WPS4390


Policy ReseaRch WoRking PaPeR                  4390




      Product Standards, Harmonization, and
                             Trade:

                Evidence from the Extensive Margin

                             Ben Shepherd




The World Bank
Development Research Group
Trade Team
November 2007

Policy ReseaRch WoRking PaPeR 4390


 Abstract

 The author uses a new database of EU product standards                                proves highly robust to sample changes and instrumental
 in the textiles, clothing, and footwear sectors to present                            variables estimation using instruments motivated by
 the first empirical evidence that international standards                             political economy considerations. Moreover, it is found
 harmonization is associated with increased partner                                    to be around 50 percent higher for low income countries,
 country export variety. A 10 percentage point increase in                             which suggests that they may be particularly constrained
 the proportion of internationally harmonized standards is                             in adapting products to meet multiple standards.
 associated with a 0.2 percent increase in partner country                             Numerical simulations show that these findings are
 export variety, whereas a 10 percent increase in the                                  consistent with a heterogeneous firms model of trade in
 total number of standards is associated with a nearly 6                               which harmonization is beneficial at the extensive margin
 percent decrease in product variety. Although small, the                              provided that any increases in compliance costs are not
 harmonization elasticity is statistically significant, and                            too large.




 This paper--a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger project on trade costs, trade
 facilitation, and economic development, supported through a Trust Fund of the U.K. Department for International
 Development (http://econ.worldbank.org/projects/trade_costs). Policy Research Working Papers are also posted on the
 Web at http://econ.worldbank.org. The author may be contacted at bshepherd@worldbank.org.




          The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development
          issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the
          names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those
          of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and
          its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.


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