0 9 9 9 4 10 0 10 6 9 6 9 6 -2 0 0 1 -0 4 Coffee(green) 4 6 1 9 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 0 3 -3 5 3 7 Cocoa 2 3 0 9 0 8 0 9 1 3 1 3 1 2 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 12 8 -1 6 -4 8 3 3 Rice, paddy 12 3 9 2 10 8 11 I 11 2 12 5 12 5 12 9 12 8 12 8 12 8 12 8 0 4 0 3 2 0 Cassava 66 7 66 7 61 3 62 5 60 3 65 0 65 2 65 3 65 1 65 7 65 7 65 7 0 9 0 6 -0 2 YA Wheat 5 2 11 9 8 4 7 7 7 3 7 3 10 1 8 8 7 9 7 6 7 9 7 9 1 3 1 5 -3 0 MADAGASCAR Coffee 3 7 3 7 3 7 4 2 3 5 3 5 2 9 3 1 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 -1 8 -0 8 -0 5 Vanilla 0 4 0 4 0 7 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 -3 9 7 4 1 4 Cloves 1 7 1 4 2 1 1 8 1 7 1 7 1 8 1 7 1 9 2 0 2 0 2 0 -11 7 -3 8 1 3 Rice 17 6 20 9 20 8 20 7 21 3 21 9 21 7 20 3 21 5 19 1 19 0 19 0 -1 I 0 3 -0 I Cassava 60 8 67 1 67 7 67 4 68 9 67 4 67 5 67 0 68 0 63 7 63 7 63 7 -1 4 0 8 -0 I Sweet 224toes 48 6 53 1 51 1 53 8 59 1 58 1 56 0 54 3 55 9 54 2 54 5 54 5 -3 9 -0 4 0 4 MALAWI Tobacco leaves 8 6 9 7 10 0 12 5 12 2 12 4 13 8 10 9 7 3 8 3 7 2 5 7 1 7 -1 2 -1 5 Tm 17 1 15 4 21 3 18 7 18 2 19 8 23 4 21 5 22 3 24 6 24 5 25 3 1 1 4 3 0 6 Gromdnuts 7 1 4 0 9 0 3 2 3 6 5 6 6 9 6 9 7 3 6 9 8 1 7 6 -0 3 0 5 -0 7 Seed Cotton 6 9 7 5 9 4 5 9 4 2 4 7 4 4 3 0 3 3 3 3 5 1 5 1 4 1 -0 6 -3 7 Maize 12 2 4 8 15 3 9 2 13 5 14 4 9 9 13 7 18 1 17 4 11 0 10 7 -0 4 -2 3 2 8 Sorghum 6 7 1 4 4 9 3 1 7 3 7 2 4 7 6 1 7 0 6 7 6 8 7 2 -3 5 -7 4 2 6 Cassava 58 4 20 1 28 8 34 7 34 7 45 9 56 7 54 6 53 9 152 5 166 9 149 6 0 8 1 7 8 8 MAU Seed Cotton 10 6 13 6 12 8 11 5 12 1 10 7 10 5 10 3 9 5 10 7 10 7 11 5 0 8 0 2 -2 1 Gromdnuts 8 9 7 5 7 8 8 4 9 4 9 8 9 5 8 8 7 7 9 7 7 3 8 2 -2 1 -6 3 -0 4 Nbliet 6 2 5 9 5 4 6 4 5 5 7 9 7 3 8 9 8 8 7 0 5 5 8 3 7 0 0 8 1 5 Rice, paddy 9 7 17 6 17 4 16 5 15 5 19 1 17 6 22 0 22 4 21 1 20 0 20 5 -2 1 2 8 2 1 Sorghum 8 0 6 4 7 5 7 6 8 3 10 0 9 8 9 7 9 4 8 4 7 4 9 3 7 2 0 7 0 8 Maizi: 11 I 10 I 11 0 11 3 13 0 15 8 17 0 16 4 14 5 13 3 11 5 8 7 9 0 -0 6 0 6 AMURffANIA Sorghum 3 2 5 0 5 9 5 8 6 4 6 9 4 1 4 7 4 4 5 0 4 7 4 7 -6 7 3 9 0 0 Rice 32 0 39 9 32 9 27 4 39 4 38 3 37 2 40 6 23 8 42 4 37 3 37 3 2 3 1 5 -0 I Millet 2 3 2 6 2 6 2 9 3 6 3 4 1 4 1 6 4 1 3 3 3 1 3 1 -2 6 -7 2 1 4 Mmze 6 5 7 7 12 3 5 0 8 0 5 9 8 6 8 4 6 4 6 2 7 8 7 8 0 4 -8 5 -0 7 MAVRrITUS Sugarcane 576 8 770 0 729 7 659 2 716 6 732 6 794 9 781 2 535 5 698 9 705 1 705 1 -1 3 1 7 -1 I Potatoes 165 6 192 1 200 9 175 7 198 5 195 9 215 8 176 0 239 4 204 9 200 0 200 0 1 7 0 3 0 4 Onions 107 6 151 4 164 6 176 0 184 4 177 9 171 3 220 6 201 5 202 4 210 0 210 0 4 1 -3 1 3 1 MOROCCO Wheat 10 6 7 0 6 8 18 1 5 5 IS 4 9 3 14 2 8 0 4 8 12 3 12 8 5 7 -9 9 -0 4 Sugarbect 353 5 528 6 490 6 499 8 467 7 487 1 415 4 577 2 533 2 533 0 545 1 554 6 1 4 -1 7 1 4 Barley 10 3 4 8 4 8 14 4 3 9 15 8 6 6 8 1 7 1 2 1 5 4 7 8 4 3 -14 5 -0 6 MOZAMBIQUE Seed Cotton 4 9 5 8 6 1 6 6 6 0 6 8 4 4 4 6 4 8 4 7 4 7 4 7 3 4 4 3 0 4 Tea 10 3 5 1 8 4 10 0 4 9 8 4 7 5 7 5 8 0 18 6 18 6 18 6 1 0 8 1 3 5 Mmze 5 4 1 6 6 3 5 2 6 8 9 4 9 0 9 0 10 8 9 4 9 0 9 0 4 8 -5 5 7 2 Rice, paddy 8 3 3 0 6 2 8 3 8 7 9 7 10 9 10 6 10 0 9 6 9 6 9 6 2 9 -1 I , 3 7 Cassava 41 4 33 3 41 7 36 9 42 4 47 7 53 8 55 6 55 9 57 9 57 9 57 9 -0 2 0 5 2 0 NAMIBIA Wheat 25 0 51 9 43 8 52 5 40 0 43 8 46 4 60 3 55 5 56 4 80 0 80 0 2 8 -2 4 1 6 Mmze 12 3 2 4 7 8 11 5 8 8 6 8 15 7 6 6 5 3 7 2 13 3 13 3 0 5 -11 6 -2 6 (Table continues on the following page) Agriculture 235 8-13. Agricultural yields by major crop (continued) Averuge annual T'housands of hectogrwns per hect are percentage growth 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 75-84 85-89 90-MR NIGER Cowpeas 2 4 1 0 0 5 1 8 0 5 I10 0 6 2 1 II I I 1 2 1 2 0 5 -9 4 3 4 Groundnuts 6 7 3 3 2 3 4 5 38I 4 7 3 8 4 9 4!1 3 1 8 2 8 2 -1 7 -II1 4 1 Millet 4 4 3 6 3 5 4 0 3 4 3 5 3 0 4 5 4 3 3 3 4 6 4 6 0 4 -6 2 0 9 Sorghum 48 IS 1 3 2 0 14 1 9 15 2 2 2 3 17 2 5 25 -13 -49 3 0 NIGERIA Coc-oa 2 2 4 0 4 2 4 3 2 6 4 4 4 3 5 0 3 0 3 5 3 5 3 5 -2 3 -7 3 0 2 Oil Palm, fruit Seed Cotton 1 8 53 5 3 5 3 5 8 6 7 8 1 7 3 7 4 7 4 7 4 4 0 -8 8 -2 2 2 1 Groundnuts 8 4 12 4 11 8 9 2 8 9 101I It 9 7 10 9 10 9 9 8 10 7 1I -30 -2 0 Sorghum 11 2 108 10 8 10 8 11 5 11 4 II I 11 3 11 3 11 2 10 2 11 3 5 6 0 0 0 7 Millet 8 3 10 3 9 5 9 5 10 9 10 6 lOS8 10 6 10 6 10 5 9 4 10 5 3 4 -0 5 0 3 Maize 13 2 11 2 11 8 12 7 12 7 13 3 12 5 13 2 13 8 10 3 11 4 12 7 2 6 -2 1 0 9 Rice,paddy 19 8 19 6 19 6 14 2 16 3 17 5 16 0 16 0 15 0 15 0 12 5 15 0 5 3 8 -2 2 Yams 105 4 113 5 113 5 114 0 107 7 106 8 110 5 94 4 95 5 95 6 90 5 97 6 0 4 -5 4 -0 8 Cassava 95 8 105 9 105 9 105 9 106 7 106 6 118 8 107 5 106 4 105 6 95 0 106 5 0 2 -0 9 -0 3 RWANDA Coffee(green) 6 9 6 8 5 2 2 8 11 0 7 6 7 4 5 7 7 0 6 0 6 4 6 3 0 3 2 5 -0 2 Tea 7 4 II I 11 2 4 6 6 0 8 2 11 0 12 2 12 9 121I 12 5 12 5 -49 -04 0 1 Sorghum 12 4 7 5 12 8 6 9 11 5 13 6 11 2 lOS 8 3 8 9 10 7 10 7 0 8 2 9 -IS5 Maize 11 8 12 3 17 4 16 8 11 2 11 I 10 9 8 2 7 6 7 0 8 2 8 2 0 2 0 4 -2 5 Plantains Sweet potatoes 76 3 66 0 60 4 34 1 50 0 51 1 49 7 50 5 47 9 59 1 59 1 59 1 1 2 6 -1 0 SENEGAL Groundnuts 4 9 6 0 8 5 7 6 9 4 7 0 6 9 10 4 II1 9 7 98 10 0 3 5 4 6 2 0 Seed Cotton 6 9 10 7 11 4 11 0 8 2 7 6 9 7 2 6 10 9 9 2 10 9 10 9 -2 4 1 9 -2 7 Millet 4 7 5 8 6 7 5 9 7 5 6 2 5 2 5 6 6 7 7 1 5 9 5 9 2 9 5 4 0 0 Rice,paddy 9 6 24 1 24 8 20 9 22 5 20 2 23 3 27 2 25 0 23 5 27 7 27 7 1 2 -1 4 03 Maize 7 3 10 9 12 7 101I 10 9 10 4 9 7 83 9 4 1III 12 0 12 0 -5 1 03 -11I SoTrhum 7 7 8 9 7 8 8 7 8 6 89 7 7 5 9 6 4 8 7 8 0 8 0 2 1 -0 6 -1 2 SIERRA LEONE Cocoa 4 0 2 7 2 7 3 7 3 7 3 7 3 7 3 7 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 01 -0 7 01 Coffee(green) 12 7 23 0 23 0 18 5 17 9 17 9 21 9 18 6 11 0 11 0 11 0 11 0 19 -0 9 -4 4 Palm oil Rice, paddy 12 5 13 5 12 7 12 3 13 0 13 5 13 0 11 5 11 6 10 9 10 9 10 9 -1 4 -1 2 - II Cassva 38 0 53 3 45 8 58 7 58 5 58 6 49 9 51 6 51 8 51 8 51 8 51 8 -3 0 -3 1 -0 2 SOMALIA Bananas Maize 101I 10 1 9 9 4 1 7 3 71 6 4 7 5 7 2 8 4 8 4 84 -0 8 -3 1 -2 8 Sorghum 3 1 3 1 2 9 4 1 3 4 3 2 3 1 3 6 3 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 0 -IS5 -1 7 Sesame 4 6 3 8 3 1 3 0 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 0 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 -3 1 -1 3 -1 9 SOUTH AFRICA Maize 24 2 7 9 22 8 28 5 13 8 27 0 25 2 21 6 22 3 30 0 24 9 27 2 3 8 -3 3 20 Wheat 9 0 17 7 18 5 17 6 14 5 21 0 17 6 25 3 24 1 27 7 26 1 25 5 -1 6 3 2 4 5 Sugarcane 661 4 471 6 422 9 582 4 612 0 699 2 747 0 724 8 672 1 741 7 657 2 694 3 -2 0 2 0 0 6 Sorghum 26 9 62 21 6 22 9 16 1 30 8 26 9 27 3 22 6 33 2 23 4 31 6 4 4 -0 3 3 9 Barley 8 8 19 2 19 8 22 9 24 0 13 9 13 8 18 2 91 161 19 8 18 3 2 9 8 3 -1 6 SUDAN Seed Canon 8 2 11 4 12 1 14 1 12 4 12 1 14 6 12 3 8 6 13 5 13 7 12 0 3 2 3 0 -1 3 Groundnuts 8 0 7 0 5 5 8 0 6 8 8 6 7 2 56 6 9 6 9 6 5 65 -1 7 -2 4 03 Sesarne 2 6 2 0 1 4 1 3 2 1 2 2 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 5 1 4 1 7 0 6 5 5 -0 7 Sorghum 71 6 5 I 5 7 4 9 64 4 4 6 8 52 5 9 78 21 4 -2 9 -99 2 1 Wheat 12 1 23 2 13 8 13 3 16 1 17 7 195 22 9 121 23 3 25 2 21 4 -0 4 0 8 0 6 SWAZILAND Sugarcane 1,077 2 971 2 911 8 946 5 908 4 986 0 953 9 1,009 7 1,080 8 1,064 3 1,064 3 1,064 3 03 -0 1 04 Seed Cotton 10 2 4 5 9 5 8 8 8 8 13 3 7 9 7 3 6 6 8 0 8 0 8 0 -1 6 2 9 -3 0 Maize 13 6 9 4 12 2 17 6 12 7 24 5 17 8 19 2 17 4 15 4 15 4 15 4 -2 1 -0 9 2 8 TANZANIA Coffee 4 2 4 2 4 4 2 8 3 5 4 2 4 0 3 5 4 0 4 0 4 5 4 5 -0 4 3 6 -0 4 Seed Cotton 45 7 1 3 1 3 8 6 8 5 8 4 7 4 6 54 5 8 5 8 58a -1 9 2 1 09 Tea 10 9 11 8 12 0 13 2 13 1 13 0 13 4 11 8 13 2 12 4 134 13 4 3 1 2 6 04 Maize 12 3 11 7 12 5 13 4 163 16 2 II?7 12 9 13 9 14 6 ISO0 17 2 0 6 1 6 0 9 Rice 11 9 12 8 18 1 17 4 15 8 15 7 III1 13 0 10 7 10 3 12 8 12 8 -1 2 -0 5 -2 3 Sorghum 6 9 8 6 11 2 7 2 12 2 13 1 8 0 9 5 8 5 10 4 it19 10 7 103 1 3 0 1 Millet 7 6 8 5 65 6 4 l113 12 4 98a 88 9 9 7 5 10 0 10 0 3 0 4 2 0 3 Cassava 107 3 1040 104 0 104 0 102 1 101 9 86 0 94 4 95 1 67 9 74 2 74 2 0 7 -0 3 -2 2 (Table continues on the folloving page) 236 Agriculture 8-13. Agricultural yields by major crop Average annual* 7housands of hectograms per hectare percentage growth 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 75-84 85-89 90-M To-.o Coffee(green) 49 16 28 24 25 46 22 41 35 32 35 35 28 32 -14 Cocoa 4 5 20 23 1 8 2 8 66 27 5 7 3 3 3 1 37 3 7 -1 8 44 62 SeedCotton 77 125 124 139 106 133 97 89 87 83 100 100 72 66 -16 Maize 92 101 116 93 86 94 107 87 120 120 114 114 35 _35 07 Sorghum 75 78 64 54 87 63 73 67 80 83 77 77 13 -28 02 Millet 26 56 50 37 67 47 52 45 47 47 52 52 -79 05 04 Cassava 103 3 68 9 68 6 58 8 59 2 56 9 62 3 62 2 60 6 56 5 59 8 59 8 -7 9 2 5 -1 7 Yams 866 833 1034 982 858 872 1099 991 1092 110 0 101 8 101 8 03 -30 09 TURNISIA Wheat 102 170 137 107 128 162 111 142 142 115 200 141 55 139 01 BarleY 77 120 93 59 66 119 52 116 90 65 117 91 41 205 -05 UGANDA Coffee(green) 60 42 55 75 69 103 81 77 92 48 75 75 -06 12 36 SeedCotton 04 13 30 33 33 45 28 26 26 27 27 27 -107 -14 19 Millet 165 160 151 148 160 110 127 160 161 139 150 150 32 24 00 Maize 111 150 160 151 160 130 124 150 173 174 180 180 07 -04 11 Sorghum 179 150 150 150 150 110 107 150 150 129 150 150 32 20 -01 Cassava 686 800 851 650 670 670 670 900 1300 1238 1350 1350 -13 08 24 Plantains ZAIRE Coffee(green) 37 32 36 35 37 32 37 37 32 29 25 27 -1 I 09 -07 Palm oil Maize 80 81 83 83 79 80 82 83 80 80 80 80 11 11 -01 Rice 80 73 72 73 74 75 76 76 76 76 76 76 01 00 -03 Cassava 700 800 781 772 814 811 811 811 811 811 811 811 01 00 01 Plantains ZAMBIA SeedCotton 50 43 73 78 67 56 143 132 133 124 124 124 -56 -52 52 Tobaccoleaves 104 44 51 67 83 105 108 109 123 121 121 121 36 112 11 Sunflower 92 05 54 66 65 56 38 36 51 54 55 55 -26 57 44 Maize 169 73 252 150 142 209 148 156 143 150 150 150 02 -60 02 Wheat 40 7 43 3 40 1 43 0 50 0 55 8 66 2 56 7 74 8 62 1 62 0 62 0 -2 9 -4 9 2 7 Cassava 61 8 620 620 620 620 620 620 620 57 1 494 576 576 00 00 -05 ZIMABW~E TobacCOleaves 195 243 219 246 242 242 220 263 219 25 1 246 218 1 0 07 02 SeedCotton 175 27 86 78 46 92 89 92 91 88 87 48 06 -40 16 Sugarcane 1,0312 893 5978 1,0725 1,1097 9051 1,0816 9622 1,083 0 983 1 9762 9762 19 -07 29 Maize 134 41 163 166 60 170 134 116 105 149 120 80 -30 -129 -05 Wheat 497 483 703 561 208 549 517 538 561 581 550 414 16 -01 00 Notes The following commodities are in their least-processed form unless otherwise indicated Cotton, seed cotton GroundnUts, unshelled Coffee, green or roasted Rice, paddy Cloves, whole Cocoa, beans Tobacco, leaves Sunflower, seeds I hectogram - 100 Trms 3 527 oz Countries excluded from listing Cape Verde, Djibouti, Sao Tome and Principe, and Seychelles For livestock "yield", see Table 8 6 Food Output by Major Crops The standard World Bank least square methodology was used to compute the annual percentage growth Agriculture 237 8-14. Incidence of drought D=Significant shortage ofrain 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 SUB-SARARAN AFICA -. excluding South Afica * ,* excluding South Africa & Nigeria . , ,. Angola Benin Botswana D D D Burfina Faso D D Burundi D D D Cameroon D D Cape Verde D D D D D D Central Afncan Republic Chad D D D D D D Comoros Congo, Democratic Rep of Congo, Republic of Cdte d'lvoire D Djibouti D D Equatonal Guinea Entrea D D D D Ethiopia D D D D D D D D Gabon Gambia, The Ghana D D Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya D D D D D D Lesotho D D Libena Madagascar D D Malawi D D D D D Mali Mauntania Mauntius Mozambique D. D D Namibia D D Niger D D D D D D Nigena Rwanda D D D D D Sao Tome and Pnncipe Senegal Seychelles SierTa Leone Somalia D South Africa D D D Sudan D D D D D D Swaziland D D D Tanzania D D D D D Togo D Uganda D D D Zambia D D D D D Zimbabwe D D D NORTH AFRICA Algena D D D D D D D D Egypt, Arab Republic Libya Morocco D D D D Tunisia D D D ALL AFRICA 238 Agriculture Figure 8-1. Food price index, 2000* (Index, average 1995 = 100) 0 50 100 150 200 250 Ghana Zambia__ _} Madagascar Botswana Con_g South Afn_ca Kenya Algeria Mauritania Maantusa Barkina Fuse Egypt Arab Rep Niger _ 1 -_ _ Chad Tunide Namibia Canernoon Leso.tho ._ _ Gambia Ile _ Benin Ethiopia_ Gabon Uganda Senegal1_1 Central African Repubdl_ Morocco _ =| 1 Gul.ea AnOeyear aala Burundi XOr most recent year available Agriculture 239 Figure 8-2. Food production per capita index, 2001* (Index, average 1989-91 = 100) 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 S.o Tome and Principe = _ _ - __-_ _- Ghana___I=i Molaw, _ _g _ _ Sudan Lib,a Egypt Arab Rep Se)che,len _ _ ---_-_--_ _ Guinea Nagena 1 _ ___i Algena _ Guinea-Bissau Central Afncan Republic Cape Verde _ __ _ Angola Gambia The Lesaiha 1 Ethmnpma __ i Senegal --------__- Burkina IFn -= - - - - Cole d lokey Cameroon Uganda Togo _ _ --_= Chad Mali _ _ _ Congosur Rwanda __ NIMo- bique .......__... ..... ConoDmocro ic Reib a Ormontrec Ntyr aval:al Zl`abwej South Africa _ _ _ Gabon___i Equatorial Guinea _ _ __ Burundi Zambia _ 5 __ I Tanzania------ Sie... Leune _| DJibout, _ Congo Democratic Republic _ Or most recent year available 240 Agriculture Figure 8-3. Food and nonfood production index, 2001* Food** Nonfood (index, average 1989-91 = 100) (index, average 1989-91 = 100) 200 150 100 50 0 0 100 200 300 400 Gh... S.d.. S.. To.. .md PH.n.Ip. Go',.. - ~~~~~~~~~~~.1.....:Rst Egypt A,mb Rop Nig.tl. G.T.br. Tb. CoOmr.1 AMtent R.pyblt Alg.fl. Ug ..d. B,rl. ... Cop. V-rd. Ch.d Co,. d IV. It. Tog. C......o Id.,..I Moll M.. rnt I., Zirnb.b.,. Zo.nb 1. S. lb A frIt T..... 1. B...U. d 4 - Coogo Dornoor.ii RepWb " Or most recent year available Agriculture 241 Figure 8-4. Agriculture exports, 1998* (million of U.S. dollars) 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 S~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~.. ul A=i -- ---------+ ---.. -- - South Afr,ea _ __= __ Cute d Ivutre _ _1 ___7 Zimbabwe Kenya Morocco __ Ghana Sudun Tunisia Ethiopia Niger _ Cameroon _ _ = _ _ Egypt Arab Rep Uganda MBurkitniso Malai _i Chadii Togoi Burk... Fasoi Botswnai Congo Democratic Repubhc Madagascar Aigena Hurundb Somaha _S Senegal Zambia= Mozumbtque Gutneu Niger I Mauntania RwandauI Central African Repubhct Gumnea-B-ssau Liberial Congo Sterra Leone Gambia The Gabon Lesotho Angola Equatorial Guinea Comoros Sao Tome and Principe Entrea Seychelles * Or most recent year avatlable 242 Agriculture Figure 8-5. Drought, 1980-2000 (number of years in period) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 12 Ethiopia I I I I I I I I i I I Cape Verde I Niger _ Zamnbia Chad Botswana 1n f 1 Sudan - - I- I- I- - - MalawiI I I Kenya Ztnbabwe Rwanda Burundi Mozanbique MLes°tChr° ~~~~I I Ghana Swaziland M orocco Lesotho -I 1 Entrea Tumsia Burkina Faso South Africa - Mali Uganda Carneroo I Somalia Central Afcnan Republic Narnmbia Slo Tomni and Prnni= Madagascar Djibouti Tog C6te dilvoir M aunitius Agriculture 243 Technical notes Tables food crops. The categorization is consistent across countries, but the numbering of crops within catego- Table 8-1. Nominal producer prices. Data on nomi- ries in each country depends on which crops are most nal producer prices are compiled from the FAO. In important. general, the figures reflect the average annual price Where commodities may be marketed in several dif- received by farmers in the most important producing ferent forms, the fonn is generally specified (for in- regions But given the wide regional and seasonal stance, shelled or unshelled groundnuts). When not variation and the lack of precision in recording spe- specified, the form of the commodity is the most com- cifics about prices quoted, the data should be inter- mon (for instance, shelled and dried maize). Where preted only as a rough indication of price levels for commodities are graded, an average grade has been an entire country during an entire year. used unless otherwise specified. The data do not differentiate between official pro- ducer prices and farmgate prices. In most cases they Table 8-2. Food price index. This is a subindex of happen to be the same. the consumer price index It reflects the cost to the Crop years for most countries span parts of two cal- average consumer of acquiring a fixed basket of food endar years; planting takes place in the first calendar (IMF, IFS). year, while harvest and marketing take place at the end of the first and beginning of the second year. For Table 8-3. Food production index. These indexes consistency, producer prices are listed corresponding are based on 169 commodities that provide calories to the calendar year during which planting decisions when consumed (FAO data). Some of these (such as are made. For example, producer prices for the crop cottonseed, cocoa, and vanilla) are not, however, a year 1987/88 are listed as 1987. significant part of African diets, but are produced pri- For each country, up to four export crops and five marily for export. food crops are included, which represent the most important commodities for that country in terms of Table 8-4. Nonfood production index. Data in this value of total production during the early 1980s. The table are derived from 29 products that are not con- food crops include up to three cereals of "traded" sidered nutritious, including coffee, rubber, cotton lint, grains (those commonly imported or exported) and and tobacco leaves (FAO data). up to two "nontraded" staples, generally roots and tubers, which are not normally imported or exported Table 8-5. Food production per capita index. These by African countries. In the table, these categories of are derived as the ratio of the food production index crops are designated by the following symbols: XI (Table 8-3) and estimated total midyear population through X4 for export crops; Fl through F3 for traded figures (Table 1-2). food crops; and NTI and NT2 for nontraded staple 244 Agriculture Table 8-6. Volume of food output, by major food erations. Data on rainfall levels from other sources crop. The table covers, with only a few differences, are usually presented to suit different purposes, with- the same major food crops as presented in Table 8-1, out considering seasonal and regional characteristics excluding beverages (coffee, tea, cocoa), cotton, and of the producing regions. A low rainfall level might tobacco. Included also are figures for livestock, which not harm agricultural production, if it did not adversely represent the combined total head of cattle, sheep, affect the regions where the main crops are produced, goats, pigs, horses, asses, and mules, and figures for whereas an average rainfall level might be associated the total head of rabbits (FAO data). with difficulties in the producing regions, due to de- lay, for example. Therefore, simply presenting the Table 8-7. Value of agricultural exports. Value of annual rainfall levels would not necessarily enrich the agricultural exports is expressed in current U.S. dol- agricultural data. lars at f.o.b. prices (FAO data). For each country, a binary classification was thus created. A "D" was assigned to a country if a signifi- Table 8-8. Cereal production. This refers to crops cant shortage of rain unfavorably affected its agricul- harvested for dry grain only. Cereal crops harvested tural production. For normal or average rainfall, the for hay or harvested green for food, feed, or silage standard sign was given, as in the cases of insuffi- and those used for grazing are excluded (FAO data). cient information or "not applicable." (Specialists who work on the relevant countrnes were surveyed, as well Table 8-9. Crop production index. Shows agricul- as World Bank agricultural and environmental experts. tural production for each year relative to the base pe- In addition, the Federal Early Waming System project riod 1989-91. It includes all crops except fodder crops of the U.S. Agency for Intemational Development (FAO data). provided information for 1993-94 for about half of the countries listed.) Tables 8-10 and 8-11. Fertilizer use and imports. Figures are in metric tons and represent the aggregate Figures of nitrogenous, phosphate, and potash fertilizers (FAO database for Fertilizer Yearbook). The following indicators have been used to derive the figures in this chapter: Table 8-12. Area under permanent crops. Reflects land under permanent crops as defined and reported Figure 8-1. Food price index (Table 8-2). by the FAO. Figure 8-2. Food production per capita index (Table Table 8-13. Agricultural yields, by major crop. This 8-5). table follows closely the selection of commodities of Table 8-1. Units are in thousands of hectograms Figure 8-3. Food production index (Table 8-3); non- (which are equivalent to hundreds of kilograms) per food production index (Table 8-4). hectare. Most of the data come from the database for the FAO Production Yearbook, with additional infor- Figure 8-4. Agriculture exports (Table 8-7). mation from World Bank agricultural sector reports. Figure 8-5. Drought (Table 8-14). Table 8-14. Incidence of drought. This is the only indicator in this chapter based on subjective consid- Agriculture 245 Methodology used for regional aggregations and period averages in chapter 8 a b Aggregations Period averages Table (1) (6) (7) (8) (2) 8-1 x 8-2 x x 8-3 x x 8-4 x 8-5 x x 8-6 x x 8-7 x x 8-8 x x 8-9 x x 8-10 x x 8-11 x x 8-12 x x 8-13 x x 8-14 x Note Regional aggregations are shown in the rows for Sub-Saharan Afnca, North Afnca, and All Afnca Penod averages are shown in the last three columns This table shows only the methodologies used in this chapter a Regional aggregations (I) simple total, (2) simple total of the first indicator divided by the simple total of the second indicator (same country coverage), (3) simple total of the gap-filled indicator, (4) simple total of the gap-filled main indicator divided by the simple total of the gap-filled secondary indicator, (5) simple total of the first gap-filled main indicator lets the simple total of the second gap-filled main indicator, all divided by the simple total of the secondary indicator, (6) weighted total (by population), (7) median, (8) no aggregation, (9) simple anthmetic mean b Penod averages (1) anthmetic mean (using the same senes as shown in the table i e , ratio if the rest of the table is shown as ratio, level if the rest of the table is shown as level, growth rate if the rest is shown as growth rate), (2) least-squares growth rate (using main indicator), (3) least-squares growth rate (using main indicator in constant terms, with the rest of the table in current terms) Power, Communieatoans, anld Tiransr$potalo T his chapter provides data on the power, com- added in this chapter. Data on telecommunications T munications, and transportation sectors of the are from the International Telecommunications Umon's economy. (ITU) World Telecommunications Development Re- An adequate and reliable supply of power is a vital port (2000), Challenges to the Network. Internet for ingredient for the economic development of African Development (1999), and the World Telecommunica- countries. This chapter presents information on elec- tions Indicators Database (2000b). The data on tric power production and distribution losses. Data Internet hosts are from the Internet Software Con- are from the International Energy Agency's (IEA's) sortium (www isc.org). Energy Statistics and Balances of Non-OECD Coun- In addition to power and communications, coun- tries, and from the United Nations Statistics Division's tries must have a solid transportation sector to un- Energy Statistics Yearbook. derpin expansion of their economies and ensure sup- Telecommunications, computers, and the Internet port to the activities of households, producers, and are also essential ingredients of a modem economy. government. This chapter presents data on vehicle In this chapter, telephone main lines represent the sup- use, roads, and railway traffic. Data are from the ply side of the system, which in Africa is well short World Bank databases and from the International of demand. In fact, waiting time for telephone lines is World Road Federation's World Road Statistics and the highest of any other geographical region. Because from Eurostat (europa eu int/eurostat html). The air of the growing importance of computers on develop- transport data are from the International Civil Avia- ment, a new table on computers and the Internet was tion Organization's Civil Aviation Statistics of the World and ICAO staff estimates. 246 Power, CommtJnications, and Transportation 247 9-1. Electric power consumption per capita KWH Annual Average 1980 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 4266 433.1 416.4 431 3 420.2 431.2 436.7 437.9 4408 436.4 43L.6 4064 4469 4325 excludingSouthAfnca 1326 I187 119.9 1229 1180 1197 1221 il8.5 1097 112.8 1128 1276 1309 1178 excl S.Afnca&Nigeria 1566 1326 132.6 1334 129.1 1329 136,1 131.0 1512 1482 1330 Angola 66 8 63 0 61 9 60 1 58 4 56 9 59 0 80 3 85 2 83 8 88 2 72 7 63 8 68 9 Benin 29 8 38 9 412 417 42 1 45 0 42 7 518 48 7 56 8 63 6 29 5 35 1 46 3 Botswana Burkina Faso Bunmdi Cameroon 154 3 195 3 192 0 194 6 170 9 164 0 170 3 180 8 178 3 184 2 182 8 178 4 213 8 183 2 Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo,Democratic Rep of 147.8 587 605 664 472 471 449 435 423 432 402 1395 1375 500 Congo,Republicof 833 1688 1603 1366 1292 1291 1296 1048 81 1 508 861 814 1487 121 1 C6te d'Ivoire 191 6 149 6 81 4 139 6 140 3 170 5 174 3 181 3 166 4 164 9 149 4 Djibouti Equatonal Guinea Entrea Ethiopia 162 177 179 201 208 217 223 222 222 214 221 163 180 205 Gabon 617 1 806 4 783 1 765 0 769 9 750 5 754 2 762 6 757 3 7010 696 7 604 8 962 1 761 3 Gambia, The Ghana 4236 3032 3162 3229 2996 3348 3628 2812 1994 2467 2883 3359 2592 2955 Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya 925 1175 1181 1213 1232 1251 1281 1262 1274 1180 1059 901 1067 1206 Lesotho Libena Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauntania Mauntius Mozambique 34 0 48 3 46 2 46 2 413 441 40 7 46 8 541 53 0 52 6 42 4 32 8 46 2 Namibia Niger Nigena 68 2 816 85 5 95 3 88 8 84 8 85 3 85 4 819 79 8 80 9 64 6 84 9 84 2 Rwanda Sao Tome and Pnncipe Senegal 964 98 5 105 7 1010 107 1 106 5 1081 114 6 119 0 114 5 120 6 92 7 97 5 108 5 Seychelles Sieffa Leone Somalia South Afnca 3,2129 3,6182 3,4474 3,581 3 3,5307 3,6598 3,7232 3,8002 3,831 9 3,7755 3,7452 3,0372 3,5555 3,671 8 Sudan 342 491 492 472 488 480 487 458 446 666 662 360 475 514 Swaziland Tanzania 368 54 4 53 2 514 50 7 54 7 58 8 54 3 53 5 541 55 6 35 4 417 53 8 Togo Uganda Zambia 1,0157 7300 7260 7234 7124 6910 6686 6209 5680 5742 5563 1,0582 8903 6666 Zimbabwe 973 2 789 8 8581 7519 788 8 814 7 8589 872 3 850 8 883 3 845 2 9393 8912 836 5 NORTHAFRICA 362.8 6969 710.9 733.6 7327 7445 757.0 7826 8i5.7 8466 8963 352.0 606.0 7622 Algena 265 3 492 5 5219 507 9 509 0 516 9 526 3 523 2 550 0 584 6 611 9 259 8 399 9 530 6 Egypt, Arab Republic 379 9 707 1 710 3 726 3 742 7 762 0 781 2 819 9 860 3 899 7 976 0 377 8 606 0 788 7 Libya 1,5882 3,8146 3,7736 3,7140 3,8165 3,785 5 3,7724 3,831 3 3,8537 3,8758 3,921 4 1,5034 3,651 3 3,8233 Morocco 222 8 355 4 380 9 3771 3981 403 7 408 4 422 7 443 0 430 3 447 2 2121 299 2 400 6 Tunisia 379 2 617.3 651 4 674 1 718 3 734 4 744 8 783 0 824 0 910 9 938 9 323 7 528 8 745 6 ALL AFRICA 4116 492,6 482.4 4946 489.9 500,6 507.1 513.2 5243 5273 5340 3935 4834 5058 248 Power, Communications, and Transportation 9-2. Energy production and use Energy production Commercial energy use Electric power transmission (KT oil equivalent) (KT oil equivalent) and distribution losses (%o of output) 1980 2000 1980 2000 1980 2000 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 322,805 $52,297 208,143 341,194 excluding South Afaca 249,636 407,829 142,726 233,599 excL S,Afica&Nigeria 101,157 210,103 i9,880 143,431 Angola 11,301 43,669 4,437 7,667 25 15 Benin 1,212 1,821 1,363 2,362 220 72 Botswana Burkina Faso Burunmd Cameroon 6,707 12,729 3,676 6,355 7 22 Cape Verde Central Afncan Republic Chad Comoros Congo, Democratic Rep. of 8,697 15,446 8,706 14,888 8 4 Congo, Republic of 4,024 14,656 862 895 9 60 Cote dlvoire 2,419 6,097 3,662 6,928 7 Djibout Equatonal Guinea Entrea Ethiopia 10,575 17,583 11,145 18,732 8 10 Gabon 9,441 16,800 1,493 1,563 1 10 Gambia, The Ghana 3,305 5,883 4,063 7,720 0 1 Gunea Guinea-Bissau Kenya 7,891 12,260 9,791 15,482 16 22 Lesotho Libena Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauntania Mauntius Mozambique 7,413 7,219 8,074 7,126 39 10 Namibia 292 1,031 Niger Nigena 148,479 197,726 52,846 90.169 36 32 Rwanda Sao Tome and Pnncipe Senegal 1,046 1,723 1,919 3,086 10 17 Seychelles Sienra Leone Somalia South Afnca 73,169 144,469 65,417 107,595 8 8 Sudan 7,089 23,664 8,406 16,216 14 15 Swaziland Tanzania 9,502 14,601 10,280 15,386 14 22 Togo 562 1,036 715 1,530 Uganda Zambia 4,179 5,916 4,719 6,244 7 3 Zimbabwe 5,793 8,708 6,570 10,219 9 21 NORTHAERICA 205,664 288,706 44,033 110f10l ,: Algena 67,103 149,629 12,185 29,060 11 16 Egypt, Arab Republic 34,168 57,599 15,970 46,423 13 12 Libya 96,550 73,904 7,193 16,438 Morocco 877 572 4,778 10,293 10 6 Tunusia 6,966 7,003 3,907 7,888 12 11 ALL ARICA 528,469 841,004 252,116 451,296 Power, Communications, and Transportation 249 9-3. Telephone, radio, and television availability, 1995-2000 Telephones Radios Television Mainlines Waiting list Average cost of call Mobile phones sets (per 1, 000 persons) (Thousanids) US$ per three minutes (per 1, 000 personis) (per 1, 000 personis) (per 1, 000 personis) SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 14 1,293 1 7 198 59 excludi'ng South Africa 7 1,293 5 188 53 excl S Africa & Nigena 8 1,260 ,.7 185 49 Angola 5 21 0 05 2 74 1 9 Benim 8 23 0 09 9 439 45 Botswana 93 12 0 02 123 350 25 Burkina Faso 4 12 0 08 2 35 12 Burundi 3 10 0 02 2 220 30 Cameroon 6 50 0 05 10 163 34 Cape Verde 126 4 0 03 45 182 5 Central African Republic 3 2 0 48 1 80 6 Chad I I 0 16 1 236 COMOrOS 30 3 0314 0 174 4 Congo, Democratic Rep of 0 6 0 386 2 Congo, Republic of 7 24 123 133 C6te dIlvoire 18 32 0 05 30 137 60 Djibouti 1s 0 0 19 0 87 71 Equatonal Guinea 13 2 0 05 1 1 427 316 Entrea 8 20 0 02 0 444 26 Ethiopia 4 197 0 02 0 189 6 Gabon 32 10 0 15 98 501 326 Gamibia, The 26 17 0 30 4 396 3 Ghana 32 28 0 03 6 710 318 Guinea 8 2 0 10 5 52 44 Guinea-Bissau 9 5 0 14 0 44 Kenya 10 134 0 04 4 223 25 Lesotho 10 19 0 01 10 53 16 Liberia 2 2 0 274 25 Madagascar 3 0 0 08 4 216 24 Malawi 4 25 0 03 5 499 3 Mali 3 0 07 1 56 14 Mauritania 7 48 0 08 3 149 96 Maunitius 235 19 0 03 151 379 268 Mozambique 4 21 0 06 3 44 5 Namibia 63 2 0 05 47 141 38 Niger 2 1 0 10 0 121 37 Nigenia 4 42 0 200 68 Rwanda 2 8 0 03 5 76 0 Sgo Tom& and Prncipc 31 1 0 05 0 338 228 Senegal 22 25 0 10 26 141 40 Seychelles 235 2 0 14 320 543 203 Sierra Leone 4 25 0 03 2 259 13 Somalia 2 0 60 14 South Africa 114 116 0 09 190 338 127 Sudan 12 405 0 23 1 464 273 Swaziland 32 17 0 04 33 162 319 Tanzania 5 30 0 08 5 281 20 Togo 9 17 0 09 II 265 32 Uganda 3 9 0 13 8 127 27 Zambia 8 13 0 06 9 145 134 Zimbabwe 18 159 0 04 23 362 30 NORTH AFRICA 72 1,951 29 282 165 Algeria 57 646 0 03 3 244 110 Egypt, Arab Republic 8 13 0 06 9 145 189 Libya 38 159 0 04 23 362 137 Morocco 57 646 0 01 3 244 166 Tumisia 86 1,300 0 01 21 339 198 AL.L AFRICA 24 3,485 19 213 79 250 Power, Communications, and Transportation 9-4. Personal computers and internet use Personal computers Internet hosts Internet users (per 1,000 people) (per 10,000 people) (Thousands) 1999 2000 1999 2000 1999 2000 SUB-SAHAk~ANAFRICA 8.2 9.11 2,32 3.10 2,366 3,696 excludtng South Africa 413 4.81 0.5 0.32 546 1,296 excl. S. Afiica &Nigeria ali 4.23 0.18 0.40 446 1,096 Angola 1 0 1 14 0 00 001l 10 30 Benin 1 5 1 64 0 04 0 04 10 15 Botswana 31 0 36 99 5 79 13 99 12 15 Burkina Faso 1 0 1 26 0 19 019 7 10 Burundi 0 00 0 00 3 3 Cameroon 27 3 31 0 00 0 01 20 40 Cape Verde 0 02 0 05 5 8 Central African Republic 1 4 1 66 0 00 0 02 I 2 Chad 13 0 00 001l 1 3 Comoros 30 4 32 057 0 72 1 2 Congo, Democratic Rep of 0 00 0 00 I Congo. Republic of 3 5 0 00 0 01 1 C6te d'Ivoire 5 5 6 09 0 24 0 37 20 40 Djibouti 95 1019 0 00 0 65 1 1 Equatonial Guinea 2 3 0 00 0 00 I Enritea 1 5 1 61 001l 0 02 1 5 Ethiopia 07 0 95 0 01 001t 8 10 Gabon 84 9 79 0 02 021 3 IS Gambia, The 7 9 11 51 0 02 012 3 4 Ghana 2 5 2 97 0 06 0 06 20 30 Guinea 3 4 3 67 0 00 0 00 5 8 Guinea-Bissau 013 0 11 2 3 Kenya 42 489 0 19 0 32 35 200 Lesotho 0 08 0 42 1 4 Liberia 0 00 0 00 0 1 Madagascar 19 2 20 012 0 36 25 30 Malavi 10 116 0 00 0 00 10 15 Mali 10 1 16 0 01 0 05 7 19 Maunitania 7 8 9 43 0 00 0 20 3 5 Mauntius 93 7 100 54 4 55 27 68 55 87 Mozambique 2 6 3 05 0 09 010 15 30 Namibia 29 5 34 16 11 61 1957 6 30 Niger 0 4 0 47 0 03 012 3 5 Nigeria 6 4 659 0 00 0 01 100 200 Rwanda 0 00 0 42 5 5 SAo Tom6 and Prnceipe 17 32 45 00 1 7 Senegal 15 1 16.80 0 28 0 51 30 40 Seychelles 124 4 135 58 0 12 0 49 5 6 Sierra Leone 0 14 0 16 2 5 Somalia 0 00 0 00 0 South Africa 55 7 61 81 33 36 43 12 1,820 2,400 Sudan 2 9 3 22 0 00 0 00 5 30 Swaziland 6 28 7 07 5 10 Tanzania 2 4 2 85 0 05 0 16 25 115 Togo 1III 21 60 0 18 0 35 15 100 Uganda 2 5 2 70 0 06 0 07 25 40 Zambia 7 2 6 72 0 48 0 86 15 20 Zimbabwe 13 0 11 87 1 14 2 50 20 50 NORTH AFRICA -10.6 16.44 0 19 0 47 307 810 Algeria 6 0 6 48 001i 0 01 20 50 Egypt, Arab Republic 12 0 22 06 0 28 0 85 200 450 Libya 0 00 0 02 7 10 Morocco 10 8 12 35 0 28 0 33 50 200 Tunisia 15 3 22 86 0 06 0 10 30 100 ALL AFRICA 8 7 10.56 1.95 2.64 2,673 4,506 Power, Communications, and Transportation 251 9-5. Vehicle ownership Units per 1000 persons Annual Average 1980 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 75.84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 21 23 24 24 22 23 23 .. 23 excluding South Africa 9 14 14 IS~ 14 15 15 ..14 exci S.AMica &Nigena 9 10 10 I 1 12 12 12 I1I Angola 18 1 9 19 19 19 20 20 1 9 Benin 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 5 Botswana 27 1 8 23 28 32 35 62 48 51 59 27 42 Burkina Faso 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 5 Burundi 0 0 Cameroon 8 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 12 1 2 8 1 1 Cape Verde 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 9 Central African Republic 8 1 1 0 1 I 0 0 0 8 Chad 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 Comoros 13 15 17 18 23 24 28 20 Congo, Democratic Rep of 22 25 28 28 29 30 3!1 27 Congo, Republic of 18 19 19 20 19 20 20 19 C6te dlIvoire 24 24 24 25 27 29 30 32 24 27 Djibouti 1 5 16 16 16 1 7 1 8 19 1 7 Equatonal Guinea 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 Entrea I I I I 1 2 2 1 Ethiopia 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 Gabon 32 33 35 36 35 37 37 35 Gambia, The 1 3 13 1 3 13 1 5 15 1 5 14 Ghana 8 8 8 8 Guinea 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 Guinea-Bissau 7 7 7 8 10 10 12 9 Kenya 8 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 8 12 13 Lesotho 10 11 12 13 14 17 18 20 10 15 Libenia 1 14 14 14 14 IS 14 15 1 14 Madagascar 6 5 5 5 7 7 8 6 Malawi 5 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 5 5 Mali 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 Maunitania 10 10 10 10 12 12 13 11 Maunitius 44 59 63 68 71 75 79 83 88 93 44 54 78 Mozambique 4 5 5 5 3 2 1 3 Namnibia 71 83 73 78 81 81 84 79 Niger 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 Nigena 4 30 29 29 22 25 24 4 26 Rwanda 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 2 I 3 S8o Tom6 and Prncipe 36 37 37 38 40 40 41 38 Senegal 19 II 11 12 13 13 13 14 19 13 Seychelles 104 104 105 107 116 114 119 118 III Sierra Leone 10 10 11 10 II 9 6 10 10 Somalia 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 South Afnica 133 139 140 139 136 141 139 142 133 160 140 Sudan 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 10 Swaziland 52 66 71 68 65 62 66 68 67 70 52 63 67 Tanzania 3 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 Togo 24 25 26 26 26 28 28 I 26 Uganda 1 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 1 4 Zamnbia 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 20 Zimbabwe 32 32 31 30 31 NORTHiAFRICA 33 34 34 35 46 49 49 38 40 Algenia 55 54 53 54 54 Egypt, Arab Republic 29 29 29 28 29 29 30 26 29 Libya 165 240 241 215 Morocco 37 38 41 43 47 48 48 49 51 46 Tunisia 38 48 49 51 52 59 59 64 38 62 54 ALELAFRICA 23 25 25 25 27 28 28 ..26 252 Power, Communications, and Transportation 9-6. Road-to-population ratio Road I1000 km/l milion persons Annual Average 1980 1985 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 75-84 85-89 90-UR SUB-SAHARAN AFRUCA 3r3 311 2.5 2 5 2 4 2,9 2 4 w s3 3 3.1 2.5 exdludig South Africa 3 1 1.8 . 2 2 * 2 5 2A4 25 2 4 3.1 Z.8 2.4 exc S Afnca &NKgena 3 5 3.2 2 16 2 28 2.6 2r6 2 6 - 35 31 2 26 Angola 10 2 8 6 7 6 7 1 6 8 6 6 6 4 6.2 6 0 11 0 8 6 6 7 Benin 2 1 1 9 1 3 1 8 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 3 1 2 1 2 21 1 6 1 3 Botswana 9 1 7 6 7 0 13 1 12 6 12 2 12 0 117 9 8 114 Burkina Faso I I I I 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 7 1 2 1 2 Burundi 1 2 0 6 1 2 2 5 2 5 2 4 2 4 2 3 18 0 6 2 2 Cameroon 7 2 6 5 6 0 2 7 2 6 2 6 6 5 5 5 3 5 Cape Verde 3 0 3 0 2 9 2 8 2 9 Central Afncan Republic 9 8 7 6 8 2 8 0 7 9 7 7 7 5 7 3 7 1 7 0 9 7 7 8 7 5 Chad 6 0 5 3 4 7 5 0 5 0 4 9 4 8 6 6 5 3 4 9 Comoros 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 2 3 1 8 Congo, Democratic Rep. of 5 4 4 6 3 8 3 7 3 6 3 6 3 5 3 5 5 5 4 6 3 6 Congo, Repubhc of 5 0 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 2 5 1 4 9 4 8 5 5 4 5 5 1 C6te d'1voire 5 0 4 8 4 2 3 8 3 7 3 6 3 5 5 6 4 8 3 8 Djibouti 8 2 6 7 6 1 5 7 5 2 5 0 5 0 4 9 8 1 7 6 5 3 Equatonal Guinea 7 2 7 1 7 1 7 0 5 2 7 1 EntreaII II II IIII Ethiopia I10 ° 9 0 4 ° 5 ° 5 ° 5 ° 5 ° 5 05 9 07 05 Gabon 10 2 9 5 7 8 7 6 7 4 7 3 7 1 6 9 10 9 9 5 7 3 Gambia, The 3 4 4 1 2 6 2 4 2 4 2Z4 2 3 3 0 4 1 2 4 Ghana 3 0 2 8 2 6 2 5 2 22 22 2 2 2 1 2 8 2 7 2 3 Guinea 5 4 5 8 2 6 0 0 4 7 4 6 4 5 4 2 5 8 3 3 Gwnnea-Bissau 4 1 4 1 4 0 4 0 4 9 4 1 Kenya 3 1 3 3 2 7 2 6 2 6 2 5 2 4 2 4 2 3 3 2 3 0 2 5 Lesotho 2 9 2 7 3 0 3 0 2 9 2 7 2 6 2 6 2 7 2 8 Libena 2 9 2 4 2 4 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 9 3 2 3 5 Madagascar 5 7 4 9 1 3 2 9 2 8 4 0 3 9 3 7 3 6 4 8 4 0 35 MalavA 1 7 1 6 1 4 3 2 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 5 1 7 1 9 1 5 1 9 Mali 2 0 1 8 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 5 1 5 2 1 1 8 1 6 Mauntania 4 7 4 1 3 7 3 5 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 7 4 1 3 4 Mauntbus I 8 1 8 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 8 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 2 2 1 7 1 7 Mozambique 2 9 2 6 1 9 2 5 1 9 1 9 1 9 1 9 3 3 2 0 20o Namibia 28 2 41 2 40 7 39 9 39 1 38 4 37 9 Niger 2 8 2 7 1 5 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 2 8 1 3 Nigena 1 5 1 3 1 2 1 6 1 6 1 7 1 7 1 5 1 3 1 5 Rwanda 2 1 2 0 1 8 1 9 1 9 2 3 2 3 2 2 1 7 1 9 2 1 Sao Tomd and Pnncipe 2 4 2 3 2 3 2 4 2 4 Senegal 2 5 2 2 2 0 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 7 2 24 2 2 1 8 Seychelles 3 6 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 6 SierraLeone 2 4 2 3 2 8 2 7 2 7 2 5 2 4 2 4 2 5 2 3 2 6 Somalia 2 6 3 2 3 0 2 8 2 9 3 0 2 9 3 3 3 2 2 9 South Afilca 6 7 5 9 5 3 5 3 5 1 8 5 7 1 5 5 6 3 Sudan 0 5 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 7 0 4 0 4 Swaziland 5 8 5 1 3 8 3 6 3 5 3 6 3 3 3 3 4 1 4 1 5 1 4 4 3 7 Tanzania 2 5 3 8 2 1 2 1 3 1 3 1 3 0 2 9 2 5 3 8 2 7 Togo 2 8 2 4 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 0 2 0 1 9 1 9 2 8 2 4 2 0 Uganda 2 1 2 0 1 8 1 7 2 1 2 0 1 7 Zamlbia 6 3 5 6 5 0 4 8 4 7 4 5 4 4 4 4 7 4 7 2 7 1 6 4 5 3 5 6 Zimbabwe 11 8 9 0 8 4 8 3 1 7 1 6 1 6 11 8 9 0 4 3 NORTH AFRICA 2 1 2 0 L.6 1 E9 1 6 2.5 2.1 1 6 2 0 Algena 3 9 3 6 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 6 3 7 3 6 4 1 3 6 3 6 Egypt, Arab Republic 0 7 0 7 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 7 0 9 Libya 17 1 17 2 17 2 5 0 14 1 Morocco 3 0 2 7 2 5 2 4 1 1 2 4 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 1 2 9 2 6 2 1 Tunisia 3 7 3 6 3 7 2 4 2 5 2 5 2 5 3 4 3 6 2 5 ALL AFRICA 3 1 2.9 2.3 2 5 2 6 3,0 2 5 3 1 2.9 2 6 Power, Communications, and Transportation 253 9-7. Paved primary roads Percent in Percentage of roads good condition 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 1989 SUB-SAHA3RAN AJMCA 17.0 37Q 18.0 16.2 16,0 166 MO. 13.5 162 39 exclucing South Africa 170 31 0 180 16.0 15.7 16$ 14.0 13.3 121 39 excl. S AfI,ca &Nigena 165 16.4 171 1 5.8 15.3 16 3 13.8 13.0 22.1 41 Angola 25 0 250 25 0 25 0 25 0 25.0 25 0 10.4 Bernm 20 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 13 Botswana 19 9 21 1 22 2 48 0 52 0 54 0 56 0 55 0 94 Burkuna Faso 17 6 182 187 16 0 16 0 16 0 16 0 16 0 70 Bwundsh 71 71 75 Cameroon 113 117 12 1 12 5 12 5 12 5 125 12 5 25 Cape Verde 78 0 780 78 0 78 0 78 0 780 780 78 0 14 Central African Republic 21 21 2 1 2 4 27 30 Chad 0 8 0 8 08 08 0 8 08 08 0 8 Comoros 72 1 73 5 750 76 5 76 5 76 5 43 Congo, Democratic Rep of 20 Congo, Republic of 9 7 9 7 9 7 9 7 9 7 9 7 97 9 7 50 C8ted'lvoire 91 9 2 94 9 6 9 7 97 97 9 7 75 Djibouti 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 126 126 51 Equatonal Guinea 27 Entrea 20 2 20 6 220 21 4 21 8 21 8 218 21 8 Ethiopia 15 0 150 250 15 5 153 140 13 3 12 0 47 GTabon 8 2 82 82 82 9 9 99 9 9 9 9 30 Gamnbia, The 33 3 34 0 34 6 35 3 35 4 354 354 35 4 22 Ghana 23 5 23 9 24 4 24 9 24 1 296 28 Guinea 15.5 15 8 16 1 164 16.5 26 5 16.5 165 50 Gwinea-Bissau 91 94 98 10 2 10 3 10 3 103 10 3 39 Kenya 13 8 14 3 13 6 13 8 12 1 12 1 12 1 12 1 12 1 32 Lesotho 16 0 15 0 15 0 17 9 17 9 16 8 173 18 3 53 Libena 5.7 59 60 61 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 85 Madagascar 154 115 187 11 5 11 6 11 6 56 Malawi 17 0 180 180 20 0 20 0 19 0 18 5 56 Mali 11 3 115 11 8 12 0 12 1 12 1 1221 12 1 70 Mauntania 11 I 1I 211 1 112 113 213 113 2113 58 Maurntius 93 0 93 0 93 0 93 0 95 0 95 0 96 0 96 0 97 0 95 Mozamnbique 17 5 17 8 182 186 18 7 187 187 18 7 19 Namibia 20 9 73 7 9 79 11 4 13 2 13 5 13 6 Niger 7 9 7 9 7 9 7 9 79 7 9 67 Nigena 30 0 30 0 21 3 18 8 18 8 30 9 309 30 9 34 Rwanda 9 4 9 6 9 7 9 9 91 8 3 41 Sio Tomd and Prmncipe 6421 65 4 66 7 680 6821 68 1 68 1 68 1 Senegal 283 28 3 28 4 285 29 3 29 3 293 29 3 29 3 28 Seychelles 59 1 60 3 61 5 62 8 80 3 84 5 Sierra Leone 11 0 11 0 21 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 7 9 62 Somalia 11 5 11 8 11 8 11 8 11 8 11 8 11 8 11 8 52 South Africa 41 5 19 7 19 7 19 7 20 3 20 3 Sudan 33 7 34 5 35 4 36 2 36 3 36 3 36 3 36 3 27 Swaziland 58 6 59 8 28 2 35 Tanzania 37 0 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 39 Togo 31 0 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 75 Uganda 6 7 10 Zambia 17 3 17 6 28 0 40 Zimbabwe 16 0 17 0 54 9 48 0 47 4 47 4 47 4 47 4 70 NORTH AFRICA 66 0 66 7 68.0 68 9 73 5 73,5 66 3 63 8 60.6 Algena 66 0 66 7 68 0 68 9 68 9 68 9 68 9 68.9 Egypt, Arab Republic 73 0 72 0 75 0 78 0 78 1 78 1 78 1 78 1 Libya 53 8 54 9 56 0 57 1 57 2 Morocco 49 5 49 6 50 2 50 2 50 2 52 3 52 3 56 3 56 4 Tunisia 74 6 76 0 77 4 78 8 78 9 78 9 63 7 63 8 64 8 A3LLAFRI1CA 17.6 17 9 18 5 18.6 11 9 28 9 16 9 16 5 24 8 39 254 Power, Communications, and Transportation 9-8. Rail goods traffic-to-$PPP GDP ratio Ton-kIn per million of$PPP GDP Annual Average 1980 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHAAIAN AFRICA .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. excluding South Afiica .. . . excl SAffica&lNigena .. .. . .. . Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Bunundi Cameroon 55,686 41,749 35,283 37,898 32,795 41,880 42,272 29,833 40,683 26,112 59,175 42,138 36,501 Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo, Democratic Rep of 57,048 34,349 4,489 52,857 38,112 19,419 Congo, Republic of 309,706 187,909 140,826 124,747 402,066 418,562 190,797 C6te d'lvoire 56,843 15,750 14,837 14,083 8,650 8,983 14,539 21,202 48,440 34,531 14,006 Djlbouti Equatonal Gutnea Entirea Ethiopia 2,057 8,036 5,318 2,057 Gabon 8,975 53,511 60,619 58,115 74,061 66,351 223,237 19,092 44,922 89,316 Gamnbia, The Ghana 10,439 6,228 8,240 6,580 6,228 Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya 220,215 84,134 74,830 59,230 49,719 49,096 44,948 36,787 187,112 104,030 56,963 Lesotho Libena Madagascar Malaws 104,525 18,408 18,062 13,927 11,512 11,554 12,186 11,172 8,997 12,197 12,669 80,608 27,423 13,138 Mali 40,897 55,439 53,252 48,181 35,389 27,388 43,487 54,812 43,930 Mauntanua Mauntmus Mozambique Namibia 269,547 181,553 162,417 144,227 131,674 126,605 169,337 Niger Nigena 19,038 3,200 601 1 4,917 508 27,487 7,987 1,845 Rwanda Sao Tome and Pnncipe Senegal 68,700 64,198 54,001 50,541 41,503 38,739 37,454 32,683 61,780 66,569 45,589 Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Afnca 559,760 349,538 321,757 303,021 301,764 294,581 282,612 480,587 359,802 308,879 Sudan 162,940 30,440 40,886 36,877 33,151 103,135 45,931 35,339 Swaztland . . Tanzamua 80,047 74,567 97,807 83,363 96,300 82,469 73,082 61,636 72,020 64,028 80,144 Togo Uganda 13,059 10,477 8,313 8,689 12,358 12,243 4,724 4,890 7,892 11,493 8,059 9,183 Zambia 345,327 183,792 157,146 147,333 146,163 96,245 64,969 73,702 63,876 64,513 73,721 316,268 223,373 107,146 Zimbabwe 653,437 233,651 208,357 229,162 216,531 153,324 162,486 155,384 145,373 516,081 323,206 188,033 NORTH AFRICA .. .. . . .. .. Algena 41,685 23,792 23,334 20,691 19,105 18,684 13,236 38,616 29,109 19,807 Egypt, Arab Republic 39,390 21,490 23,928 20,490 23,740 25,837 21,885 20,913 20,223 16,048 36,085 30,151 21,617 Libya Morocco 117,019 70,602 56,569 64,450 56,000 53,132 54,999 52,242 49,424 48,045 111,247 81,245 56,163 Tunisia 109,555 57,235 53,197 52,074 49,268 52,061 51,765 46,095 44,914 41,732 94,933 76,205 49,816 ALL AFRICA .. . . . Power, Communications, and Transportation 255 9-9. Rail load-to-locomotive ratio Million rail ton-km/locomotive Annual Average 1980 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA , ., .. 20.5 18 5 16,8 19.1 ., . .. 14.9 15.2 18.7 excludiog South Afiea ,. . . .. . . excl S.Aftica & Nigeria .. .. . . .. .. Angola Bemn Botswana 19 9 199 Burkma Faso 18 0 24 9 214 Burundi Cameroon 109 65 90 101 89 9.6 86 124 133 100 142 98 84 109 Cape Verde Central Afncan Republic Chad Comoros Congo,DemocraticRep of 11 7 109 112 I10 17 120 115 46 Congo, Republic of 14 8 9 4 5 8 3 0 113 9 4 8 3 Cote dIvoire 128 80 67 68 45 45 57 174 123 123 77 Djibouti Equatonal Gwniea Entrea Ethiopia 61 2 3 61 2 3 Gabon 21 74 61 48 52 53 76 308 42 66 107 Gambia, The Ghana 3 3 16 33 Guinea Gumea-Bissau Kenya 69 92 88 90 92 87 89 Lesotho Libena Madagascar Malawi 14 14 14 15 1 1 10 09 1 1 35 19 12 Mali 67 78 78 78 79 112 66 90 87 Mauntania Mauntius Mozatnbique 5 9 59 Namibia 27 7 214 22 3 19 9 20 3 216 22 2 Niger Nigena 38 03 00 50 25 02 Rwanda SAo Tome and Pnncipe Senegal 13 3 18.4 16 7 20.9 18 0 16 4 14 6 161 14 3 18 0 17 2 Seychelles Sierra Leone 108 154 131 Somalia SouthAfrnca 199 232 254 236 226 258 264 269 182 205 251 Sudan 80 45 111 142 123 70 48 105 Swaziland Tanzania 84 117 114 139 122 149 174 77 81 136 Togo Uganda 21 19 31 27 20 23 35 41 83 15 37 Zamnbia 161 230 227 75 154 146 151 99 68 72 172 211 109 Zimbabwe 217 193 136 140 160 175 279 275 207 200 194 NORTH AFRICA 9.9 .. .. 10 2 10.6 9 7 10.3 10.4 . 10.3 9 9 10 3 10.2 Algena 9 8 15 6 13 3 12 2 12 5 10 7 11.1 10 8 . . 7.7 10 9 13.6 10.8 Egypt, Arab Republic 3 9 3 7 61 3 6 4 9 4 9 5 1 3 7 3 8 4 7 Libya Morocco 195 242 187 204 173 196 174 192 198 223 191 203 194 Tumsia 139 108 105 93 93 103 140 127 134 135 127 104 118 ALL AFPRCA . 16,0 152 13,9 164 15.5 ;. ,, 12.9 13.9 154 256 Power, Communications, and Transportation 9-10. Air transport Aircraft departures Passengers carried Airfreight (Thousands) (Thousands) (million tons per km) 1999 2000 1999 2000 1999 2000 SUB-SAHARANAFRICA 338 360 17,122 18,107 excluding South Afica 234 249 9,718 10,1017 exci S Africa & Nigeria 226 240 9,299 9,692 Angola 5 4 294 235 52 61 Bemn 2 2 84 77 14 12 Botswana 6 7 144 166 0 0 Burkina Faso 3 3 147 144 14 12 Burundi 0 Cameroon 5 6 293 273 47 51 Cape Verde 12 13 252 264 1 1 Central Afncan Republic 2 2 84 77 14 12 Chad 2 2 84 77 14 12 Comoros Congo, Democratic Rep of Congo, Republic of 6 6 132 128 14 12 Cote d'lvoire 6 7 260 262 14 12 Djibouti Equatonal Gumea 0 Entrea Ethiopia 25 27 861 945 102 78 Gabon 7 8 423 442 54 58 Gambia, The Ghana 5 5 304 314 31 40 Guinea I 1 59 61 1 1 Guinea-Bissau 0 Kenya 25 29 1,358 1,557 66 77 Lesotho 0 0 1 1 0 0 Libena Madagascar 19 22 640 667 28 33 Malawi 4 5 112 116 1 1 Mali 2 2 84 77 14 12 Mauntania 4 4 187 185 14 13 Mauntius 11 12 823 949 177 183 Mozambique 6 7 235 260 7 7 Namibia 6 6 214 245 37 76 Niger 2 2 84 77 14 12 Nigena 8 9 420 415 10 9 Rwanda Sgo Tome and Pnncipe I 1 34 35 0 0 Senegal 2 2 103 98 14 0 Seychelles 19 19 347 394 20 20 Sierra Leone 0 18 9 Somalia South Afnca 104 110 7,404 8,000 688 688 Sudan 8 8 390 408 34 37 Swaziland 3 0 83 0 0 0 Tanzamna 5 6 190 182 2 3 Togo 2 2 84 77 14 12 Uganda 3 3 179 187 22 21 Zambia 5 6 78 89 0 1 Zimbabwe 15 14 651 606 158 159 NORTH AFRICA 151 155 13,457 13,704 Algena 36 37 2,937 2,995 15 13 Egypt, Arab Republic 44 47 4,620 4,522 270 278 Libya 6 7 586 609 0 0 Morocco 44 45 3,392 3,671 58 63 Turmsa 20 20 1,923 1,908 19 21 ALLAFRICA 489 515 30,579 31,811 Power, Communications, and Transportation 257 Technical notes Tables Mainlines are presented for every 1,000 people (Table 1.2). Waiting list shows the number of applications Table 9-1. Electric power consumption per capita. (in thousands) for a connection to a mainline that have This table refers to per capita electricity consumption, been held up by a lack of technical capacity (ITU). which means the production of power plants and com- Cost of local call is the cost of a three-minute call bined heat and power plants, less distribution losses, within the same exchange area using the subscriber's and own use by heat and power plants (IEA and UN equipment (that is, not from a public phone) (ITU). Energy Statistics Yearbook). Mobile phones refer to users of portable telephones who subscribe to an automatic public mobile telephone Table 9-2. Energy production and use, 1980 and service using cellular technology that provides access 1999. This table presents three indicators. Energy pro- to the public switched-telephone network, per 1,000 duction refers to commercial forms of primary en- people (Table 1.2)(ITU). Radios are the estimated ergy-petroleum (crude oil, natural gas liquids, and number of radio receivers in use for broadcast to the oil from nonconventional sources), natural gas, solid general public, per 1,000 people (Table 1.2) (UNESCO fuels, and primary electricity-all converted into oil Statistical Yearbook). Television sets are the estimated equivalent (IEA and UN Energy Statistics Yearbook). number of television sets in use, per 1,000 people Commercial energy use is indigenous production plus (Table 1.2) (ITU). imports and stock changes, minus exports and inter- national marine bunkers (IEA and UN Energy Statis- Table 9-4. Personal computers and Internet use. tics Yearbook). Electric power transmission includes Personal computers are self-contained computers losses in transmission between sources of supply and designed to be be used by a single individual. Internet points of distribution and in the distribution to con- hosts are computers with active Intemet Protocol (IP) sumers, including pilferage. Production less transmis- addresses connected to the Internet. All hosts with- sion and distribution losses, own-use, and transfor- out a country code identification are assumed to be mation losses is equal to end-use electricity consump- located in the United States. Internet users are people tion (IEA and UN Energy Statistics Yearbook). with access to the worldwide network The data on personal computers and Internet users are from the Table 9-3. Telephone, radio, and television avail- ITU. They are reported in the ITU's World Develop- ability, 1995-00. This table presents data for six com- mentReport 2000, Challenges to the Network. Internet munication indicators Telephone mainlines (ITU) for Development (1999), and the World Telecommu- refer to telephone lines connecting a customer's equiip- nications Indicators Database (2000b). The data on ment to the public switched telephone network, where Internet hosts are from the Internet Software Con- mainline is normnally identified by a unique number. sortium (www.isc.org). 258 Power, Communications, and Transportation Table 9-5. Vehicle ownership. Vehicles (International Table 9-9. Rail load-to-locomotive ratio. This is Road Federation) include all forms of road transpor- the volume of rail transported goods (measured in tation, except buses. They are expressed as a ratio of millions of metric tons times kilometers traveled) per 1,000 people (Table 1.2). single locomotive (World Bank data). Table 9-6. Road-to-population ratio. This table pre- Table 9-10. Air transport. Aircraft departures are sents the ratio of 1,000 kilometers of paved or un- the number of domestic and intemational takeoffs of paved road (International Road Federation) per 1 mil- air carriers registered in the country. Air passengers lion people (Table 1.2). carried include both domestic and mtemational air- craft passengers of air carriers registered in the coun- Table 9-7. Paved primary roads. This table presents try. Airfreight is the sum of the metric tons of freight, paved primary roads, that is, those that have been express, and diplomatic bags carried on each flight sealed with asphalt or similar road-bonding material stage (the operation of an aircraft from takeoff to its (Intemational Road Federation) as a ratio to total roads next landing) multiplied by the stage distance of air and then shows the percentage that is in good condi- carriers registered in the country. The air transport tion (World Bank data). data are from the International Civil Aviation Organization's (ICAO) Civil Aviation Statistics of the Table 9-8. Rail goods traffic-to-$PPP GDP ratio. World and ICAO staff estimates. This measures the tonnage of goods per million dol- lars of GDP measured in PPP terms (World Bank data). Power, Communications, and Transportation 259 Methodology used for regional aggregations and period averages in chapter 9 Aggregations' Period averages b Table (1) (6) (7) (8) (1) 9-1 x x 9-2 Columns 1-4 x Columns 5-6 x 9-3 Columns 1-2, 4-6 x Column 3 x 9-4 Columns 1-2 x Column 3 x 9-5 x x x 9-6 x x x 9-7 Columns 1-8 x Column 9 x 9-8 x x 9-9 x x x 9-10 x Note Regional aggregations are shown in the rows for Sub-Saharan Afnca, North Afnca, and All Afnca Penod averages are shown in the last three columns This table shows only the methodologies used in this chapter a Regional aggregations (1) simple total, (2) simple total of the first indicator divided by the simple total of the second indicator (same country coverage), (3) simple total of the gap-filled indicator, (4) simple total of the gap-filled main indicator divided by the simple total of the gap-filled secondary indicator, (5) simple total of the first gap-filled main indicator less the simple total of the second gap-filled main indicator, all divided by the simple total of the secondary indicator, (6) weighted total (by population), (7) median, (8) no aggregation, (9) simple anthmetic mean b Penod averages (I) anthmetic mean (using the same senes as shown in the table i e, ratio if the rest of the table is shown as ratio, level if the rest of the table is shown as level, growth rate if the rest is shown as growth rate), (2) least-squares growth rate (using main indicator), (3) least-squares growth rate (using main indicator in constant terms, with the rest of the table in current terms) 10 Privatization of Public Enterprises In the past, the dominance of the public enterprise sec- prises." These include, for example, business centers, tor m most African economies warranted the collec- media, and some training institutes. So, the public enter- tion and publication of the sector's performance. With prise sector, as defined several years ago, has changed. its diminishing size and importance due to privatization, Nevertheless, the well over 3,500 privatization transac- it is no longer informative to produce such data. Instead, tions that were reported across Africa up to the end of as prnvatization programs advance to maturity, it will 2000 have brought about fundamental changes: become important to track the performance of private sector businesses. In the meantime, measurement of the * The fiscal burden of public enterprises has been re- level of privatization activity is a useful gauge of the duced or eliminated. decreasmg role of governments in commercial business; * Privatization receipts have contnbuted to a reduc- conversely, it indicates how much of state-owned com- tion in fiscal deficits. mercial activity has been transferred to the private sec- * Privatization has attracted foreign direct investment tor. To the extent that data are available, it is also pos- both to acquire enterprises and for post-privatization sible to measure how privatization has, over time, con- investment in those businesses. tributed to government revenues and mobilized savings * The process has stimulated private sector develop- and investment. However, this measurement is by no ment by making investment opportunities available, means easy or precise, partly because of incomplete spurring capital market development, and contrib- and inconsistent data but also because of redefinitions uting to a more competitive business environment. of the public enterprise sector. For example, some en- * Being a politically sensitive subject, the process has terprises, notably those formerly in a monopolistic posi- highlighted the need for transparency and public tion, are bemg split in order to separate their commer- accountability. cial, social, developmental, and regulatory activities. In some cases, separate operating divisions or geographi- The tables presented in this chapter summarize data cally distinct assets are sold separately. And in yet other contained in the World Bank's Africa Privatization Data- cases, commercial and semi-commercial activities are base, which is accessible through the internet at: being separated out from government ministries and other agencies to become redefined as "commercial enter- http://www.worldbank.org/afr/databasel afrpriv/pJquery.cfin 260 Privatization of Pubhlc Enterprises 261 10-1. Summary of privatization of pUbiC c literprises Total Total Transactions completed Transactions by sector no of sales Agric trans- value Before prod & Manu- actions (USSm) 1997 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 process FinancialJfacturmng Servces Trade Other SUB3-SAHARAN AFRICA 3,610 7,355 2,543 254 151 112 91 19 788 159 1,106 819 408 330 excluding South Afnca 3,594 4,894 2,S39 252 147 109 89 19 788 159 1,100 809 408 330 excl S Africa &Nigeria 3,513 4,688, 2,458' 254 !51 112 91 19 788 159 1,077 799 408 330 Angola 332 25 56 1 ., 9 1 29 9 9 275 Benin 50 63 44 3 1 8 1 1 8 1 8 5 Botswana Burina Faso 47 24 26 2 9 1 1 1 4 1 7 1 3 2 Burundi 45 14 42 3 2 21 4 7 1 0 3 Cameroon 55 72 39 5 4 1 1 5 24 4 8 1 8 1 Cape Verde 56 172 33 9 1 3 7 1 9 3 20 20 4 Central Afncan Republic 37 35 1 1 8 6 9 14 Chad 36 6 3 1 . * 2 2 1 1 1 6 7 9 3 Comoros 4 ° 4 Congo, Dem. Rep. of 21 . 21 .. 3 1 6 10 I Congo, Rep of 102 50 61 3 1 37 9 22 32 2 C6te d'Ivoire 105 811 68 15 I11 6 4 40 5 34 24 2 Djibouti Equatonal Guinea 3 0 . ..3 Entrea Ethiopia 155 203 103 13 18 10 I11 23 34 19 79 G.abon 31 I 1 2 2 1 1 3 1 25 Gamnbia, The 34 10 31 1 1 8 4 9 8 5 G,hana 236 674 189 27 4 10 4 44 10 102 50 30 Guinea 117 9 116 1 .. 11 7 56 14 29 Guinea-Bissau 29 1 29 4 6 14 5 Kenya 188 248 157 27 4 7 1 12 59 39 7 Lesotho 33 24 9 1 5 6 to 2 2 6 3 1 8 4 Libena Madagascar 136 43 84 1 1 50 5 47 24 1 0 Malawx 69 57 43 5 5 12 3 38 5 14 9 3 Mali 77 32 60 1 1 8 13 3 26 27 8 Mauntania 57 to 35 2 6 1 21 6 7 19 3 1 Maunthus Mozambique 519 217 548 3 1 75 2 256 120 126 Namibia Niger 35 3 34 1 2 2 6 4 3 18 Nigena 81 207 81 . 23 24 23 10 I Rwanda 2 .I I Sao Tome and Pnncipe 9 9 ,5 1 3 Senegal 66 412 49 4 6 2 2 . 7 1 1 16 30 2 Seychelles Sierra Leone 10 8 1 . .. 4 6 Somalia South Afnca 16 2,461 4 2 4 3 2 ..6 10 Sudan 32 32 .11 1 8 11 I Swaziland.. Tanzania 284 246 154 40 64 23 2 . 98 3 109 46 27 1 Togo 60 39 44 9 3 1 3 9 1 25 24 1 Uganda 105 149 85 2 3 11 4 21 5 33 34 12 Zamnbia 270 906 181 55 16 12 6 71 6 70 103 20 Zimbabwe 6 166 2 3 1 3 1 1 1 NORTH AFRICA 1S6 595 71 30 40 1 .. 13 .. 58 53 2 16 Algena Egypt 59 307 15 8 31 . . 5 34 8 1 6 Libya Morocco 64 259 29 16 6 1 4 . 10 28 10 Tunisia 63 29 27 6 3 4 14 17 1 ALL AFRICA 3,796 1,910 2,614 284 191 113 . . 01 I* i,64 872 410 346 262 Privatization of Public Enterprises 10-2. Divestiture Methods Employed (to end 2001) Soles of shares Sale of Assets Other methods Corn- Pre- Compet. Debtl Mgmtl /Mgmt petitive Direct empi ion Public Liqui- itirve Direct Equity Joint employee con- Restin- sole Sole rights flotaiton dation sole sale swaps Leases ventures buyouts tracts Trustees ulion Other SU]B-SAHARAN AFRICA 971 83 181 104 641 558 40 13 142 37 so 57 19 5 1 629 excluding South Africa 961 83 181 103 641 558 '40 13 142 37 so8 57 19 5I 625 ex-.1 S Africa&Nigeria 956 83 181 66 641 558 40 13 142 37 80 57 19 51 629 Angola 57 275 Benin 5 2 23 12 3 2 2 1 Botswana Burkina Faso 1 9 3 16 I I 1 1 4 Burunci I11 3 1 3 S 1 9 3 Camneroon 20 1 9 16 Cape Verde 21 2 5 I1I I 1 6 1 8 Central African Republic 2 26 I I I 6 Chad 15 2 1 1 5 3 Comoros 4 Congo, Dern Rep of I 15 5 Congo, Rep of 2 53 2 45 C8te d'Ivoire 1 5 2 23 22 2 24 8 3 1 3 Djibouti Equatorial Guinea 3 Eritrea Ethiopia 30 44 81 Gabon 4 1 26 Gambia, The 13 7 3 1 5 1 1 2 Ghana 10 I11 19 13 56 76 12 2 5 13 I 12 6 Guinea 42 1 67 1 4 2 Guinea-Bissau 7 2 8 2 2 1 7 Kenya 13 96 16 36 17 4 1 1 1 3 Lesotho 7 3 8 3 I I 10 Libenia Madagascar 6 14 29 15 6 I 1 3 8 53 Malawi 22 5 2 13 1 3 23 Mali 14 1 31 11 I 1 3 15 Maunitania 26 17 3 1 3 7 Maunittus Mozamnbique 509 22 37 10 I Namibia Niger 13 17 2 3 Nigena 5 5 37 2 29 1 2 Rwanda 2 SAo Tomad wdPnncipe 1 6 1 I Senegal 29 1 1 2 23 1 1 3 1 1 3 Seychelles SierraLeone I S 3 1 Somalia South Africa 10 I I 4 Sudan 7 15 5 I 4 Swaziland Tanzania 61 4 13 1 84 70 3 1 25 3 6 3 2 2 6 Togo 10 7 20 13 1 6 3 Uganda 14 10 2 21 25 2 I 4 2 5 11 8 Zambia 37 6 14 4 22 III 2 38 1 17 16 2 Zimbabwe I I 4 NORTH AFRICA .-- . Algeria Egypt Libya Morocco Tunisia ALL AFRCA 971 83 181 104 641 558 40 13 142 37 80 57 19 51 629 Privatization of Public Enterprises 263 10-3. Progress in privatization: ownership and control changes* Transfer of Government Government Sales Total majority owner- retention of retention of of minority Total asset Total ship to private majority minority government share sales and Other trans- shareholders ownership interest interest transactions liquidation transactions actions SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 2,392 219 383 228 1,340 1,240 1,030 3,610 excluding South Africa 2,386 213 382 227 1,329 1,239 1,026 3,594 excl S Aftca&Nigeria 2,331 212 374 204 1,282 t,208 1,023 3,513 Angola 56 57 275 332 Benin 42 3 1 1 7 38 5 50 Botswana BurkinaFaso 27 21 2 22 16 9 47 Burundi 31 1 11 14 18 13 45 Cameroon 49 1 1 20 19 16 55 Cape Verde 41 2 5 5 28 13 15 56 Central Afncan Republic 29 2 1 2 2 26 9 37 Chad 19 5 6 4 17 11 8 36 Comoros 4 4 Congo,Dem Rep of 16 5 1 15 5 21 Congo, Rep of 60 1 1 2 53 47 102 C6te d'lvoire 52 9 28 29 63 35 7 105 Djibouti Equatonal Guinea 3 3 Entrea Ethiopia 30 30 125 155 Gabon I 4 1 26 31 Ganbia, The 20 6 6 20 4 10 34 Ghana 183 12 25 24 53 144 39 236 Guinea 108 9 18 43 68 6 117 Guinea-Bissau 20 9 9 10 10 29 Kenya 77 3 53 61 125 57 6 188 Lesotho 15 4 3 1 10 11 12 33 Libena Madagascar 82 4 17 20 50 66 136 Malawi 39 7 5 29 13 27 69 Mali 56 1 4 3 15 42 20 77 Mauntania 31 3 7 18 26 20 11 57 Mauntius Mozaunbique 536 43 75 509 22 48 579 Namibia Niger 30 2 4 2 13 17 5 35 Nigena 55 1 8 23 47 31 3 81 Rwanda 2 2 Sao Tome and Pnncipe 8 1 1 6 2 9 Senegal 49 8 16 6 33 24 9 66 Seychelles Sierra Leone 1 9 1 1 9 10 Somalia South Afnca 6 6 1 1 11 1 4 16 Sudan 31 1 3 7 15 10 32 Swaziland Tanzania 241 29 33 3 79 157 48 284 Togo 40 8 1 9 17 34 9 60 Uganda 95 1 9 7 26 46 33 105 Zambia 231 30 28 5 61 135 74 270 Zimbabwe 6 5 6 6 NORTH AFRICA - Algena Egypt Libya Morocco Tunisia ALL AFRICA . I Reflect data to end 2001 264 Privatization of Public Enterprises Technical notes Tables acquire assets or shares on deferred terms. Also, it should be noted that: (i) in the cases of some subsid- Table 10-1. Summary of privatization of public iary companies, the cash proceeds are not paid to enterprises. For purposes of monitonng and report- government but instead go to the parent company; ing on privatization activity, all reported transactions and (ii) for official liquidations, the proceeds are paid involving a sale of assets or shares (however small) to the liquidator who first applies them toward set- or the formal yielding of management control (as tling enterprise debts. through a management contract) are included in the World Bank's Africa Pnvatization Database. Hence, Table 10-2. Divestiture methods employed (to end in the table, "privatization" is used generically to in- 2001). The table shows the various privatization meth- clude. the sale or disposal of some or all of the assets ods employed in each country. The methods employed of public enterprises, the sale of government-owned could not be confirmed for all transactions. "Direct shares in enterprises, the reduction in equity percent- sales" refers to transactions which were negotiated age held by a government through share dilutions or directly with one party and which were not the out- through transfer of enterprise assets to a new joint come of a competitive bidding process. However, in venture, liquidations, leases, and management con- some cases a direct sale was concluded (on a tracts Sometimes, the process of privatizing an en- non-competitive basis) as a result of a failure of an terprise involves several consecutive transactions (for earlier competitive bidding process. "Preemptive example, a sale of a block of shares to a core investor rights" refers to transactions whereby a government and a subsequent initial public offering). The table has sold shares to an existing private shareholder (or summarizes the data contained in the Africa shareholders) who exercised preemptive rights to ac- Privatization Database which originate from national quire those shares in accordance with specific provi- privatization agencies and other sources. The data are sions of the company's charter (Articles of Associa- frequently updated and changes to previous entries tion). In some cases, the charter specified the amount occur as more information becomes available. There to be paid per share or the formula for calculating that are a few instances where previously reported amount; otherwise it has been the subject of negotia- privatizations are removed from the database because tion. "Joint ventures" refer to the type of transaction a transaction has been nullified due to non-fulfillment whereby a government concluded a deal (usually with of contractual conditions on the part of one of the a foreign investor) involving the formation of a new parties. For financial data, the term "sale value" is company in which the government's equity contribu- preferred since the use of the term "proceeds" might tion was in the form of the major or all assets of a imply the value of amounts actually paid. In practice, public enterprise. The remaining shell company would some deals are structured so that new investors may then be maintained only as a book company or be liq- Privatization of Public Enterprises 265 uidated; if it were liquidated it is not included as a ity to exit from equity participation in commercial liquidation since this would be double counting. Trans- activity. Although a government's influence is not actions described as "Trustees" refer to privatizations necessarily restricted by its equity participation, it is achieved by transference of shares of a public enter- generally assumed that once a government owns less prise to a trustee for onward sale, at a later date or than 50 percent of the voting shares of a company, over a period, to the public or to selected segments that company is "private" and the private sharehold- of the public. "Restitutions" are those transactions ers (except in the instance of exercise of golden share whereby a company has been handed back to a pre- rights) have management control of the company. vious owner from whom the company had been ex- Ownership control is usually unaffected when gov- propriated. "Other sales" includes sundry methods, emient continues to be a majority shareholder or such as enterprises donated by governments to local sells a minority interest. Concessions, leases, and man- communities, but principally comprises transactions agement contracts are assumed not to have affected where the method of privatization was not reported. ownership rights but to have transferred management control to the private sector for a defined period. The Table 10-3. Progress in privatization: ownership table shows the number of reported transactions and control changes (to end 2001). This table pre- where governments have: fully sold wholly- or sents the inferred outcome of privatization transac- majority-owned enterprises, sold shares and trans- tions on the ownership and control of enterprises or ferred ownership control but retained a minority eq- their assets. Ownership changes are important in in- uity interest, sold shares but retained ownership con- dicating the effect that privatization transactions may trol, sold a proportion of a minonty stake, and other or may not have on the enterprises and in indicating transactions where management control has been ceded. the extent of a government's willingness and/or abil- 266 Privatization of Public Enterprises Methodology used for regional aggregations and period averages in chapter 10 Aggregations' Period averages b Table (1) (2) (1) 10-1 x 10-2 x 10-3 x Note Regional aggregations are shown in the rows for Sub-Saharan Afnca, North Afnca, and All Afnca Penod averages are shown in the last three columns This table shows only the methodologies used in this chapter a Regional aggregations (I) simple total, (2) simple total of the first indicator divided by the simple total of the second indicator (same country coverage), (3) simple total of the gap-filled indicator, (4) simple total of the gap-filled main indicator divided by the simple total of the gap-filled secondary indicator, (5) simple total of the first gap-filled main indicator less the simple total of the second gap-filled main indicator, all divided by the simple total of the secondary indicator, (6) weighted total (by population), (7) median, (8) no aggregaton, (9) simple anthmetic mean b Penod averages (I) anthmetic mean (using the same senes as shown in the table i e ,ratio if the rest of the table is shown as ratio, level if the rest of the table is shown as level, growth rate if the rest is shown as growth rate), (2) least-squares growth rate (using main indicator), (3) least-squares growth rate (using man indicator in constant terms, with the rest of the table in current terms) 11 Labor Force and Employment T his chapter presents data on the level and struc- The definition of labor force or economically ac- ture of the labor force. The distribution of the tive population is that used by the International Labor labor force into various industrial activities is Organization (ILO), which follows the UN system of also given, as well as the participation rates of the national accounts (SNA). The labor force is measured population in economic activities. Information is also by dividing economically active persons into two cat- presented on average wages in different sectors. egories: employed and unemployed. Caution in the The treatment of statistics on public sector employ- use of the data is necessary because, as pointed out in ment is not consistent among countries. The scope the ILO's World Labor Report I (1987), there are covered often varies. While some countries include many persons who do not clearly come within one of education and health sectors, others leave them out. these categories or the other. Many are visibly under- Staff of local, regional, and state or provincial gov- employed in that they work less than full time Others ernments are likewise treated differently. work full time but earn less than a subsistence income. The stipulations on wages take different forms Some of the unemployed may even be voluntarily idle. among the countries where such practice exists. While The comparability of the data is further hampered some countries have a minimum wage per hour by the fact that practices vary among countries as re- worked, others stipulate a minimum monthly wage gards the treatment of such groups as armed forces, for a worker. To permit some measure of compara- inmates of institutions, persons living on reservations, bility, we have computed and reported the monthly persons seeking their first job, seasonal workers, and average earnings per wage earner. These earnings are persons engaged in part-time economic activities. In further converted to U.S. dollars at the Atlas exchange some countries, all or part of these groups are included rate. These data should be used with caution since among the economically active, while in others they some countries have more than one minimum wage are treated as inactive. In addition, the extent to which rate based on the industry and the occupation within family workers who assist in family enterprises are the industry as well as on the region of the country included among the enumerated economically active concerned population, particularly females, varies considerably 267 268 Labor Force and Employment from country to country. Further, in some countries tion of each individual on the day of the census or the statistics of the economically active relate only to survey date, while in others the data recorded refer employed and unemployed persons above a specified to the usual position of each person, generally with- age, while in others there is no such age provision. out reference to any given period of time. The reference period is also an important factor of The sources for the tables in this chapter are vari- difference, especially when it comes to the classifica- ous issues of the ILO's Yearbook of Labor Statistics, tion of the labor force according to industry. In some and electronic ILO files kept in World Bank SIMA. countries, such classification refers to the actual posi- Labor Force and Employment 269 11-1. Number and gender structure of the labor force Total labor force (thousands) Percentage of total labor force that is female 1980 1990 2001 1980 1990 2001 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 171,980 224,619 297,874 42.0 41,7 42 0 excluding South Africa 161,634 211,021 280,661 42.4 42 0 42 3 excl S Africa & Nigena 132,114 172,559 229,035 43.8 43 5 43 5 Angola 3,491 4,484 6,217 47 0 46 5 46 3 Benin 1,657 2,114 2,910 47 0 483 48 3 Botswana 395 556 756 50 1 46 8 45 2 Burkina Faso 3,802 4,590 5,683 47 6 46 8 46 5 Burundi 2,269 2,934 3,798 50 2 49 1 48 6 Camero 3,649 4,671 6,205 36 8 37 0 38 I Cape Verde 94 127 186 34 0 38 9 38 9 Central African Republic 1,215 1,447 1,820 Cliad 2,233 2,783 3,837 43 4 44 0 44 8 Comoros 152 193 262 43 1 42 9 42 3 Congo, Democratic Rep of 11,961 15,717 21,638 44 5 43 9 43 4 Congo, Republic of 703 933 1,284 42 4 43 2 43 5 C6te dIlvoire 3,280 4,465 6,598 32 2 324 33 D3jibouti Equatonal Guinea 96 ISO 196 35 1 35 6 35 6 Entsrea 1,218 1,584 21 12 47 4 475 474 Ethiopia 16,924 22,806 28,261 42 3 40 9 40 9 Gabon 363 455 573 45 0 44 2 44 7 Gamnbia, The 330 470 678 44 8 44 6 45 1 Ghana 5,088 7,063 9,397 51 0 50 9 50 4 Guinea 2,293 2,821 3,591 47 1 47 5 47 2 Guinea-Bissau 382 453 575 39 9 40 1 40 5 Kenya 7,829 11,184 15,915 46 0 45 9 46 1 Lesotho 571 676 852 37 9 36 5 37 0 Libena 790 989 1,292 38 4 39 1 39 6 Madagascar 4,323 5,453 7,557 45 2 45 0 44 7 Malawi 3,112 4,189 5,060 50 6 49 5 48 5 Mali 3,393 4,254 5,417 46 7 46 6 46 2 Mauritania 746 904 1,271 45 0 44 3 43 5 Mauntius 343 432 519 25 7 30 3 32 8 Mozambique 6,686 7,492 9,384 49 0 48 4 48 4 Nasnibia 429 571 739 40 1 40 4 40 9 Niger 2,803 3,746 5,262 44 6 44 I 44 3 Nigena 29,519 38,462 51,625 36 2 35 4 36 6 Rwanda 2,639 3,628 4,722 49 1 49 0 48 8 SAo Tonie and Pnncipe Senegal 2,542 3,269 4,376 42 2 42 4 42 6 Seychelles Sierra Leoiie 1,248 1,490 1,917 35 5 35 5 37 0 Somalia 2,968 3,170 3,889 43 4 43 3 43 4 South Africa 10,347 13,598 17,214 3 51 36 9 37 9 Sudan 7,070 9,207 12,716 26 9 27 1 29 8 Swaziland 202 262 394 33 5 37 0 37 8 Tanzania 9,508 13,122 17,731 49 8 49 6 49 0 rogo 1,099 1,447 1,930 39 3 39 8 40 0 Uganda 6,617 8,319 11,175 47 9 47 8 47 6 Zambia 2,398 3,184 4,391 45 4 45 7 44 7 Zimbabwe 3,204 4,755 5,947 44 4 44 2 44 5 NORTH AFRICA 29,265 38,446 52,935 27 2 27 6 31 0 AIgen a 4,848 7,046 10,583 21 4 21 1 28 3 Egypt, Arab Republic 14,319 18,313 25,152 26 5 27 0 30 7 Libya 943 1,235 1,551 18 6 18 2 23 6 Morocco 6,968 8,987 11,779 33 5 34 6 34 8 Tuinisia 2,187 2,865 3,871 28 9 29 1 31 9 ALL AFRICA 201,245 263,065 350,810 39 8 39 6 40 3 270 Labor Force and Employment 11-2. Children under 14 working in the Ilaboir foirce As percentage ofpopulation age IO to 14 1970 1980 1990 2001 SUB-SA1tAR.AN AFRICA 36.2 345 32.2 29.9 excluiding South Afhca 39 0 370 34.5 31,8 excl. S.Afrhca & Nigeria 40 9 39 2 36.2 33 5 Angola 31 4 29 7 28 1 25 9 Benin 34 4 30 3 28 6 26 3 Botswana 32 3 25 9 194 13 9 Burkina Faso 75 1 70 9 58 7 41 9 Burnmdi 50 8 50 0 49 4 48 4 Catneroon 38 9 33 9 27 5 22 5 Cape Verde 17 3 16 0 14 7 13 4 Central African Republic 45 0 39 4 33 8 28 6 Chad 41 9 41 6 40 0 36 3 Comoros 45 8 44 7 40 9 37 2 Congo. Democratic Rep of 36 5 33 2 30 5 28.4 Congo, Republic of 28 3 27 5 26 6 25 3 COte d'Ivoire 34 6 284 22 3 18 3 Dji'bouti Equatorial Guinea 42 7 404 35 8 31 6 Entrea 46 1 43 8 40 8 382 Ethiopia 485 46 3 43 5 40 9 Gabon 35 6 29 1 22 7 13 2 Gamnbia, The 45 9 44 4 40 2 33 2 Ghana 163 16 2 14 6 117 Guinea 43 3 41 2 37 0 30 5 Guinea-Bissau 45 2 43 4 404 36 4 Kenya 45 0 45 0 43 4 38 7 Lesotho 30 9 27 7 23 5 20 5 Libenia 31 1 25 7 21 8 14 7 Madagascar 41 7 40 2 37 6 33 8 Malawi 50 7 45 2 38 9 30 8 Mali 62 5 61 2 57 9 50 5 Mauritania 33 3 29 6 25 8 21 7 Mauritius 5 8 4 8 4 0 1 8 Mozanmbique 40 7 39 5 35 2 32 1 Namubia 40 2 33 6 26 0 16 5 Niger 48 8 47 8 46 8 43 2 Nigeria 30 8 29 2 27 6 23 5 Rwanda 43 3 42 5 42 1 41 3 S8o Tome and Principe Senegal 46 9 42 9 35 4 26 5 Seychelles Sierra Leone 21 7 19 4 17 1 13 6 Somalia 39 9 37 7 34 5 31 0 South Africa 2 7 0 9 0 0 0 0 Sudan 34 1 33 3 31 4 27 0 Swaziland 19 1 17 2 15 3 11 9 Tanzania 45 6 42 8 42 1 36 4 Togo 40 4 36 1 30 4 26 5 Uganda 50 4 48 8 46 8 43 5 Zambia 21 1 19 0 16 9 15 5 Zimbabwe 41 1 36 7 31 8 26 6 N'ORTH AFRCA 12 7 15 1 8 8 5 8 Algena 11 4 7 1 3 3 0 0 Egypt, Arab Republic 23 6 18 3 13 2 8 8 Libya 12 8 8 7 0 5 0 0 Morocco 21 5 20 9 10 6 0 6 Tuiusia 12 2 5 8 0 0 0 0 ALL APRCA 31 3 30 9 28 0 25 8 Labor Force and Employment 271 11-3. Unpaid family workers as share of active workers Percentage of unpaidfamily workers in economically active workers (most recent year available between 1980-2000) Female Male Total SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA excluding South Africa excl S Africa & Nigeria Angola Benin Botswana 418 36 0 77 7 Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon 32 7 9 2 41 9 Cape Verde Central Afncan Republic Chad Comoros Congo, Democratic Rep of Congo, Republic of Cote d'lvoire Djibouti Equatonal Guinea Entrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia, The Ghana 0 0 0 0 0 0 Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Libena Madagascar Malawi Malt Mauntania Mauritius Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigena 14 9 8 6 23 5 Rwanda Sao Tome and Pnncipe Senegal Seychelles 04 0 2 0 6 Sierra Leone Somalia South Afnca Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe NORTH AFRICA 6 9 13 4 Algena 5 6 6 2 Egypt, Arab Republic 1 9 15 0 16 9 Libya Morocco Tunisia 18 5 51 23 6 ALL AFRICA 272 Labor Force and Employment 11-4. Industrial structure of the labor force Percentage of laborforce working in Agriculture Industry Services 1980 1990 1995-1999 1980 1990 1995-1999 1980 1990 1995-1999 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA .. excludtng Soutth Africa exci S.Aftica& Nigeia 6& 64 12 12 20 24 Angola 76 75 8 8 16 17 Benmn 67 64 7 8 26 28 Botswana 5 3 33 31 62 66 Burkina Faso 92 92 3 2 5 6 Bunindi Cameroon 73 70 8 9 19 22 Cape Verde 36 31 31 29 33 40 Central Afncan Republic 85 80 3 4 12 16 Chad 88 83 3 4 9 13 Comoros 81 77 8 9 12 13 Congo, Democratic Rep of 72 68 12 13 16 19 Congo, Repubhc of 58 49 13 15 29 37 C8ted'Ivoire 65 60 8 10 27 31 Djlbouti Equatonal Guinea 78 75 5 5 17 20 Entrea 83 81 5 5 12 15 Ethiopia 89 2 10 Gabon 66 52 12 16 22 33 Gambia, The 84 82 7 8 9 11 Ghana Guinea 91 87 1 2 8 11 Gutnea-Bissau 87 85 2 2 11 13 Kenya 23 19 19 22 20 20 55 61 62 Lesotho 40 40 34 28 26 32 Libena 77 72 6 6 18 22 Madagascar 82 78 6 7 13 15 Malawi Mali 89 86 2 2 9 12 Mauntania 71 55 7 10 22 34 Mauntius 29 16 15 25 44 40 43 38 46 Mozambique 84 83 8 8 8 9 Namibia 47 53 38 16 18 14 37 29 47 Niger 6 8 67 49 26 44 Nigena 3 22 75 Rwanda 93 92 3 3 4 5 Sgo Tom6 and Pnncipe Senegal 81 77 6 8 13 16 Seychelles Sierra Leone 70 67 14 15 16 17 Somalia 78 75 7 8 15 16 South Afnca Sudan 72 70 8 9 20 22 Swaziland 40 24 26 26 35 50 Tanzania Togo 69 66 10 10 22 24 Uganda Zambia 76 75 8 8 16 17 Zumbabwe 32 24 27 28 40 48 NORTH AFRICA 40 27 22 23 27 26 36 46 52 Algena 36 26 27 31 37 43 Egypt,ArabRepublic 42 39 30 20 21 22 36 40 48 Libya 25 11 24 23 51 66 Morocco 4 6 36 33 60 61 Tunisia 39 30 31 ALL AFRICA Note Figures may not add up to 100 because of rounding Labor Force and Employment 273 11-5. Industrial structure of economically active population Percentage of population economically active Agriculture Industry Services Male Female Male Female Male Female 1980 2000* 1980 2000* 1980 2000 1980 2000* 1980 2000* 1980 2000* SUB-SAltARAN AFRICA excluding South Afnca exci S.Afnca & Nigena 62 58 78 73 15 15 4 5 23 26 18 22 Angola 67 65 87 86 13 14 i 2 20 21 11 13 Benin 66 62 69 65 10 12 4 4 24 27 27 30 Botswana 6 3 3 2 41 38 8 18 53 60 89 80 Burkina Faso 92 91 93 94 3 2 2 2 5 7 5 5 Burundi 88 86 98 98 4 4 1 1 9 10 1 1 Cameroon 65 62 87 83 11 12 2 3 24 26 11 14 Cape Verde 34 30 39 33 38 38 18 16 28 33 42 51 Central African Republic 79 74 90 87 5 6 1 0 15 20 9 13 Chad 82 77 95 91 6 7 0 1 12 16 4 8 Comoros 70 68 93 90 12 13 3 5 17 20 4 5 Congo, Democratic Rep of 62 58 84 81 18 20 4 5 20 23 12 14 Congo,Republicof 42 33 81 69 20 23 2 4 38 44 17 27 C6te d'lvoire 60 54 75 72 10 12 5 6 30 34 20 22 Djibouti 3 0 11 1 78 88 Equatonal Guinea 71 66 91 91 7 7 3 2 23 27 6 8 Entrea 79 77 88 85 7 8 2 2 14 16 11 13 Ethiopia 89 88 2 2 9 11 Gabon 59 46 74 59 18 21 6 10 24 33 21 32 Garnbia,The 78 74 93 92 10 12 3 2 13 14 5 6 Ghana 66 59 10 10 23 32 Guinea 86 83 97 92 2 3 1 1 12 15 3 7 Gtiinea-Bissau 81 78 98 96 3 3 0 1 17 19 3 3 Kenya 23 20 25 16 24 23 9 10 53 57 65 75 Lesotho 26 29 64 59 52 41 5 5 22 30 31 36 Liberia 69 65 89 84 9 9 1 1 22 26 10 16 Madagascar 73 70 93 88 9 10 2 3 19 20 5 9 Malawi 50 73 25 7 25 20 Mali 86 83 92 89 2 2 1 2 12 15 7 9 Mauritania 65 49 79 63 11 16 2 4 25 35 19 34 Mauntius 29 15 30 13 19 39 40 43 47 46 31 45 Mozambique 72 70 97 96 14 15 1 1 14 15 2 3 Namibia 52 38 42 39 22 19 10 8 27 43 47 52 Niger 7 8 6 5 69 51 29 24 25 41 66 71 Nigena 4 2 30 11 67 87 Rwanda 88 86 98 98 5 6 1 1 7 8 1 2 Sao Toine and Principe Senegal 74 70 90 86 9 10 2 4 17 20 8 11 Seychelles Sierra Leone 63 60 82 81 20 22 4 4 17 18 14 16 Somalia 69 66 90 87 12 13 2 2 19 21 8 11 South Afica 18 16 16 10 45 42 16 15 37 42 68 76 Sudan 66 64 88 84 9 10 4 5 24 26 8 11 Swaziland 40 38 29 14 30 48 Tanzaniia 78 90 7 1 15 8 Togo 70 66 67 65 12 12 7 7 19 22 26 29 Uganda 91 91 4 6 5 3 Zambia 69 68 85 83 13 13 3 3 19 19 13 14 Zimbabwe 29 23 50 38 31 32 8 10 40 46 42 52 NORTH AFRICA 38 21 27 24 25 27 13 21 36 51 54 54 Algeria 27 18 69 57 33 38 6 7 40 45 25 36 Egypt, Arab Republic 45 29 10 35 21 25 13 9 33 46 69 56 Libya 16 7 63 28 29 27 3 5 55 66 34 68 Morocco 6 6 32 40 63 54 Tunisia 33 22 53 20 30 32 32 40 37 44 16 38 ALL AFRICA *or mosi recent avadable daia 274 Labor Force and Employment 11-6. Wages in agriculture Monthly earnings in current US dollars 1980 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA excluding South Africa exci SAfrica & Nigena Angola Benin Botswana 54 71 80 97 97 90 90 90 80 80 Burkma Faso Bunmndi Cameroon Cape Verde Central Afncan Republic Chad Comoros Congo, Democratic Rep of Congo, Republic of C6te d'Ivoire Djibouti Equatonal Guinea Entrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia, The Ghana 34 52 73 64 104 Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya 59 53 48 47 45 39 Lesotho Libena Madagascar Malawv 20 12 13 15 16 Mah Mauntania Mauntius Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigena Rwanda Sao Tom6 and Pnncipe Senegal Seychelles 139 304 305 348 366 434 442 456 513 Sierra Leone Somalia South Afnca Sudan Swaziland 437 423 496 533 512 550 483 Tanzania Togo Uganda Zambia 112 Zimbabwe 76 71 75 56 34 38 35 34 NORTH AFRICA Algena Egypt, Arab Republic 154 144 94 53 53 65 69 75 Libya Morocco Tunisia 82 77 92 89 101 ALL AFRICA Labor Force and Employment 275 11-7. Wages in manufacturing Monthly earnings in current US dollars 1980 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA .. excluding South Afnrca excl S Aftica & Nigena . Angola Benin Botswana 181 171 206 199 242 250 200 210 186 173 Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central Afncan Republic Chad Comoros Congo, Democratic Rep of Congo, Republic of C6te d'lvoire Djibouti Equatonal Guinea Entrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia, The Ghana 57 106 136 138 93 Guinea 121 113 122 115 133 131 152 Guinea-Bissau Kenya 169 139 136 134 121 94 Lesotho Libena Madagascar Malawi 75 53 53 65 55 47 40 21 13 Mali Mauntania Mauntius 181 184 209 235 258 250 287 326 333 306 Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigena Rwanda Sao TomC and Pnncipe Senegal Seychelles 212 346 350 410 427 459 474 479 528 Sierra Leone Somalia South Afnca 475 535 548 642 685 770 749 Sudan 55 83 12 Swaziland 571 414 397 533 513 521 351 524 588 556 Tanzanma Togo Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe 327 314 325 256 220 192 191 221 230 NORTH AFRICA Algena Egypt, Arab Republic 252 228 150 75 80 90 98 107 Libya Morocco Tunisia ALL AFRICA 276 Labor Force and Employment 11-8. Wages in mining and quarryinig Monthly earnings in current US dollars 1980 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA excluding South Afnca exci SAfrtica & Nigena Angola Benin Botswana 287 319 450 424 436 496 430 428 372 371 Burkina Faso Burundi Cawneroon Cape Verde Central Afncan Republic Chad Comoros Congo, Democratic Rep of Congo, Republic of C6te d'Ivoire Djibouti Equatonal Guinea Entrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia, The Ghana 64 57 64 117 75 Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya 157 104 106 101 93 96 Lesotho Libena Madagascar Malawi 36 17 17 20 30 23 59 30 18 Mali Mauntania Mauntius 245 231 256 272 302 280 374 436 457 415 Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigena Rwanda Sao Tom6 and Pnncipe Senegal Seychelles 212 334 317 348 378 444 455 477 523 Sierra Leone Somalia South Afnca 330 397 403 477 514 561 541 Sudan 53 99 Swaziland 822 483 309 395 367 395 379 387 523 485 Tanzania Togo Uganda Zambia 358 Zimbabwe 254 242 254 204 180 153 153 187 204 NORTH AFRICA Algena Egypt, Arab Republic 375 427 316 174 167 208 210 203 Libya Morocco Tunisia ALL AFRICA Labor Force and Employment 277 11-9. Wages in construction Monthly earnings in current US dollars 1980 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA exccitding South Afnca excl S Afnca & Nigena Angola Benin Botswana 148 159 182 196 211 220 214 228 197 218 Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo, Democranc Rep of Congo, Republic of C6te dIlvoire Djibouti Equatonal Guinea Entrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia, The Ghana 37 43 51 59 71 Guilnea 84 115 173 159 135 132 177 174 Guinea-Bissau Kenya 133 98 96 99 95 80 Lesoilto Libena Madagascar Malawvi 60 29 29 30 31 34 33 22 17 Mali Mauntania Maiiritius 220 245 255 297 364 324 368 481 507 488 Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sao Tome and Pnncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa 371 367 348 394 437 475 424 Suidan 56 180 13 Swaziland 525 267 192 247 283 470 211 333 227 246 Tanzania Togo Uganda Zambia 172 Zimbabwe 200 182 179 144 110 102 88 114 124 NORTH AFRICA Algena Egypt, Arab Republic 276 253 153 84 80 96 112 115 Libya Morocco Tunisia ALL AFRICA 278 Labor Force and Employment 11-l01 Wages in tra1nsport, storage9 anid communicatioIl Monthly earnings in current US dollars 1980 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 /993 1994 /995 1996 1997 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA excluding South Africa exci S Afnca & Nigena Angola Benm Botswana 239 296 346 417 457 434 468 435 376 344 Burkina Faso Bunindi Cameroon Cape Verde Central Afncan Republic Chad Comoros Congo, Democratic Rep of Congo, Republic of Cote d'lvoire Djibouti Equatonal Guinea Entrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia, The Ghana 55 89 96 100 106 Guinea 119 121 125 Guinea-Bissau Kenya 237 207 193 187 171 131 Lesotho Libena Madagascar Malawi 99 49 62 63 70 66 63 37 25 Mali Mauntania Mautnhus 290 289 307 339 380 353 376 422 453 426 Mozambique Naniibia Niger Nigena Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Seychelles 299 Sierra Leone Somalia South Afica 583 577 702 794 1,110 1,075 Sudan 48 79 14 Swaziland 520 242 192 364 442 357 393 480 539 455 Tanzania Togo Uganda Zambia 153 Zimbabwe 425 429 465 334 289 284 258 275 289 NORTH AFRICA Algena Egypt,ArabRepublic 283 248 147 78 84 121 112 117 Libya Morocco Tunisia ALL AFRICA Labor Force and Employment 279 11-11. Wages in community, social, and personal services Monthly earnings in current US dollars 1980 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA excluding South Africa exci S Afnca & Nigena Angola Benin Botswana 195 189 231 239 249 265 254 280 243 250 Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central Afncan Republic Chad Comoros Congo, Democratbc Rep of Congo, Republic of Cote d'lvoire Djibouti Equatonal Guinea Entrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia, The Ghana 59 81 68 98 Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya 128 118 114 104 75 Lesotho Libena Madagascar Malawi 59 50 43 24 12 Mali Marintania Mauntius 235 245 262 278 307 278 357 392 394 404 Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigena Rwanda S5o Tome and Pnncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa 532 563 679 735 937 Sudan Swaziland 223 446 276 412 238 455 352 352 Tanzania Togo Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe 255 240 259 206 161 139 128 143 192 NORTH AFRICA Algena Egypt, Arab Republic 203 179 128 64 65 67 80 112 Libya Morocco Tunisia ALL AFRICA 280 Labor Force and Employment Technical notes Tables indicate the relative level of development of the economy. This table (ILO data) shows the distribu- Table 11-1. Number and gender structure of the tion of the labor force among the various sectors of labor force. This table (ILO data) provides the total economic activities. The agriculture sector includes number of persons in the labor force and the percent- farming, animal husbandry, hunting, forestry, and fish- age that is female. Labor force refers to "economi- ing. The industry sector includes mining and quarry- cally active" persons, including the armed forces and ing, manufacturing, construction and public works, the unemployed but excluding housewives and stu- electricity, water, and gas. All other branches of ac- dents. The "economically active" population com- tivity are included in services. prises all persons of either gender who fumish the labor to produce economic goods and services, as de- Table 11-5. Industrial structure of economically fined by the SNA, during a specified period. The pro- active population. This is the percentage of the eco- duction of economic goods and services should in- nomically active population working in agriculture, clude all production and processing of primary prod- industry, or services. Data are shown for males and ucts, whether for the market, for barter, or for own females (ILO data) consumption; the production of all other goods and services for the market; and, for households that pro- Table 11-6. Wages in agriculture. Data are from duce such goods and services for the markets, the cor- ILO, Yearbook ofLabor Statistics (1988, 1993, 1994, responding production for own consumption. 1995, and 1998) and show the monthly eamings at the average wage converted to U.S. dollars at the At- Table 11-2. Children under 14 working in the la- las exchange rates in the countries concemed. Eam- bor force. This table (ILO data) shows the percent- ings here are limited to wages and salaries of employ- age of children between the ages of 10 to 14 that par- ees only unless otherwise specified. They include re- ticipate in the labor force. muneration for time not worked, such as for annual vacation, other paid leave or holidays, bonuses and Table 11-3. Unpaid family workers as share of ac- gratuities, and housing and family allowances paid tive workers. This table (ILO data) shows the per- by the employer to the employee. They exclude em- centage of family members-male and female-that ployers' contributions to social security and pension are active workers but receive no compensation for schemes and the benefits received by employees un- their services. der these schemes, as well as severance and termina- tion pay. Table 11-4. Industrial structure of the labor force. It should be remembered that these eamings do not The industrial structure of the labor force can often reflect workers' disposable or net eamings since they Labor Force and Employment 281 include gross wages before deductions, such as taxes Figures for Egypt and Sierra Leone were converted or social security contributions. from weekly to monthly earnings using a rate of 4.3 International comparisons of wages in agriculture weeks per month. Figures for The Gambia were con- should be interpreted with caution because they en- verted from daily to monthly earmings using a rate of tail wide coverage variations mainly as a result of the 22 days per month. form of remuneration, the nature of the work, and the length of the working day. For the following countries wages are paid entirely Table 11-8. Wages in mining and quarrying. Data in cash: Botswana, Burundi, Egypt, Malawi, are from ILO, Yearbook of Labor Statistics (1988, Mauritius, Seychelles, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tunisia, 1993, 1994, 1995, and 1998). Refer to the definitions and Zambia. in Table 11-6. For the following countries, wages shown are cash Data for Burundi include family allowances. Data portion only, although the workers receive other pay- for Egypt are for establishments with 10 or more per- ments-in-kind in addition: Ghana, Kenya, and Zimba- sons employed. Data for Kenya include the value of bwe. Wages for these three countries include the value payments-in-kind. Data for Swaziland refer to skilled of food and lodging allowances. male workers only. Data for Seychelles include con- Data for Burundi include family allowances. Data struction, and beginning in 1988 earnings are ex- for Egypt are for establishments with 10 or more per- empted from income tax. Data for South Africa ex- sons employed. Data for Ghana include forestry and clude salt and iron works. Data for Swaziland refer to fishing. Data for Kenya include the value of payments skilled male workers only. Data for Zimbabwe include in kind. Data for Malawi include forestry and fish- the value of payments-in-kind and refer to all persons ing. Data for Mauritius include sugar and tea facto- engaged. ries. Data for Seychelles exclude hunting. Data for Figures for Egypt and Sierra Leone were converted Swaziland include forestry and refer to skilled male from weekly to monthly earnings using a rate of 4.3 workers only. Data for Zimbabwe include forestry and weeks per month. refer to all persons engaged. Figures for Egypt were converted from weekly to Table 11-9. Wages in construction. Data are from monthly earnings using a rate of 4.3 weeks per month. ILO, Yearbook of Labor Statistics (1988, 1993, Figures for Mauritius and Tunisia were converted 1994, 1995, and 1998). Refer to the definitions in from daily to monthly earnings using a rate of 22 days Table 11-6. per month. Data for Burundi include family allowances. Data for Egypt are for establishments with 10 or more per- Table 11-7. Wages in manufacturing. Data are from sons employed. Data for The Gambia are for estab- ILO, Yearbook ofLabor Statistics (1988, 1993, 1994, lishments with five or more persons employed. Data 1995, and 1998). Refer to the definitions in Table 11-6. for Kenya include the value of payments-in-kind. Data Data for Burundi include family allowances. Data for Swaziland refer to skilled male workers only. Data for Egypt are for establishments with 10 or more per- for South Africa include private construction. Data sons employed. Data for the Gambia are for estab- for Swaziland refer to skilled male workers only. Data lishments with five or more persons employed. Data for Zimbabwe include the value of payments-in-kind for Mauritius exclude sugar and tea factories. Data and refer to all persons engaged. for Seychelles include electricity and water before Figures for Egypt and Sierra Leone were converted 1992, and beginning in 1988 earnings are exempted from weekly to monthly earnings using a rate of 4.3 from income tax. Data for Swaziland refer to skilled weeks per month. Figures for The Gambia were con- male workers only. Data for Zimbabwe include the verted from daily to monthly earmings using a rate of value of payments-in-kind and refer to all persons 22 days per month. engaged 282 Labor Force and Employment Table 11-10. Wages in transport, storage, and com- Table 11-11. Wages in community, social, and per- munications. Data are from ILO, Yearbook of Labor sonal services. Data are from ILO Yearbook of La- Statistics (1988, 1993, 1994, 1995, and 1998). Refer bor Statistics (1998). Refer to the definitions in Table to the definitions in Table 11-6. 11-6. This sector compnses public administration and Data for Burundi include family allowances. Data defense; sanitary and similar services; educational for Egypt are for establishments with 10 or more per- services; research and scientific institutes; medical, sons employed. Data for The Gambia are for estab- dental, and other health services; welfare institutions; lishments with five or more persons employed. Data business, professional, and labor associations; and for Kenya include the value of payments-in-kind. Data other social and community services. Data for Egypt for Swaziland refer to skilled male workers only. Data refer to wage eamers. Figures for Egypt were con- for Zimbabwe include the value of payments-in-kind verted from weekly to monthly eamings using a rate and refer to all persons engaged. of 4.3 weeks per month. Figures for Egypt and Sierra Leone were converted from weekly to monthly eamings using a rate of 4.3 weeks per month. Figures for The Gambia were con- verted from daily to monthly earnings using a rate of 22 days per month. Labor Force and Employment 283 Methodology used for regional aggregations and period averages in chapter 11 a Aggregations Table (1) (6) (8) 11-1 Columns 1-3 x Columns 4-6 x 11-2 x 11-3 x 11-4 x 11-5 x 11-6 x 11-7 x 11-8 x 11-9 x 11-10 x 11-11 x Note Regional aggregations are shown in the rows for Sub-Saharan Afnca, North Afnca, and All Afnca Penod averages are shown in the last three columns This table shows only the methodologies used in this chapter a Regional aggregations (I) simple total, (2) simple total of the first indicator divided by the simple total of the second indicator (same country coverage), (3) simple total of the gap-filled indicator, (4) simple total of the gap-filled main indicator divided by the simple total of the gap filled secondary indicator, (5) simple total of the first gap-filled main indicator less the simple total of the second gap-filled main indicator, all divided by the simple total of the secondary indicator, (6) weighted total (by population), (7) median, (8) no aggregation, (9) simple anthmetic mean 12 AiRd Flows O fficial development assistance (ODA) consists tal expenditures and disbursements of concessional of concessional financial flows that aim to pro- loans. However, because of different sources and defi- mote economic development and welfare. ODA nitions of data, the ODA flows shown in this chapter disbursements from bilateral and multilateral sources will not necessarily equal those that could be calcu- became increasingly important to Africa in the sec- lated by adding net disbursements of official ond half of the 1980s. For many countries, the for- concessional long-term loans (Table 6-1 less Table eign savings made available through ODA flows are 6-4) and net official transfers (Tables 5-6 and 5-9). equivalent to a sizable share of GDP and to the bulk For example, one of the reasons for differences is that of their domestic investment. Thus, monitoring aid the flows shown here include "off-shore" disburse- flows is of special importance because of their sig- ments of grants, primarily for technical cooperation, nificance to the economic performance of the region. which are generally excluded from transfers as re- The tables in this chapter show data on net ODA corded in the balance of payments (Tables 5-6 and flows and their relative importance to key economic 5-9). Other reasons include possible differences in the and demographic indicators in recipient countries, real timing of the recording of disbursements and in the growth in net ODA flows to Sub-Saharan Africa from recording of multilateral ODA major donors or donor groups, and the share of each The data on net ODA disbursements are taken from donor's worldwide aid portfolio allocated to the most recent electronic version of OECD, Geo- Sub-Saharan Africa. graphical Distribution of Financial Flows to Devel- These flows are concessional in character and con- oping Countries. The tables include only those flows tam a grant element of at least 25 percent (based on a for which the recipient is specified in creditor reports. standard 10 percent discount rate). Net ODA disburse- To determine growth rates (based on constant price ments equal gross ODA disbursements less principal series), import price deflators (from the World Bank) repayments (amortization) of previous ODA loans. have been used to deflate the current price series, ODA includes both grants (inflows of unrequited regardless of the type of donor, to indicate the vol- transfers from official sources) for current and capi- ume of imports that aid can finance over time. 284 A id F lo w s 2 8 55 12-1. Net ODA from all donors, nominal Millions of U.S dollars (current prices) Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAH-ARAN AFRICA 7,665 19,514 17,595 19,438 18,877 16,519 14.58 14,504 13,226 13,397 13,868 6.167 12,848 16,515 excluding South Africa 7,665 19.514 17,320 19,143 18,488 16,155 14.461 13,991 12,684 12.909 13,440 6,167 12,848 16,199 excl S.Africa &Nigenia 7,629 19,252 17,030 18,953 18,276 15,965 14,261 13,787 12,532 12,725 13,255 6,122 12,722 15.983 Angola 53 346 291 450 418 473 355 335 388 307 268 51 138 348 Benin 90 270 288 256 280 288 221 205 211 239 273 72 158 255 Botswana 106 112 130 86 90 75 122 106 61 3 1 29 83 133 93 Burkma Faso 212 434 467 434 491 420 368 400 398 336 389 165 264 407 Burundi 117 311 217 312 288 III 56 67 74 93 131 96 188 182 Cameroon 265 716 545 731 444 412 499 499 434 380 398 187 261 502 Cape Verde 64 119 117 122 117 117 ill 130 137 94 76 42 89 113 Ccntral Affican Rcpublic ill 179 173 168 169 170 91 120 118 75 76 80 163 147 Chad 35 239 225 213 236 296 228 168 188 131 179 79 214 223 Comoros 43 48 49 39 42 39 27 35 21 19 28 30 49 38 Congo, Democratic Rep of 428 269 179 246 196 166 158 125 132 184 251 317 537 273 Congo, Republicof 92 114 123 362 125 429 270 66 142 33 75 82 101 174 C6te dlvoire 210 757 764 1,594 1,213 965 446 967 448 352 187 136 271 751 Djibouti 73 113 134 129 105 97 85 81 75 71 55 60 94 104 Equatonal Guinea 9 62 53 30 34 31 24 22 20 21 13 7 39 36 Entrea 67 157 149 159 123 167 149 176 280 159 Ethiopia 212 1,178 1,090 1,071 883 818 579 660 643 693 1,080 208 738 900 Gabon 56 69 101 181 144 127 39 45 48 12 9 50 92 87 Gambia, The 55 ill 85 70 47 37 39 39 34 49 51 38 88 63 Ghana 192 615 624 548 651 651 494 702 609 609 652 136 452 633 Guinea 90 448 408 359 417 299 381 359 238 153 272 68 226 334 Guinea-Bissau 59 107 94 175 119 181 124 96 52 80 59 49 92 ill Kenya 397 886 910 678 734 597 448 415 310 512 453 319 667 671 Lesotho 94 145 144 116 114 104 92 61 31 37 54 72 107 97 Libena 98 120 123 64 124 173 76 72 94 68 37 77 78 102 Madagascar 230 363 363 289 301 357 834 481 359 322 354 148 295 406 Malawi 143 578 498 471 435 492 344 435 447 446 402 115 279 467 Malt 267 432 363 441 541 491 429 347 354 360 350 194 398 420 Mauritania 176 200 325 267 230 272 238 165 219 212 262 177 214 237 Mauntius 33 46 26 14 23 20 43 42 42 20 22 36 52 38 Mozambiquc 169 1,463 1,179 1,200 1,064 888 948 1,040 805 877 935 141 626 1,039 Namibia 143 154 138 192 188 166 181 179 153 109 0 24 159 Niger 170 365 344 377 274 255 333 292 187 211 249 165 333 305 Nigeria 36 262 290 190 212 190 200 204 152 185 185 44 126 216 Rwanda 155 351 356 716 702 467 230 350 373 322 291 131 222 401 SAo Torn6 and Principe 4 56 47 50 84 47 33 28 28 35 38 7 22 46 Senegal 263 670 500 640 666 580 423 501 535 423 419 254 569 568 Seychelles 22 19 20 13 13 19 17 24 13 18 14 16 23 19 Sierra Leone 91 133 208 276 206 184 119 106 74 182 334 51 85 166 Somalia 433 654 893 537 189 88 81 80 115 104 149 283 462 297 Sotuth Africa 275 295 389 364 496 514 541 488 428 421 Sudan 623 541 454 412 242 220 139 209 243 225 172 540 936 379 Swaziland 50 57 55 58 58 33 28 35 29 13 29 33 34 42 Tanzania 679 1,339 950 966 877 877 945 1,000 990 1,022 1,233 513 797 1,038 Togo 91 223 97 125 192 157 125 128 71 70 47 81 162 141 Uganda 114 725 610 752 835 676 813 647 590 819 783 85 304 715 Zambia 318 1,036 872 718 2,034 610 610 349 624 795 374 204 411 782 Zimbabwe 164 792 498 560 492 371 336 262 245 178 159 114 259 385 NORTH AFRICA 2,719 5,364 3,729 3,901 2,970 3,340 2,921 3,057 2,674 2,168 2,350 2,694 2,587 3,886 Algeria 183 406 348 419 312 304 250 394 89 162 182 140 177 289 Egypt, Arab Republic 1,385 3,603 2,395 2,690 2,015 2,199 1,985 1,955 1,582 1,328 1,255 1,774 1,640 2,622 Libya 17 6 4 4 6 8 7 7 7 9 9 9 Morocco 899 946 712 631 495 650 464 530 679 419 517 537 494 694 Tunisia 232 390 227 106 71 124 194 ISO 253 223 378 223 252 239 ALL AFRICA 10,384 24,878 21,324 23,339 21,847 19,860 17,878 17,562 15,900 15,565 16,218 8,860 15,435 20,401 Note Regional aggregates for ODA include data for economies not speciried elsewhere Thus sum of countries may not add upito the regional totals 286 Aid Flows 12-2. Net ODA from DAC donors, nominal Millions of US. dollars (current prices) Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MRfl SUB-SAHARAN- AFRCA 4,547 11,837 10,838 11,339 10,707 10,052 9,277 9,133 8,380 8,592 8,244 3,632 8,377 10,307 excluding South Afrira 4,547 33,837 10,634 11,125 10,389 9,740 8,862 8,712 7,994 8,238 7,931 3,632 8,177 9,864 excl S.Africa &Nigeria 4,530 11,699 10,563 11,078 30,316 9,693 8.830 8,678 7,941 8,154 7,824' 3,605 8,074 9,776 Angola 36 194 351 224 242 294 227 214 252 189 179 30 94 208 Bemin 36 171 148 142 177 165 148 144 139 191 144 36 88 153 Botswana 83 93 80 57 54 68 56 73 4 1 24 24 63 102 66 Burkina Faso 351 268 255 265 252 269 218 227 232 228 223 312 182 245 Burndih 60 149 326 308 308 68 38 44 52 4 1 55 50 85 89 Cameroon 173 579 528 397 346 280 330 303 254 233 275 330 205 352 Cape Verde 39 80 83 82 77 77 68 85 89 70 49 28 63 76 Central African Republic 75 107 117 94 122 121 61 57 59 53 48 52 92 86 Chad 20 348 346 304 127 322 96 75 64 53 73 44 319 133 Comoros 13 23 29 38 22 22 3 5 39 13 331 10 I33 28 20 Congo, Democratic Rep of 317 363 99 97 138 306 305 80 87 303 143 223 336 173 Congo, Republic of 55 302 336 253 105 395 260 60 323 23 30 49 88 149 C6te dlvoire 152 527 708 820 727 449 233 490 366 250 159 305 393 474 Djibouti 32 92 94 94 80 71 62 62 55 42 28 35 63 71 Equatonal Guinea 3 36 28 17 22 23 38 3 8 35 38 13 4 22 24 Entrea 48 96 95 128 81 98 80 332 153 99 Ethiopia 91 457 417 567 526 448 374 365 325 379 367 86 413 433 Gabon 49 65 97 361 336 113 30 37 34 -32 -8 42 80 77 Gambia, The 17 50 50 38 25 3 7 17 33 13 3 5 13 36 50 30 Ghana 307 333 332 332 359 349 292 375 356 385 396 75 387 350 Guinea 33 233 385 386 220 135 326 348 I13 93 320 20 326 356 Gumea-Bissau 34 57 56 124 77 325 59 65 32 42 30 29 46 67 Kenya 277 520 426 403 459 346 303 276 254 293 270 244 477 407 Lesotho 64 69 74 45 62 49 45 33 26 22 29 44 63 51 Liberia 60 26 25 35 31 132 31 33 45 24 36 53 54 40 Madagascar 93 236 228 390 195 230 549 334 392 339 338 77 369 246 Malawi 76 208 159 253 223 264 174 204 228 269 396 63 334 236 Mali 1333 239 223 243 285 298 257 236 237 300 209 304 248 260 Mauritania 54 336 396 328 326 99 97 64 89 82 83 45 336 108 Maurntius 25 35 27 8 33 -3 3 20 5 12 8 23 43 22 Mozamnbique 335 3,007 833 733 698 552 622 713 593 624 720 304 476 736 Namnibia 98 323 133 348 336 323 129 137 97 77 0 36 308 Niger 305 262 254 263 394 363 383 145 320 306 114 97 209 193 Nigeria 17 338 73 47 73 47 52 34 53 84 308 27 303 88 Rwanda 97 387 203 487 339 252 179 209 383 175 149 83 327 233 Sao Tomd and Pnuscipe 3 26 28 26 62 29 21 38 19 18 22 2 9 27 Senegal 382 454 364 475 399 392 292 289 416 288 224 157 355 384 Seychelles 38 35 7 7 13 8 6 17 5 3 8 34 37 33 Sierra Leone 57 74 306 54 60 67 41 53 60 316 367 28 50 75 Somalha 139 497 688 438 319 40 46 42 76 56 88 93 299 206 Souths Africa 383 234 319 332 415 423 386 354 333 324 Sudan 272 388 364 374 1333 318 86 150 359 90 308 233 499 180 Swaziland 33 27 33 27 38 23 36 17 35 3 4 22 21 22 Tanzanma 524 836 650 570 587 605 569 769 633 779 944 383 637 709 Togo 52 135 77 63 338 97 76 66 47 52 28 46 93 87 Uganda 42 255 348 344 423 370 439 384 357 578 386 33 332 368 Zambia 234 699 533 434 439 354 367 257 340 486 274 356 326 429 Zimbabwe 332 536 330 280 348 283 222 236 239 193 149 86 226 284 NORTH AFRICA 1,66 4,433 2,643 3,084 2,406 2,643 3,989 1,967 3,789 1,630 3,659 3,437 2,205 2,816 Algeria 338 376 265 373 290 263 193 122 37 27 25 336 123 209 Egypt, Arab Republic 3,387 2,996 3.824 2,331 3.690 3,933 3,497 1,472 3,298 3,339 3,090 959 3,533 2,048 Libya 10 3 2 2 3 2 2 4 3 4 5 3 Morocco 388 734 422 338 347 393 215 251 333 293 342 389 354 404 Tunisia 358 298 127 73 52 42 70 302 302 350 384 360 378 340 ALL AFRICA 6,230 36,247 133463 14,424 33,313 32,695 11,266 31,100 30,368 30,21 9,903 5,069 30,382 12,923 Note Regional aggregates for ODA include data for economies not specified elsewhere Thus sum of countries may not add opts the regional totals Aid Flows 287 12-3. Net ODA from non-DAC bilateral donors, nominal Millions of US dollars (current prices) Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75.84 85-89 90-MIR SUfl-SAH-ARAN AFRICA 684 73 80 46 45 73 116 80 125 165 115 560 321 12 9 excluding South Africa 684 73 80 46 42 67 116 79 123 163 113 560 321 128 excl SAftica&kNigeria 684 70 69 46 43 68 H16 80 120 163 115 560 321 126 Angola I I 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 -1 0 I Benin 2 0 0 4 7 6 0 -1 -2 -1 I I 2 1 Botswana 0 -2 7 I 0 -2 -3 -3 -1 -i 1 2 0 0 Burkina Faso 0 2 1 1 8 6 3 6 9 4 14 2 5 6 Burundi 4 -I1 -2 -3 -3 -1I 0 - I 0 0 0 4 7 I1 Cameroon 23 0 1 0 2 -2 -2 -2 -3 -3 -3 7 0 -I Cape Verde 2 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Central African Republic 2 3 3 2 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 2 Chad 0 0 3 1 I 3 5 5 7 1 0 3 0 2 Comoros 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 I 0 Congo, Democratic Rep of 5 2 0 0 0 3 9 2 0 0 0 3 0 8 Congo, Republicof IS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 C8tc d'lvoirc 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 2 I 0 0 0 Djibouti 33 -1 I I 1 2 3 5 5 2 1 10 0 17 14 ii1 Equatonial Guinea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -l 0 0 0 Entrea 1 12 5 3 17 32 19 9 3 II1 Ethiopia 0 1 1 0 1 I 7 13 15 15 28 II1 3 13 Gabon 0 0 0 0 -1 -2 -3 -1 0 0 0 3 3 0 Gambia, The 7 -2 -2 -2 -l -2 -2 1 1 2 2 5 -l 0 Ghana 25 -2 2 -4 -6 -1 1 3 3 4 2 3 7 I 2 Guinea 0 -2 -4 -2 6 20 34 24 1 8 3 -I I I 10 8 Guinea-Bissau I 6 4 3 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 3 5 2 Kenya 0 -3 -3 -3 5 3 2 1 3 5 5 4 7 2 Lesotho 0 3 3 1 0 4 7 -1 -l -I -l I 0 I Libena 9 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 I Madagascar 48 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -I -l 12 -2 0 Malawi 0 6 3 4 3 0 -1 1 5 6 11I 0 I 5 Mali 33 4 -4 -II -14 -8 -6 -5 0 -1 1 3 1 7 16 -l Mauritania 86 -7 -6 -10 -16 -II -13 -7 5 0 - 1 83 26 -3 Mauntius 0 -I 0 -1 -1 -1 10 -l 0 1 7 1 2 Mozambique 20 3 4 3 2 3 -l -2 -2 0 4 3 5 Namibia I 0 I 0 0 1 1 1 1 I 0 0 Niger 2 0 2 5 1 1 10 1 I 0 1 1 7 5 3 Nigerna 0 3 1 1 0 0 -l 0 -l 3 0 -1 0 0 2 Rwanda 1 0 2 3 0 I 1 0 0 0 0 2 5 2 S8o Tomneand Prncipe 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Senegal 2 17 14 2 13 II1 9 1 4 -5 -1 1 9 27 7 Seychelles 0 0 I 0 0 3 5 1 2 7 0 0 1 Sierra Leone 4 0 0 0 I 4 1 3 0 0 2 2 4 1 Somalia 128 11 14 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 14 81 7 IC South Africa 0 I 3 6 0 1 2 2 1 2 Sudan 158 20 3 3 4 I 0 1 26 99 10 183 148 16 Swaziland 0 4 3 2 3 3 2 4 0 0 3 0 1 2 Tanzania 27 -2 0 6 5 -2 3 3 I -3 -5 12 3 0 Togo 0 -2 0 0 0 -2 -I 1 3 1 4 1 3 0 Uganda I IS 1 13 12 9 3 0 1 6 2 6 7 13 Zamnbia 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 1 II 0 0 Zimbabwe 5 '-3 -l -3 -3 -3 -3 -1 0 -l -4 6 -2 -1 NORTH AFRICA 745 456 3 90 Ill 102 49 124 23 123 123 151 798 176 458 Algenia 49 4 1 2 -12 7 12 19 31 71 54 10 28 17 Egypt, Arab Republic 2 409 380 95 117 54 100 214 73 54 61 453 14 354 Libya 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Morocco 645 53 18 29 20 26 32 30 29 -4 34 300 HII 91 Tunisia 49 -10 -9 -15 -22 -38 -20 -31 -II I 1 35 23 -4 ALL AFRICA 1.429 529 469 158 147 122 240 312 248 288 265 1,358 497 58-8 Note Regional aggregaies for ODA include daia for economres noi specified elsewhere Thus sum ofwcuniries may noti add up to dhe regional toials 288 A id Flows 12-4. Net ODA from multilateral donors, nominal Millions of US dollars (current prices) Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 200) 75-84 8S-89 90-MR SUB-SAHlARAN AFRICA 2,430 7,603 6,695 8,052 8,325 6,394 5.564 5,293 4,720 4,629 5,496 1,915 4,317 6,276 excluding Southi Africa 2,430 7,03 6,603 1.972 8,058 6,347 5,483 5,199 4,566 4,497 5,3$2 3,915 4,337 6,204 exci. SAfrica & Nigena 2,412 7,482 6,395 7,829 7.918 6,204 5,335 5,029 4,470 4,396 5,304 1,898 4,294 6,078 Angola 16 152 137 226 376 179 128 121 136 332 90 20 42 140 Benmn 53 98 140 III 96 318 73 63 93 49 127 34 68 102 Botswana 23 231 43 28 35 8 69 36 231 8 4 1 7 3 1 27 BurkinaFaso 61 164 212 168 231 144 147 367 157 104 154 52 77 156 Burundi 54 163 94 207 182 44 3 8 23 22 52 76 42 95 94 Cameroon 71 137 16 334 97 134 171 198 183 169 126 51 56 351 Cape Verde 23 39 36 40 40 36 43 45 48 25 28 33 27 36 Central African Republic 34 70 54 72 43 45 30 63 59 22 28 27 68 59 Chad 1 91 76 109 109 171 126 88 116 77 106 33 95 110 Comoros 13 25 20 21 20 17 12 16 8 8 16 12 20 1 8 Congo ,Democratic Rep of 106 105 79 148 78 57 44 43 45 83 107 93 201 92 Congo' Republic of 22 12 7 109 20 35 10 6 20 10 45 23 1 3 26 C6te dIvonre 58 229 55 773 486 515 213 477 81 103 28 31 80 276 Djibouti 9 22 29 23 22 21 19 17 19 20 27 9 19 21 Equatonal Guinea 8 26 25 13 12 8 6 4 6 3 1 4 1 7 32 Entrea 18 49 49 29 26 38 50 55 126 49 Ethiopia 120 720 671 504 357 369 198 282 303 298 685 III 322 455 Gabon 7 4 4 20 9 1 5 1 1 9 13 23 3 7 5 9 131 Gamnbia, The 3 1 62 37 34 23 22 23 25 19 32 35 17 39 33 Ghana 59 284 309 220 298 303 189 325 250 222 253 55 264 281 Guinea 57 217 228 174 191 143 222 187 109 58 153 36 90 370 Gwnea-Bissau 24 45 34 48 39 52 66 3 1 20 39 28 3 8 431 42 Kenya 120 370 487 280 270 248 145 138 53 214 177 7 1 383 261 Lesotho 31 73 68 70 52 51 40 30 7 16 26 27 44 45 Liberia 29 93 97 28 91 58 44 41 49 44 21 2 1 24 61 Madagascar 91 147 135 99 106 127 284 148 166 385 217 59 128 161 Malawi 68 365 336 236 211 228 171 230 214 171 195 52 144 245 Mali 103 389 146 209 270 201 178 317 117 61 128 73 134 362 Mauritania 36 91 135 150 120 185 154 308 125 129 182 49 72 133 Mauritius 8 1 1 -1 7 14 22 30 23 37 7 6 32 7 1 5 Mozambique 34 454 363 464 364 333 328 330 233 254 210 34 145 32 2- Namuibia 4 5 3 1 2 5 44 531 4 2 5 1 60 5 5 3 0 8 5 0 Niger 64 103 8 8 I11 80 9 1 141 146 66 105 134 50 118 109 Nigenia 1 8 121 208 143 140 143 149 170 96 100 79 3 7 23 126 Rwanda 5 7 164 352 226 363 213 50 141 192 346 141 46 90 368 Sao Tome and Prncipe 3 3 0 1 8 24 23 1 9 1 2 1 0 8 1 7 3 6 5 1 3 1 9 Senegal 79 200 122 364 254 377 122 211 135 140 196 7 8 387 176 Seychelles 3 4 32 6 2 8 6 6 6 8 5 2 5 6 Sierra Leone 30 59 302 222 146 113 76 51 13 67 165 21 33 89 Somalia 366 146 191 99 70 49 34 38 39 47 46 109 157 81 South Africa 92 80 67 46 81 92 153 332 134 95 Sudan 192 333 287 235 108 103 52 59 58 36 54 147 289 384 Swaziland 17 26 19 28 18 10 30 14 14 10 22 12 12 18 Tanzania 128 525 300 389 286 274 373 228 376 246 295 138 177 328 Togo 39 89 19 62 74 62 51 61 21 16 15 34 65 54 Uganda 70 455 261 394 400 297 371 263 232 236 394 49 386 335 Zambia 62 336 361 284 1,594 255 243 93 283 309 98 37 85 352 Zimbabwe 47 259 189 283 147 93 116 46 26 -14 14 28 34 302 NORTH AFRICA 311 498 696 705 462 648 808 857 762 436 540 459 206 613 Algeria 17 26 82 44 34 35 45 253 23 64 104 15 26 63 Egypt, Arab Republic 396 198 192 285 208 212 389 268 211 136 104 363 93 220 Libya 7 4 2 2 3 6 5 3 4 6 4 6 Morocco 66 360 273 285 128 233 217 249 316 330 340 48 30 398 Tunisia 25 102 109 49 41 323 144 78 161 72 393 28 53 303 ALL. AFRICA 2,743 8,100 7,391 8,757 8,587 7,042 6,372 6,149 5,482 5,044 6,037 2,374 4,523 6,_887 Note Regional aggregates for ODA include dais for economies not specified elseshere Thus sum of couniries may not add up to the regional toials A id Flows 289 12-5. Net ODA from all donors, real Average annual Millions of US dollars (constant 2000 prices) percentage growth 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAH-ARAN AFRICA 12,047 17.902 16,869 18,038 15,808 13,977 13,770 13,564 12,394 13,397 14,206 7,4 2.1 -3.2 excluding South Africa 12,047 17,902 16,593 17,730 15,462 13,658 13.308 13,085 11,892 12,909 13,771 7.4 2 1 -3.6 excl S.Afriea &Nigeria 11,993 17,649 16,314 17,551 15,281 13,490 13,117 12,891 11,747 12,725 13,582 7 7 3 8 -3.5 Angola 78 297 280 425 355 393 322 312 363 307 273 40 5 1 5 2 7 Benin 140 249 269 231 224 244 202 191 196 239 278 2 8 11 2 -1 9 Botswana 164 102 128 82 78 66 110 104 57 331 331 54 0 8 -11 5 Burkina Faso 320 386 432 386 393 338 329 360 366 336 398 4 1 -2 3 0 3 Burundi 179 283 204 285 242 92 5 1 62 71 93 132 10 4 -2 3 -13 6 Cameroon 393 611 482 643 340 326 441 456 401 380 410 1 9 6 7 -2 4 Cape Verde 99 107 131 110 94 95 100 117 125 94 78 13 9 -5 2 -0 8 Central African Republic 156 163 158 350 135 140 83 108 108 75 79 6 9 0 3 -8 7 Chad 55 218 209 189 188 241 204 350 174 1333 182 -42 4 1 -5 1 Comoros 67 43 45 35 34 3 1 24 32 19 19 28 4 2 -9 2 -7 8 Congo, Democratic Rep of 649 250 168 223 153 133 142 114 122 184 255 3 0 78& -12 2 Congo,Republic of 132 97 108 315 96 335 227 58 127 33 77 3 3 -9 9 -5 5 C5te dIlvoire 294 656 675 1,414 966 805 406 902 432 352 188 -0 1 18 6 -5 6 Djibouti 112 96 325 114 85 80 77 75 69 7 1 57 6 8 -14 2 -5 9 Equatonal Guinea IS5 53 49 27 27 24 22 20 18 2 1 13 17 3 20 5 -12 2 Entrea 67 348 124 134 116 161 139 376 285 3119 Ethiopia 336 1,076 1,073 1,001 762 705 539 614 609 693 1,112 5 4 3 8 -3 2 Gabon 75 58 89 152 310 96 34 38 42 12 9 2 7 1 0 -18 2 Gamibia, The 90 106 84 65 4 1 33 37 36 32 49 53 1339 3 4 -9 9 Ghana 332 590 612 517 556 573 471 700 585 609 667 6 5 38 0 -3 7 Guinea 46 10 387 329 342 254 353 343 221 153 280 16 3 32 9 -6 Guinea-Bissau 87 98 91 161 96 353 115 91 48 80 59 16 8 5 8 -5 6 Kenya 639 845 890 632 620 519 420 396 297 512 466 9 9 1031 -9 9 Lesotho 151 137 141 108 98 89 85 57 29 37 55 11 0 -3 1 -11 8 Liberia 179 136 322 62 107 142 7 l 67 92 68 37 37 5 -39 6 -6 1 Madagascar 377 325 341 260 246 303 743 442 336 322 364 8 4 4 9 -0 1 Malawi 241 553 487 450 385 450 326 418 421 446 412 5 8 13 8 -2 8 Mali 422 395 344 402 444 407 393 322 332 360 358 4 7 -46 -2 8 Mauntanma 284 175 301 238 185 224 217 151 203 212 270 0 0 -6 9 -1 3 Mauntius 49 39 23 32 20 1 7 39 37 38 20 22 0 6 4l1 -7 7 Mozambique 258 1,304 1,137 3124N 899 759 880 965 752 877 952 41 6 17 6 -1 8 Namibia 127 148 127 153 154 149 162 162 153 III 42 5 3 0 Niger 260 330 338 334 224 205 301 266 372 211 255 -0 8 0 9 -5 0 Nigena 55 253 278 179 183 168 191 194 145 185 189 -11 6 42 5 -631 Rwanda 236 315 336 698 617 393 206 326 351 322 296 5 8 -2 9 -0 2 Sao Tome and Pnneipc 6 52 45 46 69 39 30 26 25 35 38 14 9 16 3 -5 6 Senegal 398 611 466 566 537 488 381 455 490 423 430 7 0 5 7 -5 1 Seychclles 33 39 18 12 31 16 35 22 12 18 14 -0 8 -8 0 4 5 Sierra Leone 162 122 200 257 176 162 112 303 73 182 340 35 1 -0 2 4 7 Somalia 724 667 945 563 372 74 73 74 107 104 150 9 8 -6 4 -15 4 South Africa 276 288 347 318 462 479 502 488 434 7 9 Sudan 1,036 508 443 391 204 190 328 196 233 225 174 10 0 -8 3 -34 3 Swaziland 83 56 57 55 51 29 28 35 27 13 30 0 8 -5 8 -7 4 Tanzania 1,051 1,236 921 899 731 758 871 938 929 1,022 1,291 8 6 2 9 -0 4 Togo 139 198 88 112 153 132 117 120 66 70 48 4 7 1 8 -11 0 Uganda 185 671 604 714 714 588 757 612 557 819 802 19 6 12 3 3 4 Zambia 505 980 839 683 1,749 532 582 331 587 795 385 10 2 -1 2 -2 1 Zimnbabwe 264 756 480 528 419 316 334 248 238 178 365 63 2 -9 9 -7 1 NORTH AFRICA 4,628 5,127 3,653 3,592 2,502 2,846 2,649 2,837 2,491 2,168 2,393 -6 0 -8 6 -7 8 Algena 268 333 311 357 234 232 214 337 81 162 185 -631 -7 6 -4 3 Egypt, Arab Republic 2.535 3,651 2,446 2,540 1,779 1,970 1,849 1.879 1,518 3,328 1,259 -9 0 -9 3 -9 5 Libya 27 5 3 4 5 7 7 7 7 -931 4 5 -10 8 Morocco 1,452 807 652 563 383 509 400 467 606 439 536 7 6 -30 9 -5 3 Tunisia 341 319 203 87 47 85 162 130 224 223 394 -4 0 1 5 -3 5 ALL AFRICA 16,675 23,029 20,522 21,610 18,310 36,823 16,418 36,403 14,886 15,565 36,598 2.8 0 I 2-4 Note Regional aggregates for ODA include dama for economies nit speciried elsewhere Thas sum of countries may not add upto ihe regional totals 290 Aid Flows 12-6. Net ODA from DAC donors, real Average annual Millions of US dollars (constant 2000 prices) percentage growth 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 6,$16 10,714 10,306 10,522 8,927 8,462 8,532 8,542 7,880 8.592 8,421 8A4 4.4 -3.1 excluding South Aftica 6,816 10,714 10,114 10,305 8,635 8,186 8,141 8,143 7,516 8,238 8,103 8.4 4.4 -3.5 excl S.Aftica &Nigeria 6,791 10,575 10,042 10,260 8,575 8,145 8,092 8,115 7,466 8,154 7,994 8 8 3 8 -3A Angola 49 156 145 216 210 245 208 203 237 189 183 43 1 2 I 4 3 Beman 48 158 133 124 136 138 135 135 110 191 146 2 9 13 7 0 0 Botswana 126 85 80 55 49 60 54 75 40 24 25 3 7 6 7 -11 9 Burkina Faso 218 232 229 230 193 210 192 200 212 228 225 7 1 1 9 -0 7 Bunindi 82 134 116 96 90 55 34 40 50 4 1 55 11 7 -7 2 -10 6 Camneroon 235 493 466 336 260 214 281 269 230 213 283 5 1 3 8 -43 Cape Verde 56 71 76 73 60 62 61 76 80 70 49 28 2 -1 9 -1 4 Central African Republic 96 96 103 82 96 98 56 52 55 53 51 101I -0 8 -6 7 Chad 30 131 131 88 97 91 82 64 57 53 73 -2 9 4 5 -8 5 Comoros 17 20 26 15 17 16 13 17 12 1 I 10 1 3 2 8 -9 6 Congo, Democratic Rep of 463 149 89 83 88 83 92 71 79 103 145 2 3 4 9 -12 4 Congo, Republic of 71 86 101 213 79 305 218 52 108 23 30 4 0 -43 -8 6 C6te d'Ivoire 196 448 622 694 552 359 207 442 334 250 161 3 6 7 9 -5 7 Djibouti 43 77 85 82 63 57 55 58 50 42 29 0 6 -4 2 -6 6 Equatorial Gutnea 2 28 25 14 1 7 18 16 16 13 18 1 3 125 3 26 4 -8 4 Enitrea 48 90 79 106 76 94 74 112 152 8 7 Ethiopia 134 410 418 537 461 383 348 340 311 379 376 -0 2 1 2 -2 3 Gabon 64 55 85 135 104 86 26 32 3 1 -12 -8 4 4 2 7 -13 5 Gamnbia, The 26 49 50 36 22 15 16 13 13 IS5 14 14 2 2 4 -15 0 Ghana 170 323 309 316 309 313 281 385 344 385 402 2 8 19 3 0 2 Guinea 50 207 169 170 178 115 113 144 104 93 123 18 2 21 9 4 8 Gtwnea-Bissau 45 49 54 114 62 102 55 62 29 42 30 40 6 7 0 -5 5 Kenya 438 500 417 374 389 301 284 266 244 293 280 8 8 6 3 -9 0 Lesothso 99 65 73 44 55 43 42 3 1 24 22 30 12 2 -40 -10 8 Libena 115 25 26 36 29 90 30 30 45 24 IS5 23 5 -21 3 -5 3 Madagascar 143 188 211 168 157 195 479 307 181 139 141 13 2 3 6 -1 8 Malawi 127 200 156 245 208 252 167 203 218 269 200 -IS5 21 8 0 2 Mali 194 216 208 219 231 242 233 218 221 300 213 7 2 -5 7 -l 8 Maunitania 79 99 177 110 99 82 91 62 83 82 86 12 2 3 0 -5 0 Mauntiua 36 29 23 7 10 1 3 19 5 12 8 3 9 6 1 -18 5 Mozambique 167 871 781 690 591 467 575 657 557 624 732 44 7 18 4 -1 5 Naimibia 86 118 103 118 112 112 116 107 97 79 57 3 6 2 Niger 150 235 233 228 159 128 160 129 110 106 116 0 4 1 2 -7 9 Nigena 24 138 73 46 61 41 49 28 50 84 110 -16 9 64 8 -11 9 Rwanda 138 166 186 485 306 208 162 192 170 175 151 6 3 -3 3 -1 0 Sao Tomd and Prncipe 2 23 27 23 49 23 19 16 17 18 22 38 1 24 3 -40 Senegal 262 405 335 415 314 326 260 260 380 288 228 10 0 6 8 -6 2 Seychelles 27 IS 6 7 9 6 6 16 5 3 9 -2 6 -6 0 -10 9 Sierra Leone 105 66 101 51 53 60 40 51 58 116 168 17 4 11 6 3 8 Somalia 230 520 746 471 113 33 42 39 72 56 89 29 6 -1 I -16 3 South Africa 191 217 291 276 391 399 364 354 318 7 5 Sudan 427 173 160 169 110 102 80 140 154 90 108 23 7 -6 5 -12 2 Swaziland 54 28 37 27 35 19 17 19 14 3 5 -02 -14 0 -1F24 Tanzania 791 741 630 532 486 522 519 719 575 779 993 7 3 3 2 0 0 Togo 74 116 69 55 90 80 71 60 43 52 29 4 5 7 0 -10 2 Uganda 65 232 348 334 370 323 405 362 339 578 392 27 1 22 2 6 3 Zambia 364 664 493 416 382 309 353 244 322 486 284 7 7 2 9 -3 6 Zimnbabwe 177 510 298 270 300 243 208 207 214 193 154 57 3 -9 3 -5 7 NORTH AFRICA 2,853 4,222 2,613 2,854 2,043 2,283 1,818 -1,869 1,697 1,630 1,691 8 7 -7 7 -8 5 Algeria 158 305 232 316 217 198 163 103 32 27 25 -3 7 -15 2 -15 9 Egypt, Arab Republic 2,204 3,070 1,886 2,191 1,507 1,745 1,403 1,433 1,258 1,139 1,090 17 3 -9 3 -9 0 Libya 15 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 3 -11 1 -5 6 -7 2 Morocco 256 606 381 281 265 304 182 224 299 293 360 3 0 -1 5 -6 3 Tunisia 216 235 109 58 33 25 58 92 91 150 198 -2 3 -1 2 -5 7 ALL AFRICA 9,669 14,936 12,919 13,376 10,969 10,745 10,350 10,411 9,577 10,221 10,112 8 4 1 4 -43 Note Regional aggregates for ODA include data for economies not speciflied elsewhere Thas sum of countnes may not add up to ihe regional iotals Aid Flows 291 12-7. Net ODA from non-DAC bilateral donors, real Average annual Millions of US dollars (constant 2000 prices) percentage growth 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 895 78 88 5 1 45 73 122 89 140 180 121 2 0 -27.7 -2.8 excluding South Africa 895 78 88 50 42 67 122 89 138 178 120 2 0 -27 7 -2 9 excl S.Afnca & Nigena 895 75 76 50 43 68 122 89 135 178 122 2,0 -27 8 -2 6 Angola I 1 4 0 0 0 _0 0 0 7 - 1 17 6 -17 3 Benin 2 0 0 4 7 6 0 -2 -2 -l 2 1 9 -3 4 -5 I Botswana 0 -2 8 I 0 -2 -4 -3 -1 -1 I Burkina Faso 0 3 1 1 8 6 4 7 II1 4 IS5 8 9 -52 2 17 4 Burandi 5 -2 -2 -3 -3 -I 0 -1 0 0 0 28 0 -21 4 Caineroon 30 0 I 0 2 -2 -2 -2 -4 -3 -3 4 6 -72 8 Cape Verde 3 0 I 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 -3 2 -21 2 -181I Central African Republic 3 3 3 2 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 -17 0 106 7 -421 Chad 0 0 3 I I 3 5 5 8 1 0 -27 6 3 8 Comoros 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 9 -62 7 7 6 Congo, Deinocratic Rep Of 7 2 0 0 0 3 9 3 0 0 0 -63 9 -22 3 Congo,Republic of 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 1 4 Crtc d'lvoire 0 0 0 I 1 0 1 1 2 1 0 5 2 Djibouti 43 -1 12 1 3 3 5 5 2 1 10 0 -131 -47 8 -8 9 Equatorial Guinea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -l 43 8 -25 2 Entrea I 1 3 5 3 18 35 2 1 10 3 16 4 Ethiopia 0 1 2 1 1 1 8 1 5 17 1 6 30 6 8 19 4 Gabon 0 0 0 0 -I -2 -3 -2 0 0 0 -21 6 Gwmbia, The 9 -2 -2 -2 -1 -2 -2 1 1 3 3 -2 9 Ghana 33 -2 3 -4 -6 -1 14 3 4 3 3 113 9 3 1 Guinea 0 -2 -4 -2 6 20 36 27 20 3 -1 10 4 7 8 1 0 Guinea-Bissau 2 6 4 3 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 -6 7 4 6 -36 5 Kenya 0 -4 -4 -3 5 3 2 I 3 S 6 166 1 -47 8 -2 1 Lesotho 0 4 3 1 0 4 7 -1 -I - I -1 81 9 Libena 1 2 1 1 1 I 2 1 0 0 0 0 -69 9 64 9 -27 6 Madagascar 63 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -I -I 54 7 II1 Malawi 0 6 3 5 3 0 -1 1 5 7 II1 215 7 6 1 Mali 43 4 -s -12 -14 -8 -6 -6 0 -1 14 3 5 -33 1 Mauritania 113 -8 -6 -II -16 -11 -13 -8 6 0 -2 -5 9 -33 2 Mauritius 0 -l 0 -1 -l -1 I I -1 0 1 8 1 7 Mozambique 27 3 4 3 2 3 -1 -2 -2 0 4 51 0 -8 2 17 7 Namibia I 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 1 1 14 0 Niger 2 0 2 6 1 1 II1 1 I 0 1 16 3 -8 5 -14 0 Nigenia 0 4 12 0 0 -1 0 -l 3 0 -l 41 4 -7 9 Rwanda 2 0 3 4 0 I 1 0 0 0 0 -3 9 -9 3 -28 8 S3o Tomiiand Prncipe 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -IIII Senegal 3 I 8 16 2 1 3 1 1 10 1 5 -5 -1 18 1 -27 0 -10 6 Seychelles 0 0 1 0 0 3 5 I 2 7 0 -39 0 17 6 SieTra Leone 6 0 0 0 1 4 I 3 0 0 2 3 5 -23 6 13 4 Somalia 167 it 15 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 IS -12 3 -440 -15 6 South Africa 0 1 3 6 0 I 2 2 1 0 3 Sudan 207 22 3 3 4 1 0 I 30 109 10 0 7 -27 5 -3 9 Swaziland 0 4 3 2 3 3 2 5 0 0 3 -09 Tanzania 36 -2 0 7 5 -2 3 3 I -3 -6 45 4 -48 3 -1 2 Togo 0 -2 0 0 0 -2 -1 1 4 2 4 -7 2 2 2 42 3 Uganda 2 16 1 14 12 9 3 0 I 6 2 -19 5 205 0 -22 8 Zambia 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 1 19 3 4 4 Zimbabwe 7 -3 -l -3 -3 -3 -3 -1 0 -l -4 15 6 NORTH AFRICA 976 4883 430 121 102 49 130 260 139 134 160 -28 5 -23 8 -117 Algeria 64 5 I 3 -12 7 12 21 35 78 57 -47 3 222 2 22 8 Egypt, Arab Republic 3 438 419 103 117 54 105 239 83 59 65 -61 8 -23 2 Libya 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 6 Morocco 845 56 19 31 21) 26 33 34 33 -4 37 16 3 -38 7 -18 0 Tunisia 64 -II -10 -16 -22 -38 -21 -34 -12 1 1 -9 3 14 7 AILL AFRICA 1,871 566 5i8 172 147 122 252 349 280 315 281 -14.2 -27,6 -98- Note Regional aggregates for ODA include data for economies noi specified elsewhere Thus sum of countres mtay noti add upio ihe regional iotais 292 Aid Flows 12-8. Net ODA from multilateral donors, real Average annual Millions of U S dollars (constant 2000 prices) percentage growth 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85.89 90-MR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 4,076 7,117 6,484 7,453 6,844 5,451 5,127, 4,943 4,393 4,629 5,652 6 6 4,4 -3.4 extcluding South Afiica 4,076 7,117 6,400 7,382 6.791 5,414 5,057 4,863 4,257 4,497 5,537 6 6 4 4 -3,6 excl S,Afrca &Nigtnia 4,045 7,005 6,204 7,249 6,671 5,286 4,915 4,696 4,164 4,396 5,455 6.7 4 4 -3.7 Angola 27 140 131 209 145 148 115 109 126 112 91 42 2 -0 2 0 5 Benin 89 9 1 135 104 8 1 102 66 57 87 49 131 2 3 8 3 -5 1 Botswana 38 20 4 1 26 28 7 59 3 1 1 8 8 4 5 9 -6 7 -11 6 Burkina Faso 103 152 203 155 192 122 134 155 146 104 159 -0 2 -7 4 2 2 Burundi 90 151 91 192 155 38 17 23 21 52 77 8 2 5 2 -12 9 Camecroon 119 118 1 5 307 79 113 161 189 174 169 129 -4 7 21 1 3 7 Cape Verde 39 37 34 37 34 31 39 42 46 25 29 2 9 -10 0 0 4 Centiral African Republic 57 65 52 66 36 38 27 56 53 22 29 3 0 1 6 -II 0 Chad 25 87 75 100 91 147 117 82 110 77 109 -3 2 3 8 -2 2 Comoros 22 23 19 19 1 7 1 5 1 1 5 7 8 17 22 6 -18 2 -5 9 Congo, Democratic Rep of 177 100 78 139 65 48 41 41 43 81 110 4 6 12 3 -10 9 Congo,Republic of 36 1 1 7 103 16 30 9 6 19 10 47 -3 0 -23 2 2 2 Ct5ted'flvoire 98 208 53 720 414 446 199 460 77 101 27 -11 8 66 6 -6 2 Djibouti 14 20 29 21 19 18 17 15 1 7 20 28 35 7 -20 2 1 4 Equatonial Guinea 14 25 25 12 10 7 6 3 5 3 1 28 3 14 4 -20 3 Entrea 1 8 46 40 25 24 36 47 55 130 16 6 Ethiopia 202 666 653 463 301 322 184 260 284 298 708 8 6 3 2 -4 4 Gabon I11 4 3 17 8 1 2 10 8 12 23 17 3 5 -11I 10 0 Gambia,The 52 59 36 31 20 1 9 22 23 1 8 32 36 13 5 6 6 -6 3 Ghana 100 269 301 205 252 260 178 313 237 222 262 12 3 15 3 -41 Guinea 95 204 222 161 158 120 208 176 101 58 158 29 0 10 2 -5 2 Guinea-Bissau 40 43 33 44 32 44 60 29 18 39 29 19 0 5 0 -5 5 Kenya 201 349 477 262 227 215 134 129 50 214 181 11 3 26 8 -121 Lesotho 51 69 65 64 43 43 36 28 6 16 26 8 8 0 5 -13 1 Libena 48 90 95 25 77 51 40 37 46 44 22 7 4 -15 9 -5 3 Madagascar 153 137 130 92 89 108 263 135 155 185 224 2 9 3 4 IS5 Malawi 114 348 328 201 175 198 160 215 198 171 200 16 1 8 6 -5 4 Mali 173 175 140 193 225 172 165 109 III 61 132 1 4 1 0 -5 0 Mauritania 60 84 129 138 100 152 139 96 113 129 185 1 1 1 0 2 6 Maunitius 13 10 -1 7 11 18 26 20 33 7 7 -7 0 6 9 2 9 Mozambique 57 431 352 431 306 289 305 311 197 254 216 37 6 16 1 -2 7 Namnibia 40 30 23 36 42 37 45 54 55 31 25 3 -0 8 Niger 107 95 83 101 65 76 131 136 62 lOS 138 -6 0 1 7 -0 6 Nigena 31 III 196 133 120 127 143 167 93 100 81 -1 3 1 2 3 2 Rwanda 96 150 148 210 311 183 43 134 181 146 145 5 9 -1 6 1 2 Sao Tome and Prncipe 5 29 18 22 19 16 11 9 8 17 16 12 1 11 9 -7 6 Senegal 133 190 117 149 212 152 112 194 106 140 202 1 2 15 8 -2 6 Seychelles 6 4 11 5 2 6 5 5 6 8 5 25 0 -7 1 1 9 Sierra Leone 50 56 99 207 122 98 71 47 12 67 170 10 0 -8 7 5 3 Somalia 279 137 186 91 59 41 30 35 35 47 47 11 4 -11 4 -13 0 South Africa 85 71 53 37 70 80 136 132 115 101I Sudan 322 315 281 220 91 87 48 55 54 36 56 8 2 -2 8 -20 7 Swaziland 29 25 18 26 15 8 9 12 13 10 22 3 6 0 8 4 8 Tanzania 214 497 291 361 241 238 349 217 354 246 303 11 3 3 3 -1 7 Togo 65 83 19 58 62 54 48 59 20 16 15 5 1 -1 7 -13 4 Uganda 117 424 254 368 335 258 349 250 218 236 407 24 0 5 7 -2 2 Zamnbia 103 316 346 265 1,366 223 229 88 265 309 101 18 7 -14 3 2 2 Zimbabwe 79 249 183 260 122 76 109 42 24 -14 IS 128 4 -11 8 -7 9 NORTH AFRICA 522 462 656 634 371 520 713 741 676 416 545 -4 6 -47 3 1 Algeria 28 24 78 39 28 29 40 216 19 64 104 -11 6 11 2 7 5 Egypt, Arab Republic 329 184 185 259 171 177 351 237 190 136 105 -3 4 -12 2 -0 6 Libya 11 4 2 2 3 5 5 3 4 -43 14 6 -12 4 Morocco III 150 254 255 101 182 187 213 278 130 141 6 6 -35 5 3 Tunisia 43 94 103 43 33 94 124 67 142 72 195 4 6 6 1 4 2 ALL AFRICA 4,598 7,578 7,140 8,087 7,215 5,971 5,840 5,684 5,069 5,044 6,197 4,3 3.8 -2.9 Note Regional aggregates for ODA include data for economies not specified elsewhere Thuos sum, of countires may not add up to the regional totals Aid Flows 293 12-9. Net ODA from all donors as share of recipient GDP Percentage of GDP Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 -90-AIR SUJB-SAH-ARAN AFRICA 4 0 110 5 8 6.8 5 9 4.9 4.4 4 5 4.0 4 0 4 4 4 2 7.9 6 3 excluding South Africa 4 0 11 0 10 5 13,1 I]l 8.5 7.5 7 4 6.4 6 2 6i7 4 2 7,9 9,0 excl S.Africa &Nigena 6 6 13 4 12 0 15.5 13.3 10.4 9.1 88 7.7 7.7 8 4 6.1 9.2 10.8 Angola 6 0 5 5 111 8 3 6 3 4 6 5 2 6 4 3 5 2 8 1 8 5 4 Benin 6 4 16 6 13 7 17 1 14 0 13 1 10 2 8 8 8 8 l0 6 11 5 7 0 III1 12 8 Botswana 10 0 2 7 3 1 2 0 1 9 1 6 2 3 2 2 1 2 0 6 0 6 10 8 7 0 2 1 Burkina Faso 12 4 21 7 21 8 24 7 22 5 16 9 16 1 15 9 15 7 14 5 15 6 12 4 13 1 17 7 Burundi 12 8 28 7 23 1 33 7 28 8 12 3 5 9 7 7 10 4 13 7 19 0 11 9 16 6 19 1 Cameroon 3 9 6 3 4 6 9 3 5 6 4 5 5 5 5 7 4 6 4 3 4 6 3 6 2 4 5 3 Cape Verde 60 3 30 2 32 3 29 6 23 9 23 2 22 0 24 1 23 3 16 9 13 0 47 2 42 2 25 0 Central African Republic 13 9 12 5 13 3 19 7 15 0 15 9 9 1 11 5 11 2 7 9 7 9 1289 14 0 12 8 Chad 3 4 12 7 15 4 18 1 16 4 18 4 15 1 9 9 12 0 9 3 11 2 8 6 17 2 14 2 Comoros 35 1 17 1 17 6 20 9 18 0 17 1 12 9 16 3 9 6 9 2 12 5 36 9 29 0 16 1 Congo,Democratic Rep of 3 0 3 3 2 0 4 2 3 5 2 7 4 8 2 0 II 1 2 2 6 6 5 3 6 Congo, Republicof 5 4 3 9 6 4 20 5 5 9 16 9 11 6 3 4 6 0 1 0 2 7 6 4 4 6 7 6 Cte d'lvoire 2!1 6 8 7 3 20 8 12 1 7 9 3 8 7 6 3 6 3 3 1 8 1 9 289 7 3 Djibouti 24 0 28 5 26 4 21 1 19 6 17 0 15 7 14 0 12 9 23 5 22 7 Equatonal Guinea 40 1 34 8 23 7 20 5 11 9 4 9 4 8 2 3 1 6 0 7 II1 35 1 19 9 Entrea 18 0 33 5 28 7 25 8 19 0 23 4 21 2 28 1 40 7 265 Ethiopia 21 2 17 4 21 9 15 3 13 6 9 1 101I 10 0 10 9 17 3 5 I 10 0 15 2 Gabon 1 3 1 2 2 3 4 3 2 9 2 2 0 7 1 0 1I 0 2 0 2 1 6 2 5 1 8 Gambia, The 22 6 31 8 23 2 19 2 12 2 9 5 9 5 9 3 7 8 11 6 12 4 19 6 38 4 17 5 Ghana 4 3 9 6 10 5 101I 10 1 9 4 7 2 9 4 7 9 12 2 12 3 3 6 8 7 101I Guinea 137 12 5 lOS5 11 3 7 7 101I 10 0 6 9 5 0 9 1 11 7 10 0 Guinea-Bissau 53 7 47 5 39 9 74 2 46 7 66 8 46 3 46 6 23 4 37 3 29 4 37 3 55 4 46 3 Kenya 5 5 III1 18 3 9 5 8 1 6 4 4 2 3 6 2 9 4 9 4 0 5 5 8 6 8 2 Lesotho 21 9 17 6 17 6 13 9 12 2 11 0 9 0 6 9 3 4 4 1 6 8 22 5 26 3 12 0 Libena 8 8 7 4 6 9 Madagascar 5 7 12 0 10 8 9 7 9 5 8 9 23 5 12 9 9 6 8 3 7 7 4 6 11 0 11 9 Malawi 11 6 32 1 24 0 39 8 30 4 20 2 13 6 25 0 24 7 26 1 23 0 III1 20 9 25 9 Mali 15 0 15 2 13 6 25 0 22 0 18 8 17 3 13 4 13 8 15 7 15 1 15 0 22 8 17 4 Mauritania 24 8 16 8 34 4 26 0 21 6 24 4 21 7 16 4 22 8 21 7 25 4 27 8 25 1 22 8 Mauntius 2 9 1 5 0 8 0 4 0 6 0 5 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 5 0 5 3 7 3 2 1 2 Mozambique 4 8 78 9 59 5 55 1 46!1 31 3 27 9 26 9 20 2 23 0 25 9 5 8 24 5 39 9 Nanmibia 5 0 5 4 4 2 5 5 5 4 4 6 5 3 5 3 4 5 3 5 0 0 1 2 5 0 Niger 6 8 15 6 21 4 24 1 14 6 12 8 18 0 14 0 9 3 11 7 12 7 9 9 16 9 15 5 Nigena 0 1 0 8 1 4 0 8 0 8 0 5 0 6 0 6 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 1 0 5 0 7 Rwanda 13 4 17 2 18 1 95 0 54 3 33 8 12 4 17 6 19 3 17 8 17 1 12 5 10 5 27 7 S8o Tom& and Pnncipe 8 4 124 0 98 0 101 0 185 2 105 7 76 0 68 8 58 7 75 2 80 8 15 9 44 6 96 6 Sencgal 8 8 11 1 9 2 17 6 14 9 12 5 9 6 10 8 11 3 9 7 9 1 lOS5 13 7 11 8 Seychelles 14 7 4 4 4 2 2 7 2 6 3 5 2 9 4 0 2 1 3 1 2 4 13 1 10 1 4 0 Sierra Leone 8 3 19 6 27 0 27 7 22 2 19 6 14 0 15 8 11 0 28 7 44 5 5 0 11 2 21 1 Somalia 71 8 42 1 46 8 53 8 South Africa 0 2 0 2 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 3 Sudan 8 2 8 5 5 8 5 0 3 4 2 7 1 3 1 8 2 4 2 0 1 4 6 6 6 1 4 0 Swaziland 9 2 5 6 SI 4 3 2 5 2 0 26 2 1 09 2 3 79 63 3 7 Tanzania 29 1 22 3 21 4 16 7 13 5 12 3 11 9 11 5 11 3 13 2 11 4 18 9 17 7 Togo 8 0 13 1 7 8 12 8 14 7 10 7 8 3 9 1 5 0 5 7 3 7 IQO 14 0 10 0 Uganda 9 1 25 4 18 9 18 8 14 5 11 2 13 0 9 9 9 9 13 9 13 8 4 0 5 9 15 4 Zambia 8 2 32 5 26 6 21 5 58 6 18 6 15 6 10 8 19 9 24 6 10 3 6 3 16 5 23 3 Zimbabwe 2 5 11 7 7 6 8 1 6 9 4 3 4 0 4 6 4 5 2 5 1 8 1 6 3 8 5 4 NORTH AFRICA 2 1 4.0 2 7 2 8 1 9 2 0 1 7 1.6 1 4 1.1 I I 3 1 1 7 2T6 Algena 0 4 0 8 0 7 1 0 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 8 0 2 0 3 0 3 OS 0 3 0 6 Egypt,.Arab Republic 6 0 8 6 5 1 5 2 3 3 3 3 2 6 2 4 1 8 1 3 1 3 10 3 4 4 5 1 Libya 0 0 0 0 0 0 Morocco 4 8 3 3 2 7 2 1 1 5 1 8 1 4 IS 1 9 1 3 1 5 3 8 2 9 2 3 Tunisia 2 7 2 5 1 6 0 7 0 4 0 6 1 0 0 8 1 2 1 1 1 9 3 5 2 6 1 5 ALL AFRICA 3.2 7 9 48 5.4 4 6 39 3.4 3 4 3.0 2 9 3 0 3,6 5.0 49 Notc Regionial aggregates for ODA include data for economries riot specified elsehere 294 A id Flows 12-10. Net ODA from DAC donors as share of recipient GDP Percentage of GDP Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHIARAN AFRICA 2.4 6.6 3 5 3.9 3 4 3.0 2.7 2 8 2.5 2 6 2 6 2 4 3.0 3 8 excludng South Africa 2.4 6.6 6 4 7 5 6 3 5.1 4.6 4 6 4 0 4 0 3 9 2.4 5.0 5.5 excl SAfnca&Nigena 3.8 81 74 9.0 75 63 5.6 55 49 49 49 35 5.8 66 Angola 34 29 55 48 39 30 33 41 21 19 12 32 Benin 25 10 5 70 95 88 i5 69 62 50 84 61 36 61 76 Botswana 79 23 19 13 1 1 14 1 1 15 08 04 05 83 52 1 5 Burkcina Faso 8 8 13 4 11 9 15 1 11 6 10 9 9 5 9 0 9 2 9 9 8 9 8 3 8 9 10 6 Bunindi 6 5 13 7 13 4 11 7 10 8 7 5 4 0 SI 7 3 6 0 7 9 6 3 7 5 9 3 Camneroon 2 5 5 1 4 4 5I 4 3 3 1 3 6 3 5 2 7 2 4 3 2 2 5 1 9 3 6 Cape Verde 36 5 20 3 22 4 19 8 15 7 15 4 13 4 15 8 15 1 12 5 8 3 30 6 28 0 17 0 Central African Republic 9 4 7 4 9 0 11 0 10 9 11 3 6 1 5 4 5 6 5 6 5 0 8 2 8 0 7 6 Chad 2 0 7 9 10 0 8 8 8 8 7 6 6 4 4 4 4 1 3 8 4 5 4 7 9 6 7 0 Comoros 10 9 8 2 10 4 9 6 9 4 9 5 7 2 8 6 5 9 5 3 4 3 14 0 15 6 8 5 Congo, Democratic Rep of 2 2 2 0 1 1 1 7 2 1 1 8 3 2 1 3 0 7 0 7 1 8 4 1 2 3 Congo, Republic of 3 2 3 5 6 1 14 3 5 0 15 5 11 2 3 1 5 2 0 7 1 1 3 8 4 0 6 4 C6tedIlvoire IS5 4 7 6 8 10 7 7 3 3 7 2 0 3 8 2 9 2 4 1 5 IS 2 0 4 6 Djibouti 19 6 19 9 19 3 16 0 14 3 12 4 12 1 10 3 7 6 15 8 15 5 Equiatonal Guinea 23 3 18 2 13 1 13 2 9 0 3 6 4 0 1 7 1 4 0 7 19 7 12 3 Entrea 13 0 20 4 18 2 20 6 12 5 13 7 11 4 17 9 22 0 16 6 Ethiopia 8 2 6 7 11 6 9 1 7 5 5 9 5 6 5 0 6 0 5 9 1 9 5 6 7 3 Gabon I I 1 2 2 2 3 8 2 7 2 0 0 6 0 8 0 8 -0 2 -0 2 1 3 2 2 1 5 Gainbia, The 6 8 14 5 13 6 10 5 6 6 4 4 4 2 3 2 3 1 3 5 3 3 8 7 21 8 8 5 Ghana 2 4 5 2 5 2 6 1 5 6 5 0 4 2 5 0 4 6 7 7 7 5 2 0 3 6 5 6 Guinea 7 1 5 6 5 4 6 0 3 5 3 3 4 1 3 2 3 0 4 0 6 3 4 7 Guinea-Bissau 31 1 25 1 23 8 52 4 30 3 46 1 21 8 31 5 14 3 19 3 15 3 21 9 27 6 27 9 Kenya 3 8 6 5 8 6 5 6 5 1 3 7 2 8 2 4 2 4 2 8 2 4 4 3 6 2 4 9 Lesotho 14 8 8 4 9 0 5 4 6 6 5 2 4 4 3 7 2 8 2 4 3 7 13 7 15 5 6 3 Liberia 5 4 5 1 4 8 Madagascar 2 2 7 1 6 8 6 4 6 2 5 8 15 5 8 9 5 2 3 6 3 0 2 4 6 3 7 3 Malawi 6 1 11 6 7 7 21 2 15 5 10 9 6 9 11 7 12 6 15 8 11 2 6 3 10 2 12 2 Mali 7 3 8 4 8 3 13 8 11 6 11 4 10 4 9 1 9 2 13 0 9 0 8 0 14 2 10 7 Maunitania 7 6 9 8 20 8 12 5 11 8 8 9 8 8 6 3 9 3 8 4 7 9 6 7 13 4 10 4 Mauntius 2 2 1 2 0 8 0 2 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 5 0 1 0 3 0 2 2 4 2 7 0 7 Mozamnbique 3 3 54 3 41 0 33 7 30 2 19 4 18 3 l8 4 14 9 16 4 20 0 4 3 18 7 27 4 Namibia 3 4 4 3 3 5 4 2 3 9 3 4 3 8 3 5 2 8 2 5 0 0 0 8 3 4 Niger 4 2 11 2 15 8 16 7 10 3 8 2 9 8 7 0 6 0 5 9 5 8 5 9 10 7 9 9 Nigeria 0 0 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 3 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 3 0 1 0 4 0 3 Rwanda 8 3 9 2 10 2 64 7 26 2 18 2 9 7 lOS 9 3 9 7 8 7 7 9 6 0 16 3 Sao Tomd and Prncipe 2 6 57 3 59 5 53 2 135 2 64 3 48 2 44 4 40 7 38 1 46 7 4 6 18 1 57 0 Senegal 6 1 7 5 6 7 13 0 8 9 8 4 6 7 6 2 8 8 6 6 4 8 6 5 8 6 8 0 Seychelles 12 4 3 6 1 4 IS 2 2 1 4 1 1 2 9 0 8 0 5 1 4 11 1 7 2 2 5 Sierra Leone 5 2 10 9 13 7 5 4 6 4 7 1 4 9 7 9 8 9 18 2 22 3 2 6 6 6 10 0 Somalia 23 1 13 4 30 1 29 4 South Afnca 0 l 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 2 Sudan 3 6 2 9 2 1 2 1 1 8 1 4 0 8 1 3 1 5 0 8 0 9 2 5 3 3 1 8 Swaziland 6 0 2 7 3 1 2 4 2 8 1 6 I1 1 2 1 1 0 2 0 3 5 2 4 1 2 0 Tanzania 17 7 15 3 12 6 11 2 9 3 7 4 9 2 7 1 8 6 10 1 8 1 14 6 12 0 Togo 4 6 8 0 6 3 6 5 9 0 6 6 5 0 4 7 3 3 4 3 2 3 5 7 8 0 6 1 Uganda 3 4 8 9 10 8 8 6 7 4 6 1 7 0 5 9 6 0 9 8 6 8 1 6 2 1 7 6 Zambia 6 0 22 0 15 6 13 0 12 7 10 8 9 4 7 9 10 9 15 0 7 5 4 8 12 9 12 9 Zimbabwe 1 7 7 9 4 7 4 1 4 9 3 3 2 6 3 8 4 0 2 7 1 6 1 2 3 3 3 9 NORTH AFRICA 1 3 3.3 1.9 2 2 1 6 1.5 1 1 II 0 9 0.8 0.8 1 4 i5 1 9 Algenia 0 3 0 8 0 5 0 9 0 7 0 6 0 4 0 3 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 4 0 2 0 4 Egypt, Arab Republic 5 2 7 2 3 9 4 5 2 8 2 9 2 0 1 8 1 5 1 2 1 1 4 6 4 1 3 9 Libya 0 0 0 0 0 0 Morocco Io0 2 6 1 6 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 6 0 7 0 9 0 9 1 0 1 4 1 9 1 3 Tunisia 1 8 1 9 0 9 0 5 0.3 0 2 0 4 0 5 0 5 0 8 0 9 2 5 1 9 0 9 ALL AFRICA 1 9 5 2 3 0 3.3 2 8 2 5 2.2 2 2 1.9 1 9 1 9 2.0 3.3 3.1 Note Regional aggregates for ODA include data for economies not specified elsewhere Aid Flows 295 12-11. Net ODA from multilateral donors as share of recipient GDP Percentage of GDP Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAJ-LARAN AFRICA 1.3 4 3 2 2 2 9 2 5 1.9 1 6 1 6 1 4 1 4 1 7 1.3 2.1 2.4 excluding South Africa 1.3 4 3 4 1 5.5 4.8 3.3 289 2 7 2 3 2 2 2 7 1.3 2.7 3 5 excl S.Afirica &Nigenia 2.1 5 3 4 6 6 5 5 7 4.0 3 4 3 2 2.7 2 6 3 3 1.9 3.1 4.1 Angola 2 6 2 6 5 6 3 5 2 4 1 7 1 9 2 2 1 3 0 9 0 6 2 2 Benin 3 8 6 1 6 6 7 4 4 8 5 3 3 4 2 7 3 9 2 2 5 4 3 3 4 8 5 1 Botswana 2 1 0 5 1 0 0 6 0 7 0 2 1 3 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 1 2 2 1 7 0 6 Burkina Faso 3 6 8 2 9 9 9 6 10 6 5 8 6 4 6 6 6 2 4 5 6 2 3 9 3 9 6 8 Burundi 5 9 15 1 10 0 22 3 18 2 4 9 1 9 2 7 3 1 7 6 11 0 5 2 8 4 9 8 Cameroon I1I 1 2 0 1 4 2 1 2 1 5 1 9 2 3 2 0 1 9 IS 1 0 0 5 1 7 Cape Verde 22 0 10 0 9 8 9 6 8 2 7 3 8 5 8 3 8 2 4 4 4 7 15 6 13 5 8 0 Central African Republic 4 2 4 9 4 1 8 4 3 8 4 2 3 0 6 1 5 6 2 4 2 9 4 4 5 8 5 0 Chad 1 5 4 8 5 2 9 2 7 6 10 7 8 4 5 2 7 4 5 5 6 6 3 6 7 6 7 0 Comoros 10 8 8 9 7 2 11 3 8 6 7 5 5 6 7 6 3 7 3 8 7 5 14 1 12 4 7 5 Congo,Democratic Rep of 0 7 1 3 0 9 2 5 1 4 0 9 1 4 0 7 0 4 0 5 0 8 2 5 1 2 Congo, Republic of 1 3 0 4 0 4 6 2 1 0 1 4 0 4 0 3 0 9 0 3 1 6 1 9 0 6 1 2 C6te dIlvoire 0 6 2 1 0 5 10 1 4 9 4 2 1 8 3 7 0 6 1 0 0 3 035 0 8 2 7 Djibouti 4 6 6 2 4 7 4 5 4 3 3 7 3 3 3 5 3 6 5 0 4 3 Equatorial Guinea 16 8 16 5 10 6 7 3 2 9 1 3 0 8 0 6 0 2 0I 0 7 15 3 7 2 Eritrea 4 8 10 5 9 5 4 6 4 0 5 3 7 1 8 8 18 3 8 1 Ethiopia 12 9 10 7 10 3 6 2 6 1 3 1 4 3 4 7 4 7 11 0 2 8 4 4 7 7 Gabon 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 5 0 2 0 3 0 2 0 2 0 3 0 5 0 4 0 2 0 2 0 2 Gambia, The 12 8 17 9 10 1 9 2 6 0 5 6 5 6 5 9 4 4 7 6 8 6 8 5 16 9 9 0 Ghana 1 3 4 4 5 2 4 0 4 6 4 4 2 7 4 3 3 2 4 5 4 8 1 4 5 1 4 5 Guinea 6 6 6 9 5 1 5 2 3 7 5 9 5 2 3 1 1 9 5 1 4 4 5 1 Guinea-Bissau 21 4 19 7 14 3 20 5 15 2 19 1 24 4 15 1 9 1 18 0 14 2 13 1 24 8 17 6 Kenya 1 6 4 6 9 8 3 9 3 0 2 7 1 4 1 2 0 5 2 1 1 6 1 2 2 3 3 3 Lesotho 7 1 8 8 8 3 8 4 5 6 5 4 3 9 3 4 0 7 1 8 3 2 8 7 10 7 5 5 Liberna 2 6 2 1 2 1 Madagascar 2 3 4 9 4 0 3 3 3 4 3 2 8 0 3 9 4 5 4 8 4 7 1 9 4 8 4 6 Malawi 5 5 20 3 16 2 18 2 14 8 9 4 6 7 13 3 11 8 10 0 1 12 4 8 10 7 13 4 Mali 5 8 6 6 5 5 11 8 10 9 7 7 7 2 4 5 4 6 2 7 5 5 5 6 7 5 6 7 Mauritania 5I 7 7 14 3 14 6 11 3 16 6 14 1 10 8 13 0 13 2 17 7 7 6 8 2 12 7 Mauntius 0 7 0 4 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 5 0 7 0 5 0 9 0 2 0 1 1 2 0 4 0 4 Mozamibique I10 24 5 18 3 21 3 15 7 11 7 9 6 8 5 5 4 6 6 5 8 1 3 5 6 12 5 Nanubia 1 6 1 1 0 8 1 3 1 5 II S1 1 8 1 6 1 0 0 4 1 6 Niger 2 5 4 4 5 5 7 1 4 2 4 6 7 7 7 0 3 3 5 8 6 8 3 1 6 0 5 5 Nigenia 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 4 0 5 0 3 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 4 Rwanda 4 9 8 0 7 7 29 9 28 1 15 4 2 7 7 1 10 0 8 1 8 3 4 3 4 2 11 3 S5o Tomd and Prncipe 3 8 66 7 38 5 47 8 49 9 41 4 27 7 24 3 18 0 37 2 34 0 11 3 26 5 39 5 Senegal 2 6 3 3 2 2 4 5 5 7 3 8 2 8 4 5 2 4 3 2 4 2 3 2 4 4 3 7 Seychelles 2 3 1 0 2 6 1 2 0 5 IS 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 4 0 9 1 6 2 5 1 2 SieiTa Leone 2 7 8 7 13 3 22 3 15 7 12 0 9 0 7 5 2 0 lOS5 22 0 2 1 4 1 10 9 Somalia 27 5 15 9 16 0 15 5 South Africa 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Sudan 2 5 5 2 3 6 2 9 1 5 1 2 0 5 0 5 0 6 0 3 0 4 1 8 1 9 2 0 Swaziland 3 2 2 6 1 8 2 5 1 3 0 7 0 7 1 0 1 0 0 7 1 7 2 8 2 1 IS5 Tanzania 11 4 7 0 8 6 5 4 4 2 4 9 2 7 4 4 2 7 3 2 2 9 4 1 5 7 Togo 3 4 5 3 1 6 6 3 5 7 4 2 3 4 4 3 1 5 1 3 1 2 4 2 5 7 3 8 Uganda 5 6 15 9 8 1 9 9 7 0 4 9 5 9 4 0 3 9 4 0 6 9 2 2 3 7 7 4 Zamnbia 1 6 10 6 11 0 8 5 45 9 7 8 6 2 2 9 9 0 9 5 2 7 11 3 6 10 4 Zimbabwe 0 7 3 8 2 9 4 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 0 8 0 5 -0 2 0 2 0 4 0 5 1 4 NORTH AFRICA 0 2 0.4 0.5 0 5 0 3 0 4 0.5 0 5 0 4 0.2 0.3 0 5 0 1 0 4 Algeria 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 0.1 0 5 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 Egypt, Arab Republic 0 9 0 5 0 4 0 5 0 3 0 3 0 5 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 1 2 2 0 2 0 4 Libya 0 0 0 0 0 0 Morocco 0 4 0 6 1 0 0 9 0 4 0 6 0 6 0 7 0 9 0 4 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 6 Tunisia 0 3 0 7 0 7 0 3 0 2 0 6 0 8 0 4 0 8 0 4 1 0 0 4 0 5 0 6 ALL AFRICA 0 8 .26 1 7 2 1 1 a 1,4 1 2 1 2 1 0 0 9 I1 1.0 1.4 1.6 Noie Regional aggregates for ODA imclude data for economies not speeiried eliswhere 296 Aid Flows 12-12. Net ODA from all donors as share of recipient GDI Percentage of GDI Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 20.2 66 1 36.4 39~7 32 6 27.1 - 24.6 24.0 21.7 22.8 22.9 21.8 49.4 36,4 excluding South Africa 20.2 66.1 61 1 72.0 62.5 44 4 39.3 35 4 30.5 32 5 31L2 21.8 49.4 49.5 exci S.Africa& Nigeria 35.0 88.1 74 3 87.5 73.6 51 I 46.9 43 6 37.6 42.1 42.3 32.8 57.3 60.9 Angola 165 6 49 3 66 8 29.5 181 18 2 14 6 13 6 9 8 8.3 2 7 36 2 Benin 42 4 120 6 88 9 108 6 71 2 763 55 7 51 7 50 5 55 9 60 1 40 9 91 4 78 3 Botswana 25 0 8 9 10 8 7 5 7 7 6 2 8 3 6 4 4 5 3 4 2 5 29 9 32 2 7 2 Burkina Faso 72 9 103 0 110 2 113 6 87 3 61 8 56 5 52 7 59 6 57 0 61 7 64 1 60 5 74 6 Burundi 91 9 191 3 141 8 319 4 300 1 102 3 72 9 87 5 114 2 150 2 274 3 89 3 108 0 172 3 Cameroon 18 7 43 9 27 7 60.6 38 4 29 4 33 9 32 7 25 3 26 0 26 0 15 0 11 3 32 6 Cape Verde 116 9 87 8 81 4 68 3 56 3 96 4 99 9 121 7 111 3 87 3 73 1 95 0 131 5 94 7 Central Aftican Republic 198 7 102 6 131 0 168 5 111 3 369 9 92 6 84 6 78 0 72 9 56 0 129 1 1152 125 4 Chad 170 2 157 4 108 5 159 4 123 7 102 0 56 8 95 5 54 8 26.2 159 7 219 0 115 2 Comoros 105 7 88 1 96 1 101 1 92 6 88 1 81 1 90 7 64 4 70 2 95 6 -114 1 120 1 96 2 Congo, DemocraticRep of 29 8 47 6 112 8 53 5 37 0 9 8 17 2 10 2 5 0 28 7 23 1 47 1 47 4 Congo, Republic of 15 1 17 9 21 8 65 5 16 2 62 7 52 0 12 6 21 7 4 9 10 0 19 5 22 2 29 9 C6te d'Ivoire 7 8 98 0 88 5 165 7 89 7 65 6 26 4 56 7 27 2 31 3 18 2 8 9 25 3 70 4 Djibouti 250 3 216 2 180 3 103 1 157 3 100 3 167 9 Equatonal Guinea 165 7 158 2 32 0 26 8 10 5 7 4 5 3 4 2 4 2 4 8 7 8 64 8 Entrea 25 3 162 1 103 0 76 0 49 4 63 5 49 4 78 8 115 2 80 3 Ethiopia 230 1 122 6 144 4 93 0 80 6 53 3 59 1 61 3 71 3 95 9 37 2 70 6 112 1 Gabon 4 7 5 5 10 3 19 8 12 3 9 4 2 4 2 6 3 9 0 9 0 6 4 1 7 7 7 3 Gambia, The 84 7 143 6 110 5 106 0 60 5 44 1 55 1 50 5 43 6 68 5 69 4 100 5 225 0 86 4 Ghana 76 7 74 9 47 1 42 1 50 3 32 2 28 9 40 7 37 6 51 7 51 2 60 7 78 4 50 6 Guinea 78 3 69 8 67 9 68 2 44 6 57 1 55.7 29 8 22 6 41 3 69 1 T553- Guinea-Bissau 190 7 98 1 129 2 340 7 209 2 290 0 212 4 409 5 139 2 233 2 135 6 158 2 161 6 209 8 Kenya 22 3 80 8 103 2 57 7 46 3 38 4 27 5 23 8 20 1 35 9 31 1 26 8 42 0 49 4 Lesotho 59 0 26 7 32 2 25 1 20 2 18 9 16 6 14 6 7 9 10 3 18 4 72 7 61 5 21 9 Libenia 32 1 44 5 94 0 Madagascar 38 1 107 0 94 0 89 1 87 1 76 7 183 5 87 1 64 7 55 2 49 6 47 1 101 1 98 2 Malawi 46 8 161 2 158 4 136 9 179 0 174 9 111 3 186 0 166 5 208 4 210 2 49 5 112 0 161 0 Mali 96 7 69 4 62 2 91 5 95 9 81 9 84 1 64 0 65 1 69 3 67 8 103 7 117 1 76 6 Maurntania 94 3 87 1 166 8 125 6 1H19 131 3 123 5 86 7 128 4 71 6 95 2 106 9 97 3 112 7 Mauntius 11 3 5 3 2 6 1 4 2 1 1 9 3 6 3 6 3 8 1 8 2 0 15 5 13 0 4 0 Mozamnbique 80 8 506 0 467 3 278 1 201 6 143 2 135 6 110 9 54 7 58 1 62 3 99 7 215 4 21Y26- Namnibia 23 1 32 9 19 6 25 2 23 3 22 0 20 2 21 6 18 6 14 4 16 0 22 9 Niger 24 1 225 0 334 4 232 2 199 4 132 7 166 1 124 7 90 7 108 8 111 0 84 2 127 1 178 1 Nigeria 0 3 3 7 5 8 4 1 4 6 3 8 3 2 2 6 1 9 2 0 1 6 0 6 3 2 3 6 Rwanda 82 8 110 3 107 8 952 2 404 8 234 9 89 9 118 8 112 1 101 4 92 7 85 9 68 5 211 4 S8o Tom6 and Prncipe 49 8 319 9 277 4 242 9 271 9 188 3 154 7 192 1 150 4 173 0 161 9 115 6 286 9 249 0 Senegal 75 1 75 0 65 4 94 7 89 0 67 5 53 6 57.9 59 2 48 9 45 3 81 6 116 5 70 8 Seychelles 20 9 14 5 10 5 8 4 7 0 9.5 10 6 6 9 10 0 6 4 48 3 59 2 14 3 Siefra Leone 51 0 236 5 351 1 355 5 423 2 195 5 -575 6 297 9 3,750 4 358 5 563 8 43 0 126 2 516 1 Somalia 169 3 156 0 166 2 347 2 South Aftica 1 5 1 4 1 4 1 5 2 1 2 5 2 8 2 6 2 5 2 0 Sudan 55 8 12 1 6 6 11 5 14 5 11 3 7 8 44 2 52 5 10 6 Swaziland 24 6 22.3 22 3 23 5 21 3 7 8 9 6 11.5 11.2 4 8 12 5 25 2 31 2 17 4 Tanzawia 106 8 88 8 86 8 84 4 812 82 5 86 2 73 8 63 9 77 7 122 0 850 Toga 28 1 83 7 105 0 84 8 911 57 1 513 43 7 26 6 27 3 17 9 39 6 82 3 60 1 Uganda 148 3 159 2 124 2 128 2 88 3 69 6 77 2 610 50 9 70 3 68 9 584 59 9 96 0 Zambia 35 2 273 6 177 0 260 3 367 3 145 1 107 0 65 7 113 4 131 5 512 34 1 112 2 167 9 Zimbabwe 14 5 57 9 33 3 34 3 35 2 23 4 22 0 26 6 27 6 19 6 22 5 9 3 22 5 29 0 NORTH AFRICA 7 2 15.6 II's 12 1 8.5 9 5 7.3 6,3 53 4.4 4.6 94 7 2 10 3 Algeria I11 2 7 24 3 2 2 4 2 6 2.2 2 9 07 1.3 1 2 12 1 0 2 1 Egypt, Arab Republic 22 0 47 3 313 313 195 196 12 1 92 7 0 56 57 33 9 15 9 24 7 Libya 02 02 Morocco 19 7 14 3 11 8 97 7 2 9 1 6 7 6 7 82 5 2 61 14 5 12 1 101I Tunisia 91 7 3 5 3 2.8 16 2 5 3 9 2 8 45 4 2 67 11.3 10 9 50 ALL AFRICA 13.2 38 1 25 8 28,3 23.4 20.6 17.7 162 14.3 .14.3 14 4 14,2 24.3 23_,9 Note Regional aggregates for ODA include date for economies not specified elsewhere Aid Flows 297 12-13. Net ODA from DAC donors as share of recipient GDI Percentage of GDI Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 11 8 40 3 22 4 23 0 18.5 16 5 15 3 15 2 13 8 14 7 13 6 12 6 31 1 22.5 excluding South Afrsca 11.8 40 3 31 6 41 5 35 2 26.8 24 1 22 1 19 2 20 8 18 4 12.6 31 1 30.2 excl S.Africa &Nigeria 20 5 53 8 46 2 508 41,7 31.0 29.0 27 5 23.8 27 1 25 0 18 9 36 0 37.4 Angola 92 8 25 6 33 2 17 1 11 3 11 6 9 4 8 8 6 0 5 6 8 7 20 4 Benin 16 8 76 6 45 6 60 2 45 0 43 6 37 3 36 3 28 5 44 6 31 8 21 0 50 1 46 4 Botswana 19 6 7 4 6 7 4 9 4 6 5 7 3 8 4 4 3 0 2 6 2 1 23 0 24 3 5 2 Burkina Faso 51 9 63 5 60 1 69 4 44 9 39 6 33 5 29 8 34 7 38 6 35 0 43 3 41 5 44 8 Burundi 46 8 91 6 82 1 111 0 113 1 62 5 49 5 57 7 79 9 66 3 114 7 48 1 49 4 83 1 Cameroon 12 1 35 5 26 9 33 0 29 9 20 0 22 4 19 9 14 8 14 6 18 0 10 1 8 7 22 5 Cape Verde 70 7 58 9 56 4 45 8 36 9 64 0 61 0 79 7 72 2 64 7 46 8 58 6 89 1 64 2 Central African Republic 134 5 61 2 88 4 94 4 80 8 262 7 62 4 39 9 39 1 51 3 35 3 84 4 65 2 77 2 Chad 105 6 102 0 52 7 85 7 50 9 43 2 25 3 32 8 22 3 10 7 86 5 122 1 59 1 Comocos 32 8 42 3 56 6 46 2 48 1 49 1 45 4 48 1 39 6 40 4 33 2 43 0 67 4 50 4 Congo, Democratic Rep of 22 1 28 7 62 6 21 2 22 2 6 3 11 4 6 5 3 3 16 1 16 1 29 5 29 2 Congo, Republic of 9 1 16 1 20 5 45 8 13 6 57 6 50 1 IlS5 18 6 3 4 4 0 11 8 19 5 25 6 Cte d'lvoire 5 6 68 3 82 0 85 3 53 7 30 6 13 8 28 7 22 1 22 2 15 4 7 0 18 0 46 0 Djibouti 189 5 157 9 131 2 79 4 116 1 59 2 122 2 Equatonal Guinea 96 1 83 0 17 7 17 3 7 9 5 5 4 4 3 1 3 6 4 7 40 5 Entrea 18 2 98 7 65 4 60 9 32 4 37 1 26 8 50 1 62 3 50 2 Ethiopia 89 3 46 9 76 4 55 3 44 2 34 4 32 7 31 0 39 1 32 6 13 6 39 5 52 7 Gabon 4 2 5 2 9 9 17 6 11 6 8 5 1 9 2 2 2 8 -0 9 -0 6 3 4 6 7 6 5 Gambia, The 25 6 65 5 64 9 58 1 32 6 20 3 24 7 17 6 17 2 20 4 18 2 46 6 128 1 41 6 Ghana 42 8 40 5 23 6 25 5 27 7 17 3 17 1 21 7 22 0 32 6 31 1 32 8 32 1 27 8 Guinea 40 8 31 6 35 2 36 0 20 1 18 8 23 0 13 9 13 7 18 3 38 8 25 9 Guinea-Bissau 110 3 51 9 77 3 240 8 135 7 200 1 100 0 276 7 85 2 120 6 70 3 92 8 81 4 128 3 Kenya 15 6 47 4 48 4 34 1 28 9 22 3 18 5 15 8 16 5 20 5 18 6 20 7 30 4 29 4 Lesotho 39 9 12 7 16 5 9 8 10 9 8 9 8 1 7 8 6 5 6 1 10 1 43 4 36 2 11 7 Libenia 19 7 32 5 66 7 MadagascaT 15 0 63 6 59 0 58 5 56 4 49 4 120 8 60 4 34 7 23 8 19 3 25 0 57 7 60 2 Malawi 24 7 58 0 50 5 73 0 90 9 93 9 56 4 87 1 84 9 125 7 102 5 26 2 54 8 76 6 Mali 47 5 38 4 37 8 50 4 50 5 49 6 50 3 43 5 43 5 57 7 40 4 55 7 73 4 47 4 Maunitania 28 7 50 6 100 6 60 1 61 2 47 6 50 1 33 4 52 0 27 9 29 6 25 5 53 1 51 7 Mautitius 86 40 2 7 0 7 1 0 -0 1 02 1 7 05 II1 0 7 10 3 10 8 2 5 Mozambique 54 8 348 2 322 1 169 9 132 3 89 0 88 9 76 0 -403 41 3 48 0 74 1 164 0 145 6 Namibia 15 8 26 2 15 9 19 4 16 9 16 3 14 3 14 2 11 8 10 2 9 8 15 5 Niger 14 9 161 3 247 0 160 9 140 9 85 0 90 4 61 8 58 3 54 6 50 7 51 1 80 2 115 8 Nigeria 0 1 1 9 1 4 1 0 1 6 09 0 8 04 07 09 0 9 04 2 6 1 5 Rwanda 51 5 58 8 61 0 647 8 195 6 126 9 69 9 70 9 54 2 55 2 47 5 54 3 39 2 126 9 S8o Tomd and Pnncipe 15 4 147 7 168 3 127 9 198 6 114 5 98 1 124 1 104 2 87 6 93 6 30 6 110 1 143 8 Senegal 51 9 50 8 47 5 70 3 53 4 45 6 37 0 33 4 46 0 33 3 24 2 50 5 73 0 48 0 Seychelles 16 8 5 1 5 9 7 1 2 9 3 5 7 5 2 5 1 8 3 9 42 7 377 9 4 Sierra Leone 31 8 131 4 178 5 69 4 122 2 71 1 .201 0 149 0 3,049 7 227 2 281 9 24 2 73 9 352 8 Somalia 54 4 49 5 107 6 189 7 South Africa 1 0 1 0 1 2 1 3 1 7 2 0 2 0 1 9 1 8 1 6 Sudan 24 4 6 5 4 1 8 3 9 4 4 5 4 9 17 0 28 3 6 3 Swaziland 16 1 10 5 13 6 11 1 13 8 4 9 5 5 5 5 5 8 1 0 1 8 16 1 20 4 9 3 Tanzania 65 1 60 8 51 3 56 4 56 0 49 7 66 3 45 7 48 7 59 4 93 3 57 8 Togo 161 50 7 83 7 42 9 55.8 35 4 31 0 22 5 17 5 20 4 10 9 21 5 46 6 37 7 Uganda 55 2 56 0 70 8 58 7 44.8 38 1 41 7 36 2 30 8 49 6 34 0 24 1 21 2 46 8 Zambia 25 9 184 7 103 7 157 3 79 4 84 3 64 4 48 3 61 8 80 4 37 6 26 1 88 8 94 2 Zimbabwe 9 9 39 2 20 7 17 1 24 9 17 7 14 6 22 0 24 8 21 2 21 0 7 2 19 8 22 0 NORTH-IAFRICA 44 12 9 8.1 9 6 6 9 7 5 5 0 4.1 3 6 3 3 3 3 4 5 6 1 7 6 Algerna 0 7 2 5 1 8 2 8 2 2 2 2 1 7 0 9 0 3 0 2 0 2 0 9 0 7 IS5 Egypt, Arab Republic 18 8 39 4 23 8 26 9 16 3 17 2 9 1 7 0 5 7 4 8 4 9 15 3 14 9 19 5 Libya 0 1 0 1 Morocco 4 1 11 1 7 0 4 9 5 1 5 5 3 1 3 2 4 0 3 6 4 1 5 5 8 3 5 9 Tunisia 6 1 5 6 3 0 1 9 1 2 0 8 1 4 1 9 1 8 2 8 3 3 8 0 7 7 2 9 ALLAFRICA 7.8 25 0 16 3 17 5 14 1 13 2 11,2 10 2 9.1 9 4 8 8 7 8 16.3 15 3 Noie Regional aggregates for ODA include dutafor economies noitspecif'ied elsewhere 298 Aid Flows 12-14. Net ODA from multilaterall donors as sThare of recipient GDN Percentage of GDJ Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 6.5 25 6 13 9 16.6 14 0 10.5 9.1 8 7 ,7 7 8 9 0 6,8 16.8 13.6 excluding South Africa 6.5 25 6 23 3 30.4 27 2 17.4 14 9 13 I 1 0.9 11.2 12 5 6 8 16.8 18.9 exc3 S.Afnca &Nigeria 31.1 34 0 27.9 36.6 31.7 19.8 17.5 15 8 133. 14 4 76 9 30.2 19.6 23.3 Angola 72 5 23 1 33 5 12.4 6 8 6 5 5 3 4 8 3 6 2 8 3 9 15 6 Benin 24 8 44 0 43 2 46 8 24 5 31 1 18 4 15 8 22 3 11 5 28 0 19 5 39 7 31 7 Botswana 5 3 1 6 3 6 2 4 3 0 0 7 4 7 2 2 3 5 0 9 0 3 6 2 7 7 2 1 Burkina Faso 21 0 38 9 50 0 43 9 41 1 21 2 22 5 22 0 23 5 37 7 24 5 20 1 17 9 28 6 Burundi 42 2 100 6 61.2 211 4 189 9 4130 23 8 30 5 34 2 83 8 159 4 39 0 54 8 90 2 Cameroon 5 0 8.4 0 8 27 7 8 4 9 6 11 6 13.0 10 7 13 6 8 2 4 3 2 6 10 2 Cape Verde 42 5 29 1 24 6 22 2 19 3 30 1 38 8 41 9 39 3 23 0 26 6 34 3 40 5 30 3 Central Aftican Republic 60 5 39 9 40 7 72 1 28 2 96 7 30 2 44 7 38 9 21 7 20 7 42 9 48 1 46 4 Chad 64 5 53 4 55 3 73 4 71 5 56 6 29 9 59 2 32 1 15 5 69 7 96 9 54 9 Comoros 32 7 45 8 39 1 54 7 44 3 38 8 35 6 42 3 24 8 2931 57 0 43 1 49 0 45 2 Congo, Democratic Rep. of 7 4 38 5 50.0 32 2 14 7 3 4 4 8 3 5 1 7 12 6 6 8 377 17 3 Congo, Republic of 3 6 1 9 3 2 19 8 2 6 531 1 9 1 1 3 1 1 5 6 0 5 7 2 8 4 2 C6te dIvoire 2 2 29 7 6 4 80 4 35 9 35 0 12 6 28 0 4 9 9 0 2 7 1 9 7 3 24 3 Djibouti . 53 1 47 3 39 4 21 5 39 3 27 7 38 0 Equatonal Guinea 69 6 75 2 14 3 9 5 2 6 2 0 0 9 1 2 0 7 0 5 5 3 23 5 Entrea 6 8 50 8 33 9 1337 10 3 14 5 16 5 24 6 51 8 24 8 Ethiopia 140 7 75 5 67 9 37 6 36 4 18 2 25 3 28 9 30 7 60 8 20 4 30 6 58 0 Gabon 0 6 0 3 0 4 231 0 8 1 1 0 7 0 5 131 1 8 1 2 0 5 0 7 0 9 Gwmbia, The 48 0 80 8 48 3 50 9 29 9 25 8 32 6 32 2 24 8 44 7 47 9 43 2 98 4 45 0 Ghana 23 7 34 6 23 3 16 9 23 1 15 0 13 1 38 8 15 4 18 8 19 9 24 9 46 2 22 7 Guinea 37 8 38 9 33 0 31 2 21 4 33 2 29 0 13 6 8 5 23 2 27 1 28 2 Guinea-Bissau 75 9 40 8 46 4 94 0 68 1 83 0 1119 332 6 54 0 112 6 65 2 54 6 73 6 78 8 Kenya 6 7 33 7 55 2 23 8 37 0 359 8 9 7 9 3 5 15 0 12 1 5 7 13 2 19 9 Lesotho 19 1 13 4 1531 353 9 2 9 3 7 2 7 2 1 7 4 5 8 8 28 8 24 9 103I Libena 9 4 10 9 27 3 Madagascar 15 1 43 4 35.0 30 6 30 7 27 3 62 6 26 7 29 9 31 6 30 4 39 9 44 3 3831 Malawi 22 1 101 6 107 0 62 7 87 0 81 1 55 3 98 5 79 9 79 8 102 2 23 3 57 0 82 6 Mali 37 4 30 4 25 0 43 3 47 8 33 6 34 9 21 5 23 5 3118 24 8 38 7 38 1 29 4 Mauritana 19 3 39 7 69 1 70 2 58 4 89 1 8031 56 9 73 3 43 7 6631 30 4 32 4 62 6 Maunitius 2 7 1 3 -01I 07 3 3 2 1 2 5 2 0 3 4 0 7 0 6 4 7 1 6 3 4 Mozambique 36 3 156 9 143 7 107 6 68 9 53 8 46 9 35.1 34 5 16 8 14 0 22 5 49 6 66 7 Namibia 7 2 6 7 3 5 5 8 6 4 5 5 5 7 7 3 6 7 4 0 6 2 7 3 Niger 9 0 63 6 85 4 68 1 57 8 47 3 70 5 62 4 3231 54 2 59 8 26 4 45 2 60 8 Nigenia 0 1 1 7 4 2 331 3 0 2 9 2 4 2 2 1 2 1 1 0 7 0 2 0 6 231 Rwanda 30 6 51 4 46 1 300 0 209 4 107 4 19 7 47 9 57 8 46 1 4531 29 7 27 7 83 6 S5o Tomd and Prncipe 34 4 372 2 109 0 114 9 73 3 73 7 56 4 67 9 46 2 85 5 68 2 85 0 176 9 105 1 Senegal 22 6 22 4 35 9 24 2 33 9 20 6 15 4 24 4 12 7 16 1 23 1 25 0 36 9 23 9 Seychelles 4 5 9 0 4 7 1 6 3 0 3 4 2 7 3 3 4 6 2 5 5 3 18 0 4 2 Sieffa Leone 16 7 104 9 172 3 285 9 299 7 119 8 -369 6 141 5 683 0 131 3 278 4 16 3 45 7 160 7 Somalia 65 0 58 5 56 2 99 9 South Africa 0 5 0 4 0 2 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 8 0 7 0 7 0 5 Sudan 17 2 5 6 2 5 3 2 3 5 1 8 2 5 12 0 34 7 3 2 Swaziland 8 6 10 4 7 6 31 5 6 5 2 3 3 5 4 5 5 4 3 7 9 4 9 1 10 4 73Y Tanzania 41 9 28 1 35 0 27 5 25 4 32 6 19 7 28 0 15 4 18 6 28 7 27 1 Togo 12 0 33 6 23 0 41 7 35 1 22 5 20 7 20 8 7 9 6 4 5 6 37 2 33 4 22 3 Uganda 91 3 300 0 53 1 67 2 42 3 30 6 35 3 24 8 20 0 20 2 34 7 32 2 37 4 46 9 Zambia 6 8 88 8 73 3 102 9 287 9 60 8 42 6 17 6 51 5 51 0 13 5 6 2 23 4 73 6 Zimbabwe 4 2 18 9 12 6 17 3 10 5 5 9 7 6 4 7 2 9 -1 5 2 0 2 1 2 9 7 1 NORTH AFRICA 0 8 1.4 2.1 2 2 1 3 18a 2.0 1.8 1 5 0.8 1 1 1 6 0 6 1 6 Algena 0 1 0 2 0 6 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 4 1 9 0 2 0 5 0 7 0 1 0 1 0~5- Egypt, Arab Republic 3 1 2 6 2 5 3 3 2 0 1 9 2 4 1 3 0 9 0 6 0 5 7 2 0 9 1 9 Libya 0 1 031 Morocco 3 4 2 4 4 5 4.4 1 9 3 2 3 1 3 1 3 8 1 6 1 7 1 3 0 7 2 8 Twunsia Io0 1 9 2 6 1 3 0 9 2 5 2 9 3 5 2 9 1 3 3 4 1 4 2 2 231 ALL AFRICA 3A4 322 8.9 30.7 9.1 7,3 6.3 5 6 4.9 4.6 5 3 3 7 7.1 7.8 Note Regional aggregates for ODA include data for economies noitspecified elsewhere Aid Flows 299 12-15. Net ODA per capita from all donors US dollars (current prices) AnnualAverage 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 22 39 32 34 33 28 24 25 21 20 2 1 17 30 29 excluc'hng South Africa 22 39 34 36 34 29 25 24 21 21 2 1 1 7 30 30 excl SAMea &Nigeria 27 49 42 45 43 36 31 30 26 26 26 22 37 37 Angola 7 34 27 41 37 40 29 27 30 23 20 7 1 5 30 Benin 26 54 56 48 5 1 5 1 38 35 35 38 42 21 36 47 Botswana 117 82 92 59 60 48 77 66 37 1 9 1 7 91 114 64 Burkina Faso 30 47 49 44 49 4 1 35 37 36 30 34 24 32 40 Burundi 28 54 37 52 47 1 8 9 1 0 1 1 14 19 23 37 30 Cameroon 30 58 43 56 33 30 36 35 30 26 26 22 24 38 Capc Vcrdc 223 335 323 326 307 298 277 315 323 216 171 144 276 292 Central Afncan Republic 48 58 55 52 50 49 26 33 32 20 20 34 58 45 Chad 8 39 36 33 35 43 32 23 25 1 7 23 1 8 40 34 Comoros 129 106 105 8 1 85 78 53 66 39 34 48 119 123 79 Congo, Democratic Rep of 16 7 4 6 4 4 3 3 3 4 5 12 16 7 Congo, Republic of 55 48 50 144 48 160 98 23 48 1 1 24 49 49 68 C6te d'lvoire 26 60 59 118 87 67 30 64 29 22 1 1 1 7 25 55 Djibouti 244 211 241 225 181 165 143 133 121 113 85 206 245 187 Equatonal Guinea 43 168 140 77 84 75 58 5 1 45 47 28 27 116 93 Entrea 20 45 42 43 33 43 37 43 67 41 Ethiopia 6 21 20 20 16 14 10 I I 10 I 1 16 5 1 6 1 6 Gabon 8 1 69 99 173 134 114 34 38 40 10 7 73 107 84 Gambia, The 85 110 81 65 42 32 33 32 27 38 38 58 108 59 Ghana 1 8 38 38 32 38 37 27 38 32 32 33 13 33 37 Guinea 20 74 65 56 63 44 55 51 33 2 1 36 1 5 42 5 1 Guinea-Bissau 78 107 92 166 110 164 110 83 45 67 48 66 103 104 Kenya 24 36 36 26 28 22 16 14 11 17 15 19 31 26 Lesotho 69 83 81 64 61 55 47 3 1 1 6 1 8 26 52 67 53 Libena 52 47 47 24 45 62 26 24 3 1 22 1 1 40 34 38 Madagascar 26 30 29 22 23 26 59 33 24 2 1 22 16 27 30 Malawi 23 66 56 52 47 52 36 44 44 43 38 1 9 35 50 Mali 41 48 40 47 56 50 43 34 33 33 32 29 51 44 Mauntania 113 96 151 121 101 116 99 66 85 80 95 115 115 103 Mauntius 34 42 24 13 21 17 38 36 36 17 18 37 51 34 Mozwnbique 14 100 79 78 67 55 57 61 47 50 52 11 45 66 Namibia 97 101 89 121 116 101 108 104 97 61 0 19 100 Niger 30 45 40 43 30 27 34 29 18 19 22 30 47 34 Nigena 1 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 Rwanda 30 48 47 115 110 69 29 43 45 38 33 26 34 56 Sfto Tome and Pnneipe 44 464 373 389 638 351 241 198 190 236 251 72 208 353 Senegal 47 88 64 79 80 68 48 55 58 44 43 45 84 69 Seychelles 337 268 269 174 172 248 221 308 163 225 164 242 338 254 Sierra Leone 28 32 48 63 46 40 25 22 15 36 65 16 23 36 Somalia 67 85 115 70 26 12 10 10 14 12 16 46 71 39 South Afnca 7 8 10 9 12 12 13 11 10 10 Sudan 32 21 17 15 9 8 5 7 8 7 5 28 40 14 Swaziland 89 69 65 66 65 36 29 35 28 13 27 60 49 48 Tanzania 37 49 34 34 30 29 30 31 30 30 36 28 34 35 Togo 36 62 26 33 49 39 30 30 16 15 10 32 51 37 Uganda 9 42 34 40 43 34 40 31 27 37 34 7 20 37 Zambia 55 125 103 82 226 66 65 36 63 79 36 35 58 88 Zimbabwe 23 73 45 50 43 32 28 22 20 14 12 15 28 34 NORTH AFRICA 31 45 31 31 I1 24 26 22 23 20 16 17 31 24 32 Algcna 10 15 13 15 11 11 9 13 3 5 6 8 8 10 Egypt, Arab Republic 34 66 43 47 35 37 33 32 25 21 19 44 34 46 Libya 5 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 2 2 Morocco 46 38 28 24 19 24 17 19 24 15 18 28 22 27 Tunisia 36 46 26 12 8 14 21 16 27 23 39 36 33 27 ALL AFRICA 24 40 32 34 31 27 24 23 20 20 20 20 29 Note Rcgional aggregatn for ODA include data for ewnomies not specified elsewhere 300 Aid Flows 12-16. Net ODA per capita from DAC donors US dollars (current prices) Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 200) 75-84 85-89 90-iMR SUB-SA1-ARAN AFRICA 13 24 20 20 is 17 1 5 15 13 13 12 10 19 is excluding South Africa 13 24 21 21 19 18 IS5 15 13 13 13 10 19 is exdi SAfrica &Nigeria 16 29 26 26 24 22 19 1,9 17 17 16 13 23 23 Angola 5 19 14 20 21 25 19 17 20 14 13 4 10 18 Benmn 10 34 28 27 32 29 26 24 20 30 22 1 1 20 28 Botswana 92 69 57 39 36 44 35 45 25 14 14 69 87 46 Burkina Faso 22 29 27 27 25 26 2 1 2 1 2 1 20 19 16 22 24 Burundi 1 4 26 2 1 1 8 1 8 1 1 6 7 8 6 8 1 2 1 7 1 5 Carneroon 20 47 42 3 1 26 2 1 24 2 1 1 7 14 1 8 IS 1 9 27 Cape Verde 135 225 224 219 201 198 169 207 210 160 110 95 188 198 Central African Republic 32 35 37 29 37 35 17 16 16 14 13 22 33 26 Chad 5 25 23 16 19 18 14 1 0 9 7 9 10 22 17 Comoros 40 51 62 37 44 44 30 35 24 19 1 7 45 69 42 Congo, Democratic Rep of 12 4 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 8 10 4 Congo, Republic of 33 43 48 100 40 147 94 21 41 8 10 30 43 58 COie d'Ivoire 1 9 42 54 61 52 3 1 16 32 23 16 10 13 18 35 Djibouti 107 172 169 164 137 120 104 102 89 67 44 122 158 127 Equatonal Cumnea 5 97 73 42 54 57 42 42 33 40 28 14 66 61 Entrea 14 27 26 35 21 25 20 27 36 26 Ethiopia 2 8 8 10 9 8 6 6 5 6 6 2 9 8 Gabon 71 65 95 154 126 102 27 32 29 -9 -6 61 93 75 Gwmbia, The 26 50 48 35 23 15 1 5 1 1 10 I1I 10 25 61 29 Ghana 10 2 1 19 20 21 20 16 20 19 20 20 7 1 3 20 Guinea 7 38 30 29 33 20 1 8 21 1 5 13 16 4 23 24 Gwnea-Bissau 45 57 55 117 71 113 52 56 27 35 25 38 5 1 63 Kenya 17 2 1 17 1 5 17 13 1 1 10 9 10 9 15 22 16 Lesotho 47 39 41 25 33 26 23 16 13 1 1 14 32 39 28 Libena 32 10 9 13 1 1 40 1 1 1 1 1 5 8 S 27 24 14 Madagascar 1 0 1 8 18 IS5 1 5 17 39 23 13 9 9 8 16 1 8 Malawi 1 2 24 1 8 28 24 28 18 21 23 26 19 1 0 17 23 Mali 20 27 24 26 30 30 25 23 22 28 19 1 6 32 27 Mauritania 35 56 91 58 55 42 40 25 34 3 1 30 29 62 47 Mauntius 26 32 24 7 10 -1 2 1 7 4 10 7 24 42 20 Mozamnbique 9 69 54 48 44 34 37 42 34 35 40 8 34 45 Namibia 66 81 72 93 84 75 77 68 55 43 0 12 67 Niger 1 9 32 30 30 21 17 1 9 14 1 1 10 10 1 7 30 22 Nigena 0 I 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 Rwanda 19 26 27 78 53 37 23 26 22 21 17 16 20 32 Sao Tome and Prncipe 14 214 226 205 466 213 153 128 132 120 145 22 84 206 Senegal 33 59 46 59 48 46 33 32 45 30 23 28 52 47 Seychelles 284 215 94 98 145 102 82 218 60 40 100 213 247 155 Sierra Leone 18 18 25 12 13 14 9 11 12 23 32 8 13 16 Somalia 21 64 89 57 16 5 6 5 9 6 10 15 46 27 South Africa 5 6 8 8 10 10 9 8 7 8 Sudan 14 7 6 6 5 4 3 5 5 3 3 11 21 7 Swaziland 58 33 39 31 42 22 17 17 15 3 4 39 31 26 Tanzania 28 30 23 20 20 20 18 24 19 23 27 21 26 24 Togo 21 37 21 17 30 24 18 16 11 11 6 18 29 23 Uganda 3 15 19 18 22 19 21 18 17 26 17 2 7 19 Zambia 41 85 60 50 49 38 39 27 34 48 27 27 46 48 Zimbabwe 16 50 28 25 30 24 19 18 18 IS 12 II 24 25 NQRTH AFRICA 19 37 22 25 19 21 15 15 13 12 12 16 21 23 Algena 6 14 10 14 10 9 7 4 1 1 I 6 5 8 Egypt, Arab Republic 29 55 33 40 29 33 25 24 21 18 17 23 31 36 Libya 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 I Morocco 1o 29 17 12 13 IS 8 9 12 10 12 10 16 16 Tunisia 25 35 15 8 6 5 8 II 11 16 19 25 23 16 AILLAFRICA -14 26 20 21 19 18 IS 15 13 13 12 II 19 19 Note Regional aggregates for ODA include data for economies not speciried elsewhere Aid Flows 301 12-17. Net ODA per capita from multilateral donors US dollars (current prices) Annual Average 1980 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 75-84 85-89 90-MR SUB-SAH-ARANAF11ICA 7 15 12 14 14 1 1 9 8 7 7 85 10 I11 excluding South Africa 7 15 13 15 iS 1 1 10 9 8 7 95 10 12 exci S.Affiia &Nigeria 9 19 16 19 la 14 12 ii1 9 9 1 I 7 12 14 Angola 2 15 13 21 16 15 II1 10 I11 8 7 3 5 12 Benmn 15 20 27 21 18 21 13 II1 15 8 20 10 16 19 Botswana 25 15 30 19 24 5 44 22 13 5 2 19 27 18 Burkina Faso 9 1 8 22 1 7 23 1 4 14 1 6 1 4 9 1 3 7 9 1 5 Burundli 1 3 28 1 6 34 30 7 3 4 3 8 1 1 1 0 1 9 1 6 Cameroon 8 1 1 1 26 7 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 3 1 1 8 6 5 1 1 Cape Verde 8 1 III 98 106 105 93 108 109 114 57 62 46 84 94 Central African Republic is5 23 1 7 22 1 3 1 3 8 1 8 1 6 6 7 1 2 24 1 8 Chad 3 1 S 1 2 1 7 16 25 1 8 1 2 1 6 1 0 1 3 7 1 8 1 6 COMOTOS 40 55 43 44 4 1 34 23 3 1S 1 4 29 45 50 36 Congo, Democratic Rep of 4 3 2 3 2 I 1 1 1 2 2 3 6 2 Congo, Republic of 1 3 5 3 43 8 1 3 4 2 7 3 1 5 1 4 7 1 0 C6te dIvowre 7 1 8 4 57 35 36 14 3 1 5 6 2 4 7 20 Djibouti 29 40 53 40 38 36 3 1 28 30 3 1 42 30 SO 37 Equatonal Guinea 37 70 66 34 30 1 8 iS5 8 1 2 7 3 17 50 3 1 Entrea 5 14 14 8 7 10 12 1 3 30 13 Ethiopia 3 13 13 9 6 6 3 5 5 5 10 3 7 8 Gabon 10 4 3 19 9 14 10 7 1 1 19 13 8 IC 10 Ganb,a, The 48 62 36 3 1 2l1 19 19 20 IS5 25 26 26 47 30 Ghana 6 1 8 19 13 1 7 17 1 0 18 13 12 13 5 19 1 6 Guinea i 3 36 36 27 29 21 32 26 1 5 8 20 8 1 7 26 Guinea-Bissau 31 45 33 46 36 47 58 27 17 32 23 23 46 39 Kenya 7 1s 19 1 1 10 9 5 5 2 7 6 4 8 10 Lesotho 22 42 38 38 28 27 21 1 5 3 8 12 19 28 25 Libenia 1 5 37 37 10 33 21 1 5 14 16 14 7 II1 1 0 23 Madagascar 10 12 II1 8 8 9 20 10 I11 12 14 7 12 12 Malawi I11 42 38 24 23 24 18 23 21 17 19 8 1 8 26 Mali 16 21 16 22 28 20 18 I 1 1 6 12 1 1 1 7 17 Maunitania 23 43 63 68 53 79 64 43 48 49 66 3 1 39 57 Maunitius 8 Il1 -1 7 1 2 20 26 20 3 1 6 5 12 7 1 3 Mozambique 3 3 1 24 30 23 2 1 20 19 12 14 12 3 10 20 Namnibia 30 20 1 6 28 32 25 3 1 35 31 17 7 32 Niger I11 13 10 1 3 9 10 14 14 6 10 12 9 17 1 2 Nigeria 0 I 2 1 1 I I I I 1 1 0 0 1 Rwanda II1 22 20 36 57 32 6 1 7 23 17 16 9 14 23 Sso Tomd and Prncipe 30 250 146 184 172 137 88 70 58 117 106 50 125 147 Senegal 1 4 26 16 20 3 1 2 1 14 23 1 2 1 5 20 14 28 21 Seychelles 53 58 166 78 33 107 79 77 77 104 63 25 79 81 Sierra Leone 9 14 24 50 32 24 16 10 3 13 32 7 8 19 Somalia 26 19 25 13 9 6 4 5 5 5 5 18 24 10 South Affica 2 2 2 1 2 2 4 3 3 2 Sudan 10 13 1I 9 4 4 2 2 2 1 2 8 12 7 Swaziland 31 32 22 33 20 11 11 14 14 10 21 21 17 20o Tanzania 7 19 it 14 10 9 12 7 11 7 9 6 8 II Togo 15 25 5 16 19 15 12 14 5 4 3 13 20 14 Uganda 5 26 14 21 21 15 18 13 11 11 17 4 12 17 Zambia II 41 42 32 178 28 26 10 29 31 10 6 12 39 Zimbabwe 7 24 17 25 13 8 10 4 2 -1 1 4 4 9 NORTH AFRICA 4 4 6 6 4 S 6 6 6 3 4 5 2 5 Algeria I 1 3 2 I 1 2 9 1 2 3 1 I 2 Egypt,.ArabRepublic 5 4 3 5 4 4 6 4 3 2 2 9 2 4 Libya 2 1 0 0 1 1 1 I 1 2 1 I Morocco 3 6 II 11 5 9 8 9 11 5 5 2 1 7 Tunisia 4 12 13 6 5 13 16 8 17 8 20 4 7 1I ALLAFRICA 6 13 II 13 i2 10 9 8 7 6 7 5 8 10 Note Regional aggregates for ODA include daia for economries not specif'ied elsewhere 302 Aid Flows Figure 12-1. Total net ODA as a share of recipient GDP, 2001* (percent) 0 10 20 30 40 Sao Tome and Princape GCise a-Ban..u Rwa ada - Mozam bique Cape Verde Madagasa Mauritania Malt Niger Eritrea DJibo uti Za mibia Sierra Leone B nrkini Fas oi Comoroo Malawl Chad B urund, Uganda Tanzania Gambia The Congo Realn Ethio pla Central African Repabhic Senegal Ghana Guinea Togo Angola Eqoato rial Guinea Camero.n Namibia Kenya Co te d ho Ire Zimbabwe Conggo Democrtilc RepabIlk Egypt. Arab Rep. Bot-_aa Seycbelles Swaziland S adan More o Tunis ia Gabo. Ma-rMin Nigenm AIgeAla South Afnca * Or most recent year available Aid Flows 303 Figure 12-2. Total net ODA per capita, 2001* (U.S. dollars) 0 20 40 60 80 100 Sao Tome and Pnacipe Cape Verde _ I _ Seychelles Mauritana, ra_ _ _ Djib oti _ _ _ _ _ _ r _T E nS re a Sierrs Leone Nasibia II Monaibaqae - Corn rnsm Gulnea-BIs san Senegal Benia Tunis ia Malawi Gainbi The| Znmbin Guinen a Tanzania Uganda Burkina Faso Rwanda Ghana Mali Equatoeial Guinea Swaziland I Lenotho Cameroan Chad U Niger Madagascar Central Afncan Republic Ango ln Egypi Arab Rep. B uruadi Mauritius Morocco Boats wan Ethio pta So ialia Kenya Z hmbabwwe, Lube na Cute d I,o ire Togo South Afnca Gahbon A ge flu _ S udan Congo De-oc-tic Republic Libya Nigeria * Or most recent year available 304 Aid Flows Technical notes Tabiles Agricultural Development, Arab/OPEC-financed multilateral agencies, and UN programs and agencies Table 12-1. Net ODA from all donors, nominal. (OECD data). The UN programs and agencies include This table represents the total of Tables 12-2 through mainly the UN regular program of Technical Assis- 12-4. tance, the UN Development Programme (UNDP), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the UN Table 12-2. Net ODA from DAC donors, nominal. Children's Fund (UNICEF), and the World Food This table (OECD data) includes net ODA from Aus- Programme. Arab/OPEC-financed multilateral agen- tralia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, cies include the Arab Bank for Economic Develop- France, the Federal Republic of Germany before re- ment in Africa, the Arab Fund for Economic and So- unification, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, cial Development (AFESD), the Islamic Development Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the Bank, the OPEC Fund for International Development, United States (OECD data). (Ireland and New Zealand the Arab Authority for Agricultural Investment and have been excluded in compilation because their ODA Development, the Arab Fund for Technical Assistance to Africa is negligible.) to African and Arab Countrnes, and the Islamic Soli- darity Fund. ODA flows from the IMF Trust Fund Table 12-3. Net ODA from non-DAC bilateral and Structural Adjustment Facility (SAF) are also in- donors, nominal. This is net ODA from Organiza- cluded. tion of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), the former Council for Mutual Economic Assistance Tables 12-5, 12-6, 12-7, and 12-8. Net ODA from (CMEA) countries, and China (OECD data). OPEC all donors, from DAC donors, from non-DAC bi- countries are Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Ni- lateral donors, and from multilateral donors, real geria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, (OECD data). and Venezuela. The former CMEA countries are Bul- garia, Czechoslovakia, the former GermanDemocratic Tables 12-9, 12-10, and 12-11. Net ODA from all Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the former donors, from DAC donors, and from multilateral Soviet Union. donors as a share of recipient GDP. These tables show the relative importance of these aid flows to re- Table 12-4. Net ODA from multilateral donors, cipients' economies. They are obtained by dividing nominal. This includes net ODA (OECD data), most figures in Tables 12-1, 12-2, and 12-4 by GDP data notably from the African Development Fund, the Eu- from Table 2-5, which reflect current prices and ex- ropean Development Fund for the Commission of the change rates. For a given level of aid flows, devalua- European Communities, the International Develop- tion of a recipient's currency may inflate the ratios ment Association (IDA), the International Fund for Aid Flows 305 shown in the table. Thus, trends for a given country tilateral donors. These are calculated by dividing and comparisons across countries that have imple- figures in Tables 12-1, 12-2, and 12-4 by midyear mented different exchange rate policies should be in- population (Table 1-2). These ratios offer some indi- terpreted carefully. cation of the importance of aid flows in sustaining per capita income and consumption levels (shown in Tables 12-12,12-13, and 12-14. Net ODA from all Tables 2-19 and 2-20, respectively), although com- donors, from DAC donors, and from multilateral parisons must be done carefully because exchange donors as a share of recipient GDI. These tables are rate fluctuations, the actual rise of ODA flows, and obtained by dividing figures in Tables 12-1, 12-2, and other factors vary across countries and over time. 12-4 by GDI (World Bank country desks). These tables highlight the relative importance of the mdi- Figures cated aid flows in maintaining and increasing invest- ment in these economies. The same caveats mentioned The following indicators have been used to derive the above apply to their interpretation. Furthermore, aid figures in this chapter. flows do not exclusively finance investment (for ex- ample, food aid finances consumption), and the share Figure 12-1. Total net ODA as a share of recipient of ODA going to investment varies across countries. GDP (Table 12-9). Tables 12-15, 12-16, and 12-17. Net ODA per capita from all donors, from DAC donors, and from mul- Figure 12-2.Total net ODA per capita (Table 12-15). 306 Aid Flows Methodology used for regional aggregations and period averages in chapter 12 Aggregations a Period averages b Table (1) (2) (1) (2) 12-1 x x 12-2 x x 12-3 x x 12-4 x x 12-5 x x 12-6 x x 12-7 x x 12-8 x x 12-9 x x 12-10 x x 12-11 x x 12-12 x x 12-13 x x 12-14 x x 12-15 x x 12-16 x x 12-17 x x Note Regional aggregations are shown in the rows for Sub-Saharan Afnca, North Afnca, and All Afnca Penod averages are shown in the last three columns This table shows only the methodologies used in this chapter a Regional aggregations (I) simple total, (2) simple total of the first ndicator divided by the simple total of the second indicator (same county coverage), (3) simple total of the gap-filled indicator, (4) simple total of the gap-filled main indicator divided by the simple total of the gap-filled secondary indicator, (5) simple total of the first gap-filled main indicator less the simple total of the second gap-filled main indicator, all divided by the simple total of the secondary indicator, (6) weighted total (by population), (7) median, (8) no aggregation; (9) simple anithmetic mean b Penod averages (I) anthmetic mean (using the same senes as shown in the table i e., ratio if the rest of the table is shown as ratio, level if the rest of the table Is shown as level, growth rate if the rest is shown as growth rate), (2) least-squares growth rate (using main indicator), (3) least-squares growth rate (using main indicator in constant terms, with the rest of the table in current terms) 13 Social Indicators T his chapter provides indicators in the areas of Even when data are available, companson among demography, health, education, and gender is- countries is limited due to varied practices in data gath- sues in development. These indicators can be ering and reporting. Often the countries report survey useful in evaluating and monitoring the social impact data that cover different portions of the nation. Some- of development progress, aid flows, and structural times surveys are limited to just the urban areas to adjustment policies. cover only the largest cities or the capital city alone. The chapter presents such indicators as dependency This is especially true of the health indicators. Such ratio, urbanization, crude death rate, life expectancy indicators as immunization rates for children under at birth, infant mortality rate, child mortality rate, one year of age, percentage of births attended by health immunization rates for children, maternal death rate, personnel, infant mortality rate, child mortality rate, and number of population per physician. These indi- and maternal death rate are often based on surveys of cators are an indirect measure of the physical well a handful of hospitals in the urban areas. being of the population. In the same vein, such indi- Another source of limitation is the definition of cators as literacy rate among adults, school enrollment terms, which may differ from country to country. ratios by gender, and pupil-teacher ratio give some Some countries, for example, consider an institution picture of the progress being made in education and as a "private school" only if it receives no form of training. Social indicators refer to phenomena that are financial support from the government, while others inherently more qualitative than macroeconomic vari- classify as "private" all schools not run by the gov- ables and thus need to be interpreted cautiously. Fur- emient, whether or not they receive financial sup- ther caution is called for because of the particular limi- port from the government. In like manner, tations of the data. One of these limitations is the pau- some countries include personnel other than doctors city-or even nonexistence-of data on certain indi- and trained nurses in the term "medical personnel." cators in many of the countries covered. This is espe- Cultural norms may also affect the reported data. cially true of indicators dealing with gender issues. This is especially true for gender issues. In some coun- Many countries have no data showing the gender tnes, it is assumed that no woman can be the head of breakdown of several social indicators. any household that also contains an adult male. In 307 308 Social Indicators population censuses, therefore, enumerators and re- a number of institutions and agencies in the socio- spondents simply take such assumptions for granted, economic field, such as the United Nations, UNICEF, reporting a male rather than a female as head of the UNESCO, World Health Organization (WHO), the household or family (see United Nations, The World's UNDP, UNAIDS, and the ECA. Other sources of data Women, 1970-90). This distorts the true picture of also include reports and publications on children, the percentage of households headed by women. health, human development, education, and popula- The main source for this chapter is the World De- tion from various agencies including the World Bank. velopment Indicators in the World Bank Statistical In this chapter, columns headed by a period (for Information Management Analysis Database (SIMA), example, 1995-99) show data for the latest available which contains electronic information as reported by year within the period. Social Indicators 309 13-1. Age and gender structure of the population Females as percentage Age groups as percentage of total population Age dependency of total population 1980 2001 ratio 1980 2001 0-14 15-64 65+ 0-14 15-64 65+ 1980 2000 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 50 4 s0. 1 45 5 51,6 2.9 44 0 .52 8 2 9 0 9 0 9 excludtng South Africa 50 4 50 0 45 8 51.3 2.9 448 52.1 2 9 1 0 0 9 "exl S.Afrca& Njgerna 50.6 50.1 45.9 512z 2.9 44.8 52 1 2.9 1 0 0.9 Angola 50 8 50 5 44 6 52 4 2 9 47 9 49 3 2 8 0 9 1 0 Benin 50 7 50 7 45 1 50 8 4 1 45 8 51 4 2 7 1 0 0 9 Botswana 52 2 50 9 48 7 49 3 2 0 39 8 52 9 2 5 1 0 0 8 Burkina Faso 51 7 51 4 48 6 48 3 3 1 48 3 48 5 3 0 1 0 1 0 Burundi 51 9 51 3 44 7 51 8 3 5 46 8 50 4 2 7 0 9 0 9 Cameroon 50 6 50 2 44 3 52 1 3 6 43 2 53 2 3 6 0 9 0 9 Cape Verde 54 1 53 2 46 0 47 9 6 1 39 7 57 3 4 5 11 0 8 Ccntral African Republic 51 9 51 2 41 7 54 4 4 0 42 7 53 6 3 8 0 8 0 9 Chad 50 9 50 5 44 3 52 2 3 4 46 6 50 4 3 0 0 8 1 2 Comoros 50 3 50 0 48 2 49 3 2 6 42 5 54 7 2 7 1 0 0 9 Congo, Democratic Rep Of 51 1 50 4 46 0 51 2 2 8 48 5 48 7 2 8 1 0 1 0 Congo, Republic of 51 2 51 0 451 51 5 3 4 46 2 50 6 3 2 0 9 1 0 C6tedIPvoire 48 5 48 9 45 8 51 8 2 4 41 7 54 8 2 9 1 0 089 Djibouti 53 3 52 8 419 56 2 1 9 42 4 54 2 3 2 0 9 0 8 Equatonal Guinea 51 0 50 6 4 11 54 8 4 2 43 4 52 6 3 9 0 8 0 9 Entrea 50 4 50 3 44 2 53 1 2 6 44 1 53 0 2 8 0 9 Ethiopia 50 5 50 2 44 5 52 8 2 7 45 3 51 8 2 8 0 9 1 0 Gabon 50 8 so05 34 3 59 4 6 3 40 0 54 0 5 7 0 7 0 8 Gambia, The 50 7 50 5 42 6 54 5 2 8 40 6 55 7 3 1 0 8 0 9 Ghana 50 4 50 2 45 8 51 4 2 8 40 5 55 8 3 2 0 9 0 8 Guinea 50 1 49 7 45 3 52 0 2 6 43 7 53 5 2 7 0 9 0 9 Guinea-Bissau 50 8 50 7 41 1 55 3 3 7 43 2 53 2 3 7 0 8 0 9 Kenya 50 3 50 1 50 1 47 0 2 9 42 7 54 2 2 7 I1 0 9 Lesotho 51 3 50 4 41 4 54 9 3 7 39 0 56 6 4 1 0 9 0 8 Libena 49 5 49 7 44 3 52 0 3 7 43 0 54 1 2 8 0 9 0 9 Madagascar 50 3 50 2 44 7 52 2 3 0 44 4 52 4 3 0 0 9 0 9 Malawi 51 6 50 4 47 5 50 2 2 3 45 9 51 2 2 8 1 0 0 9 Mali 51 2 50 5 46 8 50 7 2 6 46 2 49 9 3 7 1 0 1 0 Maunitania 50 7 50 4 43 7 53 2 3 0 43 6 52 8 3 1 0 9 0 9 Maunitius 50 7 50 2 35 6 60 8 3 6 25 2 68 3 6 3 0 6 0 5 Mozambique 50 8 50 7 44 1 52 7 3 2 43 1 53 4 3 2 0 9 0 9 Nwmibia 51 4 50 5 45 6 50 8 3 6 42 9 52 9 3 7 0 9 089 Nigcr 50 1 49 8 49 2 48 6 2 2 49 7 48 2 2 1 1 0 1 1 Nigena 50 0 49 8 45 2 51 9 2 9 44 7 52 2 2 9 1 0 0 9 Rwanda 50 6 50 5 48 8 48 8 2 4 44 3 53 3 2 4 1 0 0 8 S8o Tom6 and Principe 0 0 0 0 0 0 39 1 54 3 6 6 0 8 Senegal 50 0 50 2 45 3 51.8 2 8 44 2 53 1 2 5 0 9 0 9 Seychelles 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 1 64 3 7 3 0 6 Sierra Leone 51 0 50 8 43 0 53 9 3 1 44 1 53 2 2 8 0 9 0 9 Somalia 50 6 50 4 46 7 50 4 2 9 48 0 49 5 2 4 1 0 1 0 South Africa 50 3 50 9 41 8 55 1 3 1 33 1 62 7 3 7 0 7 0 6 Sudan 49 9 49 7 44 3 52 8 2 9 39 9 57 0 3 4 0 9 0 7 Swaziland 50 9 50 8 45.9 51 1 2 9 41 3 54 8 3 3 1 0 0 8 Tanzania 50 8 50 4 47 6 50 1 2 3 44 7 52 7 2 4 1 0 0 9 Togo 50 6 50 3 45 7 51 2 3 0 44 0 52 3 3 0 0 9 0 9 Uganda 50 3 50 1 47 9 49 6 2 5 49 0 48 5 2 3 1 0 1 0 Zambia 50 4 49 8 47 5 49 8 2 6 45 7 51 1 2 7 1 1 0 9 Zimbabwe 50 3 49 9 48 4 48 6 3 0 43 1 52 8 3 0 1 0 0 8 NORTH AFRICA 49 5 49.4 42.2 53 9 3 9 34 0 61.7 4 3 0 9 0.6 Algenia 50 4 49 3 46 5 49 6 3 9 34 9 61 5 4 1 1 0 0 7 Egypt, Arab Republic 49 2 49 3 39 5 56 5 4 0 34 4 61 2 4 2 0 8 0 6 Libya 47 1 48 2 46 7 51 1 2 2 34 1 62 4 3 4 1 0 0 7 Morocco 49 9 49 9 43 2 52 7 4 1 33 8 61 9 4 2 0 9 0 6 Tunisia 49 3 49 5 41 6 54 6 3 8 29 4 64 8 5 9 0 8 0 6 ALL AFRICA 50.3 49 9 44.9 52.0 3.11 42 3 54 3 3.2 0 9 0.8 Note Some age groups may noi add up to 100 due to rounding up ereor 310 Social Indicators 13-2. Poverty Percentage of National poverty % of the population below Percentage GDP per capita, population living headcount as % 2/3 of national mean per Gini coefficients, of household based on PPP, under US$ I a day, of population, capita income, 1991-1999 1991-1997 income spent on 2001 1985-1999 1984-2000 Urban Rural Urban Rural food, 1991-1999 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA . 22 37 64 excluding South Afnea 22 37 64 cxcl S Africa& Nigena 22 37 64 Angola 1,866 Benin 1,041 33 Botswana 8,196 33 Burkina Faso 1,025 61 45 13 65 38 46 57 Burundi 598 36 Cameroon 1,772 33 40 55 Cape Verde 4,902 Central Afncan Republic 1,184 67 33 77 51 63 60 Chad 938 64 Comoros 1,607 Congo, Democratic Rep of Congo, Republic of 767 C6te d'lvoire 1,568 12 37 29 51 39 33 48 Djibouti 2,077 45 38 84 38 39 43 Equatonal Guinea 22,901 Entrea 803 53 Ethiopia 717 31 44 21 50 56 40 72 Gabon 6,310 Gambia, The 1,730 59 64 21 73 43 35 60 Ghana 2,054 45 31 22 37 34 36 39 Guinea 2,052 40 18 57 56 Guinea-Bissau 771 49 30 65 55 56 Kenya 1,032 27 42 14 53 51 52 71 Lesotho 2,093 43 49 Libena Madagascar 889 49 71 21 57 70 Malawi 631 65 57 Mali 935 73 8 64 53 55 75 Mauritania 1,783 29 46 18 56 34 33 70 Mauntius 10,400 11 Mozambique 1,110 38 69 Namibia 6,650 35 Niger 776 61 63 14 55 39 31 60 Nigena 898 70 34 32 52 44 46 67 Rwanda 1,007 36 51 Sao Tome and Pnncipe Senegal 1,583 26 33 14 66 61 Seychelles Sieria Leone 474 57 68 50 Somalia South Afnca 9,565 12 40 86 56 Sudan 1,878 Swaztland 4,586 40 36 70 65 Tanzania 545 20 42 20 51 70 Togo 1,449 32 Uganda 1,255 55 16 46 35 44 63 Zambia 820 64 73 28 70 40 46 64 Zimbabwe 2,406 36 35 NORTH AFRICA Algena 5,319 2 23 Egypt, Arab Republic 3,750 3 17 Libya Morocco 3,787 2 19 Tunisia 6,769 2 8 ALL AFRICA 22 37 ,, 64 Social Indicators 311 13-3. Income distribution Share of income held by population groups Richest 10% Richest 20% Poorest 10% Poorest 20% 1986-99 1986-99 1986-99 1986-99 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA excluding South Africa exci S. Africa&Nigena Angola Benin Botswana 42 9 58 9 14 22 Burkina Faso 46 8 60 4 2 0 4 5 Burundi 32 9 48 0 1 8 5 1 Cameroon 36 6 531 19 4 6 Cape Verde Central Afncan Republic 47 7 65 0 0 7 2 0 Chad Comoros Congo, Democratic Rep of Congo, Republic of C6te d'lvoire 28 8 44 3 3 1 7 1 Djibouti 29 9 45 4 2 3 6 3 Equatonal Guinea Entrea Ethiopia 33 8 47 7 3 0 Gabon Gambia, The 38 2 55 3 16 4 0 Ghana 301 46 7 2 2 5 6 Guinea 32 0 47 2 2 6 6 4 Guinea-Bissau 42 3 58 9 0 5 5 2 Kenya 361 512 2 4 5 6 Lesotho 441 62 2 10 14 Libena Madagascar 28 6 44 8 2 6 6 4 Malawi 4 9 Mali 40 4 56 2 1 8 4 6 Mauntania 28 4 441 2 5 64 Mauntius Mozambique 31 7 46 5 2 5 6 5 Namibia 65 0 78 3 0 6 1 4 Niger 35 4 53 3 0 8 2 6 Nigena 40 8 55 7 16 4 4 Rwanda Sao Tome and Pnncipe Senegal 33 5 48.2 2 6 6 4 Seychelles SierraLeone 43 5 63 4 0 5 1 1 Somalia South Afnca 45 9 64 8 1 1 2 0 Sudan Swaziland 50 2 64 4 1 0 2 7 Tanzania 301 45 5 2 8 6 8 Togo Uganda 29 8 44 9 3 0 71 Zambia 410 56 6 1 1 3 3 Zimbabwe 40 4 55 7 2 0 4 6 NORTH AFRICA Algena 26 8 42 6 2 8 7 0 Egypt, Arab Republic 25 0 39 0 4 4 8 6 Libya Morocco 30 9 46 6 2 6 6 5 Tunisia 318 47 9 2 3 5 7 ALL AFRICA 312 Social Indicators 13-4. Urbanization Total population Average annual percentage Urban population as per- Average annual percentage (millions) growth of totalpopulation centage of total population growth of urban population 1980 1990 2001 1975-1979 1980-1990 1990-2001 1980 1990 2001 1975-1979 1980-1990 1990-2001 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 312.0 5091 674 5 2 9 2 9 2 6 23 0 27 9 34 8 5 0 4 9 4 7 excludingSouthAfrca 354,5 4739 631.3 30 29 27 21.1 263 33.2 55 53 49 excl S Afnca &Nigeria 283,3 377 7 501,4 3 0 2 9 2 6 19 6 241 30 2 5 4 5 1 4 8 Angola 71 96 135 25 32 31 209 276 348 59 61 54 Benin 35 47 64 25 3 1 29 273 345 430 73 56 50 Botswana 0 9 1 3 1 7 3 6 3 5 2 8 18 5 42 3 49 4 117 12 5 4 0 BurkinaFaso 70 89 116 23 25 24 85 136 169 78 76 45 Buwundi 41 55 69 21 28 22 43 63 93 84 68 59 Cameroon 87 116 152 29 29 25 314 403 497 66 55 45 CapeVerde 03 03 04 07 16 25 235 442 633 26 81 62 Central Afncan Republic 2 3 2 9 3 8 2 3 2 5 2 4 35 1 37 5 41 7 3 3 3 2 3 4 Chad 45 57 79 20 26 30 188 210 242 62 38 43 Comoros 03 04 06 00 06 26 232 279 338 00 06 44 Congo, Democratic Rep of 26 9 37 0 52 4 3.0 3 2 3 3 28.7 27 9 30 8 2 4 3 0 41 Congo, Republic of 17 2 2 31 2 9 2 9 3 1 42 0 55 7 66 0 6 3 6 0 4 7 Coted'Ivoire 82 118 164 40 37 31 347 398 440 59 52 40 Djibouti 03 05 06 79 42 29 742 810 842 96 51 33 Equatonal Gwnea 0 2 0 4 0 5 -2 7 5 3 2 6 27 4 35 7 49 2 -2 5 8 0 5 7 Entrea 24 31 42 27 28 27 138 158 191 43 42 45 Ethiopia 377 512 658 27 30 23 105 127 159 48 50 44 Gabon 07 09 13 32 30 28 496 681 822 79 65 46 Gambia,The 06 09 13 32 37 34 196 249 313 62 62 56 Ghana 107 151 197 17 35 24 312 335 364 25 42 32 Guinea 45 58 76 13 25 26 191 234 280 46 47 42 Guinea-Bissau 0 8 0 9 1 2 3 7 2 3 2 3 17 3 23 8 32 3 5 3 5 5 5 3 Kenya 166 234 307 38 35 26 161 240 343 84 78 60 Lesotho 14 17 21 22 22 19 134 201 287 67 64 54 Liberia 19 24 32 31 27 25 350 420 455 61 47 33 Madagascar 89 116 160 26 27 30 185 236 301 52 52 53 Malawi 62 85 105 33 33 20 91 116 151 71 58 45 Mali 66 85 111 22 25 25 185 238 309 48 51 50 Mauntania 16 20 27 25 25 29 277 440 590 93 75 58 Mauntiusa 10 1 1 12 16 09 12 424 405 416 13 05 13 Mozambique 121 14 2 181 2 8 1 7 2 2 131 21 1 33 2 11 6 6 8 6 6 Namibia 10 14 18 20 32 24 228 266 314 40 49 40 Niger 56 77 112 31 32 35 126 161 211 68 58 60 Nigena 711 962 1299 30 31 28 269 350 449 59 59 52 Rwanda 52 70 87 33 3 1 20 47 53 63 69 45 35 S5o Tome and Pnncipe 01 01 0 2 12 2 5 2 6 30 8 391 47 6 4 0 5 0 4 5 Senegal 55 73 98 29 28 27 357 400 481 37 40 44 Seychelles 01 0 1 01 1 7 0 8 1 5 40 8 53 5 64 5 6 0 3 7 3 3 SierraLeone 32 40 51 20 21 23 241 300 373 47 44 44 Somalia 65 72 91 101 04 20 222 242 279 111 13 33 SouthAfnca 276 352 432 22 25 20 481 488 576 22 26 35 Sudan 193 248 317 30 26 23 200 266 370 43 55 55 Swaziland 06 08 1 1 32 31 31 178 238 267 87 63 42 Tanzania 186 255 344 31 32 28 148 217 332 114 74 70 Togo 25 35 47 18 33 27 229 285 339 86 58 44 Uganda 128 163 228 28 23 31 88 112 145 38 48 56 Zambia 57 78 103 34 31 26 398 394 398 63 31 27 Zimbabwe 71 102 128 31 37 21 223 284 360 59 63 44 NORTR AFRICA 884 114.0 1403 2.6 2.6 1.9 446 48.8 52.2 36 3.5 26 Algena 187 250 308 31 30 20 435 514 577 45 48 31 Egypt, ArabRepublic 409 52 4 65 2 2 3 2 5 2 0 43 8 43 6 42 7 2 6 2 5 18 Libya 30 43 54 44 38 20 693 818 879 77 56 27 Morocco 19 4 24 0 29 2 2 3 2 2 1 8 413 48 4 56 1 4 1 3 8 3 2 Tunisia 64 82 97 25 25 16 515 579 661 34 37 29 ALL AFRICA 470.4 6231 814.8 2 8 2 9 2 5 27 1 317 37.8 4 5 4 5 4 2 Social Indicators 313 13-5. Components of population change Total fertility rate Crude birth rate Crude death rate 1982 1992 2000 1982 1992 2000 1982 1992 2000 SUB-SAHARAN AnRCA 66 5 9 5 2 46 5 43.3 39 5 170 154 16 8 excluding South Africa 6 8 6 1 5 4 47 3 44,2 40 4 17,5 15 9 16 8 exci S Africa &Nigeria 6 8 6 2 5 4 46 8 44 4 40 6 176 164 17 0 Angola 7 0 7 2 6 6 50 8 50 8 47 5 22 8 19 2 18 8 - Benin 70 6 5 5 5 49 3 43 9 39 4 18 1 15 3 13 0 Botswana 60 4 8 4 0 44 1 36 8 32 0 9 5 8 0 19 9 Burkina Faso 7 5 6 9 6 5 46 9 47 3 43 8 19 9 183 192 Burundi 6 8 6 8 6 0 46 2 46 2 40 2 17 9 21 5 19 9 Cameroon 64 5 7 4 8 43 9 40 6 37 0 157 12 8 14 2 Cape Verde 61 5 2 3 7 38 4 36 0 34 0 11 3 7 6 5 8 Central Afncan Republic 57 5 3 4 7 42 4 39 6 36 1 18 6 17 4 19 5 Chad 7 1 6 9 6 4 44 2 47 0 44 9 21 4 182 16 3 Comoros 7 2 52 4 3 45 5 37 0 33 2 16 8 10 2 8 2 Congo, Democratic Rep of 6 7 6 7 61 47 9 47 7 45 7 15 2 15 0 16 6 Congo,Republic of 6 3 6 3 6 0 43 9 44 6 42 5 15 6 14 9 14 1 Cate dlvoire 7 4 5 7 4 8 50 1 38 9 36 9 16 0 14 9 16 8 Djibouti 6 6 5 8 5 3 44 2 39 0 36 7 191 16 2 17 8 Equatonal Guinea 5 8 59 5 7 43 3 43 5 40 8 211 18 0 15 5 Entrea 7 5 61 5 4 42 4 387 164 12 9 Ethiopia 7 0 6 8 5 6 48 0 49 0 43 8 221 20 2 20 1 Gabon 4 5 5 2 4 2 33 1 36 6 35 5 181 16 1 15 5 Gamnbia, The 6 5 60 5 0 48 2 43 5 39 3 231 19 2 13 2 Ghana 6 5 5 3 4 2 45 0 36 6 29 6 131 10 2 1III Guinea 6 2 5 7 5 2 46 8 45 0 39 0 23 5 19 0 16 9 Guiinea-Bissau 6 0 6 0 5 8 45 2 45 0 41 5 24 8 21 7 20 0 Kenya 7 7 5 2 4 4 49 7 36 1 34 5 12 1 94 14 2 Lesotho 5 3 5 0 44 38 9 36 4 32 7 13 8 113 17 0 Libena 6 8 6 8 6 0 47 0 48 2 44 0 16 7 24 8 17 2 Madagascar 66 6 0 5 4 46 5 45 9 40 0 . 15 5 12 6 12 1 Malawi 76 67 6 3 53 5 50 2 45 8 21 6 22 1 24 2 Mali 7 1 6 8 6 3 49 0 51 1 46 2 21 6 188 20 0 Mauntania 6 3 6 1 5 7 42 3 43 9 41 6 185 16 2 14 5 Mauntius 2 5 2 3 2 0 22 2 20 4 17 0 6 0 67 6 7 Mozambique 6 5 63 5 I 45 7 44 9 40 3 20 1 186 20 5 Namibia 5 8 5 3 5 0 40 3 38 5 35 6 13 5 11 8 17 1 Niger 80 74 7 2 56 5 55 3 50 6 24 2 22 0 19 3 Nigena 69 5 9 5 3 49 6 43 3 39 6 17 1 14 2 162 Rwanda 8 1 66 5 9 50 4 40 0 44 5 18 6 26 6 21 6 S5o Tm6 and Pnncipe 4 9 4 5 38 7 43 0 31 4 10 2 9 0 9 2 Senegal 6 7 6 0 5 1 47 2 41 4 36 6 19 5 14 8 12 7 Seychelles 3 5 2 7 2 1 24 1 22 9 18 5 7 4 7 2 6 9 Sierra Leone 6 5 6 5 5 8 48 9 49 1 44 4 28 5 29 8 23 4 Somalia 7 3 7 3 7 1 51 8 52 1 50 9 22 0 25 1 17 5 South Africa 4 2 3 2 2 9 35 5 31 2 25 8 III 8 8 16 0 Sudan 6 0 5 3 4 6 41 5 37 9 34 3 15 8 13 4 11 5 Swaziland 6 0 5!1 4 4 43 1 40 2 35 8 13 7 10 7 14 9 Tanzania 6 7 6 1 5 3 46 5 42 8 39 4 14 8 13 5 17 2 Togo 6 9 6 6 5 0 45 0 41 6 36 7 15 8 15 5 15 0 Uganda 7 3 6 9 6 2 49 1 50 2 45 4 17 6 18 2 19 2 Zamnbia 6 9 6 2 5 3 49 0 44 6 40 0 1489 15 1 21 4 Zimbabwe 6 2 4 3 3 8 43 0 35 5 29 8 11 8 10 9 17 7 NORTH AFRICA 5 4 3.8 3 1 38.9 28 1 24 2 11 6 7.4 6 1 Algena 6 3 4 0 3 2 40 6 28 2 24 8 10 7 6 0 5 4 Egypt, Arab Republic 5 I 3 8 3 3 39 1 28 5 25 0 12 7 8 6 6 5 Libya 7 2 4 1 3 5 45 6 28 8 26 6 10 9 4 6 4 6 Morocco 5 1 3 8 2 9 37 3 28 2 23 8 11 4 7 5 6 4 Tunisia 4 9 3 2 2 1 33 7 24 9 17 1 8 4 5 5 5 6 ALL AFRICA 6.4 5 5 489 45 1 40.5 36 8 16 0 14 0 14 9 314 Social Indicators 13-6. Survival prospects Life expectancy Infant mortality Mortality of children under Maternal mortality at birth (years) (per thousand) 5 years (per thousand) (per 100,000 live births) 1985 2000 1985 2000 2000 1999 orMR available SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 49 47 107 91 162 1086 excludingSouth Africa 4S 46 110 92 165 1149 exci S.Africa &Nigena 49 46 115 95 169 1163 Angola 43 47 142 128 208 1300 Benin 50 53 114 87 143 880 Botswana 60 39 61 58 99 480 BurkinaFaso 45 44 117 104 206 1400 Bunundi 47 42 116 102 176 1900 Cameroon 52 50 88 76 155 720 Cape Verde 63 69 78 37 48 55 Central Afncan Republic 47 43 108 96 152 1200 Chad 44 48 118 101 188 1500 Comoros 52 61 96 60 80 950 Congo, Democratic Rep of 51 46 104 85 163 940 Congo, Republic of 51 51 87 68 106 1100 Cote dlvoire 51 46 101 III 180 1200 Djlbouti 46 46 126 115 178 570 Equatonal Guinea 45 51 131 102 167 820 Entrea 46 52 94 60 103 1100 Ethiopia 44 42 143 98 179 1800 Gabon 50 53 88 58 89 620 Gambia, The 45 53 137 73 1100 Ghana 55 57 85 58 112 590 Guinea 42 46 137 95 161 1200 Guinea-Bissau 41 45 156 126 211 910 Kenya 57 47 64 78 120 1300 Lesotho 56 44 111 91 143 530 Libena 53 47 139 III 185 560 Madagascar 52 55 117 88 144 580 Malawi 46 39 147 103 193 580 Mali 45 42 158 120 218 630 Mauntania 48 52 116 101 164 870 Mauntius 68 72 26 16 20 45 Mozambique 44 42 135 129 200 980 Namibia 55 47 74 62 112 370 Niger 44 46 137 114 248 920 Nigena 47 47 90 84 153 1100 Rwanda 48 40 119 123 203 2300 SAo Tome and Pnncipe 65 77 46 62 Senegal 47 52 98 60 129 1200 Seychelles 69 72 19 9 14 Sierra Leone 36 39 185 154 267 2100 Somalia 44 48 136 117 195 1600 South Afnca 59 48 60 63 79 340 Sudan 50 56 107 81 1500 Swaziland 54 46 88 89 119 560 Tanzania 51 44 108 93 149 1100 Togo 51 49 91 75 142 980 Uganda 48 42 116 83 161 1100 Zambia 50 38 103 115 186 870 Zimbabwe 56 40 60 69 116 610 NORTH AFRICA 61 69 79 39 49 205 Algena 64 71 67 33 39 150 Egypt, Arab Republic 59 67 91 42 52 170 Libya 65 71 41 26 32 120 Morocco 61 67 79 47 60 390 Tunisia 65 72 55 26 30 70 ALL AFRICA 51 50 103 85 148 916 Social Indicators 315 13-7. HIV/AIDS estimates and data, end 2001 Estimated Estimated number ofpeople living with HI VIAIDS AIDS Orphans AIDS deaths Adults and Adults Adult rate Women Children Orphans (0-14), Adults and children (15-49) (NO) (15-49) (0-14) currently living Children SUB.SAHARAN AFRUCA 28,459,000 25,626,100 8.4 14,784,050 2,613,280 10,909,900 2,189,920 excluding South Afnca 23,459,000 20,926,100 7.4 12,084,050 2,363,280 10,249,900 1,829,920 cxcl S Africa& Nigeria 19,959,000 17,726,100 7.7 10,384,050 2,093,280 9,249,900 1,659,920 Angola 350,000 320,000 5 5 190,000 37,000 100,000 24,000 Benm 120,000 110,000 36 67,000 12,000 34,000 8,100 Botswana 330,000 300,000 38 8 170,000 28,000 69,000 26,000 Burkina Faso 440,000 380,000 6 5 220,000 61,000 270,000 44,000 Bunidn 390,000 330,000 8 3 190,000 55,000 240,000 40,000 Cameroon 920,000 860,000 11 8 500,000 69,000 210,000 53,000 Cape Verde Central Afncan Republic 250,000 220,000 12 9 130,000 25,000 110,000 22,000 Chad 150,000 130,000 3 6 76,000 18,000 72,000 14,000 Comoros Congo, Democratic Rep of 1,300,000 1,100,000 49 670,000 170,000 930,000 120,000 Congo, Republic of 110,000 99,000 7 2 59,000 15,000 78,000 11,000 C8te dIvoire 770,000 690,000 9 7 400,000 84,000 420,000 75,000 Djibouti Equatonal Gunea 5,900 5,500 3 4 3,000 420 370 Entrea 55,000 49,000 2 8 30,000 4,000 24,000 350 Ethiopia 2,100,000 1,900,000 6 4 1,100,000 230,000 990,000 160,000 Gabon Gambia, The 8,400 7,900 1 6 4,400 460 5,300 400 Ghana 360,000 330,000 3 0 170,000 34,000 200,000 28,000 Guinea Guinea-Bissau 17,000 16,000 28 9,300 1,500 4,300 1,200 Kenya 2,500,000 2,300,000 15 0 1,400,000 220,000 890,000 190,000 Lesotho 360,000 330,000 31 0 180,000 27,000 73,000 25,000 Libena Madagascar 22,000 21,000 03 12,000 1,000 6,300 Malawi 850,000 780,000 15 0 440,000 65,000 470,000 80,000 Mail 110,000 100,000 1 7 54,000 13,000 70,000 11,000 Mauntama Mauntius 700 700 0 1 350 Mozambique 1,100,000 1,000,000 13 0 630,000 80,000 420,000 60,000 Namibia 230,000 200,000 225 110,000 30,000 47,000 13,000 Niger Nigena 3,500,000 3,200,000 5 8 1,700,000 270,000 1,000,000 170,000 Rwanda 500,000 430,000 8 9 250,000 65,000 260,000 49,000 Sao Tome and Pnncipe Senegal 27,000 24,000 0 5 14,000 2,900 15,000 2,500 Seychelles Sienra Leone 170,000 150,000 7 0 90,000 16,000 42,000 11,000 Somalia 43,000 43,000 1 0 South Afnca 5,000,000 4,700,000 20 1 2,700,000 250,000 660,000 360,000 Sudan 450,000 410,000 2 6 230,000 30,000 62,000 23,000 Swaziland 170,000 150,000 33 4 89,000 14,000 35,000 12,000 Tanzania 1,500,000 1,300,000 78 750,000 170,000 810,000 140,000 Togo 150,000 130,000 6 0 76,000 15,000 63,000 12,000 Uganda 600,000 510,000 5 0 280,000 110,000 880,000 84,000 Zambia 1,200,000 1,000,000 21 5 590,000 150,000 570,000 120,000 Zimbabwe 2,300,000 2,000,000 33 7 1,200,000 240,000 780,000 200,000 NORTH AFRICA .. 41,000 0.05 . Algena 13,000 Egypt, Arab Republic 8,000 8,000 <0 1 780 Libya 7,000 7,000 0 2 1,100 Morocco 13,000 13,000 0 1 2,000 Tunisia ALL AFRICA 28,487,000 25,667,100 6.7 14,787,930 2,613,280 10,909,900 2,1S9,920 316 Social Indicators 13-8. Immunization and ORT use Percentage of children (0-1 year) immunized against ORT use among the DPT Measles underfive (percent) 1986 1995 1999* 1986 1995 1999* 1992-93 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 32 54 49 39 54 54 excluding South Afnica 29 53 47 38 53 52 50 excl S Afnca&Nigena 31 59 54 40 55 55 Angola 10 24 22 44 46 46 48 Benmn 17 67 79 21 65 79 28 Botswana 85 80 90 88 68 86 64 Burkina Faso 19 34 42 40 43 53 15 Burundi 55 73 74 59 80 75 49 Camneroon 39 46 48 44 46 62 84 Cape Verde 66 61 5 Central Afncan Republic 19 53 33 24 46 39 24 Chad 10 18 21 12 26 30 15 Comoros 71 69 69 70 Congo, Democratic Rep of 39 27 15 46 Congo, Republic of 71 50 29 69 38 23 67 C6te dIvoire 30 52 62 30 57 62 16 Djibouti 24 41 23 19 41 21 56 Equatonal Guinea 2 79 40 17 81 24 40 Entrea 58 93 58 88 Ethiopia 7 57 21 10 38 27 68 Gabon 59 70 37 66 57 55 25 Gambia, The 62 91 88 51 Ghana 35 70 72 31 70 73 44 Guinea 15 54 46 28 61 52 82 Guinea-Bissau 47 45 38 59 45 70 26 Kenya 72 94 79 65 83 79 69 Lesotho 82 88 85 73 82 77 78 Libena I 5 Madagascar 22 57 55 11 55 55 26 Malawi 57 89 84 60 90 83 50 Mali 11 49 52 27 54 57 41 Mauntania 32 55 40 40 67 62 54 Mauntius 86 93 85 71 89 79 Mozambique 32 57 61 39 61 57 60 Namibia 76 72 69 66 75 Niger 5 23 28 27 40 36 17 Nigena 22 34 26 28 44 41 80 Rwanda 87 83 85 79 84 87 36 Sao Tome and Pnncipe 58 74 64 50 Senegal 54 80 60 71 80 60 27 Seychelles 94 97 99 95 97 99 Sierra Leone 46 62 60 Somalia 17 22 18 25 34 26 78 South Afnca 70 72 76 64 76 82 Sudan 14 48 50 11 51 53 47 Swaziland 74 82 99 74 94 82 85 Tanzania 97 78 72 83 Togo 37 58 41 43 53 43 33 Uganda 21 59 55 27 57 53 45 Zambia 66 86 84 58 86 90 90 Zimbabwe 75 88 81 83 87 79 NORTH AFRICA 73 86 89 71 86 91 24 Algena 69 76 83 67 77 83 27 Egypt, Arab Republic 80 88 94 78 89 95 34 Libya 78 92 92 80 Morocco 63 91 91 58 88 90 14 Tunisia 72 94 96 67 91 84 22 ALL AFRICA 39 58 54 44 58 58 48 Noies ORT = Oral re-hydrai,on therapy, DPT = diphtheria, pertussms (whopping cough), and tetanus 'or most recent avadlable data Social Indicators 317 13-9. Child malnutrition Percentage of children (1990-00) Exclusively Breastfed, plus Still Percentage of infants Percentage of under-five (1990-00) breastfed, otherfood, breastfeading, with low birth weight sufferingfrom moderate to severe (0-3 months) (6-9 months) (20-23 moniths) 198.Y 1993-99 Underweight Wasting Stunting SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 29 63 47 excIuding South Afnica 29 63 47 Cxci S Africa &Nigeria 37 67 49 Angola 12 70 49 41 6 53 Benm 15 97 65 8 9 29 14 25 Botswana 39 82 23 8 1 3 1 1 29 Burkina Faso 12 44 81 34 13 29 Bunmdi 89 66 73 16 45 9 43 Cameroon 7 77 35 22 6 29 Cape Verde 18 14 6 16 Central Afncan Republic 23 93 52 15 23 7 34 Chad 2 81 62 28 40 Comoros 5 87 45 25 8 34 Congo, Democratic Rep of 32 40 64 20 34 10 45 Congo, Republic of 43 95 27 C6te d'lvoire 3 65 45 2 1 8 24 Djibouti II 18 13 26 Equatonal Guinea Entrea 66 45 60 44 16 38 Ethiopia 74 35 9 47 8 64 Gabon 57 12 Gambia, The 8 58 17 6 14 Ghana 19 63 48 17 8 25 11 26 Guinea 52 15 25 13 33 12 29 Guinea-Bissau 25 5 Kenya 17 90 54 22 6 34 Lesotho 54 47 52 18 5 44 Libena 15 17 25 Madagascar 61 93 49 10 15 40 7 48 Malawi 11 78 68 20 25 7 48 Mali 13 33 60 17 27 23 30 Mauntania 90 64 59 9 32 7 44 Mauntius 16 29 9 15 14 10 Mozambique 37 20 26 8 36 Namibia 22 65 23 26 9 29 Niger 1 67 52 40 21 41 Nigena 2 52 43 20 31 9 43 Rwanda 90 68 85 24 4 42 SDo Tomt and Pnncipe 26 SCnegal 16 69 50 18 7 23 SCychelles Sierra Leone 94 41 17 27 9 35 Somalia 16 26 30 South Afnca 9 3 23 Sudan 14 45 44 15 15 11 17 34 Swaziland 37 51 20 10 Tanzania 41 93 53 13 29 7 43 Togo 15 25 99 20 25 34 Uganda 70 64 40 23 5 38 Zambia 27 88 43 10 24 4 42 Zimbabwe 16 93 26 II 13 6 21 NORTH AFRICA 45 34 .. 14 Algena 48 29 21 9 6 9 18 Egypt, Arab Republic 53 37 4 5 30 Libya 5 3 15 Morocco 31 33 20 4 10 2 24 Tunisia 12 53 16 8 16 4 4 23 ALL AFRICA 32 59 45 318 Social Indicators 13-10. Access to sanitation facilities Percentage ofpopulatton with access to sanitationfacilities 1990 2000 Total Urban Rural Tolal Urban Rural SU SAARAN AFglCA $5 80 46 55 81 41 cxcluding South Africa $5 80 46 53 79 39 excl S.Aica&Nigeria 54 81 45 SO 76 38 Angola 44 70 30 Benun 20 46 6 23 46 6 Botswana 61 84 44 Burkina Faso 24 88 14 29 88 16 Bunundi 89 67 90 79 Cameroon 87 99 79 92 99 85 Cape Verde 71 95 32 Central Afncan Republic 30 43 23 31 43 23 Chad 18 70 4 29 81 13 Comoros 98 98 98 98 98 98 Congo, Democratic Rep. of .. .. 20 53 6 Congo, Republic of 14 C8te dlvoire 49 78 30 Djibouti 91 99 50 Equatonal Guinea 53 60 46 Eritrea 13 66 1 Ethiopia 13 58 6 15 58 6 Gabon 21 25 4 Gambia, The 37 41 35 Ghana 60 59 61 63 62 64 Guinea 55 94 41 58 94 41 Guinea-Bissau 47 88 34 Kenya 84 94 81 86 96 81 Lesotho 92 93 92 Libena Madagascar 36 70 25 42 70 30 Malawi 73 96 70 77 96 70 Mali 70 95 62 69 93 58 Mauntania 30 44 19 33 44 19 Mauntius 100 100 100 99 100 99 Mozambique 43 69 26 Namibia 33 84 14 41 96 17 Niger 15 71 4 20 79 5 Nigena 60 77 51 63 85 45 Rwanda 8 12 8 SAo Tome and Prncipe 39 7 Senegal 57 86 38 70 94 48 Seychelles Sierra Leone 28 23 31 Somalia South Afnca 86 99 73 Sudan 58 87 48 62 87 48 Swaziland Tanzania 88 97 86 90 98 86 Togo 37 71 24 34 69 17 Uganda 84 96 82 75 96 72 Zambia 63 86 48 78 99 64 Zimbabwe 64 98 51 68 99 51 NORTH AFRICA 80 96 65 85 96 72 Algena 73 90 47 Egypt, Arab Republic 87 96 80 94 98 91 Libya 97 97 96 97 97 96 Morocco 62 95 31 75 100 42 Tunisia 76 97 48 ALL AFRICA 60 84 49 60 85 45 Social Indicators 319 13-11. Access to safe water Percentage ofpopulation with access to safe water 1990 2000 Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural SU SARARAN AFRICA 49 $1 37 55 82 41 excluding South Africa 49 81 31 53 81 39 exci S Afnica&Nigeria 49 83 38 52 80 39 Angola 38 34 40 Benin 63 74 55 Botswana 95 100 91 100 Burktna Faso 53 74 50 84 Burundi 65 94 63 96 Cameroon 52 76 36 62 82 42 Cape Verde 74 64 89 Central Afncan Republic 59 80 46 60 80 46 Chad 27 31 26 Comoros 88 97 84 96 98 95 Congo, Democratic Rep of 45 89 26 Congo, Republic of 51 71 17 Cbte d'lvoire 65 89 49 77 90 65 Djibouti 100 100 100 Equatonal Guinea 43 45 42 Entrea 46 63 42 Ethiopia 22 77 13 24 77 13 Gabon 70 73 55 Gambia, The 62 80 53 Ghana 56 83 43 64 87 49 Guinea 45 72 36 48 72 36 Guinea-Bissau 49 29 55 Kenya 40 89 25 49 87 31 Lesotho 91 98 88 Libena Madagascar 44 85 31 47 85 31 Malawi 49 90 43 57 95 44 Mali 55 65 52 65 74 61 Mauntania 37 34 40 37 34 40 Mauntius 100 100 100 100 100 100 Mozambique 60 86 43 Namibia 72 98 63 77 100 67 Niger 53 65 51 59 70 56 Nigena 49 78 33 57 81 39 Rwanda 41 60 40 Sao Tomd and Principe 100 61 Senegal 72 90 60 78 92 65 Seychelles Sierra Leone 28 23 31 Somalia South Afnca 86 92 80 Sudan 67 86 60 75 86 69 Swaziland Tanzania 50 80 42 54 80 42 Togo 51 82 38 54 85 38 Uganda 44 80 40 50 72 46 Zambia 52 88 28 64 88 48 Zimbabwe 77 99 68 85 100 77 NORTH AFRICA 86 94 80 91 96 85 Algena 94 98 88 Egypt, Arab Republic 94 97 91 95 96 94 Libya 71 72 68 72 72 68 Morocco 75 94 58 82 100 58 Tunisia 80 94 61 ALL AFRICA 56 85 43 61 85 47 'or most recent avadable data 320 Social Indicators 13-12. Health expenditure Public expenditure Private expenditure Total expenditure as % of GDP, as % of GDP, as % of GDP, per capita, USS, per capita PPP, international S, 1995-00 1995-00 1995-00 1995-00 1995-00 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 25 3 3 5 8 29 89 excluding South Afnca 1 2 2 4 0 13 40 excl S Africa& Nigena 2.0 2 4 4 4 15 46 Angola 2 0 16 3 6 24 Benm 16 16 3 2 11 29 Botswana 3 8 2 2 6 0 191 267 Burkina Faso 3 0 12 4 2 8 36 Burundi 16 1 5 31 3 21 Cameroon I 1 3 2 4 3 24 77 Cape Verde 1 8 0 8 2 6 30 119 Central Afncan Republic 1 4 1 5 2 9 8 33 Chad 2 5 0 6 31 6 25 Comoros 3 2 12 4 4 13 69 Congo, Democratic Rep of I I 0 4 1 5 9 Congo, Republic of 1 5 0 7 2 2 22 46 C6te d'lvoire 10 17 2 7 16 62 Djiboutli 4 2 2 8 7 0 56 Equatonal Guinea 2 3 1 1 3 4 54 163 Entrea 2 8 1 5 4 3 9 Ethiopia 18 2 8 4 6 5 25 Gabon 2 1 0 9 3 0 120 198 Gambia, The 3 4 0 7 41 10 56 Ghana 22 20 42 11 85 Guinea 19 15 3 4 13 68 Guinea-Bissau 2.6 1 3 3 9 9 Kenya 18 6 5 8 3 28 79 Lesotho 5 2 1 1 6 3 28 Libena 3 0 10 4 0 2 Madagascar 2 5 10 3 5 9 16 Malawi 3 6 4 0 7 6 11 36 Mali 22 27 49 10 30 Mauntania 3 4 0 9 4 3 14 74 Mauntius 19 15 3 4 134 302 Mozambique 2 7 16 4 3 9 28 Namibia 4 2 2 9 7 1 136 417 Niger 18 21 3 9 5 20 Nigena 0 5 17 2 2 8 23 Rwanda 2 7 2 5 5 2 12 34 SaoTomd and Pnncipe 1 6 0 7 2 3 8 Senegal 2 6 2 0 4 6 22 61 Seychelles 4 1 2 1 6 2 440 Sierra Leone 2 6 17 4 3 6 27 Somalia 0 9 04 1 3 19 South Afnca 3 7 51 8 8 255 623 Sudan 10 3 7 4 7 13 48 Swaziland 3 0 12 4 2 56 148 Tanzania 2 8 3 1 5 9 12 15 Togo 15 13 2 8 8 36 Uganda 15 2 4 3 9 10 65 Zambia 3 5 21 5 6 18 52 Zimbabwe 31 4 2 7 3 43 186 NORTH AFRICA 2 0 1.8 3.9 62 140 Algena 30 06 36 64 216 Egypt, Arab Republic 1 8 2 0 3 8 51 119 Libya 16 17 3 3 246 Morocco 13 3 2 4 5 50 134 Tunisia 2 9 2 6 5 5 110 287 ALLAFRICA 2 3 2 8 51 34 95 Social Indicators 321 13-13. Health care Population Population Percentage of births attended Percentage of population per physician per hospital bed by trained health personnel with access to health services 1981 1990-2000 1981 1990-2000 1990-2000 1990-2000 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 1,304 excluding South Afnca ,, 1,304 excl S Afnca & Nigena ,. 1,52.3 Angola 12,981 774 23 24 Benin 16,943 17,546 884 4,280 60 42 Botswana 7,452 4,274 635 99 Burkina Faso 55,744 26,315 706 27 Bunundi 17,684 1,508 25 80 Cameroon 13,515 392 56 Cape Verde 5,845 634 53 Central Afncan Republic 22,831 28,607 1,145 44 Chad 30,347 1,389 16 26 Comoros 13,622 362 62 Congo, Democratic Rep of 14,494 701 70 59 Congo, Republic of 3,986 298 50 C6te d'lvoire 11,115 1,232 47 Djibouti 4,471 7,176 277 394 Equatonal Guinea 4,058 5 Entrea 33,364 21 Ethiopia 88,119 35,096 4,141 10 55 Gabon 2,187 4,319 313 86 Gambia, The 28,244 1,637 51 Ghana 16,132 685 44 25 Guinea 45,463 7,691 1,816 35 45 Guinea-Bissau 6,025 507 677 35 Kenya 10,098 7,576 607 44 Lesotho 18,505 60 Libena 9,454 43,671 Madagascar 10,060 9,344 1,068 47 Malawi 54,000 35,976 746 56 Mali 25,987 15,993 4,167 24 Mauntania 7,245 1,503 58 Mauntius 1,813 1,176 325 97 99 Mozambique 36,970 1,153 44 Namibia 3,390 76 Niger 30,591 8,574 16 30 Nigena 5,208 599 42 67 Rwanda 32,318 24,967 677 605 31 Sao Tom6 and Pnncipe 2,388 2,148 211 Senegal 12,687 10,529 2,490 51 40 Seychelles 757 99 Sierra Leone 18,972 13,706 42 Somalia 24,382 24,967 1,327 34 South Afnca 1,776 84 Sudan 9,917 11,112 1,149 919 86 70 Swaziland 6,636 55 Tanzania 24,400 1,123 35 93 Togo 20,592 13,165 662 51 Uganda 21,405 25,000 661 1,091 38 Zambia 7,913 14,484 287 47 Zimbabwe 7,221 7,194 1,959 84 NORTH AFRICA 5,936 1,120 570 620 88 Algeria 1,000 476 92 Egypt, Arab Republic 733 625 483 476 61 99 Libya 612 781 207 233 94 100 Morocco 18,558 2,174 814 1,020 40 62 Tunisia 3,642 1,428 588 90 90 ALL AFRICA 1,133 322 Social Indicators 13-14. Illiteracy rate Percentage of population 15 years of age and above that is illiterate 1985 1990 2001 Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female SUB-SAARAN AFRICA 56 45 66 SO 40 60 37 29 45 excluding South Afca 59 48 70 53 42 64 39 31 48 excl. S. Africa 4 Nigeria 59 4S 70 53 42 64 41 32 50 Angola Benus 78 68 87 74 62 85 61 47 75 Botswana 37 39 35 32 34 30 22 25 19 Burkina Faso 87 79 94 84 75 92 75 65 85 Burundi 68 55 79 63 51 73 51 43 58 Cameroon 45 34 56 38 28 47 23 17 29 Cape Verde 43 29 53 36 24 46 25 15 33 Central Afncan Republic 72 58 85 67 53 79 52 39 63 Chad 78 69 87 72 63 81 56 47 64 Comoros 47 39 55 46 39 54 44 37 51 Congo, Democratic Rep of 59 45 73 53 39 66 37 26 48 Congo, Republic of 41 29 52 33 23 42 18 12 24 Cote dlvoire 72 63 82 67 57 77 52 44 60 Djibouti 53 38 68 47 33 60 35 24 44 Equatonal Gumea 33 18 48 27 14 39 16 7 24 Entrea 58 46 70 54 42 65 43 32 54 Ethiopia 76 67 85 71 62 80 60 52 68 Gabon Gambia, The 79 74 85 74 68 80 62 55 69 Ghana 49 36 61 42 30 53 27 19 36 Guinea Guinea-Bissau 77 63 91 73 57 87 60 44 75 Kenya 36 24 48 29 19 39 17 11 23 Lesotho 25 38 13 22 35 11 16 27 6 Libena 66 51 82 61 45 77 45 29 61 Madagascar 47 38 56 42 34 50 33 26 39 Malawi 52 34 68 48 31 64 39 25 52 Mali 81 74 87 74 67 81 57 50 64 Mauntania 68 56 79 65 54 76 59 49 69 Mauntius 23 17 29 20 15 25 15 12 18 Mozambique 71 56 85 67 51 82 55 39 70 Namibia 29 25 33 25 23 28 17 17 18 Niger 90 84 96 89 82 95 84 76 91 Nigena 59 48 70 51 40 62 35 26 43 Rwanda 53 43 64 47 37 56 32 25 38 S3a Tome and Pnncipe Senegal 76 66 85 72 62 81 62 52 71 Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Afnca 21 20 22 19 18 20 14 14 15 Sudan 60 45 75 54 40 68 41 30 52 Swaziland 34 31 36 28 26 30 20 19 21 Tanzawa 44 29 57 37 24 49 24 15 32 Togo 62 46 77 56 39 71 42 27 56 Uganda 49 35 63 44 31 57 32 22 42 Zambia 37 25 47 32 21 41 21 14 27 Zumbabwe 24 17 31 19 13 25 11 7 14 NORTHAFRICA 57 44 71 52 39 65 40 30 52 Algena 56 44 67 47 36 59 32 23 42 Egypt. Arab Republic 57 43 71 53 40 66 44 33 55 Libya 39 22 59 32 17 49 19 9 31 Morocco 67 53 80 61 47 75 50 37 63 Tunisia 47 34 61 41 28 53 28 18 38 ALLAFRICA 56 45 67 51 40 61 38 29 47 Social Indicators 323 13-15. Primary school gross enrollment ratio Total Males Females 1980 1990 1998-99 1980 1990 1998-99 1980 1990 1998-99 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 80 74 79 88 82 85 67 67 73 excluding South Afnca 80 71 75 88 79 82 67 63 69 excl S.Africa&Nigena 72 66 81 78 72 88 59 59 74 Angola 175 92 64 95 69 88 60 Bemn 67 58 86 91 78 103 43 39 69 Botswana 91 113 108 83 109 109 100 117 109 BurkinaFaso 17 33 43 22 41 51 13 26 35 Burundi 26 73 62 32 79 69 21 66 56 Cameroon 98 101 91 107 109 98 89 93 84 CapeVerde 114 121 122 119 125 145 110 118 143 Central Afncan Republic 71 65 56 92 80 68 51 51 45 Chad 54 70 75 87 34 53 Comoros 86 75 84 100 87 91 72 63 76 Congo, Democratic Rep of 92 70 47 108 81 49 77 60 44 Congo, Repubhc of 141 133 84 148 141 88 134 124 79 C6te dIvoire 75 67 77 90 79 88 60 56 66 Djibouti 37 38 37 45 43 32 31 Equatonal Guinea 125 137 112 Entrea 61 67 55 Ethiopia 37 33 71 48 39 85 27 26 57 Gabon 151 152 151 Gambia, The 53 64 75 70 76 79 36 52 71 Ghana 79 75 78 88 82 82 71 68 74 Guinea 36 37 63 48 50 75 25 24 51 Guinea-Bissau 68 56 83 94 72 99 43 39 66 Kenya 115 95 91 120 97 91 110 93 90 Lesotho 103 112 104 85 100 99 122 123 108 Libena 48 29 118 61 35 137 34 23 99 Madagascar 130 103 102 131 103 104 129 103 100 Malawi 60 68 158 72 74 158 48 62 158 Mali 26 26 55 34 34 65 19 19 45 Mauritania 37 49 84 47 56 87 26 41 82 Mauntius 93 109 108 94 109 108 91 109 109 Mozambique 99 67 85 114 77 98 84 57 73 Namibia 129 113 123 112 135 114 Niger 25 29 32 33 37 39 18 21 26 Nigena 109 91 123 104 95 79 Rwanda 63 70 122 66 70 124 60 69 121 S8o Tom6 and Pnncipe Senegal 46 59 73 55 68 78 37 50 68 Seychelles Sierra Leone 52 50 65 61 60 68 43 41 63 Somalia 21 11 28 14 15 7 SouthAfnica 90 122 119 123 121 121 117 Sudan 50 53 55 59 60 59 41 45 51 Swaziland 103 111 125 104 114 128 102 109 121 Tanzania 93 70 63 99 70 63 86 69 63 Togo 118 109 124 144 132 139 93 86 109 Uganda 50 71 141 56 79 146 43 63 136 Zambia 90 99 79 97 102 81 83 95 76 Zimbabwe 85 116 97 117 98 115 95 NORTH AFRICA 84 91 103 97 100 107 69 83 98 Algena 94 100 114 108 108 119 81 92 110 Egypt, Arab Republic 73 94 100 84 101 104 61 86 96 Libya 125 105 117 129 108 118 121 102 116 Morocco 83 67 90 102 79 98 63 54 83 Tunisia 102 113 118 117 120 121 87 107 115 ALL AFRICA 81 78 89 90 S5 95 67 70 83 324 Social Indicators 13-16. Pupil progression Pecentage of cohort reaching Progression to secondary school grade 5 (1992-98) 1993 Total Male Female Total Male Female SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 52 excluding South Africa 46 excl S Afnca & Nigena Angola 4 3 4 Benin 61 64 57 Botswana 88 84 91 84 84 85 Burkina Faso 68 67 70 27 27 27 Burundi 11 12 11 Cameroon Cape Verde Central Afncan Republic Chad 55 58 50 47 Comoros 79 39 Congo, Democratic Rep of 64 73 54 27 25 30 Congo, Republic of 55 40 78 C6te d'lvoire 75 77 71 33 Djlboutli 77 71 85 38 Equatonal Guinea 16 14 19 Entrea 95 97 93 80 85 74 Ethiopia 51 51 50 80 82 77 Gabon 59 58 61 Gambia, The 80 78 83 Ghana Guinea 87 92 79 50 51 47 Guinea-Bissau Kenya 41 Lesotho 68 61 76 71 Libena 33 Madagascar 51 51 52 35 35 35 Malawi 34 36 32 15 Mali 84 92 70 63 64 60 Mauntania 64 61 68 32 34 28 Mauntius 99 98 99 51 49 54 Mozambique 46 49 42 39 39 39 Namibia 83 80 87 74 76 72 Niger 61 62 60 Nigena 52 Rwanda 45 48 43 15 Sao Tome and Pnncipe Senegal 87 89 85 Seychelles 100 98 99 100 Sierra Leone Somalia South Afnca 76 75 77 90 87 91 Sudan 74 75 73 61 Swaziland 76 70 81 79 79 79 Tanzania 81 79 83 12 Togo 52 54 48 38 40 35 Uganda 45 44 46 32 Zambia 78 83 73 Zimbabwe 79 78 79 66 NORTH AFRICA 79 77 81 Algena 95 94 96 80 77 82 Egypt, Arab Republic 83 82 85 Libya Morocco 82 82 82 81 79 84 Tunisia 92 91 93 62 62 63 ALL AFRICA 56 Notes In Seychelles a policy of automatic promoion is practiced at the primary vel of education Tanzanian figures refer to mainland only Social Indicators 325 13-17. Net primary enrollment ratio Total Males Females 1985 1993 1998-99 1985 1993 1998-99 1985 1993 1998-99 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 54 57 51 exclucsng South Africa excl S Afnca &Nigeria 54 57 51 Angola 27 29 25 Benin 53 54 70 71 70 83 36 38 57 Botswana 89 94 84 84 91 82 94 96 85 Burkina Faso 23 29 35 29 36 41 17 23 28 Burundi 41 52 44 47 56 49 36 48 40 Cameroon Cape Verde 95 92 97 98 93 99 Central Afncan Republic 61 53 53 75 64 63 47 42 42 Chad 57 69 45 Comoros 61 52 55 57 60 47 50 Congo, Democratic Rep of 54 33 60 33 47 32 Congo, Republic of 96 99 93 Cote d'lvoire 47 58 67 50 Djibouti 31 30 31 37 34 35 26 26 26 Equatorial Guinea 79 88 70 Entrea 28 40 29 43 26 37 Ethiopia 20 31 24 34 16 28 Gabon Gambia, The 62 55 70 77 64 75 48 46 65 Ghana 50 51 50 Guinea 27 37 49 36 56 18 41 Guinea-Bissau 47 54 63 63 31 45 Kenya 91 92 89 Lesotho 72 72 58 62 65 55 82 79 62 Libena 83 103 64 Madagascar 66 66 67 Malawi 43 68 69 46 66 66 41 71 71 Mali 20 27 43 33 51 21 36 Mauntania 47 61 52 63 43 59 Mauritius 100 94 94 100 94 94 101 94 94 Mozambique 51 39 50 56 44 55 47 34 46 Namibia 89 80 86 77 93 82 Niger 25 23 21 32 29 21 17 17 22 Nigena Rwanda 60 75 97 61 76 97 59 75 97 Sao Tome and Pnncipe Senegal 48 50 62 57 55 66 39 41 58 Seychelles Sierra Leone 65 68 63 Somalia 10 13 7 South Afnca 103 95 101 95 104 96 Sudan 45 49 41 Swaziland 79 91 93 78 91 92 80 91 94 Tanzania 56 49 47 55 49 46 56 50 48 Togo 61 69 91 72 80 101 49 58 82 Uganda 109 110 108 Zambia 77 66 81 67 73 66 Zimbabwe 80 80 80 NORTH AFRICA 86 90 92 93 79 87 Algena 86 95 97 94 100 99 78 90 96 Egypt, Arab Republic 88 92 94 95 82 90 Libya 96 97 96 Morocco 61 66 74 73 76 79 48 56 70 Tunisia 93 97 98 99 100 99 87 94 97 ALL AFRJCA .. 63 66 60 326 Social Indicators 13-lL8. Number of school teaclhers Primary Secondary Total leachirng staff Percentage Tem-a1es Total teaching staff Percentage females 1980 1990-90 1996-98 1980 1990-90 1996-98 1980 1990 1996-98 1980 1990 1996-98 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA . ..30 35 ' . excluding South Africa . .30 3S5. .. . exCl S Africa&Nigeria .. . 28 32 39 . . . Angola 3 1,062 ..18,035 32 Benin 7,994 13,556 16,335 23 25 23 10,691 1 3 Botswana 5,316 8,956 11,654 72 80 82 1,137 3,716 8,469 37 40 46 Burkina Faso 3,700 8,903 16,660 20 27 25 6,215 Burundi 4,805 9,465 12,350 47 46 54 2,026 4,230 2 1 Cameroon 26,763 38,430 41,142 20 30 36 8,926 19,820 19,515 28 Cape Verde 1,436 3,190 62 184 1,665 Central Afncan Republic 4,130 4,004 3,320 25 25 220 724 16 Chad 7,980 12,373 6 9 3,619 5 Comoros 1,292 1,995 2,381 7 26 449 20 Congo, Democratic Rep of 114,000 154,618 24 21 . 89,461 .10 Congo, Republicof 7,186 7,578 4,515 25 32 42 5,117 6,851 Cote d'lvoire 26,460 39,002 44,731 1 5 19 20 20,124 Djibouti 419 742 966 37 28 278 680 22 Equatonal Guinea 647 1,322 28 958 6 Entrea 2,895 5,576 . 45 35 2,278 12 Ethiopia 33,322 68,370 92,775 22 24 28 23,319 10 Gabon 3,441 6,022 27 42 1,587 3,078 24 16 Gambia, The 1,932 2,757 4,578 32 31 29 620 756 1,949 25 1 5 Ghana 47,921 66,946 71,340 42 36 36 31,636 21 Guinea 7,165 8,699 15,512 14 22 25 5,976 5,756 12 1 1 Guinea-Bissau 3,257 .24 . 462 21 Kenya 102,489 172,117 192,306 37 42 17,081 44,335 35 Lesotho 5,097 6,448 14,555 75 80 so 1,299 3,126 5 1 Libena 10,047 19 6,621 16 Madagascar 39,474 38,933 42,678 58 20,386 44 Malawi 12,540 22,942 31 953 Mali 6,862 8,156 15,447 20 23 23 5,748 7,663 14 14 Mauntanma 2,183 3,741 7.366 9 18 26 2,419 10 Mauntmus 6,379 6,507 5,065 43 44 53 4,737 45 Mozwrnbique 17,030 23,107 31,512 22 24 4,657 9,555 17 Namibia 11,992 67 Ntger 5,518 8,835 12,901 30 33 3 1 1,284 2,775 4,303 21 18 1 8 Nigena 343,551 331,915 416,745 34 43 48 41,581 141,377 29 33 Rwanda 11,912 19,183 23,730 38 46 55 1,454 2,802 16 20 Sao Tomd and P'rncipe 588 660 Senegal 9,175 13,394 21,277 24 4,302 8,499 16 Seychelles 658 656 80 88 127 328 555 37 53 Sierra Leone 9,528 10,850 5,969 18 Somalia 8,122 29 2,089 7 South Afnca 160,286 216,040 78 143,804 50 Sudan 43,451 60,047 94,125 31 51 68 18,831 33,628 37,032 35 57 Swaziland 3,278 5,083 6,425 79 79 75 .3,416 46 Tanzwuna 81,386 96,850 106,329 37 41 44 3,837 7,944 12,751 24 26 Togo 9,201 11,105 23,107 21 19 13 4,492 6,595 12 13 Uganda 38,422 84,149 109,733 30 30 33 3,833 24,982 21 Zambia 21,455 33,200 34,810 40 47 4,882 10,000 26 Zimbabwe 28,118 59,154 63,718 39 44 3,782 24,547 28,254 29 36 NORTH AFRICA . ... 45 48 4 0 Algena 88,481 151,262 169,519 37 39 46 4l,137 127,024 154,628 39 47 Egypt, Arab Repubic 558,630 345,981 52 52 121,999 286,797 453,967 31 41 Libya 36,591 85,537 97,334 47 53 24,323 90,737 24 25 Morocco 56,908 91,680 123,021 30 37 39 36,526 159,314 87,932 29 33 Tunisia 27,375 50,609 60,470 29 45 50 14,328 33,058 56,466 29 32 39 ALL AlRICA . ..30 37 45,. . .... Note Figures include both part-time and full-time teachers Social Indicators 327 13-19. Pupil/teacher ratio Number ofpupzls per teacher Primary Secondary 1980 1990 1998-99 1980 1990 1998-99 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 38 39 excluding South Afnca 40 39 - exci S Afnca & Nigena 43 38 40 Angola 32 18 Benin 48 36 53 20 Botswana 32 32 28 18 17 17 Burkina Faso 54 57 49 28 Burundi 37 67 46 22 17 Cameroon 52 51 52 26 25 24 Cape Verde 40 29 18 24 Central Afncan Republic 60 77 99 62 Chad 66 68 34 Comoros 46 37 35 31 Congo, Democratic Rep of 40 26 14 Congo, Republic of 54 65 61 37 27 Cote d'lvoire 39 36 43 29 Djibouti 40 43 40 18 23 Equatonal Guinea 69 57 21 Entrea 38 47 S I Ethiopia 64 36 37 Gabon 45 44 19 28 Gambia, The 24 31 33 16 27 24 Ghana 29 29 22 Guinea 36 40 47 14 30 Guinea-Bissau 23 10 Kenya 38 31 28 25 26 Lesotho 48 55 25 19 23 Libena 39 17 Madagascar 44 40 47 17 Malawi 65 61 27 Mali 42 48 62 15 28 Mauritania 41 45 47 26 Mauntius 20 21 26 Mozambique 81 55 61 34 29 Namibia 32 Niger 41 42 41 30 28 24 Nigena 35 41 45 21 Rwanda 59 57 54 14 25 Sao Tome and Pnncipe 28 36 Senegal 46 53 49 22 28 Seychelles 22 15 7 13 14 Sierra Leone 33 34 17 Somalia 33 21 South Afnca 27 37 30 Sudan 34 34 26 20 22 27 Swaziland 34 33 33 18 Tanzania 41 35 38 21 21 Togo 55 58 41 28 35 Uganda 34 29 60 19 Zambia 49 44 45 21 29 Zimbabwe 44 36 20 27 NORTH AFRICA 17 23 22 16 16 Algena 35 28 28 25 17 18 Egypt, Arab Republic 12 23 24 19 17 Libya 18 14 8 12 7 Morocco 38 27 28 22 7 17 Tunisia 39 28 24 20 17 19 ALL AFRICA 38 30 33 Noie Figures include both pari-.ume and full-nine teachers 328 Social Indicators 13-20. Secondary school gross enrollment ratio Total Males Females 1980 1990 1998-99 1980 1990 1998-99 1980 1990 1998-99 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 15 23 20 26 10 20 excluding South Africa 15 19 20 23 10 16 excl S Afnca&Nigena 14 18 22 18 21 25 9 14 19 Angola 21 12 15 15 18 10 13 Benin 16 12 22 24 17 30 8 7 14 Botswana 19 43 82 17 41 78 20 45 85 Burkina Faso 3 7 1 0 4 9 12 2 5 8 Burundi 3 6 7 4 7 8 2 4 6 Cameroon 18 28 20 24 33 22 13 23 17 Cape Verde 8 21 69 9 21 7 20 Central Afncan Republic 14 12 21 17 7 7 Chad 8 11 13 18 3 5 Comoros 22 18 21 30 21 23 15 14 18 Congo, Democratic Rep of 24 22 18 35 29 24 13 14 13 Congo, Republic of 74 53 89 62 60 44 C6ted'lvoire 19 22 22 26 30 28 11 14 15 Djibouti 12 12 15 15 14 13 9 9 17 Equatonal Guinea 31 43 19 Entrea 28 33 23 Ethiopia 9 14 5 12 16 6 7 13 4 Gabon 54 58 51 Gamba, The 11 19 27 16 25 31 7 12 23 Ghana 41 36 37 50 45 42 31 28 33 Guinea 17 10 14 24 15 20 10 5 7 Guinea-Bissau 6 9 20 10 13 26 2 6 14 Kenya 20 24 30 23 28 31 16 21 28 Lesotho 18 25 28 14 20 24 21 30 32 Libena 22 14 23 31 20 27 12 8 18 Madagascar 18 14 18 15 18 14 Malawi 5 8 45 7 11 50 3 5 40 Mali 8 7 15 12 9 20 5 5 10 Mauntania 11 14 18 17 19 21 4 9 15 Mauntius 50 53 107 51 53 108 49 53 106 Mozambique 5 8 14 8 10 17 3 6 11 Namibia 44 60 39 56 49 63 Niger 5 7 7 7 9 8 3 4 5 Nigena 18 25 24 29 12 21 Rwanda 3 8 12 4 9 12 3 7 12 Sao Tome and Pnncipe Senegal I1 16 20 15 21 24 7 11 15 Seychelles SierraLeone 14 17 24 20 22 26 8 13 22 Somalia 9 6 13 8 5 4 South Afrnca 74 90 69 133 80 48 Sudan 16 24 29 20 27 22 12 21 36 Swaziland 38 44 60 39 45 60 37 43 60 Tanzania 3 5 5 4 6 6 2 4 5 Togo 33 24 36 50 35 50 16 12 22 Uganda 5 13 7 17 3 10 Zambia 16 24 25 22 30 29 11 18 22 Zimbabwe 8 50 45 9 53 48 6 46 43 NORTH AFRICA 41 62 69 49 69 71 31 56 68 Algena 33 61 67 40 67 65 26 54 69 Egypt, Arab Republic 50 76 84 61 84 86 39 68 81 Libya 76 86 79 89 85 75 63 87 84 Morocco 26 35 39 32 41 44 20 30 35 Tumisa 27 45 75 34 50 73 20 40 76 ALL AFRICA 20 30 26 34 15 27 Note 'Secondary" refers to secondary general education Social Indicators 329 13-21. Public expenditure on education As percentage of Totalpublic expenditure As percentage of GDP 1980 1990 1993-9 7 1980 1990 1993-98 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA excluding South Afnca exci S Afnca & Nigena Angola 2 6 Benin 2 6 Botswana 5 3 6 91 Burkina Faso 15 5 18 17 9 2 2 3 3 0 Burundi 3 2 3 3 9 Cameroon 3 2 3 2 6 Cape Verde 4 4 Central Affican Repubhc 2 1 9 Chad 17 Comoros Congo, Democratic Rep of Congo, Republic of 6 4 5 4 7 C6te d'lvoire 30 6 9 3 7 Djibouti 4 Equatonal Guinea 18 Entirea 4 8 Ethiopia 10 2 10 14 ) 3 4 3 Gabon 2 5 3 3 Gambia, The 14 ' 3 1 4 4 8 Ghana 3 1 3 4 0 Guinea 1 8 Guinea-Bissau 0 0 Kenya 22 9 23 214 6 5 7 6 6 Lesotho 15 27 8 7 5 6 13 0 Libena 119 55 Madagascar 4 3 2 19 Malawi 3 1 3 4 6 Mali 34 29 Mauntania 4 3 Mauntius 5 5 4 4 2 Mozambique 2 5 3 2 9 Namibia 7 81 Niger 18 0 31 3 2 7 Nigena 1 0 6 Rwanda 2 7 Sao Tome and Principe 3 6 Senegal 4 3 5 Seychelles 5 6 8 6 0 Sieria Leone 37 10 Somalia I 0 South Afnca 6 61 Sudan 41 8 6 3 3 Swaziland 24 6 5 7 6 61 Tanzama 13 3 3 21 Togo 5 4 6 4 5 Uganda 12 1 16 Zambia 8 131 41 2 2 3 Zimbabwe 5 2 8 10 8 NORTH AFRICA I5 0 17 15 5 Algeria 7 6 5 6 0 Egypt, Arab Republic 8 1 14 13 8 4 4 7 Libya 34 Morocco 173 18 166 59 5 49 Tunisia 170 170 187 52 60 76 ALL AFRICA 330 Social Indicators 13-22. Economic opportunities of women Female /male ratio Female as percentage of male in occupational group, 1996 ofparticipation Administrative Professional Clerical in economic activity and and and 1995 managerial technical sales Services SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 73 10 28 excluding South Afnca 74 10 26 excl. S.Africa & Nigeria 78 Angola 87 Benin 93 Botswana 85 36 61 60 70 Burkina Faso 87 14 26 63 22 Burundi 97 13 30 Cameroon 60 10 24 37 31 Cape Verde 64 23 48 63 57 Central Afncan Republic 88 9 19 59 12 Chad 80 Comoros 74 29 Congo, Democratic Rep of 77 9 17 Congo, Republic of 77 6 40 C6te d'lvoire 49 29 Djibout 2 20 Equatonal Guinea 55 2 27 Entrea 90 17 30 48 43 Ethiopia 69 11 24 Gabon 80 Gambia, The 81 16 24 28 14 Ghana 103 9 36 59 68 Guinea 90 Guinea-Bissau 67 Kenya 85 Lesotho 58 33 57 144 209 Libena 66 Madagascar 81 Malawi 96 5 35 33 28 Mali 87 20 19 57 41 Mauntania 77 8 21 25 45 Mauntius 46 23 38 49 28 Mozambique 94 11 20 Namibia 68 21 41 54 72 Niger 79 9 8 30 0 Nigena 56 6 26 58 11 Rwanda 93 9 47 48 35 SAo Tome and Pnncipe Senegal 74 Seychelles 29 58 59 59 Sierra Leone 57 8 32 66 15 Somalia 75 South Afnca 60 17 47 196 Sudan 40 2 29 Swaziland 60 26 60 42 82 Tanzania 98 Togo 67 8 21 Uganda 91 Zambia 83 6 32 58 22 Zimbabwe 80 Is 40 34 30 NORTH AFRICA 41 14 30 28 14 Algena 32 6 28 11 19 Egypt, Arab Republic 40 12 30 35 10 Libya 26 Morocco 53 26 31 28 17 Tunisia 44 13 36 33 17 ALL AFRICA 67 11 28 -or most recent available data Social Indicators 331 13-23. Household and economic participation of women Percentage of Percentage of women in occupational group 1991-99 households headed Construction, Communliy, by women Utidtfes & irwnspori, storage Service social & personal (latesi available between 1991-99) Agriculture Mining manufacturing & communicauions industries servicei SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA excluding South Afnca exdi SAfrica & Nigeria - Angola Benin Botswana 2 1 12 9 35 41 Burkina Faso 6 Buncndi Cameroon 18 Cape Verde Central Afncan Republic 16 Chad 14 0 14 14 14 43 Comoros Congo, Democratic Rep of Congo, Republic of C6te dIvoire 12 Djibouti 17 Equatonal Guinea Erntrea Ethiopia 18 10 0 24 6 10 50 Gabon Gambia, The I Ghana 14 Guinea 8 Gumnea-Bissau 10 Kenya 15 20 0 8 5 11 57 Lesotho Libena Madagascar 18 Malawi 73 0 7 2 4 14 Mali 6 Mauntanma 24 Mauntius II 0 61 2 9 17 Mozamnbique Namnibia Niger 6 5 5 20 25 25 25 Nigena 1 3 Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal 8 Seychelles Siefra Leone Somalia South Affica 27 Sudan Swaziland 26 23 1 16 4 20 36 Tanzania II Togo Uganda 2 Zambia 19 Zimbabwe 38 1 7 4 9 NORTH AFRICA 36 0 21 2 8 32 Algeria Egypt, Arab Republic 47 0 7 2 8 36 Libya Morocco 3 0 45 2 11 39 Tunisia ALL AFRICA 332 Social Indicators Figure 13-1. Life expectancy, 2000 (years) 30 40 50 60 70 80 S e y. h. II.. Tunis is Mauritius Alge n Liby- Cape Verde Mo roccoo Egypt Ar-b R,p S.o Tome and Princ'pe Co.-no Ghana Sodas M ad aga*s ca*r Gambia The Benin Senegal E rit re * Ma antaaia Co ngo Equata rial Guinea C amere a n Chad So malta S. th Africa Namibsa ibbe isa Kenya N.S.ri. Ange 1a Guinea* Cots d io ire Dpbo uti Conga Democratic Republic Niger S wa ia h d Gainen-Bisasa Tanoania B.rkina Faze Le..o.t Central African Republic Moam bique Ethbo pia Mali Uganda Ba rundi Rwanda Zim ba bwc Sierra Leone Bo tuwaun MZambi Z .m l Social Indicators 333 Figure 13-2. GDP per capita based on PPP, 2001 (U.S. dollars) 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Equator.al Guinea Bolt wan. Tnnta in Na m thin Gab hn nl Cape Verde- Swanilund- Egypi Arab Rep Lean tho Djibh nt Ghana Manniaaiu Cainerno a Gotuhia The Co innron Senegal Cnte d lvnire To gn UJga udu Central African Repubhl. Mnozamhtqne Be nin Kie nyu Bnrh.na Veto RChad Mali N ige flu Madegat ear Ze m l.u E nire n Nige r Gn,aea-Btsaaa Co ago Eihio piu NI lal wi Burunad. Teazania t Siera eon 334 Social Indicators Figure 13-3. Urban population as a percentage of total pop-ulationm, 2001* (percent) 0 20 40 60 80 Dj.bont a i lasmm-.E Cope Ir , . _ ' . . ,.! 1bos=;z . ,ri.towana - - i11T- ' -- S u CnTome an V.r e - - -. -- -- - C...-... ECat - o G u n e g 75 _ . ! w X = s Y 1l. ........................................... Cotede d-- W- , Egypt Ar-b Rep - -. -- 3 Centr-l Af.... Republi. S Z. Aba _ - . - - T . - n Ghntva n -- - .- =- -; , - _- -r=- -- l eie- ^ar-- Zimbuabtowl uXne r t- - F sY '--T -c__ = r - _,: - Angolna Ke nya -M _- TF W.N Togo -- - --- -- -. - Mona e -.. m - -i., _ t - Guinea-Bisao -u ' Namibia-.., .- - - - Go am bt be T -- - - _- _ --r, - . Mali --a - i r Congo Demogyrtci Republic -"-: - - - r - - ModolgnooRail _if ~:F= i3 5=.r bt.---e -=: J- - ei-Svx S uotbo - . - - - Sola w z. Chad -. - Niger -- - - - eB ire - F . I Ethio pi - - -I Maln., - - = r Uganda Buunodi -- -- Rwanda --: *Or most recent yeR available Social Indicators 335 Figure 13-4. Primary school gross enrollement ratio, 1999* (percent) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 MaIa wi _ Equa.o -.j Guinet SwaIlad wRwa onil. Casp e Ve rdei Soath Arnca_ T i. it.i Libe ria Libya Alg-.a Na in b a Ma. u ntil n B o tlws h Madagascar _ Egypt Arab Rep Zimbabwe C-meroon a Kr1,yu M o roce o = Ben a Mo cam lqne S Ma a rla niaO= C o m oron U Guinea-Bin a a Ghan* C.o e d Iv ire Gambia The Ethio pia Chad Tanzania ErGlre a Ce.tral Afric.an Reptbpib M oh Congo Demo-cra.ii Re pbic Borkina Fain Djib. til Somalia 0 Or most recent year available 336 Social Indicators Figure 13-5. Maternal mortality, 2000* (per 1,000,000 live births) 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 Mn Ut YIT Cape Verde Tanis .n Ubys A Ige riai Esypt Arab Rep Soutb Afric Namibia Mo ro cco Bots san _aa a Le a 'rbc Sba iond1' DJlbo uti M adogo c or Ma I lai_D Gbnbne Zimbabree Gnbo n Eq.ato nal Goinena Manritanii ZAmbin Be ain __ Congo. Democratic Repobti_ Co ma ro a Manambique_- Togo Co ngoa__ E ntrc Gambia The Nugeno Tanagn a Jn ligando _ Central Arrican Repobti Ji Cote d No ire Senegai S e nynga _ B a rk,m a F a Hi C bnd I _ S Cad n 5 So nmotia EthiopI. Bunundi Sieren Leoned R-a ==_ 0 Or most recent year available Social Indicators 337 Technical notes Tables Gini coefficients, which describe the level of inequal- ity in urban and rural income distributions. The last Table 13-1. Age and gender structure of the popu- indicator shows the percentage of household income lation. Age and gender structure of the population spent on food (UNDP, World Bank, Penn World (UN and World Bank data) is the distribution of the Tables, and National Household Surveys). total population according to age and gender. Only the female composition of the population is presented, Table 13-3. Income distribution. This table presents as the male composition can easily be figured as the the share of income held by the richest and poorest residual. Figures relate to midyear populations as es- population groups in a country (World Bank data and timated from the latest censuses. Age dependency ra- national household surveys). tio is calculated as the ratio of dependents-popula- tion under age 15 and above age 65-to the working Table 13-4. Urbanization. This table presents the age population-those aged 15 to 64 number of persons living in urban areas as a percent- age of the total population. Average annual percent- Table 13-2. Poverty. This table presents selected in- age growth rates are shown separately for the urban dicators for comparing the incidence and extent of population and the total population. The urban popu- urban and rural poverty. The first indicator uses pur- lation percentages are based on the number of per- chasing power parities rather than official exchange sons living in areas defined as "urban" according to rates to calculate GDP per capita a measure of the national definitions of this concept. Since national overall mean level of poverty at the national level. definitions differ, cross-country comparisons should The next indicator is the national poverty headcount, be made with caution (World Bank data). which shows the percentage of the population living below the poverty line deemed appropriate for the Table 13-5. Components of population change. This country by its authorities. The poverty line is defined table presents three determinants of population change: as the below which adequate standards of nutrition, total fertility rate, crude birth rate, and crude death shelter, and personal amenities cannot be assured. rate. Crude birth rate is the number of births per 1,000 Since these levels are country specific, cross-country population in a given year. Crude death rate is the comparisons cannot be made. The next indicator, how- number of deaths per 1,000 population in a given year. ever, uses a relative concept of poverty, which does Total fertility rate is the average number of children allow such comparisons. It shows the percentage of that would be bom alive to a woman during her life- the urban and rural populations living on less than time, if she were to bear children at each age in accor- two-thirds of the mean national per capita income. dance with prevailing age-specific fertility rates Associated with these indicators are the urban and rural (World B3ank data). 338 Social Indicators Table 13-6. Survival prospects. This table shows below the median weight for age of the reference four health-related indicators: life expectancy at birth, population. Wasting refers to children of ages 12 infant mortality rate, child mortality rate and maternal through 23 months weighing two standard deviations mortality rate. below the median weight for height of the reference Life expectancy at birth is the number of years a population. Stunting refers to children of ages 24 newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of through 59 months standing two standard deviations mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same below the median height-for-age of the reference throughout its life. Infant mortality rate is the number population (UNDP various years, WHO and World of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 Bank data). live births in a given year. Child mortality rate is the number of deaths of children under five years of age Table 13-10. Access to sanitation facilities. Table per 1,000 live births in a given year. Maternal mortal- 13-10 shows the percentage of the population with ity rate is the annual number of deaths of women from access to sanitation facilities (WHO data). Urban ar- pregnancy-related causes per 100,000 live births. eas with access to sanitation facilities are defined as urban populations served by connections to public Table 13-7. HIV/AIDS estimates and data, end sewers or household systems, such as pit privies, 2001. Data reported on this table give the estimated pour-flush latrines, septic tanks, communal toilets, number of people living with HIV/AIDS. The data and other such facilities. Rural populations with ac- are broken down to adults aged 15 and above, and cess were defined as those with adequate disposal, children below the age of 15. Adult rate is the total such as pit privies and pour-flush latrines. Applica- number of adults (men and women) living with HIV/ tion of these definitions may vary, and comparisons AIDS divided by the corresponding mid-year popula- can therefore be misleading. tion. Orphans are defined as children who lost their mother or both parents to AIDS when they were un- Table 13-11. Access to safe water. This table refers der the age of 15 (UNAIDS data). to the percentage of the population with reasonable access to safe water supply, which includes treated Table 13-8. Immunization and ORT use. This is surface waters or untreated, but uncontaminated wa- the percentage of children under one year of age im- ter, such as that from springs, sanitary wells, and pro- munized against tuberculosis, DPT, polio, and measles. tected boreholes. In an urban area, this may be a pub- It also gives the use rate of oral rehydration therapy lic fountain or standpost located not more than 200 (ORT) among children under five years of age. DPT meters away. In rural areas, it implies that members refers to diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and of the household do not have to spend a dispropor- tetanus. ORT use is the percentage of all cases of di- tionate part of the day fetching water. Data are pre- arrhea in children under five years of age treated with sented separately for total, urban and rural population oral rehydration salts or an appropriate household (WHO data). solution (WHO data). Table 13-12. Health expenditure. This table shows Table 13-9. Child malnutrition. Data reported on total health expenditure as percentage of GDP and on this table give the percentage of children and babies a per capita basis-both in current $ and PPP terms. suffering from nutrition-related problems of low The ratio to GDP is also shown for public and private birthweight, underweight, wasting, and stunting. Fig- expenditure. Total health expenditure is the sum of ures are also given on the extent of breastfeeding public and private health expenditures. It covers the among nursing mothers. provision of health services (preventive and curative), Low birthweight refers to babies born weighing less family planning activities, nutrition activities, and than 2,500 grams. Underweight refers to children un- emergency aid designated for health but does not in- der the age of five weighing two standard deviations clude provision of water and sanitation. Public health Social Indicators 339 expenditure consists of recurrent and capital spend- the primary level of education, regardless of age, ex- ing from government (central and local) budgets, ex- pressed as a percentage of the population correspond- ternal borrowings and grants (including donations ing to the official school age of primary education in from international agencies and nongovenmmental or- a given country. Data are given separately for males, ganizations, and social (or compulsory) health insur- females, and both genders combined. Figures shown ance funds. Private health expenditure includes di- may be more than 100 percent since total enrollment rect household (out-of-pocket) spending, private in- includes pupils above and pupils below the primary surance, charitable donations, and direct service pay- school age, as well as repeaters (UNESCO data) ments by private corporations (WHO, IMF, and World Bank data). Tables 13-16. Pupil progression. This table provides two education indicators. Percentage ofcohort reach- Table 13-13. Health care. Indicators presented here ing grade 5 of primary school shows the percentage are population per physician, population per hospital of children starting primary school, who eventually bed, the percentage ofbirths attended by trained health attain grade 4. The estimate is based on the Recon- personnel, and access to health services. The figure structed Cohort Method, which uses data on enroll- for physicians includes, in addition to the total num- ment and repeaters for two consecutive years. Pro- ber of registered practitioners in the country, medical gression to secondary school (general) is the number assistants whose medical training is less than that of of new children in the first grade of secondary school qualified physicians, but who nevertheless dispense (general) divided by the number of children enrolled similar medical services, including simple surgical in the final grade of primary school in the previous operations. The definition of recognized medical prac- year (according to the country's duration of primary titioners differs among countries. Hospital beds in- education (UNESCO and World Bank data). clude inpatient beds available in public, private, gen- eral, and specialized hospitals and in rehabilitation Table 13-17. Net primary enrollment ratio. This is centers. In most cases acute and chronic care are in- the ratio of the number of children of official school cluded. Births attended refers to births attended by age enrolled in school to the number of children of physicians, nurses, midwives, trained primary official school age in the population (UNESCO data). healthcare workers, or trained traditional birth atten- dants. Access to health services refers to the percent- Table 13-18. Number of schoolteachers. Teachers age of the population that can reach appropriate local in both public and private schools are covered in this health services by the local transport in no more than table Data refer to both full-time and part-time teach- one hour (WHO and World Bank data). ers, excluding other instructional personnel without teaching functions. Figures are shown here separately Table 13-14. Illiteracy rate. This table shows the for primary and secondary schools. Percentage fe- share of illiterate adults in total adult population aged males means the number of female teachers expressed 15 years and over. Literacy is defined as the ability to as a percentage of total teaching staff (UNESCO data). read and write. A person who can, with understand- ing, both read and write a short, simple statement about Table 13-19. PupiUteacher ratio. This ratio gives his everyday life is literate Persons who can read, but the average number of pupils per teacher. Figures are cannot wnte, are included with illiterates. Figures are given separately for primary and secondary schools. shown separately for males, females, and both gen- As teaching staff includes both full-time and part-time ders combined (UNESCO data). teachers, comparability of this ratio between coun- tries may be affected as the proportion of part-time Tables 13-15. Primary school gross enrollment teachers varies greatly from one country to another ratio. This is the total number of pupils enrolled at (UNESCO data). 340 Social Indicators Table 13-20. Secondary school gross enrollment of participation in economic activity shows the num- ratio. This is the secondary school equivalent of the ber of female workers in relation to the number of data presented in Table 13-15. It gives the total num- male workers. Females as percentage of males in oc- ber of students enrolled at the secondary level of edu- cupational group show the breakdown of the first in- cation, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage dicator for occupational categories (UNDP data). of the population corresponding to the official school age of secondary education. Data are presented sepa- Table 13-23. Household and economic participa- rately for males, females, and both genders combined. tion of women. This table presents indicators on gen- Second level, general refers to education in second- der issues in development. Households headed by ary schools that provides general or specialized in- women (World Bank data) refers to families in which struction based upon at least four years of previous a woman is acknowledged as the head by the other instruction at the first or primary level, which do not members. The occupational statistics are based on UN, specifically aim at preparing the pupils directly for a Statistical Yearbook. given trade or occupation. Such schools may be called high schools, middle schools, or lyceums and offer Figures courses of study whose completion is a minimum con- dition for admission into universities. In some coun- The following indicators have been used to derive the tries, some of these schools provide both academic figures in this chapter: and vocational training. These composite secondary schools are considered as equivalent to the academic Figure 13-1. Life expectancy (Table 13-6). type of secondary school and are thus classified as second level, general (UNESCO data). Figure 13-2. GDP per capita, based on PPP, 1997 (Table 13-2). Table 13-21. Public expenditure on education. This table presents the public expenditure on education Figure 13-3. Urban population as a percentage of (llNESCO) first as a percentage of total public ex- total population (Table 13-4). penditure (IMF/GFS) and then as a percentage of cur- rent GDP (Table 2-5). Figure 13-4. Primary school gross enrollment ratio (Table 13-15). Table 13-22. Economic opportunities of women. This table shows two indicators. Female/male ratio Figure 13-5. Matemal mortality (Table 13-6). Social Indicators 341 Methodology used for regional aggregations and period averages in chapter 13 Aggregations Period averages b Table (1) (2) (6) (7) (8) (1) (2) 13-1 Columns 1-8 x Columns 9-10 x 13-2 Columns 1, 3 x Columns 4, 5, 8 x Columns 2, 6-7 x 13-3 x 13-4 Columns 1-3 x Columns 4-6 x Columns 7-9 x Columns 10-12 x 13-5 Columns 1-3 x Columns 4-6 x Columns 7-9 x 13-6 x 13-7 x 13-8 x 13-9 x 13-10 x 13-11 x 13-12 Columns 1-4 x Column 5 x 13-13 x 13-14 x 13-15 x 13-16 x 13-17 x 13-18 Columns 1-3, 7-9 x Columns 4-6, 10-12 x 13-19 x 13-20 x 13-21 x 13-22 x 13-23 x Note Regional aggregations are shown in the rows for Sub-Saharan Afnca, North Afnca, and All Afnca Penod averages are shown m the last three columns This table shows only the methodologies used in this chapter a Regional aggregations (I) simple total, (2) simple total of the first indicator divided by the simple total of the second indicator (same country coverage), (3) simple total of the gap-filled indicator, (4) simple total of the gap-filled main indicator divided by the simple total of the gap-filled secondary indicator, (5) simple total of the first gap-filled main mdicator less the simple total of the second gap-filled main indicator, all divided by the simple total of the secondary indicator, (6) weighted total (by population), (7) median, (8) no aggregation, (9) simple anithmetic mean b Penod averages (I ) anthmetic mean (using the same senes as shown in the table i e, ratio if th: rest of the table is shown as ratio, level if the rest of the table is shown as level, growth rate if the rest is shown as growth rate), (2) least-squares growth rate (using main indicator), (3) least-squares growth rate (using main indicator in constant terms, with the rest of the table in current terms) ~214 EnTvironmental Indcators t his chapter was drawn entirely from the World environmental damage to other nations is, however, Resources Institute and reflects tables published widely acknowledged. Common interests, therefore, in their World Resources 2001. It includes data compel the international community to jointly work on natural resources-their use by sector and the toward a common goal of preserving the environment. trends in their use-protected resources and those in Increasing emphasis on the links between the envi- danger of extinction, commercial energy production ronment and development, both at the national and and its components, globally threatened species and international levels, is reflected in the growing num- protection and management programs. ber of scientific and analytical studies. Challenging Until the early 1970s, environmental issues were the hegemony of the SNA national income account- mainly focused on problems of industrial countries ing convention, numerous scholarly endeavors are and on such issues as water and air pollution, acid under way to internalize environmental consequences rain, and greenhouse gas emissions. Since the publi- in national income calculations. The argument is made cation of the Club of Rome's The Limit to Growth in that the SNA methodology overstates national income 1972, however, issues of natural resource depletion levels for two reasons. First, it does not account for and degradation have received considerable attention both the direct and indirect costs of drawing down in assessing environmental factors and their impacts natural resources. Second, it counts expenditure on on the development prospects of developing nations. resources for environmental protection activities as At the national level, environmental concems revolve income. The changes both in methodology and em- around population expansion, desertification, defor- phasis have created an urgent demand for physical estation, and the by-products of energy consumption. data. The information in this chapter aims to meet this Environmental destruction is not, however, confined growing demand, notwithstanding the limitations in by geographic borders. For instance, global warming, data coverage and reliability. said to be caused by greenhouse gas emissions, has The rate of deforestation is of particular concern become a major global environmental concern. The because the cost of deforestation goes far beyond the issue of the greenhouse effect may be subject to con- loses of forest products, such as timber and fuelwood. troversy at the theoretical level and difficult to prove There are equally significant indirect costs, including at the practical level. The fact that industrial wastes soil erosion; the substitution of animal and agricul- generated in one country cross-frontiers and cause tural residues for cooking, which would otherwise be 342 Environmental Indicators 343 used for fertilizer; and climate changes. Deforesta- Sub-Saharan African countries use a very small frac- tion is caused by many factors, including increased tion of their intemal renewable water resources. For demand for settlement area, cultivation, fuelwood, or instance, Ethiopia, a nation that has suffered from re- a combination thereof. The information in this chap- peated droughts, uses only 2 percent of its water re- ter provides an empirical framework for assessing sources. The major problem rests in the uneven geo- policy altematives in reversing the continuing deple- graphic distribution of water resources with respect tion of natural resources. to population density and the state of freshwater draw- Data on roundwood production and consumption ing technology. The quality of water is as important are important in monitoring the causes of deforesta- as the quantity of water available. Water-related dis- tion. In addition, since roundwood is a primary source ease accounts for 80 percent of all sicknesses and for of energy in developing nations, data on roundwood 90 percent of the 15 million deaths in developing coun- consumption is essential in analyzing air pollution. tries each year. For instance, for 1985-87, Africa used close to 88 Data on energy production are shown because of percent of its roundwood production for fuel and char- related environmental consequences. Biomass fuel, coal production, while approximately 12 percent of comprising woodfuel and animal and agricultural resi- the roundwood production went to industrial uses. To dues, accounts for 40 to 90 percent of total energy put these figures in perspective, the corresponding fig- used in Sub-Saharan Africa. ures for Europe are 16 and 84 percent. Data on protected areas and endangered species in- Information on fresh water resources available and dicate the intentions of countries to safeguard the en- on the extent and the methods of their uses can pro- vironment and protect the use of natural resources for vide a partial basis for analyzing Africa's agricultural future generations. performance, its potential hydroelectric power, and its populations' health conditions. Almost all 344 Environmental Indicators 14-1. Forest resources9 1990-2000 Forest area Total forest Natural forest Plawnationr Annual % Annual % Annual % Exetent (000 ha) change Extent (000 ha) change Extent (000 ha) change 1990 2000 1990-2000 1990 2000 1990-2000 1990 2000 1990-2000 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA excludrng South Afnica excl S. Afnca&Nigena .. .. Angola 70,998 69,756 -0 2 70,858 69,615 -0 2 140 141 0 1 Benin 3,349 2,650 -2.3 3,248 2,538 -2 5 101 112 1 0 Botswana 13,611 12,427 -09 13,610 12,426 -09 1 1 41 Burkina Faso 7,241 7,089 -0 2 7,220 7,023 -0 3 22 67 11 3 Burundi 241 94 -9 0 189 21 -219 52 73 3 4 Cameroon 26,076 23,858 -0 9 25,998 23,778 -0 9 78 80 0 3 Cape Verde 35 85 9 3 0 0 35 85 8 9 Central Afncan Republic 23,207 22,907 -0 1 22,903 4 Chad 13,509 12,692 -0.6 13,498 12,678 -0 6 11 14 2 5 Comoros 12 8 4 3 11 7 -5 3 1 2 3 9 Congo, Dem Rep of 140,531 135,207 -04 140,435 135,110 -04 96 97 0 1 Congo, Rep of 22,235 22,060 -0 1 22,209 21,977 -0 1 26 83 11 5 C8te d'Ivoire 9,766 7,117 -3 1 9,629 6,933 -33 137 184 29 Djibouti 6 6 0 0 Equatonal Guinea 1,858 1,752 -0 6 1,826 Eintrea 1,639 1,585 -0 3 1,639 1,563 -0 5 0 22 Ethiopia 4,996 4,593 -0 8 4,800 4,377 -0 9 196 216 1 0 Gabon 21,927 21,826 0 0 21,790 36 Gambia, The 436 481 10 479 2 Ghana 7,535 6,335 -1 7 7,476 6,259 -1 8 59 76 2 5 Guinea 7,276 6,929 -0 5 7,264 6,904 -0 5 12 25 7 4 Guinea-Bissau 2,403 2,187 -0 9 2,186 2 Kenya 18,027 17,096 -0 5 17,816 16,865 -0 5 212 232 0 9 Lesotho 14 14 0 0 14 0 0 14 Libena 4,241 3,481 -20 4,124 3,363 -20 118 119 01 Mradagascar 12,901 11,727 -09 12,608 11,378 -10 294 350 17 Malawi 3,269 2,562 -24 3,173 2,450 -26 96 112 1 5 Mali 14,179 13,186 -0 7 14,172 13,172 -0 7 8 15 6 6 Mauntania 415 317 -2 7 415 293 -3 5 0 25 Mauntius 1 7 16 -0 6 4 3 -3 4 13 13 0 2 Mozambique 31,238 30,601 -0 2 31,195 30,551 -0 2 43 50 15 Namibia 8,774 8,040 -0 9 8,040 0 Niger 1,945 1,328 -3 7 1,898 1,256 4 1 48 73 4 2 Nigena 17,501 13,517 -2 6 17,038 12,824 -2 8 463 693 4 0 Rwanda 457 307 -3 9 68 -15 2 246 261 0 6 Sao Tome and Pnncipe 27 27 0 0 211 46 Senegal 6,655 6,205 -0 7 6,501 5,942 -0 9 154 263 5 3 Seychelles 30 30 0 0 25 5 Sierra Leone 1,416 1,055 -2 9 1,049 6 Somalia 8,284 7,515 -1 0 7,512 3 South Afnca 8,997 8,917 -0 1 7,563 7,363 -0 3 1,434 1,554 0 8 Sudan 71,216 61,627 -14 70,876 60.987 -1 5 341 641 63 Swaziland 464 522 1 2 362 161 Tanzania 39,724 38,811 -02 38,676 135 Togo 719 510 -3 4 687 472 -3 8 32 38 17 Uganda 5,103 4,190 -2 0 5,073 4,147 -2 0 30 43 3 6 Zambia 39,755 31,246 -2 4 39,699 31,171 -2 4 56 75 2 9 Zimbabwe 22,239 19,040 -1 5 22,120 18,899 -1 6 119 141 1 7 NORTH AFRICA Algena 1,879 2,145 1 3 1,493 1,376 -02 424 718 5 3 Egypt 52 72 3 3 0 0 0 0 52 72 3 3 Libya 311 358 14 190 190 00 122 168 33 Morocco 3,037 3,025 0 0 3,573 3,514 -0 4 438 534 2 0 Tunisia 499 510 0.2 369 354 -3 5 63 202 11 7 ALL AFRICA 702,272 649,641 -0.7 590,720 640,910 0S 5,771 8,026 3 9 Sources Food and Agriculture Orgamizaon of he United Nations and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Notis 0 - zero or leas ihan half the un. of measure, negauve numbers indicte reducioin mforesi area, = not available Environmental Indicat'ors 345 14-2. Forest ecosystems, 1990-99 Closedforestr Forestr as a % of Percent Foreti ecosystems (1990-99) Land Original original forest frontier Sparse trees and area Forest as a Current Frontier forests c1 AMangro res Tropical foresis Nont raptcalforests park/and (000 ha) % of land forests b/ forests c/ threatened Area Percent Area Percent Area Percent Area Percent 1998 area al 1996 1996 1996 (000 ha) protected (000 ha) protected (000 ha) protecred (000 ha) protected SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA excluding South Africa excl S Africa &Nigena Angola 124,670 20 15 0 III 0 0 37,564 3 0 0 0 0 Benin 11,262 16 4 0 0 0 0 1,516 18 0 0 585 2 Botswana 58,173 2 100 0 0 0 0 12,123 2 0 0 0 0 Burkina Faso 27,400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,667 16 Burundi 2,783 46 3 0 0 0 0 219 18 0 0 139 3 Cameroon 47,544 80 42 8 97 227 2 20,009 6 0 0 2,416 22 Cape Verde 403 Central African Republic 62,298 52 16 4 100 0 0 17,101 20 0 0 1,451 48 Chad 128,400 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,516 4 0 0 2,857 Comoros 223 50 0 0 0 Congo, Dem Rep of 234,486 83 60 16 70 22 0 135,071 7 0 0 172 40 Congo, Rep of 34,200 100 68 29 65 19 76 24,321 4 0 0 0 0 Coile dIlvoire 32,246 75 10 2 100 0 0 2,702 23 0 0 625 18 Djibouti 2,320 2 0 0 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 Equiatorial Guinea 2,805 96 38 0 0 25 0 1,749 0 0 0 0 0 Eritrea 11,760 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Ethiopia 110,430 25 17 0 0 0 0 11,937 19 0 0 4,804 21 Gabon 26,767 100 90 32 100 147 3 21,481 4 0 0 0 0 Gambia,The 1,130 39 62 0 0 51 5 188 5 0 0 244 2 Ghana 23.854 66 9 0 0 0 0 1,694 7 0 0 336 17 Guinea 24,586 76 5 0 0 316 0 3,073 1 0 0 2,723 Guinea-Bissau 3,612 100 34 0 0 317 0 1,141 0 0 0 550 0 Kenya 58,037 17 19 0 0 0 0 3,423 8 0 0 2,754 3 Lesotho 3,035 2 0 0 0 0 0 89 9 0 0 0 0 Liberna 11,137 100 44 0 0 0 0 3,149 3 0 0 1 0 Madagascar 58,704 93 13 0 0 310 0 6,940 6 0 0 0 0 Malawi 11,848 12 0 0 0 0 0 3,830 9 0 0 0 0 Mali 124,019 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,132 2 0 0 336 0 Mauntania 102,552 0 0 0 0 Mauntius 204 Mozambique 80,159 33 14 0 0 565 4 20,863 7 0 0 14,414 7 Nainibia 82,429 0 95 0 0 0 0 3,436 1I 0 0 0 0 Niger 126,700 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 16 0 0 0 0 Nigeria 92,377 45 II I 100 1,145 0 11,634 7 0 0 10,588 4 Rwanda 2,634 36 16 0 0 0 0 291 77 0 0 162 2 Sao Tomh and Pnncipe 96 33 71 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 Senegal 19,672 14 16 0 0 158 3 2,076 7 0 0 8,816 13 Seychelles 45 Sierra Leone 7,174 100 10 0 0 176 1 260 20 0 0 104 0 Somalia 63,766 4 0 0 0 0 0 11,800 I 0 0 1,530 I South Africa 122,104 13 0 0 0 0 0 10,333 5 52 26 0 0 Sudan 250,581 1 0 0 0 0 0 12,288 12 0 0 5,870 9 Swaziland 1,736 22 0 0 0 0 0 286 3 0 0 0 0 Tanzania 94,509 22 9 0 0 323 0 14,356 16 0 0 583 3 Togo 5,679 33 7 0 0 0 0 224 3 0 0 91 9 Uganda 24.104 70 4 0 0 0 0 3,772 17 0 0 1,850 65 Zamnbia 75,261 7 70 0 0 0 0 21,989 32 0 0 39 14 Zimbabwe 39,076 7 67 0 0 0 0 15,397 12 0 0 0 0 NORTH AFRICA . Algenia 238,174 5 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,694 4 1 83 Egypt 100,145 I 0 0 0 0 0 134 0 4 0 0 0 Libya 175,954 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 53 0 0 0 Morocco 44,655 22 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,862 3 0 0 Tunisia _ _ __ 16,361 18 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 2 0 0 AL1AFRIC 3-,0W4279 23 34 S 7718U 448,1 97~9 ~ T 92 6,1) I Source Food and Agriculiure Organization of the Untied Nations Noies a Original forest is that estimated to have covered the planet 8000years ago given current climatewcndiiions b Includes frontier and nonfrontier forests Frostier forests are lnrge, relatively undisturbed forest ecosystems 5 -zero orlessthan halfof the unit of measure, = notavail1able 346 Environmental Indicators 14-3. Wood production and trade, 1986-98 Average annual rowndwood production Average annual forest products production Trade mnfarest products Total roundwood Wood fuel Ihidustrial roundwaod Wood-based pantels Paper and paperboard Impart Export Cubic Percent Cubic Percent Cubic Percent Cubic Percent Metric Percent Value Value Percent meters change meters change meters change myeters change tons change ctnitllioni (miillion of total (000) since (000) since (000) since (000) since (000) since USS) USS) export 1996-98 1986-88 1996-98 1986.88 1996-98 1986-88 1996-98 1986-88 1996-98 1986-88 1996-98 1996-98 1998 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA excluduing South Africa . excl S. Afica &Nigerna ..* Angola 6,272 37 5,220 38 1,052 32 11 -55 0 0 5 1 0 Benin 5,839 32 5,507 32 332 36 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 Botswana 1,641 33 1,540 33 101 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 Burkina Faso 10,506 32 10,022 32 484 32 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 Burundi 1,669 37 1,487 27 182 287 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 Cameroon 15,191 29 11,869 32 3,323 20 124 42 2 -67 22 427 17 Cape Verde 3 Central African Republic 3,388 -1 2,660 -12 728 80 1 -67 0 0 0 27 13 Chad 1,871 37 1,147 36 724 38 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 Comoros 2 0 Congo, Dem Rep of 3,985 30 2,456 33 1.529 25 54 -5 0 0 1 147 8 Congo, Rep of 48,372 41 44,814 42 3,557 28 21 -47 3 13 6 63 4 C6le dIlvoire 12,983 21 9,970 33 3,013 -6 306 42 0 0 37 280 6 Djibouti 2 0 Equatornal Guinea 811 27 447 0 364 92 9 13 0 0 1 57 13 Entrea 2,107 2,110 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 Ethiopia 48,990 46,522 2,468 13 9 16 0 0 Gabon 5,144 62 2,491 33 2,653 104 36 -80 0 0 4 288 9 Gambia, The 813 29 700 18 113 208 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Ghana 21,931 61 20,678 64 1,253 23 136 112 0 0 16 145 9 Guinea 8,643 138 7,977 154 666 32 0 0 0 0 6 9 1 Guinea-Bissau 586 4 422 0 164 18 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 Kenya 28,813 33 26,879 34 1,934 19 52 26 129 41 30 1 0 Lesotho 1,556 27 1,556 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Libena 2,936 -19 2,700 0 236 -75 45 644 0 0 I 12 Madagascar 9,254 20 8,878 28 376 -53 5 20 4 -62 9 6 1 Malawi 9,449 25 8,950 24 499 45 18 213 0 0 4 2 0 Mali 6,284 24 5,890 24 394 21 0 0 0 0 5 I 0 Maunitania 15 29 9 29 6 29 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 Mauritius 15 -54 7 -68 8 -28 55 0 Mozambique 17,973 18 16,724 17 1,249 37 3 -64 0 -100 I 10 2 Nanmibia 0 0 0 Niger 6,260 39 5,873 39 386 39 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 Nigeria 95,993 18 87,001 18 8,992 14 38 -80 59 -28 80 30 0 Rwanda 3,020 -48 3,000 -46 20 -92 0 -100 0 0 2 0 0 Sao Tome and Principe 9 13 0 0 Senegal 4,785 30 4,029 30 756 28 0 0 0 0 24 0 0 Seychelles I 0 Sierra Leone 3,215 16 3,092 18 124 -12 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 Somalia 7,616 8 7,513 8 102 S 0 -100 0 0 0 0 South Africa 32,906 46 14,467 36 18,439 55 653 64 1988 19 482 1025 3 Sudan 9.289 23 7.207 23 2,082 23 2 0 3 -69 34 0 0 Swaziland 1,494 60 560 0 934 150 8 0 0 60 Tanzania 38,193 35 35,947 35 2,246 28 4 -67 25 32 6 5 0 Togo 1,156 41 872 33 284 73 0 0 0 0 3 2 0 Uganda 15,236 30 13,080 30 2,156 33 5 47 3 50 3 0 0 Zambia 8,051 31 7,219 29 832 58 18 -20 3 -2 5 1 0 Zimbabwe 8,192 8 6,260 2 1,932 34 68 148 74 -7 29 22 1 NORTH AFRCA Algeria 2,676 34 2,239 27 437 79 50 0 62 -48 337 0 0 Egypt 2,776 24 2,647 24 129 23 81 27 263 70 949 8 0 Libya 650 2 536 0 114 1I 0 0 6 0 46 0 Morocco 1,324 -7 539 -31 785 21 35 -75 108 2 336 60 1 Tunisia 2,770 23 2,559 20 211- 65 104 16 97 58 203 17 0 ALL AFRICA . . , Source Food and Agrieuilture Organization of the United Nauions Notsm 0 - zeta or less ithan half oftshe unit of measure, - not available Environmental Indicators 347 14-4. Freshwater resources and withdrawals, 1977-2001 Annual internal renewable water resources Annual river flows Apiniual withdrawals Per capita Fr-o-m- ote-r 7Jo othe r Total Percentage Per capita- Total 2001 countries countries Year of (cubic of water (cubic Sectoral withdrawals (percent) (cubic kcm) (cubic mieters) (cubic kni) (cubic kin) data kni) resources meters) Domestic Industrial Agricultural SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA excluding Souith Africa exci S Africa & Nigeria- Angola 184 14,288 1987 0 48 0 3 57 14 1076 Benin 10 1,689 15 5 1994 0 15 1 4 28 23 10 67 Botswana 3 1,788 11 8 1992 0 11 3 8 81 32 20 48 Burkina Faso 13 1,466 1992 0 38 2 1 39 19 0 81 Burundi 4 538 1987 0 10 2 8 20 36 0 64 Cameroon 273 17,766 0 0 0 0 1987 0 40 0 1 38 46 19 35 Cape Verde o Central African Republic 141 39,001 1987 0 07 0 0 26 21 6 73 Chad is 1,961 28 0 1990 0 19 1 3 33 16 2 82 ComorosI Congo, Dem Rep of 900 18,101 84 0 1994 0 36 0 0 8 61 16 23 Congo,Rep of 222 75,387 610 0 1987 0 04 0 0 20 62 27 11 C6te dIlvoire 77 5,187 1 0 1987 0 70 0 9 66 22 II 67 Djibouti 0 Equatonal Guinea 26 66,275 0 0 1987 001t 0 0 30 81 13 6 Entrea ~ ~ ~~~~ ~~3 727 6 0 Ethiopia 11o 1,758 0 0 1987 2 20 2 0 50 11 3 86 Gabon 164 133,754 0 0 1987 0 06 0 0 70 72 22 6 Gambia, The 3 2,298 5 0 1990 0 03 1 0 33 7 2 91 Ghana 30 1,499 22 9 1970 0 30 1 0 35 35 13 52 Guinea 226 30,416 0 0 1987 0 74 0 3 141 10 3 87 Guinea-Bissau 16 13,189 11 0 1991 0 02 0 1 17 60 4 36 Kenya 20 672 10 0 1990 2 05 10 1 87 20 4 76 Lesoltho 5 2,430 0 0 1987 0 05 1 0 31 22 22 56 Liberia 200 63,412 32 0 1987 0 13 01I 54 27 13 60 Madagascar 337 21,139 0 0 1990 19 70 5 8 1694 1 0 99 Malawi 16 1,605 1 1 1994 0 94 5 4 98 10 3 86 Mali 60 5,341 40 0 1987 1 36 2 3 164 2 1 97 Mauntania 0 150 11 0 1990 16 30 4,075 0 8046 6 2 92 Maunitius 2 Mozambique 99 5,081 116 0 1992 0 61 0 6 40 9 2 89 Namibia 6 3,592 39 3 1990 0 25 4 0 185 29 3 68 Niger 4 326 29 0 1990 0 50 14 3 65 16 2 82 Nigeria 221 1,982 59 0 1990 4 00 1 8 46 31 15 54 Rwanda 5 815 1993 0 77 12 2 134 5 I 94 Sao Tome and Principe 2 Senegal 26 2,784 13 0 1990 1 50 5 7 205 5 3 92 Seychelles Sierra Leone 160 32,960 0 0 1987 0 37 0 2 98 7 4 89 Somalia 6 594 9 7 1987 0 81 13 5 115 3 0 97 South Africa 45 1,110 5 2 1990 13 30 29 7 391 17 11 72 Sudan 30 1,187 119 0 1995 17 80 50 9 669 5 1 94 Swaziland 3 Tanzania 82 2,387 9 0 1994 1 17 1 5 40 9 2 89 Togo 12 2,484 0 5 1987 0 09 0 8 28 62 13 25 Uganda 39 1,791 27 0 1970 0 20 0 5 20 32 8 60 Zambia 80 8,747 35 8 1994 I 71 2 1 214 16 7 77 Zimbabwe 14 1,208 5 9 1987 1 22 8 7 136 14 7 79 NORTH AFRICA Algena 14 442 0 4 0 4 1990 4 50 32 4 180 25 15 60 Egypt 2 34 56 0 0 0 1993 55 10 2,395 7 920 6 8 86 Libya 1 143 0 0 0 0 1995 3 89 486 3 783 9 4 87 Morocco 29 1,058 0 0 0 2 1991 11 05 36 8 454 5 3 92 Tunisia 4 367 0 6 0 0 1996 2 83 80 4 312 13 2 86 ALL AFRICA Soar-ce Food and Agriculture organization of tIhe Unitied Nations Noies 0 = zero or less than half oftihe unit of measure. = not available 348 Environmental Indicators 14-5. Marine and freshwater catches, aqiuaculture, balance of trade, and fish consumption Average annual Average annual Average annual Per capita annual marine catch al freshwater catch a/ aquacujlture production Average anntual food supply from) (000 % (000 % 1995-97 (metric tons) balance of trade bl fish and seafood metric change metric change Dia- Fresh- Molluscs 1995-97 (million USS) Total tons) since tolls) sinice Marine dromous water & Crus- Molluscs & Fish 2000 1995-97 1985-87 1995-97 1985-87 fish fish fish taceans Fish crustaceans meal (g SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA . -- excluding South Africa . - excl, S Africa & Nigeria - .- Angola 73 1 5 6 0 -23 -7 9 3 1 12 5 Bemn 9 2 25 0 -6 .-5 3 1 8 7 1 Botswana 2 0 20 -49 -0 3 -0 1 6 3 Burkna Faso . 8 0 5 25 -3 1 0 0 1 7 Burundi 14 8 26 23 -01I 0 0 IS Cameroon 64 24 23.0 1 5 55 -22 3 1 8 -0 3 12 0 Cape Verde 22 3 Central African Republic 12 7 -2 370 4 2 Chad 91.7 49 0 0 6 7 Comoros 18 6 Congo, Dem Rep of 4 93 157 4 3 750 -26 6 7 0 6 2 Congo, Rep of 19 -1 23 9 67 115 -50 4 19 9 C8te dlvoire 56 -28 11 3 -54 655 35 4 4 5 0 1 15 4 Djibouti 2 1 Equatonal Guinea 3 9 0 7 76 .0 2 01I Eritrea 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 8 Ethiopia 0 8 5 46 -01I 0 3 Gabon 33 89 8 8 365 53 -8 9 6 5 50 3 Gambia, The 26 211 2 5 -7 3 0 9 2 6 22 3 Ghana 352 29 67 9 35 500 64 4 2 1 31 2 Guinea 77 154 3.2 26 3 8 4 4 7 0 0 12 5 Guinea-Bissau 5 94 0 3 188 5 7 2 9 3 4 Kenya 4 -20 172 1 53 71 506 0 33 2 51I -0 5 6 0 Lesotho 0 0 4 10 0 0 Liberia 4 -62 4 0 0 0 -1 9 -0 1 6 5 Madagascar 71 101 30 0 -21 0 4,153 2,146 13 4 76 8 0 4 7 5 Malawi 57 9 -22 227 2 0 0 0 1 -0 4 4 1 Mali 114 8 102 73 -0 6 8 2 Maunitania 52 14 5 8 -3 .22 1 104 6 9 3 Mauritius 23 6 Mozamnbique 13 -47 8 0 129 14 -5 4 73 5 2 8 Namitbia 282 1,466 1 3 5I 5 43 11 5 Niger 4 7 112 20 -0 9 0 0 II1 Nigeria 224 46 106 0 14 24 17,014 -208 4 19 6 8 8 Rwanda 3 1 134 47 0 9 S8o Tome and Principe 14 0 Senegal 352 66 54 4 262 49 22 205 9 73 2 3 4 28 1 Seychelles 57 5 Sierra Leone 48 38 14 7 -9 28 13 1 9 9 12 0 Somalia 1s -9 0 3 -26 .4 1 2 6 South Africa 497 -50 0 8 4 3 870 101 2,616 101 8 42 7 -37 1 6 4 Sudan 5 382 40 8 64 . 1,000 24 0 0 0 0 1 6 Swaziland 9 0 Tanzania 43 5 310 7 13 217 51 7 8 9 0 0 7 8 Toga 9 -24 5 0 43 21 -22 5 4 8 12 1 Uganda 207 3 II 205 38 5 8 7 Zambia 64 6 -2 4,550 1 -0 3 0 1 -0 2 7 0 Zimbabwe 16 9 -8 100 63 IS -14 7 -1 2 -0 9 2 1 NORTH AFIRICA . Algeria 99 42 0 0 -100 37 18 256 27 -7 2 2 1 3 8 Egypt 82 99 215 1 67 19,799 50,569 -108 4 -0 5 12 8 Libya 34 108 0 0 0 100 21 4 -0 1 6 1 Morocco 663 39 1 7 30 972 155 767 229 269 6 437 0 2 2 8 4 Tunisia 70 -10 0 7 886 138 380 III 7 5 76 9 -0 1 9 9 ALL AFRICA . .- Smnrce Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Notis a Aquaculture productiion is included in counury totls b Exports minus imports 0-=zero or less thanhalfoftheunitofmeasure, = not available Environmental Indicators 349 14-6. Energy production by source Energy production From all sources From non-renewable energy sources Total electricity generated Per capita Sold fuels Liquid fuels Gaseous fuels Nuclear fuels Other sources (000 metric % change (kg oil (000 metric (000 metric (000 metric (000 nietric (000 metnrc (000 metric % chaige toe) (a) since equivalent) toe) (a) toe) (a) toe) (a) toe) (a) toe) (a) toe) (a) since /997 1987 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 /987 SUB-SAHARAN AFR1CA excluding South Afnca .. .. .. .. excl S Afnca & Nigena Angola 41,430 89 3,537 0 35,700 465 0 0 95 37 Beni 1,897 8 337 0 67 0 0 0 4 92 Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Camneroon 11,250 -7 808 0 6,357 0 0 0 269 25 Cape Verde Central Afncan Republic Chad Comoros Congo, Dem Rep of 14,364 29 299 56 1,315 0 0 0 517 11 Congo, Rep of 13,540 89 4,998 0 12,638 3 0 0 37 53 C6te d'lvoire 4,908 31 349 0 803 0 0 0 276 55 Djibouti Equatonal Guinea Entrea Ethiopia 16,316 27 280 0 0 0 0 0 115 50 Gabon 19,786 129 17,403 0 18,794 68 0 0 87 13 Gambia, The Ghana 5,843 48 313 0 361 0 0 0 529 26 Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya 11,651 20 410 0 0 0 0 0 364 60 Lesotho Libena Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauntania Mauntius Mozamrbique 6,994 -I 379 0 0 0 0 0 86 199 Namibia Niger Nigena 191,034 55 1,839 86 117,249 4,429 0 0 1,305 35 Rwanda Sgo Tome and Principe Senegal 1,654 32 189 0 0 20 0 0 108 52 Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Afnca (a) 142,139 27 3,667 124,678 401 1,543 3,296 0 17,866 38 Sudan 9,881 18 356 0 259 0 0 0 169 43 Swaziliiad Tanzania 13,529 23 431 3 0 0 0 0 166 52 Togo Uganda Zambia 5,556 16 647 106 0 0 0 0 689 -8 Zimbabwe 8,152 9 727 2,712 0 0 0 0 628 15 NORTH AFRICA Algena 125,576 37 4,272 0 61,670 63,381 0 0 1,865 70 Egypt 57,997 9 896 0 44,640 11,070 0 0 4,958 52 Libya 78,942 43 15,151 0 73,067 5,750 0 0 1,563 17 Morocco 836 3 31 211 242 23 0 231 1,129 64 Tunisia 6,655 2 723 0 4,013 1,466 0 0 686 75 ALL AFRICA , . .. c,nrce International Energy Agency (IEA) Notes a Tons of oil equivalent See technical notes for more information on toe 0 = zero or less than half of the unit of measure, = not available or indeterminate 350 Environmental Indicators 14-7. Energy consumption by economic sector Energy Consumption by Economic Sector (lo oftotal consutnptioni) Industry Transportalion Commercial and All industries Iron anid steel 7otal Air Road Agriculture publc services Residential 1987 1997 1987 1997 1987 1997 1987 1997 1987 1997 1987 1997 1987 1997 1987 1997 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA . .. .. excluding South Africa .. .. .. . exel S Afnca&Nigena . Angola 116 00 123 61 62 00 756 Benin 171 00 126 24 o101 00 703 Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon 170 0.0 116 10 106 05 697 Cape Verde Central Afncan Repubhc Chad Comoros Congo Dem Rep of 218 01 5 4 12 4 2 0 0 70 9 Congo, Rep of 142 00 184 63 121 00 657 CitedIvoire 70 00 160 31 125 12 121 620 Djibouti Equatonal Gwnea Enrtrea Ethiopia Gabon 232 00 196 67 110 09 515 Gambia, The Ghana 160 141 00 00 110 132 14 12 90 114 07 10 05 07 698 699 Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya 114 00 126 45 77 65 07 677 Lesotho Libena Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauntania Mauntius Mozambique 7 8 0 0 1 5 0 4 1 1 0 6 3 4 85 0 Nanubia Niger Nigena 109 01 67 07 59 03 797 Rwanda Sao Tomd and Pnncipe Senegal 17 0 0 0 24 0 10 0 12 6 2 3 0 6 55 3 Seychelles Sieria Leone Somalia SouthAfnca 484 366 176 78 210 235 13 25 179 192 26 34 41 52 193 213 Sudan 74 00 178 10 169 01 20 709 Swaziland Tanzania 117 00 17 03 14 32 03 791 Togo Uganda Zambia 236 01 51 09 42 07 20 666 Limbabwe 12 2 2 0 10 0 1 5 8 3 9 2 3 6 61 8 NORTH AFRICA .. . . .. .. .. Algena 212 206 43 23 391 187 33 22 349 122 03 00 15 00 230 292 Egypt 496 478 07 05 198 206 29 36 16.9 169 05 06 00 00 232 229 Libya 325 338 00 00 368 380 61 34 307 346 00 00 00 00 72 95 Morocco 314 237 01 00 280 118 52 37 19.7 57 49 07 65 24 257 247 Tunisia 317 227 12 06 331 280 58 57 219 219 55 62 75 77 220 329 ALL AFRICA . . . .. Source Isiernational Energy Agency (IEA) Notes 0 = zero or less ihnn half of ihe uni of measure, not available or indeerminate Environmental Indicators 351 14-8. CO, emissions from industrial processes, 1998 CO2 enmissions (000 metric tons) Per capita Cemenit carbon Solid Liquid Gaseous Gas mantiufaci- Total emissionis fuels hels fue/s flaring uring Total Total contributioio (kilograms) 1998 1998 1998 1998 1998 1990 1998 Since 1950 1996 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA excluding South Africa excl S. Afnca & Nigena Angola 0 2,928 1,085 1,738 174 4,650 5,925 145,552 450 Benin 0 473 0 0 259 564 732 14,762 120 Botswana 2,510 1,268 4 9 0 2,415 3,778 51,505 13,035 Burkina Faso 0 989 0 0 20 1,008 1,009 14,682 90 Burundi 18 213 0 0 0 194 231 3,975 35 Cameroon 4 1,535 0 0 224 1,488 1,763 86,507 260 Cape Verde 0 121 0 0 0 84 121 Central African Republic o 249 0 0 0 198 249 5,866 70 Chad 0 110 0 0 0 143 110 5,027 14 Comoros 0 70 0 0 0 66 70 Congo, Dem Rep of 865 1,510 0 0 60 4,096 2,434 142,475 49 Congo, Rep of 0 1,645 7 167 0 2,037 1,820 40,161 1,884 C6te d'lvoire 0 12,875 0 0 324 9,907 13,199 185,109 946 Djibouti 0 366 0 0 0 352 366 Equatonal Guinea 0 253 0 0 0 117 253 2,862 349 Entrea 1,990 Ethiopia 0 1,579 0 0 411 2,964 2,820 66,509 59 Gabon 0 1,466 1,257 0 98 6,112 227 135,432 3,333 Gainbia, The o 227 0 0 0 191 4,357 4,481 188 Ghana 7 3,353 0 0 997 3,539 1,225 109,271 223 Guinea o 1,096 0 0 130 1,011 231 32,445 150 Guinea-Bissau 0 231 0 0 0 209 9,131 4,477 208 Kenya 176 8,358 0 0 598 5,822 353 180,020 243 Lesotho 1,251 Libena 0 348 0 0 5 465 747 33,189 148 Madagascar 48 1,143 0 0 60 945 485 37,860 84 Malawi 44 616 0 0 87 601 2,916 18,184 75 Mali 0 480 0 0 5 421 1,726 12,025 46 Mauntania 15 2,876 0 0 25 2,634 1,332 40,648 1,232 Mauntius 180 1,546 0 0 0 1,151 10 Mozambique 92 1,096 0 0 144 997 1,110 89,149 56 Namibia 0 0 0 0 10 78,455 Niger 462 630 0 0 18 1,048 2,231 20,863 119 Nigena 172 25,410 11,325 40,203 1,345 88,665 511 1,944,327 822 Rwanda 0 502 0 2 7 528 7 9,167 90 SAO Tome and Pnrncipe 0 77 0 0 0 66 77 Senegal 0 2,799 0 0 498 2,895 3,298 76,142 358 Seychelles o 198 0 0 0 114 198 Sierra Leone 0 473 0 0 50 333 523 19,844 104 Somalia 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 13,747 2 South Africa (a) 275,232 61,094 2,656 0 4,734 291,108 343,716 8,541,575 7,678 Sudan 0 3,448 0 0 150 3,459 3,597 137,001 128 Swaziland 399 0 0 0 0 425 399 Tanzania 15 2,063 0 0 150 2,272 2,227 61,694 80 Togo 0 601 0 0 281 689 882 17,023 180 Uganda 0 1,176 0 0 105 846 1,281 32,837 53 Zambia 454 905 0 0 199 2,444 1,559 111,151 291 Zimbabwe 12,161 1,363 0 0 548 16,646 14,072 369,232 1,667 NORTH AFRICA Algena 1,726 33,027 54,641 13,332 3,887 80,443 106,613 1,725,913 3,283 Egypt 2,510 69,957 23,717 0 9,569 75,434 105,753 1,856,890 1,541 Libya 15 20,910 10,508 3,520 1,495 37,772 36,448 855,830 7,978 Morocco 9,277 19,100 70 0 3,588 23,486 32,035 558,859 1,055 Tunisia 209 14,374 5,236 259 2,287 13,260 22,364 318,035 1,782 ALL AFRICA Soi,rces Carbon Dioxide Inforriation Analysis Center Notes Estimates are of the carbon dioside emitted, 3 664 tImes the carbon it rotains O =zero or less than half the unit of measure, not available 352 Environmental Indicators 14-9. Globally threatened species: mammals, birds, and higher plants, late 1990s Mammals Birds Higher plants Total number of No of Total nunmber of No of Total number of No of known species species known species species known species species All Endemic Threaiened per 10,000 Breeding Endemic Threatened per 10,000 All Endemic Threatened per 10,000 species species species In 2 a/ species species species kn 2 a( species bl species species ln3 al SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA .. .. . eXCluding South Aftica .. exCl. S Afiira&Nigeria .. .. . ,. , .. Angola 276 7 17 56 765 12 13 156 5,185 1,260 20 1,055 Benin 188 0 9 85 307 0 1 138 2,201 2 990 Botswana 164 0 5 43 386 1 7 101 2,151 17 0 563 BurcknaFaso 147 0 6 49 335 0 1 112 1,100 369 Burundi 107 0 5 76 451 0 6 322 2,500 0 1,783 Cameroon 409 14 32 114 690 8 14 193 8,260 156 67 2,310 Cape Verde 5 1 7 38 4 3 51 774 86 Central Afncan Repubihc 209 2 1 1 53 537 1 2 137 3,602 100 1 921 Chad 134 1 14 27 370 0 3 75 1,600 5 322 Comoros 12 3 20 50 14 6 82 721 136 Congo, Dem Rep of 450 28 38 74 929 24 26 153 6,000 1,100 69 1,818 Congo, Rep of 200 2 10 62 449 0 3 140 11,007 1,200 2 1,870 Cbte dlvoire 230 0 16 73 535 2 12 170 3,660 62 42 1,163 Djiboutli 61 3 46 126 1 3 96 826 6 Equatonal Guinea 184 1 12 131 273 3 4 194 3,250 66 6 2,312 En;trea 112 0 6 50 319 0 3 140 Ethiopia 255 31 35 54 626 28 20 133 6,603 1,000 125 1,398 Gabon 190 3 12 64 466 1 4 157 6,651 78 2,248 Gambia,The 117 0 4 112 280 0 1 269 974 0 935 Ghana 222 1 13 78 529 0 10 186 3,725 43 22 1,308 Guinea 190 1 11 66 409 0 12 142 3,000 88 29 1,043 Guinea-Bissau 108 0 4 71 243 0 1 159 1,000 12 655 Kenya 359 23 43 94 847 9 24 221 6,506 265 130 1,703 Lesotho 33 0 2 23 58 0 5 40 1,591 2 0 1,103 Libena 193 0 11 87 372 1 13 168 2,200 103 1 993 Madagascar 141 93 46 37 202 105 28 53 9,505 6,500 255 2,479 Malawi 195 0 7 86 521 0 9 230 3,765 49 46 1,665 Mali 137 0 13 28 397 0 6 81 1,741 11 5 355 Mauntania 61 1 14 13 273 0 3 59 1,100 2 239 Mauntius 4 4 7 27 8 10 46 878 325 Mozambique 179 2 13 42 498 0 14 117 5,692 219 57 1,340 Namibia 250 3 1 1 58 469 3 8 109 4,040 687 14 942 Niger 131 0 11 27 299 0 2 60 1,178 238 Nigena 274 4 26 62 681 2 9 153 4,715 205 16 1,059 Rwanda 151 0 9 110 513 0 6 373 2,290 26 0 1,664 Sao Tome and Pnrncipe 8 3 17 63 25 9 137 895 134 Senegal 192 0 13 72 384 0 6 144 2,086 26 15 780 Seychelles 6 2 17 38 11 9 106 1,230 182 SiefraLeone 147 0 9 77 466 1 12 243 2,090 74 8 1,091 Somalia 171 12 18 43 422 11 8 107 3,028 500 57 768 South Afnca 255 35 33 52 596 8 16 122 23,420 1,875 4,797 Sudan 267 11 21 43 680 1 9 110 3,137 50 2 507 Swaziland 47 5 39 364 0 6 303 2,715 4 Tanzania 316 15 33 70 827 24 30 183 10,008 1,122 326 2,231 Togo 196 0 8 110 391 0 1 220 3,085 0 1,739 Uganda 338 6 18 118 830 3 10 290 5,406 8 1,891 Zambia 233 3 11 56 605 2 10 145 4,747 211 5 1,141 Zimbabwe 270 0 9 81 532 0 9 159 4,440 95 73 1,325 NORTH AFRICA Algena 92 2 15 15 192 1 8 32 3,164 250 125 520 Egypt 98 7 15 21 153 0 11 33 2,076 70 59 454 Libya 76 5 11 14 91 0 2 17 1,825 134 41 331 Morocco 105 4 18 30 210 0 11 60 3,675 625 182 1,049 Tunisia 78 1 11 31 173 0 6 69 2,196 6 873 ALL AFRICA . . Source World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) Notes a Values Ue standardized using a species-area curve b Flowering plants only -not available Environmental Indicators 353 14-10. Globally threatened species: reptiles, amphibians, and fish, late 1990s Reptiles Anmphibiwns Freshwaterfish Total numiber of No of 7otal numiber of No of Total number of knowni species species known species species laiown species All Endemic Threatened per IO, 000 All Endemic Threatened per 10, 000 All Threatened species species species kni' a/ species species species knin2 a/ species species bl SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA cxcluding South Africa exci. S Africa & Nigeria . AnV gola 1 9 5 22 0 0 Bcnin 1 2 0 0 150 0 Botswana 157 2 0 4 1 38 0 0 1 0 92 0 BurkinaFaso 3 0 0 0 BuruLndi 0 0 2 0 0 Canieroon 183 2 1 3 5 1 190 66 1 53 354 26 Cape Verde 12 9 3 16 0 0 0 0 1 Central African Republic 129 0 1 33 47 0 0 1 2 0 Chad 5 1 1 1 0 0 0 Comoroa 22 7 2 36 2 0 0 3 15 I Congo, Dem Rep of 377 35 3 62 80 53 0 13 1 Congo,Rep of 1 2 1 0 0 C6tie dIlvoire 3 4 3 10 Djibouti 36 0 2 27 3 0 0 2 1 0 Equatorial Guinea 4 2 2 1 0 Eiiirea 85 1 3 38 19 2 0 8 0 Ethiopia 188 9 1 40 62 24 0 13 150 0 Gabon 3 3 4 0 0 Gamnbia, The 47 1 45 30 0 0 29 79 0 Ghana 1 4 4 0 0 -Guinea 3 3 3 10 Guinea-Bissau 2 3 I 0 0 Kenya 190 18 5 50 88 10 0 23 20 Lesotho 2 0 0 0 8 Libenia 62 2 3 28 38 4 1 17 0 Madagascar 363 259 17 95 179 155 2 47 121 13 Malawi 124 7 0 55 69 3 0 31 0 Mali 16 4 I 3 1 0 0 Mauntania 1 3 0 0 0 Mauntius I I 11 6 19 0 0 0 0 Mozamnbique 167 5 5 39 62 10 15 2 Namibia 250 25 3 58 51 2 1 12 114 3 Niger o 0 0 0 Nigeria 135 7 4 30 109 1 0 24 260 0 Rwanda I 0 1 0 0 SdoaToml and Prncipe 16 7 2 35 9 8 0 20 0 Senegal 100 1 7 37 2 1 0 1 79 0 Seychielles 37 14 4 103 12 1 1 4 33 0 Sierra Leonc 1 3 2 0 0 Somalia 193 49 2 49 27 3 0 7 3 South Africa 315 97 19 65 108 49 9 22 94 27 Sudan 8 3 1 0 0 Swaziland 102 0 0 85 40 0 0 33 40 0 Tanzania 289 61 4 64 133 49 0 30 19 Togo i 3 0 0 Uganda 149 2 1 52 50 1 0 17 291 28 Zambia 145 3 0 35 65 1 0 16 106 0 Limbsabwe 153 2 0 46 120 3 0 36 112 0 NORTH AFRICA Algeria 8 1 4 I 1 3 10 0 0 2 Egypt 83 0 6 18 6 0 0 1 70 0 Libya 56 1 3 10 3 0 0 1 0 Morocco 90 1 1 2 26 II I 0 3 Tunisia 62 I 2 25 7 0 0 3 0 ALL AFRICA Souirce World Conservation Moniioring Centre (WCMC) Notes a Values are standardized uting a species-area curve b Threatened species include a few marine species =not available 354 Environmental Indicators 14-1 in National protection of naturall areas, 2001 All protected areas (IUCN categories J- I) Number of Percent No of Areas at least Marine Protected Areas (a) Area of land 100,000 I million (IUCN Categornes -VI) Number (000 ha) area ha in Size ha in Size Total Littoral Marine SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA .. excluding South Africa .. .. exci S. Afica & Nigeria .. Angola 13 8,181 6 6 9 2 4 4 3 Bemn 2 778 6 9 2 0 Botswana 12 10,499 18 0 7 3 Burkina Faso 12 2,855 10 4 6 1 Burundi 13 146 5 3 0 0 1 1 1 Cameroon I 2,098 4 4 8 0 2 1 2 Cape Verde 2 Central Afncan Republic 1 3 5,110 8 2 1 1 2 Chad 9 11,494 90 9 2 Comoros Congo, Dem Rep of 15 10,191 43 9 4 1 1 0 Congo,Rep of 9 1,545 45 5 0 1 I C6teddIvoire 11 1,986 6 2 4 1 3 3 1 Djibouti 2 Equatonal Gunea 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 0 -Entrea 3 501 4 3 2 0 Ethiopia 21 5,518 5 0 14 0 Gabon 5 723 2 7 1 0 4 4 1 Gambia, The 6 23 20 0 0 5 5 3 Ghana 10 1,104 4 6 3 0 Guinea 3 164 07 1 0 1 0 1 Guinea-Bissau 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 Kenya 50 3,507 60 7 1 14 13 10 Lesotho 1 7 02 0 0 Libena 1 129 12 1 0 Madagascar 40 1,121 1 9 1 0 3 3 1 Malawi 9 1,059 89 3 0 Mali 13 4,532 3 7 8 2 Mauntania 9 1,746 17 3 1 5 5 2 Mauntius 15 1 4 Mozambique 11 4,779 60 7 1 7 7 6 Namibia 20 10,616 12 9 7 3 4 4 0 Niger 6 9,694 7 7 4 2 Nigena 27 3,021 3 3 9 0 Rwanda 6 362 13 8 1 0 Sao Tome and Pnncipe Senegal 12 2,181 11 1 3 0 7 6 6 Seychelles 16 15 SierraLeone 2 82 1 1 0 0 Somalia 2 180 0 3 1 0 2 2 2 SouthAfnca 390 6,619 54 6 1 20 17 8 Sudan 11 8.642 3 4 6 2 2 0 2 Swaziland Tanzania 39 13,817 14 6 19 3 9 8 8 Togo 9 429 7 6 2 0 1 0 1 Uganda 37 1,913 7 9 6 0 Zambia 35 6,366 8 5 11 1 Zimbabwe 48 3,071 7 9 6 1 NORTH AFRICA Algena 18 5,891 2 5 2 2 8 6 3 Egypt 16 794 0 8 1 0 18 16 6 Libya 8 173 01 1 0 5 2 3 Morocco 12 317 0 7 1 0 10 9 3 Tunisia 7 45 03 0 0 7 5 4 ALL AFRICA Sr,rce World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) Notes a Includes areas with substantial terrestrial components that reach the shore An area can be both, maine and littoral (see technical notes) 0 = zero or less than half the unt of measure = not available or indeterminate Environmental Indicators 355 14-12. International protected areas, 2001 International protecti on systems Biosphere World Wetlands of reserves heritage sites international importance Area Area Area Nun,ber (000 ha) Number (000 ha) Nuniber (000 ha) SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA excluding South Afnca excl. S Africa &Nigeria Angola 0 ° 0 0 Benin 1 623 0 0 2 139 Botswana 0 0 0 1 6,864 Burkina Faso 1 186 0 0 3 299 Burundi 0 0 0 0 Cameroon 3 850 1 526 0 Cape Verde Central Afncan Republic 2 1,640 1 1,740 0 Chad 0 0 0 1 195 Comoros Congo, Dem Rep of 3 283 5 6,855 2 866 Congo, Rep of 2 246 0 0 1 439 Cotc d'lvoire 2 1,480 3 1,484 1 19 Djibouti Equatonal Guinea 0 0 0 0 Entrea 0 0 0 0 Ethiopia 0 1 22 0 Gabon 1 15 0 0 3 1,080 Gambia, The 0 0 0 1 20 Ghana 1 8 0 0 6 178 Guinea 2 133 1 13 6 225 Guinea-Bissau I 110 0 0 1 39 Kenya 5 891 2 300 2 49 Lesotho 0 0 0 0 Libena 0 0 0 Madagascar 1 140 1 152 2 53 Malawi 0 1 9 1 225 Mali 1 2,349 1 400 3 162 Mauntania 0 1 1,200 2 1,216 Mauntius 1 4 0 0 0 Mozambique 0 0 0 0 Namibia 0 0 0 4 630 Niger 1 25,128 2 7,957 1 220 Nigena I 0 0 0 0 Rwanda 1 15 0 0 0 Sao Tome and Pnncipe Senegal 3 1,094 2 929 4 100 Seychelles Sierra Leone 0 0 0 1 295 Somalia 0 0 0 0 South Afnca 0 104 0 0 16 493 Suidan 2 1,901 0 0 0 Swaziland o 0 0 0 Tanzania 2 2,338 4 6,860 0 Togo 0 0 0 2 194 Uganda 1 220 2 132 1 15 Zanbia 0 1 7 2 333 Zimbabwe 0 2 733 0 NORTH AFRICA Algena 3 7,294 1 8,000 3 5 Egypt 2 2,456 0 0 2 106 Libya 0 0 0 0 Morocco 1 2,569 0 0 4 14 Tunisia 4 32 1 13 1 13 ALL AFRICA 48 52,109 33 37,332 79 14,486 Sowrce World Conservation Moniioring Cenire (WCMC), Uamied Nations Educational, Scientific, and Culnural Organizaion (UNESCO), and Ramsar Convention Bureau, Switzeriand Notes 0 = zero or less than half the unt of measure = not available or indeterminate 356 Environmental Indicators Technical notes Tables Average annual percent change is shown as a per- centage of the exponential growth rate. If negative (in These notes are based on technical notes for each table parentheses), these figures reflect net deforestation, as presented in WRI 2001. They have been edited which is defined as the cleanng of forest lands for all and shortened for this volume. Readers are urged to forms of agricultural uses (shifting cultivation, per- consult the original source for details. manent agnculture, and ranching) and for other land uses such as settlements, other infrastructure, and mining. In tropical countries, this entails clearing that Table 14-1. Forest resources, 1990-2000. Total for- reduces tree crown cover to less than 10 percent. De- est consists of all forest area for temperate countries forestation, as defined here, does not reflect changes and the sum of natural forest and plantation area categories. within the forest stand or site, such as selective log- FAO defines a naturalforest as a forest composed ging (unless the forest cover is permanently reduced primanly of indigenous (native) tree species. Natural to less than 10 percent). forests include closed forest, where trees cover a high proportion of the ground and where grass does not Table 14-2. Forest ecosystems, 1990-99. Closedfor- form a continuous layer on the forest floor (e.g., broad- ests exclude some woodlands and wooded savanna. leaved forests, coniferous forests, and bamboo for- Originalforest as a percentage of land area refers ests), and open forest, which FAO defines as mixed to the estimate of the percentage of land that would forest/grasslands with at least 10 percent tree cover have been covered by closed forest about 8,000 years and a continuous grass layer on the forest floor. Natu- ago, assuming current climatic conditions, before ral forests encompass all stands except plantations and large-scale disturbance by human society began. include stands that have been degraded to some de- Currentforests refer to estimated closed forest cover gree by agriculture, fire, logging, and other factors. within the past 10 years or so (this varies by country). Plantations refer to forest stands established artifi- Only closed moist forests are given for Africa. cially by afforestation and reforestation for industrial Frontierforests are large, relatively intact forest eco- and nonindustrial usage. Reforestation does not in- systems. They represent undisturbed forest areas that clude regeneration of old tree crops (through either are large enough to maintain all of their biodiversity, natural regeneration or forest management), although including viable populations of wide-ranging species some countries may report regeneration as reforesta- associated with each forest type. tion. Many trees are also planted for nonindustrial Percentage offrontier forests threatened refers to uses, such as village wood lots. Reforestation data frontier forests where ongoing or planned human ac- often exclude this component. The data presented here tivities such as logging, mining, and other large-scale reflect plantation survival rates as estimated by FAO. disturbances will eventually degrade the ecosystem through species decline or extinction, drastic changes Environmental Indicators 357 in the forest's age structure, etc., and would result, if Sectoral withdrawals are classified as domestic continued, in the violation of one of the (drinking water, homes, commercial establishments, above-mentioned criteria. public services [for example, hospitals], and munici- Tropicalforests include all forests located between pal use or provision); industry (including water with- the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn All other for- drawn to cool thermoelectric plants), and agriculture ests are put into the nontropical category. (irrigation and livestock). Percentage protected includes forest areas that fall within the protected areas in the world that are listed Table 14-5. Marine and freshwater catches, aqua- as the World Conservation Union's (IUCN) manage- culture, balance of trade, and fish consumption. ment categories I-V. Marine andfreshwater catch data refer to marine and freshwater fish, killed, caught, trapped, collected, bred, Table 14-3. Wood production and trade, 1986-98. or cultivated for commercial, industrial, and subsis- Total roundwoodproduction refers to all wood in the tence use (catches from recreational activities are in- rough, whether destined for industrial or fuelwood uses. cluded where available). Crustaceans and mollusks are Industrial roundwood production comprises all included. Statistics for mariculture, aquaculture, and roundwood products other than fuelwood and charcoal. other kinds of fish farming are included in the coun- Processed woodproduction includes sawnwood and try totals. Figures are the national totals averaged over panels. a 3-year period; they include fish caught by a country's Paper and paper board includes newsprint, print- fleet anywhere in the world. Catches of freshwater ing and writing paper, and other paper and paperboard. species caught in low-salinity seas are included in the Trade in forest products is the balance of imports statistics of the appropriate marine area. Marine catch minus exports. includes catches of diadromous (migratory between saltwater and freshwater) species. Table 14-4. Freshwater resources and withdraw- Data are represented as nominal catches, which are als, 1977-2001. Annual mtemal renewable water re- the landings converted to a live-weight basis, that is, sources refer to the average annual flow of nvers and the weight when caught. groundwater generated from endogenous precipita- Landings for some countries are identical to catches. tion. Caution should be used when comparing differ- Aquaculture is defined by FAO as "the farming of ent countries because these estimates are based on dif- aquatic organisms, including fish, mollusks, crusta- fering sources and dates. These annual averages also ceans, and aquatic plants. Farming implies some form disguise large seasonal, inter-annual, and long-term of intervention in the rearing process to enhance pro- variations. When data for annual river flows from and duction, such as regular stocking, feeding, and pro- to other countries are not shown, the internal renew- tection from predators, etc. [It] also implies owner- able water resources figure may include these flows. ship of the stock being cultivated. . . ." Aquatic or- Per capita annual internal renewable water resource ganisms that are exploitable by the public as a com- data were calculated using 2001 population estimates. mon property resource are included in the harvest of Annual withdrawals as a percentage of water re- fisheries. sources refer to total water withdrawals, not counting Marine fish include a variety of species groups such evaporative losses from storage basins, as a percent- as mullets, sea basses, groupers, snappers, tunas, age of internal renewable water resources and river mackerels, etc. Diadromusfish include surgeons, river flows from other countries. Water withdrawals also eels, salmons, trouts, etc. Freshwater fish include mclude water from desalmation plants in countries where carps, perches, catfish, and tilapias, among others. that source is a sigmficant part of all water withdrawals. Mollusks include freshwater molluscs, oysters, mus- Per capita annual withdrawals were calculated us- sels, scallops, clams, abalones, and cephalopods. ing national population data for the year of data shown Crustaceans include, among others, freshwater crus- for withdrawals. taceans, crabs, lobsters, shrimps, and prawns Data on whales and other marine mammals are excluded 358 Environmental Indicators from this table. Energy production from nuclear fuels shows the Balance of trade is defined as exports minus im- primary heat equivalent of the electncity produced ports. Figures are the national totals averaged over a by nuclear power plants. Heat-to-electricity conver- 3-year period in millions of U.S dollars. Imports are sion efficiency is assumed to be 33 percent. usually on a cost, insurance, and freight basis (c.i.f.) Total electricity generated is the toe equivalent of (i.e., insurance and freight costs added in). Exports the electrical energy produced by thermal, nuclear, are generally on a free-on-board basis (FOB) (i.e., not geothermal, hydropower (excluding pumped storage including insurance or freight costs). A surplus of im- production), and other power plants. Electricity gen- ports over exports is shown in parentheses. Trade in erated is not a primary energy source and should not fish includes fish that is fresh, frozen, chilled, salted, be mistakenly added to the energy production from or smoked as well as fish products and preparations. primary sources presented in this table. These data Trade in mollusks and crustaceans includes mollusks were converted from gigawatt-hours to toe using a and crustaceans that are fresh, chilled, smoked, de- conversion rate of lGwh = 86 toe. rived products, etc. Trade in fish meal includes meals, solubles, etc. Table 14-7. Energy consumption by economic sec- Per capita annual food supply from fish and sea- tor. Industry sector includes energy consumption by food is the quantity of both freshwater and marine the iron and steel industry, chemical industry, non- fish, seafood, and derived products available for hu- ferrous metals basic industries, nonmetallic mineral man consumption. Data on aquatic plants and whale products (glass, ceramic, cement, etc ), transport meat are excluded from the totals. The amount of fish equipment, machinery, mining and quarrying, food and seafood actually consumed may be lower than and tobacco, paper, pulp and print, wood and wood the figures provided, depending on how much is lost products, construction, textile and leather, and any during storage, preparation, and cooking, and on how nonspecified industry. much is discarded. Data are presented in kilograms Iron and steel consumption is the energy consumed per capita. Years shown are 3-year averages. by the iron and steel industry as a percentage of the total energy consumed by the country. Table 14-6. Energy production by source. All en- Transportation sector includes all fuel for air, road, ergy data in a common unit of 1,000 metric tons of oil and water transport except fuel used for international equivalent (toe) to facilitate comparisons of energy marine bunkers and for ocean, coastal, and inland fish- sourcing, consumption, substitution, and conservation. ing. Air transportation includes both international and A toe is defined as 41.868 gigajoules. domestic civil aviation. Road transportation includes Energy production from all sources is the amount all human and cargo transport along national road of energy from all sources produced by each country networks. in the year specified. In addition to solid, liquid, and Agriculture refers to all agricultural and forestry ac- gaseous fuels and nuclear electricity, the total also tivity, including ocean, coastal, and inland fishing. includes hydropower, geothermal, solar, wind, tidal, Commercial andppublic services refer to service sec- wave, combustible renewables and waste, and indig- tors such as stores, repair shops, and restaurants. enous heat production from heat pumps. Per capita Residential sector includes household energy use. shows the amount produced per person for that country. The IEA reports that it can be difficult to distin- Energy production from solidfuels is the energy guish accurately between the agriculture, commercial, produced from all types of primary coal (i.e., hard and public services sectors and that a figure for "total coal or lignite). Peat is also included in the category. energy use" is more accurate than totals for the indi- Energy production from liquidfuels is energy pro- vidual sectors. duced from liquid fuels such as crude oil or natural gas liquids. Table 14-8. CO2 emissions from industrial pro- Energy production from gaseousfuels is the amount cesses, 1998. This table includes data on industrial of energy produced from natural gas. additions to the carbon dioxide flux from solid fuels, Environmental Indicators 359 liquid fuels, gas fuels, gas flaring, and cement manu- (for the latter reason, country totals of species and facture. The Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis endemics may be underestimates). In general, num- Center (CDIAC) annually calculates emissions of CO2 bers of mammals and birds are fairly well known, from the burnig of fossil fuels and the manufacture while plants have not been as well inventoried. of cement for most of the countries of the world. The World Conservation Union classifies threatened Estimates of total and per capita national emissions and endangered species in six categories. do not include bunker fuels used in international trans- Endangered. "Taxa in danger of extinction and port because of the difficulty of apportioning these whose survival is unlikely if the causal factors con- fuels among countries benefiting from that transport. tinue operating." Emissions from bunker fuels are shown separately Vulnerable. "Taxa believed likely to move into the for the country where the fuel was delivered. endangered category in the near future if the causal Emissions of CO2 are often calculated and reported factors continue operating " in terms of their content of elemental carbon. CDIAC Rare. "Taxa with world populations that are not at reports them that way. For this table, CDIAC's fig- present endangered or vulnerable, but are at risk." ures were converted to the actual mass by 3.664 (the Indeterminate. "Taxa known to be endangered, vul- ratio of the mass of carbon to that of C02). nerable, or rare but where there is not enough infor- Solid, liquid, and gas fuels are pnmarily, but not mation to say which of the three categories is appro- exclusively, coals, petroleum products, and natural priate." gas. Gas flaring is the practice of burning off gas re- Out of danger. "Taxa formerly included in one of leased in the process of petroleum extraction, a prac- the above categones, but which are now considered tice that is declining. During cement manufacture, relatively secure because effective conservation mea- cement is calcined to produce calcium oxide. In the sures have been taken or the previous threat to their process, 0.498 metric ton of CO2 is released for each survival has been removed " metric ton of cement produced. Total emissions con- Insufficiently known. "Taxa that are suspected but sist of the sum of the CO2 produced during the con- not definitely known to belong to any of the above sumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels, and from gas categories." flaring and the manufacture of cement. The number of threatened species listed for all coun- Combustion of different fossil fuels releases CO2 at tries includes full species that are endangered, vul- different rates for the same level of energy produc- nerable, rare, indeterminate, and insufficiently known, tion. Buming oil releases about 1.5 times the amount but excludes introduced species or those known to be of CO2 released from burnig natural gas; burning coal extinct. releases about twice as much CO2 as natural gas. Number of species per 10,000 square kilometers provides a relative estimate for comparing numbers Table 14-9. Globally threatened species: mammals, of species among countries of differing size. Because birds, and higher plants, late 1990s. The total num- the relationship between area and species number is ber of known species may include introductions in nonlinear (that is, as the area sampled increases, the some instances. Data on mammals exclude cetaceans number of new species located decreases), a (whales and porpoises), except where otherwise in- species-area curve has been used to standardize these dicated. Threatened bird species are listed for coun- species numbers. tries included within their breeding or wintering ranges. Higher plants refer to numbers of native vas- Table 14-10. Globally threatened species: reptiles, cular plant species, as totals are of full species only, amphibians, and fish, late 1990s. Threatened ma- rather than of species and subspecies. The number rine turtles and marine fish are excluded from coun- of endemic species refers to those species known to try totals. Endangered fish species numbers do not be found only within the countries listed. Figures are include approximately 250 haplochromine and 2 not necessarily comparable among countries because tilapiine species of Lake Victoria cichlids, since the taxonomic concepts and the extent of knowledge vary ranges of these species are undetermined. 360 Environmental Indicators The number of species per 10,000 square kilome- small area of intertidal land. Many of these MPAs have ters provides a relative estimate for comparing num- large terrestrial areas. The extent of the marine por- bers of species among countries of differing size. tion of most protected areas is rarely documented. The degree of protection varies from one country to an- Table 14-11. National protection of natural areas, other, and it may bear little relationship to the legal 2001.Allprotected areas combine natural areas in five status of any site. The categories of marine and lit- World Conservation Union (formerly the International toral are not exclusive. One protected area can be lit- Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Re- toral and marine, therefore adding numbers under sources, IUCN), management categories (areas at least these two different categones may produce a higher 1,000 hectares). number than the total for MPAs. Littoral is defined as Totally protected areas are maintained in a natural any site that is known to incorporate at least some state and are closed to extractive uses. They encom- intertidal area. Such sites can also include marine and/ pass the following three management categories: cat- or terrestrial elements. All sites with mangrove and egory 1, scientific reserves and strict nature reserves; saltmarsh communities are recorded as littoral. Ma- category 11, national parks and provincial parks; and rine is defined as any site that is known to incorporate category 111, natural monuments and natural land- at least some subtidal area permanently submerged marks. under the ocean. Such sites can also include littoral Partially protected areas are areas that may be man- and terrestrial elements. All sites with coral reefs and aged for specific uses, such as recreation or tounsm, seagrasses are recorded as marine or areas that provide optimum conditions for certain The values in this table do not include locally or species or communities of wildlife Some extractive provincially protected sites, or privately owned areas. use within these areas is allowed. They encompass two management categories: category IV, managed Table 14-12. International protected areas, 2001. nature reserves wildlife sanctuaries; and category V, Internationally protected areas usually include sites protected landscapes and seascapes. that are listed under national protection systems. Protected areas between at least 100,000 hectares Biosphere reserves are representative of terrestrial and I million hectares in size refer to all IUCN cat- and coastal environments that have been intemation- egory I-V protected areas that fall within these two ally recognized under the Man and the Biosphere classifications. Programme of UNESCO. IUCN has an additional management category, cat- World heritage sites represent areas of "outstand- egory VI, which includes areas "managed mainly for ing universal value" for their natural features, their the sustainable use of natural ecosystems." These ar- cultural value, or for both natural and cultural values. eas contain predominantly unmodified natural sys- The table includes only natural and mixed natural and tems, managed to ensure long-term protection and cultural sites. maintenance of biological diversity, while also pro- Any party to the Convention on Wetlands of Inter- viding a sustainable flow of natural products and ser- national Importance, especially as it pertains to wa- vices to meet community needs. terfowl habitat, agrees to respect the site's integrity Marine protected areas include protected areas in and to establish wetland reserves can designate wet- any of the IUCN categories (I-VI) that are marine or lands of international importance. have a marine component. IUCN defines a "marine Marine and coastal protected areas refer to all pro- protected area" as "any area of intertidal or subtidal tected areas greater than 1,000 hectares with littoral, terrain, together with its overlying water and associ- coral, island, marine, or estuarine components. The ated flora and fauna, historical and cultural features, area given is the whole protected area. which has been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environ- ment." Marine protected areas (MPAs) include areas that are fully marine as well as areas that have only a 15 The Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative T he Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) debt * Those that also face an unsustainable debt situation initiative was proposed by the World Bank and even after the full application of traditional IMF, and agreed to by governments around the debt relief mechanisms (such as application of world in the fall of 1996. It was the first compre- Naples terms under the Paris Club Agreement). hensive approach to reduce the external debt of the world's poorest, most heavily indebted countries, and How the HIPC Initiative works represented an important step forward in placing debt Under the enhanced framework, countries for which relief within an overall framework of poverty reduc- existing mechanisms would not achieve debt tion. While the initiative yielded significant early sustainability at the decision point will now receive progress,multilateralorganizations,bilateralcreditors, assistance under the HIPC Initiative starting at HIPC governments, and civil society have been en- the decision point. gaged in an intensive dialogue about the strengths and In contrast to the original framework, where debt weaknesses of the program. A major review in 1999 reduction was calculated on projections of debt has resulted in a significant enhancement of the origi- stock at the completion point, relief under the new nal framework, and has produced a HIPC Initiative framework will be committed based on actual which is "deeper, broader, and faster." data at the decision point. This modification not only adds greater certainty to the calculations, but Which countries qualify? will in most cases increase the amount of relief actu- The poorest countries, those that are only eligible ally provided, since most countries will reduce their for highly concessional assistance from the NPV debt-to-export and debt-to-revenue ratios be- International Development Association (IDA)-the tween the decision and completion points. part of the World Bank that lends on highly concessional terms-and from the IMF's Poverty In short, under the enhanced framework, the ben- Reduction and Growth Facility (previously the En- efits of export and central government revenue will hanced Structural Adjustment Facility). accrue fully to the country, allowing for greater in- vestment in poverty reduction strategies 361 362 The HIPC Initiative Creditors participation Liberia All creditors participate in providing exceptional as- Madagascar sistance beyond current mechanisms as required to Malawi reach debt sustainability. Creditors share the costs of Mali HIPC assistance based on broad and equitable bur- Mauritania den sharing, and provide relief that is proportional to Mozambique their share of the debt after the full application of Niger traditional forms of debt relief; these forms include Rwanda Naples terms from Paris Club creditors, which pro- Sao Tome and Principe vide a 67 percent NPV reduction on eligible debt. Senegal Sierra Leone HIPC Eligible Countries (42 countries) Somalia Sudan Africa (34 countries) Tanzania Angola Togo Benin Uganda Burkina Faso Zambia Burundi Cameroon Latin America (4 countries): Central African Republic Bolivia Chad Guyana Comoros Honduras Congo, Rep. of Nicaragua Congo, Dem. Rep. C6te d'Ivoire Asia (3 countries) Ethiopia Lao, People's Dem. Rep. The Gambia Myanmar Ghana Vietnam Guinea Guinea-Bissau Middle East (I country): Kenya Yemen, Rep. of The HIPC Initiative 363 15-1. HILPC DEBT INITIATIVE: Flow Chart First Stage Eligibility Requirements Paris Club provides flow rescheduling as per current Naples terms, i a rescheduling of debt service on eligible debt falling due dunng the three-year consolidabon penod (up to 67 percent reducbon on eligible matunbes on a net present value basis) * QOhrbilateral and commercial creditors provide at least comparable treatment * MulUtlateral institutionscontnue to provide concesslonal financdng In the framework of World Bank and IDMF-supported adjustement program * Counti. establishes three-year track record of good performance and develops together with civil society a Poverty Reducbon Strategy Paper (PRSP), In eariy cases, an interim PRSP may be suffiaent to reach the decAsion point Decision Point EITHER EXIT /OR UALIFICATION FOR ASSISTANCE Paris Club stock-of- debt operafton under Hypothreical Pans Club stock-of-debt operabon under Naples terms (67% net present value reduction of eligible Naples terms and comparable treatment debt) and comparable treatment by other bilateral and commercial creditors by other bilateral and commercial creditors Is not sufficient Is adequate for the country to reach sustainability by the for the country to reach sustainability by the decision point Countnes request addibonal support under decision point the HIPC Imnative IMF and World Bank determine eligibility Sustatnablllty targets: 150 percent of NPV of debt-to exports rabo, or 250 percvent NPV of debt-to revenue eato > Decision Point for country reaching qualifying threshold for the fiscal openessAwindow (30 percent exports-to-GDP ratio and 15 percent revenue-to-GDP rabo) ====> Exit The Intematonal community commits sufficient assistance (Country Is not eligible for HIPC assistance) to reach sustainability targets This relief can be deleivred at the decision point and the remainder at the completeion point when the countiy has implemented pre-agreed key structural ans social reforms (tnggers) provided the macroeconomic program remains on track Second Stage The interim period * Paris Club creditors provide ntenm relief (Cologne terms flows, i e, 90% NPV of debt reducton on eligible debt) and other bilateral and commercial creditors provide at least comparable treatment * Some multilateral institubons, of which World Bank and IMF, provide interim assistance (e g,debt service reduction) * Donors support intenm assistance * Country establishes a second track record by implementng the Bank/iMF-supported programs, including the one-year implemementabon of a full PRSP (triggers) Length of this stage is determined by the speed by which country implement the triggers * Country also take steps to strengthen debt management "Floating" Completion Point * Timing of complebon point is ted to the implemenbon of policaes determined atthe decsion point m Ail creditors provide the assistance determined at the decision point, intenm debt relief provided between decision and complebon points counts towards this assistance Assistance is provided without further policy condibonality 364 The HIPC Initiative 15-2. Grouping of African HIPC countries: status as of February 1, 2003 African Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (32)1/ Benin Congo, Rep. of * Madagascar Senegal Burkina Faso Cote d'lvoire Malawi Sierra Leone* Burundi * Ethiopia Mali Somalia e Cameroon The Gambia Mauritania Sudan * Central African Republic* Ghana Mozambique Tanzania Chad Guinea Niger Togo Comoros Guinea-Bissau * Rwanda* Uganda Congo, Dem. Rep.* Liberia * Sao Tome and Pnncipe Zambia COUNTRIES THAT HAVE HIPC RELIEF APPROVED AT CONRETOBCNSDED(0 REACHED COMPLETION POINT DECISION POINT (17) COUTRES TO BE CONSIDEED (10) Burkina Faso Benin Madagascar Burundi Togo Mauntania Cameroon Malawi Central African Rep Mozambique Chad Mali Comoros Tanzania Ethiopia Niger Congo, Dem. Rep. Uganda The Gambia Rwanda Congo, Rep. of Ghana Sao Tome and Principe Cote d'Ivoire Guinea Senegal Liberia Guinea-Bissau Sierra Leone Somalia Zambia Sudan Sources: HIPC documents; and IMF and World Bank staff estimates. * Conflict-affected countries 1/ Comoros has been added to the group as a preliminary assessment of its debt situation showed a potential need for HIPC debt. 2/ Preliminary documents considered by the Boards The HIPC Initiative 365 15-3. External debt service for individual African HIPCs that reached decision points, by country, 1998-2005 (In million of US dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Benin Debt service paid 64 66 55 36 Debt service due after enhanced HIPC Initiative relief 1/ 32 30 30 34 Debt service/exports (in percent) 16 17 16 10 9 7 7 7 Debt service/govemment revenue (in percent) 17 17 15 9 7 6 6 6 Debt service/GDP (in percent) 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 Burkina Faso Debt service paid 60 53 47 29 Debt service due after enhanced HIPC Initiative relief I/ 21 16 17 18 Debt service/exports (in percent) 16 20 19 11 7 4 4 4 Debt service/govemment revenue (in percent) 18 15 15 9 5 4 3 3 Debt service/GDP (in percent) 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 Cameroon 2/3/ Debt service paid 401 401 437 271 Debt service due after enhanced HIPC Initiative relief I1/ 5/ 267 261 284 313 Debt service/exports (in percent) 18 15 16 10 1 1 10 1 1 12 Debt service/govemment revenue (in percent) 28 24 26 15 16 16 16 16 Debt service/GDP (in percent) 4 4 5 3 3 3 3 3 Chad 3/ Debt service paid 38 30 32 17 Debt service due after enhanced HIPC Initiative relief 1/ 28 21 23 23 Debt service/exports (in percent) 12 12 14 7 12 8 1 1 Debt service/govemment revenue (in percent) 29 23 29 14 18 12 7 6 Debt service/GDP (in percent) 2 2 2 1 1 I 1 1 Ethiopia 2/3/ Debt service paid 101 127 112 197 Debt service due after enhanced HIPC Initiative relief I/ 118 51 78 100 Debt service/exports (in percent) 10 14 1 1 21 12 5 9 10 Debt service/govemment revenue (in percent) 9 11 10 16 9 4 5 6 Debt service/GDP (in percent) 2 2 2 3 2 1 1 1 Gambia, The 3/4/ Debt service paid 26 20 13 16 Debt service due after enhanced HIPC Initiative relief I / 16 9 10 11 Debt service/exports (in percent) 12 15 11 14 10 5 6 6 Debt service/govemment revenue (in percent) 12 25 16 26 23 12 12 13 Debt service/GDP (in percent) 6 5 3 4 4 2 2 2 Ghana 3/ Debt service paid 560 521 560 215 Debt service due after enhanced HIPC Initiative relief I/ 129 115 104 112 Debt service/exports (in percent) 22 21 23 9 5 4 3 3 Debt service/govemment revenue (in percent) 41 53 57 19 13 10 7 7 Debt service/GDP (in percent) 7 7 11 4 2 2 1 1 Guinea 3/ Debt service paid 128 132 172 100 Debt service due after enhanced HIPC Initiative relief 1/ 80 73 60 50 Debt service/exports (in percent) 15 18 23 12 9 8 6 4 Debt service/govemment revenue (in percent) 34 35 51 29 20 17 12 9 Debt service/GDP (in percent) 4 4 6 3 3 2 2 1 Guinea-Bissau 3/ Debt service paid 7 6 13 0 Debt service due after enhanced HIPC Initiative relief 1/ 6 8 5 4 Debt service/exports (in percent) 23 11 19 1 9 11 6 4 Debt service/govemment revenue (in percent) 63 15 31 1 15 17 9 7 Debt service/GDP (in percent) 3 3 6 0 2 3 2 1 Madagascar 3/6/ Debt service paid 166 106 87 63 Debt service due after enhanced HIPC Initiative relief 1/ 68 62 70 79 Debt service/exports (in percent) 21 12 7 5 5 4 4 5 Debt service/govemment revenue (in percent) 42 25 19 12 11 9 9 9 Debt service/GDP (in percent) 4 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 Malawi 3/ Debt service paid 90 65 98 69 Debt service due after enhanced HIPC Initiative relief 1/ 44 46 35 46 Debt service/exports (in percent) 16 13 22 15 9 9 7 8 Debt service/government revenue (in percent) 22 21 33 22 14 13 9 11 Debt service/GDP (in percent) 5 4 6 4 2 2 2 2 Sources HIPC country document, and staffestimates Note the fooinotes for this table are in the technical notes at the end of this chapter (Table contnues on the following page) 366 The HIPC Initiative The HIPC Initiative 15-3. External debt service for Individual African HIPCs that reached decision points, by country, 1998-2005 (continued) (In million of US dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Mall Debt service paid 74 84 65 37 Debt service due after enhanced HIPC Initiative relief 1/ 45 69 73 81 Debt service/exports (in percent) I 1 12 10 4 5 7 7 8 Debt service/govemment revenue (in percent) 17 20 17 8 8 12 11 12 Debt service/GDP (in percent) 3 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 Mauritania 7/ Debt service paid 88 81 95 84 Debt service due after enhanced HIPC Initiative relief 1/ 39 35 35 37 Debt service/exports (in percent) 22 22 25 22 11 9 8 8 Debt service/government revenue (in percent) 35 30 39 40 17 15 14 14 Debt service/GDP (in percent) 10 8 10 8 4 3 3 3 Mozambique Debtservicepaid 104 60 18 27 Debt service due after enhanced HIPC Initiative relief 1/ 38 46 47 53 Debt service/exports (in percent) 41 9 2 3 4 4 2 2 Debt service/govemment revenue (in percent) 23 12 4 6 8 8 7 7 Debt service/GDP (in percent) 3 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 Niger 3/ Debt service paid 17 19 18 21 Debt service due after enhanced HIPC Initiative relief 1/ 28 23 19 22 Debt service/exports (in percent) 5 6 6 8 10 8 6 7 Debt service/government revenue (in percent) 9 11 12 12 13 10 7 8 Debt service/GDP (in percent) I I I I I I I I Rwanda 3/ 5/ Debt service paid 14 47 37 19 Debt service due after enhanced HIPC Initiative relief 1/ 22 16 12 11 Debt service/exports (in percent) 13 40 25 12 15 10 7 6 Debt service/government revenue (in percent) 7 25 21 10 10 7 5 4 Debt service/GDP (in percent) 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 So Tom6 and Principe 3/ Debt service paid 7 2 5 2 Debt service due after enhanced HIPC Initiative relief 1/ 1 1 1 1 Debt service/exports (in percent) 55 12 33 12 5 5 3 4 Debt service/government revenue (in percent) 84 21 53 19 11 10 6 6 Debt service/GDP (in percent) 16 4 12 4 2 2 1 1 Senegal Debt service paid 222 146 143 113 Debt service due after enhanced HIPC Initiative relief 1/ 116 88 82 84 Debt service/exports (in percent) 14 10 11 8 8 6 5 5 Debt service/govemment revenue (in percent) 27 18 18 14 13 9 8 7 Debt service/GDP (in percent) 5 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 Sierra Leone Debt service paid 9 37 32 90 Debt service due after enhanced HIPC Initiative relief 1/ 21 26 41 11 Debt service/exports (in percent) 9 40 29 74 17 19 22 5 Debt service/government revenue (in percent) 18 77 44 89 18 20 28 7 Debt service/GDP (in percent) 1 5 5 12 3 3 4 1 Tanzania 2/8/ Debt service paid 224 193 154 103 Debt service due after enhanced HIPC Initiative relief 1/ 131 125 142 146 Debt service/exports (in percent) 21 16 13 8 9 8 9 8 Debt service/government revenue (in percent) 29 20 15 10 12 9 10 10 Debt service/GDP (m percent) __ 3 2 2__ 1 1 _ I Uganda 2/ Debt service paid 110 98 90 71 Debt service due after enhanced HIPC Initiative relief 1/ 66 68 83 89 Debt service/exports (in percent) 15 12 14 11 10 9 10 10 Debt service/government revenue (in percent) 16 13 13 12 9 9 10 9 Debt service/GDP (in percent) _____ ___ 2 _2 2 _ _ I I2 I _ I Zambia 3/ Debt service paid 147 126 148 149 Debt service due after enhanced HIPC Initiative relief 1/ 158 161 221 202 Debt service/exports (in percent) 16 15 17 15 15 14 19 16 Debt service/government revenue (in percent) 24 23 24 21 23 21 27 23 Debt service/GDP (in percent) 5 4 5 4 4 4 5 4 Sources HIPC country document, and staff estimates Note the footnotes for this table are in the technical notesat the end of this chapter. The HIPC Initiative 367 15-4. Committed debt relief and outlook for African HIPCs, status as of February 2003 (In million of US dollars) I/ Reduction in NPV Terms Nominal Debt Service Relief Onginal Enhanced Original Enhanced Date of HIPC HIPC Total HIPC HIPC Total Approval Initiative Initiative Initiative Initiative AFRICAN COUNTRIES THAT HAVE REACHED THEIR COMPLETION POINTS (5) TOTAL 2,292 3,934 6,226 4,750 6,530 11,280 Burkina Faso 229 324 553 400 530 930 Apr-02 Mauritania 0 622 622 0 1,100 1,100 Jun-02 Mozambique 1,716 306 2,022 3,700 600 4,300 Sep-01 Tanzania 0 2,026 2,026 0 3,000 3,000 Nov-01 Uganda 347 656 1,003 650 1,300 1,950 May-00 AFRICAN COUNTRIES THAT HAVE REACHED THEIR DECISION POINTS (17) TOTAL 121 12,699 12,820 220 20,730 20,950 Benin .. 265 265 .. 460 460 Jul-00 Cameroon .. 1,260 1,260 .. 2,000 2,000 Oct-00 Chad .. 170 170 .. 260 260 May-01 Ethiopia .. 1,275 1,275 .. 1,930 1,930 Nov-01 The Gambia .. 67 67 .. 90 90 Dec-00 Ghana 0 2,186 2,186 0 3,700 3,700 Feb-02 Guinea . 545 545 .. 800 800 Dec-00 Gumea-Bissau .. 416 416 . 790 790 Dec-00 Madagascar .. 814 814 .. 1,500 1,500 Dec-00 Malawi .. 643 643 .. 1,000 1,000 Dec-00 Mali 121 401 522 220 650 870 Sep-00 Niger .. 521 521 .. 900 900 Dec-00 Rwanda .. 452 452 . 800 800 Dec-00 Sao Tome and Principe .. 97 97 .. 200 200 Dec-00 Senegal .. 488 488 .. 850 850 Jun-00 Sierra Leone 0 600 600 0 950 950 Mar-02 Zambia .. 2,499 2,499 .. 3,850 3,850 Dec-00 AFRICAN COUNTRIES STILL TO BE CONSIDERED (10) Coted'lvoire 2/ 345 2,519 2,519 800 3,950 3,950 Mar-02 3/ Burundi .. .. .. Central African Republ .. .. .. Comoros . .. . Congo, Dem. Rep. of 0 5,773 5,773 0 9,800 9,800 Jun-02 3/ Congo, Rep. of .. . .. Liberia .. .. .. Somalia .. . .. Sudan .. .. . Togo .. .. .. Memorandum item. Debt relief committed 2,758 16,633 19,391 5,770 27,260 33,030 under original and enhanced frameworks 4/ Source. HIPC country documents, and World Bank and IMF staff estimates 1/ In net present value (NPV) terms of the decision point year. 2/ It is suggested that debt relief under the original framework be overtaken by HIPC relief under the enhanced framework 368 The HIPC Initiative 15-5. Social Expenditure for African HIPCs that Reached Decision Pointsl/ (In million of US dolla, 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Benin Social Expenditure 115 110 161 160 Social Expenditure/Govemment Revenue (in percent) 30 29 42 38 Social Expenditure/GDP (in percent) 5 5 7 6 Burkina Faso Social Expenditure 141 121 117 120 Social Expenditure/Govemment Revenue (in percent) 36 43 38 31 Social Expenditure/GDP (in percent) 5 6 5 5 Cameroon 2/ Social Expenditure 264 287 336 307 328 361 389 Social Expenditure/Govemment Revenue (in percent) 16 17 19 18 20 20 20 Social Expenditure/GDP (in percent) 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 Chad 2/ Social Expenditure 190 186 231 298 309 420 396 Social Expenditure/Govemment Revenue (in percent) 150 165 185 199 180 122 95 Social Expenditure/GDP (in percent) 12 13 14 16 14 11 10 Ethiopia 2/ Social Expenditure 268 534 692 1,000 1,209 1,307 1,370 Social Expenditure/Government Revenue (in percent) 23 44 57 77 85 83 79 Social Expenditure/GDP (in percent) 4 8 11 17 18 18 18 The Gambia 2/ Social Expenditure 24 22 22 23 28 32 34 Social Expenditure/Govemment Revenue (in percent) 30 27 37 34 38 40 41 Social Expenditure/GDP (in percent) 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 Ghana 2/ Social Expenditure 3/ 345 246 286 368 Social Expenditure/Govemment Revenue (in percent) 35 52 25 26 Social Expenditure/GDP (in percent) 4 7 5 6 Guinea 2/ Social Expenditure 85 73 83 158 167 178 192 Social Expenditure/Govemment Revenue (in percent) 23 22 24 40 38 37 35 Social Expenditure/GDP (in percent) 2 2 3 5 5 5 5 Guinea-Bissau 2/ Social Expenditure 70 89 82 92 100 107 114 Social Expenditure/Govemment Revenue (in percent) 182 215 207 221 216 210 205 Social Expenditure/GDP (in percent) 32 40 41 34 34 34 34 Madagascar 2/ Social Expenditure 156 188 230 298 376 416 456 Social Expenditure/Govemment Revenue (in percent) 37 41 42 46 52 53 52 Social Expenditure/GDP (in percent) 4 5 5 6 7 7 7 Malawi 2/ Social Expenditure 208 160 170 207 224 250 277 Social Expenditure/Govemment Revenue (in percent) 66 54 55 64 65 67 68 Social Expenditure/GDP (in percent) 12 9 10 11 11 12 12 Mali Social Expenditure 103 105 123 136 122 128 134 Social Expenditure/Govemment Revenue (in percent) 24 28 28 26 21 20 19 Social Expenditure/GDP (in percent) 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 (Table continues on the following page) Sources HIPC country documents, and staff estimates I / Data refer to pro-poor expenditure compnsing health, non-university education, basic sanitation, and certain rural development and urban development programs 2/ The figures for 2000 largely reflect social expenditure before HIPC relief because these countries reached their decision points in late 2000 or in 2001 Thus, the full impact of HIPC relief for them will not be felt until 2001 and thereafter The HIPC Initiative 369 15-5. Social Expenditure for African HIPCs that Reached Decision Pointsl/ (In million of US dollars) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Mauritania Social Expenditure 85 95 84 117 118 127 141 Social Expenditure/Govemment Revenue (in percent) 35 38 40 30 37 38 41 Social Expenditure/GDP (in percent) 9 10 9 11 11 11 11 Mozambique Social Expenditure 259 331 342 342 357 405 451 Social Expenditure/Govemnment Revenue (in percent) 53 70 74 68 65 60 59 Social Expenditure/GDP (in percent) 6 9 9 9 9 9 9 Niger 2/ Social Expenditure 104 95 122 150 159 164 170 Social Expenditure/Government Revenue (in percent) 58 61 68 70 69 65 61 Social Expenditure/GDP (in percent) 5 5 6 7 7 7 7 Rwanda 2/ Social Expenditure 75 73 91 112 126 140 157 Social Expenditure/Government Revenue (in percent) 40 41 47 52 52 53 56 Social Expenditure/GDP (in percent) 4 4 5 6 7 7 7 Sao Tome and Principe 2/ Social Expenditure 8 8 9 10 11 13 12 Social Expenditure/Government Revenue (in percent) 88 79 83 82 83 89 73 Social Expenditure/GDP (in percent) 17 17 18 18 19 20 16 Senegal Social Expenditure 254 213 206 220 266 281 293 Social Expenditure/Govermment Revenue (in percent) 31 27 25 24 27 27 26 Social Expenditure/GDP (in percent) 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 Sierre Leone 2/ Social Expenditure 15 15 25 46 Social Expenditure/Government Revenue (in percent) 32 21 25 40 Social Expenditure/GDP (in percent) 2 2 4 7 Tanzania Social Expenditure 4/ 289 352 622 837 1,025 1,090 Social Expenditure/Government Revenue (in percent) 30 34 58 75 88 88 Social Expenditure/GDP (in percent) 3 4 7 9 11 11 Uganda Social Expenditure 306 401 438 559 614 682 756 Social Expenditure/Government Revenue (in percent) 40 60 71 78 79 80 81 Social Expenditure/GDP (in percent) 5 7 8 9 10 10 11 Zambia 2/ Social Expenditure 166 149 181 264 285 314 347 Social Expenditure/Government Revenue (in percent) 30 24 26 38 38 39 40 Social Expenditure/GDP (in percent) 5 5 5 7 7 7 7 Sources HIPC countrv docunients, and staff estmates Note The coverage of social expenditure vanes across countries All social data includes spending on health and education In 11 countries, social spending refers exclusively to public expenditure on health and education In addition, social spending includes new programs to be financed partly with HIPC assistance in Benin, basic sanitary infrastructure in Bolivia, rural development and water supply in Burkina Faso, social affairs in Chad, poverty-related activities such as de-mining and rural development in Gu funding for the Social Impact Amelioration Program and Basic Needs Trust Fund in Guyana, social safety net and rural development programs in Honduras, poverty reduction programs in Mauritania, other spending including promotion of women in Senegal, water supply in both Tanzania and Uganda, and social safety nets, water and sanitation and disaster relief in Zambia I/ Data refer to pro-poor expenditure comprising health, non-university education, basic sanitation, and certain rural development and urban development programs 2/ The figures for 2000 largely reflect social expenditure before HIPC relief because these countnes reached their decision points in late 2000 c in 2001 Thus, the full impact of HIPC relief for them will not be felt until 2001 and thereafler 370 The HIPC Initiative Figure 15-1. Nominall 1Debt Service Relief for African Decision Point Countries* ($ million) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 Zambia =IP4 ~ _ = , _ Ghana_m Cameroon Pr _ Etiiopia Madagascar _ _ 1I _I _ Malawi Sierra Leone Niger Mafi _ F Senegal -| Guinea Rwanda Guinea-Bissau Benin Chadi Sao Torne and Principe The Gambia The HIPC Initiative 371 Technical notes Tables 6/ The relief for Madagascar is indicative and subject to change. The Madagasy authorities and Paris Club Table 15.3 Debt Service for Individual African HIPCs creditors would need to revisit the outstanding bilat- that Reached Decision Points, by Country, 1998-2005 eral debt numbers. Also, minor adjustments need to be incorporated in the case of three multilateral credi- 1/ Debt service due after the full use of traditional tors. Consequently, the IMF Board approved US$790 debt relief mechanism and assistance under the en- million in HIPC relief with the the understanding that hanced HIPC initiative. For Mozambique, these fig- Madagascar's exact level of HIPC assistance will be ures are also after additional bilateral assistance be- determined once such revisions are made. yond HIPC. 7/ Debt service figures differ from those in the deci- 2/ On fiscal year basis, i.e., 2000 column shows FY sion point document due to exchange rate changes. 1999/2000. 8/ Debt service reflects some payments to commer- 3/ The debt service figures for 2000 largely reflect cial creditors and payments on moratorium interest pre-HIPC relief debt service because these countries not reflected in the completion point document. did not reach their decision point until late in 2000 or later. Thus, the full impact of relief for did not take effect until 2001 and thereafter. 4/ Debt service is higher than anticipated at the deci- Note: Debt service figures for 1998 and 1999 reflect sion point due to higher new borrowing than previ- debt relief already provided to Mozambique, and Uganda ously projected. under the original framework. 5/ Debt service is lower than anticipated at the deci- sion point due to lower financing needs than previ- The source for this table is HIPC country documents, ously projected. and World Bank and IMF staff estimates. 16 Household Welfare W hile macroeconomic data about many Afri- the data, using a common dictionary This process vv can countries are published often, more dis- may include the computation of expenditure aggre- aggregated data are not frequently reported gates when they are not available to the unit. For more in statistical abstracts such as the African Develop- information on this, please see the technical notes at ment Indicators. This chapter addresses that issue by the end of the chapter. presenting statistics on poverty and some of its cor- The definitions presented herein may diverge from relates at a sub-national level. These statistics are based those used in other publications, whether by the World upon household surveys rather than ministry-level Bank or a country's National Statistical Organization. data. The presentation of indicators is linked to the This means that certain statistics may differ from those Millennium Development Goals to help in understand- previously published. An example of this is enrollment ing the statistics. The tables that follow contain data rates; if the country bases them upon one definition for fourteen countries of Sub-Saharan Africa: Burundi, of the age at which children should attend primary Burkina Faso, C6te d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Ethiopia, The school, while this report uses another, it is unlikely Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, that the two statistics will be identical. Neither statis- Malawi, Sao Tome and Principe, Uganda, and Zambia. tic is wrong; they are just different metrics and can- This chapter is similar to one published in the 2000 not be necessanly compared. Africa Development Indicators, but the underlying set of definitions and variables has changed. In addition, Selected definitions the presentation of this new set of indicators has been Household National definitions are used, although most organized along the Millennium Development Goals. definitions do not differ markedly from those set forth The definitions used in this presentation (see below) by the United Nations. Additional information is avail- reflect the work of an ongoing project in the Africa able in the technical notes. Region's Operational Quality and Knowledge Services Expenditure quintiles are derived by ranking Unit: the Standardized Files and Standardized Indica- weighted sample individuals according to annual de- tors. The project, which builds upon earlier work, flated per capita expenditure. When regional defla- takes national statistical agencies' raw data files, as tors are available, they are used, otherwise nominal stored in the Africa Household Survey Databank, and expenditure is used. Individuals are used as the basis performs consistency checks prior to harmonizing for estimating quintiles. Quintiles are constructed such 372 Household Weefare 373 that the first quintile represents the poorest 20 per- De facto female-headed. Defined as either a (1) cent of the population, the second quintile the next household without a resident male head or where the poorest 20 percent (less poor), and so on; the fifth husband is not present and the wife is the head by quintile represents the richest 20 percent of the popu- default and the main decision-maker in his absence; lation. The definition of expenditure varies from sur- or (2) household where the resident male head has vey to survey. Please consult the technical notes for lost most of his functions as the economic provider each survey for more details. The following surveys' due to infirmity, inability to work, etc. data are presented with deflated expenditure quintiles: De jure female-headed Single female-headed C6te d'lvoire, Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, Madagas- household where the head has never been married, or car, Mozambique, and Malawi. is divorced or separated or widowed. Demographic indicators Household expenditure indicators Number of households in each quintile varies due to These indicators provide information on per capita differences in household size, although the total num- expenditure in local currency (including the value of ber of individuals in each quintile is the same. own-produced food consumed in the household and Total population. Sampled population weighted by the imputed rent of homeowners when possible) and the cluster weights to give an estimate of the actual the share of food in household expenditures. These population size. are computed as weighted averages of each household's per-capita expenditure, or as weighted Education and literacy indicators (drawn from ratios in the case of the shares. UNESCO definitions) Net primary enrollment rate The total number of Employment indicators children of primary school age enrolled in primary Employment ratio Includes only persons who are school as a proportion of the total number of children employed and the unemployed aged 15-64 (inclusive), of primary school age. The age range varies by coun- excluding the following categories: homemakers, re- try. Please consult the technical notes for details. tired, dependent, student, and other. Net secondary enrollment rate The total number of Formal employment. Defined as wage employees children of secondary school age enrolled in second- in the government or formal private sector. ary school as a proportion of the total number of chil- Informal employment Defined as those whose dren of secondary school age. The age range vanes employment status is "informal" or "self-employed." by country. Please consult the technical notes for details. Anthropometric indicators Literacy (adult) The percentage of people aged 15 All three indicators are calculated for children who and above who can read and write a short, simple are less than 60 months old. Z-scores two standard statement on their everyday life. The survey may have deviations below the mean of reference population tested individuals to verify this, or may have used indicate that a child is stunted (height-for-age), wasted other methods. Please consult the technical notes for (weight-for-height), or underweight (weight-for-age). details. The reference is defined jointly by the National Cen- ter for Health Statistics and Centers for Disease Con- Head of household indicators trol (both United States). Polygamous male-headed Male-headed household with more than one spouse. However, differences exist in the way in polygamous households are defined. Please consult the technical notes for details on each country's definition of a household. 374 Household Welfare 16-1. Burkina Faso Expenditure Quinuile Rurl rb, UJnit of National Mleasure total All QI 02 03 04 03 All Q1 02 03 04 03 Indicwtors DemogrEupsc Indicators Sample size (households) Number 8,478 5,885 0 913 0 993 0 1,048 0 1,280 0 1,651 0 2,593 0 354 0 450 0 511 0 540 0 739 0 Total PGpulation OOOs 10,597 8,830 0 1,766 3 1,765 3 1,766 8 1.765 7 1,765 9 1,767 4 352 9 354 1 353 2 353 2 353 9 Age depndency ratio Number I10 1 1 1 2 12 1 1 II 0 9 0 7 1 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 OS5 Average household size Number 7 6 8 2 10 3 10 1 9 1 7 6 5 7 5 6 8 0 6 5 5 7 5 4 4 0 Head Of Household Characteristics Age Depenidency by hioutehold ostructure Monogamous male Number 0 9 1 0 II 1 1 0 1 0 0 8 0 7 1 0 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 5 Polygamous male Number I11 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 0 08 a I0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 6 Single male NuLmber 0 6 0 8 1 2 12 0 9 0 7 0 5 0 2 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 1 De facto female Number I I 1 4 2 7 12 1 4 1 6 0 9 0 8 1 3 1 2 0 9 0 6 0 6 Dejurefemale Number 08a II 11 1I5 1 4 10 08a 06 1 0 0 8 06 05 0 3 Education level of bead No level Percent 82 3 91 5 97 3 94 9 94 7 9140 82 4 50 6 81 8 73 7 58 2 43 0 21 5 Primary, not completed Percent 8 7 5 4 2 4 4 8 4 4 5 3 8 1 20 1 15 2 17 2 24 7 26 2 16 6 Pnimary completed, no secondary Percent 0 7 0 2 0 6 2 4 0 7 1 2 2 6 5 4 Secondary not completed Percent S I Seoondacycompleted Percecnt 1 4 0 7 2 3 3 8 0 5 0 2 1 9 3 9 9 88 Tertiary Percent I18 0 4 0 1 1 2 6 7 0 7 1 2 3 2 20 2 Pre-school Percent 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 6 Undefined Percent Mantal Status of head Monogamous male Percent 53 1 SI 2 44 5 44 3 49 8 55 0 56 7 59 7 53 1 59 2 62 4 65 9 56 8 Polygamnous male Percent 31 0 36 7 46 4 49 1 42 1 33 3 23 4 11 5 26 6 17 8 11 3 6 1 4 6 Single male Percent 7 3 5 2 4 1 2 3 3 1 4 9 9 1 14 2 8 3 7 6 10 7 14 3 23 6 De facto femtale Percent 2 2 1 9 1 4 0 8 I10 2 0 3 2 3 4 2 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 8 De jure female Pecent 6 4 Labor Market Proportion aged 15-64 in population Percent 49 7 47 9 44 5 45 8 47 0 48 8 53 7 58 8 51 0 55 2 57 2 621 68 6 Proporuon employed (aged l5 to 64) Percent 86 3 93 0 95 0 94 7 94 1 93 7 88 3 59 0 72 8 65 7 55 8 51 3 53 1 Females among employed (aged 15 to 64) Percent 52 0 54 1 57 2 55 7 54 5 53 2 50 3 38 7 45 0 44 3 37 2 34 I 32 1 Employment Ratios (akmoagt labor forme) Employment Ratio Percent 97 0 99 0 99 1 99 1 99 0 99 2 98 8 85 8 89 1 87 5 84 9 81 4 85 7 Formal Employment among Employed Percent 5 4 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 5 3 6 34 0 12 6 20 6 32 4 41 9 63 4 Public Employed mong Formal Employmsent Percent 42 4 71 7 28 0 40 5 25 5 49 6 79 6 37 1 9 7 17 9 31 4 35 8 52 1 Infoffnal Employment among Employed Percent 94 1 98 6 99 7 99 5 99 3 99 2 95 8 64 9 86 7 79 0 66 7 57 0 34 3 Self-Employed among Informal Employed Percent 27 8 Emnployersamong Employed Percent 0 4 0 3 0 3 0 4 0 4 0 3 0 3 0 7 0 3 0 3 0 1 0 8 It8 Proportion Employed in AgRiculture Pferent 88 2 96 5 98 6 98 4 97 9 97 3 90 7 35 1 67 5 52 3 28 6 18 1 5 2 MMOI. Eradicate Eteleme Povert and4 Hunger Mean monthly per capita expenditure CFA francs 12,318 8,418 5 2,5228& 3,917 9 5,097 2 6,913 9 17,433 8 25,685 3 4,361 5 7,578 0 11,746 0 18,675 2 62,084 7 Meant monthly share on food Percent 57 7 63 1 64 1 67 7 66 1 65 5 56S3 39 1 48 0 48 1 43 4 37 7 27 4 Mean monthly share onbhealith Percent 3 1 2 7 1 6 2 0 2 4 28a 3 8 4 4 2 3 3 4 4 2 5 7 5 4 Mean monthly share on education Percent 1 3 0 7 0 8 0 8 0 6 0 6 0 6 3 6 3 4 3 4 4 1 3 7 3 3 MDG2 Educai6on and Utitea, M]Dr03, Peotnote Gender Fquality Accent to primary school (within 30 Minutes) Percent 59 52 47 48 50 49 59 84 75 84 85 84 899 Net primary enrallment rate Total Percent 26 20 14 1 8 1 7 19 32 67 52 64 70 76 75 Male Percent 30 23 1 8 24 20 22 37 69 53 70 70 77 81I Female Percenit 22 IS5 1 0 1 2 1 3 1 6 28 64 52 59 69 75 68 Net secoadary enrollmeat rate Total Percent 12 5 2 5 3 6 1 I 38 1 3 29 3 8 50 58 Male Percent 1 3 7 4 5 4 7 1 5 4 1 1 3 33 39 58 68 Female Percent 1 0 4 1 4 2 4 7 34 1 3 25 37 42 SI1 Tertiary enrolment rate per 180,9O Total per 10,000 8 Adult literacy rate Total Percent 1 8 1 0 S 8 9 10 1 8 SI1 23 34 48 62 78 Male Percent 25 IS5 8 1 2 14 14 25 59 30 44 56 69 84 Female Percent 1 3 6 3 5 5 6 1 2 42 1 5 25 40 54 71 Yauth literacy rate Total Percent 26 IS5 9 1 2 1 I 16 24 65 40 50 68 77 8 1 Male Percent 32 20 13 1 7 IS5 21 32 72 49 62 76 8 I 89 Female Percent 20 1 0 5 7 8 1 2 1 8 57 3 1 40 60 72 74 Enqudte Pnontaire Aupre des Menages 11 1998 (Table continues on the following page) Household Welfare 375 16-1. Burkina Faso (continued) Expenditure Quintile Rural Urban Unit of Naliotnl Measure total All °l 02 03 04 Q5 All Ql Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Indicators MDG4 Reduce Child Mortality, MDGS Improve Matetna Health Proportion with distance to Health Center less than 5km Percent 63 53 49 51 52 50 58 96 92 95 96 98 98 Morbidity Percent 7 6 4 5 6 7 10 11 7 9 11 12 15 Action taken when sick Percent 41 39 29 29 34 37 51 49 35 45 45 52 57 Health provider ownership Public Percent 83 85 84 85 85 82 86 79 75 87 81 78 75 Private - Modem Medicine Percent 3 1 1 0 1 1 10 6 5 I 1 7 18 Private - Traditional Healers Percent I1 12 12 10 14 16 10 4 16 3 4 4 2 Other Percent 3 2 3 4 1 1 2 6 2 5 5 11 5 Child suruival and malnutntson Birth assisted by trained staff Percent l-year-olds immunisation coverage Percent t-year-olds immunized against measles Percent Stunting (6-59 months) Percent 43 46 46 44 46 50 43 28 32 37 27 22 17 Wasting (6-59 months) Percent 24 24 24 22 25 24 25 23 19 15 21 35 26 Underweight (6-59 months) Percent 50 52 53 49 54 56 50 34 38 37 30 38 26 MDCG7 Ensure Environmental Sustainability Owner occupancy rte Percent 85 94 98 97 96 95 86 58 79 71 58 56 41 Access to sanitation facilities Percent 32 16 7 11 13 14 26 89 71 82 89 95 97 Proportion with dsotance to Water Source less than 2 km Percent 78 73 67 72 74 72 77 96 88 94 97 98 99 Proportion with dilstance distance to Market ilss than 5 km Percent 78 72 73 72 71 69 75 97 93 97 97 98 99 Access to improved water sonurce Pipe (own tap) Percent 5 0 0 0 0 24 3 6 14 27 50 Pipe bome Percent 16 5 4 3 4 4 8 53 56 61 58 56 41 Well (Pmtected) Percent 42 52 50 53 55 52 51 9 17 12 11 5 4 Total Percent 63 57 54 56 58 55 59 86 76 79 82 88 95 Access tn umnmproved water source SurfaceWater Percent 10 12 14 13 12 13 11 0 1 1 1 0 Other Percent 27 31 32 31 29 31 30 14 24 20 17 12 4 Total Percent 37 43 46 44 42 45 41 14 24 21 18 12 5 Traditional Fuel UIe Firewood Percent 87 91 95 94 93 92 85 74 88 92 87 78 46 Charcoal Percent 5 5 3 4 4 4 7 6 1 2 3 7 11 Total Percent 92 96 98 97 97 97 92 80 90 94 89 84 57 Nontraditional Fuel Use Kerosene Percent I 1 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 3 Electncity Percent 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 Gas Percent 3 1 2 10 0 3 4 29 Other Percent 4 3 2 2 2 3 4 8 9 5 6 9 10 Total Percent 8 4 2 3 3 3 8 20 10 6 11 16 43 Enquete Prioritaire Aupres des Menages 11 1998 C 0 00-C l- 0 0 000 COs K O - 0 0 0 0 000- OOr 00l3> r-00 0 000> o X - 00 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 °> 0 °0 ~ °w 00 >Z W0 > eW00_ 0 00 r0 o sSo = g=0g 0 0~~~~~~~~~~ 00000 OC-O 0 0 0 0 0 0 - .'sov 0 -^ 000* 000 0ooov 00 0-0 vl s E I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 00 -0 - - - 00 0 0 ^ 0 ° 00RYw °^°S>°YfiLo>_r o o 000>< 0000 o0 0 0 0 0 0> 000s 00o_ 00 00c o o>No ouoo 000 o cn ~ ~ ~ 0 a-0 0 0 a000 2~~~ 00 .00 00 0.. oo 000 O o 000 00 O0-tfco F s oco Ooo o000 3\ ^ +s_nvv _ o v C0 O c t 0- 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 00 000 000 t oft orooo o _ 0 >t 0 0 ~ 8o _0 o l S 000 0 0,_t __o__ 0o0o- 0 0o 0 0t o 0 0 ..Sa °t o 0s^~ O o 000 0000 00° _ & 0 01 B z i i u a a i a g i R i ai 1 1 -2 X E m 1 fi: |S! a lol a:v|l v a e in l i a a X 00 xtlM tZ] a tfi X¢lus E ^qtXti | nv l gg I Household Welfare 377 16-2. Burundi (continued) Expcnditur Qumnte R.iol urb-o tJ,,t,of Norr,ro/ .. ..Meusnre n,rr,1 All 0! p 2 p 3 04 p 5 All 01 02 03 4 0.5 Indicatlrs MDG4 Reduce Chldd Mortality; MDG5. Impmve Maternal Health Proportion vith distance to Health Center less tha- 5 km Percent 66 65 64 66 59 66 67 98 94 97 99 99 99 Morbidity Percent 21 21 22 18 19 21 25 15 IS 17 17 13 11 Action taken when sick Percent 60 59 51 54 59 62 69 72 52 69 77 86 87 Health provider ow.neship Pubhc Pcencnt P-vate - Moder Medicin Pereent Pnvate - Troditonal Hcalers Percent Other Percent Chldd surival and malnutntion Birth assisted b5 trained staff Percent l-yea,-olds immrumsaon coverage Percent 1-yeao-ldimmunized against measler Percent Stuntng (6-59 months) Percent 56 59 62 64 56 59 52 30 47 31 23 22 23 Wasting (6-59 months) Percent 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 7 5 6 6 5 II Undernei h(6-59 months) Percent 44 47 48 50 54 44 38 15 25 19 12 9 9 MlXi7 Ensur Entrnneitral Sostamaltiti Owner occupancy uc Percent 94 97 97 98 99 98 95 40 50 41 33 39 40 Access to sanitation fheilities Percnt Proportion with distance to Water Source less than 2 km Pereent 88 87 84 88 87 87 89 97 98 96 98 97 96 Pmporton with distance distc to Murket lcss tho 5Skm Percent 77 76 76 80 72 77 76 100 100 100 100 10o IDO Ac.ess in improved water sour,e Pipe (ov ntap) Pecncat 4 1 1 1 0 I 2 57 11 28 50 76 88 Pipe bome Percent 16 14 14 17 14 12 14 40 80 66 48 23 11 Well (Prnotcsted) Percent 66 69 65 66 71 71 71 1 3 2 1 0 1 Total Perent 85 84 80 83 85 84 87 98 94 96 98 99 tDD Acces to unmproved water source SurfIce Water Percent 15 16 20 17 15 16 13 2 6 4 2 1 0 Other Percent Total Percent 15 16 20 17 15 16 13 2 6 4 2 1 0 Traditional Fue Ure Firewood Percent 94 98 99 100 98 100 95 15 54 23 11 4 2 ChanMoal Pecent 5 I 0 0 0 4 82 46 77 88 94 91 Total Percent 99 99 100 100 98 tOO 98 97 99 100 99 98 93 Nontraditional Fuel Use Kemsene Percent I I 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 Eledeicity Percent 0 2 1 2 6 Goas Pencent 0 0 0 1 1 Other Percent 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total Percent I I 0 0 2 0 2 3 1 0 1 2 7 Etude National. sur Ics Condiuons de Vic au Burundi 378 Household Welfare 16-3. Cameroon Expendmitur Quinle Rural Urb- U,iit of Nrarl nal Measure total All 01 02 0.3 04 05 All 0) 02 03 04 03 Indicators l3noAmogphie Ind.catoto Samplc size (households) Number 1,731I 628 0 I119 0 890 113 0 120 0 187 0 1,103 0 132 0 171 0 181 0 204 0 335 0 Total Populaton OOOs 12,573 8,814 0 1,747 5 1.773 2 1,768 1 1,735 1 1,790 2 3,75809 744 9 756 1 751 8 750 2 755 9 Ag. depende-te rnto N.nber 0 9 1 0 1 2 1 2 1 0 0 9 0 6 0 7 1 0 0 9 0 7 0 6 0 5 Avemite househtold siz Number 5 9 6 3 7 6 0 5 7 3 6 2 4 1 5 2 7 3 6 4 6 0 4 2 3 8 Head Of Household Charetentues Ase Dependerncy by bhonahold utincee Monogarous male Number 0 9 1 0 I I 1 2 I1 0 9 0 7 0 8 1 0 0 9 08a 0 7 0 5 Polyganmeanmale Number I I I I 1 3 1 2 II 1 0 7 1 2 1 4 IS 1 0 0 9 1 8 Singlecmale Number 04 0 6 1 2 1 2 009 0 3 0 4 0 2 0 5 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 1 De fbcofemale Number 0 7 0 9 II 1 009 14 0 5 95 0 9 0 6 84 05 0 3 De join female Numaber Ed.cation reel of bead No lenel Percent Pnmaay, not completed Percent 32 1 36 2 34 1 39 6 37 4 43 2 30 3 24 2 41 4 20 5 31 6 2008 13 9 Pnmary completedl, no necontdary Percent Secondary not omipleted Pecent 26 8 Seconday completed Pemcent Tertiay Percnt 6 2 1 2 0 6 0 6 1 6 2 3 15 9 0 9 14 0 14 9 14 1 26 9 Pm-school Percent Undefined Percent 350o 44 8 498& 44 4 50 3 43 9 39 7 15 8 19 1 29 3 18 0 12 3 00 MnntnI Status of bend Monogamtous male Pececnt 52 2 51 9 65 5 52 0 46 7 57 7 43 7 52 7 70 0 57 9 49 6 46 2 48 3 Polygarmousmale Percent 15 7 21 0 19 0 30 7 26 9 21 4 14 0 5 3 9 7 10 3 12 5 0 6 189 Single mal Percent 14 9 12 5 6 6 4 5 10 0 953 23 0 19 7 4 7 9 0 17 5 24 6 30 7 De factoafemalc Percnt 17 2 14 5 8 9 12 9 16 5 II15 19 3 22 4 19 6 22 9 20 3 20 6 19 2 DC tore female Percent Labire Maodie Prepoon.naged 15-64 in poplatioo Percent 53 3 50 8 46 4 45 5 49 4 31 6 61 1 59 0 49 5 53 7 59 5 63 5 68 8 Prepomon employed (aged IS to 64) Percent 67 2 76 5 78 4 71 4 77 2 76 4 78 2 48 4 43 0 45 3 45 7 40 1 56 9 Femialesumongemployed (aged 15 to 64) Percent 48 2 52 0 55 5 55 8 54 9 458I 49 4 36 2 43 3 38 2 32 0 38 2 3253 Employment Rants aunmong labor force) Einployment Rano Percent 91 0 95 2 96 6 91 5 95 3 96 0 960 79 9 6708 74 5 83 6 02 8 87 0 Formal Ec-ploytnentumong Employed Pecent 13 9 6 3 2 3 7I 6 5 5 8 8 5 35 6 28 0 31 3 25 7 33 2 50 5 PublicEmployed anong FonnalEmployment Percent 43 2 50 1 61 6 64 0 2889 44 5 3555 3989 43 4 29 3 39 7 5053 37 2 lnfiertalEntploytnent mong Einployed Percent 81 5 89 5 92 6 91 5 09 9 898a 856 59 0 6908 60 2 71 2 60 2 43 5 Self-Ecnplo~ed monog Informal Employed Per-cent 811I Ereploycnsomong Eniploved Percent 4 6 4 3 5 0 1 3 3 6 4 4 5 9 5 4 2 1 8 4 3 0 6 6 6 0 P.Prepotionnployd in gnecoftae Percet 64 8 83 0 80 3 83 2 85 1 81 6 78 2 6 8 8 6 7 2 8 2 5 5 5 6 MDGI, Emodtct: Erctmcn Pvowet and Hunger Mew monthly pe, capim cNpcndrlure CFA fraone 20,115 14,519 0 4,447 5 6,858 7 8,913 7 12,665 7 28,017 0 31,043 7 5,983 2 11,066 0 15,986 0 25,458 3 70,16109 Mea nmonthly shateon food Percent 53 5 55 2 61 1 54 9 54 0 5408 53 0 50 2 60 7 54 2 32 4 49 9 41 2 Mm mrondth]n1Ai=oolhealth Percent 7 4 6 9 5 0 5 4 7 2 5 4 9 6 0 3 9 4 9 1 7 5 9 7 6 4 Mew mont1tl share on edmeton Percent 4 2 209 3 4 4 1 2 7 28a 2 0 6 8 10 6 lOS 6 4 6 4 3 3 MDG2~ Edcation and Literacy, MDG3: Promote Gloder Equalil3 Access to pnmaty school (-thino 30 imates) Prcent Net pnmnry einrollamet rnte Total Percet 74 72 6 1 70 77 7 1 74 70 79 66 8 1 89 79 Male Percnt 76 76 66 08 02 69 74 77 77 62 84 80 79 Female Percent 7 1 68 58 68 72 73 73 79 00 70 78 90 78 Net wecndary enrollment rnte Total Percent 26 16 0 10 2 1 20 24 49 37 41I 45 62 62 MAle Percent 27 tO9 9 190 27 20 24 47 37 44 37 62 59 Femiale Pecment 26 14 6 9 14 20 24 50 36 30 50 63 64 Tertiary enrolment rate per 18,000 Total Per 10,000 65 Ad.lt literary rate TOta Percent 62 5I 40 57 40 49 53 04 82 74 01 90 90 Male Percent 72 64 59 70 59 64 67 08 07 82 84 93 93 Femnale Percnt 52 41 40 46 40 35 42 79 77 65 79 87 86 Ynouth blteray rate Total Pecert 79 72 68 80 73 68 72 91 09 85 89 94 96 Male Percent 04 79 74 84 77 77 01 92 09 91 80 97 96 Percal Percent 74 66 63 75 70 58 65 89 89 00 90 91 96 Enqoite Camereanase AuprOs des Menoges 1996 (Table continues on the follosing page) 0 - .0 0 0 0.0 0.0 s0 n1O O n _ i 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 .r f nO Vlr .- /n --nf fi0 1 01 E s; u £ -o>N > noo n-no n ooo on_ f -, O f .00-00 b t - - r r - o o- n n - 0 0 - n n n - fir- 0 -, Or-~~~~ nb fi< z -00 0, n--n 00r- 0-0 - - o 000 ro 0.00-> Fa n-0n ..-oo 0-o,-on 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V o 0 00 C _0 0=0 0=00= _ m t 0F 0. .0 0. .0 0 0. . .0 0 0 0.0.0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0.0 0.0.0 0 C CCCC CC00C2 000.00 0000 CCC0 000 000 -S tC >oN>o Xaou m oo 380 Household Welfare 16-4. M8e d'lvoire E.pndnitre Q-itile Ru-) Urba Unit of Na.loo Measure total All 0) 02 03 04 03 All 01 02 03 04 03 DmowAphic Indadisos Samnple sine (hoasbolds) Namber 4,200 2,280 0 470 0 453 0 437 0 453 0 447 0 1.920 0 400 0 382 0 386 0 376 0 376 0 Total Poplalion OOOs 16,816 9,225 4 2,552 0 2,135 3 1,915 2 1,484 8 1,138 I 7,590 2 2,12889 1,780 8 1,504 4 1,250 7 92534 Age dependencytato Number 0 8 1 0 1 2 I1 0 9 Os8 07 0 7 1 0 08 06 06 0 4 Avetg. hoashold sim Namber 5 7 5 9 8 3 6 9 5 9 4 7 3 6 5 6 880 6 8 5 5 4 5 3 2 Head Of Household Chasactetinties dg twfc lioch)jose Monogamoasmtuae Niaber 8 9 1 0 1 2 1 2 0 9 0 8 0 7 08 II I0 0 9 0 7 0 7 0 4 Polygamomawe Nuraber 0 9 1 0 1 1 0 0 8 8 9 089 0 8 0 9 0 7 0 5 0 9 0 6 Single male Namber 0 5 0 6 I1 0 9 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 3 0 6 0 5 0 3 0 2 0 1 De fietofemleai. Nurnbe I0 1 4 1 9 2 0 1 5 11 0 6 0 8 1 2 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 3 Deja coneale Nwmber 0 8 I10 1 4 1 0 0 8 I I 0 5 0 6 0 9 0 7 0 6 0 4 0 3 Edacaton level of bead No level Peracnt 57 1 67 6 76 7 71 1 67 4 64 6 38 1 44 8 69 5 51 0 42 8 34 0 26 6 Primary,not cospleted Percent III1 12 1 12 7 II17 13 1 II I 11 8 9 9 8 7 12 0 11 2 10 7 7 1 Primary conpleted,no secondaiy Percentt 7 8 7 4 5 0 8 8 7 7 7 4 81I 8 2 7 7 9 7 lOS 7 3 6 0 Secodauy not completed Percent 16 8 Secondary completed Percent 2 8 1 2 0 5 0 2 1 2 2 0 2 0 4 7 2 0 3 9 4 3 6 3 6 9 Tetriay Pecrcnt 4 2 1 3 0 2 0 7 1 3 4 1 78 II I0 3 2 4 3 10 1 20 2 Prt-school Perceot 0 1 8 1 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 2 Undefined Percent 0 1 8 0 0 2 0 1 0 3 8 2 Nlaatal Statu of bead Mlonogaxoietmale Pettene 38 2 58 0 49 1 62 3 62 5 58 2 58 0 58 3 51 5 63 2 67 5 58 7 38 7 Palygamnasmale Peteot 13 0 18 1 30 0 19 1 17 8 16 3 7 3 6 9 17 2 18 4 3 2 2 6 1 4 Smugetonale Perento 13 5 11 6 7 4 8 1 8 7 14 1 19 5 15 9 8 2 8 9 12 4 21 4 28 6 De factofemalc Peecent 3 4 2 2 1 4 2 4 2 9 2 6 1 8 4 8 5 8 4 9 4 5 4 6 4 3 De at eale Pecent 11 9 lAbOr Mi= Proportion aged 1-644in popailation Perocent 34 3 50 8 45 8 47 3 52 7 54 7 60 6 58 6 50 7 53 5 61 7 62 0 73 3 Propomon emplo)ed (aged 15 to 64) Percent 67 2 82 3 87 5 858 810 79 0 74 4 513 55 2 489 49 8 523 49 9 Females; among meployed (aged IS to 64) Peteet 4753 5035 54 5 51 3 49 3 48 2 43 8 42 6 49 8 43 6 42 9 36 7 34 9 Entpolymeut Ratios (among labao- fime) Emnploymoet Raao Percent 90 7 97 6 98 2 98 4 97 7 97 1 95 6 81 0 82 6 78 1 80 7 81 2 82 7 Founal Employment among EanPIoled Petcent P.blic Emrplo)ed among Fottal Emnployment Pcent inf-ttal Employrrent among Emplo3ed Pceteen Self-Employed amnong Infontia Emplo)ed Pet-cent Emplo3 cr among Emnployed Percent PmMaoron Employed mAgnmlorum Percent 56 1 83 5 898a 88 9 82 5 77 6 71 0 9 7 18 0 11 9 6 9 4 6 1 8 MDGI1 Eadcmh"ExtcuroPoverty and Ha,gc- Mea montivlly per capita expenditmr CFA franc 35.387 28,540 6 7,484 3 13,57735 19,516 2 28,702 9 73,472 4 43,432 4 11,162 2 19,023 4 28,312 6 42.885 3 116,049 2 Meamomthly sham onfoed Percent 56 7 64 8 65 3 66 2 65 0 65 2 62 1 47 3 54 4 50 4 49 6 45 0 36 9 Mmanmo.thly shamonlhealth Percet 6 1 5 7 4 9 5 6 5 8 5 7 6 7 6 5 5 3 6 6 6 4 6 7 7 7 Mt-an month], sh- on ed.monn Pecen.t -24 1 9 2 1 2 5 1 7 1 6 1 4 3I 3 8 3 5 2 7 3 0 2 4 MDG2 Eidac,il and Laitenoy;- M1203 Promote GSeadee Equality Access to pnmaay schltn (within 30 mintates) Pt-meat Net primary enrollment mtae Percent 52 43 33 43 46 53 59 64 54 62 65 75 89 Male Percent 55 47 38 46 48 53 65 67 57 68 67 83 89 Female Percen,t 49 40 28 39 43 SI1 54 61 SI 57 63 69 89 Net secondary enrolment tale Total Percent 21 to 5 9 13 IS 14 3 I 18 33 37 34 46 Male Percent 26 14 7 II1 1 8 21 2 1 40 23 42 50 44 60 Female Percent 16 6 3 6 8 9 8 24 14 22 27 27 37 Ternary enmlment rote part I0,008 Total Per 10,008 62 Adalt literacy rate Total Percent 48 33 24 31 35 38 43 64 50 61 65 74 79 Male Prcenct 61 46 36 45 49 SI 55 77 64 77 79 85 87 Female Percent 35 21 IS 18 21 23 3I 5I 38 46 52 62 70 Youth literacy rate Total Pececnt 61 47 39 47 5 I 49 56 73 65 76 71 78 80 Male Percent 72 59 49 59 61 62 67 86 75 89 88 89 92 Female Pecent 50 36 30 33 39 38 47 61 55 62 59 66 70 EnquEte Nivean de Vie des Menages en Cdte dIv-ie 1998 (Table ontinues on the following page) Household Welfare 381 16-4. Cote d'Ivoire (continued) Expendmue Qutml Rurol Urbun UnIt of N,Ho,lo- M--enrr torol All 0/ 02 03 04 05 All 01 02 03 04 05 rhncors MDI;4 Redue CId oi tority, MD imnpmve ftemal Health Pmporuon with distance to Health Center Ies5 thn 5 km Percent Morbidity Percent 15 14 11 11 IS II 17 16 13 15 17 20 20 Acton taken hen sick Pecent 54 48 36 51 49 50 58 60 49 62 62 61 72 Health pnonder oenersh,p Public Percent Pnvrte - Modem Medircne Percent Pnvrte - Tindtuonal Healeen Percent Other Prcnent Child surv-il and malnutnteon Bmth assiuted by tmned staff Percent l-yea,-olds mmnnlsatmon coverage Pcent l-year-olds immunited agaunst measles Percent Stnuting (6-59 months) Percent Wasting (6-59 months) Pecent Undeemee= h S (6-S9 months) Percent MUOT. Enture Eitviromnental Susttnnlblittv Osnero p-cey min Percent 50 70 81 79 71 63 58 25 37 27 24 IS 19 Accen to sanitation facilities Percent 67 42 34 42 39 43 52 96 92 96 96 98 97 Pmpoenon with distance to Water Sourc le ss than 2 km Percent Piopomone v th distance distance to Market Icss than 5 km Pcent Aecas tn pm-reved -ater macce Pipe (op tap) Pccent 19 6 4 4 5 a 12 35 21 31 33 40 48 Pipehbo.n Percent 7 2 1 2 2 2 3 13 7 10 14 15 IS Well (Pmteeted) Percent 51 73 79 77 74 68 69 25 47 31 22 16 11 Total Percent 78 82 84 83 82 77 84 72 75 71 69 70 77 Accens to n.impreved water ource SnrfaceWater Percent 7 13 14 14 12 16 10 0 0 Other PerCent 15 5 2 3 6 7 6 27 25 29 31 30 23 Total Percent 22 18 16 17 18 23 16 28 25 29 31 30 23 Traditional Fuel Use Firesood Percent 64 90 96 96 94 86 79 32 65 41 29 16 9 Charcoal Perent 25 3 0 1 2 4 8 51 28 52 60 63 49 Total Pecent 89 93 96 98 96 91 87 83 93 94 89 80 58 Nontraditional Fue Use Kenosene Percent 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Electeicity Penrcnt 0 0 0 Gmu Percent 4 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 1 2 4 8 23 Other Percent 8 6 4 2 4 9 11 9 6 5 6 12 IS Total Percent I1 7 4 2 4 9 13 17 7 6 11 20 42 Enquatt N-ceuo de Vie din Mcnages en C6te dIvmrc 1998 382 Household Welfare 16-5. Ethiopia E.penmntrem Q-mt.le Run) lrbu",, Un,: I f Nrnlu,ou A*u,ere 1tutu All 0) 02 03 04 05 All Q1 02 03 04 05 brdacotnt Demographc lodicators Samplersee (households) Number 16,672 8,459 0 1,469 0 1,382 0 1,519 0 1,670 0 2,411 0 8,213 0 1,118 0 1,358 0 1,506 0 1,883 0 2,348 0 TorulPopulation OOOs 54,736 47,331 2 9,501 7 9,513 I 9,303 8 9,507 2 9.50534 7,224 9 1,446 0 1,443 3 1,44539 1,444 9 1,444 7 Age dependency mro Number I10 1I 1 3 1 2 11 1 0 0 8 0 7 1 0 0 9 008 0 6 0 5 Averase bueodreNumber 4 9 4 9 5 9 5 4 32 4 8 3 8 435 56 5I 4 7 4 3 3 5 Bstea Of House Cl Ch,csrrt Age Depotddcny by hoosebold unueur Mon,ogammsumale Number I0 1I 1 3 1 2 I1 1 0 008 0 8 I0 0 9 089 0 7 0 5 Polygamous male Number I10 1 0 1 4 1 0 II 1 0 5 0 6 0 5 0 6 1 9 0 7 0 5 Singlemalde Number 0 6 0 6 1 0 0 6 008 0 8 0 4 035 1 0 0 8 0 6 0 4 0 3 D. facto female Number 08 0 8 1I 0 7 0 9 1 3 0 5 0 7 0 8 08a 0 9 0 5 053 D.ejute fmale Number I10 11 1 4 1 2 1 2 1 0 089 0 7 1 0 0 8 0 8 0 6 035 Eduaction Ieeel of bead No I-el Percent 70 9 75 7 03 3 79 7 77 3 70 3 71 2 41 7 60 3 54 3 44 6 36 1 24 0 Pnmary,rnot Completed Percent 10 8 10 5 6 9 8 4 9 5 14 0 12 0 12 9 13 4 1735 16 5 13 1 6 8 Pnmar)conmpleted, no scondary Pecent 2 7 2 3 1 7 IS 2 1 3 0 2 9 4 6 4 5 2 7 5 9 5 2 4 6 Secondary not comnpleted Percent 5 2 Secordar) Completed Percent 1 9 0 6 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 8 1 6 9 7 2 1 3 1 8 2 11I6 18 4 Terttuy Percent 1 7 0 4 0 1 0 3 1 3 9 5 II 3 7 5 7 9 5 21 6 Pr.-sclrool Pecent 6 0 6 3 5 5 7 0 6 0 8 0 5 2 4 1 5 9 5 0 335 4 4 2 7 Undefined Percent 0 8 0 8 0 7 0 9 1 0 0 6 0 6 1 1 2 1 2 0 8 2 0 0 7 Marntal Sterna of head Mornugurnus mule Prcent 67 8 71 1 74 8 72 3 74 3 73 5 63 5 47 8 52 5 50 0 50 0 49 0 40 9 Pulygu.-rnad.ul Percent 0 6 0 7 0 7 8 9 0 9 0 4 0 6 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 Sungicemale Percent 3 9 5 0 3 4 4 4 3 2 4 1 8 5 II1 5 9 3 9 7 1 10 1 23 1 De facto female Percent 0 9 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 9 0 3 0 7 3 0 2 3 3 6 4 1 2 8 2 4 De rum female Pecent 24 8 ILabrbr Murbet Proport.on aged 15-64 irr populauon Percent 4989 48 6 42 9 46 2 47 6 49 3 37 0 58 1 49 8 53 4 56 6 62 5 68 1 Pmporto.nemplo)ed (aged IS to 64) Percent 43 0 41 9 42 9 39 9 4061 41 4 44 9 48 9 46 8 46 1 46 8 47 9 55 3 Fenalesamong temployed (aged15 to 64) Percent 2835 2453 30 4 24 1 21 3 21 9 25 1 47 5 49 6 30 1 45 1 47 1 46 3 Employment Ratios (amonit labor force) Emuployment Rato Percent 8991 91 4 90 9 90 2 91 3 91 7 92 4 79 7 81 4 70 3 76 2 7935 82 3 ForrnuEmploymentumontgEmployed Percent 71 3 79 1 73 0 79 4 81 9 8153 79 4 34 4 22 0 26 8 30 1 39 3 46 1 Public Employedanong Forral Eimployrtent Percent 6 9 1 8 0 5 0 5 1 9 1 0 4 4 61 7 44 4 62 0 63 2 63 0 65 1 lofirnnal Emrploymnent amotg Emplo)td Percent 24 2 17 4 24 2 17 6 14 6 148B 16 6 56 5 73 7 67 7 64 6 49 8 38 3 Scif-Emplo)ed amontg ltfbrmu Errployed Percent 24 8 Employeruarrong Employed Pecent 2 5 2 7 2 0 2 4 3 1 3 0 3 0 IS 0 7 1 4 I1 1 3 2 6 Proproron EmpIo~td io Agriculture Percent MDG I' Eradicute Extreme Poverty and l4urgstr Mewnmonthly per capita expendrtum Ethtoptunbrrr 103 93 1 41 8 59 9 75 3 93 0 161 4 161 6 49 4 75 5 102 7 146 9 346 0 Meunmonthly shareon food PeCent 66 1 67 9 71 8 70 7 69 2 68 3 61 9 53 2 65 9 62 0 50 9 53 1 42 9 Meanmonthly shrconbhalth Pecent 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 8 0 7 0 8 1I 1 2 0 8 0 8 I I IS 1 4 Mew motrdvshremonoeductioon Pe-rcet 0 6 0 4 0 4 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 3 1 6 1 6 IS S1 1 6 10 MDGV2 Education end Lnemy,MDG3 Promoie G3end., EqZolty Accen to pmnrrwy school (-cthrn 30 minutes) Percent Net prnimary enrollment rote TOta Percent 30 25 1 9 23 29 25 32 75 66 70 76 84 85 Male Percen 32 27 20 25 30 27 35 75 68 68 75 85 86 Female Percent 29 22 1 8 20 28 2 1 29 75 64 7 1 77 82 84 Net secondary enrollment rate Total Percnt 9 3 2 3 3 3 5 40 30 36 4 1 50 47 Male Percent 10 4 4 3 3 5 7 43 29 38 47 54 54 Female Percnt It 2 I 2 2 2 3 38 30 35 36 46 42 T.Mryrn ennrolmet rmte per 10,800 Total Pe, 10,000 10 Adult literacy rote Total Percent 28 21 IS 19 20 23 25 67 54 59 66 71 79 Male Percent 41 34 26 32 33 39 39 81 70 75 s0 86 91 Female Percent 17 9 6 8 8 9 1 I 56 43 47 56 61 69 Youth Irterney rate Total Percent 39 29 24 32 29 30 31 84 80 01 86 87 86 Male Percent 50 43 35 47 43 45 42 90 84 86 91 95 95 Female Percent 20 17 12 17 16 16 20 80 76 78 02 01 01 We-lfar Monstonng Surety, 2000 (ruble centtu,-. on the follo-xeg p-age) Household Welfare 383 16-5. Ethiopia (continued) Expenditio Qminrtle Ruroil Urbons CMII of /Vortonol! Mearnre rlosal All 01 02 03 O4 05 All 01 02 03 O4 03 lnmdcate,, MII4: Redce Child Mortality; MD(35 Jmnotve Maternal Helth Prporbom with distance to Health Center less ttan 5 km Perent 47 47 38 37 39 40 37 37 98 97 98 99 98 Morbidity Percent 26 26 27 27 27 27 26 31 20 20 20 20 20 Acton taken whe sick Percent 41 41 39 30 36 40 41 46 67 60 65 68 71 Health pro-ider ownership Public Pecent 45 45 44 44 49 45 42 41 52 56 59 52 43 Pnvate - Modem Medicine Perent 45 45 45 46 40 46 46 48 42 36 36 41 51 Pnvatc .Traditional Heden Percet I I I 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 Other Poreent 6 6 7 6 7 5 9 7 4 4 3 4 4 Child serynval and milnatrditon Birth assistcd by tinined staff Percent ljear-olds. nanisation coveroge Percat 45 41 35 48 42 38 45 85 81 l1 84 88 I-) aer-lds mmemzed against teasls Percent 51 47 44 50 47 49 46 90 84 88 90 94 Smnating(6-59months) Percent 59 59 61 64 60 61 61 55 47 56 51 49 29 Wasung(6-59months) Percent II II II 12 11 11 9 11 7 8 9 6 7 Underwessht (6-59 months) Perent 45 45 46 53 46 48 41 43 27 36 30 27 14 MD(7 Etnre Environmental Sustalkmtlitv Owncr occupamcy rte Percent 86 86 92 94 92 94 93 90 48 46 49 49 47 Access ta santarIan facilities Percent 18 18 9 8 8 8 10 11 73 49 64 74 87 Pprpomon with distacc to Water Source less tham 2 km Percent 90 90 89 90 89 88 90 87 98 97 98 98 99 Proportion vith distance dbstance to Masket less than 5 km Percent 58 58 52 54 52 52 52 50 98 98 98 99 97 Acces to imiroced water s.orce Pip. (on tap) Percent 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 Pipe bomc Percent 17 17 7 7 7 6 6 8 82 74 79 84 88 Well(Pmtected) Percent II I 1 12 8 It 12 13 13 8 9 11 8 6 Total Percent 29 29 19 15 18 18 19 21 92 83 91 93 96 Acres to unimproved wter source Surfae Water Percent 34 34 39 42 39 37 39 36 5 8 5 4 2 Other Percent 37 37 43 43 43 44 42 43 4 8 4 3 2 Total Percent 71 71 81 85 82 82 81 79 8 17 9 7 4 Traditional Fuel Ute Firewood Percent 75 75 78 82 78 77 78 77 58 75 67 61 40 Charcoal Percent I I 0 0 0 8 5 7 9 11 Totad Percent 77 77 78 82 78 77 78 77 66 80 74 70 51 Nontraditional Fuel Use Keensene Percnt 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 21 7 13 20 36 Elctnecit) Percent 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 2 4 Gas Percent 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 3 Other Percent 19 19 21 17 22 23 21 22 9 13 12 7 6 Total Percent 23 23 22 18 22 23 22 23 34 20 26 30 49 Welftre Monmtonng Survey, 2000 384 Household Welfare 16-6. The Gambia Expenditure Qwanual Rural Uban Mirrlof Nationral Meas-r total All 0) 02 0.3 04 05 All 0) 02 03 04 05 3,lrccmnt Demogtraobiu lardreators, Saplessae(houscltolds) Number 1,958 933 0 138 0 158 0 16640 191 0 280 0 3.025 0 119 0 1480 177 0 230 0 3510 TotulPopulaeron 00Os 1,699 9418 18998 388 6 180 2 1868I 19884 757 4 150 6 352 3 3508 151 0 152 6 Age dependencyrut,o Number 0 9 31 33 3 2 3 2 31 0 9 07 0 9 09 09 0 6 0 6 AverauMhou old sa Number 7 8 92 1336 33 2 302 8 6 631 6 5 333 8 8 7 4 5 8 3 9 Read Of Houseol Carcrsoe Age Dependency by bethldarcasm Morogamoa Mal. Number 0 9 3 0 33 3 0 33 31 0 9 07 0 8 08 0 8 06 0 6 Polygamous male Number 3 0 33 1 33 3 331 13 30 0 9 3 0 30 09 00a 07 Single male Number 0 4 08a I35 09 8 9 0 5 0 3 0 2 0 4 031 0 3 0 3 031 I3efactafemale Number 0 8 I33 I3 33 32 3 0 07 08 0 8 30 0 8 07 0 7 De jum f:m.le Number 0 7 32 3 0 32 2 0 32 08a 06 3 0 06 0 6 05 0 5 Educatton level of head No ]-el Percent 70 7 87 9 953 95 2 90 4 93 0 76 4 55 5 78 2 7208 63 6 58 5 33 7 Prrmay,noteeomplretd Percent 3 0 231 23 0 6 231 0 5 4 3 3 8 4 3 4 8 308 48 2 5 Pmnay completed, nosecondary Percent 2 7 3 4 34 3 3 3 4 3 9 3 6 4 2 4 5 3 3 431 Secondary noat completed Perrcent 2 5 Secondary completed Percent 1332 5 4 0 7 0 9 4 4 3 8 32 0 20 2 4 6 7 0 1338 380 3631 Terary Percent 3 3 0 9 0 7 2 6 5 5 3 2 0 6 2 9 3 2 32 0 Pmc-school Percent Undefined Percent I3I 031 03 23 08 0 6 2 0 22 3 2 MantIal Status of head Monogarnoumalr Percent 5031 49 5 3631 39 4 45 7 57 3 5708 506 42 7 48 2 5653 55 5 48 2 Polygamour male Percent 2731 30 2 54 6 48 3 42 3 3053 2831 374 3739 2731 174 1337 8 5 Singlenmale Pereeatr 7 2 4 0 389 4 4 2 4 231 631 303 631 34 5 6 0 4 300 De fine female Percent 8 6 531 4 8 50 5 5 631 4 2 337 9 2 33 9 1334 324 33I D. u.rc female Percent 6 9 Labor Mawket Prepemon aged 15-64,M populatron Pecent 52 6 40 4 47 6 4635 46 5 48 0 5353 57 8 53 2 53 7 56 4 63 4 64 5 Proportion emnployed (aged 133to 64) Percent 58 7 75 9 82 2 76 5 76 2 72 7 72 2 40 8 30 0 37 0 40 0 42 7 45 2 Femalesuamong employed (aged 35 to 64) Pecment 48 7 5708 5431 50 2 57 2 5209 47 4 38 7 5314 30 9 38 4 36 5 32 2 Emplonyment Ratises (among lab., fio-c) Emoployment Ratio Percent 92 7 97 9 98 7 98 3 97 2 9031 97 2 84 0 79 4 800 0 2 6 85 5 90 5 Formal Employment among Employed Pecment 36 4 4 2 0 9 3 0 2 6 7 3 7 5 4031 23 9 33 4 35 3 44 2 57 4 Public Employed among Formnal Employment Percent 3598 45 4 53 4 40 3 38 7 33 9 50 6 33 9 23 6 3331 36 3 3231 30 5 Inforinal Employmcntuamong Emploved Pecent 82 4 9531 98 8 9644 9731 93 6 93 2 57 9 7531 6631 6331 53 5 40 5 Self-Emplo5ed atong Informal Employed Percent 74 0 Emplo3era ao,g Emnployed Percent 0 7 0 4 031 0 5 0 3 03 3 0 3 2 0 7 0 6 0 9 231 33 Pmporuon Emplo,ed inAenculwu, Percent 6431 087 98 0 90 0 93 0 03 3 79 0 22 3 42 7 3331 23 8 346 03I MDG 3: Eadreat Exetreme, Poverty and Hnngei Mean monthly per caprtaexpenditurre Gamobuandaltmsr 393 20335 50 9 04 5 3387 3057 414 9 5590a 3234 39535 2845 422 7 3,330 9 Mm ainm thl~ dbarc on food Percent 6431 728R 69 6 7331 72 9 74 9 73 6 60 3 6789 6553 65 4 6049 52 4 Mecnrmonthtly shtmon health Percent 30 331 33 1 33 33 30 3 0 30 0 7 3 0 30 31 0 9 Mcanmontrlv ohwc onedmeono Percent 3 0 2 7 2 5 3 8 3 0 2 6 2 0 3 3 4 4 3 7 3 8 3 4 2 5 MDG2' Educatro and Literacy, MDG3: Promrote GeniderEquishly Access to primary school (-tuno 30 rmmoter) Percent Net pnm.ry enrollment rate Total Percent 49 44 30 49 44 50 48 57 44 49 56 64 75 Mal. Percent 531 47 37 50 45 50 53 59 46 58 57 62 75 Female Percent 46 43 23 47 42 50 44 54 42 42 54 67 75 Net secondary -roeliment rate Total Percent 38 0 I 8 30 30 34 30 36 20 31 35 34 Male Peircent 22 331 3 33 35 32 is 36 23 20 34 40 57 Female Percent 14 5 4 3 7 9 24 32 32 27 30 50 Tertinary enrolment rare ptr 30,00 Toedl Per 30.000 7 Adult literacy rote TOta Percent Male Percet Female Percent Youth literacy rote Total Percent Male Percent Female Percent 'Me Gumbma 3990 Housebold Poverty Survy ?fale continues on the followcing page) Household Welfare 385 16-6. The Gambia (continued) Eipendietn Q-tintl. R-re Urban VMi of Nrjo,ea) A*rro-e total All Ql 02 03 04 05 All 01 02 03 04 05 Indicatst MDG4. R6ednc Child Mbrtaltyt, MDG5S Improve Matemrnl Health Pmnporbon mrth distance to Health Center less thwr 5 km Percent Morbidity Percent 7 8 8 7 8 9 9 6 4 5 6 7 5 Acton taken ,hen snik Pencent 75 72 72 69 79 75 65 81 78 83 86 81 78 Health provider ownership Pobhic Pcrcent 82 82 84 80 82 80 87 82 77 88 90 78 75 Pav.to-ModernMdic-e Percent 14 13 10 18 18 IS 6 16 17 9 9 21 24 Pnvate - Tradibonal Healers Percent 3 4 6 2 1 6 7 2 6 3 1 1 1 Other Percent Child survival and naltnutbon Birth assisued by ttmned staff Percent I-year-olds immunisation covetage Pcent I-ycar-olnds ommoized gaintst eonsles Percent Stiuntng (6-59 months) Prcnent 24 28 34 21 27 29 31 17 27 21 15 10 12 Wssung (6-59 ronths) Percent 7 8 8 6 9 7 8 7 3 7 5 10 13 Under eioh(6-5Smonths) Percent 21 26 33 22 23 26 27 13 14 14 17 11 9 MD5G07 Eosnrc Bnvtonseotod Sustoinability Ov ner oceopancy tate Percent Aeeesntos mtatonn fantclrs Perent 96 93 96 93 92 94 91 99 99 99 97 99 99 Prportion ith distance to Water So.n less than 2 km Peccent Proporton -sith distance distance to Marxet lss than 5 ki Percent Access to improved water snorce Pipe(ossntaP) Percent 21 2 1 1 2 3 39 15 16 26 39 64 Pipe bome Percent 38 25 19 23 32 24 25 50 60 65 63 52 31 Well (Proe,ted) Perront 20 40 54 51 40 31 34 2 4 4 1 1 1 Total Percent 79 66 74 74 73 56 63 90 78 85 89 92 96 Access to unmproved water ...ree Surfite Water Percent Othcr Prcnent 21 34 26 26 27 44 37 10 22 15 11 8 4 Total Percent 21 34 26 26 27 44 37 10 22 15 11 8 4 Traditional FPoe Use F.resood Percent Chaecoal Percent Total Percent Nontraditional Faut Use Kerosene Percent Elfeitnity Percent Gms Percent Other Percent Total Percent The Gambia 1998 Household Posotty Surve5 386 Household Welfare 16-7. Ghana E.ptendlnt Qornl. UWI of Natt-aa 3k.ore Otto All 0) (32 03 (34 05 All 63) 02 03 (14 (15 104100100 SnpI, i..(hoseltoldo) Notohee 5.998 3,799 0 56800 625 0 665 0 7760 1,165 0 2.199 0 310 0 343 0 403 0 43550 70860 Total Popolatlon OOOS 10.239 11,493 4 2,295 4 2.19000 2.266 7 2.240 6 2.40999 6.74508 I 1302 1.26553 1.331 0 1.440 3 1.559 0 Age depcdotey U.t Nmbe,, 09 10 2 12 II 0 0 7 089 II 0119 081 0 7 0 5 HAVe OboaebtdtoNotber 44 47 63 57 55 747 31 40 57 52 45 43 26 AaefDependolat by btooeltld Oodeo Mooogaa,ooomale Nutobe 0 9 10 1 I I I 09 08 68 II6 0 39 08 7 0 6 PolygootooIetalew Nuober 10 I II I2 I 0 1i 0 06 09 I 0 9 0 6 Staileetole Notober 0 4 0 5 00 1I0 0 6 0 7 0 2 0 2 II 69 65 0 2 0 1 De fmo tfetoa Nober II 12 10 1 I S I I10 0 9 I3 0 1 I0 08S 0 7 Dej- rfemaole Notbor 1 I IS S 13 1 0 07 0 9 IS 3 I 00 08 06 Ed-fealo. le,el of bood Nolevel Perett 32 0 39 1 6533 47 4 32 9 32 5 30 1 2108 44 3 31 6 25 7 1909 9 5 Pdttat.no, teomledw Pmeeut 13 2 17 7 107 16 6 21 1 21 6 17 2 11 7 14 7 12 8 14 0 lOS 9 8 P6oooon,Iexped.oo ewegoaty Petymt 29 4 26 4 139 23 7 30 2 29 1 2908 3309 25 9 29 4 36 6 37 9 34 6 Settdaty cot cootpleted PMeott 4 0 SMtodaY .cowleted Pu-col 9 2 9 08 2 2 2 2 3 7 4 1 103 II1 7 7 4 9 lOS5 16 9 Tceli0 P;tt 004 5 0 0 9 2 4 4 5 3 9 90 134 47 9 3 lOS5 14 7 Is07 Pto-=h-oo Pc,,cc,t 3 3 4 0 4 7 4 0 4 3 4 6 3 1 2 4 6 1 3 6 3 2 1 5 0 9 U,oddflod Pu-ot 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 4 04 II1 0 3 Minfto Stot.. of head Mmogotoo.al wPu-eto 528 56 2 63 4 57 0 63 2 56 9 40 3 46 0 48 9 3453 3453 369 37 0 Polygotnuosmale Perreot 20 308 7 4 SI 34 3 7 17 13 36 21 66 8 1 02 Siog&tool Pereel I18 9 6 451 641 41 8 0 172 ISO 61 69 7 2 10 6 27 6 D.ef. ooceP-t 11 6 I0 1 03 10 4 129 9 0 99 13 0 20 0 120 14 9 i4 4 11 6 Do ore fetoole ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~P-,,eo 21 0 Peopomoonogd 15.64 I opupllto P-.cco 521 40 5 44 5 46 2 47 4 5t10 373 56 6 47 4 320 3554 30 5 66 7 Prop.otoooeo1tl3d (ogd 191I064) Pumeo 574 000 4609 50 6 575 394 70 4 56 6 50 3 52 7 3551 57 0 6553 F-oolomoo8egOptos66(gml IStoM Poucot 51 1 49 2 42 6 4035 5108 310 49 3 54 0 373 570 30 2 5005 47 2 Empl.y-et R.to. (UtOofl labor foc) Eetpl.ytoelRau. Pu-coo 66 1 7009 69 3 63 2 70 0 60 0 770 50 9 3563 37 2 08 0 393 63 0 Fo.W oEtploy-toctotoog Enwlo3d P-etet 10 7 11 7 3 6 3 0 10 7 II I .01 29 3 12 9 22 1 20 6 33 0 3781 Poblic Eotloyod oog Fonool Etoploymtoet Porcut 431 451 364 449 45 0 52 7 422 419 56 9 526 41 5 41 3 369 Iofon-oE.oployot """'toog0.TIoyd1 Poeoo 706 62 93 2 93 3 674 84 773 67 0 85 6 74 2 60 6 63 3 57 0 Sclf-Etoployed -ootog tfonoal EtpI.oed Pu-cool 1900 EmoployorsocoogoEpl.yed Pu-to 2 4 11 1 2 I3 1 7 10' 2 4 3 3 I 3 3 7 1 9 354 40 Pr,one,o.EM),lood mAgoeotue Pmerec 43 4 016 024 68 671 61 7 -47 1 IS 406 20 6 155 109 33 MDOI E,odtrol Euteoet Povoel od H,itge M-Motototby pa ep,a eood~tlo Ghotaoea, edlt 119,077 91.523 9 23.1906 39.131 6 55,065 0 77.592 2 176,149 1 161,06668 38,435 6 66.819 4 966.922 136.32536 286.033 0 M- mwhotltytbh-eo. fod Poreot1 59 2 62 4 62 9 64 0 62 9 62 0 61 3 046 39 5 36 4 53 2 53 2 3208 Meotodsao, healtht Pret 3 7 30 3 3 3 5 3 40 0 33 2 33 39 3 6 35 Meooodvleotdao.t0 Perce,t 3 9 31 3 37 37 3 4 2 0 30 908 54 5 3 6 6 3 6 3.4132 Ed-dotlo oto Lfttrae3 64133 Peootct Goodu-Equliy = P.eu topoay ao!(-thla 30000010) Perceot Total Pe-et 61 54 39 40 53 60 68 74 67 70 73 Si 79 M4al. Pe.IO 61 53 30 50 50 70 64 77 60 76 73 87 79 Feotale ~~~~~~~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~~Peeve 61 56 40 46 38 67 71 71 63 65 74 73 so Total Peeto 10 7 3 6 6 6 1 2 16 7 1 2 19 2 1 19 Male Petvool I I 8 3 6 tO 10 12 16 3 tO 22 2 1 23 -F-etoal-1o,DOP-eote tO 6 3 6 3 7 12 IS 9 13 17 21 16 Tota pe 10.06,0 13 Adalth-teoo rat Total P-eeo 53 43 24 35 44 o3 53 67 45 59 64 75 82 Male P-reo 67 59 36 30 63 66 72 79 60 75 76 64 91 Fetoole ~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~Perct 40 29 13 23 20 36 39 57 34 47 54 67 73 Tota Preto 66 57 42 48 56 66 60 70 67 74 79 60 86 Male Pe-et 73 65 47 56 69 77 77 03 74 so 86 07 91 F-eott Pervet 59 47 34 39 42 53 58 72 59 67 70 75 01 Gh- oL., g Swad-b S-tete 4 1990/1999 (Table ..tO0ta 00 the follocotog Page) n c-o a_c--c- c-cr--.0o os n o n o x -- cc a -cro C. nc-c Onco nccc- ccc- Occc n0s - c-c -anc-cx R>o -e-c c Deo o__, ..# rc cccccc2ccccc cc.- c A'c-- cnnc-cc cn cc g c ccG 388 Household Welfare 16-8. Kenya Expenda-r Quont.lc R-ral Urba- hin t of NVotioal Ma*-r total All 01 02 03 04 OS All 0) 02 03 04 095 lod,oators De.ograph,c lodrators Sample s.n (households) Number 10,874 8,963 0 1,339 0 1,521 0 1,646 0 1,813 0 2,644 0 1,911 0 273 0 262 0 327 0 514 0 535 0 Total Pop.latto. OOOs 25,468 21,490 3 4,297 7 4,298 9 4,292 9 4,302 9 4,297 9 3,978 0 797 2 792 5 798 2 795 0 795 0 Agedclpemlenc}ramo Numbe, 0 9 1 0 1 3 1I 1 0 0 9 0 7 0 6 1 0 08a 0 5 0 4 0 3 A-rag. household s-a Nraber 4 6 4 9 6 4 589 5 4 408 3 3 3 5 5 3 4 3 3 8 2 9 -2 5 Head Of Househod Characesoocs Age Dependency by hoosehold nostrucue Mooogmoonsmale Number 0 9 1 0 1 3 I1 1 0 0 9 0 7 0 6 1 0 7 0 6 0 4 0 3 Pol8amouas male Number I10 1 0 1 2 1 0 1 0 0 9 08 00 a 1I0 0 8 0 9 0 5 0 2 Smsilemalc Number 0 4 0 5 1 0 089 0 9 0 7 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 De fcto femal. Number 1 3 1 3 1 7 IS 1 4 I1 0 9 08 a IS 1 3 0 6 0 4 0 7 De lurefemale Number 0 9 1 0 1 4 I1 1 0 0 9 8 8 0 6 0 9 1 2 0 2 0 5 0 2 Ed-rton le-el of bead Nolevel Pc,eent 27 5 32 5 41 1 36 3 35 7 29 5 26 1 8 0 14 7 11 2 4 6 7 5 5 6 Pnmaty, otcompleted Pcreentt 2709 29 7 36 0 33 4 29 4 29 4 24 7 20 2 28 9 22 7 23 1 22 8 10 6 Pnmaryvcompleted, no socndar~, Pemest 14 9 14 6 10 9 14 3 1489 17 3 1408 16 1 17 3 17 2 20 4 16 5 11 6 Seconday out wompleted pereent 10 4 S.comdar)completed Pecent 14 4 10 8 3 5 5 5 7 7 11 5 19 0 28 3 16 0 26 9 21 9 32 2 35 9 Testrarv Pecent 289 1 3 0 5 88 0 3 8 5 3 1 8 5 89 5 2 6 3 3 3 19 8 P.-,chool Peceot 0 1 0 1 00 01I 0 1 03 8 1 U.dfi.ed P-ret 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 253 2 2 2 4 18 2 7 2 1 2 3 1 2 1 3 Mantal Statu, of head M,nogamous male Percemt 38 0 56 0 56 9 55 3 57 5 58 7 53 3 65 8 76 3 63 1 58 4 64 5 68 5 PoI>8-muama. Poret 7 2 81I 11 0 11 6 7 5 7 5 5 4 3 8 6 2 6 0 4 3 2 1 2 4 SmgIc male Pecent 6 5 5 6 1 8 3 2 4 0 3 5 11 4 18 0 1 7 1 9 11 5 12 4 15 6 Detfcrofemale Pecenct 11 6 13 7 16 0 14 5 14 3 14 8 11 0 3 6 5 6 2 5 5 4 3 9 1 7 Do tam frmale Pecent 16 6 Labo, Maket Propon.on aged 15-64 .. populatno Ferent 5280 49 8 42 6 46 9 49 1 51 7 58 8 64 1 48 8 355 5 67 4 71 6 76 9 Ptoportionemplos ed (aged IS to 64) Pecent 43 9 39 7 34 4 33 7 38 2 38 6 50 5 61 5 48 1 59 9 58 7 63 3 71 9 Females among cmploycd (aged IS to 64) Percent 37 9 39 2 38 7 39 3 42 0 39 6 37 3 34 4 30 5 40 7 35 4 33 3 32 4 E.ployment Ratras lamaone labar farce) EroploymewtRatro P-ret 85 4 86 3 8480 82 9 85 6 87 1 89 3 83 2 75 2 78 6 78 1 86 3 9280 Fomtal Employment among Emplosed Peret 26 9 21 7 12 1 ISO 5Is8 22 5 32 6 41 2 28 7 34 8 37 2 43 6 51 2 Public Employed among Formal Employment Percent 48 5 52 8 38 0 42 5 sot1 5389 58 5 42 6 41 2 33 3 47 4 47 4 40 8 I.formal Emplom11ont amo.g Emploved Percent 72 4 77 9 87 6 83 7 84 1 76 9 66 7 57 4 70 9 63 9 61 9 5589 46 0 Sclf-Emplo)ed among Inormal Employed Percet 67 0 Employersamocng Employed Percnt 8 7 0 5 0 2 0 4 8 1 0 5 0 7 1 4 0 4 1 3 0 9 0 6 2 8 PromportsEmploved u,Ag.-Ittut Percent 43 4 56 9 6.47 62 3 61 2 56 9 47 6 6 9 8 1 6 8 6 0 6 7 7 2 MFDG I Emdstcate Exttcote Povcrty and Huoiger Moarn orahl) per cap.taoevpeocdseu Kshs 2,244 1,716 4 454 8 718 7 998 1 1,431 2 3,56889 4,298 6 1,648 4 1,636 9 2,255 1 3,541 5 9,396 2 Mcat,momtbvysbamon foed Fercet 70 4 73 9 76 8 75 8 76 9 74 9 68 8 56 9 65 3 64 4 58 4 56 6 47 9 M-an o.thrlyshiarooobhealthi Foent 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 2 8I 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 3 Meanomonthlv shaeo. cd.catum Pe,cent 3 5 3 3 2 8 3 2 3 3 3 6 54 0 1 9 353 38 4 2 5 3 M1562 ducaton andLrteocy, MO3~ Ftmoro eedorqaality Accst to p.ma,) xchnl (sosthm 30 imautes) percent 69 63 57 63 62 64 66 91 88 89 93 90 95 Net pnmaey enrllmet rate TOWa Formt 73 73 65 73 72 77 82 78 69 8 1 83 82 80 Malc Pececnt 72 71 64 71 69 77 82 77 66 87 81 78 74 Female Percent 75 74 66 74 74 78 81 78 72 74 85 85 86 Net seonadar enrollmet rae Totl- Foment 12 10 4 6 9 13 18 29 tO 14 22 38 62 Malo F.omet 12 9 3 5 8 13 19 36 189 13 34 42 73 Female Pecent I I 10 4 7 t0 13 17 22 3 14 14 33 49 Teon-y enroment rate pe, I0,0D0 Toed Per 10,808 28 Adult Irteracy rate Toedl Percetm 78 75 67 72 74 78 79 92 87 91 94 93 95 Male percent 86 83 77 88 82 86 88 96 92 93 98 96 98 Female Percent 71 67 59 64 67 71 71 89 83 89 89 90 91 Youth hteracy rate Total Fomcent 94 93 91 91 94 94 95 95 92 98 95 95 96 Male Fomcent 95 94 92 93 96 95 96 98 95 99 99 98 98 Female percent 92 92 90 90 92 93 94 93 90 98 90 93 93 Kenya Welfoce Momrtonog Survey III 1997 (Table contues en tbe follo.mtg page) Household Welfare 389 16-8. Kenya (continued) Expenditr.e Quinile Rut-l Urben Unit of National Me-stai total All 01 02 03 04 05 All 01 02 03 O4 05 Indicator M 4. Rednen Child Mortalty MI D -liepro e Ma torihie thl- Prnporon ih disttncer to Health Centerl n that5 ki Percent 72 65 56 62 61 66 73 98 98 99 98 98 99 Morbidity Percent 16 15 12 15 14 17 18 17 14 13 22 17 21 Action taken whn sick Percent 90 90 86 89 87 93 92 92 88 93 96 96 88 Health pronder ownerhlip Public Pernent 32 31 34 30 38 28 27 36 54 35 31 39 28 Pnv-te -Modern Medicne Percent 51 49 48 46 41 53 55 59 4 1 56 65 54 69 Pnvate - Teational Heaatn Percent 3 3 3 4 4 3 1 2 3 1 2 2 0 Other Pcnvent 7 a 7 12 11 7 6 1 0 1 2 2 1 Child survival and malnutnrton Buithsnsistcdbytrained staff Pcent 47 42 30 37 40 50 61 75 62 71 76 8S 94 I-year-olds nmnnusanon covetmge Percent 72 68 52 74 69 72 80 86 73 96 83 97 92 I-year-olds immmized agnst eteasnl Percent 83 80 69 80 83 83 91 92 87 96 91 100 92 Stunanting (6-59 months) Percent 38 40 50 40 34 35 35 32 44 31 26 28 21 Wsting (6-59 months) Percent 6 6 7 5 8 6 6 5 5 7 8 2 2 Underweinhi (6-59 etneths) Percent 22 24 32 26 21 19 19 13 20 12 14 7 8 MDG7: Ensrne Envauonnental Sntialnntlbdte On-eroccupancytrte Percent 72 87 96 93 93 91 74 iI 17 9 4 9 14 Access to titation fnerttes Percent 86 83 73 S0 82 86 S9 95 88 89 95 99 97 Pmpomton ithdiutance toWaterSon,celektthan2kkm Percent 68 62 53 59 61 61 68 92 89 96 90 92 94 Propornon with distance dittance to Market less thtan 5 km Percent 82 78 77 79 78 77 79 99 99 98 99 99 100 Access ton mproved water source Pipc (o-n tp) Ptn ent 17 10 3 6 8 9 17 44 32 33 38 45 59 Pipe bome Percent 19 14 10 15 10 14 17 40 42 46 44 45 30 WaIl (Protcctod) Percent 13 16 16 18 17 IS 12 2 6 3 1 1 1 Total Percent 49 39 29 39 34 41 46 86 81 82 63 91 90 Acres. to unmpr-ved water souree Surface, Wate Percent 32 39 47 37 42 39 35 2 3 2 1 2 2 Other Percent 20 22 24 24 24 20 19 12 17 17 16 7 8 Tottd Percent 51 61 71 61 66 59 54 14 19 18 17 9 10 Traditional Fael Use Fmcvood Percent 73 91 99 97 97 93 78 5 16 5 2 4 2 Charcoal Perocnt 8 5 1 2 2 4 11 21 32 21 26 22 12 Total Percent 82 96 100 99 99 97 89 26 48 26 28 26 13 Nontradmt,nnat Ful UJ.e Kenosene Pcent 15 3 0 0 2 9 62 51 72 69 65 54 Eleetnicity Percent I 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 2 7 Gas Percent 2 0 0 0 0 1 9 0 2 6 25 Other Percent I I 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 ToWal Percent 18 4 0 1 1 3 11 74 52 74 72 74 87 Ken) a Welfare Montoning Survey 111 1997 390 Household Welfare 16-9. Madagascar E.pestd.ttti Qootttc, R ... I Utb-h Unit of Nati-na Meot, minI All QI 02 03 04 05 All1 01 02 03 04 05 Iodmcataon D3emtaUttpb,o d,adteaan Sample -t (lto-oho1ds3 Notaber 5,120 2,80000 452 0 495 0 554 0 622 0 757 0 2,240 0 298 0 367 0 415 0 407 0 673 0 Total Poptlotto 001S 14,631 11,377 0 2.276 9 2,275 0 2,277 3 2,272 5 2.275 4 3.253 6 632 3 649 4 650 9 650 2 630 0 AS. depeede.cvmtto Noatber 0 9 1 0 1 3 8 2 1 0 0 9 0 7 0 7 11 0 9 0 7 0 6 035 A,megelthoaoboldatso Nttaber SI 3 2 6 7 6 1 5 4 4 9 38& 4 9 60 35 3 51 4 3 335 Hood Of H4ouwhlold CltaacnIewttic Ago Dopoadecy by booseOtold sastol- Mo...gamoos..I. Notber 0 9 1 0 1 3 1 2 1 0 0 9 0 7 0 7 1 0 0 9 0 7 0 6 0 6 Polyg-otoo m.le N.omb.e Sotgloe..I. Ntbatn 08 0 8 1 5 1 0 1 0 0 6 0 6 0 6 1 3 0 7 0 4 0 7 0 3 D. footo fotola Nambo 1 0 1 1 6 1 0 1 3 0 9 009 09 I1 1 2 0 8 0 8 0 4 De jm feccotlc Numb, 08 a 19 1 3 1 2 0 9 0 9 0 6 0 7 1 2 089 08 0 7 0 4 Edacat,oa lcsedofhead NolI.,el Pe-cot 2308 27 3 38 1 2608 32 1 23 8 20 7 12 4 238S 13 7 17 6 73 40 Protatay,tiactooploltd Pot-coa-t 3035 34 4 38 6 3789 36 2 34 7 20 2 17 8 29 4 23 1 17 2 13 9 10 6 Pettayoootplotod,coosoooadoty P-tot 16 4 16 3 12 2 16 9 14 6 19 1 17 1 8689 2035 22 3 16 4 16 1 12 3 Secoadat, act coatplotd Petcot 21 2 Sooodaty otplaeod Fence. 408 30 08a 2 1 2 0 2 2 6 0 11 0 581 6 7 8 6 82 8 868 Tetoan) Preset 28a I I 0 4 0 5 035 38 0 4 1 4 235 4 0 87 18 4 Pe-thool Po-ot 035 0 6 1 0 0 4 0 9 0 4 0 6 081 0 1 0 1 0 2 Undefined Pet-cot ManIal Sttat. of head Mooogomooamale Petcot 73 6 7689 76 7 81 3 8 1 79 6 69 0 7835 74 3 73 0 72 9 73 2 67 1 Poly&-om oasmlt Peccoot S'oglrsoale Pmoeot 6 3 60 0 4 3 9 3 5 37 88 6 605 3 1 5 0 205 6 7 11 7 Do factofem-1 Pccc.t 7 9 7 9 10 3 6 8 8 0 60 88 70a 9 9 883 7 2 a80 409 Do to- femalo Poemcm 10 0 Labor MAeket Peopoototcited 15-64 .popho.oo Pet- -eat 51 7 30 0 43 2 4539 49 8 32 5 389 5735 40 4 5281 5908 60 6 66 7 Propos0oaomplo)od(cited 15 to64) Fo-ot 70 0 8335 83 9 82 5 047 85 7 88 0 61 2 6681 62 3 58 0 38 9 68 6 Femaletamotgemplo5od (aged 15 to64) Peecoot 46 9 47 3 48 8 43 0 46 9 4881 47 4 4534 47 6 43 7 4653 4530 44 6 Ecoplot.mea Ramts lamaae labor faorcel Emplo,o,cot Rott Pexcoot 97 7 98 0 98 2 9802 9881 98 3 97 6 96 1 93 3 9635 97 3 9335 930a Forma Employ-teoamog E.ployed P-eot 14 2 8 5 3 5 7 3 6 2 7 9 83 8 38 0 2289 3081 370I 432 5o00 PoWlcEmployed moig Fo-n-o- Emply-tet Peecont 20 9 is01 822 to09 145 19 2 22 5 2335 864 23 2 23 7 2381 23 2 Wto-1o Employmentomog8Emplo)vd Pet-net 83 1 981 96%4 9235 93 3 91 6 83 4 60 1 74 2 6835 60 2 3481 47 7 Self-Emplo)ed omoeg lofos-t-aI Emplo~e4 Pec,cet 30 5 Etapl.)eneo.g Eoplo.nt8 PMet-et 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 2 035 0 2 0 7 1 4 2 3 08 8 3 0 4 260 Poopoon. Empl.,odmAaAgmoltta Pmet-.t 3235 376 53 2 60 1 57 3 61 2 54 3 3881 4681 43 9 30 7 22 9 8609 MDG I Erod.cateEoceme, Poaenty to HwItoo Mcanmootblypeocoptmaeopood&t- Malogo3 ftooo 67.747 54,210 1 15,770 9 26,141 9 36,307 4 51,860 3 108,172 9 882,000 6 26,00803 47,739 3 72,120 9 807,335 4 226,009 9 MeonmooIthl h aoeeofood Po-coo 72 4 75 2 7381 76 7 7335 76 5 73 1 63 0 6835 63 2 6203 62 3 5935 Meoamonthily h.. ohualth Pet-cot 3 0 289 2 9 3 1 2 7 2 8 2 6 3 8 3 7 3 8 4 3 3 7 3 6 Me"oomothldy bah- ed.ctnoa Pet-coo 89 135 2 0 1 7 8 6 8 2 83 3 2 3 0 308 38S 34 2 2 MDG2- Edocottot od Ln-eac; M8303 Promote Gomle Epo)ll Acceas t.oPela) chool (-thlo 30 minute) Ptcmcot Net pn.ary earoll.ent rate Total Pcsoect 67 64 32 66 64 64 77 82 67 78 84 94 97 Mule Pet-ca 67 63 535 63 63 63 74 82 66 74 91 97 93 F-emn Pe-et 68 64 30 68 64 65 88 82 68 88I 79 92 98 Net -eodary ...roll.c.t rate Total Pet-cont 80 6 2 4 4 6 16 24 6 18 24 34 46 Mole Pcoceat 9 6 8 3 3 8 14 23 3 20 88 30 533 Fema.le Potcot I I 6 2 4 3 4 19 25 8 16 28 37 40 Tert.ary eat-aimet rate per 80,800 Totol pot 80,00 8 Ad.kIn.tlracy rate Total Pe"tco 67 61 44 58 30 66 74 84 66 81 83 90 94 Male Pemeeo 78 66 49 64 62 78 77 87 68 06 87 93 93 Female Pe=t-aa 63 57 40 52 34 68 70 82 63 76 83 87 93 Youth lIlteracyv rate Total Pe-neat 70 64 47 60 63 72 78 87 69 09 91 91 95 Mole Pe-cot 70 65 47 62 64 74 76 87 66 92 89 92 96 Female1 P-t-co 70 64 48 38 63 71 79 88 72 06 93 91 94 E.q.et. Pe..tonoo 1999 (rable coottuoat, thm flolcimg page) Household Welfare 391 16-9. Madagascar (continued) Expenditaee Qwsotle Ru,I Urban LOslt of National Mkes.s total All 0° 02 03 04 05 All 01 02 03 04 05 Indicaors MDCi4. Rut o Child Mortafits MW3; Imotbve tiul lt, Proporton with distance to Health Centcr Ies than 5 km Percent Morbidity Percent II II 10 10 I1 12 13 9 9 11 8 9 9 Actiontakenewbnsick Percent 46 42 29 39 41 48 52 61 56 58 61 64 68 Health pravnder o-senhip Pubic Pcent 59 61 76 69 68 59 47 53 62 70 56 39 39 Pnvate - Mod.s Medcince Percent 32 30 20 22 23 32 42 36 23 21 36 48 53 Pltvate -TmditionalHealert Pement 4 4 3 6 6 2 5 4 4 5 4 5 2 Other Preecnt 2 3 1 2 2 3 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 Child survival and mainutntion Birth assisted by tiined staff Percent It-)eu-olds tmmumisabon coverage Percent 61 57 45 57 Sl 63 76 76 70 78 63 84 91 1-year-olds immunized against measles Percent Stowing(6-S9montht) Pent 49 50 50 48 50 52 49 44 48 51 44 42 32 Wstamng(6-59months) Percent 14 is 16 IS 16 13 10 14 17 17 11 15 11 Unde-weight6-59months) Percent 35 35 40 33 40 33 29 31 36 36 27 34 18 MDG7 EnSUMEotmneraStainoility Owner occupancy rate Percent Accessto santationfacilibes Percent 52 43 32 36 39 46 54 S0 60 70 St 84 93 Pnoportion with distance to Water Sounce Iess than 2 km Percent Peepombos with distance distance to Market es than 5 km Percent Acena Itom-rved wter soarer Pipe (own tap) Percent 4 1 1 2 15 1 3 7 16 32 Pipebome Percent 19 8 3 5 6 a Is 52 40 S1 60 54 51 Wel (Pmteced) Percent I I 0 I 0 1 2 3 2 3 4 6 2 Total Percent 24 10 3 6 6 10 19 70 43 57 71 76 85 Ae.n. to utmmproved water s-ube SurtceWater Percent 57 70 77 79 73 74 55 14 32 22 14 10 4 Other Percent 19 20 19 15 21 17 26 16 25 20 15 13 11 Total Pecent 76 90 97 94 94 90 S1 30 57 43 29 24 IS Traditional Fue Ute Firewood Percent S0 92 99 96 96 92 00 40 84 63 39 28 14 Chamenal Perent IS 7 0 1 3 6 1S 55 14 35 59 69 75 Total Percent 90 99 99 99 99 98 90 95 90 90 97 96 89 Nontraditional Fuol Une Kemsenc Percent Electnccty Percent 0 1 0 1 2 Gmi Prcent I 0 1 I 2 0 1 1 6 Other Percent I I I I I I 1 2 2 2 1 2 3 Total Percent 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 5 2 2 3 4 11 Enquete Pnontaim 1999 392 Household Welfare 16-10. Malawi Exrperrdrtrm Qarutle R.rro Urba Unit of National Afror.", ruroi All 0) 02 03 04 05 All 0) 02 03 04 OS hndheuaoi Deenuyecrtrc luicotom Sample srze(households) Number 6,5816 5,657 0 90280 1,024 0 1,1060 1,190 0 1,427 0 929 0 200 0 184 0 174 0 194 0 177 0 Total Population OOOs 9.795 8,795 0 1,759 5 1,759 4 1,758 0 1,759 3 1.758 9 1.000 0 200 3 199 9 1998 199 5 200 4 Age depedeucy ratio Number 0 9 0 9 3 2 30 0 9 08a 0 7 0 6 0 9 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 Avmernheousold siz Number 4 4 4 4 5 3 4 8 4 5 4 2 3 6 43 5 4 453 4 2 3 5 3 6 l8udof HouscholdChmumetnorr Age Dependmeny by houstbuld structure, Mdonogamusmurtale Number 0 9 0 9 31 1 0 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 7 3 0 0 7 0 6 0 6 053 Polygamou male Number 0 9 0 9 II 35 09 09 0 7 Single male Number 0 4 0 5 0 6 3 2 0 6 053 0 2 0 2 0 5 0 3 0 4 0 2 0 0 De ficto female Number I3 3 2 3 3 1 3 33 331 0 8 0 7 0 7 11 0 9 0 3 0 6 De jumefemale Numnber I3I II 34 1 2 3 2 30 07 07 08 I30 0 7 06 0 4 Education level of head No level Perment 25 7 28 3 4130 33 9 28 7 24 7 39 6 3 9 12 8 6 4 3 0 37 0 5 Pnmary, not completed Percent 38 2 61 3 53 6 6331 64 5 6431 63 9 33 8 60 5 48 3 29 9 24 9 83I Pnnmay cmpleted,nm oondmury Percent 631 4 7 38 3 6 3 3 5 9 7 5 3753 309 26 4 19 4 16 2 34 4 Secoondary not completed Percent 0 4 Secondarycompleted Percet 6 1 3 2 0 7 0 7 3 2 2 8 8 4 30 7 30 8 13 9 37 5 44 9 37 4 Tertray Percent I3I 0 2 0 3 0 2 0 7 8 6 0 8 3 1 753 3 9 23 8 Pre-school Percent Undefined Percent 2 4 3 9 2 6 2 4 23 3 7 3 2 6 7 3 3 3 2 3 8 78 34 8 M.Atnl Stat.u f head Monogmnoru male Percent 6831 67 9 6531 67 9 70 5 69 7 66 2 69 6 7831 79 9 75 0 65 2 3557 Polygnrousnmale Percentt 0 7 0 8 0 5 0 9 3 0 0 7 0 9 Single mue Percent 6 2 5 3 3 7 2 7 3 3 36 308 1338 431 44 9 4 23 4 23 9 De ficto, fmnle Percent 731 7 6 9 7 8 2 7 6 6 3 6 6 331 4 9 331 2 3 2 3 3 6 De rum female Pervert 37 9 Labor Mardar Praportion aged 15.64 mpopulnmro perecent 53 0 5231 46 4 48 8 53 6 54 9 58 7 61 5 53 8 5831 6131 65 5 70 9 Ptopoumnnemployed (aged 15 to64) Percent 43 3 43 0 36 5 40 6 43 9 44 3 48 0 45 8 38 3 4136 46 3 483 52 2 Fernalesnroong mployed (Aged IS5to 64) Percent 37 7 3931 43 8 42 4 43 7 37 3 33 2 28 0 23 9 23 2 2509 28 2 36 3 Employment Ratios iamo.e lbabr fonre) EmnploymentRauro Percent 9608 9731 973 9689 96 7 97 2 97 6 9530 96 8 9689 9431 93 2 9780 Furmnal Emnploymet umong Employed Pecment 23 2 16 5 307 304 333 3 17 7 237 7208 597 63 9 753 782 78 2 Purblic Employed umong Fonnal Employment Percent 39 4 37 7 37 4 25 5 32 3 38 0 48 0 42 3 35 3 38 3 37 2 48 3 45 3 lrnformal Employrnet mong Employed Percent 73 6 806 8453 87 6 8353 79 2 72 2 23 7 35 2 27 8 20 0 15 8 37 7 Self-Employed umong Informal Employed Percet 92 8 Empla5cn amongEmnployed Percent 13I 1 2 0 9 0 7 1 7 3 3 30 0 8 035 0 2 2 0 0 7 0 4 MPtoorreEmloed n Agnereumn Percnt 5358 63 4 6389 69 3 6931 6289 5631 2 2 6 6 3 2 35 3 9 0 0 MO EnrteExtremet Poverty and Hunger Mean monthly per capita excpnditnum Malasvkwaelta 433 307 7 93 0 334 6 23831 3303 637 0 1.456 4 297 9 509 9 759 4 1,23231 3,828 4 Meannmonthly share eouod Percent 70 9 74 3 77 9 77 3 76 9 75 2 67 0 42 5 55 8 53 9 46 2 39 7 25 9 Mean montblyubheon healLh Pecrcet 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 6 0 7 5 3 13 3 6 3 5 35 36 Mermon-thly share eneducatron Percent 8 5 0 3 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 3 0 6 3 7 0 5 0 7 33 3 4 4 3 MDG2: Edeurdmvmtid Utemey, MO3' Prmomte GeoderEquality Accens to ptnmary tchool (rcshin 30 mrnuten) Percent Net pribmary enrollment rate Toedl Percent 57 56 57 53 54 53 63 69 63 58 72 8o 731 Male Percenat 56 55 54 56 49 52 66 68 57 54 78 85 72 Percale Percent 59. 58 59 50 60 59 631 69 76 631 66 74 70 Net -.nod.ry enrollmet rote Total Percent 4 2 3 2 3 2 5 36 8 I3 3 4 3 7 30 Male Pecent 4 2 I 3 3 2 6 36 9 9 3 8 3 7 30 Percale Percent 4 2 0 2 2 2 4 3 5 7 3 3 30 3 7 30 Tet-tor enrolment rate per 3808001 Toedl per 30,000 4 Adalt literacy rate Total Percent 51 47 35 44 44 50 58 85 74 s0 93 93 86 Male Percet 62 58 47 55 35 63 68 89 83 88 96 90 86 Female Percent 43 37 26 33 35 40 48 82 65 73 90 92 87 Youth hter.ey rate Toedl Percent 63 59 30 57 57 63 66 88 79 84 96 94 87 Male Percent 69 66 58 62 64 68 73 90 85 88 98 93 87 Female Percent 58 54 42 53 53 58 63 87 75 83 95 95 87 Maluwm Integmated Household Survey 3997/3998 (Table continuer on the follorcrng page) Household Welfare 393 16-10. Malawi (continued) Eripenditote Quintile Rural/ Urbo U,lt of Narlo-rl Meosure total All 01 02 03 04 05 All Q1 02 03 04 05 Iehakeles MDO4 ROuic Child -rfiy Ml)5, ImmoMernal 1etb PmporanmmthdisrancetoHcalthCenterlcss tha5km Percent 52 48 46 45 46 48 52 90 78 85 92 96 96 Morbidity Percent 28 29 24 27 30 31 34 15 16 18 15 15 13 Action takcp whet, sclk Percant Health pmruide, oneenhip Public Percent Pnv-te - Modem Medicnre Percent Pnv-at - Traditional Healen Percent Other Percent Child survival and malnutntion Bilk assisted by thmed staff Percent l-yenr-olds untmuisaon covemge Percent 87 86 89 85 83 90 84 97 91 100 100 lo0 100 I-ycar-,Ids immunized against males Perent 89 89 91 89 87 91 85 99 96 100 100 100 100 Stuaning (6-59 months) Percent 56 56 58 56 57 58 51 57 54 47 67 68 55 Wansting(6-59mnmths) Percent II II 1 12 11 9 11 10 14 17 7 4 Und,rweright(6-59months) Pereent 25 26 33 22 27 23 25 17 27 10 1 3 5 MDG7: e E rtmt ta1 Sustaomtluty Owneroecupancymrte Percent 86 92 90 97 95 90 86 37 49 42 34 29 33 Access to sautation fahiities Percent Proportion with distan"c to Watcr Source less than 2 km Percent PnsporoonwithdistancedistancetoMaiketlessthan5km Percent 68 64 63 63 63 65 66 98 96 98 99 98 99 Ae-s to mnproved water sour"e Pip (swntop) Percent 6 1 0 0 I 1 3 43 13 22 44 49 72 Pipe bome Percent 21 19 20 21 18 18 20 39 52 51 45 35 19 Well (Peoteed) Percent 23 25 27 24 25 25 24 8 14 11 3 11 2 Total Percent 50 45 47 46 43 43 46 89 79 83 92 96 93 Access to umnmproved water asurce SurfaceWater Percent I1 12 12 12 11 13 12 5 9 9 4 1 5 Other Percat 39 43 41 42 46 44 42 5 12 8 3 3 3 Total Percnt 50 55 53 54 57 57 54 11 21 17 S 4 7 Traditonal Fuel Use Fiarood Percent 92 97 99 99 97 97 96 49 76 60 56 40 18 Charconal Percent 2 0 0 0 1 1 18 18 20 22 18 12 Toml Percent 94 98 99 99 97 97 96 67 94 88 78 59 29 Nantruditmnal Fuel U.e Kemsene Percent I 0 0 0 0 1 5 3 5 3 7 9 Electrcit} Percent 3 0 0 0 0 27 3 5 IS 35 61 G as Percent 0 0 1 1 Other Percent 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 0 1 0 0 Total Percent 6 2 1 1 3 3 4 33 6 12 22 41 71 Malwi IntegraLed Household Snovey 1997/1998 394 Household Welfare 16-11. Mozambique Un,it of Naff-ol Wxatm ~ ~~ ~ ~~~Me-,e tOtal All 0) 02 905 04 05 All 01 02 03 04 0S Saplsso(oae]odv) Nasber 8,250 5,811 0 987 0 948 0 1,059 0 1,215 0 1.602 0 2,439 0 337 0 383 0 463 0 519 0 737 0 TotlPopolatone 000, 15 867 12,634 4 2,526 6 2,518 5 2,535 6 2,526 6 2,527 2 3,232 8 646 0 646 9 646 6 647 3 645 9 Ag. depenenocy owo Nutobe, 0 9 0 9 1 2 11 1 0 09 0 6 0 9 3 I 0 9 01 0 6 RAreel = ahldsNoeebe 4 8 4 7 6 6 5 8 SI 4 3 3 2 5 5 6 2 61 7 524 MonoootosemaleI Naober 09 0 9 1 2 I1 1 0 0 9 0 6 0 9 1 2 II 001 081 07 polygnont omal. N-abe 10 1 0 2 11 oI 7 I 9 7 10 07 09 D. faotfo,al. Nwobe 10 0 13 13 I 09 0 6 12 1 7 1 7 4 1 3 0 5 Deja feta- WNu hedmber 10 10 4 I 2 09 0 7 16 13 10 09 0 NO leve Pervent 71 7 70 2 04!1 79 9 70 7 77 7 74 5 4108 65 0 5334 43 3 33 5 22 6 Praftay .otomepleted Pmecoot 18 2 150 11 7 14 4 1609 171 169 29 5 25 4 26 7 34 0 34 4 26 7 P-tmy comepleted,eo-oeoadsy Perceet 60 4 9 37 5 0 35 4 4 6 6 15 4 6 6 13 3 1 10 20 1 21 1 Scoundtay to completed Percent I7 Seooadutycoteplatod Percet 0 6 0 1 0 2 0 1 3 0 0 3 009 2 2 2 3 7 6 TertsY percentt 0 6 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 5 2 6 0 1 1 7 2 7 608 Unodefined pmereat 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 2 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 7 008 0 3 2 1 0 3 0 4 Markta St.ts of head Monogamoomale Perecat 65 0 64 8 6535 6709 67 0 66 2 60 3 66 3 63 4 7009 66 9 6553 65 4 Polygooto. male percent 8 0 9 0 14 6 9 6 to01 7 6 6 5 3 3 1 a 5 0 4 7 3 7 1 a S.&[. malo Peroa 5 5 4 9 2 0 2 0 3 6 4 2 9 2 8 1 2 5 5 5 5 9 10 0 14 0 Defectofettetle Percent~~~~~~Imml 6 3 635 50 0 6 509 6 1 689 5 3 6 9 3 6 4 7 5I 6 0 13e non f6male ~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~Pmerent 15 2 LsoriMbket P,opo,tmn aged 15.64 mpopwola n Perceat 51 5 51 4 45 7 47 0 49 3 32 8 62 1 51 9 43 9 46 6 53 0 54 9 61 4 Proposm oot ployed (aged IS5to 64) Percent 45 9 45 5 30 6 43.3 43 7 47 1 52 3 47 5 41 0 49 8 40 4 49 4 4703 Pemanlca -motg employed (aged IS to 64) Percent 34 7 34 0 34 2 36 1 33 0 3203 34 0 37 3 40 1 37 7 30 2 30 4 33 6 Employmeot Radios (aongo laltos fort) oEmployment Rateo Prcteat 8115 8o05 844 09 6 8994 077 90 4 62 9 56 5 64 2 64 5 63 9 63 9 Fosmol0Employment =on& Employed percent 17 8 9 6 10 4 9 9 9 0 9 6 9 2 48 5 3108 40 2 50 5 52 0 60 1 PobltoEmployed -a& o canml Employment Pe'met 62 1 36 9 56 2 3555 56 5 53 9 608a 66 0 63 1 60 3 60 6 60 3 75 2 Iofoeoal Employment tomoog Employed peteent 81 3 099 0 993 897 9007 894 9002 409 63 3 50 3 406 450 36 6 Seol-E.tployed ottog lofo=tl Employed Percent 990a Employt,a-mg oEmployed Pe'vet 0 4 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 0.3 0 4 I1 1 4 11 0 2 09 1 8 M beosno Employed m IeceltrePecnt Mm momnthldy pa-Pita npedoar Moamob=cat=eca 192.481 182,572 4 53,117 5 06.604 1 119.027 5 164,442 1 350,6730S 237.860 6 52,18001 93,179 4 132,225 9 203,190 9 592,973 1 Mew o.tholy sham onfood Percot 68 3 70 3 68 4 71 1 71 6 71 4 69 2 59 1 62 5 64 6 6105 60 4 50 6 Mcan monthly lahme ohealtht Peenet 0 3 0 2 0 3 0 2 0 2 0 2 0.2 0 5 0 7 0 6 035 0 4 0 3 Mew ontoehly shamoodo on PerceI' nt 0 5 0 4 0 7 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 1 0 1 7 1 0 1 0 0 7 0 6 M1302 FE&mono and Lftemcy~ M1G30 Ptottoo Gender REnahtp Acce;s to prmary shool (sonlo 30 tormtes) Pe'rcea Net onmar cstselltent rate Total percent 36 32 23 30 33 36 39 54 34 40 60 68 71 Male Permet 30 35 27 32 36 39 42 54 34 53 63 70 66 Ftemale Pereo 33 29 22 27 3 1 33 35 53 34 43 57 67 76 Net bcea.dary ettrllmeet rate Total Petet 10 5 3 3 6 7 7 26 II 15 23 34 44 Male Percent 10 6 4 3 7 a 9 26 14 19 22 37 40 Fmta.le Percnt 9 4 2 3 4 5 5 25 a I 1 24 3 1 47 Teretary eoraletet rate peer 10.080 Tota Per 10,000 7 Adult ltkerey sate Total Percent 41 33 20 33 35 33 35 72 52 62 73 79 06 Male Percent 50 SI 44 51 33 52 53 04 70 s0 84 08 94 Female Perceal 25 17 14 16 19 16 20 60 36 45 63 70 78 Youeth liftracy rate_ Total percent SI 42 35 42 47 39 45 82 71 75 03 86 90 Male Percent 64 56 42 56 61 57 63 98 79 87 09 91 93 Fematle Percer 40 29 20 28 34 25 32 76 61 65 78 82 Be I.qodnto N.-ata to Argmgdos Fatotltres Sabrea Condets de Vtda 1996 (Table cottmeta at the folloi4og page) Household Welfare 395 16-11. Mozambique (continued) Expenditur Qimuli Rural Urbon Uni of Notional Measure total All Ol 02 03 04 05 All PI 02 _33 04 05 lndrcntot MDGi4 Reidue Child Mortatity MDG5- Immove Matenusl Health Proportion wth distaice to Health Center less than 5 km Pernent Morbidit) Percent I1 12 9 10 I1 13 15 11 11 10 10 12 11 Acton taken vhen sick Percent 60 57 54 58 55 59 59 74 64 71 73 83 76 He luah provider ownerhip Public Percent 78 74 68 76 73 82 72 88 90 83 94 85 89 Pnvr,te.ModemnMcdicine Percent 6 5 3 6 6 4 6 9 10 13 4 13 7 Pnvaie.Tro Td nal Healers Percent 14 18 23 16 18 13 21 2 0 4 2 2 4 Other Percent 2 2 6 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Child surval and malnutrition Birth assisted by umned staff Percent I -year-olds immunisaion coverage Percent I-)ear-olds immouied against nuasles Percent 86 82 76 77 90 80 89 95 96 94 94 98 93 Stunung (6-59 months) Percent 55 61 61 62 62 59 58 34 49 36 30 27 24 Wasung (6-59 rionths) Percent 9 9 11 7 7 11 8 9 13 11 6 6 7 Underoeigbt(6-S9months) Percent 37 40 49 38 39 36 37 25 38 27 20 18 19 MDG07- En.atrcvitnvnmenWal Susontiblihty Orceroccupancy rate Percent 70 69 77 72 68 68 66 71 72 75 73 72 66 Access to sataion falites Percent 35 29 26 29 28 29 29 67 44 55 70 76 81 Proportion -thdistancetoWaterSourcelessthan22km Penrent 94 93 92 94 92 93 94 99 99 98 99 98 100 Proportion v.th distance distance to Market less than 5 km Percent Aess t improved water source Pipe (ovn tap) Penrent 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 0 2 5 9 25 Pipeborne Percent 16 11 9 8 10 10 14 41 41 38 43 44 40 Well (Protected) Percent Total Percent 18 I1 9 8 10 10 14 51 42 40 48 53 65 Aeceas to uniproved water sour.e SurfaceWater Perent 32 39 44 40 37 40 35 5 11 6 2 3 2 Other Percent 50 51 46 52 53 50 31 45 47 54 50 43 32 Total Percent 82 89 91 92 90 90 86 49 58 60 52 47 35 Traditional Fuel Uie Firewood Percent 90 99 99 99 99 98 98 50 70 66 51 41 31 Chacoal Percent 7 0 0 0 0 0 1 37 27 30 44 45 38 Total Percent 97 99 99 99 99 98 99 87 97 96 94 86 70 Nontraditional Fuel Use Kerosene Precnt Electicity Percent 2 0 0 0 8 0 1 3 8 23 Gas Percent I I 0 I 0 I 0 3 2 1 2 4 7 Other PeCrent 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 Tota Perent 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 13 3 4 6 14 30 Inqudnto Naotinal aos Agmgados FPmiliares Sobm as Condisoes de Vida 1996 396 Household Welfare 16-12. 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Poo.o 4 29 I5 24 24 42 47 52 30 43 65 66 66 Poool P--000 42 29 3 2 22 23 33 32 33 37 62 59 63 TorIoy .0 06 000100or3,9 Ad9O1 P.00107 300 T-3. P000, 93 90 76 92 79 77 93 96 70 93 9) 99 93 94.3o ~~~~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~~Pooo 92 99 97 09 99 97 92 94 90 92 92 93 97 F.0.3 P0.00 76 72 67 76 70 69 77 79 698 73 90 84 94 Tolo PoooO 94 92 90 92 93 93 93 96 91 914 99 99 96 M,.3. P-Io 93 93 95 91 90 94 96 96 94 96 97 99 99 P00301 P006. 93 9 1 96 92 92 99 93 93 90 92 99 99 93 E.34.93 N~o-okl -3... C.0.90.0 d V. d. M46o9 (Tb. 1.t00016- 33 pg90) Household Welfare 397 16-12. Sio Tome and Principe (continued) Erpe.nd,tss Qiunulc Rural Urbon Urii of N,onrral an-ur total All 01 02 03 O4 05 All °l 02 03 O4 05 ndhcator MDG4 Reduce Chidd Mortaiity, MDG5 Improve Matenta' Health Proporon with distance to Health Center less thn 5 km Pernt S4 S1 77 74 S1 82 S5 87 86 90 $5 89 87 Mortbdity Percent 18 15 12 14 14 17 20 19 12 19 19 22 24 Actontkenv en sick Percent 4$ 45 41 45 40 50 47 50 38 44 50 56 57 Health provider owvnerhip Public Penent 70 81 94 8$ 78 83 68 64 80 78 68 62 53 Pnvate -Modem Medicine Prcent 25 14 4 9 16 10 27 31 15 18 29 32 43 P-avute-TraditionalHealees Percent 3 2 3 3 4 4 5 1 3 6 2 Other Percent 1 2 2 6 3 1 1 3 2 Child survival and malnutntiin Birth assisted by tnoned staff Pecent I-ycar-olds muntrsaion coverage Percent I-yer.olds uaninuzed against reasles Percent Stunting (6-59 months) Percent Wnutng (6-59 months) Pencent Undermeieht (6-59 months) Percent MDG7, Ensure Eaviernnitnal Spstaidabillt Owner occupancy rate Percent 67 69 66 69 69 74 66 66 72 65 72 63 62 Access to sanitation, clities Perent 31 23 21 16 23 21 30 37 15 30 38 42 49 Pinportion with distance to Water Source less than 2 km Percent $8 93 93 94 93 95 92 84 82 80 87 86 85 Poporon with distance distance to Markt less tan 5km Percnrt 87 81 74 73 $0 $6 86 92 90 8$ 91 93 94 Aceces tn improved -ater souree Pipe(owntap) Pecent 20 10 7 9 7 13 12 27 12 20 26 29 40 Pipe bom Porent 8 13 19 15 Is Ii 10 4 4 3 5 5 4 Well (Prarected) Percent 49 44 48 46 42 46 41 53 65 56 49 56 43 Totai Perent 77 67 74 70 64 70 63 84 82 79 81 89 $8 Acess to un.pruved .ater souree Surfe&eWater Percent 20 29 24 26 33 24 34 13 18 17 14 9 10 Other Percent 3 4 2 4 3 6 3 3 0 4 5 2 1 Total Percent 23 33 26 30 36 30 37 16 18 21 19 11 12 Traditional Fuel Use Firewood Percent 73 91 9$ 96 97 90 $2 59 88 74 63 50 36 Charcoal Penent I1 4 1 2 2 4 6 16 8 9 1$ 22 20 Total Pecent $4 95 100 98 99 94 8$ 75 96 $3 81 72 57 Nontraditonal Fuel Use Kemn- Percent 15 5 0 I I 5 11 23 4 16 18 26 40 Electricity Percent 0 0 0 0 1 1 Gas Pcent I 0 1 1 1 1 2 Other Pcent 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 Toeld Percent 16 5 0 2 1 6 12 25 4 17 19 2$ 43 Enquctc Nationale sur Ins Conditions de Vic des MbnageS 0 ono- nn -l -" "- - -> -¢ - 8~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- - - - - - - - - - o-f fi*t - G zz G gg8 ;! c o N *f - o N t o n no i wO . n uO n v0-g3R°°8glR8g5X~ * 0 NO > 0 0 0%n O 0 > a - ^o co n N noc on0r.n ,o sN " ^ " gbo "- ss-o If 00Y 00 % 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - n- NQ o- Ce w7 0n__ >~ -n O n-n oo° 0000So aO,- 0S ^ . 0% no n Cn ~~~~ g 3 ne - n O N j - E n n o n 3 ~ n 0 0 0 n o n ii !j -8f 0-00 : O O o ON 0 0 04 0 t n n n 0 O O nnn.. 0-n- non n-n- 00-N non -00 o N n ' ~ ~ 0 n n- N n nn.. 'En40 00 el; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -0- anO ON .1n ,N-; o n n o O n N O n n n o N N . O O n n --- n n n one O N n o n n oto n~~ 00 N x 0 N 0 0 0 onn no-On cnn nnNn 00-n-N O O NnCnOn-Nn 90- ONt~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~z Household Welfare 399 16-13. Uganda (continued) EM.ndnt. Quintile Rurml Urban UnIlt of National Ac*a3ra rotal All 01 02 03 04 05 Aa 01 02 03 04 05 -DG4. P cduce Child Mortaslitys MDSian 0 Mmatea[ fhWib Pmportion with distance to Hcalth Ccter less than 5 km Percent Morbidity Percent 28 28 26 27 29 28 30 26 26 26 25 25 26 Acron takcn whensick Percent 92 92 83 93 92 94 95 96 92 95 98 98 98 Headth provider owoneenhin Public Percet 14 15 13 14 14 16 15 14 I8 15 15 14 S Pnvatc-Mode.mMedicine Percent 17 17 14 16 18 16 20 16 17 9 17 24 13 Pnvte -Traditional Healen Percent I I I I I I I I I I 0 1 1 Other Percent 68 67 72 69 67 67 63 69 64 75 68 61 79 Child aurvvl and malnutnitnn Buth assisted by tamed staff Percent I-year-olds immumisation covemgc Percent 58 57 47 55 52 68 67 70 73 56 69 70 84 l-year-olds immunized against meanles Percet 66 66 57 62 62 75 76 73 77 58 72 71 84 Stunting (6-59 months) Percent 33 36 38 39 37 33 33 23 34 19 24 8 19 Wasting (6-59 months) Percent 5 6 7 6 6 5 5 3 6 1 4 1 Undeiwelee(6-59 months) Percent 21 22 28 22 22 19 19 9 16 9 10 3 0 MDti7. Ensace Batennietal Suriaianobiitty Ownuroccupancy rate Percent 82 91 96 94 93 91 83 35 50 38 34 28 30 Accesstosanrtatienfaciities Pececnt 86 84 59 82 88 91 92 99 94 99 100 100 100 Proporton with distnce to Water Source less than 2 km Percent 94 93 93 93 93 94 93 98 97 98 99 98 98 Pioportion vi th distance distance to Market less than 5 km Percent Acecs to mp.raved water souree Pipe(owntap) Percent 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 7 1 2 3 6 17 Pipe bome Pcent 10 3 1 2 2 3 4 49 27 44 49 58 58 Well (Pmtctae) Pcrcent 45 48 48 48 46 50 48 31 53 40 35 22 16 Total Percent 57 51 49 51 49 54 53 87 81 86 87 87 91 Aeo.. ton .ninrpved water sone. Surfhee Water Percent 7 8 9 7 8 7 8 1 2 2 1 1 0 Other Percent 36 40 42 41 42 38 38 11 15 11 13 12 7 Total Percent 43 49 51 49 51 46 47 13 19 14 13 13 9 Traditonal Fuel Ure FPrcwood Percent 83 95 99 98 97 96 88 20 50 25 19 12 4 CharCOal Percent 14 4 1 1 2 3 to 70 47 72 77 78 72 Total Percent 98 99 100 99 99 99 98 90 97 97 96 90 75 Nontraditionsl Fual Urc Kerosene Percent I 0 0 0 0 1 5 1 1 2 3 14 Electricity Prcent I 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 1 1 3 7 Gas Percent 0 0 0 1 3 Other Percent I 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 Total Percent 2 1 0 1 1 1 2 10 3 3 4 10 25 Ugaeda National Household Survey 1999/2000 400 Household Welfare 16-14. Zambia Expenditure Quitnile R-ro Urb,a, Unit of Naiior,ol A*-,, total All 0 02 03 04 05 All 01 02 03 04 05 bidcaroxo po"ga6to rrliatOin Sampl stze (housholds) Nuaber 16,422 8,317 0 1,414 0 1,4610 1,561 0 1,655 0 2,226 0 8,103 0 1,298 0 1,384 0 ISISO 3 ,752 0 2,153 0 Tota Popultion ODlOs 9,989 6,276 5 1,239 5 1,252 3 1,265 2 1,259 9 1,259 6 3,712 0 712 0 742 8 752 0 751 8 753 4 Age dependency mtio Number 0 9 0 9 1 0 3 0 0 9 0 9 089 08 a I0 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 5 Avernge houselhold &,ze Nwnbe 5 4 5 3 60D 5 7 5 5 5 2 4 3 5 5 6 9 6 3 6 0 5 2 4 2 Htead Of Houteltol Chmumaetnexc Age Depoodeny by htouehold-lithctore Morogumoumale Nurrber 0 9 0 9 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 9 08 0 8 3 0 30 0 9 07 0 6 Polygarnow, male Number0 Satgle male Number 0 5 0 6 0 9 3 0 0 7 053 0 4 0 4 0 7 0 6 0 5 03 0 Dethcwto femalc Numnber I0 I1 1 3 3 0 0 9 1 2 3 0 0 8 1 3 3 6 0 6 053 0 5 De jurfetmale Numbet 00 0 9 1 0 0 9 1 0 0 8 0 7 0 7 3 0 0 8 0 8 0 6 0 4 Eduatron leve of head No level Pereett Ptsmay, notcornpleted Percent 30 2 4137 50 6 4931 42 6 35 4 35 9 1332 28 3 14 9 13 0 9 6 6 9 Pnimay completed,nooseeondary Perceem 23 1 27 6 29 6 30 4 29 0 26 9 24 1 36 5 24 5 23 3 17 2 15 3 8 2 Secondary not completed Percen 26 1 Secondary oenplere PecentM 12 7 5 9 3 7 2 0 4 0 8 0 9 3 22 8 9 8 3589 22 7 27 8 30 4 Tomumy Percent 7 9 2 8 0 4 0 9 3 9 335 54 35 5 4 8 7 7 9 4 14 7 30 9 Po-tehool Percent 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 1 0 0 031 031 Undefined Percent 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mantal Status of head Morrgumousmuile Percnt 70 1 70 1 6631 69 0 75 2 72 8 67 4 7031 68 4 74 3 76 0 72 3 62 3 Polygamous mule Percent Single male Percent 7 4 6 2 3 4 4 8 3 9 7 0 10 6 9 6 631 63 65 8 6 17 1 De fctofemal1e Percent 3 4 4 2 4 4 S1 4 0 3 3 431 23 2 4 2 0 1 6 3 136 D orm female Percent 39 0 Labor Morict Proporton aged 15.64 at population Percent 53 8 52 3 49 4 509 533 53 4 567 562 50 4 5231 54 3 59 3 64 5 Pmpomoonemployrd (agrd 5 to 64) Percent 60 3 72 0 70 0 72 9 73 0 7139 72 1 42 0 35 4 39 4 4031 4289 49 8 Females mong etployed (aged 15 to 64) Percnt 47 0 509 5468 530 51 0 49 6 48 6 36 6 42 0 36 0 34 5 35 1 36 7 Employment Ratios (among labor force) EmploymentRatio Percent 87 9 94 4 92 5 93 9 96 4 93 9 95 0 74 3 61 9 72 9 7431 75 6 82 9 Foena iEnployment mong Employed Percent 18 5 5 7 2 3 2 4 4 8 7 6 10 6 53 2 3531 47 3 54 5 55 6 63 5 Public Enployed mong Fonnal Employment Percent 53 2 49 7 19 5 46 3 46 6 49 9 5780 53 6 40 7 45 9 54 3 53 8 54 3 InfbntalEmnployment mong Employed Percent 80 6 93 8 97 3 97 1 94 7 92 1 88 8 44 6 63 9 49 3 43 0 42 9 33 9 Self-Employed umong Informal Employed Percent 6753 EmploycerstrongEmnployed Percenrt 0 4 02 0 3 0 3 0 2 0 2 0 2 1 0 0 4 IS 1 0 0 7 1 1 Pmportion Emoloverim Agnenturc Percnt 67 0 87 8 92 9 93 5 879 85 2 82 5 30 7 26 8 32 0 9 1 7 0 5 2 MDGI., Erodicart Extorrac Povert and Hlungter Mewnmonthily per capita expendimir Zumbiaakwachau 46.798 32,947 7 5,267 6 11,112 8 17,218 4 27,740 1 85,707 9 73,5315 313.061 2 25.361 3 37,361 5 56,295 0 174,264 2 Meaamonthly shareonmfood Percent 67 5 73 7 75 7 77 2 74 8 nl3 6989 56 5 66 9 63 2 59 0 55 7 44 8 Mentmonlthly sharetolhealth Pericnt 3 4 1 3 33 31 1 4 3 3 IS 3 7 3 5 35 16 15 2 0 Mean monthlytlshreon education Percent 2 4 1 8 3 0 2 1 36 3 4 131 3 6 4 2 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 MDG2: Educatio n md Litcracy, M1G3-3 Prmot GenderEqtualtY Accessa to pnmwiy schol (-tomlt 30 minutes) Percent Net perninry enrollment rate Total Perceot 66 59 46 55 60 67 70 77 65 75 78 84 86 Male Percent 65 59 49 56 59 66 70 77 64 77 77 82 87 Feralne Pecent 66 59 44 55 60 68 69 77 65 73 79 84 86 Net secondary enrollmcent rate Total Percent 23 1 4 8 10 14 38 231 38 2 1 3 1 36 45 55 Male Pececnt 25 16 10 I I 1 6 20 24 40 2 1 33 38 52 58 Female Percent 22 12 5 8 1 2 3 7 18a 36 2 1 28 34 40 533 Teri,ary enrolmet rate per 10,000 Total per 30,000 34 Adult literacy rate Total Percent Male Pecment Fema.le Percent Youth literary rate Total Percent Male Percent Female Percent Zambia Livin Coadittioox Moxitonng Survey II, 1998 (Table continues on next page) Household Welfare 401 H.o.ehold Wclfore 401 16-14. Zambia (continued) Enpendiauce Quntle Rural Urban Unilaf National Misoire lorta All Ql 02 03 Q4 0Q All 01 Q2 03 04 p5 Proportion wih distaice to Health Cener less th 5 k Percent 67 50 47 49 51 50 52 97 96 97 97 98 98 Morbidity Percent I1 12 9 12 12 14 15 10 10 9 8 10 II Acuon taen hea sick Pervert 37 33 30 31 31 34 38 46 38 43 43 45 56 Health provider ownership Public Perceit PNvate. Modem Medicine Percent P-vate - Tenidlino.aI Healer Percent Other Percent Child s-eviv-I and nseststiti.n Binh assisted by stamed staff Perceni l-year-olds tiunisatuon coventge Percent 59 56 46 54 56 57 67 64 64 68 58 61 70 I-year-olds immunized againstrosles Percent 89 87 79 88 88 90 92 94 95 92 93 92 95 Stitnng (6-59 months) Percent 62 66 70 65 65 62 65 57 64 64 55 54 45 Wastng (6-59 months) Percent 6 6 8 5 6 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 5 Underqth!at 56-59 months) Percent 27 30 37 30 32 26 24 23 31 27 20 20 14 Mi >t37. gasare 9tlvOn obssttal Susiastahdtty Owner occupancy rate Percent 74 90 95 95 92 88 84 45 63 50 45 40 33 Access to sonitation facilties Percent 81 71 61 68 72 73 77 99 98 99 100 99 100 Pepomon with distance to Water Source less tha 2 km Percent 98 98 98 97 98 98 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 Prnpomo, with distance distance to Mnrket less than 5 ko Percent 60 38 35 36 34 40 43 99 97 99 99 99 99 Access no Imprn.ed .ater o.aree Pipe (on tap) Percent 16 1 0 0 1 1 4 41 27 35 39 42 55 Pipe bome Percent 17 4 3 3 3 4 5 40 41 42 43 43 32 Well (Poteetied) Percent 23 32 29 31 34 31 33 0 1 9 8 7 6 Total Percent 56 37 33 35 38 36 42 89 79 87 91 91 93 Access to unImproved v a.er sn.rce SuorfceWntet Percent 43 62 66 65 61 63 56 10 21 12 9 8 5 Other Perc.et I I I I I 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 Total Percent 44 63 67 65 62 64 58 11 21 13 9 9 7 Traditional Far Use FPrewood Percent 62 90 95 93 91 89 84 12 29 11 9 6 8 Charcoal Pencent 23 9 5 7 9 9 13 48 57 63 56 47 29 Total Percent 85 99 100 100 99 99 97 60 85 74 65 54 37 Nnntrtdlddoal Fart Use Kiemsene Percent 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Electanciy Percent 15 1 0 0 0 1 3 40 14 26 35 46 63 Gas Pencent 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other Percent 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total Percent 15 1 0 0 1 1 3 40 15 26 35 46 63 Zambia L-vng Conditons Monitomng Survey 11, 1998 402 Household Welfare Technical notes Burkina Faso Cameroon Data source. Burkina Faso's Institut National de la Data source. Cameroon's Bureau Central des Statistique et de la Demographie carried out the Recensements et des Enquetes of the Direction de la Enquete Priontaire II sur les Conditions de Vie des Statistique et de la Comptabilite carried out the Enquete Menages au Burkina. Data were collected between Nationale aupres des Menages. May 1998 and August 1998. The project was funded Household. Defined by the survey to be those people by the Government of Burkina Faso, the World Bank, who live under the same roof, take their meals to- the African Development Bank (ADB), and the United gether or in little groups, put some or all of their in- Nations through the UJNDP. comes together for the group's spending purposes, Household. Defined as the basic socio-economic at the head of household's discretion. unit in which the different members, related or, live Literacy. Household members aged five and up who in the same house or property, put together their re- could both read and write were considered literate. sources and jointly meet their basic needs, including The survey had no information on the following food, under the authority of one person who is rec- topics: access to primary services. ognized as the head. Literacy. Household members aged five and up who Cote d'Ivoire could both read and write a simple sentence in any Data source. The Institut National de la Statistique language were considered literate. carried out the Enquete Niveau de Vie, a priority sur- The survey had no information on the following vey, in 1998. topics: birth assistance and immunization. Household This was defined as a person or a group of people who live under the same roof, share the Burundi same meals, and recognize one person as the head. Data source. The Institut de Statistiques et d'Etudes Literacy. Household members aged five and up who economiques of Burundi, in conjunction with the could both read and write a simple sentence in any UNDP, carried out the Enquete Prioritaire-Etude language were considered literate. nationale sur les conditions de vie des populations. The survey had no information on the following Household. Defined as those people who habitually topics: access to primary services, child survival and live and eat their meals in the same compound. One malnutrition, employment categories and job types, member is recognized as the head. and health provider ownership. Literacy. Household members aged five and up who could both read and write were considered literate. Ethiopia The survey had no information on the following Data source. The 1999/2000 Household Income, Con- topics: birth assistance, health provider ownership, sumption, and Expenditure Survey (HICES) was car- and immunizations. Household Welfare 403 ried out by the Central Statistical Officc. The data Kenya collection process was spread over six months, from Data source. The Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics June 1999 to February 2000. carned out data collection for the 1997 Welfare Moni- Household. This was defined as a person or a group tonng Survey III, a priority survey, in March and of people who live under the same roof, share the same April 1997. meals, and recognize one person as the head. Sample Due to logistical and financial constraints, Literacy. Persons were considered as literate if they the survey did not adequately cover the North East- could read and write a sentence in the national language. em and parts of the Eastern Provinces. The survey had no information on the following Household This was defined as the set of people topics: access to primary school, and birth assisted who normally ate and lived together for six out of the by trained staff.. twelve months prior to the survey. Literacy Literacy was defined as the ability to read The Gambia and write. Data source. The Central Department of Statistics of the Ministry of Economic Planning and Industrial Madagascar Development of the Gambia carried out the 1998 Data source. The Institut National de ta Statistique National Household Poverty Survey, an integrated carried out the Enquate Prioritaire aupres des menages survey. Data was collected between April 1998 and in 1999. The project was funded by the Government May 1998. of Madagascar and the World Bank (IDA). Household. This was defined as the set of people Household. Defined as the set of people who have who normally ate and lived together for six out of the or do not have family links between them, who live twelve months prior to the survey. and sleep in the same housing, and take their meals Literacy. Such information is not reliably available together regularly. The housing may be an individual for this survey; less than one in 1,100 who could house, an apartment, or one or more rooms in a larger have answered this question did so. building. The household is headed by one individual The survey had no information on the following whose authority is recognized by all in the household. topics: access to primary services, birth assisted by Literacy Household members aged 5 and up who trained staff, cooking fuel, and immunization. had completed at least four years of primary school or could read and write were considered to be literate. Ghana The survey had no information on the following Data source. The Ghana Statistical Service carried topics: access to primary services, birth assisted by out the Ghana Living Standards Survey IV, an inte- trained staff, immunization against measles, and owner grated survey. Data collection was done between April occupancy rates. 1988 and March 1989. Household. In this survey, a household was de- Malawi fined as a group of people who have usually slept in Data source. The Malawi National Statistics Office the same dwelling and taken their meals together for carried out the Integrated Household Survey from at least nine of the twelve months preceding the in- November 1997 to October 1998. terview. Household. Defined by the survey as either a per- Literacy. Household members aged 5 and up who son living alone or a group of people , either related could both read and write a simple sentence in En- or unrelated, who lived together as a single unit in the glish or any local language were considered literate. sense that they have common housekeeping arrange- The survey had no information on the following ments (that is, shared or were supported by a com- topics: access to health center and primary school, mon budget). Someone who did not live with the and child survival and malnutrition. household dunng the survey penod was not counted as a current member of the household. 404 Household Welfare Literacy Defined as the ability to read and write a Literacy. Defined as the ability to read and write a simple sentence for those who had not attended school simple sentence. in the past two months, and defined based upon edu- The survey had no information on the following top- cational attainment for those who had attended school ics: child survival and malnutrition, and self-employment. in the past two months. The survey had no information on the following Uganda topics: access to primary school, access to a water Data source. The Uganda Bureau of Statistics carried source, access to sanitation facilities, birth assisted out the National Household Survey. Data collection by trained staff, and health provider ownership. occurred between August 1999 and July 2000. The project was funded by the Government of Uganda Mozambique and the World Bank. Statistics Denmark and the World Data source The Instituto Nacional de Estatistiqua Bank provided consultants for technical support. carried out the Inquerito Nacional aos Agregados Sample. The survey did not collect data in the Familiares sobre as Condicoes de Vida, an integrated Kitgum, Gulu, Kasese, and Bundibugio districts. survey. Household. Defined by the survey as those indi- Household. This was defined as the set of people viduals who normally eat and live together. who partly or totally shared their expenditures, had Literacy. If individuals had answered questions about not been absent for more than six months out of the the ability to read and write, they were considered to be previous year, and were not domestic help. In the literate if they could do both. Otherwise, the level of case of polygamous households, each wife and her education was used to make this determination. children were considered to be a separate household. The survey had no information on the following top- Literacy Literacy was defined as the ability to read ics: access to primary school, access to a health center, and write in Portuguese. access to market, and birth assisted by trained staff. The survey had no information on the following Zambia topics: access to a health center, access to market, Data source. The Zambian Central Statistical Office access to primary school, birth assisted by trained carried out the Living Conditions Monitoring Survey staff, immunization coverage, and expenditure on II. Data collection was done between November 1998 health or education. and December 1998. Household. A household was defined as a group of Sao Tome and Principe persons who normally cooked, ate, and lived together. Data source. The Instituto Nacional de Estatistica of These people may or may not have been related by the Ministerio de Planomento, Financas e Cooperacao blood, but make common provision for food or other carried out the Enquete sur les Conditions de Vie des essentials for living, and they have one person whom Menages in 2000. The project was financed by the they all regarded as the head of the household. Govemment of SAo Tome and Principe with assis- Literacy. No information on literacy is available in tance from the African Development Bank and the the survey. United Nations Development Program. Technical as- The survey had no information on the following sistance was provided by the International Labor Or- topics: access to primary school, health provider ganization. ownership, and birth assisted by trained staff. Household. Defined by the survey as the set of people, related or not, who live together under the same roof, put their resources together, and address as a unit their primary needs, under the authority of one person whom they recognize as the head of the household. Household Welfare 405 UNESCO class cohorts for the net enrollment statistics in Chapter 16 Primary school Secondary school Country Entrance age Duration Entrance age Duration Benin 6 6 12 7 Burkina Faso 7 6 13 7 Burundi 7 6 13 7 Cameroon 6 6 12 7 C6te d'Ivoire 6 6 12 7 Ethiopia 7 4 11 8 Gambia 6 6 12 6 Ghana 6 6 12 6 Kenya 6 7 13 5 Madagascar 6 5 11 7 Malawi 6 4 10 8 Mozambique 6 5 11 7 Sao Tome and Principe 7 6 13 6 Uganda 6 7 13 6 United Republic of Tanzania 7 7 14 6 Zambia 7 7 14 5 Source "Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Report," UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2001. 406 Household Welfare Sample size and expenditure details for surveys covered in Chapter 16 Number of Households * Expenditure details Country Survey year Rural Urban Items Visits Deflated Aggregation 44 Burkina Faso 1998 5,885 2,593 65 1 no WB Burundi 1998 3,908 2,760 41 1 no NSO Cameroon 1996 628 1,103 74 7 yes NSO C6te d'Ivoire 1998 2,280 1,920 73 1 yes WB Ethiopia 1999/2000 8,459 8,213 852 16 no WB Gambia, The 1998 933 1,025 165 2 no NSO Ghana 1998 3,799 2,199 127 6 yes NSO Kenya 1997 18,134 3,597 168 1 yes WB** Madagascar 1999 4,920 5,280 111 1 yes WB Malawi 1997 5,657 929 131 1 yes NSO Mozambique 1996 6,087 2,163 125 2 yes WB Sao Tome and Principe 2000 1,173 1,243 161 1 no WB4' Uganda 1999 8,344 2,352 131 1 no WB Zambia 1998 13,551 14,619 155 1 No NSO Notes. (*) These are the sample sizes for the Standardized Files, the original sample size may be different. (**) The symbol "WB" means that the data was aggregated at the World Bank; the symbol "NSO" means that the aggregation was done by the country's national statistical office. Rent was imputed for Kenya and Sao Tome and Pnncipe. Bibliography Association for the Development of African Educa- Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 1987. tion. 1995. A Statistical Profile of Education in Agrostat Code Book. Rome. Sub-Saharan Africa, 1990-93. Paris. . annual. Fertilizer Yearbook. Rome. Candoy-Sekse, Rebecca. 1988. Techniques of Privatization of State-Owned Enterprises. Volume III . annual. Food andAgriculture Organization Pro- Inventory of Country Experience and Reference Ma- duction Yearbook. Rome. terials. World Bank Technical Paper 90. Washing- ton, D.C. . annual. Food Aid in Figures. Rome. Central African Republic, Division of Statistics and . annual. Trade Yearbook. Rome. 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