.. - 74243 CID ca c.a E....., == ::::1 - · - a:l = .. ·-- a:l . . . -== ...... a:l CD .::::::::I Millennium- Development Goals Goals and targets adopted by the United Nations, 2001 Goal 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and Goal 5 Improve maternal health Goal 8 Develop a global partnership • Deal comprehensively with the hunger • Reduce by three-quarters, for development debt problems of developing between 1990 and 2015, • Develop further an open, countries through national and • Halve, between 1990 and the maternal mortality ratio rule-based, predictable, international measures 'in order 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1 nondiscriminatory trading to make debt sustainable in the Goal 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and financial system long term a day • Halve, between 1990 and and other diseases (i ncludes a commitment to • In cooperation with developing good governance, countries, develop and 2015, the proportion of people • Have halted by 2015 and development, and poverty implement strategies for decent who suffer from hunger begun to reverse the spread reduction - both and productive work for youth of HIV/AIDS • In cooperation with Goal 2 Achieve universal primary • Have halted by 2015 and nationally and internationally) education • Address the special needs of pharmaceutical companies, begun to reverse the incidence provide access to affordable • Ensure that, by 2015, children of malaria and other major the least developed countries (i ncludes tariff- anCJ quota-free essential drugs in developing everywhere, boys and girls diseases countries alike, will be able to comp lete access for exports, enhanced program of debt relief for and • In cooperation with the private a full course of primary Goal 7 Ensure environmental sector, make available the schooling sustainability cancellation of official bilateral debt, and more generous ODA benefits of new technorogies, • Integrate the principles of for countries committed to especially information and Goal 3 Promote gender equality and sustainable development into communications technologies empower women poverty reduction) country policies and programs • Address the special needs of • Eliminate gender disparity in and reverse the loss of landlocked countries and small primary and secondary environmental resources island developing states education, preferably by 2005, • Halve by 2015 the proportion (through the Program of Action and in all levels of education of people without sustainable for the Sustainable no later than 2015 access to safe drinking water Development of Small Island and basic sanitation Developing States and 22nd Goal 4 Reduce child mortality • Have achieved by 2020 a General Assembly provisions) • Reduce by two-thirds, between significant improvement in the 1990 and 2015, the under-five lives of at least 100 million mortality rate slum dwellers Other Titles in the~ Series . . . . II IEIILIPIEIT lllllll miniAtlas of Global Development An at-a-glance guide to the most pressing development issues facing the world today. of Millennium · Development Goals Highlights key social, economic, and environmental data for 208 of the world's economies. ISBN: 0-8213-5596-1 BUilDING A BETTER WORlD l Green miniAtlas A snapshot, presented in maps and charts, of the world's most urgent environmental challenges: increasing pollution, the rising demand for energy and food, declining biodiversity, and the pressure on water resources. ISBN: 0-8213-5870-7 Available at better bookstores II THE WORLD BANK To order go to www.worldbank.org/publications Washington, D.C. or email: books®worldbank.org Contents Copyright © 2005 Preface . 5 6 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development I The World by Region and Income Group ---- The World Bank Goall Eradicating Poverty and Hunger Poverty - - 8 10 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 Telephone 202-473-1000 Goal2 Malnutrition Achieving Universal Primary Education ' - 12 14 Internet www.worldbank.org School Attendance 16 E-mail feedback®worldbank.org Education Expenditure 18 All rights reserved. Goal3 Promoting Gender Equaljty 20 Equality in Education 22 ISBN: 0-8213-6175-9 978-0-8213-6175-7 Equality in Employment 24 e- ISBN: 0-8213-6176-7 Goal4 Reducing Child Mortality 26 Published for the World Bank by 28 Chi ld Mortality Myriad Editions Limited 30 Immunization 6-7 Old Steine, Brighton BN1 3EJ, UK www.MyriadEditions.com GoalS Improving Maternal Health 32 Maternal Mortality 34 Printed and bound in Hong Kong Goal6 Combating Disease 36 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein HIV/A IDS 38 are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views Tuberculosis 40 of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the - Goal7 Ensuring governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee - 44 the accuracy of the data included in this work. Water and Sanitation Carbon Dioxide 46 The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information -- shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on GoalS Deve -~ the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any Internationa l Aid so territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Foreign Debt 52 Library of Congress cataloging-in-publication data has been Data Table 54 app lied for. Index 64 Preface The Millennium Development Goals are a challenge the global community has set for itself. They are a challenge to poor countries to demonstrate good governance and a commitment to poverty reduction. And they are a challenge to wealthy countries to make good on their promise to support economic and social development. The Millennium Development Goals have captured the world's attention, in part because they can be measured, as this little book demonstrates. More important, the goals address our most human concerns for the welfare of everyone with whom we share this planet. We are now one third of the way to the target date of 2015, and there are 100 million fewer people living in extreme poverty than in 1990. By 2015, 500 million more will have achieved at least a minimally acceptable standard \)f living- the greatest decrease in poverty since the beginning of the industrial revolution. But progress has been uneven, and many of the poorest countries, especially in Africa, lag behind. Extreme poverty means having less than $1 to meet your daily needs. But poverty is not measured in money alone. Poor people lack education, they lack health care, and they often live on wasted lands or in city slums. Solving these problems will require a substantial investment in people as well as in physical assets. Wealthy countries ca n help, not only through their aid programs- which are important- but also by opening their markets and by sharing knowledge. Most important of all, developing countries must unleash the potential of their citizens, empowering them to create a place for themselves and their chi ldren in the world. Fran<;ois Bourguignon Senior Vice President and Chief Economist The World Bank Group 5 THE WORLD BY REGION ion Low- and middle-income economies East Asia and Pacific Hi gh-income economies T he World Bank's main criterion for classifying economies is gross national income (CNI) per capita. Every economy is classified as low income, middle income, or high income. Low- Eastern Europe and OECD ~~=nd Central Asia Fo~r~ls. income economies are those with a CNI per capita of $765 or (Den} • Latin America and other less in 2003. Middle-income economies are those with a CNI Caribbean no data I per capita of more than $765 but less than $9,386. High-income • Middle East and ,Unil~d economies are those with a CNI per capita of $9,386 or more. North Africa IW,)gdom Low- and middle-income economies are sometjmes refeJ red to • South Asia l"la~} ...,,\ as developing economies. {l)I!J • Sub-Saharan Africa -J"-"""'1o Bel().iU Chonn~lls.(UK) y C ,_ - - - - - - -- a n • d a 8 :..r 0 Unit e d State s B~rmudo (UK) • Au s t r a I i a Geographic regions used in this atlas ~ /' include only low- and middle-income economies New Zealand 1.\ 6 ,, 7 Goall Eradicating Poverty and Hunger T he Millennium Development Goals call for a reduction in the proportion of people living on less than $1 a day to half the 1990 level by 2015. There has been remarkable progress. Since 1990 extreme poverty in developing countries has fallen from 28 percent to 21 percent in 2001. If current p rojections of econo mic growth are met, globa l poverty wi ll fall to 10 percent by 2015. And wh il e poverty would not be eradicated, that wou'ld bring us much closer to the day whe n we ca n say th at all the wor ld 's peop l e have at l east the bare minimum to meet their daily needs . The Goals a l so ca ll fo r a halving of the propo rtion of peop le who suffer from hunger between 1990 and 2015. Hunger and ma lnu tr ition ofte n go with poverty, but even where poverty rates are fa llin g, hundreds of millions of peop le do not obta in enough food to meet their daily needs, and millions more children are malnourished. Poverty and hunger will remain w hereve r poor hea lth and lack Child malnutrition of ed ucat io n deprive people of productive This is not only the emp loy ment; environm ental reso urces have result of poor diet, but of disease, been dep leted o r spo il ed; and co rruption, lack of care, conf l ict, and mi sgove rn ance waste public and poverty. resources and discourage private investment. 9 EXTREME POVERTY %of peopl e li vi ng on less th a n $1 a day PPP$ 1995-2003 • over 50% t T he percentage of people living in extreme poverty has fallen fastest in Asia, notably in China and India. In the rest of the developing world, poverty rates have increased Ol fallen only • 26%-50% 10% a nd unde r slightly. • 11 %-25% no data \1 ~r Russi an China Percentage of people ~ living on less than $1 a day 1990: 33 % 2001 : 17 % Worldwide 1.1 bill ion people were living on less than $1 a day in 2001 \ ·~: ~ .. ··:. Sub-Saharan Africa 313 million people were living in poverty in 2001 ~ 1990 CJ 200 1 POVERTY TRENDS 1% 4% q_ 2% 2% 45 % 146%1 41 % %of people li ving on less th a n $1 a day ! PPP$ 7990-200 1 Latin America - D Eastern Europe ..--:::::1 c::::l Middle East Sub-Saharan South Asia East Asia 10 & Caribbean & Central Asia & North Africa Africa & Pacific 11 MALNOURISHED CHILDREN %of chi ldren under five years Malnutrition who are malnourished 7995-2003 • over 30% M alnutrition rates among children under five years of age in the developing world fell from 47 percent in 1970 to 27 percent in 2000. Even so, 150 million children. in low- and • 21%-30% 1%- 10% middle-income economies are still malnourished . • 11 %-20% no data R ussian Federation ') .,. 25% of children in developing countries ~ are malnourished ... -,_ ' ( Samoa <:» ' •Vanuatu iI -....__/ ·.•!:\ around 1990 Chile: ' \ l::] around 2000 MALNUTRITION TRENDS 10 % 8% 7% 8% 32 % : 1 30 % %; ; who are malnourished 799()--2000 12 en under five yea rs ~, ~ '"\ Do Latin America & Caribbean D Eastern Europe & Central Asia Middle East & North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa South Asia East Asia & Pacific 13 Goal2 Achieving Universal Primary Education E ducation is the foundation of democratic societies and globally competitive economies. It is the basis for reducing poverty and inequality, improving health, enabling the use of new technologies, and creating and spreading knowledge. In an increasingly co mplex, knowledge-dependent world, primary education, as the gateway to higher levels of education, must be the first priority. Sin ce 1990 the cou ntr ies of the wor ld have ca ll ed for all J child ren to be ab'le to comp lete primary sc hoo l, but more than 100 million ch il dren of primary-school age remain out of schoo l, most of them in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, and the majority of them are gir ls. To reac h the Millennium Development Goa ls by 2015, schoo l systems Universal enrollment with low comp letion rates wi II need to start 50 developing countries now to trai n teac hers, bu il d c lass rooms, had met the goal by 2003; and improve the qua lity of educatio n. Th ey 7 were on track to meet wi ll a l so have to remove bar ri ers to the goal by 2015; atte ndance, such as fees and lack of 58 risk missing the goal; 39 lack adequate data to transportation, and address parents' co nce rn monitor progress. for t he safety of their chil dre n. 15 PRIMARY EDUCATION School Attendance %of chi ldren comp leting primary educat ion 2000-2003 95% and over Iceland t I n many areas of the world more than 90 percent of all children complete primary school. In the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia, rates are lower but have improved since 1990. 75%-94% • under 50% • 50%-74% no da ta $11» Boys dropping out The percentage Girls lose out of boys completing primary Fewer than 50% of girls ,·· school has recently declined in Africa complete in the Middle East primary school & North Africa \:-- 1990 1::::1 2000-2003 COMPLETION TRENDS %of children compl etin g primary educat ion B ;Q% ~, 1990--2003 Middle East Sub-Saharan South 16 Africa Asia 17 & North Africa SPENDING ON EDUCATION Education Expenditure Pub l ic expenditure per student as% of GOP per capita 1998-2002 20% and over lcdand ~ T o increase enrollment and provide better education, school systems have to invest in training teachers and improving facilities. But many poor countries already spend a substantial 15%- 19% • under 10% share of their CDP on education. • • 10%- 14% no data ---~~. Cubi" \\, ~ .. ~ ~lize .......... od11nican St Kfifs ~ __.B~p. .a Nevis.,~Oominica '- ~ ~ Jama1ca St. Vincent and St.lucia ~theGrcnadines Vanuatu e S.moo• ) Fiji • Barbados .Trinidad and Tobago •• Tonga -~ .-:.!:'· ..... ·.. . .. •e: , .. -'= 1990 \· 1::::1 2000-2002 LITERACY TRENDS 73% 87% 67 % . 180 % Now \. -~' %of peop le age 15-2 4 w ho are Iiterate 199G-2002 ,. Middle East Sub-Saharan 18 & North Africa Africa South Asia 19 Goal3 Promoting Gender Equality G ender inequality starts early and keeps women at a disadvantage throughout their lives. In some countries, infant girls are less likely to survive than infant boys because of parental discrimination and neglect. Girls are more likely to drop out of school and to receive less education than boys because the economic value of their work at home exceeds the perceived value of schooling. But when a country educates both its boys and its girls, economic productivity tends to rise, maternal and infant mortality rates usually fall, fertility rates decline, and the health and education prospects of the next generation improve. Three regions lag behind in providing girls full access to primary and secondary sc hoo l: South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Middle East and N o rth Africa. But countr ies with the w idest ge nder gaps have made progress, and renewed effo rts to get all chi ldren into school will create more Seals in national opportun iti es for gi rls . Th at is not all that is governments Only 15% were held by needed. Empowering women means having women in 2003, hardly an eq ual voice in all dec isions which affect any improvement on the ir lives: in the family, in the marketplace, the 13% in 1990. and in gove rnm ent. 21 GIRLS IN SCHOOL Gender parity index Equalit in Education in prim ary and secondary education 2002 or latest ava ilable data • over 100 • 71 -80 0 ver the past decade, gender difference in school attendance has been greatly reduced, but many girls still do not have equal access to education. The difference is greatest in regions 91 - 100 • 70 and under with the lt;?west overall primary completion rates and the lowest 81-90 no data incomes Russian Federation -~ ' Vanuatu e Samoa e ~ji • Tonga ) -- !r' , \ • ./' GIRLS IN SCHOOL 84 98 101 New \.. Gender parity index in primar and secondary educat ion Iii 2000-200 1 or latest available data~ •' A value less than 100 indicates that gi rl s ; ,e ~ under represented in primary and secondary school. High-income low-income Middle-income 22 economies economies economies 23 WAGE EMPLOYMENT Women in wage employment Equality in EmQior-ment in non-agricu ltura l sector as% of men 2000-2003 • 50% and over • 20%-29% t W age employment in modern sectors of the economy offers greater security and access to other social and economic benefits. Women typically occupy low-paid, low-s!atus jobs, or 40%- 49% • under 20% work in famiJv enterprises. Kiribati Tob:lou(NZ) Tuvalu • e Samoa Vanuatu e Fiji F~nch e Polyn~sio(Fr) :-.~ ~- r- . ~ .. -.•. lpmon .. Islands Women's share of the labor market increased from 39 % to 43 % between 1990 and 2002 WAGE EMPLOYMENT 46 % 18% 39 % 46 % N•w \. Women in wage emp loy ment in no n-agri cultural secto r as % of men 2000-2003 .:?' latin America Eastern Europe South Asia East Asia High-income 24 & Caribbean & Central Asia & Pacific economies 25 Goal4 Reducing Child Mortality E very year almost 11 million children in developing countries die before the age of five, most from causes that are readily preventable in rich countries: acute respiratory infections, diarrhea, measles, and malaria. Rapid improvements before 1990 gave hope that mortality rates for infants and children under five could be cut by two-thirds in the following 25 years. Progress slowed almost everywhere in the 1990s. Only two regions - Latin America and the Caribbean , and Eastern Europe and Central Asia - may be on track to achieve the target. Progress has been particularly slow in Sub-Saharan Africa, where civil disturbances and the HIV/AIDS epidemic have driven up rates of infant and child deaths. According to the most recent data, only 33 countries are making enough progress to reduce under-five mortality rates to one- third of their 1990 level and save the lives of millions of chi ldren. Improvements in water supply, sanitation, and access to health Child mortality services are needed to make faster progress. Almost half of all deaths of children under five occur in Sub-Saharan Africa. 27 CHILD DEATHS Expected number of deaths of chi ld re n unde r five Child Mortan per 1,000 children 2002-2003 • 200 a nd over • 50-99 M o rtality rates for children under five in developing countries have dropped by 16 percent since 1990. Yet 30,000 children die each day, most from preventable causes, 150- 199 under 50 and almost half of them in Sub-Saharan Africa. • [ 100- 149 no data Russian Fr:deration United Kiribati • e Samoa Fiji e e Tonga Maldiv(s i !'' Some causes of child mortality Acute respiratory infections: 19% Diarrhea: 17% Malaria: 8% \ 1990 Measles: 4% HIV/ AIDS: 3 % 2003 MORTALITY TRENDS Expected numbe r of death s of childre n un de r fi ve per 1,000 c hil dren 199G-2003 10 7 c:l • N ~-Oo~~tf;cent.and f Guam(US) American ) ! Palau Samoo(US) . . the Grenadmes ~elize Jamaica Haiti <::: St. lucia~ S..m"' ~ ~0 uras Nerh Guatemala ~' ,.- Ant"lles (Neth} 6 G~da, , El S~~~adr~~~ t Costa Rica - . _ 1 ;eY:,. . _}- · Barbados rinidad and Tobago 71 _ R. B. de~uyana -·~-..._ fijiTonga F11:nch Polynffia(Fr) / 1 f Pa nama \(enezuela • ~Maldives - CJ 1990 2003 Au s t r a I i a - TUBERCULOSIS TRENDS 154 1135 3 179 11179 154 11143 N•w Zealand Incidence of disease per 100,000 peop le 1990-2003 Latin America Eastern Europe Middle East & Sub-Saharan South East Asia & 40 & Caribbean & Central Asia North Africa Africa Asia Pacific 41 Goal7 Ensuring Environmental Sustainability S ustainable development can be ensured only by protecting the environment and usin g its resources wisely. Poor people, often dependent on natural resources for their livelihood, are the most affected by en viro nmental degradation and natural disasters, the effects of which are worsened by environmental mismanagement. Although many co untri es have adopted prin c iples of sustainab le development and agreed to international accords on protecting the environment, land is still being degraded. Forests are being lost and fisheries overused, plant and an im al species are becoming extinct, and carbon emiss ions are leading to cl im ate change. Rich and poor cou ntri es alike have a stake in using environmenta l resources wisely. Good policies and eco nomi c growth, which improve peop le's li ves, ca n improve the enviro nm ent. The MDGs also ca ll for improvements in the built env ironment. The world may achieve Improved water supplies the target for access to water services, but in developing countries improveme nt in basic sanitation services Percentage of people with access: has been slow, and slums are growing as 1990: 72% more peop le move into urban areas. 2002: 79% 43 WATER ACCESS %of pop ul ati on w ith access to Water and improved water source 2002 • 100% • 40%-59% A ccess to safe drinking water and basic sanitation has increased, but in 2002 1.1 billion people still lacked access to a reliable source of water that was reasona_!>ly prot ected from • under 40% contaminatl~"'ill and 2.4 billioll'people we re still::..i n need of --.. ~.A•,,'~~a••:.tinn services. /.'fi :;;----~ \ '" • ds · ' . • Ki ribati . · ; N.Manana ls.(US} e ' : Gu~m(US) ePalau Samoa . ~ Vanuatu e J;~::ch • , •. , Polynesia (Fr) · Phi,i~ -----~ .~'If_ ·. Fc:derat:~ ~ate~· ofMicronesra Mauritius • %of popul ati on w ith access to improved wa ter so urce and sa nitati on 7990-2002, 7990-2002 latin America & Sub-Saharan South Asia East Asia 44 Caribbean Africa & Pacific 45 EMISSIONS Emissions of carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) Carbon D metric tons per capita 2000 • 15.0 and over • 1.0 - 4.9 Fa~roe/s. (~"' E missions of carbon dioxide (C0 2 ), a greenhouse gas that contributes to global climate change, have increased in most regio ns. But,high-income economies remai n the largest 10.0 - 14.9 • under 1.0 c.a·rbon dioxide. Kiribati • American Samoo(USJ Samoa e e ~i .;onga French e New Po/ynt:s/0 {Fr] ' Ca/Monia{Fr] 3.6 3.2 Emiss ions of carbon diox ide metric tons per capita 7990-2000 46 11::::1 Low-income economies D Middle-income economies High-income economies 47 Goal8 Developing a Global Partnership W hat will it take to achieve the Millennium Development Goals? A lot. Economies need to grow to provide jobs and incomes for poor people. Health and education systems must deliver services to everyone: men and women, rich and poor. Infrastructure has to work and be accessible to all. And policies need to empower people to participate in the development process. While success depends on the actions of developing countries, which must direct their own development, there is also much that rich countries must do to help. This is what Goal 8 is for- it complements the first seven. Goa l S ca ll s fo r an open, rule-based trading an d f in anc ial system, more generous aid to cou ntr ies co mmitted to poverty reduction , and re lief for the debt problems of developing countri es . It draw s attention to the problems of the l east d eve lop ed countries and of l and l oc ked co untri es and small-island develop ing states, which have greater difficulty Official development assistance to developing competing in the global economy. It also calls countries reached for coo perat io n with the private sector to $78.6 billion in 2004, address yo uth un employment, ensure access its highest level ever. This represents a 4.6% to afford abl e, ess ential drugs, and make increase over 2003. availab le th e benefits of new information and comm uni ca ti o n technologies. 49 GIVING AND RECEIVING Net va lu e of aid and deve lopment assistance I US$ per cap ita 2003 Aid received: • over $100 Aid donated: • over $100 t O fficial development assistance (ODA) is provided by the richest countries to the poorest. Through much of the 1990s ODA levels fell. Since 2002 donors have pledged to , ncrease aid • $51-$ 100 • $5 1 -$100 by $20 billion a year in 2006 and to provide mor:e than $100 $50 and under $50 and under biHi9n a yea~ by 2010. But new commitments11"fill meet only a fraction of the need. ~ ~, ) :. .·.~ ·:: .. ·-:: , .. \' 0.24 0.23 0.20 0.17 0.15 50 Belgium France DDDDDa United Germany Canada Kingdom Spain Japan Italy United States 51 FOREIGN DEBT Debt service as% of exports of goods and services for low- and middl e- in come economies 2003 or latest available data • 50% and over t D ebt service measures the relative burden on developing cou ntries of their external debt. In many countries, export earn ings, by which debtor countries- acquire the c.urrencies to under 10% pay their creditors, have been rising, while debt service has • 25% - 49% grown more ;Jowly, reducing their debt b Russian Federation Samoa 8 Fiji e ~onga .~: .:~.. . Debt service as % of exports of goods and serv ices for low- and middl e-i ncome eco 1994-2003 Latin America Eastern Europe Middle East Sub-Saharan South Asia East Asia 52 & Caribbean & Central Asia & North Africa Africa & Pacific 53 - -,-- COUNTRY PROFILE POVERTY AND HUNGE R PRI MARY GENDER CHILD MATERNAL DISEASE ENVIRONMENT GLOBAL EQUALITY MORTALITY HEALTH PARTNERSHIP ~~"" l Count ries Population GNI Under $1 I Malnourished Gender - ~ Under-five Maternal HIV Acr:f:ss to f--- Debt C\'o of per ca pita per day children ildren parity morta lity mortality prevalence improved service Atlas method C\'o of pop. under 5 years mpleting index rate per 100,000 in adult pop. water source as C\'o of goods 2003 2003 1995-2003 as % of total 2()(10-2003 1998- per 1,000 live births ag_ es 15-49 •to of pop. and services millions US$ 1995-2003 I ,_ 2002 2002-2003 2000 2003 2002 2003 or latest Afghanistan - - - - - - 49 - 52 1,900 13 Alban ia 3.2 1,740 - - <2 14 ~( 102 21 55 97 3 ~ 101 Algeria 31 .8 1,930 <2 -- 6 - 99 41 140 0. 1 87 -- - Angola 13.5 740 - - - -- ·- 31 ,[ 96 - - 260 1,700 3.9 50 -- - 15 Argentina 36.8 Armenia 3.1 3,810 950 - 3 ·- 5 103 103 20 82 0.7 - . ~ • 38 Australia 19.9 21,950 - 13 -- 3 ~ [ 11 0 - 101 - 33 - 55 0.1 92 - ~ 9 - ~ Austria - 8.1 26,810 - - - - ·-- ·- - 0 - ~ [ 101 99 97 - - 6 6 . 8 4 0.1 0.3 100 100 -- -- - ~ ~ Azerbaijan 8.2 820 4 7 97 91 94 <0. 1 77 8 - - ! 106 . Bangladesh -- ·~ ~ 138.1 - Belarus 9.9 400 1,600 - 36 ·- 52 - [ 73 107 - 69 380 75 6 ~ Belgium 10.4 25,760 - - <2 - ·- -- - .[ 99 - 102 107 17 5 35 10 0.2 - 100 - -- - ~ 2 - ~ ~ Benin 6.7 - - Bol ivia -- 440 - ·- 23 -c 51 . 66 154 850 1.9 68 .- ~ -- 8.8 900 - 14 ·- 8 101 - 98 66 420 0.1 85 - ~ 21 ~ Bosnia and Herzegovina - 4.1 1,530 - - ·- 4 "' - - . ' 17 31 <0.1 98 - 6 Botswana Brazil - 1.7 176.6 3,530 2,720 - 8 - ·- 13 ~[ 91 102 103 - 112 100 260 37.3 0.7 95 89 ' - ~ 64 1 = Bulgaria 7.8 - -- 6 - :l 112 35 - ' - Burkina Faso 12.1 2,130 300 - 5 45 -- 97 98 17 32 1,000 0.1 1.8 100 51 - - • 11 11 - Burundi - 7.2 - ·- 38 :Jc 29 .. 72 207 - ' ~ Cambodia 13.4 90 - 55 ·- 45 31 -· 79 190 1,000 6.0 79 . - 66 - Cameroon 300 - 34 ·- 45 I 81 85 140 450 2.6 34 .- 1 ~ ~[ 16. 1 630 - Canada -· 31.6 24,470 ~ 17 - ·- 22 - 70 85 - 166 730 6.9 63 ·- - ~ -· - - 100 7 6 0.3 100 -·-- - Central African Republic Chad -· 3.9 260 - - - -- 23 J[ - - 180 1,100 13.5 75 -- - - - Chile - - 8.6 15.8 240 4,360 - ~ <2 ·- ·- 28 1 ~[ 25 104 .. .. 59 100 200 9 1,100 31 4.8 0.3 34 95 .- -- 31 - - China - 1,288.4 1,100 - 17 ···- 10 98 .. 97 - 37 - 56 0.1 77 .. 7 3~ ~ Hong Kong, Ch ina Colombia - 6.8 25,860 ~ - -- - 101 .. 100 - - 0.1 - -- - :j Congo, Dem. Rep. --- 44.6 1,810 - 8 ·- 7 88 .. 104 21 130 0.7 92 .. 44 ---- 53.2 100 - - -- 31 - - 205 990 4.2 46 -- - Congo, Rep. Costa Rica ---- 3.8 650 - - -- - J 59 87 108 510 4.9 46 .- 4 =I j~ 4.0 Cote d'lvoire ~ 4,300 - <2 ·- 5 94 101 10 43 0.6 97 -- 10 ~ - .- 16.8 660 11 21 51 69 192 690 7.0 84 9 Croati a - - ·--- - - 4.4 5,3 70 - <2 -- 1 96 101 - 7 8 <0.1 -- 21 54 55 1 I COUNTRY PROFILE I POVERTY AND HUNGER PRIMARY GENDER CHILD MATERNAL! DISEASE EDUCATION EQUALITY MORTALITY HEALTH Countries I Population / GNI Under $1 Malnourished~ r--- Ofo of Gender Under-five Maternal - HIV Access to per capita per day children children parity mortality mortality prevalence improved Atlas method Ofo of pop. under 5 years compl eting index rate per 100,000 in adult pop. water source 2003 2003 1995-2003 as Ofo of total 2000-2003 1998- per 1,000 live births ages 15-49 Ofo of pop. millions US$ 1995-2003 2002 2002-2003 2000 2003 2002 11.3 - - 4 97 8 33 0.1 91 Czech Republic --- 10.2 7,150 - 94 Denmark ------ ~. 5.4 <2 - ·-- ~[ 106 101 5 9 0.1 ---- 33,570 - 107 103 6 5 0.2 100 Dominican Republic ~~ 8.7 2,130 <2 5 93 108 35 150 1.7 93 Ecuador . --- 13.0 1,830 18 14 100 100 27 130 0.3 86 Egypt, Arab Rep. -- 67.6 1,390 - El Sa lvador - 6.5 2,340 3 31 - 9 91 93 39 84 <0.1 98 10 89 96 36 150 0.7 82 Eritrea -- 4.4 190 - 40 76 85 630 2.7 57 ·- ... 40 Estonia 1.4 5,380 <2 - 99 9 63 1.1 Ethiopia ---- ·- 104 --- . - - 68.6 90 23 47 Jt:. 39 69 169 850 4.4 22 Finland --- 5.2 27,060 - -. --- ·- - 101 106 4 6 0.1 I 100 France Gabon - -~- 59.8 1.3 24,730 3,340 --- - ---· 12 - J[ - 74 100 96 6 91 17 420 0.4 8.1 87 Gambia, The -- · - - 1.4 270 - Georgia Germany - -- - ---. 5.1 82.5 770 .. - 3 -- 17 3 rc = 68 82 90 100 ' 123 45 540 32 1.2 0.1 82 76 Ghana ·-- 20.7 25,270 320 45 . ·- - 22 J:[ 101 62 99 91 5 95 540 8 0.1 3.1 100 79 ---- ·- , _\I[ Greece 11.0 13,230 - Guatemala - ------· - 12.3 1,910 ·--· - 101 5 9 0.2 16 23 66 93 47 240 1.1 95 Guinea ----- - - -- ·- 7.9 430 -- - 23 Jc 41 69 160 740 3.2 51 Guinea-Bissau 1.5 140 - 25 - 65 204 1,100 - 59 Haiti ----- ~ ~ - ·- 8.4 400 - 17 :JC - - 118 680 5.6 71 Honduras 7.0 970 21 17 79 - 41 110 1.8 90 -- ---- Hungary India --- 10.1 1,064.4 6,350 540 <2 35 ·- 47 - :[ 102 81 100 80 7 87 16 540 0.1 0.9 99 86 - Indonesia Iran, Islamic Rep. --- 214.7 66.4 810 2,010 8 <2 27 11 ::c 95 107 98 96 41 39 230 76 0.1 0.1 78 93 Iraq -- - - 81 - - - - 24.7 - 16 ]C 80 125 250 <0.1 Ireland 4.0 27,010 - - 104 7 5 0.1 ·------- -- - Israel Italy --------- 6.7 57.6 16,240 21,570 ~ - - JC: - 101 99 97 6 6 17 5 0.1 I 0.5 100 Jamaica Japan -----~ ---· 2.6 127.6 2,980 34,180 <2 - ·- - 4 :J c 85 - 101 100 20 5 87 10 1.2 <0.1 93 100 Jordan ---~ ----· - 5.3 1,850 - <2 - 4 .:::c 98 101 28 41 <0.1 I 91 56 57 COUNTRY PROFILE I ~""'"' POVERTY AND HUNGER GENDER UCATION EQUALITY Countries I Population I GNI Under $1 Malnourished oto of Gender per capita per day children children parity Atlas method % of pop. under 5 years completing mdex 2003 2003 1995-2003 as % of total 2000-2003 1998- 1illions us 1995-2003 2002 Kazak hstan 14.9 1,780 <2 4 ... 100 Kenya --~ 31.9 400 - 23 110 Korea, Dem. Rep. --- -~-· 22.6 - - ~ - ·- ·- 20 28 -L 73 - 94 - 123 55 1,000 67 I 6.7 I 62 I 16 Korea, Rep. Kuwait ---· 47.9 12,030 - <2 ·- - :~c 97 100 5 20 2.4 17,960 2 96 104 9 5 Kyrgyz Republic 5.1 340 <2 ·- 6 ~ ...- 100 68 110 0.1 76 - ·- Lao PDR Latvia - 5.7 2.3 340 - 26 - 40 - ~- l ·- 93 74 83 91 650 0.1 >.0.6 I 43 Lebanon - 4.5 4,400 - <2 - - ,L 101 100 12 42 Lesotho - 1.8 4,040 - ·- 3 68 102 31 150 0. 1 100 Liberia - 610 - 36 - ·- 18 J IE: 67 105 110 550 28.9 76 Libya - 3.4 110 - ·- 27 - 72 235 760 5.9 62 Lithuania - 5.6 3.5 4,500 - <2 -- 5 - : I[ - 102 103 99 16 11 97 13 0.3 0.1 72 Macedonia, FYR -- : I[ Madagascar 2.0 16.9 1,980 290 - <2 61 -- 6 33 100 47 99 97 11 ' 126 23 550 <0.1 1.7 45 ·- Malawi Malaysia -~~-· 11.0 24.8 160 3,880 - -. 42 <2 ·- 25 19 :c I 71 92 92 104 178 7 1,800 41 14.2 0.4 67 95 Mali ·- 11.7 290 - J l[ 48 Mauritan ia 2.8 400 - ·- 33 40 71 220 1,200 1.9 Mauritius 1.2 4,100 - - 26 - ·- 32 15 ][ 43 105 94 101 107 18 1,000 24 0.6 - 56 100 ··~ Mexico 102.3 6,230 10 B 28 0.3 91 Moldova 4.2 590 '" - 22 ·- ~ ] I[ 99 83 102 102 - 32 83 36 0.2 92 Mongolia 2.5 480 27 13 108 11 0 68 110 <0. 1 62 ·- Morocco Mozambique 30.1 1,310 - <2 ·-~ 9 J[ 75 BB 39 220 0.1 80 Myanmar 18.8 49.4 210 - - - 38 - ·- ·~ 26 28 -[ 52 73 79 99 147 107 1,000 360 12.2 1.2 42 80 Namibia 2.0 1,930 - Nepal 24.7 240 - - 39 ·- ·~ 24 48 ][ 92 78 104 83 65 82 300 740 21.3 0.5 80 84 Netherlands 16.2 26,230 - - 0.2 100 New Zealand 4.0 15,530 - - - - J [ 98 - 98 103 - 6 6 16 7 0.1 Ni caragua - ·~ 5.5 740 45 0.2 81 - ·- 10 75 104 38 230 Niger 11.8 200 - 61 - 40 ~ -[ 26 69 262 1,600 1.2 46 Nigeria 136.5 - 350 - 70 =j[ 29 82 198 BOO 5.4 60 Norway 4.6 43,400 - ·- ·~ - . - - 101 5 16 0.1 100 58 59 COUNTRY PROFILE I POVERTY AND HUNGER GENDER CHILD MATERNAL DISEASE ENVIRONMENT GLOBAL PRIMARY EDUCATION EQUALITY MORTALITY HEALTH PARTNERSHIP Countries I Population I GNI Under $1 j Malnourished ---., - Ofo of Gender Under-five Maternal HIV Access to Debt per capita per day children children parity mortality mortality prevalence improved service Atlas method % of pop. under 5 years completing mdex rate per 100,000 in adult pop. water source as% of goods 2003 2003 1995-2003 • as% of total millions US$ 1995-2003 2ooo-2003 1998- per 1,000 live births ages 15-49 %of pop. and services 2002 2002-2~ 2000 1- 2003_ 2002 2003 or latest Oman 2.6 18 - 73 97 12 87 0.1 79 10 Pakistan 148.4 520 13 35 .. Panama Papua New Guinea - -· - 3.0 5.5 4,060 500 7 -- ·- 8 - =·I[ - 98 53 71 100 88 - - 98 24 93 500 160 300 0.1 0.9 0.6 90 91 39 .- . 16 11 12 Paraguay -· 5.6 1,110 16 ·- - -[ - "' - --- . -- 98 29 170 0.5 83 . - - 10 Peru Philippines -· -- . 27.1 81 .5 2,140 1,080 18 15 . -- ·- 7 32 :[ 93 102 95 97 102 - - 34 - 36 410 200 0.5 <0.1 81 85 . .- - 22 22 Poland 38.2 5,280 - Portugal <2 .. - -[ 98 98 - 7 13 0.1 - 25 10.4 11,800 - - - Puerto Rico - 3.9 - - ·-- -- - -I -( - - 102 - - - 5 - - - 25 5 0.4 Romania 21.7 2,260 <2 3 17 100 20 49 <0.1 57 -- 89 Russian Federation Rwanda - --. 143.4 8.4 2,610 220 <2 52 . ---- 6 24 :,[ 93 37 - . 100 95 21 203 67 1,400 I 1.1 5.1 I 96 73 ·I-. 12 14 Saudi Arabia ·- . -- 22.5 9,240 - Senegal Serbia and Montenegro Sierra Leone ·-- - -- - . - 10.2 8.1 5.3 540 1,910 150 22 - - ·- ---- 23 2 27 = I[ -[ 61 48 96 56 93 87 101 70 26 • 137 14 284 23 690 11 2,000 0.8 0.2 - I 72 93 57 ·I- .- 10 14 12 Singapore 4.3 21,230 - ·- Slovak Republic ~~-- -- 5.4 4,940 <2 . --- 3 : 1[ - - 5 30 0.2 <0.1 I 100 I 13 - 99 101 8 3 ·- Slovenia Somalia 2.0 9.6 11,920 - <2 26 - : [ 95 - 100 - 225 4 17 1,100 <0.1 - 29 South Africa Spain - . 45.8 41.1 2,750 17,040 11 - ·- 12 - J [ 99 . . 100 66 230 15.6 I 87 I 9 -- --- - . 103 4 4 0.7 Sri Lanka 19.2 930 8 I Sudan --- - 33 [ - . 103 . 15 92 <0.1 78 7 33.5 460 - Swaziland Sweden -- -. 1.1 1,350 - --- ·- 41 10 -- - [ 49 75 86 94 . - 93 153 590 370 2.3 38.8 69 52 = :1 1 2 9.0 28,910 Switzerland --·· 7.4 ---- - -- I 101 112 . 4 2 0.1 100 40,680 17.4 1,160 - 7 - [ 99 96 - 6 7 0.4 100 88 93 18 160 <0.1 79 4 -- .. . -- Tanzania 6.3 210 7 ··- - ~, [ 100 .. 88 . 95 100 <0.1 58 - - 9 35.9 300 - 29 __ I 58 99 . 165 1,500 8.8 73 5 Thailand -----~--- 62.0 2,190 ·- .. -- Togo -- <2 18 _I[ 86 95 - 26 44 1.5 85 .. 16 4.9 310 - 25 78 69 . 140 570 4.1 51 2 Trinidad and Tobago 60 --- - 1.3 7,790 - ---- ·- 6 =;ic 91 102 20 160 3.2 91 -- 4 ---- COUNTRY PROFILE POVERTY AND HUNGER PRI MARY GENDER CHILD,~..! M,ATERNAL I DISEASE I EDUCATION EQUALITY MORTAL ~ E~ LT A-- _H-J..---...j._ _ Countries I Population I GNI per capita Under $1 per day Ofo of children Gender parity Maternal HIV mortality prevalence Atlas method %of pop. com pleting mdex per 100,000 in adult pop. 2003 1995-2003 2000-2003 1998- live births ages 15-49 J___mj llions I US$ 2002 2000 2003 Tunisia 100 120 <0.1 101 Turkey 70.7 2,800 85 70 93 95 Turkmen ista n 4.9 1,120 102 31 <0.1 71 Uganda 25.3 Ukra ine --· 48.4 250 970 63 96 99 140 20 880 35 4.1 1.4 56 98 --· 59 United Arab Emirates Un ited Kingdom -- 4.0 59.3 28,320 71 100 11 6 8 7 - 54 13 0.2 United States -- - Uruguay --- 290.8 3.4 37,870 100 8 - 17 0.6 100 .- Uzbekistan 25.6 3,820 420 92 105 14 - 27 0.3 98 .- 26 Venezuela, RB 103 " 98 69 24 0.1 89 .- 21 25.7 3,490 81.3 480 90 95 104 93 21 23 96 130 0.7 0.4 83 73 .- 30 3 .- =r 3.4 1,110 106 - - - - Yemen, Rep. 19.2 .- Zamb ia 10.4 520 66 : 1 61 11 3 570 0.1 69 .- 3 380 64 28 69 91 182 750 15.6 55 - 28 Zimbabwe 13.1 - I= 56 = 1 13 81 95 126 1,100 24.6 83 . · · ···· - · · · 5,510 - + - - 93 86 407 ~n: 82 440 71 84 123 689 2.1 75 12 - 1,930 95 98 37 115 0.7 •. 83 18 Lower midd le income 2,655.5 1,490 95 97 39 121 0.7 82 18 Upper middle income ~ 333. 1 5,440 93 102 22 67 0.6 - 18 Low Et middle income 5,300.5 1,280 84 91 87 444 1.2 79 17 East Asia Et Pacific 1,854.6 1,070 97 97 41 116 0.2 78 11 Europe Et Central Asia 472.2 2,580 90 97 36 58 0.7 91 20 Latin America Et Caribbean 532.7 3,280 96 102 33 193 0.7 89 31 Middle E ast Et North Africa 311.6 2,390 84 91 53 162 0. 1 88 12 South Asia 1,424.7 510 80 82 92 567 0.8 84 16 Sub-Sa hara n Africa ~ 704.5 500 59 84 171 916 7.2 58 8 High income 972.1 28,600 101 7 13 0.4 99 62 Index Related World Bank Titles ca rbon diox ide 43, HIV/AIDS 27, 29, poverty 9, 10- 11 , World Development Indicators 2005 4 6-4 7 37, 38-39, 41 ' 15, 33, 37, 43, Consult over 800 indicators for 152 economies child morta lity 12, 54-63 54-63 and 14 country groups in more than 80 tables. 26-3 1' 54-63 hunger 9, 12-13 red uction 49 Provides a current overview of the most recent child b irth 33 see also data available as well as important regional data pregnancy 33 see matern a l morta lity and income group analysis in six thematic inequa lity 15 see also materna l chapters. Also available on CD-ROM. also gende r mo rta li ty ISBN : 0-8213 -6071-X debt 49, 52-53, inequa lity 54-63 internationa l a id 49, World Development Indicators Online disease 9, 27, 33, 50-5 1 respiratory infec ti ons WDI-=- The premier data source on the global economy, 36-41 27, 29 - oHLIHE WDI Online contains statistical data for over 575 development indicators and time series data from literacy 18-19 sanitatio n services 1960-2002 for over 220 countries and country education 9, 14- 19, 43, 44-45 groups. Updated periodically with annual data 2 1,37, 49 ma la ria 27, 29 loaded in May. expendi ture on ma lnutriti on 9, 33 www.worldbank.org/online tuberculos is 3 7, 18-19 of children 10-11 , 40-41 World Bank Atlas, 36th edition of boys 16 54-63 With its easy-to-read and colorful world maps, of girls 15, 22-23 materna l hea lth water services 43, ... .·· .1 tables, and graphs, the World Bank Atlas vividly primary 16-17, 32-35 44-45, 54-63 .. ::: ' illustrates the key development challenges in the 54-63 materna l mo rta lity world today. •) employme nt 9 ISBN: 0-8213-5732-8 33, 34-35, 54-63 of wo men 24-25 meas les 27, 29, Little Data Book 2005 environme nta l 30-3 1, 37 A pocket-sized ready reference on key susta inabili ty 9, development data for 208 countries. 42-4 7 offi cia l deve lopment ISBN : 0-8213-6075-2 ass istance see To order, phone 1-800-645-7247 or 703-661- gender inequ ality 15, intern atio na l a id 1580 or go to www.worldbank.org/publications. 20-25, 54-63 GNI 54-63 populati on 54-63 Prices and credit terms vary from country to country. Please consult your local distributor or bookseller before placing an order. 64 ; , Definitions, Notes, and Sources PopUlation: all residents of a country or territory regardless of legal status or citizenship - except Data Notes The aggregate measures for regions include on ly for refugees not permanently settled in the country low- and middle-income economies. The country of asylum, who are generally considered part of composition of regions is bac,ed on the World Definitions the population of the~r country of ong1n. Bank's analytical regions and may differ from resident producers plus any taxes (less subsidies) Aid: refers to grants and disbursements of that are not included in the va luation of output Primary completion rate: the proportion of common geographic usage. For definitions of plus net receipts of primary income (employee children of graduation age who successfu lly income groups, see page 6. concessionalloans (net of repayments) provided for development purposes by official agencies of compensation and property income) from complete the last year of primary school. (Source: The term country (used intercha ngeably with members of the OECD's Development nonresident sources. GN I per capita is in current World Bank) economy) does not imply political independence Committee, by some other countries, and by US dollars converted using the World Bank Atlas Primary education, expenditure per student: or official recognition by the World Bank but multilateral institutions such as the World Bank. method. current public spending on education divided by refers to any economy for which the authorities Military assistance is not included in aid. Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HI PC) report separate socia l or economic statistics. the total number of stuaents, expressed as a Initiative: an initiative by official creditors percentage of GOP per cap ita. (Source: UNESCO) When data are not avai lable, the name of that AIDS: acquired immune deficiency syndrome designed to help the poorest, most heavily country is not reported in the map. Carbon dioxide emissions: emissions stemming indebted countries escape from unsustainable Purchasing power parity (PPP): a method of measuring the relative purchasing power of When dates are shown as a range (for example, from the burning of fossil fuels and the debt. different countries' currencies over the same types 1995-2003), the data are selected from the most manufacture of cement. They include carbon HIV: human immunodeficiency virus of goods and services. recent yea r avai lable. dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. (Source: Sanitation, access to improved: the percentage of Only countries with populations greater than HIV, r,revalence of: refers to the percentage of Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center) peop e age 15-49 who are infected with HIV. 1 million appear in the Data Table on pp 54-63. the population with access to adequate excreta Child malnutrition: the percentage of children (Source: UNAIDS and WHO) disposal facilities (private or shared, but not Data and Text Sources whose weight for age is more than two standard publi c) that can effectively prevent human, Immunization, measles: the percentage of animal, and insect contact with excreta. The data and indicators presented in the miniAtlas, deviations below the median for the international children ages 12-23 months at the time of the reference population ages 0-59 months. (Source: (Source: WHO and UNICEF) unless otherwise indicated, are derived primarily survey who received a dose of measles vaccine by from World Development Indicators 2005 WHO) the age of 12 months, or at any time before the Share of women in wage employment in the C02 : carbon dioxide interview date. A child is considered adequately nonagricultural sector: the share of female Contact us immunized against measles after receiving one workers in the nonagricultural sector (i ndustry and For more information about World Bank data or Debt service as a share of exports: the ratio of dose of vaccine. (Source: WHO and UNICEF) services), expressed as a percentage of tota l other World Bank data publications, visit our data public and publicly guaranteed debt service (after employment in the nonagricultural sector. web site at www.worldbank.org/data; e-mail us at debt relieO to the exports of goods and services Maternal mortality ratio: the number of women (Source: fLO) w ho die from pregnancy-relat!!d causes during data@ worldbank.org; or call ou r data hotline at and net income from abroad. (Source: IMF and (800) 645-7247 or (703) 661-1580; orfax (703) World Bank) pregnancy and childbirth, per 100,000 live births. Tuberculosis, incidence of: the estimated number Data are based on modeled estimates. (Source: of new tuberculosis cases (pulmonary, smear 661-1501. Extreme poverty: the percentage of the population WHO and UNICEF) positive, extra-pulmonary). (Source: WHO) For more information about the Millennium living on less than S1.08 a day at 1993 Development Goals, visit international prices. (Source: World Bank) Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): eight Water source, access to improved: the percentage goals for sustainable development contai ned in of the population with reasonable access to an www.developmentgoals.org Gender parity index in primary and secondary: tne Millennium Declaration adopted unanimously adequate amount of water from an improved Photo Credits the ratio of girls' to boys' gross enrollment rates in by the 189 members of the United Nations in source, such as a household connection, public primary and secondary school. A value less than September 2000. (See inside front cover for a list standpipe, borehole, protected well or spring, or Cover: (front left) Curt Carnemark; (front right) 100 indicates that girls are under represented in oftheMDGs.) rainwater collection. Reasonable access is defined Anvar ll yasov; (back left) Alejandro Lipszyc; (back primary and secondary school. (Source: UNESCO) as the availability of at least 20 liters a person a right) Jim Pickerell Mortality rate, under-five: the probability that a day from a source within 1 km of the dwelling. Gross Domestic Product (GOP): the sum of gross newborn baby will die before reaching the age of Inside: 4 & 48 Jim Pickerell; 8, 36 & 42 Curt (Source: WHO and UNICEF) val ue added by all resident producers in the five, if subject to current age-specific mortality Carnema rk; 14 Ami Vitale; 20 Bill Lyons; 26 economy plus any product taxes (less subsidies) rates. (Source: UN, UNICEF) World Bank Atlas method: the Atlas method of Shehzad Noorani; 32 Tran Thi Hoa not included in the value of the products. It is ca lcu lating gross national income (GNI) per calculated using purchaser prices and without Net aid per capita: receipts refer to official capita. It converts national currency units to US deductions for the depreciation of fabricated development assistance and official aid received dollars using a three-year average exchange rate. assets or for the depletion and degradation of from members of the OECD Development The purpose is to reduce the effect of exchange natural resources. Assistance Committee and other official donors rate fluctuations in the cross-country comparison net of repayments and aid donated. Countries of national incomes. Gross National Income (GNI): gross national whose repayments and donations exceed their income (formerly called gross national product or receipts are shown as net aid donors. (Source: GNP) is the sum of gross value added by all OECDDAC) The greatest challenge of the 21st century is to provide every human being on the planet with a long, healthy, and fulfilling life, free of poverty and full of opportunities to participate in the life of their community. The Millennium Declaration -signed by 189 countries in 2000- set clear targets for reducing poverty and other causes of human deprivation and promoting sustainable development. But how far are we towards meeting th~se goals? And what resources are needed to help those countries that are not on track? The third volume in the series , the miniAtlas of Millennium Development Goals, is an at-a-glance guide to the world's most pressing development challenges. Illustrated in a clear and accessible format, it presents colorful world maps and engaging graphics that provide a wealth of information for over 200 countries and territories on today ' s key global issues, from eradicating poverty and reducing child mortality to eliminating HIV/ AIDS and promoting environmental sustainability. Specially designed to show detailed information on a small scale, the miniAtlas of Millennium Development Goals is a handy introduction and quick reference for better understanding the most important issues facing our world today. • THE WORLD BANK 9 llflllll ISBN 0 · 8213 · 6175 · 9