NORTH-EAST NIGERIA Recovery and Volume III Peace Building Assessment State Reports THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA NORTH-EAST NIGERIA Recovery and Volume III Peace Building Assessment State Reports THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA © 2016 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank ** ** Nigeria Country Office: 102 Yakubu Gowon Crescent, Asokoro, Abuja Federal Capital Territory, Federal Republic of Nigeria Telephone: +234 7035830641-4 Internet: http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/nigeria World Bank Headquarters: 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433, USA Telephone: +1 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org European Union Delegation to Nigeria & ECOWAS 21st Crescent, Off Constitution Av., Central Business District, Garki, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Federal Republic of Nigeria Telephone: +234 94617800 Internet: www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/nigeria United Nations – Nigeria UN House, Plot 617/618 Diplomatic Drive, Central Business District, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Federal Republic of Nigeria Telephone: +2348111399927 Internet: www.ng.one.un.org or www.ng.undp.org This Recovery and Peace Building Assessment (RPBA) for North-East Nigeria is a col- laborative product by the Federal Government of the Republic of Nigeria and the State Governments of Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Taraba and Yobe. The assessment was prepared with support from the European Union (EU), the United Nations (UN) and the World Bank (WB). Acknowledging the different mandates of the institutions that supported the assessment (EU, UN and WB) and areas of expertise, the findings, conclusions and recommenda- tions expressed in the RPBA do not necessarily constitute the views or formal recom- mendations of the EU, UN or WB, nor do they reflect the views of the governing bodies of these institutions or their member states. It is also recognized that due to different mandates not all activities set forth or proposed in the report will be shared by or engaged in by the collaborating institutions, and it is further understood that each institution will carry out or be engaged with any such activities in accordance with its mandate, and operational policies and procedures. The EU, UN and WB do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colours, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of these partners concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions ** ** The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because the authors encourage dis- semination of their knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for non-commercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Publishing and Knowledge Division, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC, 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org Volume III State Reports Table of Contents VII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS VIII ACRONYMS 01 ADAMAWA 02 1.1 Overview 02 1.1.1 Key Facts 02 1.1.2 RPBA Background and Key Findings 02 1.1.3 Overview and Pre-crisis Conditions 02 1.1.4 Impact of the Crisis 03 1.2 Peace Building, Stability, and Social Cohesion 03 1.2.1 Needs for Peace Building, Stability, and Social Cohesion 04 1.3 Infrastructure and Social Services 04 1.3.1 Impacts and Damages Related to Infrastructure and Social Services 04 1.3.2 Infrastructure and Social Service Needs 05 1.4 Economic Impacts and Recovery Needs 05 1.4.1 Macroeconomic impacts 05 1.4.2 Needs for Economic Recovery and Employment 06 1.5 Detailed Sector Damages and Needs Tables for Adamawa State 06 1.5.1 Detailed Sector Damages for Adamawa State 07 1.5.2 Detailed Sector Needs for Adamawa State 09 BAUCHI 10 Overview 10 2.1.1 Key Facts 10 2.1.2 RPBA Background and Key Findings 10 2.1.3 Overview and Pre-crisis Conditions 10 2.1.4 Impact of the Crisis 11 2.2 Peace Building, Stability, and Social Cohesion 11 2.2.1 Needs for Peace Building, Stability, and Social Cohesion 12 2.3 Infrastructure and Social Services 12 2.3.1 Impacts and Damages Related to Infrastructure and Social Services 12 2.3.2 Infrastructure and Social Service Needs VOLUME III: STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT III 13 2.4 Economic Impacts and Recovery Needs 13 2.4.1 Macroeconomic Impacts 13 2.4.2 Needs for Economic Recovery and Employment 14 2.5 Detailed Sector Damages and Needs Tables for Bauchi State 14 2.5.1 Detailed Sector Damages for Bauchi State 14 2.5.2 Detailed Sector Needs for Bauchi State 16 BORNO 17 3.1 Overview 17 3.1.1 Key Facts 17 3.1.2 RPBA Background and Key Findings 17 3.1.3 Overview and Pre-crisis Conditions 17 3.1.4 Impact of the Crisis 18 3.2 Peace Building, Stability, and Social Cohesion 18 3.2.1 Needs for Peace Building, Stability, and Social Cohesion 19 3.3 Infrastructure and Social Services 19 3.3.1 Impacts and Damages Related to Infrastructure and Social Services 19 3.3.2 Infrastructure and Social Services Needs 20 3.4 Economic Impacts and Recovery Needs 20 3.4.1 Macroeconomic Impacts 20 3.4.2 Needs for Economic Recovery and Employment 21 3.5 Detailed Sector Damages and Needs Tables for Borno State 21 3.5.1 Detailed Sector Damages for Borno State 22 3.5.2 Detailed Sector Needs for Borno State 24 GOMBE 25 4.1 Overview 25 4.1.1 Key Facts 25 4.1.2 RPBA Background and Key Findings 25 4.1.3 Overview and Pre-crisis Conditions 25 4.1.4 Impact of the Crisis 26 4.2 Peace Building, Stability, and Social Cohesion 26 4.2.1 Needs for Peace Building, Stability, and Social Cohesion 27 4.3 Infrastructure and Social Services 27 4.3.1 Impacts and Damages Related to Infrastructure and Social Services 27 4.3.2 Infrastructure and Social Services Needs 28 4.4 Economic Impacts and Recovery Needs 28 4.4.1 Macroeconomic Impacts 28 4.4.2 Needs for Economic Recovery and Employment 29 4.5 Detailed Sector Damages and Needs Tables for Gombe State 29 4.5.1 Detailed Sector Damages for Gombe State 29 4.5.2 Detailed Sector Needs for Gombe State IV VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 01 : THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA 32 TARABA 33 5.1 Overview 33 5.1.1 Key Facts 33 5.1.2 RPBA Background and Key Findings 33 5.1.3 Overview of the State and Pre-crisis Conditions 33 5.1.4 Impact of the Crisis 34 5.2 Peace Building, Stability, and Social Cohesion 34 5.2.1 Needs for Peace Building, Stability, and Social Cohesion 35 5.3 Infrastructure and Social Services 35 5.3.1 Impacts and Damages Related to Infrastructure and Social Services 35 5.3.2 Infrastructure and Social Services Needs 36 5.4 Economic Impacts and Recovery Needs 36 5.4.1 Macroeconomic Impacts 36 5.4.2 Needs for Economic Recovery and Employment 37 5.5 Detailed Sector Damages and Needs Tables for Taraba State 37 5.5.1 Detailed Sector Damages for Taraba State 37 5.5.2 Detailed Sector Needs for Taraba State 40 YOBE 41 6.1 Overview 41 6.1.1 Key Facts 41 6.1.2 RPBA background and key findings 41 6.1.3 Overview and Pre-crisis Conditions 41 6.1.4 Impact of the Crisis 42 6.2 Peace Building, Stability and Social Cohesion 42 6.2.1 Needs for Peace Building, Stability and Social Cohesion 43 6.3 Infrastructure and Social Services 43 6.3.1 Impacts and Damages Related to Infrastructure and Social Services 43 6.3.2 Infrastructure and Social Service Needs 44 6.4 Economic Impacts and Recovery Needs 44 6.4.1 Macroeconomic Impacts 44 6.4.2 Needs for Economic Recovery and Employment 45 6.5 Detailed Sector Damages and Needs Tables for Yobe State 45 6.5.1 Detailed Sector Damages for Yobe State 46 6.5.2 Detailed Sector Needs for Yobe State 48 REFERENCES VOLUME III: STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT V List of Tables 02 Table 1 Adamawa at a glance 02 Table 2 Summary of needs across the three areas of intervention in Adamawa 03 Table 3 Estimated needs for peace building, stability and social cohesion in Adamawa 04 Table 4 Summary of damages to infrastructure and social services in Adamawa 04 Table 5 Infrastructure and social services: estimated needs by sector in Adamawa 05 Table 6 Estimated impacts on state output and prices 2011-2015 05 Table 7 Estimated needs for economic recovery 10 Table 8 Bauchi at a glance 10 Table 9 Summary of needs across the three areas of intervention in Bauchi 11 Table 10 Estimated needs for peace building, stability and social cohesion in Bauchi 12 Table 11 Summary of damages to infrastructure and social services in Bauchi 12 Table 12 Damages to infrastructure and social services: estimated needs by sector in Bauchi 13 Table 13 Estimated impacts on state output and prices 2011-2015 13 Table 14 Estimated needs for economic recovery 17 Table 15 Borno at a glance 17 Table 16 Summary of needs across the three areas of intervention in Borno 18 Table 17 Estimated needs for peace building, stability, and social cohesion in Borno 19 Table 18 Summary of damages to infrastructure and social services in Borno 19 Table 19 Estimated needs by sector, infrastructure and social services in Borno 20 Table 20 Estimated impacts on state output and prices 2011-2015 20 Table 21 Estimated impacts on state output and prices 2011-2015 25 Table 22 Gombe at a glance 25 Table 23 Summary of needs across the areas of intervention in Gombe 26 Table 24 Estimated needs by sector, infrastructure, and social services in Gombe 27 Table 25 Summary of damages to infrastructure and social services in Gombe 27 Table 26 Estimated needs by sector, infrastructure, and social services in Gombe 28 Table 27 Estimated impacts on state output and prices 2011-2015 28 Table 28 Estimated needs for economic recovery 33 Table 29 Taraba at a glance 33 Table 30 Summary of needs across the three areas of intervention in Taraba 34 Table 31 Estimated needs for peace building, stability and social cohesion in Taraba 35 Table 32 Summary of damages to infrastructure and social services in Taraba 35 Table 33 Infrastructure and social services: estimated needs by sector in Taraba 36 Table 34 Estimated impacts on state output and prices, 2011-2015 36 Table 35 Estimated needs by sector for economic recovery 41 Table 36 Yobe at a glance 41 Table 37 Summary of needs across the three areas of intervention in Yobe 42 Table 38 Estimated needs for peace building, stability and social cohesion in Yobe 43 Table 39 Summary of damages to infrastructure and social services in Yobe 43 Table 40 Infrastructure and social services: estimated needs by sector in Yobe 44 Table 41 Estimated impacts on state output and prices, 2011-2015 44 Table 42 Estimated needs for economic recovery VI VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT PREFACE Acknowledgements The North-East Nigeria Recovery and Peace Building Assessment (RPBA) was undertaken by the Federal Government of the Republic of Nigeria, led by the Office of the Vice President and the State Gov- ernments of Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Taraba and Yobe. The assessment was supported by the European Union (EU), the United Nations (UN), and The World Bank (WB). The Government of Nigeria Core RPBA Team consisted of Dr. Mari- am Masha, Senior Special Assistant to the President on Internally Displaced Persons and Focal Points from the six states, including: Maurice Vunobolki (Adamawa); Mohammed Aminu Ibrahim (Bau- chi); Dr. Baba Gana Umara (Borno); Aliyu M. Kamara (Gombe); Jeji Williams (Taraba); and Muhammad Yusufari (Yobe). The strong support and the contributions of the many different national stakeholders was remarkable. The dedication of the RPBA teams from the Federal and State Governments and three institutions was exceptional. Special thanks go to the Federal and State Govern- ments, the EU, UN and WB, and the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development (DFID) for financial support pro- vided for this assessment. In addition thanks to the EU for funding the design and layout of this document. The efforts of all made this report possible. The design and layout of this document was created and executed by the team at Bivee Inc. Cover photo by Arne Hoel b n d VOLUME III: STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT VII NORTH-EAST NIGERIA PREFACE Acronyms ACLED Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project NGO Non-Governmental Organisations BTS Base Transceiver Stations NPVRN Nigeria Political Violence Research Network CIMIC Civilian and Military Coordination NSRP Nigeria Stability and Reconciliation Programme CJTF Civilian Joint Task Force ONSA Office of the National Security Adviser CM-COORD Humanitarian Civilian Military Coordination O&M Operations and Maintenance CP Community Platforms PCNI Presidential Committee on the North-East Initiative CSO Civil Society Organizations PHC Public Health Centres DTM Displacement Tracking Matrix PINE Presidential Initiative for the North-East EPA Environmental Protection Agency PTSD Post-Tramautic Stress Disorder ERW Explosive Remnants of War PRC Project Management Consultants ESA European Space Agency PWD People with Disability EU European Union RPBA Recovery and Peace Building Assessment FEWSNET Famine Early Warning Systems Network RPBS Recovery and Peace Building Strategy FGN Federal Government of Nigeria RRR Repairs, Rehabilitation and Replacement FMOH Federal Ministry of Health RUWASSA Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency HDI Human Development Index SALW Small Arms and Light Weapons HRP Humanitarian Response Plan SARC Sexual Assault Referral Centre ICT Information and Communication Technology SBMC School-Based Management Committees IDPs Internally Displaced Persons SEMA State Emergency Management Agencies IED Improvised Explosive Device SGBV Sexual and Gender-Based Violence IGR Internally Generated Revenue SME Small and Medium Sized Enterprise INEC Independent National Electoral Commission Federal and State Ministries for Industry, Trade and SMEDAN Investment IOM International Organisation for Migration SWTWSSA Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation agencies IS Islamic State SWM Solid Waste Management ISWA International Solid Waste Association TVET Technical Vocational Education and Training LGA Local Government Areas UASC Unaccompanied and separated children MDA Ministries, Departments and Agencies UN United Nations MNJTF Multi-National Joint Task Force UNHAS United Nations Humanitarian Air Service MRRR Ministry of Reconstruction, Rehabilitation and Resettlement UNICEF United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund MTN Mobile Telephone Network USIP United States Institute of Peace M&E Monitoring and Evaluation USWA Urban State Water Agencies NEET Not in Education, Employment or Training UXO Unexploded Ordnance NEMA National Emergency Management Agency VAT Value Added Tax NERC North-East Reconstruction Project WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene NEST North-East States Transformation Strategy WB World Bank NDHS Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey VIII VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 : ADAMAWA LAND OF BEAUTY Adamawa Nigeria - Adamawa State: Reference Map 11.093292 12.093292 13.093292 Biusare Daushi o Birri Manicodo Ndikur Bajoga Bakite Tetiba Wawa MADAGALI Gonda Gulani Tongo Gara Bulla Wakili Balbaya Ninowa Wandali MICHIKA Kwaya Gadam Azume Wade Deba FulaniGwani Chani Wuyo Bahai Kafarati Difa Gombe Ungwa Canteen Bogundu MUBI NORTH Garin Lanotali Pelakombo HONG Deba Habe Gasi GOMBI MUBI SOUTH Jagale Kumo Kombo Goratoro Bella Kiba Maiha Galengo SHELLENG Goila Gujuba Guyok Wuro Alhaji Holma Kalmai Shellem Tula Zummu Ture GUYUK Banjiram SONG Song Buda Manga Lainde Dama Dumne MAIHA Sorau Bambam Chum Kiri Wurianka Geleng Wadirmu Mulke Barikin Sayejo Burak Dadiya Lamurde Konkul Ouro Ousmanou LAMURDE Borrong Faran Bambuka Waduku Jiberu Wuro Yolde Imburu Gereng Numan Demsa NUMAN Dong GIRERI Wafango e Pariya Bilachi nu DEMSA Bakaje Giri Tépé Be 9.303065 9.303065 Karim Lamido Wuro Malam Musa Damare Bali Ngurore Jimeta Lugga o Kunini Mayo Lope Dalehi YOLA SOUTHYola Kapo Joltare Lau Gaulire Wuro Hausa Muninga YOLA NORTH Mayo Ine Gujibabu Gurin Apawa Maya Belwa Dadin Kowa Yanpu Mika Zinna FUFORE Galadima Jarang Pajazam Mayo Faran Lagdo Reservoir Jalingo MAYO-BELWA Kechungu Barikin Sibre Kona Jabe Barasa Monkin Mbambe Fulani Nasarawa Vendu Nage Bakanti Sankemi Komni Tola Jada Dalami Lengdo Gangzonen JADA Mayo Haka FulaniJauro Belel Fan Manga Sulei Dayeri Gangjamare Damasi Denaba GurumpawaGanye CAMEROON Gang Kurin Sugu Chia Tapare Ganyatsum GANAYE Gamu Kiri Toungo Sayfo Dan Zomo Mayo Butale TOUNGO Kogin Baba e State Capital Benu Gayam Mayo Yim o Labare Airport Adagore Barua Paved roads Rivers Serti Local government areas Gashaka Other States 7.303065 7.303065 11.093292 12.093292 13.093292 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT 01 NORTH-EAST NIGERIA 1.1 Overview current status of the crisis, and the strategies for sustainable stabili- sation and recovery. This report contains detailed data and analysis 1.1.1 Key Facts from the data sheets collected and from the RPBA field mission to Adamawa. TABLE 1 The recovery and peace building process requires a holistic approach Adamawa at a glance that promotes peace, stability, and social cohesion by addressing the rehabilitation of infrastructure and social services while confronting State Adamawa underlying macroeconomic issues to overcome the nexus of instabili- Capital Yola ty, conflict, and deteriorating development. Lessons from other con- Area 36,917 km2 flict and crisis contexts highlight that rebuilding trust and cohesion Predominant languages Hausa, Fulfude is as essential as the restoration of services and reconstruction, eco- Population (2006 census) 3,178,950 nomic revitalisation, and building livelihoods. Based on the guiding IDPs (IOM, Dec. 2015) 136,000 principles laid out in the overall Strategic Recovery and Peace Building __ Main source(s) of income Agriculture (80% of population) Framework, needs have been identified in the three main areas of in- __ Governor Bindo Jibrilla tervention: (i) peace building, stability, and social cohesion, (ii) in- Governance 21 LGAs Internally Generated Revenue (2015) 3.97 billion Naira frastructure and social services, and (iii) economic recovery, totalling US$ 660 million for Adamawa. 1.1.2 RPBA Background and Key Findings 1.1.3 Overview and Pre-crisis Conditions The North-East Nigeria Recovery and Peace Building Assessment Once part of Gongola State, Adamawa was formally established as (RPBA) has been conducted under the leadership of the Government a state in 1991.While the seventh largest state in Nigeria and the of Nigeria in partnership with the European Union, United Nations, fifth largest in the North-East by area, Adamawa comprised just 0.43 and World Bank. The six states have driven the assessment process. percent of national GDP in 2009.1 Adamawa’s economy remains di- State focal points have guided the coordination of assessment and versified across livestock (37.1 percent of state GDP), real estate (23.0 sector focal points provided detailed data on damages and needs. The percent), crop production (16.6 percent), road transportation (6.8 data have been used to analyse the factors that induced the crisis, the percent), and wholesale and retail trade (6.6 percent). Adamawa has a strong agricultural base, mineral deposits, fresh water resources, and TABLE 2 energy sources. Summary of needs across the three areas of intervention in Adamawa 1.1.4 Impact of the Crisis The conflict in North-East Nigeria has had a deep impact on the Areas of intervention Estimated cost of interventions region. An estimated 20,000 lives have been lost, and nearly two US$ (millions) Naira million people have been forcibly displaced. The human, social, and (millions) economic losses of the conflict, and the investments for the recov- Peace building, stability, and social cohesion 27.6 5,500 Infrastructure and social services 594.8 118,970 ery, peace building, and reconstruction of the North-East, are over- Economic recovery 37.6 7,520 whelming. The sections below summarise the state-level findings of Total 659.9[1] 131,992 the RPBA in terms of the damages and resulting needs of Adamawa [1] Due to rounding, numbers presented in the tables throughout this State for peace building, stability, and social cohesion, infrastructure document may not add up precisely to the total. and social services as well as economic recovery. 02 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 : ADAMAWA 1.2 Peace Building, Stability, and BOX 1.1 Impact of the Crisis on Adamawa Social Cohesion Adamawa has been directly impacted by the Boko Haram crisis, both Restoring and enhancing peace, stability, and social cohesion consti- in terms of attacks and displacement. The impact on infrastructure and tutes the backbone of overall recovery efforts, and builds the founda- social services has been significant (US$ 829 million), representing nine tion for the effective and smooth implementation of all programme percent of the total damages in the six North-East states. Agriculture has interventions. The objective of this area of intervention is to assess been particularly hard hit (55 percent of total damages). and then address impacts of the conflict on the social fabric, as well as The conflict has also resulted in 136,000 Internally Displaced Persons on local governance and provision of justice, with particular attention (IDPs), 94 percent of whom live in host communities. The influx has to the effects on IDPs and host communities. Effective responses to put significant strain on the state economy, service delivery, and the so- these challenges will provide the social and political environment for cial fabric. sustainable recovery and longer-term development. The relevant line Given the fluidity of the security environment, careful and coordinated ministries worked with RPBA partners to provide detailed assessment sequencing of the RBPA and subsequent support will be critical to the data on the cost of recovery needs. recovery and peace building process in Adamawa. 1.2.1 Needs for Peace Building, Stability, and Social Cohesion The total needs for promoting peace building, stability, and social co- TABLE 3 hesion in Adamawa State are estimated at around US$ 27.5 million. Estimated needs for peace building, stability and social cohesion in Adamawa As a state directly impacted by conflict and displacement, social needs in Adamawa are greatest in the subcomponents of ‘local governance Sector Needs cost and citizen engagement’, and ‘safe and voluntarily return and resettle- US$ Naira ment of displaced persons’, at US$ 9.3 million and US$ 9.0 million, (millions) (millions) respectively. It is important to note that basic humanitarian needs for Safe and voluntary return and resettlement of 9 1,800 displaced persons the safe and voluntary return and resettlement of displaced persons, Reconciliation, peace building, and community 3.7 740 cohesion such as housing, service delivery, and livelihood support are account- Local governance and citizens engagement 9.3 1,860 ed for in the other areas of intervention. The peace building and so- Community security, justice, human rights, 5.6 1,120 cial cohesion needs not accounted for in other areas of intervention mine action and small arms control relate to the restitution of the social tissue, reconciliation, and peace Total 27.6 5,520 building, restoration of a sense of normalcy and needs of particular- ly vulnerable sub-groups of IDPs. Addressing the needs in a holistic and integrated manner is critical for sustainable recovery – certainly in Adamawa State – and is seen as a precondition for stability and key for sustainable recovery. Many issues addressed in peace building, stability, and social cohesion — and the recommended interventions — are preconditions of future stability and important efforts to over- come Adamawa’s long-term development challenges. VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT 03 NORTH-EAST NIGERIA 1.3 Infrastructure and Social Services TABLE 4 Summary of damages to infrastructure and social The sustainable restoration and improvement of infrastructure and services in Adamawa social services is crucial to societal normalisation and stabilisation in the crisis-affected areas, as well as for creating conditions for eventual US$ (millions) Naira (millions) IDPs returns or smooth integration into host communities. The rel- Agriculture 457.8 91,571 evant line ministries provided detailed assessment data on the cost of Education 57.9 11,595 damage attributable to the conflict. The key objectives of this assess- Energy 31.8 6,371 ment were to (i) characterise and estimate the impacts of the crisis on Environment 1.2 232 the physical infrastructure and social services; and (ii) identify needs Health 21.1 4,213 for the restoration and recovery of infrastructure and service delivery. Private housing 25.7 5,150 Public buildings 2.3 454 1.3.1 Impacts and Damages Related to Transport 73.8 14,760 Infrastructure and Social Services Water & sanitation 7.4 1,460 The overall impact of the conflict on infrastructure and social services Private enterprise 149.7 29,954 is estimated at nearly US$ 829 million. Agriculture accounts for the Total 828.8 165,760 largest share (55 percent) of the damages at US$ 458 million. The table below provides a detailed overview. In addition to these damages which can be directly related to Adamawa, the ICT sector across the TABLE 5 six states suffered damages of US$ 25 million, while the commerce Infrastructure and social services: estimated sector was impacted by a loss of US$ 915 million across the six states. needs by sector in Adamawa 1.3.2 Infrastructure and Social Service Needs US$ (millions) Naira (millions) The total recovery needs for the infrastructure and social service in- Agriculture 141.1 28,222 terventions are estimated at US$ 595 million. The highest needs arise Education 83 16,597 from agriculture (US$ 141 million), followed by social protection Energy 31.9 6,371 (US$ 94 million), education (US$ 83 million), and transport (US$ Environment 10.6 2,115 75 million). In addition, it is estimated that the ICT sector requires Health 50.6 10,127 recovery interventions of US$ 272 million across the six states. The Private Housing 15.7 3,145 table below provides an overview of the needs by sector. Public Buildings 40.3 8,068 Social Protection 93.8 18,753 Transport 74.5 14,906 Water & Sanitation 25.9 5,178 Community Infrastructure 27.4 5,488 Contingency Total 594.9 118,970 04 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 : ADAMAWA 1.4 Economic Impacts and TABLE 7 Estimated needs for economic recovery Recovery Needs Creating jobs and opportunities to earn a decent living is a critical step to ensure stability, reduce volatility, and protect the social sense Sector Needs costs of belonging, particularly for members of the affected communities US$ (millions) Naira (millions) and vulnerable youth. The assessment provides estimated impacts on Livelihood support and local 24.2 4,843 economic recovery local macroeconomics (output and price), which has further impli- Employment 13.4 2,670 cations for key sector activities and people’s livelihoods and employ- Total 37.6 7,513 ment. Recovery needs are recommended to restore livelihoods and promote employment to facilitate short-term economic stabilisation and tailored proposals for different groups of affected people such as: as well as to assist the state government to sustain economic recovery (i) general population in the North-East; (ii) IDPs; (iii) host commu- in the medium term. nities; (iv) returnees; and (v) vulnerable groups, which include youth, elderly, and women. The specific needs, as identified for the different 1.4.1 Macroeconomic impacts sub-components, are presented in Table 7. It is estimated that US$ 245 million is required for reviving the private sector and promot- The crisis has further aggravated the already weak development of ing trade across the six affected states, a substantial amount of which Adamawa. It is estimated that Adamawa suffered an accumulated out- will be required for Adamawa-related interventions. Livelihood sup- put loss measured by GDP of US$ 1.57 billion (Naira 314 billion) port and local economic recovery require US$ 24.2 million, while between 2011 and 2015, while prices rose by more than 10%. The the needs for employment schemes, training and support to women, combination of output loss and price increases implies a significant youth, and vulnerable groups add up to US$ 13.4 million. reduction in the welfare of residents in the state (Table 6). TABLE 6 Estimated impacts on state output and prices 2011-2015 GDP loss GDP loss Inflation, Inflation, State (US$, millions) (Naira, billions) All items Food Adamawa 1,570 314 10.4 9 Source: World Bank Staff estimate using the Central Bank of Nigeria data 1.4.2 Needs for Economic Recovery and Employment Recommendations for economic recovery are premised on an under- standing that socio-economic recovery in troubled communities is strongly linked to job creation and economic restoration. In view of this, other recommendations for implementing potential interven- tions include an inclusive, pro-poor approach to economic recovery VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT 05 NORTH-EAST NIGERIA 1.5 Detailed Sector Damages and Needs Tables for Adamawa State 1.5.1 Detailed Sector Damages for Adamawa State US$ Naira US$ Naira (millions) (millions) (millions) (millions) Agriculture Environment Agriculture mechanisation authority workshop 0.200 46 Forest/woodlots/wildlife 0.200 40 Poultry farm 0.500 10 Economic tree/orchards 0.100 20 Stores and other buildings 80.400 16080 Protected areas/national parks 0.200 40 Veterinary clinics 0.100 30 Waste management infrastructure 0.600 120 ADP/Fadama offices 0.300 60 Total 1.200 220 Farms/gardens 144.400 28876 Health Agricultural machinery and equipment 13.900 2784 Health posts 4.300 855 Seeds 0.200 48 PHC centres 9.500 1918 Pesticides 2.900 593 Secondary hospitals 7.200 1440 Fertilizers 0.180 36 Total 21.100 4213 Cattle 171.900 34386 Sheep/goats 23.300 4662 Housing Poultry 8.100 1620 Private housing 25.800 5150 Pigs 3.600 720 Health Horses & donkeys 0.800 165 Health posts 4.300 855 Fisheries 0.300 61 PHC centres 9.500 1918 Borehole 0.005 1 Secondary hospitals 7.200 1440 Markets 3.600 725 Total 21.100 4213 Processing industries 0.004 1 Public Buildings Research/extension institutions 1.200 250 Prisons 0.100 16 Transportation services 0.200 4 Audit offices 0.015 3 Agro-processing services 2.100 413 Police stations 0.100 19 Total 457.800 91571 Police barracks 0.100 18 Education Development area office 0.200 40 6-classroom block 20.700 4155 Cultural/historical buildings 0.400 83 Office block 4.500 894 Local Government building 0.300 61 Hand pump borehole 0.600 112 Ministry buildings 0.004 1 Motorised borehole/overhead tank 2.200 445 Other buildings 1.100 220 Latrines (2 blocks, each 3 compartments) 2.800 560 Total 2.300 460 Classroom rehabilitation 3.200 650 Transport Pupil seat 1.100 214 Federal road 32.300 3740 Teacher table & chair 0.100 18 State/LGA road 10.300 2070 Perimeter fence 22.700 4547 Bridges (6) 17.800 3564 Total 57.900 11595 Bus 0.400 77 Energy Car 0.900 180 Distribution substation Truck 0.600 111 11 kV/415 V 0.500 91 Bulldozer 2.000 400 33 kV/415 V 1.200 232 Paver 1.000 200 Distribution lines Excavator 1.000 200 33 kV 18.900 3784 Tractor 7.500 1500 11 kV 3.700 734 Total 73.800 12042 415-230 V 7.600 1530 Total 31.900 6371 06 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 : ADAMAWA US$ Naira US$ Naira (millions) (millions) (millions) (millions) Water and Sanitation Energy Water Damages Distribution substations 1.600 323 Total cost of damages to water infrastructure in 4.400 877 Distribution lines 30.200 6047 communities & institutions Total 31.900 6370 Sanitation Damages Environment Total cost of damages to institutional sanitation 3.000 599 infrastructure Forests, orchards, wetlands and protected areas 2.600 536 Total 7.400 1476 Solid waste management 4.000 795 ERW risk reduction 1.900 383 Debris management 2.000 401 1.5.2 Detailed Sector Needs for Adamawa State Total 10.600 2115 US$ Naira Health (millions) (millions) Health care facilities/infrastructure & equipment 23.000 4584 Agriculture Service provision (operational) 22.200 4435 Agricultural machinery and equipment 14.000 2784 Service provision (capital) 3.000 605 Storage and other buildings 81.000 16185 Health System restoration (capacity building) 0.400 71 Veterinary clinics and abattoirs 0.500 105 Health System Restoration (operational) 0.500 106 Boreholes 0.005 1 Governance & Early Warning Systems (capital) 0.400 80 Agro-processing services 2.100 413 Governance & Early Warning Systems 0.900 176 Food assistance 9.300 1865 (operational) Supplementary food assistance for 4 months of 9.500 1894 Risk mitigation (capital) 0.100 14 food around lean season Risk mitigation (operational) 0.300 60 Extension services 3.100 614 Total 50.600 10127 Input support in host communities 8.400 1688 Dry season vegetable support 3.900 772 Housing HH support for small-scale food processing & 0.300 60 Reconstruction of damaged houses 0.800 179 preservation Reconstruction of destroyed houses 14.800 2966 Support for sheep production 0.700 141 Total 15.700 3145 HH support for goat production 0.600 110 Public Buildings HH support for poultry production 2.700 539 Public building category 0.400 80 Crop production support for returnees 5.200 1048 Prisons 0.100 20 Total 141.100 28222 Post offices 1.900 375 Education Police stations 1.000 193 Construction of 6-classroom block 20.800 4155 Election offices 0.900 173 Office block 4.500 894 Development area office 16.100 3220 Hand pump borehole 0.600 112 Cultural/historical building 5.600 1120 Motorised borehole/overhead tank 2.200 445 Ministry buildings 6.000 1196 Latrines (2 blocks, each 3 compartments) 2.800 560 Project management 3.200 640 Classroom rehabilitation 3.200 650 Physical contingencies 3.500 700 Pupil seat 1.100 214 Cost contingencies 1.800 351 Teacher table & chair 0.100 18 Total 40.300 8068 Perimeter fence 22.700 4548 Transport Capital costs for IDPs education services 20.000 3994 Federal road 32.300 6460 Recurrent costs for IDP education services 5.000 1008 State/LGA road 10.400 2070 Total 83.000 16597 Bridges 17.800 3564 Project management & contingencies 14.100 2812 Total 74.500 14906 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT 07 NORTH-EAST NIGERIA US$ Naira US$ Naira (millions) (millions) (millions) (millions) Water and Sanitation Community Security, Justice, Human Rights, Small Arms Control and Mine Reconstruction and rehabilitation of water 7.600 1515 Action infrastructure in communities, institutions, and Establishment of SARC 0.200 45 public buildings ICT for case management 0.100 18 Reconstruction and rehabilitation of sanitation 4.000 796 Training 1.100 224 infrastructure in institutions and public buildings Assessments and studies 0.100 11 Construction of new water infrastructure for host 3.400 681 communities & provision for IDPs return areas Model/pilot projects 1.000 199 Construction of new water & sanitation 0.900 170 Micro grants 0.200 38 infrastructure in public places for host Services (oversight, outreach, advocacy) 0.300 68 communities and IDPs return areas Mine Action Emergency risk education campaign 0.400 90 Sanitation & hygiene promotion in IDPs return 1.800 357 Mine Action integrated survey of hazardous 0.700 149 areas, host communities and Institutions areas with risk education and explosive ordnance Institutional support and capacity development 8.300 1660 disposal Total 25.900 5178 Mine Action victim assistance needs assessment 1.100 227 and individual rehabilitation response Community Infrastructure Contingency Community participation on security/SALW 0.100 20 Total 27.400 5488 awareness and reduction in the North-East enhanced through provision of advocacy and Safe and Voluntarily Return and Resettlement of Displaced Persons sensitisation the dangers of SALWs Support and strengthen broader access to basic 0.300 53 Capacity of security apparatus in the North- 0.200 30 needs at local level for new IDPs and IDPs with East strengthened through the provision of no intention to return in short to medium term best practices in border security and stockpile Initiatives supporting separated/unaccompanied 1.600 315 management. children IDPs and returnees Total 5.600 1117 Psycho-social support to affected population, 2.000 402 including IDPs, returnees, and host community Livelihood Support and Local Economic Recovery members Restoration of disrupted and destroyed basic 15.600 3111 Preventing gender-based violence in host 1.900 379 livelihood economic assets communities and camps Development, strengthening and diversification of 2.900 580 Initiatives supporting elderly and widows 0.100 13 relevant market related skills for self-employment Initiatives to facilitate, support and sustain 3.200 642 Establishment, development and strengthening of 4.400 881 voluntary return Agriculture based value chains and agro processing centres Total 9.000 1804 Establishment, development and strengthening of 1.400 271 Reconciliation, Peace Building and Community Cohesion natural resources based and solid minerals value Prison facilities for de-radicalisation programme 0.200 45 chains and enterprises Training 1.400 284 Total 24.200 4843 DDR technical assistance 0.300 67 Employment Assessments and studies 0.100 11 Strengthen institutional capacity of state 1.000 192 Micro grants 0.500 90 employment centres and related institutions Social fund for CSOs 0.500 90 General programme for labour force skills 3.000 590 development Outreach and advocacy 0.700 142 Women empowerment through skills training for 5.900 1180 Total 3.700 720 employment Local Governance and Citizen Participation Youth empowerment through skills training for 3.500 708 Establishment and support to community 5.800 1177 employment platforms Total 13.400 2670 Training 3.100 621 Policy dialogue and mentoring 0.300 60 Total 9.300 1858 08 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 2 : BAUCHI PEARL OF TOURISM Bauchi Nigeria - Bauchi State: Reference Map 8.537653 9.537653 10.537653 Gwauran Maje Unguwar Baka Dan Ladi Dunari Teshegwa Katamma Medu Kaugama Gadua Bilabirin Tagwaye Kanya Baba Garki Fagan Kawo Kore Unguwar Danya Karama Dakayawa Gurka Jakusko Kore Limawa Majiya Sabon GariMarke Kinsha Bidawa Katagum Kunya Sankara Taura Keffin Hausa Sabon Gari Makawa Budua Dagazo Zeddi Gunka Harbo Gamawa Gezawa Bulangu Kwartawar Filani Jahun Majiri Zago Aujara ZAKI Sandigalou o Wangara Balare GAMAWA Kafin Karva Maje Doma Mamajo Dawasa Gatafoa Udubo Gogel Larabawa Lajawa Abalago ITAS/GADAU Zindiwa Gaya Duru Itas Gano Gadau Udubo Wudil Andelewa Tsakuwa DutseShiwari Kiyawa Lizai Madara Utai Jidawa Lafia Bunkure Katanga JAMA'ARE Dagauda KATAGUM Dambam Garko Gantsa Bulkachuwa Hamdullahi Lafara Madobi Sarina Kukin Burera DAMBAN Sundimina Jalam Sabou Isawa Shana Kibiya Sumaila Kachako Dumus SHIRA Zaba Chinade Dindibus Falali Kumuo Duguruma Guna Iggi Shira Fagurum Chana Wurnu Zigau Lanpo Hardawa Hayin Denu Giade Gani MISAU Sade Birnin Bako GIADE Kila Kukuta Badungu Ziawa Sitti Shiwaki Jarmowo Shamaki Kari Rafin Kenki Sabon Gari Warji Farin Dutse DARAZO Burji 11.134109 11.134109 Banga WARJI Basirka Gwanda Lumbu Ningi Bungan Ningi Bulama Manakwa Yaryasa NINGI Burra Darazo Malala Fulani Dokoro Ugumji Zakara Jerkoya Miya Maro Kalasu Rafin Dinga Jangu Zenabi Sogaga Kwangi Ririwai GANJUWA Dadin Kowa Kari Kafin Madaki Nape Sabon Gari Makarfai Nasarawa Angawan Kutari Bomala Bahawa Rauta Diri Dan Alhaji Taura Bauchi Dababe Rahama Bauchi Lame Gubi Rahama Makera TORO Bokoki KIRFI Jengre o o Ramin Kura Bauda Ririwan Dalma Dungel Ako Amon Kasa Bisa Zaranda BAUCHI Gidanjo Garun Kurama Fuskam Mata Gukaru Rinjim Mukur Tukulma Karambana Zungur Lugge Tilden Fulani DASS Liman Katagum Dagli Mun Jos Gigyara o Barakin Delimi Sabuwa Miango ALKALERI TAFAWA-BALEWA Pari Barikin Gidar KanatShen Tafawa Balewa Bisichi Boto Dull Kuru Mai IdontoroKadunu Bogoro Gobiyan Kasuwa o State Capital BOGORO Gindiri o Airport Barakin Ladi Mongu Mongu Arna Kanam Paved roads Geriam Ganjuwa Gashish Dawaki Panyam Amper Dengi Rivers Shiwer Bashar Lankan Bokkos Local government areas Gwaktok Rek Zurak Mongun Karfel Other States Muri Tipap 9.134109 9.134109 Mushere 8.537653 9.537653 10.537653 The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Developed only for humanitarian activities purposes. VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT 09 NORTH-EAST NIGERIA Overview The recovery and peace building process requires a holistic approach that promotes peace, stability, and social cohesion by addressing the rehabili- tation of infrastructure and social services while confronting underlying 2.1.1 Key Facts macroeconomic issues to overcome the nexus of instability, conflict, and TABLE 8 deteriorating development. Lessons from other conflict and crisis con- texts highlight that rebuilding trust and cohesion is as essential as the Bauchi at a glance restoration of services and reconstruction, economic revitalisation, and State Bauchi building livelihoods. Based on the guiding principles laid out in the Capital Bauchi overall Strategic Recovery and Peace Building Framework, needs have been __ __ Area 49,119 km2 identified in the three main areas of intervention: (i) peace building, sta- Predominant languages Hausa bility, and social cohesion, (ii) infrastructure and social services (iii) eco- Population (2006 census) 4,653,066 nomic recovery, totalling US$ 268 million for Bauchi. IDPs (IOM Dec. 2015) 70,000 Main source(s) of income Agriculture (80% of population) 2.1.3 Overview and Pre-crisis Conditions Governor Mohammed Abdullahi Abubakar Bauchi was formed in 1976 when the former North-East State was bro- Governance 20 LGAs ken up. The former North-East State originally included the area now in Internally Generated Revenue (2015) 4.53 billion Naira Gombe State, which became a distinct state in 1996. Bauchi is the fourth largest state in the country and the third largest in the North-East region, covering a land area of 49,248 square kilometres (19,014 square miles).2 2.1.2 RPBA Background and Key Findings It is also the most populous State among all six North-East states, with a total population of 4,653,066 people in the 2006 Census. The North-East Nigeria Recovery and Peace Building Assessment (RPBA) was conducted under the leadership of the Government of Nige- Agriculture is the mainstay of Bauchi’s economy. About 80 percent of ria in partnership with the European Union, United Nations and World the inhabitants in the region engage in the production of food and cash Bank. The six states have driven the assessment process. State focal points crops, but on small-scale basis. The major crops produced in the state have guided the coordination of assessment and sector focal points have are cotton, maize, groundnuts, millet, guinea corn, rice, beans, sesame provided detailed data on damage and needs. The data have been used to seeds, and gum arabic.3 The state also has deposits of mineral resources, analyse the factors that induced the crisis, the current status of the crisis, including cassiterite limestone, kaolin, gypsum, antimony, iron ore, gold, and the strategies for sustainable stabilisation and recovery. This report marble, columbine, and zinc, but mining activities have also been con- contains detailed data and analysis from the data sheets collected and ducted at small scales. In 2010, the World Bank rated Bauchi State as the from the RPBA field mission to Bauchi. 10th best place to do business and the 21st best place to start a business, among all 36 states of Nigeria.4 TABLE 9 Summary of needs across the three areas of 2.1.4 Impact of the Crisis intervention in Bauchi The conflict in North-East Nigeria has had a deep impact on the region. An estimated 20,000 lives have been lost, and nearly two million people have been forcibly displaced. The human, social, and economic losses of Areas of intervention Estimated cost of interventions the conflict, and the investments for the recovery, peace building, and Naira US$ (millions) (millions) reconstruction of the North-East, are overwhelming. The sections below Peace building, stability, and social cohesion 23.9 4,783 summarise the state level findings of the RPBA in terms of the damages Infrastructure and social services 202.9 40,578 and resulting needs for Bauchi State, across peace building, stability, and Economic recovery 41.4 8,285 social cohesion, infrastructure and social services as well as economic re- Total 268.2 53,646 covery. 10 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 2 : BAUCHI 2.2 Peace Building, Stability, and TABLE 10 Estimated needs for peace building, stability and Social Cohesion social cohesion in Bauchi Restoring and enhancing peace, stability and social cohesion consti- tutes the backbone of the overall recovery efforts, and builds the foun- Sector Needs cost dation for the effective and smooth implementation of all programme Naira US$ (millions) interventions. The objective of this area of intervention is to assess (millions) and then address the impacts of conflict on the social fabric and on Safe and voluntary return and resettlement of 8.6 1727 displaced persons local governance and provision of justice, with particular attention Reconciliation, peace building and community 3.5 695 to the effects on IDPs and host communities. Effective responses to cohesion these challenges will provide the social and political environment for Local governance and citizens engagement 8.8 1769 sustainable recovery and longer-term development. The relevant line Community security, justice, human rights, 23 592 mine action, small arms control ministries worked with RPBA partners to provide detailed assessment Total 23.9 4783 data on the cost of recovery needs. 2.2.1 Needs for Peace Building, Stability, and Social Cohesion The total needs for promoting peace building, stability, and social cohesion in Bauchi State are estimated at around US$ 23.9 million. Under this component, social needs in Bauchi are greatest in the sub- components of ‘local governance and citizen engagement’ and ‘safe and voluntarily return and resettlement of displaced persons’, at US$ 8.8 million and US$ 8.6 million respectively. It is important to note that basic humanitarian needs for the safe and voluntary return/ reset- tlement of IDPs, such as housing, service delivery, and livelihood sup- port are accounted for in the other areas of intervention. The peace building and social cohesion needs not accounted for in other areas of intervention relate to the restitution of the social tissue, reconcilia- tion, and peace building, restoration of a sense of normalcy and needs of particularly vulnerable sub-groups of IDPs. Addressing the needs in a holistic and integrated manner is critical for sustainable recovery and is seen as a precondition for stability and key for sustainable re- covery. Many issues addressed in peace building, stability, and social cohesion — and the recommended interventions — are precondi- tions of future stability and important efforts to overcome Bauchi’s long-term development challenges. VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT 11 NORTH-EAST NIGERIA 2.3 Infrastructure and Social Services TABLE 11 Summary of damages to infrastructure and social The sustainable restoration and improvement of infrastructure and services in Bauchi social services is crucial to societal normalisation and stabilisation in the crisis-affected areas, as well as for creating conditions for eventual US$ (millions) Naira (millions) IDPs returns or smooth integration into host communities. The rel- Agriculture 7.6 1,513 evant line ministries provided detailed assessment data on the cost of Education 11.6 2,313 damage attributable to the conflict. The key objectives of this assess- Environment 0.018 4 ment were to (i) characterise and estimate the impact of the crisis on Health 27.8 5,565 the physical infrastructure and social services; and (ii) identify needs Private housing 1.2 240 for the restoration and recovery of infrastructure and service delivery. Public buildings 2.3 467 Private enterprise 0.04 8 2.3.1 Impacts and Damages Related to Total 50.5 10,109 Infrastructure and Social Services The overall impact of the conflict on infrastructure and social services is estimated at US$ 51 million. Health accounts for 55 percent of the damages at $28 million, with significant impact also noted in the education and agriculture sectors, with $12 million and $8 million in damages, respectively. Table 11 provides a detailed overview. In TABLE 12 addition to these damages which can be directly related to Bauchi, the Damages to infrastructure and social services: ICT sector across the six states suffered damages of US$ 25 million, estimated needs by sector in Bauchi while the commerce sector was impacted by a loss of US$ 915 million across all six states. US$ (millions) Naira (millions) Agriculture 36.6 7,321 2.3.2 Infrastructure and Social Service Needs Education 23.5 4,695 The total recovery needs for the infrastructure and social service Environment 2.7 548 interventions are estimated at US$ 203 million. The biggest needs Health 29.3 5,857 arise from social protection (US$ 91 million), followed by agriculture Private housing 0.7 140 (US$ 37 million), and health (US$ 29 million). In addition, it is Public buildings 6.7 1,339 estimated that the ICT sector requires recovery interventions of US$ Social protection 91.1 18,216 272 million across the six states. Table 12 provides an overview of the Water & sanitation 5.8 1,158 needs by sector. Community Infrastructure 6.5 1,305 Contingency Total 202.9 40,578 12 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 2 : BAUCHI 2.4 Economic Impacts and TABLE 14 Estimated needs for economic recovery Recovery Needs Creating jobs and opportunities to earn a decent living is a critical Sector Needs costs step to ensure stability, reduce volatility, and protect the social sense of US$ (millions) Naira (millions) belonging, particularly for members of the affected communities and Livelihood support and local 23.1 4,612 vulnerable youth. The assessment provides estimated impacts on local economic recovery Employment 18.4 3,672 macroeconomics (output and price), which have further implications Total 41.4 8,285 for key sector activities, livelihoods and employment. Recovery needs are recommended to restore livelihoods and promote employment nities; (iv) returnees; and (v) vulnerable groups, which include youth, to facilitate short-term economic stabilisation as well as to assist the elderly, and women. The specific needs, as identified for the different state government to sustain economic recovery in the medium term. subcomponents, are presented in Table 14. It is estimated that US$ 245 million are required for reviving the private sector and promoting 2.4.1 Macroeconomic Impacts trade across the six affected states, a substantial amount of which will The crisis has further aggravated the already weak development of be required for Bauchi-related interventions. Livelihood support and Bauchi. It is estimated that Bauchi suffered an accumulated output local economic recovery require $23.1 million, while the needs for loss measured by GDP of US$ 431.5 million (Naira 86.3 billion) employment schemes, training and support to women, youth and between 2011 and 2015. Meanwhile, prices deflated by 4.5 percent vulnerable groups sum up to $18.4 million. for all items, while food prices deflated by 22.6 percent (Table 13). TABLE 13 Estimated impacts on state output and prices 2011-2015 GDP loss GDP loss Inflation, All Inflation, State (US$, millions) (Naira, billions) items Food Bauchi 431.5 86.3 -4.5 -22.6 Source: World Bank Staff estimate using the Central Bank of Nigeria data 2.4.2 Needs for Economic Recovery and Employment Recommendations for economic recovery are premised on an under- standing that socio-economic recovery in troubled communities is strongly linked to job creation and economic restoration. In view of this, other recommendations for implementing potential interven- tions include an inclusive, pro-poor approach to economic recovery and tailored proposals for different groups of affected people such as: (i) general population in the North-East; (ii) IDPs; (iii) host commu- VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT 13 NORTH-EAST NIGERIA 2.5 Detailed Sector Damages and Needs Tables for Bauchi State 2.5.1 Detailed Sector Damages for Bauchi State US$ Naira (millions) (millions) Education US$ Naira (millions) (millions) Construction of 6-classroom block 2.100 410 Agriculture Office block 0.400 82 Farmland 7.500 1,500 Hand pump borehole 0.100 11 Cattle 0.100 12 Motorised borehole/overhead tank 0.200 39 Sheep 0.003 1 Latrines (2 blocks, each 3 compartments) 0.300 55 Goat 0.001 0 Classroom rehabilitation 5.400 1,083 Total 7.600 1,513 Pupil seat 1.000 197 Teacher table & chair 0.100 17 Environment Perimeter fence 2.100 419 Forest /woodlots/wildlife 0.001 0.2 Capital costs for IDP education services 9.500 1,902 Economic tree/orchards 0.017 3.4 Recurrent costs for IDP education services 2.400 480 Total 0.018 4 Subtotal 23.500 4,695 Health Health posts 13.500 2,693 Environment PHC centres 11.500 2,291 Forests, Orchards, Wetlands and Protected Areas 0.200 45 Comprehensive health centres 0.200 41 Solid Waste Management 2.500 503 Secondary hospitals 2.700 540 Subtotal 2.700 548 Total 27.800 5,565 Health Housing Health care facilities/infrastructure & equipment 20.500 4,097 Private housing 1.200 240 Service provision (operational) 7.000 1,408 Service provision (capital) 1.000 192 Public Buildings Health system restoration (capacity building) 0.100 22 Prisons 0.000 6 Health system restoration (operational) 0.200 34 Audit offices 0.000 3 Governance & Early Warning systems (capital) 0.100 24 Police stations 0.900 182 Governance & Early Warning systems 0.300 56 Police barracks 0.100 17 (operational) Cultural/historical buildings 0.800 160 Risk mitigation (capital) 0.024 5 Local Government buildings 0.100 23 Risk mitigation (operational) 0.100 19 Other buildings 0.400 76 Subtotal 29.300 5,857 Total 2.300 467 Housing 2.5.2 Detailed Sector Needs for Bauchi State Reconstruction of destroyed houses 0.700 140 Subtotal 0.700 140 US$ Naira (millions) (millions) Public Buildings Agriculture Public building category 0.300 61 Food assistance 6.900 1,381 Prisons 0.100 29 Extension services 1.200 246 Post offices 1.800 354 Input support in host communities 17.600 3,513 Police stations 0.200 32 Dry season vegetable support 2.500 494 Development area office 0.600 129 HH support for small-scale food processing & 0.100 20 Cultural/historical buildings 0.600 124 preservation Ministry buildings 1.700 330 Support for sheep production 0.300 60 Project management 0.500 106 HH support for goat production 0.200 40 Physical contingencies 0.600 116 HH support for poultry production 1.100 220 Cost contingencies 0.300 58 Crop production support for returnees 6.700 1,340 Subtotal 6.700 1,339 Subtotal 36.600 7,321 14 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 2 : BAUCHI US$ Naira US$ Naira (millions) (millions) (millions) (millions) Water & Sanitation Community Security, Justice, Human Rights, Small Arms Control and Mine Reconstruction and rehabilitation of water 0.300 69 Action infrastructure in communities, institutions and Establishment of SARC 0.200 43 public buildings ICT for case management 0.100 17 Reconstruction and rehabilitation of sanitation 0.300 69 Training 1.100 213 infrastructure in institutions and public buildings Assessments and studies 0.100 11 Construction of new water infrastructure for host 1.000 193 communities & provision for IDPs return areas Model/pilot projects 0.900 189 Construction of new water & sanitation 0.200 48 Micro grants 0.200 36 infrastructure in public places for IDPs host Services (oversight, outreach, advocacy) 0.300 64 communities and return areas Mine Action emergency risk education campaign 0.009 2 Sanitation & hygiene promotion in IDPs host 0.700 138 Mine Action victim assistance needs assessment 0.024 5 communities and IDPs return areas and individual rehabilitation response Institutional support and capacity development 3.200 640 Community participation on security/SALW 0.100 12 Subtotal 5.800 1,158 awareness and reduction in the North-East enhanced through provision of advocacy and Community Infrastructure Contingency sensitisation the dangers of SALWs Subtotal 6.500 1,305 Subtotal 3.000 592 Safe and Voluntarily Return and Resettlement of Displaced Persons Livelihood Support and Local Economic Recovery Support and strengthen broader access to basic 0.300 53 Restoration of disrupted and destroyed basic 14.800 2,963 needs at local level for new IDPs and IDPs with livelihood economic assets no intention to return in short to medium term Development, strengthening, and diversification 2.800 552 Initiatives supporting separated/unaccompanied 1.500 303 of relevant market related skills for self- children IDPs and Returnees employment Psycho-social support to affected population, 1.900 385 Establishment, development, and strengthening 4.200 839 including IDPs, returnees and host community of Agriculture based value chains and agro members processing centres Preventing gender-based violence in host 1.800 361 Establishment, development and strengthening 1.300 258 communities and camps of natural resources based and solid minerals Initiatives supporting elderly and widows 0.100 13 value chains and enterprises Initiatives to facilitate, support and sustain 3.100 612 Subtotal 23.100 4,612 voluntary return Employment Subtotal 8.600 1,727 Strengthen institutional capacity of state 1.000 192 Reconciliation, Peace Building and Community Cohesion employment centres and related institutions Prison facilities for de-radicalisation programme 0.200 43 General programme for labour force skills 4.100 829 development Training 1.400 270 Women empowerment through skills training for 8.300 1,658 DDR technical assistance 0.300 64 employment Assessments and studies 0.100 11 Youth empowerment through skills training for 5.000 995 Micro grants 0.400 86 employment Social fund for CSOs 0.400 86 Subtotal 18.400 3,672 Outreach and advocacy 0.700 136 *Estimated needs presented in this table exclude water and sanitation-related Subtotal 3.500 695 infrastructure costs in schools and health centres as these are covered under Education & Local Governance and Citizen Participation Health sectors, respectively. Establishment and support to community 5.600 1,121 platforms Training 3.000 591 Policy dialogue and mentoring 0.300 58 Subtotal 8.800 1,769 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT 15 NORTH-EAST NIGERIA HOME OF PEACE Borno Nigeria - Borno State: Reference Map 11.491480 12.491480 13.491480 14.491480 CHAD 13.699866 13.699866 NIGER Abadan Yo Zabulum Arege ABADAM GashagarDalleri Limbori Kaririwa Togua Rungoram Yebi Bandi Lake Chad Gawule BabillaDiru Kabela Abara Dugu Baga Bulanguaram Kustari Kincha Ndi Zari Damasak Agiri Jajibiriri MOBBAR Kagarwa Bagayam KUKAWA Maursuri Kauwa Gadéré Dudu Kukawa Damnawa Geidam Dan Kariwa Karetu GUZAMALA Chirawa Koroforti Kariari Kelluri Gesada Buruta Maganwa Dellawa Putchimiram Karelto Kanguri Karba Barwati Baiomari Bundi Badu Shettimari Monguno GUBIO Bulabulin Jilli Doili Sabsabwa Gumsa Kusur Ngelewa NGANZAI Gajiram Magaram Zogodo Kingoa MONGUNO Bundi Umarniram MARTE Yasku Bida Mulma Gambaru Marte Dumburum Maiba Bornu Yassu Degemram Damakuli Kailu Lantewa Zunfur Mogolo Galtaru Ala Chungul Bulturi MAGUMERI NGALA Shegau Gorigiri Biriri Kesangala Mafa Kawia Magumeri Kilborani DabalamBariri Chungul Jabarari Hassanari Kalizoram MAFA Dikwa KALA/BALGE Ayaba Lumda Gabai Malewa JERE Sogoma Mola Alagarno Kailalawa Gongolon Mafa Jarawa Labado Bolori Limanti DIKWA Dabugu Mulehe Muzine o Kesawa Auno Masho Beni SheikMainok Pompomari Taburge Karuonguwa Ngabarawa MAIDUGURI Dungusiri Jemuri Belile Bamma DankalwaNgamdu Murguba Wamuri Shigabaja 11.699866 11.699866 Murba Damaturu Marguba Koutelaha Garin Basam Dalwa WestAjiri KasagulaKonduga Najiri KAGA KONDUGA Gulumba Gana Barguma Tarteri Fellatari Bokwari Amindoli Bolkolo Gujiba Masba Didiri Malabi BAMA Wuro Bara Gujba Goniri Doyo Gaou Maudori Urga Nugurosoye Ngarbia Fulani Unye Ambia Galdekore Bembem Kuwa Yajiwa Bulabulin Kumshe Dure Dipchari Jamtari Jokwa Magdewerne Dibbwol Mutwe Gwagwari Mutube Talagala Jemyeri Sendowa Mulgai Tokombere Buni Kéraoua Zugu Doksa Galmaska Damboa GWOZA Kokuwa Agum Gwoza Gabai DAMBOA Biusare Daushi o Ndikur Bakite Tetiba CHIBOK BIU Gonda Gulani Gara Bulla Balbaya ASKIRA/UBA Ninowa Wandali CAMEROON Kwaya Wade HAWUL Gwani KWAYA KUSAR Chani Wuyo Bahai BAYO State Capital Bogundu Pelakombo o Gasi Airport Jagale SHANI Paved roads Kombo Goratoro Bella Kiba Maiha Galengo Goila Rivers Guyok Holma Wuro Alhaji Shellem Zummu Local government areas Banjiram Song CHAD Buda Manga Lainde Dama Dumne Sorau Other States 9.699866 9.699866 11.491480 12.491480 13.491480 14.491480 16 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 : BORNO 3.1 Overview The recovery and peace building process requires a holistic approach that promotes peace, stability, and social cohesion by addressing the rehabilitation of infrastructure and social services while confronting 3.1.1 Key Facts underlying macroeconomic issues to overcome the nexus of instabili- ty, conflict, and deteriorating development. Lessons from other con- TABLE 15 flict and crisis contexts highlight that rebuilding trust and cohesion is Borno at a glance as essential as the restoration of services and reconstruction, economic revitalisation, and building livelihoods. This is particularly important State Borno for Borno, where the security situation is still fragile in many local Capital Maiduguri government areas (LGAs). Activities will thus be implemented in a Area 70,898 km2 phased approach, where stabilisation and recovery activities will be Predominant languages Kanuri, Ganergu, Wula, Marghi, first carried out in those areas that have successfully overcome the Mandara, Shuwa, Arabic conflict. Population (2006 census) 4,171,104 IDPs (IOM Dec. 2015) 1,434,149 Based on the guiding principles laid out in the overall Strategic Recov- __ Main source(s) of income Agriculture ery and Peace Building Framework, needs have been identified in the __ Governor Mr. Kashim Shettima three main areas of intervention: (i) peace building, stability, and so- Governance 27 LGAs cial cohesion, (ii) infrastructure and social services; and (iii) economic Internally Generated Revenue (2015) 9.92 billion Naira recovery, totalling more than US$ 4 billion for Borno. 3.1.3 Overview and Pre-crisis Conditions 3.1.2 RPBA Background and Key Findings Borno State, created in 1976, is located in the North-Eastern cor- ner of Nigeria, bordering Niger, Chad, and Northern Cameroon. Its The North-East Nigeria Recovery and Peace Building Assessment location and proximity to Lake Chad puts Borno at an important (RPBA) was conducted under the leadership of the Government of crossroad for trade with neighbouring countries and other parts of Nigeria in partnership with the European Union, United Nations, Nigeria. The economy is largely agrarian, with livestock husband- and World Bank. The six states have driven the assessment process. ry, irrigated agriculture, and fishing on Lake Chad dominating the State focal points have guided the coordination of assessment, and economic activities of the population. Industry is still developing in sector focal points provided detailed data on damage and needs. The Borno, which accounts for less than one percent of Nigeria’s national data have been used to analyse the factors that induced the crisis, the current state of the crisis, and the strategies for sustainable stabili- industrial output. sation and recovery. This report contains detailed data and analysis from the data sheets collected and from the RPBA field mission to 3.1.4 Impact of the Crisis Borno in February 2016. The conflict in North-East Nigeria has had a deep impact on the region. An estimated 20,000 lives have been lost, and nearly two TABLE 16 million people have been forcibly displaced. The human, social, and Summary of needs across the three areas of economic losses of the conflict, and the investments for the recov- intervention in Borno ery, peace building, and reconstruction of the North-East, are over- whelming. Borno has without question been the state most affected Areas of intervention Estimated cost of interventions by the conflict. Three quarters of the damages recorded by the assess- US$ (millions) Naira (billions) ment were found in Borno (US$ 6.9 billion), while nearly two-thirds Peace building, stability and social cohesion 37.8 7,560 of the needs come from the state that has been the epicentre of the Infrastructure and social services 3,933.3 798,666 crisis (US$ 3.9 billion). The sections below summarise the state level Economic recovery 68.8 13,760 findings of the RPBA in terms of the damages and resulting needs for Total 4,039.9 807,982 Borno State. VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT 17 NORTH-EAST NIGERIA BOX 3.2 3.2 Peace Building, Stability, and Impact of the Crisis on Borno Social Cohesion The epicentre of the Boko Haram conflict, Borno has borne the Restoring and enhancing peace, stability and social cohesion constitutes the brunt of the violence that has plagued the North-East in recent years. backbone of the overall recovery efforts, and builds the foundation for the Borno State has felt the direct impact of Boko Haram attacks – in- effective and smooth implementation of all programmatic interventions. The cluding abduction, displacement, structural damage and social-eco- objective of this area of intervention is to assess and then address the impacts nomic impacts – more than any other state in Nigeria. The displaced of conflict on the social fabric and on local governance and provision of jus- population in Borno reached more than 1.4 million people as of 31 tice, with particular attention to the effects on IDPs and host communities. December 2015, representing more than three quarters of the total Effective responses to these challenges will provide the social and political IDP population displaced by the conflict. IDPs make up more than environment for sustainable recovery and longer-term development. The relevant line ministries worked with RPBA partners to provide detailed as- one third of the total population of Borno, putting an extraordinary sessment data on the cost of recovery needs. burden on many host communities and the already deteriorated in- frastructure and services. In addition to the IDPs living in host com- 3.2.1 Needs for Peace Building, Stability, and munities, 19 IDPs camps have been set up, hosting nearly 100,000 Social Cohesion people. The majority of IDPs are concentrated in Maiduguri, dou- bling the size of its population in two years. The total needs for promoting peace building, stability, and social cohe- sion in Borno are estimated at around US$ 37.8 million. Needs are great- As the state most affected by conflict and displacement, Borno has est in the subcomponents of safe and voluntary return and resettlement of disproportionally experienced some of the most drastic impacts in displaced persons, and local governance and citizen engagement, at US$ terms of social cohesion and community security. Parts of the state 11.3 million and US$ 11.9 million respectively. It is important to note remain in control of Boko Haram, while others recovered by the that critical needs for the safe and voluntary return/resettlement of IDPs, Armed Forces remain unstable. Terrorist attacks are still frequent, such as housing, service delivery, and economic activities, are accounted and the prevalence of mines and unexploded ordnance continue to for in the other areas of intervention. The peace building and social co- hesion needs not accounted for in other areas of intervention relate to the pose a threat to the populace, particularly those trying to return to restitution of the social tissue, reconciliation, and peace building, resto- their farmland. When combined with the widespread damage to both ration of a sense of normalcy and needs of particularly vulnerable sub- private and public infrastructure, these factors dramatically affect the groups of IDPs. Addressing the needs in a holistic and integrated manner likelihood, desire and capacity of IDPs to return to their places of is critical for success – certainly in Borno – and seen as a precondition for origin, even after these areas are secured. The rise of the Civilian Joint stability and key for sustainable recovery. Many issues addressed in peace Task Forces and vigilante groups as a response to Boko Haram has building, stability, and social cohesion —and the recommended inter- also increased the level of community insecurity due to the wide- ventions — are preconditions for future stability and important efforts to spread presence of weapons and the fact that some have resorted to overcome Borno’s long-term development challenges. crime as a means of livelihoods. The housing, agricultural and education sectors have been particular- TABLE 17 ly affected. Some 95% of the damage suffered in the housing sector Estimated needs for peace building, stability, and throughout the North-East has occurred in Borno. Many farmers social cohesion in Borno and herders have fled the area and are unable to cultivate their fields, Sector Needs cost while many areas are unsafe to access due to the presence of landmin- US$ (millions) Naira (billions) es. Schools have been used as IDP camps, and many secondary and Safe and voluntary return and resettlement of 11.3 2,264 primary schools have been destroyed. Similarly, many clinics and pri- displaced persons mary health facilities have been damaged or destroyed, while doctors, Reconciliation, peace building and community 4.7 939 cohesion nurses and teachers have been killed during the conflict. Major parts Local governance and citizens engagement 11.9 2,388 of Borno are still not accessible due to continuing insecurity. Given Community security, justice, human rights, 9.8 1,965 the fluidity of the security environment, careful and coordinated se- mine action, small arms control quencing of the RBPA and subsequent support will be critical to the Total 37.8 7,556 recovery and peace building process in Borno. 18 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 : BORNO 3.3 Infrastructure and Social Services TABLE 18 Summary of damages to infrastructure and social The sustainable restoration and improvement of infrastructure and services in Borno social services is crucial to societal normalisation and stabilisation in the crisis-affected areas, as well as for creating conditions for eventual US$ (millions) Naira (millions) IDPs returns or smooth integration into host communities. The rel- Agriculture 2,377.7 475,546 Education 143.8 28,760 evant line ministries provided detailed assessment data on the cost of Energy 16.0 3,207 damage attributable to the conflict. The key objectives of this assess- Environment 2.9 579 ment were to (i) characterise and estimate the impact of the crisis on Health 59.0 11,799 the physical infrastructure and social services; and (ii) identify needs Private housing 3,179.0 635,800 for the restoration and recovery of infrastructure and service delivery. Public buildings 15.3 3,053 Transport 306.1 61,228 3.3.1 Impacts and Damages Related to Water & sanitation 35.0 7,004 Infrastructure and Social Services Private enterprise 763.6 152,729 Total 6,898.5 1,379,706 The impact on the physical infrastructure and related social services can be divided into three broad categories: (i) damages caused by fighting or mining of the areas by all sides of the conflict, (ii) the loss TABLE 19 of facilities, and (iii) damages to service provision and supply infra- Estimated needs by sector, infrastructure and structure that prevent services from reaching the affected population. social services in Borno The overall impact of the conflict on infrastructure and social ser- US$ (millions) Naira (millions) vices is estimated at more than US$ 6.9 billion, accounting for ap- Agriculture 485.4 97,089 proximately two-thirds of the overall damages across the six states of Education 513.6 102,721 North-East Nigeria. Private housing accounts for 45 percent of the Energy 15.9 3,188 Environment 235.9 47,183 damages in Borno State, while agriculture accounts for US$ 2.4 bil- Health 481.7 96,338 lion of damages, or 34 percent. Table 18 provides a detailed overview. Private housing 1,097.4 219,475 In addition to these damages, which can be directly related to Borno, Public buildings 295.9 59,170 the ICT sector across the six states suffered US$ 25 million damages Social protection 180.2 36,053 and losses, while the commerce sector was impacted across the six Transport 337.5 67,505 states by a loss of US$ 915 million. Water & sanitation 115.3 23,065 Community Infrastructure Contingency 174.4 34,880 3.3.2 Infrastructure and Social Services Needs Total 3,933.3 798,666 Need estimations build up to the damages reported to infrastructure to additionally cater to (i) the reconstruction of impacted infrastruc- The total recovery needs for the infrastructure and social service inter- ture to improve standards, (ii) restoration of service delivery and the ventions are estimated at US$ 3.9 billion. The highest needs arise for the replacement of facilities, as well as (iii) the provision of social services reconstruction of houses (US$ 1.1 billion), followed by education (US$ to displaced individuals. The needs are prioritised according to the 513 million), agriculture (US$ 485 million), and health (US$ 482 mil- principles laid out in the recovery and peace building strategy. The lion). Needs for the three infrastructure sectors (transport, energy, water) key objective of ensuring the equitable delivery of infrastructure and add up to nearly US$ 469 million. In addition, it is estimated that the social services in conflict-affected areas has been incorporated in vari- ICT sector requires recovery interventions of US$ 272 million across the ous sector needs assessments. six states. Table 19 provides an overview of the needs by sector. VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT 19 NORTH-EAST NIGERIA 3.4 Economic Impacts and TABLE 21 Estimated impacts on state output and prices Recovery Needs 2011-2015 Creating jobs and opportunities to earn a decent living is a critical step to ensure stability, reduce volatility, and protect the social sense Sector Needs costs of belonging, particularly for members of the affected communities US$ (millions) Naira (billions) and vulnerable youth. The assessment provides estimated impacts Livelihood support and local 31.1 6,220 economic recovery on local macroeconomics (output and price), which have further Employment 37.7 7,540 implications for key sector activities, livelihoods, and employment. Total 68.8 13,760 Recovery needs are recommended to restore livelihoods and promote employment to facilitate short-term economic stabilisation as well as (i) general population in the North-East; (ii) IDPs; (iii) host commu- to assist the state government to sustain economic recovery in the nities; (iv) returnees; and (v) vulnerable groups, which include youth, medium term. elderly, and women. The specific needs, as identified for the different 3.4.1 Macroeconomic Impacts sub components, are presented in Table 21. It is estimated that US$ 245 million is required for reviving the private sector and promoting The crisis has further aggravated the already weak development of trade across the six affected states, a substantial amount of which will Borno. It is estimated that Borno suffered an accumulated output loss be required for Borno-related interventions. Livelihood support and measured by GDP of US$ 3.54 billion (Naira 708 billion) between local economic recovery require US$ 31.1 million, while the needs 2011 and 2015, while prices rose by slightly more than 10 percent. for employment schemes, training and support to women, youth, and The combination of output loss and price increases implies a signifi- vulnerable groups sum up to US$ 37.7 million. cant reduction in the welfare of residents in the state (Table 20). TABLE 20 Estimated impacts on state output and prices 2011-2015 GDP loss GDP loss Inflation, All Inflation, State (US$, millions) (Naira, billions) items Food Borno 3,541 708.2 10 11.3 Source: World Bank Staff estimate using the Central Bank of Nigeria data 3.4.2 Needs for Economic Recovery and Employment Recommendations for economic recovery are premised on an under- standing that socio-economic recovery in troubled communities is strongly linked to job creation and economic restoration. In view of this, other recommendations for implementing potential interven- tions include an inclusive, pro-poor approach to economic recovery and tailored proposals for different groups of affected people such as: 20 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 : BORNO 3.5 Detailed Sector Damages and Needs Tables for Borno State 3.5.1 Detailed Sector Damages for Borno State US$ Naira (millions) (millions) US$ Naira (millions) (millions) Health Agriculture Health posts 6.300 1,267 Agricultural machines and tractors 14.500 2,893 PHC centres 39.200 7,832 Heavy duty machines 10.600 2,115 Secondary hospitals 13.500 2,700 Implements such as disc harrows, ploughs, etc. 1.200 245 Total 59.000 11,799 Feed store 11.900 2,376 Housing Farm buildings 51.000 10,206 Private housing 3,179.000 635,800 Veterinary clinics and abattoirs 29.800 5,950 Public Buildings L.I.B.C. 2.000 400 Prisons 0.100 13 Poultry houses 3.200 648 Audit offices 0.100 12 Farm asset roads 10.900 2,183 Post offices 0.300 54 Gardens 11.100 2,211 Police stations 0.900 182 Orchards 46.100 9,226 Election offices 2.200 435 Irrigation and drainage system, e.g. canals 37.800 7,560 Cultural/historical buildings 0.300 62 Water pumps 0.900 184 Local Government building 6.300 1,267 Boreholes 14.000 2,800 Ministry buildings 3.600 724 Peasant farms 1680.000 336,000 Other buildings 1.500 305 Cattle 318.800 63,750 Total 15.300 3,054 Sheep & goats 125.000 25,000 Transport Inputs e.g. fertiliser and agrochemicals 9.000 1,800 Federal roads 84.900 16,980 Total 2378.000 475,546 State/LGA road 150.100 30,024 Education Bridges (6) 2.200 438 6-classroom block 65.900 13,175 Bus 22.400 4,485 Office block 9.900 1,971 Car 36.200 7,245 Hand pump borehole 1.300 264 Truck 1.500 306 Motorised borehole/overhead tank 4.600 922 Bull Dozer 5.000 1,000 Latrines (2 blocks, each 3 compartments) 6.600 1,318 Paver 1.000 200 Pupil seat 4.800 961 Excavator 2.000 400 Teacher table & chair 0.600 122 Tractor 0.800 150 Perimeter fence 50.100 10,028 Total 306.100 61,228 Total 143.800 28,760 Water & Sanitation Energy Water Damages Distribution substation Total cost of damages to water infrastructure in 26.800 5372 11 kV/415 V 9.300 1,855 communities & institutions 11 kV 0.100 23 Sanitation Damages 415-230 V 6.600 1,329 Total cost of damages to institutional sanitation 8.100 1,632 infrastructure Total 16.000 3,207 Total 35.000 7,004 Environment Forest/woodlots/wildlife 0.200 41 Economic tree/orchards 1.100 226 Protected areas/national parks 1.300 260 Waste management infrastructure 0.300 52 Total 2.900 579 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT 21 NORTH-EAST NIGERIA 3.5.2 Detailed Sector Needs for Borno State US$ Naira (millions) (millions) US$ Naira Health (millions) (millions) Health care facilities/infrastructure & equipment 71.800 14,366 Agriculture Service provision (operational) 327.900 65,578 Gardens 11.100 2,211 Service provision (capital) 44.700 8,942 Irrigation and drainage systems 37.800 7,560 Health system restoration (capacity building) 5.200 1,043 Agricultural machinery and equipment 14.500 2,892 Health system restoration (operational) 7.800 1,565 Storage and other buildings 68.200 13,630 Governance & Early Warning systems (capital) 5.600 1,118 Plantations 46.100 9,226 Governance & Early Warning systems 13.000 2,608 Heavy duty machine 10.600 2,115 (operational) Implements such as disc harrows, ploughs, 2.100 429 Risk mitigation (capital) 1.100 224 knapsack sprayers, water pumps etc. Risk mitigation (operational) 4.500 894 Veterinary clinics and abattoirs 29.800 5,950 Total 481.700 96,338 Farm roads 10.900 2,183 Housing Boreholes 14.000 2,800 Reconstruction of damaged houses 133.800 26,764 Food assistance 136.500 27,300 Reconstruction of destroyed houses 963.500 192,711 Supplementary food assistance for 4 months of 32.300 6,468 food around lean season Total 1097.300 219,475 Extension services 13.500 2,700 Public Buildings Input support in host communities 29.700 5,945 Public building category 0.100 23 Dry season vegetable support 13.600 2,718 Prisons 0.300 58 HH support for small-scale food processing & 0.900 180,028 Audit offices 0.400 87 preservation Post offices 9.500 1,898 Support for sheep production 2.500 496 Police barracks 2.700 547 HH support for goat production 1.900 388 Development area office 15.700 3,135 HH support for poultry production 9.500 1,897 Cultural/historical buildings 157.100 31,416 Total 485.400 97,089 Local Government building 45.600 9,116 Education Ministry buildings 2.500 495 Construction of 6-classroom block 65.900 13,175 Project management 23.400 4,677 Office block 9.800 1,971 Physical contingencies 25.700 5,145 Hand pump borehole 1.300 264 Cost contingencies 12.900 2,573 Motorised borehole/overhead tank 4.600 922 Total 295.900 59,170 Latrines (2 blocks, each 3 compartments) 6.600 1,318 Transport Pupil seat 4.800 961 Federal road 84.900 16,979 Teacher table & chair 0.600 122 State/LGA road 150.100 30,024 Perimeter fence 50.100 10,028 Bridges 2.200 438 Capital costs for IDPs education services 295.300 59,057 Public transport 22.400 4,485 Recurrent costs for IDPs education services 74.500 14,904 Project management & contingencies 77.900 15,578 Total 513.600 102,721 Total 337.500 67,505 Energy Distribution substations 9.200 1,845 Distribution lines 6.700 1,343 Total 15.900 3,188 Environment Forests, orchards, wetlands and protected areas 97.300 19,453 Solid waste management 20.600 4,135 ERW risk reduction 9.900 1,993 Debris management 108.000 21,602 Total 235.900 47,183 22 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 : BORNO US$ Naira US$ Naira (millions) (millions) (millions) (millions) Water & Sanitation Establishment of SARC 0.300 58 Reconstruction and rehabilitation of water 35.600 7,116 ICT for case management 0.100 23 infrastructure in communities, institutions and Training 1.400 288 public buildings Assessments and studies 0.100 14 Reconstruction and rehabilitation of sanitation 9.200 1,833 infrastructure in institutions and public buildings Model/pilot projects 1.300 256 Construction of new Water infrastructure for 29.100 5,826 Micro grants 0.200 48 IDPs host communities and IDPs return areas Services (oversight, outreach, advocacy) 0.400 87 Construction of new water & sanitation 7.300 1,457 Mine Action Emergency risk education campaign 0.700 152 infrastructure in public places for IDPs host Mine Action integrated survey of hazardous areas 3.000 597 communities and return areas with risk education and explosive ordnance disposal Sanitation & hygiene promotion in IDPs host 24.100 4,812 Mine Action victim assistance needs assessment and 1.900 382 communities and IDP return areas individual rehabilitation response Institutional support and capacity development 10.100 2,020 Community participation on security/SALW 0.100 20 Total 115.300 23,065 awareness and reduction in the North-East enhanced through provision of advocacy and Community Infrastructure Contingency sensitisation the dangers of SALWs Total 174.400 34,880 Capacity of security apparatus in the North-East 0.200 40 strengthened through the provision of best practices Safe and Voluntarily Return and Resettlement of Displaced Persons in border security and stockpile management. Support and strengthen broader access to basic 0.300 56 Total 9.800 1,965 needs at local level for new IDPs and IDPs with no intention to return in short to medium term Livelihood Support and Local Economic Recovery Initiatives supporting separated/unaccompanied 1.900 387 Restoration of disrupted and destroyed basic 20.000 4,000 children IDPs and returnees livelihood economic assets Psycho-social support to affected population, 2.500 503 Development, strengthening and diversification 3.700 746 including IDPs, returnees and host community of relevant market related skills for self- members employment Preventing gender-based violence in host 2.400 487 Establishment, development and strengthening 5.600 1,133 communities and camps of agriculture based value chains and agro Initiatives supporting elderly and widows 0.100 13 processing centres Initiatives to facilitate, support and sustain 4.100 819 Establishment, development and strengthening of 1.700 348 voluntary return natural resources based and solid minerals value chains and enterprises Total 11.300 2,264 Total 31.100 6,227 Reconciliation, Peace Building and Community Cohesion Employment Prison facilities for de-radicalisation programme 0.300 58 Strengthen institutional capacity of state 1.000 192 Training 1.800 365 employment centres and related institutions DDR technical assistance 0.400 87 General programme for labour Force skills 8.700 1,748 Assessments and studies 0.100 14 development Micro grants 0.600 116 Women empowerment through skills training for 17.500 3,496 Social fund for CSOs 0.600 116 employment Outreach and advocacy 0.900 183 Youth empowerment through skills training for 10.500 2,097 employment Total 4.700 939 Total 37.700 7,533 Local Governance and Citizen Participation Establishment and support to community 7.600 1,513 *Estimated needs presented in this table exclude water and sanitation-related platforms infrastructure costs in schools and health centres as these are covered under Education & Training 4.000 798 Health sectors, respectively. Policy dialogue and mentoring 0.400 78 Total 11.900 2,388 Community Security, Justice, Human Rights, Small Arms Control and Mine Action VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT 23 NORTH-EAST NIGERIA JEWEL IN THE SAVANNAH Gombe Nigeria - Gombe State: Reference Map 10.473806 11.473806 Garin Meri Malori Nahuta Gamari Kare Bukul Ziawa Jamtari Fika Garin Jangam Dager Dibbwol Mutwe Kari Tudun Wada Garin Aba Bungai Sabon Gari Dururu Fusami Jigawa Baludi Dadin Kowa Dumbulwa Colare Bornu Bulama Baruo Binde Nafada Gandum Bege Gabai Bularaba Diji NAFADA Kusuwa Kudu Mondu Biusare Mallam Gidado Ganga Malala Ninowa Garigari Lafiya Dokoro Badabdi Gadi Maulamidu Bara o Abduli Panana Birri Mallurin Tudu Wuro Bongu Maro Zadawa Blablin Bantine Bullagaidum Manicodo Gwajam Gwari Bajoga Bakite Geidam Towal Wuro Danuda Suka Tetiba Shedori Dingaya Shabiwa Jerkam Wawa Jana Gulabinda Gale Gonda Gamadadi Dashi Bani Gayi Busum Lamba Shawari Bana Sangare DUKKU Gulani BornukiceWonka Birni FUNAKAYE Daniski Dambazau Tongo Jangira Nape Gare Zara Bojude Wakili Bomala Balbaya Bele Chongwon Beli Kadiyel Ninowa Zange Diri Maleri Kuba Garin Mallam Jatau Geji Bauchi KWAMI Jurara Kwaya Zagaina Mase Gadam Azume Shinga Wade Gaidam Yarda Gwani Lomi Deba Fulani Gedeba Magashi Galadima Pella TabilangFafan Fulani Jamji Wurisato Bahai Bara Kafarati Jerikom Nahantsi Wuyo Wuro Dole Tonde Difa Porno Bure Ungwa Canteen o Bogundu Bulmari Karagari Mayo Kaba Ako Tempure Gombe Labukau Bahere GOMBE Garin Lanotali Pelakombo YAMALTU/DEBA Abure Jaragwol Barkam Gidi Deba Habe Gasi Abbas Shulto Dakita Batungo Lano Kurjelli Garin Kagana Nono Kolmani Gaji Mari Tukulma Jagale Wuro Mobido Shulo Kaltonga AKKO Gadao Kombani Kombo Kumo Fafa Kalaki Mai Ari Jalingo Pindiga Amuta Shenge ShengePanda Bangu Jada Hamtawalam Galengo Pokwanli Gujuba Sabonlayi Awak Balabapa Tumu Kulkul Kalmai Degri Barri Polapindi KALTUNGO Tula Putuk BALANGA Kaltungo Ture BILLIRI Kulane Chongwom Nyuar Wikki Yalo Kutare Abayi Jessu State capital Kwaya Lakweme Chongwom Daji Popandi Chum Dumna Bambam o Airport Mona Shengu Lafia Paved roads Bakwari SHOMGOM Bangunji Burak Dadiya Yankari Dwaja Lamurde Rivers Wong Filiya Kushi Bogwas Mansur Lo Local government areas Abuja Bashama Kabawa Bambuka Sarkin Baka Waduku Benue Other States Kode Gomu Ngwalti 9.454881 9.454881 10.473806 11.473806 24 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 4 : GOMBE 4.1 Overview The recovery and peace building process requires a holistic approach that promotes peace, stability, and social cohesion by addressing the rehabilitation of infrastructure and social services while confronting 4.1.1 Key Facts underlying macroeconomic issues to overcome the nexus of instabili- ty, conflict, and deteriorating development. Lessons from other con- TABLE 22 flict and crisis contexts highlight that rebuilding trust and cohesion Gombe at a glance is as essential as the restoration of services and reconstruction, eco- nomic revitalisation, and building livelihoods. Based on the guiding State Gombe principles laid out in the overall Strategic Recovery and Peace Building Capital Gombe __ Framework, needs have been identified in the three main areas of in- Area 20,265 km2 __ tervention: (i) peace building, stability, and social cohesion, (ii) in- Predominant languages Hausa, Igbo, Yoruba frastructure and social services; and (iii) economic recovery, totalling Population (2006 census) 2,353,000 nearly US$ 165 million for Gombe. IDPs (IOM Dec. 2015) 25,000 Main source of income Agriculture (80% of population) 4.1.3 Overview and Pre-crisis Conditions Governor Ibrahim Hassan Dankwambo Governance 11 LGAs Gombe State was created from the former Bauchi State on 1 Octo- Internally Generated Revenue (2015) 4.45 billion Naira ber 1996. Covering a land area of 20,265 square kilometres, it is the smallest among the six North-East states.5 Gombe is predominantly rural with several towns and small urban areas, the most important of which is Gombe, the state capital, which serves as the state’s trading 4.1.2 RPBA Background and Key Findings and commercial centre. Gombe is divided into 11 LGAs. The North-East Nigeria Recovery and Peace Building Assessment (RPBA) was conducted under the leadership of the Government of Agriculture is the major sector of the economy with crop production and livestock contributing to 65 percent of the total state GDP in Nigeria in partnership with the European Union, United Nations, 2008.6 About 80 percent of the total population are peasant farmers and World Bank. The six states have driven the assessment process. involved in the cultivation of food and cash crops, such as millet, State focal points have guided the coordination of assessment and sorghum, maize, vegetable, cotton, and groundnut, with or without sector focal points provided detailed data on damage and needs. The irrigation. Gombe State also has deposits of solid minerals, including data have been used to analyse the factors that induced the crisis, the limestone, gypsum, kaolin, silica, talc, uranium and dolomite, but current status of the crisis, and the strategies for sustainable stabili- the mining industry contributes relatively little to economic output. sation and recovery. This report contains detailed data and analysis The private sector lacks diversification and is among the development from the data sheets collected and from the RPBA field mission to challenges faced by Gombe State.7 It is dominated by informal sector Gombe. activities such as petty trading, transportation, local arts and crafts, subsistence farming, and small-scale animal production. TABLE 23 Summary of needs across the areas of 4.1.4 Impact of the Crisis intervention in Gombe The conflict in North-East Nigeria has had a deep impact on the re- gion. An estimated 20,000 lives have been lost, and nearly two million Areas of intervention Estimated cost of intervention Naira people have been forcibly displaced. The human, social and econom- US$ (millions) (millions) ic losses of the conflict, and the investments for the recovery, peace Peace building and social cohesion 13.6 2,725 building, and reconstruction of the North-East, are overwhelming. Infrastructure and social services 129.1 25,810 The sections below summarise the state level findings of the RPBA in Economic recovery 22.3 4,452 terms of the damages and resulting needs for Gombe State. Total 164.9 32,987 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT 25 NORTH-EAST NIGERIA 4.2 Peace Building, Stability, and TABLE 24 Estimated needs by sector, infrastructure, and Social Cohesion social services in Gombe Restoring and enhancing peace, stability and social cohesion consti- tutes the backbone of the overall recovery efforts, and builds the foun- Sector Needs cost Naira dation for the effective and smooth implementation of all programme US$ (millions) (millions) interventions. The objective of this area of intervention is to assess Safe and voluntary return and resettlement of 5.2 1,035 and then address the impacts of conflict on the social fabric and on displaced persons local governance and provision of justice, with particular attention Reconciliation, peace building and community 1.9 383 cohesion to the effects on IDPs and host communities. Effective responses to Local governance and citizens engagement 4.9 973 these challenges will provide the social and political environment for Community security, justice, human rights, 1.7 334 sustainable recovery and longer-term development. The relevant line mine action, small arms control ministries worked with RPBA partners to provide detailed assessment Total 13.6 2,725 data on the cost of recovery needs. 4.2.1 Needs for Peace Building, Stability, and Social Cohesion The total needs for promoting peace building, stability, and social cohesion in Gombe State are estimated at around US$ 13.6 million. Host to 30,000 IDPs (as of December 2015), Gombe has major so- cial needs to support the ‘safe and voluntarily return and resettlement of displaced persons’, with approximately US$ 5.2 million as the esti- mated cost for this subcomponent. It is important to note that basic humanitarian needs for the safe and voluntary return/resettlement of IDPs such as housing, service delivery, and livelihood support are accounted for in the other areas of intervention. The peace building, stability, and social cohesion needs not accounted for in other areas of intervention relate to the restitution of the social tissue, reconcilia- tion, and peace building, restoration of a sense of normalcy and needs of particularly vulnerable sub-groups of IDPs. Addressing the needs in a holistic and integrated manner is critical for sustainable recovery and is seen as a precondition for stability and key for sustainable re- covery. Many issues addressed in peace building and social cohesion — and the recommended interventions — are preconditions of fu- ture stability and important efforts to overcome Gombe’s long-term development challenges. 26 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 4 : GOMBE 4.3 Infrastructure and Social Services TABLE 25 Summary of damages to infrastructure and social The sustainable restoration and improvement of infrastructure and services in Gombe social services is crucial to societal normalisation and stabilisation in the crisis-affected areas, as well as for creating conditions for eventual US$ (millions) Naira (millions) IDPs returns or smooth integration into host communities. The rel- Agriculture 4.9 977 evant line ministries provided detailed assessment data on the cost of Education 2.1 415 damage attributable to the conflict. The key objectives of this assess- Environment 0.2 38 ment were to (i) characterise and estimate the impact of the crisis on Health 0.4 80 the physical infrastructure and social services; and (ii) identify needs Private housing 2.9 574 for the restoration and recovery of infrastructure and service delivery. Public buildings 1.1 220 Transport 29 5,809 4.3.1 Impacts and Damages Related to Private enterprise 1.96 392 Infrastructure and Social Services Total 42.53 8,505 The overall impact of the conflict on infrastructure and social services is estimated at US$ 42.5 million. Transport accounts for 68 percent of the damages with US$ 29 million, followed by agriculture, which, at US$ 4.9 million, is a distant second at 11 percent of the total TABLE 26 damages. The table below provides a detailed overview. In addition to Estimated needs by sector, infrastructure, and these damages which can be directly related to Gombe, the ICT sec- social services in Gombe tor across the six states suffered damages of US$ 25 million, while the US$ (millions) Naira (millions) commerce sector was impacted by a loss of US$ 915 million across Agriculture 18.5 3697 the six states. Education 6.8 1368 Environment 15.6 3120 4.3.2 Infrastructure and Social Services Needs Health 4 810 The total recovery needs for infrastructure and social service inter- Private housing 1.8 362 ventions are estimated at US$ 126 million. The biggest needs arise Public buildings 2.7 534 from transport (US$ 37 million), followed closely by social protec- Social protection 34.3 6,858 tion (US$ 34 million). In addition, it is estimated that the ICT sec- Transport 37 7,400 tor requires recovery interventions of US$ 272 million across the six Water & sanitation 3 591 states. The table below provides an overview of the needs by sector. Community Infrastructure Contingency 5.4 1,070 Total 129.1 25,810 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT 27 NORTH-EAST NIGERIA 4.4 Economic Impacts and TABLE 28 Estimated needs for economic recovery Recovery Needs Creating jobs and opportunities to earn a decent living is a critical Sector Needs costs step to ensure stability, reduce volatility, and protect the social sense US$ (millions) Naira (millions) of belonging, particularly for members of the affected communities Livelihood support and local 12.7 2,537 economic recovery and vulnerable youth. The assessment provides estimated impacts Employment 9.6 1,916 on local macroeconomics (output and price), which have further Total 22.3 4,452 implications for key sector activities, livelihoods, and employment. Recovery needs are recommended to restore livelihoods and promote tions include an inclusive, pro-poor approach to economic recovery employment to facilitate short-term economic stabilisation as well as and tailored proposals for different groups of affected people such as: to assist the state government to sustain economic recovery in the (i) general population in the North-East; (ii) IDPs; (iii) host commu- medium term. nities; (iv) returnees; and (v) vulnerable groups, which include youth, elderly, and women. The specific needs, as identified for the different 4.4.1 Macroeconomic Impacts subcomponents, are presented in Table 28. It is estimated that US$ The crisis has further aggravated the already weak development of 245 million are required for reviving the private sector and promoting Gombe. It is estimated that Gombe suffered an accumulated output trade across the six affected states, a substantial amount of which will loss measured by GDP of US$ 1.4 billion (Naira 281 billion) between be required for Gombe-related interventions. Livelihood support and 2011 and 2015, while prices rose by nearly 13 percent for all items local economic recovery require US$ 12.7 million, while the needs and even by 46 percent for food items. The combination of output for employment schemes, training and support to women, youth and loss and price increases implies a significant reduction in the welfare vulnerable groups sum up to US$ 9.6 million. of the residents in the state (Table 27). TABLE 27 Estimated impacts on state output and prices 2011-2015 GDP loss GDP loss Inflation, All Inflation, State (US$, millions) (Naira, billions) items Food Gombe 1,404.50 280.9 12.7 46.3 Source: World Bank Staff estimate using the Central Bank of Nigeria data 4.4.2 Needs for Economic Recovery and Employment Recommendations for economic recovery are premised on an under- standing that socio-economic recovery in troubled communities is strongly linked to job creation and economic restoration. In view of this, other recommendations for implementing potential interven- 28 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 4 : GOMBE 4.5 Detailed Sector Damages and Needs Tables for Gombe State 4.5.1 Detailed Sector Damages for Gombe State US$ Naira (millions) (millions) US$ Naira (millions) (millions) Transport Agriculture Federal road 24.900 4,980 Farmland 2.400 473 State/LGA road 3.600 713 Farm service centre 0.100 12 Bridges (6) 0.300 54 Knapsack sprayers 0.012 2 Car 0.300 53 Grain stores 0.100 10 Truck 0.045 9 Farm roads 0.200 31 Total 29.000 5,800 Poultry farms 0.028 6 Seeds/grains 0.100 21 4.5.2 Detailed Sector Needs for Gombe State Pesticides 0.100 23 US$ Naira Fertilizer 0.027 5 (millions) (millions) Cattle feed & vaccines/drugs 0.800 155 Agriculture Sheep/goat feed & vaccines/drugs 0.800 154 Farm roads 0.300 53 Poultry feed & vaccines/drugs 0.400 83 Earth dam 0.200 31 Cattle 0.010 2 Food Assistance 3.000 592 Sheep 0.004 1 Extension Services 0.600 119 Goats 0.002 0 Input support in host communities 8.500 1,691 Poultry 0.002 0 Dry season vegetable support 1.200 238 Total 4.900 977 HH support for small-scale food processing & 0.100 13 preservation Education Support for sheep production 0.100 27 6-classroom block 0.600 115 HH support for goat production 0.100 21 Office block 0.044 9 HH support for poultry production 0.500 104 Hand pump borehole 0.100 13 Crop production support for returnees 4.000 809 Motorised borehole/overhead tank 0.200 39 Subtotal 18.500 3,697 Latrines (2 blocks, each 3 compartments) 0.100 13 Education Classroom rehabilitation 0.300 55 Construction of 6-classroom block 0.600 115 Pupil seat 0.200 32 Office block 0.044 9 Teacher table & chair 0.047 9 Hand pump borehole 0.100 13 Perimeter fence 0.700 130 Motorised borehole/overhead tank 0.200 39 Total 2.100 415 Latrines (2 blocks, each 3 compartments) 0.100 13 Environment Classroom rehabilitation 0.300 55 Forest /woodlots/wildlife 0.001 0 Pupil seat 0.200 32 Economic tree/orchards 0.023 5 Teacher table & chair 0.000 9 Protected areas/national parks 0.200 34 Perimeter fence 0.700 130 Total 0.200 38 Capital costs for IDP education services 3.800 761 Health Recurrent costs for IDP education services 1.000 192 PHC centres 0.400 80 Subtotal 6.800 1,368 Total 0.4 80 Environment Housing Forests, Orchards, Wetlands and Protected Areas 13.600 2,722 Private housing 2.900 574 Solid Waste Management 2.000 397 Public Buildings Subtotal 15.600 3,119 Police stations 0.700 135 Police barracks 0.300 53 Other buildings 0.200 32 Total 1.100 220 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT 29 NORTH-EAST NIGERIA US$ Naira US$ Naira (millions) (millions) (millions) (millions) Health Community Infrastructure Contingency Health Care Facilities/Infrastructure & 0.500 106 Subtotal 5.300 1,070 Equipment Safe and Voluntarily Return and Resettlement of Displaced Persons Service Provision (operational) 2.800 563 Support and strengthen broader access to basic 0.200 49 Service Provision (capital) 0.400 77 needs at local level for new IDPs and IDPs with Health System Restoration (capacity building) 0.045 9 no intention to return in short to medium term Health System Restoration (operational) 0.100 13 Initiatives supporting separated/unaccompanied 1.000 195 Governance & Early Warning Systems capital) 0.048 10 children IDPs and Returnees Governance & Early Warning Systems 0.100 22 Psycho-social support to affected population, 1.200 234 (operational) including IDPs, returnees and host community members Risk Mitigation (capital) 0.010 2 Preventing gender-based violence in host 1.000 199 Risk Mitigation (operational) 0.038 8 communities and camps Subtotal 4.000 810 Initiatives supporting elderly and widows 0.100 13 Housing Initiatives to facilitate, support and sustain 1.700 346 voluntary return Reconstruction of Damaged houses 0.120 2 Subtotal 5.200 1,035 Reconstruction of Destroyed houses 1.800 359 Subtotal 1.800 361 Reconciliation, Peace Building and Community Cohesion Prison facilities for de-radicalisation programme 0.100 24 Public Buildings Training 0.700 149 Post Offices 1.000 193 DDR technical assistance 0.200 35 Police Stations 0.300 64 Assessments and studies 0.029 6 Ministry Buildings 0.800 165 Micro grants 0.200 47 Project Management 0.200 42 Social fund for CSOs 0.200 47 Physical Contingencies 0.200 46 Outreach and advocacy 0.400 75 Cost Contingencies 0.100 23 Subtotal 1.900 383 Subtotal 2.700 534 Local Governance and Citizen Participation Transport Establishment and support to community 3.100 616 State/LGA Road 24.900 4,980 platforms Bridges 3.600 713 Training 1.600 325 Project Management & Contingencies 8.500 1,708 Policy dialogue and mentoring 0.200 32 Subtotal 37.000 7,400 Subtotal 4.900 973 Water & Sanitation Community Security, Justice, Human Rights, Reconstruction and rehabilitation of Water 0.200 33 Small Arms Control and Mine Action infrastructure in communities, institutions and Establishment of SARC 0.100 24 public buildings ICT for case management 0.047 9 Reconstruction and rehabilitation of Sanitation 0.200 33 Training 0.600 117 infrastructure in institutions and public buildings Assessments and studies 0.029 6 Construction of new Water infrastructure for 0.300 68 IDP host communities and IDPs return areas Model/pilot projects 0.500 104 Construction of new water & sanitation 0.100 17 Micro grants 0.100 20 infrastructure in public places for IDP host Services (oversight, outreach, advocacy) 0.200 35 communities and return areas Mine Action Emergency risk education campaign 0.004 1 Sanitation & Hygiene Promotion in IDPs host 0.200 41 Mine Action Victim assistance needs assessment 0.010 2 communities and IDP return areas and individual rehabilitation response Institutional support and capacity development 2.000 400 Community participation on security/SALW 0.100 16 Subtotal 3.000 591 awareness and reduction in the North-East enhanced through provision of advocacy and sensitisation the dangers of SALWs Subtotal 1.700 334 30 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 4 : GOMBE US$ Naira (millions) (millions) Livelihood Support and Local Economic Recovery Restoration of disrupted and destroyed basic 8.100 1,629 livelihood economic assets Development, strengthening and diversification 1.500 304 of relevant market related skills for self- employment Establishment, development and strengthening 2.300 462 of Agriculture based value chains and agro processing centres Establishment, development and strengthening of 0.700 142 natural resources based and solid minerals value chains and enterprises Subtotal 12.700 2,537 Employment Strengthen institutional capacity of state 1.000 192 employment centres and related institutions General programme for labour force skills 2.100 410 development Women empowerment through skills training for 4.100 821 employment Youth empowerment through skills training for 2.500 493 employment Subtotal 9.600 1,916 *Estimated needs presented in this table exclude water and sanitation-related infrastructure costs in schools and health centres as these are covered under Education & Health sectors, respectively. VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT 31 NORTH-EAST NIGERIA NATURE’S GIFT TO THE NATION Taraba Nigeria - Taraba State: Reference Map 8.976331 9.976331 10.976331 11.976331 Ture Tula Banjiram Tafawa Balewa 9.705394 9.705394 Boto Dull Bambam Chum Kadunu Kiri Bogoro Gobiyan Kasuwa Burak Dadiya Lamurde Gindiri Mongu Bambuka Waduku Mongu Arna Kanam Geriam Numan Dawaki Ganjuwa Panyam Dong Amper Dengi Mallam Daya Jen Shiwer Bashar Karim Lamido Lankan Bali Bokkos Gwaktok Rek Zurak Kunini Mayo Lope Mongun Karfel Lau Muri Mushere Tipap KARIN-LAMIDO LAU Langtang Dokan Tofa e Bumanda Apawa nu Be Yanpu Gerkawa Mika Zinna Jarang Kwolla Pajazam Shendam JALINGO ZING Yelwa Zhiru Barikin Sibre YORRO Pinau Monkin ARDO-KOLA Vendu Nage Mbambe Fulani Tola Taram Kwande Kalong Amar Gangzonen Damshin Shemankar Mala Mutum Biyu Fan Manga Namu Sendirdi Golbembal Dayeri Jankar Nyamata Manda Damasi Mato GASSOL Denaba Gurumpawa Aondu Kurungu Sansanne Wurio Wuse Gang Kurin Chia Kaor Ganyatsum J. Abdullahi IBI Kwararfa Ibi Nyankola Awe Jauro Sidi Kiri Bantaji BALI Toungo Kosunu Chinka Bakundi Sayfo Ulaade Dan Zomo Mayo Butale WUKARI AparRiti Suntai Kogin Baba Maradu Tsokundi Ebba Ardo AbakiBeli Arafu Sabon GidaGayam Akwana Mayo Yim Rafin KadaDonga Labare 7.705394 7.705394 Zaga Adagore Kado Ananum Barua DONGA Sai Sankara Jija Zaki Biam Chenchenji Gidan Maichibi GASHAKA Serti BurukuUgba Mararaba Sarakin Samari Yandev Bilikani Gashaka Mkar Manya Danbecki TAKUM Maiguru Muji Afata Tor Donga KURMI Baissa Ekas Katsena Ala Ishir Kufai Mai Samari Atsuku Ato USSA Lufu Makeri Ihugh Mayo Tolore Bissaula Abong Guroji Mbara SARDAUNA Mayo Ndaga Adikpo Waya Kusuku Aboe KakaraBanda Jabu Vande Ikya Tanjo Gembu Obudu Labare Dorofi Okorom Bamba State Capital Kanyang CAMEROON o Airport Paved roads Rivers Local government areas Other States 5.705394 5.705394 8.976331 9.976331 10.976331 11.976331 32 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 : TARABA 5.1 Overview from the data sheets collected and from the RPBA field mission to Taraba. 5.1.1 Key Facts The recovery and peace building process requires a holistic approach TABLE 29 that promotes peace, stability, and social cohesion by addressing the Taraba at a glance rehabilitation of infrastructure and social services while confronting underlying macroeconomic issues to overcome the nexus of instabili- State Taraba ty, conflict, and deteriorating development. Lessons from other con- Capital Jalingo flict and crisis contexts highlight that rebuilding trust and cohesion Area 56,300 km2 is as essential as restoration of services and reconstruction, economic Predominant languages Hausa revitalisation, and building livelihoods. Based on the guiding princi- Population (2006 census) 2,294,800 ples laid out in the overall Strategic Recovery and Peace Building Frame- IDPs (IOM Dec. 2015) 50,000 __ Main source(s) of income Agriculture (80% of population) work, needs have been identified in three main areas of intervention: __ Governor Darius Dickson Ishaku (i) peace building, stability, and social cohesion; (ii) infrastructure Governance 16 LGAs and social services; and (iii) economic recovery, totalling US$ 192 Internally Generated Revenue (2015) 18.59 billion Naira million for Taraba State alone. 5.1.3 Overview of the State and Pre- 5.1.2 RPBA Background and Key Findings crisis Conditions The North-East Nigeria Recovery and Peace Building Assessment Taraba State, with Jalingo as its capital, lies largely within the middle (RPBA) was conducted under the leadership of the Government of of Nigeria on the Mabilla Plateau. With a landmass of 56,300 square Nigeria in partnership with the European Union, United Nations, kilometers (21,737 square miles), which represents 6.2 percent of Ni- and World Bank. The six states have driven the assessment process. geria’s total land area, Taraba is the third largest state in Nigeria and State focal points have guided the coordination of assessment and the second largest in the North-East region. It is a largely agricul- sector focal points have provided detailed data on damage and needs. tural state, but also serves as a connector between other states. Prior Data collected has been used to analyse the factors that induced the to the insurgency, Taraba had a population of 2,294,800 as per the crisis and displacement, the current status of the crisis, the displace- 2006 census. In 2010, it had an unemployment rate of 6.8 percent. ment dynamics on the ground, and the strategies for sustainable sta- Income-generating activities in Taraba are mainly associated with ag- bilisation and recovery. This report contains detailed data and analysis riculture and with some mining. The recent addition of a dam has TABLE 30 allowed tea production in the hills to resume. Summary of needs across the three areas of intervention in Taraba 5.1.4 Impact of the Crisis The conflict in North-East Nigeria has had a deep impact on the re- Areas of intervention Estimated cost of interventions gion. An estimated 20,000 lives have been lost, and nearly two million Naira US$ (millions) (millions) people have been forcibly displaced. The human, social, and econom- Peace building, stability, and social cohesion 19.4 3,886 ic losses of the conflict, and the investments for the recovery, peace Infrastructure and social services 144.9 28,980 building, and reconstruction of the North-East, are overwhelming. Economic recovery 27.7 5,538 The sections below summarise the state level findings of the RPBA in Total 192 38,404 terms of the damages and resulting needs for Taraba State. VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT 33 NORTH-EAST NIGERIA 5.2 Peace Building, Stability, and TABLE 31 Estimated needs for peace building, stability and Social Cohesion social cohesion in Taraba Restoring and enhancing peace, stability, and social cohesion con- stitutes the backbone of the overall recovery efforts and builds the Sector Estimated Needs Cost Naira foundation for the effective and smooth implementation of all pro- US$ (millions) (millions) gramme interventions. The objective of this area of intervention is to Safe and voluntary return and resettlement of 7.1 1,419 assess and then address the impacts of conflict on the social fabric and displaced persons on local governance and provision of justice, with particular attention Reconciliation, peace building, and community 2.8 556 cohesion to the effects on IDPs and host communities. Effective responses to Local governance and citizen engagement 7.1 1,415 these challenges will provide the social and political environment for Community security, justice, human rights, 2.5 495 sustainable recovery and longer-term development. The relevant line mine action, small arms control ministries worked with RPBA partners to provide detailed assessment Total 19.4 3,886 data on the cost of recovery needs. 5.2.1 Needs for Peace Building, Stability, and Social Cohesion The total needs for promoting peace building, stability, and social cohesion in Taraba State are estimated at around US$ 19.1 million. Home to 50,000 IDPs, Taraba faces the challenge of facilitating the ‘safe and voluntarily return and resettlement of displaced persons, fol- lowed by promoting ‘local governance and citizen engagement’, with approximately US$ 7.0 million for each of these two subcomponents. It is important to note that basic humanitarian needs for the safe and voluntary return/resettlement of IDPs such as housing, service delivery and livelihood support are accounted for in the other areas of intervention. The peace building and social cohesion needs not accounted for in other areas of intervention relate to the restitution of the social tissue, reconciliation, and peace building, restoration of a sense of normalcy and needs of particularly vulnerable sub-groups of IDPs. Addressing the needs in a holistic and integrated manner is critical for sustainable recovery and is seen as a precondition for stability and key for sustainable recovery. Many issues addressed in peace building, stability, and social cohesion — and the recommend- ed interventions — are preconditions of future stability and import- ant efforts to overcome Taraba’s long-term development challenges. 34 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 : TARABA 5.3 Infrastructure and Social Services TABLE 32 Summary of damages to infrastructure and social The sustainable restoration and improvement of infrastructure and services in Taraba social services is crucial to societal normalisation and stabilisation in the crisis-affected areas, as well as for creating conditions for eventual US$ (millions) Naira (millions) IDP returns or smooth integration into host communities. The rele- Agriculture 11.9 2,394 vant line ministries provided detailed assessment data on the cost of Education 10.2 2,044 damage attributable to the conflict. The key objectives of this assess- Energy 7 1,398 ment were to (i) characterise and estimate the impact of the crisis on Environment 0.8 167 the physical infrastructure and social services; and (ii) identify needs Health 6.5 1,295 for the restoration and recovery of infrastructure and service delivery. Private Housing 2.8 550 Public Buildings 2.1 417 5.3.1 Impacts and Damages Related to Total 41.3 8,266 Infrastructure and Social Services The overall impact of the conflict on infrastructure and social services is estimated at US$ 41 million. Agriculture accounts for 29 percent of the damages with a loss of US$ 12 million, followed closely by educa- tion, which, at US$ 10.2 million, accounts for 25 percent of the total TABLE 33 damages. Significant impact is also noted in the energy sector with Infrastructure and social services: estimated US$ 7 million or 17 percent of the total damages. The table below needs by sector in Taraba provides a detailed overview. In addition to these damages, which US$ (millions) Naira (millions) can be directly related to Taraba, the ICT sector across the six states Agriculture 29.7 5,940 suffered damages of US$ 25 million, while the commerce sector was Education 17.4 3,474 impacted by a loss of US$ 915 million across the six states. Energy 3.4 678 Environment 34.4 6,873 5.3.2 Infrastructure and Social Services Needs Health 12.7 2,549 The total recovery needs for infrastructure and social service interven- Private housing 2.2 441 tions are estimated at US$ 145 million. The biggest needs arise from Public Buildings 5.8 1,165 environment sector (US$ 34 million), followed by social protection Social protection 30.6 6,111 (US$ 30.5 million), and agriculture (US$ 29.7 million). In addition, Water & sanitation 4.7 937 it is estimated that the ICT sector requires recovery interventions of Community Infrastructure Contingency 4.1 812 US$ 272 million across the six states. The table below provides an Total 144.8 28,980 overview of the needs by sector. VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT 35 NORTH-EAST NIGERIA 5.4 Economic Impacts and TABLE 35 Estimated needs by sector for economic recovery Recovery Needs Creating jobs and opportunities to earn a decent living is a critical Sector Estimated Needs Cost step to ensure stability, reduce volatility, and protect the social sense US$ (millions) Naira (millions) of belonging, particularly for members of the affected communities Livelihood support and local 18.4 3,690 economic recovery and vulnerable youth. The assessment provides estimated impacts Employment 9.2 1,848 on local macroeconomics (output and price), which have further Total 27.7 5,538 implications for key sector activities, livelihoods, and employment. Recovery needs are recommended to restore livelihoods and promote employment to facilitate short-term economic stabilisation as well as 5.4.2 Needs for Economic Recovery to assist the state government to sustain economic recovery in the and Employment medium term. Recommendations for economic recovery are premised on an under- standing that socio-economic recovery in troubled communities is 5.4.1 Macroeconomic Impacts strongly linked to job creation and economic restoration. In view of The crisis has further aggravated the already weak development of this, other recommendations for implementing potential interven- Taraba. It is estimated that Taraba suffered an accumulated output tions include an inclusive, pro-poor approach to economic recovery loss measured by GDP by US$ 245.5 million (Naira 49 billion) be- and tailored proposals for different groups of affected people such as: tween 2011 and 2015. Prices deflated by three percent for all items, (i) general population in the North-East; (ii) IDPs; (iii) host commu- while food prices remained unchanged (Table 34). nities; (iv) returnees; and (v) vulnerable groups, which include youth, elderly and women. The specific needs, as identified for the different subcomponents, are presented in Table 35. It is estimated that US$ TABLE 34 245 million are required for reviving the private sector and promoting Estimated impacts on state output and prices, trade across the six affected states, a substantial amount of which will 2011-2015 be required for Taraba-related interventions. Livelihood support and local economic recovery require US$ 18.4 million, while the needs GDP loss GDP loss Inflation, All Inflation, State (US$, millions) (Naira, billions) items Food for employment schemes, training and support to women, youth and Taraba 245.5 49.1 -2.9 0 vulnerable groups sum up to US$ 9.2 million. Source: World Bank Staff estimate using the Central Bank of Nigeria data 36 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 : TARABA 5.5 Detailed Sector Damages and Needs Tables for Taraba State 5.5.1 Detailed Sector Damages for Taraba State 5.5.2 Detailed Sector Needs for Taraba State US$ Naira US$ Naira (millions) (millions) (millions) (millions) Agriculture Agriculture Farmland 11.700 2,345 Storage and other buildings 0.100 10 Cattle 0.100 20 Boreholes 0.023 5 Sheep 0.010 2 Food assistance 4.900 987 Goats 0.007 1 Extension Services 0.900 178 Poultry 0.005 1 Input support in host communities 12.700 2,537 Seeds 0.001 0 Dry season vegetable support 1.800 357 Fertilizer 0.045 9 HH support for small-scale food processing & 0.100 21 Markets 0.008 2 preservation Farm buildings 0.100 10 Support for sheep production 0.200 41 Borehole 0.050 5 HH support for goat production 0.200 32 Total 12.000 2,394 HH support for poultry production 0.800 156 Crop production support for returnees 8.100 1,617 Education Subtotal 29.700 5,940 6-classroom block 3.900 779 Office block 0.800 157 Education Hand pump borehole 0.100 21 Construction of 6-classroom block 3.900 779 Motorised borehole/overhead tank 0.400 74 Office block 0.800 157 Latrines (2 blocks, each 3 compartments) 0.500 105 Hand pump borehole 0.100 21 Classroom rehabilitation 0.400 80 Motorised borehole/overhead tank 0.400 74 Pupil seat 0.100 27 Latrines (2 blocks, each 3 compartments) 0.500 105 Teacher table & chair 0.011 2 Classroom rehabilitation 0.400 80 Perimeter fence 4.000 799 Pupil seat 0.100 27 Total 10.200 2,044 Teacher table & chair 0.011 23 Perimeter fence 4.000 799 Energy Capital costs for IDPs education services 5.700 1,141 Diesel generators 0.500 98 Recurrent costs for IDPs education services 1.400 288 Petrol stations 3.500 700 Subtotal 17.400 3,474 Control building TCN 3.000 600 Total 7.000 1,398 Energy Diesel generators 0.500 98 Environment Petrol stations 2.900 580 Forest /woodlots/wildlife 0.800 156 Subtotal 3.400 678 Economic tree/orchards 0.100 11 Protected areas/national parks 0.000 0 Environment Total 0.800 167 Forests, Orchards, Wetlands and Protected Areas 32.100 6,423 Solid Waste Management 2.300 450 Health Subtotal 34.400 6,873 Health posts 0.500 95 PHC centres 3.300 666 Comprehensive health centres 2.700 534 Total 6.500 1,295 Housing Private housing 2.800 550 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT 37 NORTH-EAST NIGERIA US$ Naira US$ Naira (millions) (millions) (millions) (millions) Health Community Infrastructure Contingency Health Care Facilities/Infrastructure & 7.500 1,493 Subtotal 4.100 812 Equipment Safe and Voluntarily Return and Resettlement of Service provision (operational) 4.200 845 Displaced Persons Service provision (capital) 0.100 115 Support and strengthen broader access to basic 0.300 51 Health system restoration (capacity building) 0.100 13 needs at local level for new IDPs and IDPs with Health system restoration (operational) 0.100 20 no intention to return in short to medium term Governance & Early Warning Systems capital) 0.100 14 Initiatives supporting separated/unaccompanied 1.300 255 children IDPs and returnees Governance & Early Warning Systems 0.200 34 (operational) Psycho-social support to affected population, 1.600 318 including IDPs, returnees and host community Risk Mitigation (capital) 0.014 3 members Risk Mitigation (operational) 0.100 12 Preventing gender-based violence in host 1.400 289 Subtotal 12.700 2,549 communities and camps Initiatives supporting elderly and widows 0.100 13 Housing Initiatives to facilitate, support and sustain 2.500 494 Reconstruction of damaged houses 0.029 6 voluntary return Reconstruction of destroyed houses 2.200 435 Subtotal 7.100 1,419 Subtotal 2.200 441 Reconciliation, Peace Building and Community Cohesion Public Buildings Prison facilities for de-radicalisation programme 0.200 34 Police stations 0.200 39 Training 1.100 216 Cultural/historical buildings 4.400 882 DDR technical assistance 0.300 51 Project management 0.500 92 Assessments and studies 0.043 9 Physical contingencies 0.500 101 Micro grants 0.300 69 Cost contingencies 0.300 51 Social fund for CSOs 0.300 69 Subtotal 5.800 1,165 Outreach and advocacy 0.500 109 Water & Sanitation Subtotal 2.800 556 Construction of new water infrastructure for 0.600 129 IDPs host communities and for IDPs return areas Local Governance and Citizen Participation Construction of new Water & sanitation 0.200 32 Establishment and support to community 4.500 900 infrastructure in public places for IDPS host platforms communities and IDPs return areas Training 2.400 480 Sanitation & hygiene promotion in IDPs host 0.700 135 Policy dialogue and mentoring 0.200 40 communities and IDPS return areas Subtotal 7.100 1,420 Institutional support and capacity development 3.200 640 Subtotal 4.700 937 Community Security, Justice, Human Rights, Small Arms Control and Mine Action Establishment of SARC 0.200 34 ICT for case management 0.100 14 Training 0.900 171 Assessments and studies 0.043 9 Model / pilot projects 0.800 151 Micro grants 0.100 29 Services (Oversight, Outreach, Advocacy) 0.300 51 Mine Action Emergency risk education campaign 0.007 1 Mine Action Victim assistance needs assessment 0.017 3 and individual rehabilitation response 38 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 : TARABA US$ Naira (millions) (millions) Community participation on security / SALW 0.100 12 awareness and reduction in the North East enhanced through provision of advocacy and sensitisation the dangers of SALWs Capacity of security apparatus in the North 0.100 20 East strengthened through the provision of best practices in border security and stockpile management. Subtotal 2.500 495 Livelihood Support and Local Economic Recovery Restoration of disrupted and destroyed basic 11.900 2,370 livelihood economic assets Development, strengthening and diversification 2.200 442 of relevant market related skills for self- employment Establishment, development and strengthening 3.400 671 of Agriculture based value chains and agro processing centres Establishment, development and strengthening of 1.000 206 natural resources based and solid minerals value chains and enterprises Subtotal 18.400 3,690 Employment Strengthen institutional capacity of state 1.000 191 employment centres and related institutions General programme for labour force skills 2.000 394 development Women empowerment through skills training for 3.900 789 employment Youth empowerment through skills training for 2.400 473 employment Subtotal 9.200 1,848 *Estimated needs presented in this table exclude water and sanitation-related infrastructure costs in schools and health centres as these are covered under Education & Health sectors, respectively. VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT 39 NORTH-EAST NIGERIA PRIDE OF THE SAHEL Yobe Nigeria - Yobe State: Reference Map 9.667896 10.667896 11.667896 NIGER Njikilamma Togua YUSUFARI Gumsi Buluk Buluk Babilla Diru Matsena Kumagunnam Zumugu Bulanguaram MACHINA Ulmiri Yusufari Faramiram Fajiganari YUNUSARI GarungunaJawa NGURU Gwaiomari Jajibiriri Masakandari Bagayam Margawa Bilelam KARASUWA Maursuri Gadéré Kwubsa Zolo Goni AmaramantiDamnawa Dan Kariwa Ankibulbe Girimari Bukarti Massaba Geidam Digimsa Barburam Kariari Kelluri Chirawa Gabbarua Garandoili Guba Birniwa BaiomariBuruta Putchimiram Jarkasa BADE Gulok Maganwa Dellawa Gurri Dachia BURSARI KwakwarasaHardo Buba Kirikasama Addia Alagarno Kuruawa Shettimari Garun Gabbas Marma Madana Kadera Dumbari GEIDAM Jilli BADE Dunari Teshegwa Katamma Gumsa Kusur Gadua Bilabirin DapchiZogodo Gullamoran Kaugama Kore JAKUSKO Beddegana Daifa Yasku Dakayawa Gurka Jakusko Dumburum Marke Kinsha Alagarno Katagum Mugrum Bornu Kiji Kailu Lantewa Keffin Hausa Makawa Sabon Gari Budua Bindigi Dagazo Zeddi Chungul Bulturi Gubber Shegau Gamawa Marumari TARMUA Biriri Kawia 12.062681 12.062681 Majiri Zago Bulangu Dabalam Bariri Sandigalou Chungul Jabarari Hassanari Gaska Doma Mamajo Dawasa Jajere Gabai Malewa Gatafoa Udubo Larabawa Alagarno Kailalawa Abalago Zindiwa Kolere Kwoi'ula Itas Pakarau Kare Kare Dabugu Gadau Udubo Masho Andelewa Damcuwa Beni Sheik Lizai Madara NANGERE FUNE Karuonguwa Ngabarawa Ngamdu Lafia Dalla Jorau Bamma Dankalwa Dagauda Murba Dambam POTISKUM Garin Basam DAMATURU Gantsa Bulkachuwa Madobi Barguma Kukin Burera Jalam Bokwari Sabou Isawa Shana Bolkolo Gujiba Chinade Didiri DindibusKumuo Zaba Gujba Janga Goniri Shira Duguruma Chana Fagurum Lanpo Adamu Suka Zigau Hardawa Ngarbia Fulani Nafuta Giade Ambia Sade FIKA Kuwa Malori Kila Kare GUJBA Ziawa Jarmowo Jamtari Dibbwol Mutwe Kari Gwagwari Talagala Sabon Gari Buni Warji Farin Dutse Basirka Jigawa Zugu Doksa Galmaska Dumbulwa Kokuwa Bulama Baruo Binde Agum Gabai Manakwa Biusare Daushi Malala GULANI Darazo Dokoro Ugumji o Miya Birri Maro Ndikur Bajoga Bakite Manicodo Tetiba Wawa Gonda Gulani Tongo Gara Bulla Kafin Madaki Nape Bojude Nasarawa Angawan Kutari Bomala Wakili Balbaya State Capital Ninowa Wandali Diri Bauchi o Airport Kwaya Gadam Azume Wade Gubi Paved roads Deba FulaniGwani Chani Wuyo Bahai Kafarati Difa Rivers Gombe Ungwa Canteen o Bogundu o Dungel Ako Garin Lanotali Pelakombo Gidanjo Local government areas Deba Habe Gasi Gukaru Tukulma Jagale Zungur Other States 10.062681 10.062681 9.667896 10.667896 11.667896 40 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 6 : YOBE 6.1 Overview from the data sheets collected and from the RPBA field mission to Yobe. 6.1.1 Key Facts The recovery and peace building process requires a holistic approach TABLE 36 that promotes peace, stability, and social cohesion by addressing the Yobe at a glance rehabilitation of infrastructure and social services while confronting underlying macroeconomic issues to overcome the nexus of insta- State Yobe bility, conflict, and deteriorating development. Lessons from other Capital Damaturu conflict and crisis contexts highlight that rebuilding trust and cohe- Area 45,502 km2 sion is as essential as restoration of services and reconstruction, eco- Predominant languages Kanuri Population (2006 census) 2,321,339 nomic revitalisation, and building livelihoods. Based on the guiding IDPs (IOM Dec. 2015) 131,000 principles laid out in the overall Strategic Recovery and Peace Building __ Main source(s) of income Agriculture and fisheries (80% of Framework, needs have been identified in the three main areas of in- __ population) tervention: (i) peace building, stability, and social cohesion; (ii) in- Governor Ibrahim Geidam Governance 17 LGAs frastructure and social services; and (iii) economic recovery, totalling Internally generated revenue (2015) 1.8 billion Naira more than US$ 722 million for Yobe. 6.1.3 Overview and Pre-crisis Conditions 6.1.2 RPBA background and key findings Yobe State was carved out of Borno State on 27 August 1991. It bor- The North-East Nigeria Recovery and Peace Building Assessment ders Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, and Jigawa, while to the north it borders (RPBA) was conducted under the leadership of the Government of the Republic of Niger. The state covers a land area of 45,502 square Nigeria in partnership with the European Union, United Nations, kilometers. Yobe is primarily a rural state. The majority of the popu- and World Bank. The six states have driven the assessment process. lation live in rural settlements while the rest live in five urban centres. State focal points have guided the coordination of assessment and Before the insurgency, Yobe’s economy was agricultural-based, com- sector focal points have provided detailed data on damage and needs. prised mostly of livestock, crop, horticultural production and fisher- The data have been used to analyse the factors that induced the crisis, ies, gum arabic and palm trees. The state traded with neighbouring the current status of the crisis, and the strategies for sustainable stabi- states and countries, mainly by road. It had a burgeoning tourism lisation and recovery. This report contains detailed data and analysis economy with a number of hotels and restaurants catering to people visiting the local bird sanctuary and parks. TABLE 37 Summary of needs across the three areas of 6.1.4 Impact of the Crisis intervention in Yobe The conflict in North-East Nigeria has had a deep impact on the region. An estimated 20,000 lives have been lost, and nearly two Component Needs cost million people have been forcibly displaced. The human, social, and Naira US$ (millions) (millions) economic losses of the conflict, and the investments for the recov- Peace building, stability, and social cohesion 22.5 4,501 ery, peace building, and reconstruction of the North-East, are over- Infrastructure and social services 668.3 133,658 whelming. The sections below summarise the state level findings of Economic recovery 30.7 6,145 the RPBA in terms of the damages and resulting needs for Yobe State. Total 721.5 144,305 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT 41 NORTH-EAST NIGERIA 6.2 Peace Building, Stability and TABLE 38 Estimated needs for peace building, stability and Social Cohesion social cohesion in Yobe Restoring and enhancing peace, stability, and social cohesion con- stitutes the backbone of the overall recovery efforts, and builds the Sector Needs cost Naira foundation for the effective and smooth implementation of all pro- US$ (millions) (millions) gramme interventions. The objective of this area of intervention is to Safe and voluntary return and resettlement of 7.5 1,496 assess and then address the impacts of conflict on the social fabric and displaced persons on local governance and provision of justice, with particular attention Reconciliation, peace building and community 3 591 cohesion to the effects on IDPs and host communities. Effective responses to Local governance and citizens engagement 7.5 1,503 these challenges will provide the social and political environment for Community security, justice, human rights, 4.6 910 sustainable recovery and longer-term development. The relevant line mine action, small arms control ministries worked with RPBA partners to provide detailed assessment Total 22.5 4,501 data on the cost of recovery needs. 6.2.1 Needs for Peace Building, Stability and Social Cohesion BOX 6.3 The total needs for promoting peace building, stability, and social Impact of the Crisis on Yobe cohesion in Yobe are estimated at around US$ 22.5 million. As a state directly impacted by conflict and displacement, social needs in Yobe After Borno, Yobe has been the state most affected by the Boko Haram are greatest in the subcomponents of ‘local governance and citizen crisis, both in terms of conflict and the population displacement caused engagement, and ‘safe and voluntarily return and resettlement of dis- by the conflict. The RPBA found that Yobe has sustained 13 percent of all placed persons’, with approximately US$ 7.5 million for each of these infrastructure and social service damages in the North-East (US$ 1.2 bil- two subcomponents. It is important to note that basic humanitarian lion). The agricultural sector has been hardest hit, representing 72 percent needs for the safe and voluntary return/resettlement of IDPs, such as of total damages in the state. housing, service delivery, and livelihood support, are accounted for in the other areas of intervention. The peace building and social cohe- Yobe hosts more than 131,000 IDPs, 40 percent from Yobe, and 57 per- sion needs not accounted for in other areas of intervention relate to cent from Borno. Nearly 94 percent of IDPs live in host communities the restitution of the social tissue, reconciliation, and peace building, (IOM, Dec. 2015). The influx has put significant strain on the state econ- restoration of a sense of normalcy and needs of particularly vulner- omy, service delivery, and the social fabric. able sub-groups of IDPs. While estimated costs for the subcompo- Given the fluidity of the security environment, careful and coordinated nent on ‘community security, justice, human-rights, mine action and sequencing of the RBPA and subsequent support will be critical to the small arms control’ are comparatively low among the six North-East recovery and peace building process in Yobe. states, it is essential in terms of ensuring the safe implementation of all programme interventions. Addressing the needs in a holistic and integrated manner is critical for sustainable recovery – certainly in Yobe State – and is seen as a precondition for stability and key for sus- tainable recovery. Many issues addressed in peace building, stability, and social cohesion — and the recommended interventions — are preconditions of future stability and important efforts to overcome Yobe’s long-term development challenges. 42 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 6 : YOBE 6.3 Infrastructure and Social Services TABLE 39 Summary of damages to infrastructure and social The sustainable restoration and improvement of infrastructure and services in Yobe social services is crucial to societal normalisation and stabilisation in the crisis-affected areas, as well as for creating conditions for eventual US$ (millions) Naira (millions) IDPs returns or smooth integration into host communities. The rel- Agriculture 868.7 173,744 evant line ministries provided detailed assessment data on the cost of Education 47.3 9,466 damage attributable to the conflict. The key objectives of this assess- Energy 4.3 859 ment were to (i) characterise and estimate the impact of the crisis on Environment 0.6 119 the physical infrastructure and social services; and (ii) identify needs Health 32.9 6,587 for the restoration and recovery of infrastructure and service delivery. Private housing 118.3 23,660 Public buildings 14.5 2,904 6.3.1 Impacts and Damages Related to Transport 116.8 23,370 Infrastructure and Social Services Water & sanitation 3.6 723 Private enterprise 0.002 0.45 The overall impact of the conflict on infrastructure and social services Total 1,207.20 241,432 is estimated at US$ 1.2 billion. Agriculture accounts for 72 percent of the damages (US$ 868.7 million), followed by private housing (US$ 118 million) and transport (US$ 117 million), at 10 percent each, TABLE 40 accounting for the majority of the remaining damages. Table 39 pro- Infrastructure and social services: estimated vides a detailed overview. In addition to these damages - which can be needs by sector in Yobe directly related to Yobe - the ICT sector across the six states suffered US$ (millions) Naira (millions) damages of US$ 25 million, while the commerce sector was impacted Agriculture 170 34,006 by a loss of US$ 915 million across all six states. Education 77.1 15,421 Energy 3.3 664 6.3.2 Infrastructure and Social Service Needs Environment 15.9 3,176 The total recovery needs for infrastructure and social service interven- Health 86.2 17,234 tions are estimated at US$ 668 million. The biggest needs arise from Private housing 46.6 9,320 agriculture (US$ 170 million), and transport (US$ 127 million). In Public buildings 22.7 4,542 addition, it is estimated that the ICT sector requires recovery inter- Social protection 69.6 13,913 ventions of US$ 272 million across the six states. Table 40 provides Transport 126.7 25,342 an overview of the needs by sector. Water & sanitation 17.2 3,442 Community Infrastructure Contingency 33 6,598 Total 668.3 133,658 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT 43 NORTH-EAST NIGERIA 6.4 Economic Impacts and TABLE 42 Estimated needs for economic recovery Recovery Needs Creating jobs and opportunities to earn a decent living is a critical Sector Needs costs step to ensure stability, reduce volatility, and protect the social sense US$ (millions) Naira (millions) of belonging, particularly for members of the affected communities Livelihood support and local 19.6 3,921 economic recovery and vulnerable youth. The assessment provides estimated impacts Employment 11.1 2,224 on local macroeconomics (output and price), which have further Total 30.7 6,145 implications for key sector activities, livelihoods, and employment. Recovery needs are recommended to restore livelihoods and promote and tailored proposals for different groups of affected people such as: employment to facilitate short-term economic stabilisation as well as (i) general population in the North-East; (ii) IDPs; (iii) host commu- to assist the state government to sustain economic recovery in the nities; (iv) returnees; and (v) vulnerable groups, which include youth, medium term. elderly, and women. The specific needs, as identified for the different sub components, are presented in Table 42. It is estimated that US$ 6.4.1 Macroeconomic Impacts 245 million is required for reviving the private sector and promote The crisis has further aggravated the already weak development of trade across the six affected states, a substantial amount of which will Yobe. It is estimated that Yobe suffered an accumulated output loss be required for Yobe-related interventions. Livelihood support and measured by GDP by US$ 1.1 billion (Naira 222 billion) between local economic recovery require US$ 19.6 million, while the needs 2011 and 2015, while prices rose by nearly 7 percent. The combina- for employment schemes, training and support to women, youth, and tion of output loss and price increases implies a significant reduction vulnerable groups sum up to US$ 11.1 million. in the welfare of residents in the state (see table 41). TABLE 41 Estimated impacts on state output and prices, 2011-2015 GDP loss GDP loss Inflation, All Inflation, State (US$, millions) (Naira, billions) items Food Yobe 1,111.5 222.3 6.6 0.7 Source: World Bank Staff estimate using the Central Bank of Nigeria data 6.4.2 Needs for Economic Recovery and Employment Recommendations for economic recovery are premised on an under- standing that socio-economic recovery in troubled communities is strongly linked to job creation and economic restoration. In view of this, other recommendations for implementing potential interven- tions include an inclusive, pro-poor approach to economic recovery 44 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 6 : YOBE 6.5 Detailed Sector Damages and Needs Tables for Yobe State 6.5.1 Detailed Sector Damages for Yobe State US$ Naira (millions) (millions) US$ Naira (millions) (millions) Health Agriculture Health posts 17.600 3,532 Peasant farms 295.500 59,097 PHC centres 8.400 1,678 Gardens 7.600 1,523 Comprehensive health centres 3.300 657 Irrigation and drainage systems 255.200 51,043 Secondary hospitals 3.600 720 Agricultural machinery and equipment 4.200 840 Total 32.900 6,587 Storage and other buildings 124.900 24,976 Housing Plantations 6.700 1,343 Private housing 118.300 23,660 Seeds 35.900 7,179 Public Buildings Pesticides 24.500 4,903 Prisons 0.300 54 Fertiliser 0.400 73 Audit offices 0.300 57 Poultry 0.200 33 Post offices 0.300 50 Cattle 71.200 14,231 Police stations 1.500 310 Fisheries 0.015 3 Police barracks 0.700 150 Sheep and goat 14.400 2,880 Election offices 0.800 155 Village markets 4.500 903 Cultural/historical buildings 1.300 258 Markets 9.700 1,948 Local Government building 7.400 1,470 Transportation services 7.400 1,481 Ministry buildings 1.500 301 Agro processing services 5.800 1,164 Other buildings 0.500 99 Training services 0.300 55 Total 14.500 2,904 Farm building 0.200 34 Boreholes 0.037 7 Transport Stock route 0.100 28 Federal road 60.600 12,118 Total 868.700 173,744 State/LGA road 15.500 3,108 Bridges (3) 7.900 1,584 Education Bus 13.400 2,685 6-classroom block 20.600 4,125 Car 13.900 2,787 Office block 3.100 617 Asphalt plant 4.500 889 Hand pump borehole 0.400 83 Stone crusher 1.000 200 Motorised borehole/overhead tank 1.400 289 Total 116.900 23,370 Latrines (2 blocks, each 3 compartments) 2.100 413 Classroom rehabilitation 2.900 587 Water & Sanitation Pupil seat 1.000 196 Water Damages Teacher table & chair 0.100 17 Total cost of damages to water infrastructure in 1.300 255 communities & institutions Perimeter fence 15.700 3,140 Sanitation Damages Total 47.300 9,466 Total cost of damages to institutional sanitation 2.300 468 Environment infrastructure Forest /woodlots/wildlife 0.020 4 Total 3.600 723 Economic tree/orchards 0.400 89 Protected areas/national parks 0.100 11 Waste management infrastructure 0.100 15 Total 0.600 119 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT 45 NORTH-EAST NIGERIA 6.5.2 Detailed Sector Needs for Yobe State US$ Naira (millions) (millions) US$ Naira (millions) (millions) Health Agriculture Health care facilities/infrastructure & equipment 53.200 10,634 Gardens 0.300 60 Service provision (operational) 26.400 5,280 Irrigation and drainage systems 64.100 12,821 Service provision (capital) 3.600 720 Agricultural machinery and equipment 1.400 280 Health system restoration (capacity building) 0.400 84 Storage and other buildings 15.500 3,098 Health system restoration (operational) 0.600 126 Plantations 0.042 8 Governance & Early Warning Systems (capital) 0.500 90 Food Assistance 45.500 9,100 Governance & Early Warning Systems 1.100 210 (operational) Supplementary food assistance for 4 months of 15.500 3,095 food around lean season Risk Mitigation (capital) 0.100 18 Extension services 4.100 816 Risk Mitigation (operational) 0.400 72 Input support in host communities 11.200 2,245 Subtotal 86.200 17,234 Dry season vegetable support 5.100 1,026 Housing HH support for small-scale food processing & 0.400 71 Reconstruction of Damaged houses 4.100 811 preservation Reconstruction of Destroyed houses 42.500 8,509 Support for sheep production 0.900 187 Subtotal 46.600 9,320 HH support for goat production 0.700 147 HH support for poultry production 3.600 716 Public Buildings Crop production support for returnees 1.700 334 Public Building category 0.300 50 Subtotal 170.000 34,006 Prisons 0.100 29 Audit offices 0.100 29 Education Post offices 2.700 547 Construction of 6-classroom block 20.600 4,125 Police stations 0.200 32 Office block 3.100 617 Police barracks 0.800 161 Hand pump borehole 0.400 83 Development area office 0.600 124 Motorised borehole/overhead tank 1.400 289 Cultural/historical buildings 7.000 1,403 Latrines (2 blocks, each 3 compartments) 2.100 413 Local Government building 0.700 144 Classroom rehabilitation 2.900 587 Ministry buildings 5.400 1,073 Pupil seat 1.000 196 Project management 1.800 359 Teacher table & chair 0.100 17 Physical contingencies 2.000 395 Perimeter fence 15.700 3,140 Cost contingencies 1.000 198 Capital costs for IDPs education services 23.800 4,755 Subtotal 22.700 4,542 Recurrent costs for IDPs education services 6.000 1,200 Subtotal 77.100 15,421 Transport Federal road 60.600 12,118 Energy State/LGA road 15.500 3,108 Distribution substations 1.100 228 Bridges 7.900 1,584 Distribution lines 1.500 293 Public transport 13.400 2,685 Solar street lighting 0.700 143 Project management & contingencies 29.200 5,848 Subtotal 3.300 664 Subtotal 126.700 25,342 Environment Forests, orchards, wetlands and protected areas 2.100 421 Solid waste management 3.300 659 ERW risk reduction 2.400 478 Debris management 8.100 1,617 Subtotal 15.900 3,176 46 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 6 : YOBE US$ Naira US$ Naira (millions) (millions) (millions) (millions) Water & Sanitation Community Security, Justice, Human Rights, Small Arms Control and Mine Reconstruction and rehabilitation of water 3.700 738 Action infrastructure in communities, institutions, and Establishment of SARC 0.200 36 public buildings ICT for case management 0.100 15 Reconstruction and rehabilitation of sanitation 1.500 302 Training 0.900 181 infrastructure in institutions, and public buildings Assessments and studies 0.046 9 Construction of new water infrastructure for 2.700 546 Model / pilot projects 0.800 161 IDPs host communities and IDPs return areas Micro grants 0.200 30 Construction of new water & sanitation 0.700 137 Services (Oversight, Outreach, Advocacy) 0.300 55 infrastructure in public places for IDPs host Mine Action Emergency risk education campaign 0.300 66 communities and IDPs return areas Mine Action Integrated survey of hazardous 0.700 149 Sanitation & hygiene promotion in IDPs host 1.500 298 areas with risk education and explosive ordnance communities and IDPs return areas disposal Institutional support and capacity development 7.100 1,420 Mine Action Victim assistance needs assessment 0.800 167 Subtotal 17.200 3,442 and individual rehabilitation response Community Infrastructure Contingency Community participation on security / SALW 0.100 20 awareness and reduction in the North-East Subtotal 32.900 6,598 enhanced through provision of advocacy and sensitisation the dangers of SALWs Safe and Voluntarily Return and Resettlement of Displaced Persons Capacity of security apparatus in the North- 0.100 20 Support and strengthen broader access to basic 0.300 52 East strengthened through the provision of needs at local level for new IDPs and IDPs with best practices in border security and stockpile no intention to return in short to medium term management. Initiatives supporting separated/unaccompanied 1.300 267 Subtotal 4.600 910 children IDPs and Returnees Psycho-social support to affected population, 1.700 335 Livelihood Support and Local economic Recovery including IDPs, returnees and host community Restoration of disrupted and destroyed basic 12.600 2,518 members livelihood economic assets Preventing gender-based violence in host 1.500 307 Development, strengthening and diversification 2.300 470 communities and camps of relevant market related skills for self- Initiatives supporting elderly and widows 0.100 13 employment Initiatives to facilitate, support and sustain 2.600 523 Establishment, development and strengthening 3.600 713 voluntary return of Agriculture based value chains and agro processing Centres Subtotal 7.500 1,496 Establishment, development and strengthening of 1.100 219 Reconciliation, Peace Building and Community Cohesion natural resources based and solid minerals value Prison facilities for de-radicalisation programme 0.200 36 chains and enterprises Training 1.100 230 Subtotal 19.600 3,921 DDR technical assistance 0.300 55 Employment Assessments and studies 0.046 9 Strengthen institutional capacity of state 1.000 192 Micro grants 0.400 73 employment centres and related institutions Social fund for CSOs 0.400 73 General programme for labour force skills 2.400 484 development Outreach and advocacy 0.600 115 Women empowerment through skills training for 4.800 968 Subtotal 3.000 591 employment Local Governance and Citizen Participation Youth empowerment through skills training for 2.900 581 Establishment and support to community 4.700 952 employment platforms Subtotal 11.100 2,224 Training 2.500 502 Policy dialogue and mentoring 0.200 49 Subtotal 7.500 1,504 VOLUME III : STATE REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT 47 NORTH-EAST NIGERIA References 1 __ UNDP, 2009 Human Development Report for Nigeria. __ 2 The land area estimates vary across difference sources, from 49,100 square km to 49,259 square km. This report used the number retrieved from “Bauchi State Statistical Yearbook (2010-2012)”. 3 “Bauchi State Statistical Yearbook (2010-2012)”. 4 World Bank, 2010, “Doing Business in Nigeria 2010”. 5 IOM, Displacement Tracking Matrix, Dec. 2015. 6 “Gombe State Vision 2020”. 7 “Economic Associates Report 2008”. 48 VOLUME II : COMPONENT REPORTS RECOVERY AND PEACE BUILDING ASSESSMENT The North-East has suffered tremendously in the past six years. We have all been witness to the destruction of infrastructure, farmlands, businesses and trades, of schools and the loss of school years. Rebuilding, restoring and rehabilitating what has been lost or damaged will cost money and time. ...the tasks before us are many and profound but paramount: to fix brick and mortar and to mend hearts and minds damaged by senseless, murderous violence. − His Excellency, Professor Yemi Osinbajo, the Vice President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria About the Recovery and Peace Building Assessment (RPBA): On 21 August 2015, the Government of Nigeria requested assistance in assessing the needs associated with peace building and crisis recovery. Support has been provided in accordance with the 2008 Joint European Union (EU) – United Nations (UN) – World Bank (WB) Declaration on crisis assessment and recovery planning. A Recovery and Peace Building Assessment was initiated and findings are presented in this report. The Recovery and Peace Building Assessment (RPBA) informs a collective vision and strategy on peace building and recovery, and provides a framework for coordinated and coherent support to assist con- flict-affected people in the North-East. The assessment covers the six States of Borno, Yobe, Adamawa, Gombe, Taraba, and Bauchi, and provides an overarching framework for stability, peace building, and recovery. The RPBA is founded on the recognition that a durable resolution to the conflict in the North-East requires addressing the structural and underlying drivers of violent conflict. This understanding has also underpinned the identification and prioritisation of needs presented in this report. THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA