92494 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies A COMPREHENSIVE REPORT OF THE 2011 INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON PROGRAM © 2015 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 17 16 15 14 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. 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Contents Foreword................................................................................................................................................... xi Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................... xiii Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................................... xvii Overview.....................................................................................1 Governance of ICP 2011 ......................................................................................................................... 2 Regional and Country Coverage ............................................................................................................ 2 Methodology and Innovations ................................................................................................................ 3 ICP 2011 versus ICP 2005 ....................................................................................................................... 5 The ICP 2011 Results: An Overview....................................................................................................... 5 Organization of This Report .................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 1 Background ................................................................................9 Organization of ICP 2011 ...................................................................................................................... 10 The ICP Approach to GDP Comparisons............................................................................................... 11 Exchange Rates..................................................................................................................................... 12 Purchasing Power Parities .................................................................................................................... 13 Price Level Indexes ............................................................................................................................... 13 Real Expenditures ................................................................................................................................. 14 Actual Individual Consumption............................................................................................................. 14 Uses of PPPs and Real Expenditures ................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 2 Presentation and Analysis of Results ..................................17 Presentation of Results ........................................................................................................................ 17 Analysis of Results ............................................................................................................................. 152 Reliability and Limitations of PPPs and Real Expenditures............................................................... 167 Differences between the 2005 and 2011 Comparisons .................................................................... 170 Comparing 2011 PPPs Extrapolated from ICP 2005 and ICP 2011 Benchmark PPPs ........................ 172 Chapter 3 Data Requirements ...............................................................175 Conceptual Framework ....................................................................................................................... 175 Surveys and Data Collection .............................................................................................................. 182 Data Validation ................................................................................................................................... 193 v Chapter 4 Methodologies Used to Calculate Regional and Global PPPs ............................................................................203 Household Consumption..................................................................................................................... 204 Comparison-Resistant Components ................................................................................................... 206 Reference PPPs ................................................................................................................................... 210 Aggregating Linked Basic Heading PPPs to GDP............................................................................... 211 Special Situations ............................................................................................................................... 211 Imputing PPPs for Nonparticipating Economies ................................................................................ 212 Appendix A History of the International Comparison Program (ICP)..... 215 Appendix B Governance of ICP 2011 .......................................................219 Appendix C Eurostat-OECD PPP Programme ........................................223 Eurostat-OECD Comparisons .............................................................................................................. 223 Organization of the 2011 Comparison ............................................................................................... 224 Data Collection for the 2011 Comparison.......................................................................................... 225 Calculation and Aggregation of PPPS................................................................................................. 227 Additional Information ........................................................................................................................ 227 Appendix D ICP Expenditure Classification ...........................................229 Deriving Actual Individual Consumption ............................................................................................ 229 Facilitating the Input Price Approach ................................................................................................ 230 Adjusting the Household Expenditure to the National Concept ....................................................... 231 Appendix E National Accounts: Estimation, Compliance, and Exhaustiveness.......................................................................241 Estimation ........................................................................................................................................... 241 Compliance and Exhaustiveness ........................................................................................................ 244 Appendix F Changes in Methodology between the 2005 and 2011 ICP Rounds .............................................................................251 Household Consumption: Product Selection and Important Products .............................................. 252 Housing Rents ..................................................................................................................................... 253 Government Compensation ................................................................................................................ 254 Construction ........................................................................................................................................ 254 Estimating Within-Region PPPS.......................................................................................................... 256 Linking the Regions ............................................................................................................................ 257 Summary ............................................................................................................................................. 258 Appendix G Reference PPPs Used in ICP 2011 .......................................259 Appendix H Updated ICP 2005 Results ....................................................263 Appendix I Comparison of ICP 2011 Results with 2011 Results Extrapolated from ICP 2005 ..................................275 Appendix J ICP 2011 Data Access and Archiving Policy .....................283 Context ............................................................................................................................................... 283 Data Access Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 283 Guiding Principles ............................................................................................................................... 284 Procedures for Data Archiving ........................................................................................................... 285 Procedures for Data Access ............................................................................................................... 285 vi Contents Appendix K ICP Revision Policy ...............................................................287 Triggers for Revising ICP Indicators ................................................................................................... 288 Guidelines for Revising ICP Indicators ............................................................................................... 288 Timing and Communication of Revisions ........................................................................................... 289 Glossary ........................................................................................................ 291 References .................................................................................................... 305 Boxes 1.1 Using Exchange Rates and PPPs to Convert to a Common Currency ................ 12 2.1 Analytical Categories: Tables 2.2–2.11 and Supplementary Tables 2.12 and 2.13............................................................................................. 19 3.1 Standardized Price Ratios ................................................................................... 197 E.1 MORES Worksheets, ICP 2011 .......................................................................... 242 E.2 ICP National Accounts Quality Assurance Questionnaire, ICP 2011 ................ 245 E.3 Types of Nonexhaustiveness Identified in GDP Exhaustiveness Questionnaire, ICP 2011 .................................................................................... 247 Figures 2.1 Percentage of PPP-Based and Exchange Rate–Based GDP and Population by Income Group, ICP 2011 and ICP 2005 ...................................................... 153 2.2 PPP-Based and Exchange Rate–Based GDP Regional Shares (World = 100), ICP 2011 .................................................................................... 153 2.3 Index of Regional Average Real Expenditures Per Capita (World = 100) on Major Aggregates (PPP-Based), ICP 2011 .............................156 2.4 Real GDP Per Capita and Shares of Global Population, ICP 2011 .................... 158 2.5 GDP Price Level Index versus GDP Per Capita (and Size of GDP Expenditures), ICP 2011 ........................................................................... 160 2.6 GDP Price Level Index versus Expenditure Per Capita with Trend Lines, Eurostat-OECD and Non–Eurostat-OECD Economies, ICP 2011 ..................... 161 2.7 Regional Average Price Level Indexes by GDP and Major Aggregates, ICP 2011 ......................................................................................... 162 2.8 Regional Average Price Level Indexes (World = 100) for GDP and 15 Aggregates, ICP 2011 ......................................................................................... 164 2.9 Coefficients of Variation (CVs): GDP Per Capita Index and Price Level Indexes (PLIs) for GDP and Major Aggregates by Region, ICP 2011 ................ 165 2.10 Lorenz Curve for ICP 2011 and ICP 2005 GDP Per Capita Distribution ........... 167 Tables O.1 Number of Participating Economies, by ICP Region, ICP 2011 ............................ 3 2.1 Summary Results and Reference Data, ICP 2011................................................ 24 Contents vii 2.2 Nominal Expenditures in National Currency Units, ICP 2011............................ 30 2.3 Shares of Nominal Expenditures (GDP = 100), ICP 2011 ................................... 42 2.4 Purchasing Power Parities (U.S. Dollar = 1.00), ICP 2011 .................................. 54 2.5 Real Expenditures in U.S. Dollars, ICP 2011 ....................................................... 66 2.6 Shares of World Real Expenditures (World = 100), ICP 2011 ............................ 78 2.7 Real Expenditures Per Capita in U.S. Dollars, ICP 2011 ..................................... 90 2.8 Indexes of Real Expenditures Per Capita (World = 100), ICP 2011.................. 102 2.9 Price Level Indexes (World = 100), ICP 2011 ................................................... 114 2.10 Nominal Expenditures in U.S. Dollars, ICP 2011 .............................................. 126 2.11 Nominal Expenditures Per Capita in U.S. Dollars, ICP 2011 ............................ 138 2.12 Main Results and Reference Data, Pacific Islands, ICP 2011 ............................ 150 2.13 Estimated Results and Reference Data, Nonbenchmark Economies, ICP 2011......................................................................................................... 151 2.14 Twelve Largest Economies by Share of World GDP, ICP 2011 .......................... 154 2.15 Percentage of GDP to U.S. GDP (PPP-Based) for 12 Largest Economies, ICP 2011 and ICP 2005 ...................................................................................... 154 2.16 Regional Shares of World GDP and Major Aggregates, ICP 2011 ..................... 155 2.17 Shares of World Expenditure on Construction and Machinery and Equipment of Economies with Largest Construction Shares, ICP 2011 ........... 155 2.18 PPP-Based Shares of World GDP and Per Capita Measures: High-, Middle-, and Low-Income Economies, ICP 2011 .................................. 156 2.19 PPP-Based and Exchange Rate–Based GDP Per Capita Expenditures for the 10 Economies with the Largest and Smallest Values and Ratios Relative to the United States, ICP 2011............................................................. 157 2.20 PPP-Based and Exchange Rate–Based Actual Individual Consumption (AIC) Per Capita and Ratios Relative to the United States, ICP 2011 ............................ 159 2.21 Economies with Highest and Lowest Price Level Indexes (PLIs), ICP 2011 .......161 2.22 Population-Weighted Gini Coefficient for ICP Economies, ICP 2011 and ICP 2005 ...................................................................................................... 166 3.1 Number of Priced Global Core Products per Region and Survey, ICP 2011 ..... 183 3.2 Machinery and Equipment Core Product List, ICP 2011 .................................. 191 D.1 Structure of the ICP Expenditure Classification, ICP 2011 ............................... 230 D.2 Expenditure Classification, ICP 2011 ................................................................. 231 E.1 Economic Activities, Expenditure Categories, and Income Transactions Identified in Exhaustiveness Questionnaire, ICP 2011 ..................................... 248 G.1 Reference PPPs, ICP 2011 .................................................................................. 260 viii Contents H.1 Revised ICP 2005 Summary Results: GDP......................................................... 264 H.2 Analytical ICP 2005 Summary Results Using the Country Aggregation with Redistribution (CAR) Method: GDP ..................................... 269 I.1 Comparison of ICP 2011 Global Results with Data in World Development Indicators (Extrapolation from ICP 2005) ......................................................... 276 Contents ix Foreword The International Comparison Program (ICP) is under the overall auspices of the United Nations a worldwide statistical initiative—the largest in Statistical Commission, the program would not geographical scope, in implementation time have been such a success without the invaluable frame, and in institutional partnership. It esti- theoretical, conceptual, and methodological mates purchasing power parities (PPPs) for use advice of the ICP Technical Advisory Group of as currency converters to compare the size and renowned experts. price levels of economies around the world. The Thanks to the relentless efforts of all those par- previous round of the program, for reference ticipating in this federated governance structure, year 2005, covered 146 economies. The 2011 the work of ICP 2011 was carried out according to ICP round covered 199 economies from eight a schedule that, by and large, has remained regions, seven of them geographical: Africa, Asia unchanged since the inception of the round in the and the Pacific, Commonwealth of Independent fourth quarter of 2009—an achievement in itself States, Latin America, the Caribbean, Western in view of the complexity of such an undertaking. Asia, and the Pacific Islands. The eighth region All this testifies to the effectiveness of the system comprised the economies participating in the that was rolled out to manage the program and regular PPP program managed by the Statistical implement related statistical operations. Indeed, Office of the European Communities (Eurostat) an economy cannot by itself produce a PPP with and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation other economies. Likewise, a region cannot by and Development (OECD). itself generate interregional PPPs with other On behalf of the ICP Executive Board and the regions. Therefore, there is no other statistical pro- World Bank, we would like to thank all those who gram that requires as much cooperation and trust contributed to the success of the 2011 ICP program: across economies and between regions as the ICP. the national coordinating agencies that collected Methodological improvements covering four the necessary data in each economy; the regional major areas were introduced in the 2011 round coordinating agencies that supported country of the ICP, leveraging the very strong base pro- activities, compiled the results, and produced vided by ICP 2005. First, the survey frame- regional estimates—the African Development works were further aligned with the ICP Bank, Asian Development Bank, Interstate conceptual framework to ensure that related Statistical Committee of the Commonwealth of data collection would yield the most reliable Independent States, United Nations Economic average prices possible, and instruments for Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, price surveys were enhanced accordingly. United Nations Economic and Social Commission Second, an ICP national accounts framework for Western Asia, Australian Bureau of Statistics, was developed to ensure that expenditure val- OECD, and Eurostat; and the ICP Global Office, ues were compiled in compliance with the which coordinated and managed the work at the System of National Accounts, while also ensur- global level. The office is hosted by the Development ing consistency with the prices collected and Data Group at the World Bank Group. generating the relevant metadata documenta- Although the responsibility for oversight tion. Third, the Ring approach used in 2005 to rested with the ICP Executive Board established link the regions and the Eurostat-OECD PPPs to xi the global results was changed to a global core and they are explicitly described in this report. list approach in which all participating econo- Because of the many important changes in eco- mies were asked to include a common set of nomic and price structures since 2005 and a items in the regional list of products they sur- number of methodological improvements, users veyed. Fourth, more broadly, a research agenda of the data are urged to be cautious when com- was established and then implemented by the paring the ICP 2011 results with those for Technical Advisory Group and other experts to ICP 2005. advise the Global Office on the price survey, We believe the ICP 2011 results represent the expenditure compilation, data validation, and most comprehensive price data and gross domes- computation processes to be applied at the tic product (GDP) expenditure values, using the country, regional, and global levels. best methods that have ever been developed. In other developments, all major knowledge We are also very pleased to see that ICP-related items related to the most recent ICP rounds activities have played a fruitful role in the were consolidated in a book entitled Measuring regions, serving as capacity-building platforms the Real Size of the World Economy: The Framework, in the areas of prices and national accounts Methodology, and Results of the International statistics. Comparison Program (ICP) (World Bank 2013). We trust that users of the ICP 2011 results The items are also available on the ICP website will find this report useful and that those results (http://icp.worldbank.org), which was will form a crucial information base for research revamped to better serve as a repository of ICP in comparative analysis and policy making. We knowledge resources and data. Meanwhile, a hope that in the future, more regular data col- comprehensive ICP quality assurance frame- lection and compilation will support a more work was developed to ensure that major ICP frequent PPP exercise at the global level. principles were being met at the country, Once again, we wish to express our sincere regional, and global levels. The aim of the thanks to all those involved in this very gratify- framework was to introduce rigor, structure, ing undertaking. and common criteria for assessment of the quality of the input data and the results pro- Martine Durand duced. As part of the quality and transparency OECD Chief Statistician objective, at the global level parallel and inde- Chair, ICP Executive Board pendent processes were established for the vali- dation of input data, computation of PPPs, and Haishan Fu review of the final results. Finally, the limita- Director tions of the data and methods were identified, Development Data Group, World Bank xii Foreword Acknowledgments The International Comparison Program (ICP) is whose directors during this ICP round were the largest worldwide statistical operation. The Shaida Badiee and then Haishan Fu and whose 2011 round of the ICP was a complex exercise, managers were Misha Belkindas and then Grant conceptually and organizationally, and the James Cameron. The World Bank equipped the Global Office is pleased that, thanks to the strong Global Office with all the necessary workplace engagement of the 199 participating economies resources and provided support for various in the entire process, we succeeded in bringing it organs of the program’s governance structure. to fruition. As the decision-making and strategic body of The 2011 ICP round saw changes on several ICP governance, the ICP 2011 Executive Board fronts by leveraging the successful implementa- provided leadership and ensured strict adher- tion of the 2005 round: the scope of the exercise ence to the program’s objectives and strategic was broadened; quality assessment processes lines. Its successive chairs are hereby thanked were streamlined; and statistical capacity- for their leadership: Oystein Olsen, Enrico building activities were carried out with a spe- Giovannini, and Martine Durand. Thanks are cific focus on price statistics and implementation also extended to the institutions represented of the System of National Accounts. In addition, on the board: African Development Bank, several improvements were introduced: prepa- Asian Development Bank, Australian Bureau ration and implementation of an ICP data qual- of Statistics, Brazilian Institute of Geography ity assurance framework; development of a and Statistics, China’s National Bureau of national accounts framework for the ICP that Statistics, Interstate Statistical Committee of the was implemented using specifically defined Commonwealth of Independent States, Eurostat, guidelines for activities; development of a global Statistics Department of the IMF, India’s Ministry core list of goods and services that were priced of Statistics and Programme Implementation, by all the participating economies in addition to France’s National Institute for Statistics and their regional lists; introduction of a new method Economic Studies, Italy’s National Institute for for construction and civil engineering; and Statistics, Mexico’s National Institute for Statistics improvements in the approach to computing and Geography, Organisation for Economic global purchasing power parities (PPPs). Co-operation and Development (OECD), Russian All these achievements were made possible by Federation Federal State Statistics Service, Saudi the financial support of donors who contributed Arabia Central Department of Statistics and to specifically established trust funds. Special Information, Senegal National Agency for thanks go to the United Kingdom’s Department Statistics and Demography, Statistics Canada, for International Development (DFID), Australian Statistics Norway, Statistics South Africa, Uganda Agency for International Development (Aus- Bureau of Statistics, United Nations Economic AID), International Monetary Fund (IMF), Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Islamic Development Bank, Norway’s Ministry of United Nations Economic and Social Commission Foreign Affairs, and the World Bank. for Western Asia, United Nations Statistics The ICP Global Office is hosted by the World Division, U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Bank’s Development Data Group (DECDG), and the World Bank’s Development Data Group. xiii The Technical Advisory Group deserves special the ICP, the cornerstone of the program is the acknowledgment. Under the chairmanship of national coordinating agencies, which are Erwin Diewert and then the co-chairmanship of responsible for the bulk of ICP activities, from Paul McCarthy and Frederic Vogel, technical price data collection to the compilation of the issues linked to the conceptual integrity and national accounts expenditure data. The 2011 methodological adequacy of the program were participating economies demonstrated com- addressed by the group’s experts: Luigi Biggeri, plete commitment and dedication to the ICP. Angus Deaton, Yuri Dikhanov, Qiu Dong, Louis We truly owe them utmost respect and appre- Marc Ducharme, Alan Heston, Robert Hill, Youri ciation for the amazing job they did in carrying Ivanov, Francette Koechlin, Paulus Konijn, Vasily out the rigorous ICP activities over the last few Kouznetsov, Tom Andersen Langer, Julian May, years. Prasada Rao, Sergey Sergeev, Mick Silver, Jim The Global Office also recognizes the technical Thomas, Marcel Timmer, and Kim Zieschang. The advice provided by various experts, including the Technical Advisory Group was assisted by various Academy for Educational Development, Roger experts on some topics, including Derek Blades, Akers, Eric Peter Bruggeman, Richard Dibley, Richard Dibley, Jim Meikle, and David Roberts. Gylliane Gervais, Simon Humphries, Robert The results of ICP 2011 were calculated by the Inklaar, Albert Keidel, Troy Michael Martin, group of experts forming the PPP Computation Joseph McCormack, Jim Meikle, William Vigil Task Force: Bettina Aten, Yuri Dikhanov, Alan Oliver, Ehraz Refayet, Gary Reid, Michael Scholz, Heston, Robert Hill, Francette Koechlin, Paulus Ruben Suarez, Michael Thomas, and Dennis Konijn, and Sergey Sergeev. The results under- Trewin. Nicole El-Hajj, Rouba Romanos, and went the quality review of the experts forming Rachel Wilkins provided the ICP with valuable the Results Review Group: Angus Deaton, Erwin translation services. The consulting firms TATA Diewert, Alan Heston, Paul McCarthy, Prasada and Prognoz helped to develop the software tools Rao, and Frederic Vogel. that supported implementation of the program. Our achievement was made possible by the This report was drafted by the Global Office relentless work of the regional coordinators: and David Roberts with input from Paul Oliver Chinganya (Africa), Chellam Palanyandy McCarthy, Prasada Rao, and Frederic Vogel. It (Asia and the Pacific), Andrey Kosarev was edited by Sabra Bissette Ledent. The cover (Commonwealth of Independent States), David was designed by Jomo Tariku. Roberts and Derek Blades (Georgia-Armenia The Global Office team responsible for the bilateral), Giovanni Savio (Latin America and day-to-day work was Morgan Brannon, Yuri the Caribbean), Athol Maritz (Pacific Islands), Dikhanov, Biokou Mathieu Djayeola, Federico and Majed Skaini (Western Asia), as well as the Escaler, Christelle Signo Kouame, Marko Olavi great cooperation of Francette Koechlin and Rissanen, Virginia Romand, and Mizuki Paulus Konijn, who were leading the Eurostat- Yamanaka. Recognition for their efforts is also OECD PPP program. This testifies to the effective given to former Global Office members Miglena partnership between the Global Office and the Abels, Olga Akcadag, Claude Djekadom regional agencies that assumed coordination of Walendom, Imededdine Jerbi, Min Ji Lee, the ICP in their various regions: African Kyung Sam Min, Inyoung Song, Seong Heon Development Bank, Asian Development Bank, Song, and Estela Zamora. Several colleagues Australian Bureau of Statistics, Interstate from other DECDG units provided valuable sup- Statistical Committee of the Commonwealth of port to the Global Office: Awatif H. Abuzeid, Independent States, United Nations Economic Azita Amjadi, Colleen Burke, Lisa Burke, Ying Commission for Latin America and the Chi, Shelley Fu, Omar Hadi, Hulda Hunter, Caribbean, and United Nations Economic and Elysee Kiti, Vilas Mandlekar, Maurice Nsabimana, Social Commission for Western Asia, as well as Parastoo Oloumi, Beatriz Prieto-Oramas, Eurostat and OECD. William Prince, and Premi Rathan Raj. I was Although the Global Office and the regional privileged to lead the Global Office with the out- coordinators play a crucial role in implementing standing collaboration of Nada Hamadeh, the xiv Acknowledgments current ICP team leader, who acted as de facto played by the national implementing agencies deputy global manager. in all the 199 participating economies. We all As a team, we are grateful to all the dedi- share the credit for the production of this cated experts and international and regional unique public good. institutions that contributed their knowledge, expertise, time, and resources to this daunting Michel Mouyelo-Katoula effort. We particularly recognize the major role ICP 2011 Global Manager Acknowledgments xv Abbreviations AIC actual individual consumption CAR country aggregation with redistribution (procedure) CEP consumption expenditure of the population CIS Commonwealth of Independent States COFOG Classification of the Function of Government COICOP Classification of Individual Consumption according to Purpose COMECON Council for Mutual Economic Assistance CPD country product dummy (method) CPD-W country product dummy-weighted (method) CPRD country product representative dummy (method) Eurostat Statistical Office of the European Union FISIM financial intermediation services indirectly measured f.o.b. free on board GDP gross domestic product GEKS Gini-Èltetö-Köves-Szulc (method) GNI gross national income ICP International Comparison Program (Project prior to 1989) ILO International Labour Organization IMF International Monetary Fund MORES Model Report on Expenditure Statistics NBS National Bureau of Statistics (China) NCA national coordinating agency n.e.c. not elsewhere classified NPISH nonprofit institution serving households OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PISA Programme for International Student Assessment PLI price level index PPP purchasing power parity RCA regional coordinating agency SAR special administrative region SNA System of National Accounts SPD structured product description TAG Technical Advisory Group (ICP) TFP total factor productivity UN United Nations UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization xvii UNSC United Nations Statistical Commission UNSD United Nations Statistics Division UNSO United Nations Statistics Office VAT value added tax XR exchange rate All dollar amounts are U.S. dollars unless otherwise indicated. xviii Abbreviations Overview The International Comparison Program (ICP) regional and global inequality in incomes and is a large and highly complex worldwide statis- consumption; and estimates of the incidence of tical program conducted under the charter of absolute poverty using World Bank–developed the United Nations Statistical Commission yardsticks such as the US$1 a day and $2 a day (UNSC). The ICP is designed to provide glob- poverty lines.1 ally comparable economic aggregates in ICP 2011, the latest round of the ICP, is the national accounts that can be used by individ- eighth phase of the program. The first phase in ual researchers, analysts, and policy makers at 1970 saw very limited program coverage, only the national and international levels and by 10 economies. By contrast, the 2011 round has international organizations such as the achieved, for the first time, truly global cover- European Union, International Monetary age by including 199 economies from all regions Fund, Organisation for Economic Co-operation of the world. The seven geographic regions cov- and Development (OECD), United Nations, ered by ICP 2011 were Africa, Asia and the and World Bank. Over its lifetime, the ICP has Pacific, Commonwealth of Independent States become the principal source of data on the (CIS), Latin America, the Caribbean, Western purchasing power parities (PPPs) of currencies, Asia, and the Pacific Islands. The eighth region measures of real per capita income, and mea- comprised the economies that were participat- sures of real gross domestic product (GDP) and ing in the PPP program run by Eurostat, the its main components from the expenditure statistical arm of the European Union, and the side, including private consumption, govern- OECD. This comprehensive report on ICP 2011 ment expenditures, and gross fixed capital provides readers with details of the conceptual formation. Indeed, since its inception in 1970, framework and the methodology employed by successive rounds of the ICP have produced the ICP, along with detailed results of the 2011 valuable data for international economic anal- round and a brief analysis of those results. This yses of economic growth and the catch-up and overview highlights the distinguishing features convergence of incomes among nations; pro- of ICP 2011 that make it a significant improve- ductivity levels and trends; analyses of system- ment over ICP 2005. atic patterns in national price levels and trends; construction of the Human Development 1 All dollar amounts in this report are U.S. dollars unless otherwise Index by the United Nations; measures of indicated. 1 GOVERNANCE OF ICP 2011 hosted by the World Bank. The Global Office was responsible for implementing the work pro- The governance structure of ICP 2011 was gram of the ICP. The preparation of regular designed to ensure the delivery of accurate, reports for the Executive Board and the UNSC reliable, and timely estimates of the PPPs of was also entrusted to the Global Office. It was currencies and real GDP and its components. responsible for compiling the global core list of At the apex of the structure was the UNSC, products for household consumption, housing, which provided overall supervision, ensuring government compensation, machinery and that the ICP strictly adhered to accepted guid- equipment, and construction. The Global Office ing principles for the production of official sta- was also responsible for linking regional com- tistics and international standards for national parisons in order to provide global comparisons accounts data. At the next level, the Executive of PPPs and real incomes, preparing and dis- Board, composed of internationally renowned seminating the global results, and publishing the chief statisticians, provided the ICP with lead- ICP 2011 reports. ership and played an important role in setting The Global Office was assisted by the Technical the strategic direction and ensuring progress in Advisory Group, PPP Computation Task Force, and attainment of the various milestones set Validation Expert Group, and Results Review Group. for the program. Significantly, a major innovation of ICP 2011 The governance and implementation of ICP was introduction of the PPP Computation Task 2011 were characterized by a strong bottom-up Force. The main purpose of the task force was to approach in which the participating economies ensure the accuracy of the ICP results and to were encouraged to actively participate in the guarantee their reproducibility. The task force program and assume ownership of the data and was composed of four computational experts, the final results. At the country level, the each of whom calculated the global results, national coordinating agencies and the national using his or her preferred software, to ensure coordinators assumed responsibility for the convergence of the results in full accordance collection and validation of the information with the recommendations of the Technical requested for analysis and the transmittal of Advisory Group. that information to the respective regional coordi- nating agencies. The activities of the economies in any given region were coordinated by the regional coordinating agencies, and the regional REGIONAL AND COUNTRY COVERAGE coordinators were responsible for the development ICP 2011 achieved the first truly global coverage of product lists, coordination of data collection, in the history of the ICP. Building on the impres- and validation within the region. The regional sive participation of 146 economies in ICP 2005, coordinating agencies were responsible for com- the 2011 round covered 199 economies, repre- piling and disseminating the PPPs and real senting more than 90 percent of the world’s expenditures for the respective regions. Those economies. The 199 economies account for agencies for the seven ICP 2011 regions were the roughly 97 percent of the world’s population African Development Bank, Asian Development and some 99 percent of the world nominal GDP Bank, Interstate Statistical Committee of the (in U.S. dollars using exchange rates). Table O.1 Commonwealth of Independent States, United shows the distribution of the economies cov- Nations Economic Commission for Latin ered, by region. America and the Caribbean, United Nations In addition to this impressive coverage, a Economic and Social Commission for Western number of features distinguish this ICP round Asia, and Australian Bureau of Statistics, which from the previous rounds: assumed responsibility for the Pacific Islands economies. The activities of the eighth region • For the first time in the history of the ICP, were organized by Eurostat and the OECD. China fully participated in ICP 2011, follow- The overall coordination of ICP 2011 at the ing all the prescribed procedures and methods. global level was entrusted to the Global Office, In ICP 2005, China provided price data 2 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Table O.1 Number of Participating Economies, by Because of the global coverage of ICP 2011, ICP Region, ICP 2011 there was little need for the extrapolation of PPPs and real incomes for nonparticipating Africa 50 economies, as undertaken in the earlier ICP Asia and the Pacific 23 rounds. However, the extrapolated results for Commonwealth of Independent States 9 the few nonparticipating economies are pre- Eurostat-OECD 47 sented in this report. Latin America 17 Caribbean 22 Western Asia 12 METHODOLOGY AND INNOVATIONS Pacific Islands 21 Singletonsa 2 The ICP is a complex international statistical project, and its methodology has evolved over Total (less four dual participantsb) 199 several decades. Challenging measurement and Source: ICP, http://icp.worldbank.org/. a. Georgia and the Islamic Republic of Iran. index number problems have been encoun- b. The Arab Republic of Egypt, Fiji, the Russian Federation, and Sudan. tered in implementation of the ICP. The ICP 2005 methodological approach represented a major step forward from the less satisfactory collected only from 11 cities or provinces. round in 1993. Along with improved gover- By contrast, for ICP 2011 China conducted nance, considerable progress was made in nationwide surveys covering both rural and establishing procedures for price surveys; data urban outlets in all provinces of the country. editing and validation; and methods for dealing • India and Indonesia, the two other populous with comparison-resistant sectors such as hous- economies in the Asia and the Pacific region, ing, the government expenditure on health and also achieved coverage of both rural and education, machinery and equipment, and urban areas in their collection of prices for construction. In ICP 2005, the statistical meth- consumption goods and services. odology for linking was based on data collected for a set of Ring countries and on the estimation • The Latin America region consisted of of linking factors to link regional comparisons 17 economies in ICP 2011 in contrast to only in order to yield global comparisons. 10 economies in ICP 2005. Learning from the invaluable experience • The Caribbean region with its participation gained through implementation of ICP 2005, the of 22 economies is a special feature of ICP Technical Advisory Group recommended 2011. improved procedures in a number of areas for ICP 2011. As a result of these improvements and • Another achievement of ICP 2011 is its inclu- methodological innovations, ICP 2011 was sig- sion of 21 Pacific Island economies, even nificantly better than its 2005 predecessor. A few though their participation was limited to of these methodological innovations follow: individual household consumption. The par- ticipation of these island economies was • Coverage of rural and urban outlets. Because facilitated by the coordination and support of the importance of achieving national of the Australian Bureau of Statistics. coverage for price surveys, particular care Participation in the ICP has helped these was taken by the large economies to ensure island economies improve the coverage and adequate coverage of rural and urban reliability of their price statistics and national outlets when collecting the prices of indi- accounts. Although this aspect of statistical vidual household consumption items. capacity building is amply demonstrated by Efforts were made to reduce urban bias, the benefits received by the Pacific Island thereby leading to reliable national annual economies, their limited participation in ICP average prices for use in the computation of 2011 ruled out the inclusion of their results PPPs both at the basic heading level and for in the main tables in this report. higher-level aggregates. Overview 3 • National accounts data. Recognizing the impor- wages and salaries received for specific occu- tance of obtaining reliable national accounts pational categories across economies in a data, the regional coordinating agencies con- given region, and across regions, ICP 2011 ducted special workshops focusing on implemented productivity adjustments for all national accounts statistics and their valida- of the participating economies in linking the tion. The Global Office provided the partici- regions (in ICP 2005 only three regions— pating economies with manuals for the Africa, Asia and the Pacific, and Western collection and validation of national accounts Asia—implemented productivity adjustments). data. As a result, the weights used in aggre- The resulting parities for government com- gating price data in ICP 2011 were more reli- pensation were thus more reliable than those able than in the earlier rounds. used in ICP 2005. • Use of importance indicators. In view of the • Procedures for global linking. The ex post assess- competing requirements of comparability and ment of ICP 2005 revealed several weak- representativity in the prices of goods and ser- nesses in the linking procedures. The reliance vices in the participating economies, the on a set of 18 Ring countries for linking Technical Advisory Group recommended use meant that the quality of the linking factors of an importance indicator and 3:1 weights and global results critically depended on the for products considered important in the esti- quality of the price data supplied by these mation of PPPs at the basic heading level. Ring countries. In addition, the product list used in the 2005 ICP Ring comparisons was • Data editing and validation. In addition to the found to contain numerous items that were standard methods of validation based on the not representative in a number of regions, Quaranta and Dikhanov tables, a new method including Africa and Asia and the Pacific. of validation was developed and implemented. Finally, the methodology for linking at the This method compares observed price move- higher levels of aggregation was found to be ments in the participating economies, mea- deficient in that it was not invariant to the sured by domestic consumer price indexes choice of the reference or numéraire country. and deflators, with a measure of price change Consequently, major innovations were intro- over the period 2005 to 2011 implicit in the duced to the linking procedures for ICP 2011: ICP price data provided by the participating economies over these two benchmarks. This – The practice of using a small set of selected method was used in the Asia and the Pacific Ring countries was discontinued and region in identifying sources of major errors replaced by the new approach in which and deviations. the price data from all the economies of all • Construction. The basket of construction the regions were used in the linking proce- components (BOCC) method used in ICP dure. This approach resulted in robust 2005 was replaced by a simple approach estimates of linking factors that were based on the prices of basic construction minimally affected by deficient data from materials, different types of labor, and the some of the participating economies. hire of machinery and equipment. The new – The linking was based on price data col- approach eliminated the requirement to lected for a global core list (GCL) of prod- provide the various types of weights needed ucts. The Global Office developed a GCL in implementation of the BOCC. Instead, for household consumption, housing, the new method relied on the cost shares of government compensation, machinery the materials, labor, and equipment that are and equipment, and construction. The needed for different types of construction GCL for household consumption included and that were readily available from the 618 products representative of consump- participating economies. tion in all ICP regions. The participating • Productivity adjustment for government compensa- economies integrated the GCL products tion. Because of the significant disparities in into their regional product lists—for 4 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies example, 610 GCL items were added to the software used in the computations. In view the regional list in Africa, 412 in Asia and of these methodological improvements and the Pacific, 394 in Eurostat-OECD, 489 in innovations, the ICP 2011 results can be consid- Latin America and the Caribbean, and ered more reliable than those for ICP 2005, 606 in Western Asia. The extent of this especially when taking into account the incon- integration resulted in more reliable sistencies between the ICP 2011 benchmark linking factors. results and extrapolations from ICP 2005. Thus it is recommended that greater reliance be – The weighted country product dummy placed on the ICP 2011 results. method was used on prices collected for all global core list items weighted by their importance to provide linking factors at the basic heading level. THE ICP 2011 RESULTS: AN OVERVIEW – The aggregation at the GDP level and other This report presents results from ICP 2011 for aggregates such as household consump- the 199 participating economies (the Pacific tion, government expenditure, and gross Islands economies, however, covered only fixed capital formation were based on the individual household consumption). The country aggregation with redistribution results presented include estimates of the pur- (CAR)–volume procedure. chasing power parities of currencies, real expenditures derived using PPPs, nominal – As for 2005 ICP, fixity of the regional-level expenditures based on exchange rates, and relativities was ensured by the new meth- price levels expressed relative to the world odology implemented for linking regions. average. These results are available for GDP and its 25 subaggregates. Selected highlights from these results follow. ICP 2011 VERSUS ICP 2005 Size of the world economy. In 2011 the size of The methodology for ICP 2011 and its imple- the world economy, as measured by world GDP, mentation by regions and the Global Office covered by the 177 participating economies,2 marked a significant improvement over ICP was $90,647 billion in PPP terms. Measured by 2005. Some of the deficiencies in the methodol- exchange rates, the size was $70,295 billion. In ogy used in ICP 2005, including the Ring the ICP 2005 final report, world GDP was country approach for linking, were addressed by reported to be $54,976 billion in PPP terms and incorporating new methods designed to provide $44,309 billion in exchange rate terms. more reliable and robust estimates of PPPs and Distribution of world GDP. In 2011, shares real GDP and its components. Some of the of world GDP in PPP terms accruing to the major innovations, just listed and discussed in high-income economies were 50.3 percent more detail, were (1) the use of a global core list (67.3 percent in exchange rate terms); middle- of products for linking at the basic heading level; income economies, 48.2 percent (32.0 percent); (2) the use of the CAR-volume method for link- and low-income economies, 1.5 percent ing above the basic heading level; (3) increased (0.7 percent). The poorest 83.2 percent of the attention to the validation of national accounts population received 49.7 percent of world real data; (4) new procedures for data validation and GDP. According to the results from ICP 2005, the editing; (5) improved coverage of price surveys poorest 83.6 percent of the global population in large economies, including China, India, and received only 39.4 percent of world GDP in real Indonesia; (6) implementation of productivity terms. The regional shares of world GDP were adjustments for all the participating economies 53.2 percent, Eurostat-OECD; 30 percent, Asia instead of a subset of economies, as was the and the Pacific; 5.5 percent, Latin America; case in 2005; (7) a simplified approach to con- struction; and (8) the establishment of a PPP Computation Task Force to ensure the accuracy 2 Because of comparability issues, world total GDP does not include two and replicability of the ICP results irrespective of participating economies—Cuba and Bonaire—or the Pacific Islands. Overview 5 4.8 percent, CIS; 4.5 percent, Africa and Western respectively. The Democratic Republic of Congo, Asia; and 0.1 percent, the Caribbean. Liberia, and the Comoros were the lowest- Ranking of economies by size. ICP 2011 resulted ranked economies, according to real actual indi- in some significant changes in the rankings of vidual consumption. economies determined by their share of world Price level index. The price level index (PLI) is GDP. The United States retained top ranking the ratio of the PPP of a currency in a given with 17.1 percent of world GDP, followed by economy and the corresponding exchange rates. China with 14.9 percent and India with 6.4 per- The PLI is usually expressed relative to the cent. Of particular note was the performance of world average price level set at 100. According China with its GDP in 2011 of 86.9 percent of to ICP 2011, economies with the highest price U.S. GDP compared with only 43.1 percent in level index for GDP were Switzerland, Norway, 2005. The ranking of India rose from fifth in Bermuda, Australia, and Denmark, with indexes 2005 to third in 2011, and Indonesia became ranging from 210 to 185. The United States was one of the top 10 world economies. In 2011 the ranked 25th in the world, according to PLI. top 12 economies accounted for two-thirds of Low-income economies usually had PLIs below world GDP in real terms. 100. Twenty-three economies had PLIs of 50 or Ranking of economies by real per capita GDP. For below, and the Arab Republic of Egypt, Pakistan, the purpose of assessing standards of living, it is Myanmar, Ethiopia and the Lao People’s more appropriate to rank economies by real per Democratic Republic were identified as the least capita GDP. In 2011 Qatar and Macao SAR, expensive economies. China, were the highest-ranked economies, Intereconomy inequality in incomes. It is possible with $146,521 and $115,441 in real per capita to obtain a measure of intereconomy inequality GDP, respectively. They were followed by using real per capita GDP estimates from ICP Luxembourg, Kuwait, Brunei Darussalam, 2011. The population-weighted Gini measure Singapore, the United Arab Emirates, Bermuda, of intereconomy inequality in real per capita and Switzerland. The United States ranked 12th. income in PPP terms was 0.49, which indicated China, Indonesia, and India ranked 99th, 107th, a sharp fall from the level of 0.57 for ICP 2005. and 127th, respectively. The poorest economy A similar sharp decline from 0.71 to 0.64 in the was Liberia with $535, followed by the Comoros Gini measure of inequality was observed when with $610 and the Democratic Republic of exchange rate–converted or nominal per capita Congo with $655. Burundi, Niger, the Central incomes were used. Such a sharp fall in inequal- African Republic, Mozambique, Malawi, ity would have significant implications for the Ethiopia, and Guinea were in the bottom 10 estimates of poverty incidence in the world. ranked economies. Similar trends in intereconomy inequality Ranking of economies by actual individual were also evident when per capita household consumption (AIC). In assessing the welfare of consumption or per capita actual individual people in different economies, a more informa- consumption was used. tive measure is real per capita actual individ- ual consumption, which is the sum of individual consumption by households and individual ORGANIZATION OF THIS REPORT consumption by government. A slightly differ- ent picture emerges when real per capita AIC is This final report on ICP 2011 contains a used in ranking economies. In 2011, Bermuda, wealth of information on the compilation of the United States, and the Cayman Islands were PPPs, and it presents detailed results for major the top-ranked economies with real per capita economic aggregates of GDP, including indi- AIC of $37,924, $37,390, and $34,020, respec- vidual consumption, government expendi- tively. Qatar, which was top-ranked according ture, and investment. The report is divided to real per capita GDP, was now ranked 35th into four chapters. Chapter 1 provides a gen- according to real per capita AIC. Indonesia, eral background of the ICP, including the with a ranking of 118th, was placed above China concept and uses of PPPs. Chapter 2 is the and India, which ranked 121st and 134th, core of the report, presenting and analyzing 6 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies the 2011 results on PPPs, real expenditures, the history and governance of the ICP and price levels for GDP and its subaggre- (appendixes A and B); the Eurostat–OECD gates. The salient features of the results of the comparison (appendix C); the expenditure 2011 round are discussed, and the PPPs from classification used in the ICP (appendix D); 2011 are compared and contrasted with the the estimation and compilation of national PPP extrapolations from ICP 2005. Chapters 3 accounts (appendix E); the changes in and 4 focus on the methodology that under- methodology between ICP 2005 and ICP 2011 pinned ICP 2011. Chapter 3 describes the (appendix F); reference PPPs (appendix G); conceptual framework and the survey and the updated set of 2005 results incorporating data editing methods used. Chapter 4 pro- all the data revisions that have taken vides details on the special approaches devel- place since publication of the ICP 2005 oped for household consumption as well as report in 2008 (appendix H); comparison of for the comparison-resistant aggregates: the ICP 2011 results with the 2011 results housing, government compensation, machin- extrapolated from ICP 2005 (appendix I); ery and equipment, and construction. The the ICP data access and archiving policy methodology used in linking regional com- (appendix J); and the ICP revision policy parisons in 2011 ICP is also described. The (appendix K). The appendixes are followed by appendixes provide additional information on an extensive glossary. Overview 7 Chapter 1 Background The International Comparison Program (ICP) ICP 2011 in which 199 economies participated. was established in the late 1960s on the rec- The results of the 2011 comparison are presented ommendation of the United Nations Statistical in this report. A history of the ICP appears in Commission (UNSC). It began as a research appendix A and a description of the governance project carried out jointly by the United Nations structure of ICP 2011 in appendix B. Statistical Office (UNSO) and the University Since its beginning, the purpose of the ICP of Pennsylvania. Comparisons were carried has been to compare the gross domestic prod- out in 1970 for 10 economies, in 1973 for ucts (GDPs) of economies with a view toward 16 economies, and in 1975 for 34 economies. determining their relative size, productivity, After the 1975 comparison, the ICP shifted and material well-being. More specifically, the from being a research project to being a regular ICP’s objective is to compile on a timely and operational part of the UNSO work program. It regular basis internationally comparable price was also regionalized; comparisons were orga- and volume measures with which to compare nized by region and then combined to obtain the price and real expenditure levels of GDP and a global comparison. Comparisons were car- its component expenditures across participat- ried out in 1980 for 60 economies, in 1985 for ing economies. The GDPs and their component 64 economies, and in 1993 for 83 economies. expenditures of the economies are valued at The 1993 regional comparisons could not be national price levels and expressed in national combined to produce a global comparison. In currencies. But to be compared, they must be response, the UNSC commissioned a thorough valued at a common price level and expressed review of the ICP before further comparisons in a common currency. The ICP uses purchas- were attempted. Subsequently, the UNSC asked ing power parities (PPPs) to effect this double the World Bank to draw up an action plan that conversion. PPPs are price indexes that serve would address the issues raised by the review. as spatial price deflators. They make it possible This request resulted in the establishment of to compare the GDPs and component expendi- the ICP Global Office within the Bank to coor- tures of economies in real terms by removing dinate and combine the regional comparisons the price level differences between them. This and the formation of a multi-tiered governance approach closely parallels that for GDP compari- structure headed by the UNSC to oversee and sons over time for a single economy where it is assist the Global Office. The first global compari- necessary to remove the price changes between son made under the new arrangements was ICP the periods being compared in order to assess 2005 involving 146 economies. The second was the change in underlying volumes. 9 To calculate PPPs for its comparisons, the ICP African Development Bank, Asian Development holds worldwide surveys at regular intervals— Bank, Interstate Statistical Committee of the currently every six years—to collect comparable Commonwealth of Independent States, United price and expenditure data for the whole range Nations Economic Commission for Latin America of final goods and services that make up the and the Caribbean, United Nations Economic final expenditure on GDP: consumer goods and and Social Commission for Western Asia, and services, government services, and capital goods. Australian Bureau of Statistics. The responsibil- The surveys are organized by region and are ity was shared with the national agencies coor- coordinated by an agency located in the region. dinating the comparison. The national agencies The intention is to produce regional comparisons carried out data collection and data validation that can be combined in a single global compari- within their respective economies. The regional son for a given reference year. The main reasons agencies provided the national agencies with for conducting the surveys on a regional basis methodological and operational guidance, and are that the products to be priced tend to be they coordinated and supervised data collection more homogeneous within regions, expenditure and data validation within the region in line patterns are likely to be similar, and language with the global timetable. They also computed differences are reduced. In addition, there are and finalized the regional comparisons and operational advantages in having the ICP carried published the results. The ICP Global Office was out by agencies that are in relatively close prox- responsible for ensuring that the seven regional imity to the economies they are coordinating. comparisons and the Eurostat-OECD compari- son could be combined in the global comparison and then actually combining them. The compi- ORGANIZATION OF ICP 2011 lation, validation, and publication of the global results were also responsibilities of the Global ICP 2011 covered eight regions. Seven of the Office. eight were ICP regions (geographical) over- The global results presented in chapter 2 of seen by the Global Office: Africa, Asia and the this volume include two singleton economies— Pacific, Commonwealth of Independent States Georgia and the Islamic Republic of Iran— (CIS), Latin America, the Caribbean, Western that did not participate in any of the regional Asia, and the Pacific Islands. The eighth region comparisons. They were each linked to the was neither an ICP region nor a geographi- global comparison through a bilateral compari- cal entity. It comprised the economies that son with an economy participating in a regional were participating in the PPP program run by comparison. The bilateral comparison provided Eurostat, the statistical arm of the European a bridge to the regional comparison, and the Union, and the Organisation for Economic regional comparison provided a bridge to the Co-operation and Development (OECD). The other regions in the global comparison. Georgia economies were mainly European, but they was linked to the CIS comparison through a included some from regions outside Europe as bilateral comparison with Armenia, and the well. Even so, the economies were treated as Islamic Republic of Iran was linked to the though they were an autonomous region for Eurostat-OECD comparison through a bilateral the purpose of incorporating them in the global comparison with Turkey. The bilateral com- comparison. The agenda and timetable of the parisons were organized and coordinated by the Eurostat-OECD PPP Programme differ from Global Office. those of the ICP, but it employs a similar meth- The global results also cover four economies odology, as described in appendix C. Eurostat that participated in two regional comparisons. and the OECD worked closely with the Global The dual participants were the Arab Republic Office to ensure that their economies could be of Egypt and Sudan, which participated in included with the economies of the seven ICP the Africa and Western Asia comparisons; the regions in the 2011 global comparison. Russian Federation, which participated in the The regional agencies responsible for the com- CIS and Eurostat-OECD comparisons; and Fiji, parisons within the seven ICP regions were the which participated in the Asia and the Pacific 10 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies and the Pacific Islands comparisons. In the GDP is a measure of production, and it is presentation of the global results, these dual commonly estimated as the sum of the value of participants appear under both regions, but they the outputs from production less the cost of the are included only once in the world totals. Dual goods and services used in their production (the participation required additional coordination so-called production approach). It also can be between the regional agencies responsible for estimated as the sum of the final expenditures the regional comparisons affected because each on goods and services plus exports less imports of the economies had to price products specified of goods and services, which is known as the in each region’s product lists. And they had to expenditure side of national accounts and is the ensure that the price, expenditure, population, approach used by the ICP. Yet another alterna- and other data common to both comparisons tive is to estimate GDP as the sum of the incomes were the same. arising from production (wages, profits, etc.), Throughout all stages of the 2011 compari- which is referred to as the income approach. son, the activities of the Global Office were In theory, the three approaches yield the same overseen by the ICP Executive Board, which result. However, whereas values estimated from reported in turn to the UNSC. The board pro- the production side and the expenditure side can vided strategic leadership, set priorities and be split into meaningful price and volume com- standards, and determined the Global Office’s ponents, values estimated from the income side overall work program. The objective was to cannot. In other words, price and volume com- ensure that the global comparison was com- parisons of GDP can be made from the produc- pleted on time and within budget and that it tion side and from the expenditure side, but not produced price and real expenditure measures from the income side. ICP comparisons are made of high quality. To this end, the board appointed from the expenditure side. This approach allows a Technical Advisory Group of international comparison of the levels of the principal elements experts to assist the Global Office with the con- of final demand—consumption and investment. ceptual, methodological, and technical ques- It also avoids the difficulties encountered in tions that would arise during the comparison. organizing comparisons from the production In addition, three task forces were formed: the side, which requires data for both intermedi- Validation Expert Group to oversee validation of ate consumption and gross output in order to the data provided for the global comparison; the effect double deflation. The disadvantage of the PPP Computation Task Force (a group of com- expenditure approach is that, unlike the produc- putation experts) to calculate the global results tion approach, it does not identify individual independently from each other and ensure their industries, and so productivity comparisons can convergence; and the Results Review Group to be made only at the level of the whole economy. review the global results in terms of their plausi- On the other hand, a major advantage is that the bility and adherence to agreed-on methodologies estimates of final demand can be used in many and procedures. Details on the various tiers of different types of economic analysis, including governance for ICP 2011 appear in appendix B. forecasting and poverty analysis. Economies estimate their expenditures on GDP at national price levels and in national cur- THE ICP APPROACH TO GDP rencies. But before the estimates can be used to COMPARISONS compare the volumes of goods and services pro- duced by economies, differences in national price ICP comparisons of GDP are based on the value levels have to be eliminated and national curren- of an individual product equaling the product cies have to be converted to a common currency. of its price and quantity (that is, the identity of Differences in price levels between economies value = price × quantity). Once more than one can be removed either by observing the volumes product is involved, the identity can no longer directly as the sum of their underlying quantities be expressed in terms of price × quantity. or by deriving them indirectly using a measure Therefore, in ICP terms it becomes value = of relative prices to place the expenditures of price × volume. all economies on the same price level. Prices Background 11 are easier to observe than quantities, and direct goods and services would have to be traded measures of relative prices usually have a smaller internationally, and the supply and demand for variability than direct measures of relative quan- currencies would have to be driven predomi- tities. In ICP comparisons, volumes (referred to as nantly, if not solely, by the currency require- real expenditures) are mostly estimated indirectly ments of international trade. But this is not the using direct measures of relative prices—PPPs— case. Many goods and services such as buildings, to deflate nominal expenditures. In addition to government services, and most household mar- being spatial price deflators, PPPs are currency ket services are not traded internationally, and converters. Thus PPP-deflated expenditures are the supply and demand for currencies are expressed in a common currency unit and are influenced primarily by factors such as currency also valued at the same price level. speculation, interest rates, government inter- vention, and capital flows between economies. Consequently, as equation (1.2) in box 1.1 indi- EXCHANGE RATES cates, GDPs converted to a common currency using exchange rates remain valued at national Before PPPs became widely available, exchange price levels. The differences between the levels rates were used to make international com- of GDP in two or more economies reflect both parisons of GDP. Exchange rates, however, only differences in the volumes of goods and services convert GDPs to a common currency. They do produced by the economies and differences in not provide GDPs valued at a common price the price levels of the economies. On the other level because exchange rates do not reflect hand, as equation (1.4) in box 1.1 shows, GDPs the relative purchasing power of currencies in converted with PPPs reflect only differences in their national markets. For them to do so, all the volumes produced by the economies. BOX 1.1 Using Exchange Rates and PPPs to Convert to a Common Currency 1. The ratio of the gross domestic products (GDPs) of two economies when both GDPs are valued at national price levels and expressed in national currencies has three component ratios: GDP ratio = price level ratio × volume ratio × currency ratio. (1.1) 2. When converting the GDP ratio in (1.1) to a common currency using the exchange rate, the resulting GDPXR ratio has two component ratios: GDPXR ratio = price level ratio × volume ratio. (1.2) The GDP ratio in (1.2) is expressed in a common currency, but it reflects both the price level differences and the volume differences between the two economies. 3. A purchasing power parity (PPP) is defined as a spatial price deflator and currency con- verter. It is composed of two component ratios: PPP = price level ratio × currency ratio. (1.3) 4. When a PPP is used, the GDP ratio in (1.1) is divided by (1.3), and the resulting GDPPPP ratio has only one component ratio: GDPPPP ratio = volume ratio. (1.4) The GDP ratio in (1.4) is expressed in a common currency, is valued at a common price level, and reflects only volume differences between the two economies. 12 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Exchange rate–converted GDPs can be highly (4.80/4.00). In other words, for every euro spent misleading on the relative sizes of economies on hamburgers in France, $0.83 would have and levels of material well-being. Price levels to be spent in the United States to obtain the are normally higher in high-income economies same quantity and quality—that is, the same than they are in low-income economies, and, as volume—of hamburgers. Conversely, for every a result, differences in price levels between high- dollar spent on hamburgers in the United States, income economies and low-income economies a1.20 would have to be spent in France to obtain are greater for nontraded products than they the same volume of hamburgers. To compare are for traded products. Before the addition the volumes of hamburgers purchased in the of tariffs, subsidies, and trade costs, the prices two economies, either the expenditure on ham- of traded products are basically determined burgers in France can be expressed in dollars by globally by the law of one price, whereas the dividing by 1.20 or the expenditure on ham- prices of nontraded products are determined by burgers in the United States can be expressed in local circumstances, in particular by wages and euros by dividing by 0.83. salaries, which are generally higher in high- PPPs are calculated in stages: first for indi- income economies. If the larger price level dif- vidual goods and services, then for groups of ferences for nontraded products are not taken products, and finally for each of the various into account when converting GDPs to a com- levels of aggregation up to GDP. PPPs continue mon currency, the size of high-income econo- to be price relatives whether they refer to a mies with high price levels will be overstated product group, to an aggregation level, or to and the size of low-income economies with low GDP. As one moves up the aggregation hier- price levels will be understated. This is known as archy, the price relatives refer to increasingly the Penn effect. No distinction is made between complex assortments of goods and services. traded products and nontraded products when Therefore, if the PPP for GDP between France exchange rates are used to convert GDPs to a and the United States is a0.95 to the dollar, it common currency—the rate is the same for all can be inferred that for every dollar spent on products. PPP-converted GDPs do not have this GDP in the United States, a0.95 would have to bias because, as explained shortly, PPPs are cal- be spent in France to purchase the same volume culated first for individual products. They thus of goods and services. Purchasing the same vol- take into account the different price levels for ume of goods and services does not mean that traded products and nontraded products. the baskets of goods and services purchased in ICP PPPs are designed specifically for inter- both economies will be identical. The composi- national comparisons of GDP. They are not tion of the baskets will vary between economies designed to compare monetary flows or trade and reflect differences in taste, culture, climate, flows. International comparisons of flows—such price structure, product availability, and income as development aid, foreign direct investment, level, but both baskets will, in principle, provide migrants’ remittances, or imports and exports equivalent satisfaction or utility. of goods and services—should be made with exchange rates, not with PPPs. PRICE LEVEL INDEXES PPPs are spatial price indexes. They show—with PURCHASING POWER PARITIES reference to a base economy (or region)—the PPPs are price relatives that show the ratio of the price of a given basket of goods and services prices in national currencies of the same good or in each of the economies being compared. service in different economies. For example, if This index is similar to a temporal price index, the price of a hamburger is a4.80 in France and which shows with reference to a base period $4.00 in the United States, the PPP for hamburg- the price of a given basket of goods and services ers between the two economies is $0.83 to the at different points in time. However, unlike the euro from the French perspective (4.00/4.80) temporal price index in which the indexes at and a1.20 to the dollar from the U.S. perspective the different points in time are expressed in the Background 13 same currency unit so that price changes over should not be used to compare the size of time are readily identifiable, the PPP index for economies. Fluctuations in exchange rates can each economy is expressed in the economy’s make economies appear suddenly larger or national currency. It is thus not possible to say smaller even though there has been little or no whether one economy is more expensive or change in the relative volume of goods and ser- less expensive than another. For this type of vices produced. comparison, one would have to standardize the indexes by expressing them in a common unit of currency. The common currency used for the REAL EXPENDITURES global comparison is the U.S. dollar, and so each economy’s PPP has been standardized by divid- Economies report nominal expenditures on ing it by that economy’s dollar exchange rate. GDP and its constituent aggregates and product The standardized indexes so obtained are called groups. Nominal expenditures are expenditures price level indexes (PLIs). that are valued at national price levels. They can Economies with PLIs greater than 100 have be expressed in national currencies or, when price levels that are higher than that of the base converted with exchange rates, in a common economy. Economies with PLIs less than 100 currency. In the latter, the converted expen- have price levels that are lower than that of the ditures remain nominal because, as explained base economy. So, returning to the hamburger earlier, exchange rates do not correct for differ- example, if the exchange rate is $1.00 to a0.79, ences in price levels between economies, and the PLI for a hamburger with the United States so the expenditures are still valued at national as the base economy is 152 (1.20/0.79 × 100). price levels. For the ICP, economies report their From this, it can be inferred that, given the rela- nominal expenditures in national currencies. tive purchasing power of the dollar and the euro, PPPs are used to convert these nominal expen- hamburgers cost 52 percent more in France than ditures to real expenditures. Real expenditures they do in the United States. In addition to prod- are expenditures that are valued at a common ucts, PLIs can be calculated for product groups, price level. They reflect real or actual differences aggregates, and GDP. At the level of GDP, PLIs in the volumes purchased in economies and pro- provide a measure of the differences in the gen- vide the measures required for international vol- eral price levels of economies. Thus, if the PPP ume comparisons: indexes of real expenditure for GDP between France and the United States is and indexes of real expenditure per capita. At a0.95 to the dollar, the PLI for GDP based on the the level of GDP, indexes of real expenditure are United States is 120 (0.95/0.79 × 100), indicat- widely used to compare the size of economies, ing that the general price level of France is 20 and indexes of real expenditure per capita are percent higher than that of the United States. frequently used to compare the material well- The PLIs of economies can be compared directly. being of their resident populations. Although the For example, if the PLI of one economy is 120 indexes of real expenditure and real expenditure while that of another economy is 80 (both with per capita for GDP are the most well known, the United States as base), then it is valid to infer indexes of real expenditure and real expenditure that the price level in the former is 50 percent per capita for aggregates and product groups are (that is, 120/80) higher than in the latter. also important, allowing an in-depth analysis of It is worth remembering that PPPs evolve comparison results. slowly, whereas exchange rates can change quickly. Sudden changes in PLIs are usually the result of fluctuations in exchange rates. When ACTUAL INDIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION exchange rates change rapidly, a PLI for an economy could change rapidly as well, reflect- One aggregate below the level of GDP that has ing the fact that an economy that was relatively particular significance in ICP comparisons is cheap has now become relatively expensive actual individual consumption (AIC). On a per compared with the base economy. The volatil- capita basis, it is a better measure of material ity of exchange rates is another reason they well-being than either GDP or the household 14 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies final consumption expenditure when material USES OF PPPs AND REAL EXPENDITURES well-being is defined in terms of the goods and services consumed by households to satisfy their PPPs and the PLIs and indexes of real expenditure individual needs. Such goods and services are to which they give rise are used for research referred to as individual goods and services, and and analysis, for statistical compilation, and for the expenditure on individual goods and ser- administrative purposes. The principal users are vices is referred to as the individual consump- international bodies such as the World Bank, tion expenditure. the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the GDP covers the individual goods and services United Nations and its affiliates, the OECD, and consumed by resident households. But it also the European Commission. Improvements in includes collective services—such as defense, the timeliness, frequency, and coverage of ICP police, and environment protection—that gen- comparisons, however, have sparked a growing eral government produces to meet the collective demand for PPP-based measures from a variety needs of the community, as well as gross fixed of national users—in particular, government capital formation and net exports, which do not agencies, universities, and research institutes. constitute final consumption. The household At the same time, there has been a switch in final consumption expenditure, on the other user focus. The ICP was established to compare hand, covers only the individual goods and the GDPs of economies in real terms, and PPPs services that households purchase. It does not were seen primarily as a means of convert- take into account the individual services—such ing nominal expenditures to real expenditures. as health, education, and social protection— Comparisons of real expenditure are still the that general government and nonprofit institu- ICP’s primary purpose. But now international tions serving households (NPISHs) provide to users and national users are showing a growing households individually. The provision of such interest in PPPs as measures of the relative prices services, particularly health and education, can between economies at all levels of aggregation vary considerably from economy to economy. and in the national annual average prices under- If only the household expenditure is compared, lying them. As a result of this interest, the Global economies in which households purchase health Office has had to establish a set of rules govern- and education services themselves will appear to ing access to unpublished results and basic data. consume more than economies in which these Researchers and policy makers at both the services are provided to households by general international and national levels use PPPs as government or NPISHs. inputs into economic research and policy analysis Actual individual consumption comprises that involve comparisons of economies. In this only the goods and services that households context, PPPs are employed either to generate consume to meet their individual needs. It cov- measures of real expenditure with which to ers all such goods and services whether they compare the size of economies and their levels of are purchased by households or are provided by material well-being, consumption, investment, general government and NPISHs. AIC is defined government expenditure, and overall productiv- as the sum of the individual consumption expen- ity, or to generate price measures with which to ditures of households, general government, and compare price levels, price structures, price con- NPISHs. The concept of actual individual con- vergence, and competitiveness. PPP-converted sumption dates back to the earliest years of the GDP is used to standardize other economic vari- ICP, when it was called the consumption expen- ables such as carbon emissions per unit of GDP, diture of the population. Initially, the individ- energy use per unit of GDP, GDP per employee, ual consumption expenditure by NPISHs was or GDP per hour worked. Multinational corpora- not included. Later, however, the concept was tions, for example, use PPPs to evaluate the cost expanded to include the consumption expendi- of investment in different economies. ture of NPISHs, and it was adopted by national One major use of PPPs is poverty assess- accountants in the System of National Accounts ment using the World Bank’s international 1993 or SNA93 (Commission of the European poverty threshold of $1.25 per day per person. Communities et al. 1993). National poverty assessments differ because Background 15 the purchasing power of national curren- a group to obtain totals for the group. The shares cies differs from one economy to another. of economies in these totals are used as weights Therefore, establishing an international pov- when economic indicators, such as price indexes erty line requires equalizing purchasing power or growth rates, are combined to obtain aver- over economies. The international poverty ages for the group. Both the IMF and the OECD line of $1.25 per day is converted to national use PPP-based GDP and GDP aggregates to price levels by using the PPPs for the individ- provide estimates of regional and world out- ual consumption expenditures by households. put and growth in their respective publications Data from household income and expenditure World Economic Outlook and Economic Outlook. surveys are then used to determine the num- Finally, PPPs are employed for administrative ber of people whose consumption per capita purposes by the European Commission and the is below this poverty line. The international IMF. The European Commission uses the PPPs poverty line itself has typically been calculated of its member states when allocating the struc- as the average of the national poverty lines tural funds intended to reduce economic dis- of the world’s poorest economies, converted parities between and within member states. The to international dollars using consumption principal indicator influencing the allocation PPPs. The PPPs thus enter the calculation at is PPP-deflated intra-economy regional GDP two stages—first, in establishing the poverty per capita. The IMF uses PPP-based GDP from line and, second, in calculating the number of the World Economic Outlook in its current quota people below it in each economy. formula. In the past, that measure often helped Eradication of hunger and poverty is the first guide increases in members’ quotas. Quota United Nations Millennium Development Goal. subscriptions determine the maximum financial Other goals are in the areas of health care, partic- resources that member economies are obliged ularly that of mothers and children, and primary to provide the IMF, the amount of financing education. The World Health Organization uses that members can obtain from the IMF, their PPPs when comparing expenditures per capita share in a general allocation of special drawing on health care across economies. Similarly, rights, and their voting power in IMF decisions. the United Nations Educational, Scientific and PPP-based GDP has a weight of 20 percent in the Cultural Organization (UNESCO) uses PPPs current quota formula. when assessing the expenditures per capita of The uses of PPPs and related data are different economies on education. A related continuing to expand as the limitations of the use is the estimation of the United Nations main alternative method of adjusting values to Human Development Index. PPP-converted a common currency—using exchange rates— gross national income per capita is one of the become more widely recognized and as the three variables that constitute the index. number of economies included in the ICP con- PPPs are also used for statistical compilation. tinues to increase. The main issue that needs International organizations use PPPs to obtain to be addressed now is the availability of more totals and averages for a group of economies timely PPP data sets. The World Bank is inves- such as an ICP region. Real GDP and its com- tigating ways in which PPPs can be estimated ponents are aggregated across the economies in more frequently. 16 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Chapter 2 Presentation and Analysis of Results The results presented here are based exclu- PRESENTATION OF RESULTS sively on the price and national accounts data provided by all economies participating Eleven tables of ICP 2011 results and two sup- in the global comparison undertaken in the plementary tables appear at the end of this sec- 2011 round of the International Comparison tion, preceded by a detailed description of their Program (ICP). Purchasing power parities various components. The tables are as follows: (PPPs) and real expenditures were compiled in • Table 2.1 Summary Results and Reference accordance with established ICP principles and Data procedures recommended by the Technical Advisory Group for ICP 2011. Users of ICP • Table 2.2 Nominal Expenditures in National results are reminded to recognize that the ICP Currency Units is a complex major statistical exercise whose • Table 2.3 Shares of Nominal Expenditures methodology is constantly being refined and (GDP = 100) improved. The National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) of • Table 2.4 Purchasing Power Parities China expressed reservations about some aspects (U.S. Dollar = 1.00) of the methodology employed in ICP 2011 and • Table 2.5 Real Expenditures in U.S. Dollars did not agree to publish the headline results for China. Those results were estimated by the 2011 • Table 2.6 Shares of World Real Expenditures ICP Regional Office in the Asian Development (World = 100) Bank and the 2011 ICP Global Office hosted • Table 2.7 Real Expenditures Per Capita in by the World Bank. However, the NBS of U.S. Dollars China does not endorse these results as official statistics. • Table 2.8 Indexes of Real Expenditures Per In addition to providing the ICP 2011 Capita (World = 100) results and analysis, this chapter addresses the • Table 2.9 Price Level Indexes (World = 100) reliability and limitations of PPPs and real • Table 2.10 Nominal Expenditures in expenditures, the differences between the 2005 U.S. Dollars and 2011 comparisons, and the differences between 2011 PPPs extrapolated from ICP 2005 • Table 2.11 Nominal Expenditures Per Capita and ICP 2011 benchmark PPPs. in U.S. Dollars 17 • Supplementary Table 2.12 Main Results and global or regional relativity between economies. Reference Data, Pacific Islands The two economies are listed at the end of each table as singletons and are included in world • Supplementary Table 2.13 Estimated Results totals and averages. and Reference Data, Nonbenchmark Four economies—the Arab Republic of Egypt, Economies Sudan, the Russian Federation, and Fiji— In all tables, results are presented by economy participated in two regional comparisons, but and by region and include regional totals and only the dual participation of Egypt, Sudan, and averages as well as world totals and averages. The Russia is of concern here because the dual partici- world is defined as all economies covered by the pation of Fiji involved the Pacific Islands compari- tables with the exception of Cuba and Bonaire, son covered in supplementary table 2.12. Egypt which do not have a full set of results and are not and Sudan participated in the Africa comparison included in either the regional or world totals. and the Western Asia comparison, and Russia Afghanistan, Argentina, Lebanon, Libya, South participated in the CIS comparison and the Sudan, and the Syrian Arab Republic are the Eurostat-OECD comparison. In the tables, they only large economies that did not take part in ICP appear under both regions and are included in 2011, and so they are not included in the world the totals and averages of both regions. They are totals. They are included in supplementary included only once in the world totals and averages. table 2.13, which shows the estimated real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita for economies Summary results: table 2.1 and supplementary that did not participate in ICP 2011. tables 2.12 and 2.13 Eight regions participated in ICP 2011: Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Commonwealth of Table 2.1 provides the summary results for ICP Independent States (CIS), Eurostat–Organisation 2011 broken down into the following indicators: for Economic Co-operation and Development • Column (01): GDP based on PPPs in U.S. (OECD), Latin America, the Caribbean, Western dollars Asia, and the Pacific Islands. All are geographi- cal regions except the Eurostat-OECD group • Column (02): GDP based on exchange rates of economies, which, though predominantly in U.S. dollars European, include a worldwide spread of non- • Column (03): GDP per capita based on PPPs European economies as well. Thus the regional in U.S. dollars classification used to present the results differs from the regional classifications used by other • Column (04): GDP per capita based on international statistical programs. Of the eight exchange rates in U.S. dollars regions listed, only the first seven are covered • Column (05): Price level index for GDP with in the tables. The comparison for the eighth the world equal to 100 region—the Pacific Islands—was limited to household consumption, and so its results are • Column (06): GDP per capita index based shown in supplementary table 2.12 and not in on PPPs with the world equal to 100 the tables that cover all GDP. • Column (07): GDP per capita index based on Two economies, Georgia and the Islamic exchange rates with the world equal to 100 Republic of Iran, did not participate in a regional • Column (08): GDP per capita index based comparison. Instead, they were linked to on PPPs with the United States equal to 100 the global comparison through a bilateral com- parison with an economy participating in a • Column (09): GDP per capita index based regional comparison: Armenia and the CIS com- on exchange rates with the United States parison in the case of Georgia; Turkey and the equal to 100 Eurostat-OECD comparison in the case of the • Column (10): Share of PPP-based world GDP Islamic Republic of Iran. The linking took place after the global comparison was calculated, and • Column (11): Share of exchange rate–based so their inclusion does not influence either the world GDP 18 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies • Column (12): Share of world population Column (02) shows the nominal expenditures of economies and regions on GDP in U.S. dollars. • Column (13): PPP for GDP with the The expenditures reflect both price differences U.S. dollar equal to 1.000 and volume differences between economies and • Column (14): Exchange rate with the regions (see box 2.1). They were derived by divid- U.S. dollar equal to 1.000 ing the nominal expenditures on GDP in col- umn (16) by the exchange rates in column (14). • Column (15): Resident population The GDP per capita in column (04), the GDP per capita indexes in columns (07) and (09), and the • Column (16): Nominal GDP in national shares of world GDP in column (11) are all based currency unit on the nominal expenditures in column (02). Users are reminded that, as explained in chap- Supplementary tables 2.12 and 2.13 provide ter 1, exchange rate–converted GDPs are not the same information but for a limited set of reliable measures of either the size of economies indicators. or the material well-being of their populations. Column (01) shows the real expenditures of They are included in the summary table and in economies and regions on GDP in U.S. dollars. the supplementary tables for reference only. The expenditures reflect only volume differ- ences between economies and regions. They Detailed results: tables 2.2–2.11 were obtained by dividing the nominal expendi- tures on GDP in column (16) by the PPPs for Tables 2.2–2.11 present the results for ICP 2011 GDP in column (13). The GDP per capita in broken down into 26 analytical categories. column (03), the GDP per capita indexes in col- These categories, which cover GDP and a selec- umns (06) and (08), and the shares of world tion of component final expenditures, are listed GDP in column (10) are all based on the real and defined in box 2.1. Their codes in the ICP expenditures in column (01). expenditure classification in appendix D are also BOX 2.1 Analytical Categories: Tables 2.2–2.11 and Supplementary Tables 2.12 and 2.13 Column (01) Gross domestic product: Actual individual consumption at purchasers’ prices plus collective consumption expenditure by government at purchasers’ prices plus gross capital formation at purchasers’ prices plus the f.o.b. (free on board) value of exports of goods and services less the f.o.b. value of imports of goods and services. Code in ICP expenditure classification, appendix D: 100000 Column (02) Actual individual consumption: The total value of the individual consumption expenditures of households, nonprofit institutions serving households (NPISHs), and general government at purchasers’ prices. Code in ICP expenditure classifica- tion, appendix D: not identified in classification; sum of 110000 + 120000 + 130000 Column (03) Food and nonalcoholic beverages: Household expenditure on food products and nonalcoholic beverages purchased for consumption at home (excludes food products and nonalcoholic beverages sold for immediate consumption away from home by hotels, restaurants, cafés, bars, kiosks, street vendors, automatic vending machines, etc.; cooked dishes prepared by restaurants for consumption off their premises; cooked dishes prepared by catering contractors whether collected by the customer or delivered to the customer’s home; and products sold specifically as pet foods). Code in ICP expenditure classification, appendix D: 110100 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 19 BOX 2.1 (Continued) Column (04) Alcoholic beverages, tobacco, and narcotics: Household expenditure on alcoholic beverages purchased for consumption at home (includes low or nonalcoholic bev- erages that are generally alcoholic such as nonalcoholic beer, and excludes alcoholic bever- ages sold for immediate consumption away from the home by hotels, restaurants, cafés, bars, kiosks, street vendors, automatic vending machines, etc.) and household expenditure on tobacco (covers all purchases of tobacco, including purchases of tobacco in cafés, bars, restaurants, and service stations). Code in ICP expenditure classification, appendix D: 110200 Column (05) Clothing and footwear: Household expenditure on clothing materials; gar- ments for men, women, children, and infants; other articles of clothing and clothing acces- sories; cleaning, repair, and hire of clothing; all footwear for men, women, children, and infants; and repair and hire of footwear. Code in ICP expenditure classification, appendix D: 110300 Column (06) Housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuels: Household expenditure on actual and imputed rentals for housing; maintenance and repair of the dwelling; water supply and services related to the dwelling; and electricity, gas, and other fuels plus expendi- ture by NPISHs on housing plus general government expenditure on housing services pro- vided to individuals. Codes in ICP expenditure classification, appendix D: 110400 + (120000) + 130100 Column (07) Furnishings, household equipment, and maintenance: Household expenditure on furniture and furnishings; carpets and other floor coverings; household textiles; household appliances; glassware, tableware, and household utensils; tools and equipment for house and garden; and goods and services for routine household main- tenance. Code in ICP expenditure classification, appendix D: 110500 Column (08) Health: Household expenditure on pharmaceuticals; medical products, appliances, and equipment; outpatient services; and hospital services plus expenditure of NPISHs on health plus general government expenditure on health benefits and reimburse- ments, and the production of health services. Codes in ICP expenditure classification, appendix D: 110600 + (120000) + 130200 Column (09) Transport: Household expenditure on purchase of vehicles, operation of personal transport equipment, and transport services. Code in ICP expenditure classification, appendix D: 110700 Column (10) Communication: Household expenditure on postal services, telephone and telefax equipment, and telephone and telefax services. Code in ICP expenditure classifica- tion, appendix D: 110800 Column (11) Recreation and culture: Household expenditure on audiovisual, photo- graphic, and information processing equipment; other major durables for recreation and culture; other recreational items and equipment; gardens and pets; recreational and cul- tural services; newspapers, books, and stationery; and package holidays plus expenditure by NPISHs on recreation and culture plus general government expenditure on recreation and culture. Codes in ICP expenditure classification, appendix D: 110900 + (120000) + 130300 Column (12) Education: Household expenditure on pre-primary, primary, secondary, postsecondary, and tertiary education plus expenditure of NPISHs on education plus general government expenditure on education benefits and reimbursements and the production of education services. Codes in ICP expenditure classification, appendix D: 111000 + (120000) + 130400 Column (13) Restaurants and hotels: Household expenditure on food products and beverages sold for immediate consumption away from the home by hotels, restaurants, cafés, bars, kiosks, street vendors, automatic vending machines, etc. (includes cooked dishes prepared by restaurants for consumption off their premises and cooked dishes pre- pared by catering contractors, whether collected by the customer or delivered to the cus- tomer’s home) and household expenditure on accommodation services provided by hotels and similar establishments. Code in ICP expenditure classification, appendix D: 111100 20 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies BOX 2.1 (Continued) Column (14) Miscellaneous goods and service: Household expenditure on personal care, personal effects, social protection, insurance, and financial and other services plus expenditure by NPISHs on social protection and other services plus general government expenditure on social protection. Codes in ICP expenditure classification, appendix D: 111200 + (120000) + 130500 Column (15) Net purchases abroad: Purchases by resident households outside the economic territory of the economy less purchases by nonresident households in the economic territory of the economy. Code in ICP expenditure classification, appendix D: 111300 Column (16) Individual consumption expenditure by households: The total value of actual and imputed final consumption expenditures incurred by households on individual goods and services. It also includes expenditures on individual goods and services sold at prices that are not economically significant. Code in ICP expenditure clas- sification, appendix D: 110000 Column (17) Individual consumption expenditure by government: The total value of actual and imputed final consumption expenditures incurred by general government on individual goods and services. Code in ICP expenditure classification, appendix D: 130000 Column (18) Collective consumption expenditure by government: The final con- sumption expenditure of general government on collective services. Code in ICP expenditure classification, appendix D: 140000 Column (19) Gross fixed capital formation: The total value of acquisitions less dispos- als of fixed assets by resident institutional units during the accounting period plus the additions to the value of nonproduced assets realized by the productive activity of resident institutional units. Code in ICP expenditure classification, appendix D: 150000 Column (20) Machinery and equipment: Capital expenditure on fabricated metal products, general-purpose machinery, special-purpose machinery, electrical and optical equipment, transport equipment, and other manufactured goods. Code in ICP expenditure classification, appendix D: 150100 Column (21) Construction: Capital expenditure on the construction of new structures and renovation of existing structures. Structures include residential buildings, nonresiden- tial buildings, and civil engineering works. Code in ICP expenditure classification, appendix D: 150200 Column (22) Other products: Capital expenditure on plantation, orchard, and vineyard development; change in stocks of breeding stock, draft animals, dairy cattle, animals raised for wool clippings, etc.; computer software that a producer expects to use in production for more than one year; land improvement, including dams and dikes that are part of flood control and irrigation projects; mineral exploration; acquisition of entertainment, literary, or artistic originals; and other intangible fixed assets. Code in ICP expenditure classification, appendix D: 150300 Column (23) Changes in inventories and valuables: The acquisition less disposals of stocks of raw materials, semi-finished goods, and finished goods that are held by producer units prior to being further processed or sold or otherwise used; and the acquisition less disposals of valu- ables (produced assets that are not used primarily for production or consumption but pur- chased and held as stores of value). Code in ICP expenditure classification, appendix D: 160000 Column (24) Balance of exports and imports: The f.o.b. value of exports of goods and services less the f.o.b. value of imports of goods and services. Code in ICP expenditure classi- fication, appendix D: 170000 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 21 BOX 2.1 (Continued) Column (25) Domestic absorption: Actual individual consumption at purchasers’ prices plus collective consumption expenditure by government at purchasers’ prices plus gross capital formation at purchasers’ prices. Code in ICP expenditure classification, appendix D: not identified in the classification; sum of 110000 + 120000 + 130000 + 140000 + 150000 + 160000 Column (26) Individual consumption expenditure by households, excluding housing: Individual consumption expenditure by households in column (16) without the actual and imputed rentals included in column (06). Codes in ICP expenditure classifica- tion, appendix D: 110000−110410 given to show the correspondence between the memorandum items. The individual consump- tables and the classification. tion expenditure by households includes the In the classification, consumption expendi- individual consumption expenditure by NPISHs. tures are structured by who pays: households, Two other memorandum items that appear in nonprofit institutions serving households the tables are domestic absorption, column (25), (NPISHs), or general government. But in and individual consumption expenditure, tables 2.2–2.9 and the supplementary tables, con- excluding housing, column (26). sumption expenditures are structured by who Table 2.2 shows the nominal expenditures in consumes: households, under actual individual the analytical categories reported by the econo- consumption in column (02), or general govern- mies. The expenditures are valued at national ment, under collective consumption expenditure price levels and expressed in national currency by government in column (18). The analytical units. They are converted to real expenditures categories affected by the change in structure— in table 2.5 by deflating them by the PPPs in which entails adding the expenditures on indi- table 2.4. The nominal expenditures at the more vidual services by NPISHs and general government detailed basic heading level (not shown) are the to the expenditure on individual services by weights used to calculate PPPs for the analytical households—are those covering individual categories. The nominal expenditures are addi- household consumption in column (02), housing tive, and tables 2.2, 2.3, 2.10, and 2.11 contain in column (6), health in column (08), recreation four additional analytical categories for com- and culture in column (11), education in col- pleteness: net purchases abroad, column (15); umn (12), and social protection in column (14). other products, column (22); changes in inven- These categories are shaded in blue in box 2.1. tories and valuables, column (23); and balance In the tables, actual individual consumption of exports and imports, column (24). in column (02) is broken down by the analytical Table 2.3 contains each economy’s nominal categories covering the expenditure on con- expenditures in the analytical categories in sumer goods and services in columns (03) to table 2.2 as a percentage of its GDP. (15). The expenditure includes the individual Table 2.4 presents the PPPs for the analytical consumption expenditures of NPISHs and gen- categories. The final PPPs were calculated by eral government as well as the individual con- the Global Office. The Gini-Èltetö-Köves-Szulc sumption expenditure of households. Because (GEKS) method and country aggregation with actual individual consumption is defined as the redistribution (CAR) procedure described in sum of the individual consumption expendi- chapter 4 were used to provide PPPs and real tures of households, NPISHs, and general gov- expenditures with the following properties: ernment, the tables also show the individual consumption expenditure by households in • They are commensurate, meaning they do not column (16) and the individual consumption change when the units of quantity to which expenditure by government in column (17) as their prices refer are changed—for example, 22 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies when the price of petrol is quoted per gallon are in U.S. dollars, they are free of the rather than per liter. Gerschenkron effect, and they respect fixity, but they are not additive. They reflect only volume • They are transitive, meaning that every differences between economies. indirect multilateral PPP between a pair Table 2.6 shows for economies and regions of economies calculated via a third their real expenditures in each analytical cate- economy equals the direct multilat- gory as a percentage share of the world real eral PPP between the economies. expenditure in the analytical category. The per- • They are base economy–invariant, meaning that centage shares are based on the real expenditures the relativities between economies are the in table 2.5. At the level of GDP, they measure same whichever economy or region is taken the relative size of the economies covered in as base. the table. Table 2.7 presents the real expenditures per • They provide real expenditures that are free capita in the analytical categories. The expendi- of the Gerschenkron effect, which is the bias tures are in U.S. dollars. They were obtained by resulting when high-income economies dividing the real expenditures in table 2.5 by receive more weight in the estimation pro- the population totals in column (15) of table 2.1. cess, resulting in overestimates of the real size Table 2.8 provides the indexes of real expen- of low-income economies. ditures per capita in the analytical categories • Their real expenditures are not additive, with the world equal to 100. They are based on meaning that the real expenditures at higher the real expenditures per capita in table 2.7. The levels of aggregation are not equal to the indexes are base economy–invariant and can be sum of the real expenditures of their compo- rebased on an economy or on a region. At the nents. (Many users consider additivity to be level of actual individual consumption, they an important feature of real expenditures. measure the relative material well-being of the However, in practice it is not possible to resident populations of the economies included maintain the additivity of the component in the table. aggregates within real GDP without having Table 2.9 gives the price level indexes (PLIs) real expenditures for GDP that are signifi- for the analytical categories relative to the cantly biased between low- and high-income world average. A value above 100 indicates economies (that is, the Gerschenkron effect). that the economy’s price level for the analyti- cal category in question is higher than the • Moreover, the PPPs and real expenditures world average; a value below 100 indicates respect fixity, meaning that the relativities that the economy’s price level for the analyti- established between economies in a regional cal category is lower than the world average. comparison remain the same when the The PLIs are base country–invariant and can economies are included in the global be rebased on an economy or on a region. For comparison. example, the PLIs in the table were first calcu- For the PPPs in table 2.4, the United States lated with the United States as base by dividing serves as the base and the U.S. dollar as numéraire. the PPPs in table 2.4 by the exchange rates in But, being base economy–invariant, they can be table 2.1. They were subsequently rebased on rebased on another economy or on a region by the world. dividing them by the PPP for the economy or Table 2.10 presents the nominal expenditures region selected as the new base. For example, in table 2.3 in U.S. dollars. The expenditures they can be rebased on the United Kingdom with were converted using the exchange rates in col- the pound sterling as numéraire by dividing them umn (14) of table 2.1. by the PPP for the United Kingdom. Table 2.11 gives the nominal expenditures Table 2.5 gives the real expenditures in the per capita on the analytical categories in U.S. dol- analytical categories. They were derived by lars. They were derived by dividing the nominal dividing the nominal expenditures in table 2.2 expenditures in table 2.10 by the population by the PPPs in table 2.4. The real expenditures totals in column (15) of table 2.1. Presentation and Analysis of Results 23 Table 2.1 Summary Results and Reference Data, ICP 2011 Expenditure Expenditure Price level Expenditure per capita index Share (world = 100.0) PPP Reference data GROSS DOMESTIC per capita index PRODUCT Popula- Exchange Popula- Expendi- (US$, billions) (US$) World = 100.0 US = 100.0 Expenditure tion rate tion ture in national currency Based Based Based Based (world Based Based Based Based Based Based (US$ unit Economy on PPPs on XRs on PPPs on XRs = 100.0) on PPPs on XRs on PPPs on XRs on PPPs on XRs = 1.000) (US$ = 1.000) (millions) (billions) (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10)a (11)a (12)a (13)b (14)b (15) (16) AFRICA Algeria 474.8 198.5 13,195 5,518 53.9 98.0 52.9 26.5 11.1 0.5 0.3 0.5 30.502 72.938 35.98 14,481.0 Angola 143.0 104.2 7,288 5,311 94.0 54.1 50.9 14.6 10.7 0.2 0.1 0.3 68.315 93.741 19.62 9,767.6 Benin 16.1 7.3 1,766 801 58.5 13.1 7.7 3.5 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 214.035 471.866 9.10 3,439.8 Botswana 27.2 15.0 13,409 7,381 71.0 99.6 70.7 26.9 14.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.764 6.838 2.03 102.5 Burkina Faso 22.8 10.3 1,343 608 58.4 10.0 5.8 2.7 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 213.659 471.866 16.97 4,868.5 Burundi 6.1 2.1 712 240 43.5 5.3 2.3 1.4 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 425.768 1,261.074 8.58 2,599.9 Cameroon 55.2 26.6 2,757 1,327 62.1 20.5 12.7 5.5 2.7 0.1 0.0 0.3 227.212 471.866 20.03 12,545.7 Cape Verde 3.1 1.9 6,126 3,773 79.4 45.5 36.1 12.3 7.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 48.592 78.886 0.50 149.0 Central African Republic 4.0 2.2 897 486 69.9 6.7 4.7 1.8 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 255.862 471.866 4.49 1,029.7 Chad 22.9 12.1 1,984 1,053 68.4 14.7 10.1 4.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 250.443 471.866 11.53 5,725.3 Comoros 0.5 0.3 610 358 75.6 4.5 3.4 1.2 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 207.584 353.900 0.75 95.4 Congo, Rep. 24.1 14.8 5,830 3,575 79.1 43.3 34.2 11.7 7.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 289.299 471.866 4.14 6,982.5 Congo, Dem. Rep. 44.4 25.2 655 372 73.2 4.9 3.6 1.3 0.7 0.0 0.0 1.0 521.870 919.491 67.76 23,146.1 Côte d’Ivoire 53.8 26.0 2,669 1,291 62.4 19.8 12.4 5.4 2.6 0.1 0.0 0.3 228.228 471.866 20.15 12,275.5 Djibouti 2.2 1.2 2,412 1,276 68.2 17.9 12.2 4.8 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 94.003 177.721 0.91 205.3 c Egypt, Arab Rep. 843.8 229.9 10,599 2,888 35.1 78.7 27.7 21.3 5.8 0.9 0.3 1.2 1.625 5.964 79.62 1,371.1 Equatorial Guinea 28.4 17.7 39,440 24,621 80.5 293.0 235.9 79.2 49.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 294.572 471.866 0.72 8,367.3 Ethiopia 102.9 29.9 1,214 353 37.5 9.0 3.4 2.4 0.7 0.1 0.0 1.3 4.919 16.899 84.73 506.1 Gabon 25.3 17.1 16,483 11,114 86.9 122.5 106.5 33.1 22.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 318.156 471.866 1.53 8,046.1 Gambia, The 2.7 0.9 1,507 508 43.5 11.2 4.9 3.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.939 29.462 1.78 26.6 Ghana 85.5 39.6 3,426 1,585 59.7 25.5 15.2 6.9 3.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.699 1.512 24.97 59.8 Guinea 13.2 5.0 1,287 490 49.0 9.6 4.7 2.6 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 2,518.386 6,620.841 10.22 33,128.3 Guinea-Bissau 2.1 1.0 1,365 637 60.1 10.1 6.1 2.7 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 220.085 471.866 1.55 464.7 Kenya 88.9 34.3 2,136 825 49.8 15.9 7.9 4.3 1.7 0.1 0.0 0.6 34.298 88.811 41.61 3,048.9 Lesotho 4.7 2.5 2,130 1,151 69.7 15.8 11.0 4.3 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.923 7.261 2.19 18.3 Liberia 2.2 1.1 537 278 66.7 4.0 2.7 1.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.517 1.000 4.13 1.1 Madagascar 30.1 10.0 1,412 470 42.9 10.5 4.5 2.8 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.3 673.730 2,025.118 21.32 20,276.4 Malawi 15.0 7.3 973 476 63.1 7.2 4.6 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 76.259 155.776 15.38 1,140.8 Mali 23.9 10.6 1,509 672 57.4 11.2 6.4 3.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 210.193 471.866 15.84 5,024.5 Mauritania 11.3 4.6 3,191 1,295 52.3 23.7 12.4 6.4 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 115.855 285.470 3.54 1,309.4 Mauritius 20.3 11.3 15,506 8,611 71.6 115.2 82.5 31.1 17.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.941 28.706 1.31 323.0 Morocco 218.3 99.2 6,764 3,074 58.6 50.2 29.5 13.6 6.2 0.2 0.1 0.5 3.677 8.090 32.27 802.6 Mozambique 22.8 12.5 951 524 71.1 7.1 5.0 1.9 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 16.030 29.068 23.93 364.7 Namibia 19.4 12.5 8,360 5,369 82.8 62.1 51.4 16.8 10.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.663 7.261 2.32 90.6 Niger 13.7 6.4 852 399 60.4 6.3 3.8 1.7 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.2 221.087 471.866 16.07 3,025.5 Nigeria 511.1 247.0 3,146 1,520 62.3 23.4 14.6 6.3 3.1 0.6 0.4 2.4 74.378 153.903 162.47 38,017.0 Rwanda 14.6 6.3 1,337 579 55.9 9.9 5.5 2.7 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 260.751 601.833 10.94 3,814.4 24 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Table 2.1 (Continued) Expenditure Expenditure Price level Expenditure per capita index Share (world = 100.0) PPP Reference data GROSS DOMESTIC per capita index PRODUCT Popula- Exchange Popula- Expendi- (US$, billions) (US$) World = 100.0 US = 100.0 Expenditure tion rate tion ture in national currency Based Based Based Based (world Based Based Based Based Based Based (US$ unit Economy on PPPs on XRs on PPPs on XRs = 100.0) on PPPs on XRs on PPPs on XRs on PPPs on XRs = 1.000) (US$ = 1.000) (millions) (billions) (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10)a (11)a (12)a (13)b (14)b (15) (16) São Tomé and Príncipe 0.5 0.2 3,045 1,473 62.4 22.6 14.1 6.1 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,527.157 17,622.933 0.17 4,375.5 Senegal 28.6 14.3 2,243 1,123 64.6 16.7 10.8 4.5 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 236.287 471.866 12.77 6,766.8 Seychelles 2.0 1.1 22,569 12,196 69.7 167.7 116.8 45.3 24.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.690 12.381 0.09 13.1 Sierra Leone 8.2 2.9 1,369 490 46.2 10.2 4.7 2.8 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1,553.139 4,336.129 6.00 12,754.9 South Africa 611.1 401.8 12,111 7,963 84.8 90.0 76.3 24.3 16.0 0.7 0.6 0.7 4.774 7.261 50.46 2,917.5 Sudand 152.4 70.0 3,608 1,656 59.2 26.8 15.9 7.2 3.3 0.2 0.1 0.6 1.224 2.667 42.25 186.6 Swaziland 7.6 4.1 6,328 3,399 69.3 47.0 32.6 12.7 6.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.900 7.261 1.20 29.7 Tanzania 71.8 23.9 1,554 517 42.9 11.5 4.9 3.1 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.7 522.483 1,572.115 46.22 37,533.0 Togo 8.1 3.7 1,314 599 58.8 9.8 5.7 2.6 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 215.060 471.866 6.15 1,739.2 Tunisia 109.3 46.0 10,319 4,340 54.2 76.7 41.6 20.7 8.7 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.592 1.408 10.59 64.7 Uganda 55.1 18.2 1,597 528 42.6 11.9 5.1 3.2 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.5 833.540 2,522.747 34.51 45,944.1 Zambia 42.5 20.8 3,155 1,544 63.1 23.4 14.8 6.3 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 2,378.380 4,860.667 13.47 101,104.8 Zimbabwe 17.6 8.9 1,378 695 65.0 10.2 6.7 2.8 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.504 1.000 12.75 8.9 Total (50) 4,115.1 1,870.4 4,044 1,838 58.6 30.0 17.6 8.1 3.7 4.5 2.7 15.1 n.a. n.a. 1,017.60 n.a. ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Bangladesh 419.2 130.9 2,800 874 40.3 20.8 8.4 5.6 1.8 0.5 0.2 2.2 23.145 74.152 149.70 9,702.9 Bhutan 5.1 1.8 7,199 2,600 46.6 53.5 24.9 14.5 5.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.856 46.670 0.71 85.9 Brunei Darussalam 29.3 16.7 74,397 42,432 73.5 552.7 406.5 149.4 85.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.717 1.258 0.39 21.0 Cambodia 38.7 12.8 2,717 902 42.8 20.2 8.6 5.5 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.2 1,347.115 4,058.500 14.23 52,068.7 Chinae 13,495.9 7,321.9 10,057 5,456 70.0 74.7 52.3 20.2 11.0 14.9 10.4 19.9 3.506 6.461 1,341.98 47,310.4 Fiji 6.5 3.8 7,558 4,393 75.0 56.1 42.1 15.2 8.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.042 1.793 0.85 6.7 Hong Kong SAR, China 354.5 248.7 50,129 35,173 90.5 372.4 337.0 100.7 70.7 0.4 0.4 0.1 5.462 7.784 7.07 1,936.1 India 5,757.5 1,864.0 4,735 1,533 41.7 35.2 14.7 9.5 3.1 6.4 2.7 18.1 15.109 46.670 1,215.96 86,993.1 Indonesia 2,058.1 846.3 8,539 3,511 53.0 63.4 33.6 17.2 7.1 2.3 1.2 3.6 3,606.566 8,770.433 241.04 7,422,781.2 Lao PDR 26.2 8.1 4,108 1,262 39.6 30.5 12.1 8.3 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 2,467.753 8,030.055 6.39 64,727.1 Macao SAR, China 64.3 36.8 115,441 66,063 73.8 857.6 632.9 231.9 132.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 4.589 8.018 0.56 295.0 Malaysia 606.1 289.0 20,926 9,979 61.5 155.5 95.6 42.0 20.0 0.7 0.4 0.4 1.459 3.060 28.96 884.5 Maldives 3.7 2.2 11,392 6,653 75.3 84.6 63.7 22.9 13.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.527 14.602 0.33 31.6 Mongolia 23.4 9.9 8,719 3,701 54.7 64.8 35.5 17.5 7.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 537.127 1,265.516 2.68 12,546.8 Myanmar 192.1 55.2 3,181 914 37.0 23.6 8.8 6.4 1.8 0.2 0.1 0.9 234.974 817.917 60.38 45,128.0 Nepal 58.9 19.6 2,221 739 42.9 16.5 7.1 4.5 1.5 0.1 0.0 0.4 24.628 74.020 26.49 1,449.5 Pakistan 788.1 222.2 4,450 1,255 36.4 33.1 12.0 8.9 2.5 0.9 0.3 2.6 24.346 86.343 177.11 19,187.9 Philippines 543.7 224.1 5,772 2,379 53.2 42.9 22.8 11.6 4.8 0.6 0.3 1.4 17.854 43.313 94.19 9,706.3 Singapore 374.8 265.6 72,296 51,242 91.4 537.1 490.9 145.2 102.9 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.891 1.258 5.18 334.1 Sri Lanka 169.3 59.2 8,111 2,836 45.1 60.3 27.2 16.3 5.7 0.2 0.1 0.3 38.654 110.565 20.87 6,542.7 Taiwan, China 907.1 465.2 39,059 20,030 66.1 290.2 191.9 78.5 40.2 1.0 0.7 0.3 15.112 29.469 23.22 13,709.1 Thailand 899.0 364.7 13,299 5,395 52.3 98.8 51.7 26.7 10.8 1.0 0.5 1.0 12.370 30.492 67.60 11,120.5 Vietnam 414.3 135.5 4,717 1,543 42.2 35.0 14.8 9.5 3.1 0.5 0.2 1.3 6,709.192 20,509.750 87.84 2,779,880.2 Total (23) 27,235.6 12,604.3 7,621 3,527 59.7 56.6 33.8 15.3 7.1 30.0 17.9 53.1 n.a. n.a. 3,573.72 n.a. Presentation and Analysis of Results 25 Table 2.1 (Continued) Expenditure Expenditure Price level Expenditure per capita index Share (world = 100.0) PPP Reference data GROSS DOMESTIC per capita index PRODUCT Popula- Exchange Popula- Expendi- (US$, billions) (US$) World = 100.0 US = 100.0 Expenditure tion rate tion ture in national currency Based Based Based Based (world Based Based Based Based Based Based (US$ unit Economy on PPPs on XRs on PPPs on XRs = 100.0) on PPPs on XRs on PPPs on XRs on PPPs on XRs = 1.000) (US$ = 1.000) (millions) (billions) (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10)a (11)a (12)a (13)b (14)b (15) (16) COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES Armenia 20.2 10.1 6,696 3,363 64.8 49.7 32.2 13.5 6.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 187.095 372.501 3.02 3,777.9 Azerbaijan 144.5 66.0 15,963 7,285 58.8 118.6 69.8 32.1 14.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.360 0.790 9.05 52.1 Belarus 157.3 53.0 16,603 5,596 43.5 123.3 53.6 33.4 11.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 1,889.308 5,605.840 9.47 297,157.7 Kazakhstan 343.9 188.0 20,772 11,358 70.5 154.3 108.8 41.7 22.8 0.4 0.3 0.2 80.171 146.620 16.56 27,571.9 Kyrgyz Republic 16.1 6.2 3,062 1,178 49.6 22.7 11.3 6.2 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 17.757 46.144 5.26 286.0 Moldova 14.9 7.0 4,179 1,971 60.8 31.0 18.9 8.4 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 5.535 11.739 3.56 82.3 f Russian Federation 3,216.9 1,901.0 22,502 13,298 76.2 167.2 127.4 45.2 26.7 3.5 2.7 2.1 17.346 29.352 142.96 55,799.6 Tajikistan 17.3 6.5 2,243 846 48.7 16.7 8.1 4.5 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.740 4.610 7.71 30.1 Ukraine 379.1 163.4 8,295 3,575 55.6 61.6 34.3 16.7 7.2 0.4 0.2 0.7 3.434 7.968 45.71 1,302.1 Total (9) 4,310.3 2,401.3 17,716 9,870 71.8 131.6 94.6 35.6 19.8 4.8 3.4 3.6 n.a. n.a. 243.29 n.a. EUROSTAT-OECD Albania 28.2 12.6 9,963 4,467 57.8 74.0 42.8 20.0 9.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45.452 101.372 2.83 1,282.3 Australia 956.0 1,490.0 42,000 65,464 201.0 312.0 627.2 84.4 131.5 1.1 2.1 0.3 1.511 0.969 22.76 1,444.5 Austria 360.5 416.0 42,978 49,590 148.8 319.3 475.1 86.3 99.6 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.830 0.719 8.39 299.2 Belgium 440.1 513.3 40,093 46,759 150.4 297.9 448.0 80.5 93.9 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.839 0.719 10.98 369.3 Bosnia and Herzegovina 37.0 19.0 9,629 4,957 66.4 71.5 47.5 19.3 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.724 1.407 3.84 26.8 Bulgaria 114.1 53.5 15,522 7,284 60.5 115.3 69.8 31.2 14.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.660 1.407 7.35 75.3 Canada 1,416.2 1,778.3 41,069 51,572 161.9 305.1 494.1 82.5 103.6 1.6 2.5 0.5 1.243 0.990 34.48 1,759.7 Chile 349.1 251.2 20,216 14,546 92.8 150.2 139.4 40.6 29.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 348.017 483.668 17.27 121,492.7 Croatia 86.8 61.7 20,308 14,429 91.6 150.9 138.2 40.8 29.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 3.802 5.351 4.28 330.2 Cyprus 26.6 24.9 31,229 29,208 120.6 232.0 279.8 62.7 58.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.673 0.719 0.85 17.9 Czech Republic 283.9 216.1 27,045 20,592 98.2 200.9 197.3 54.3 41.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 13.468 17.689 10.50 3,823.4 Denmark 233.0 334.3 41,843 60,030 185.0 310.9 575.1 84.1 120.6 0.3 0.5 0.1 7.689 5.360 5.57 1,791.8 Estonia 30.9 22.5 23,088 16,821 93.9 171.5 161.1 46.4 33.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.524 0.719 1.34 16.2 Finland 208.0 262.3 38,611 48,686 162.6 286.8 466.4 77.6 97.8 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.907 0.719 5.39 188.7 France 2,369.6 2,782.2 36,391 42,728 151.4 270.4 409.3 73.1 85.8 2.6 4.0 1.0 0.845 0.719 65.11 2,001.4 Germany 3,352.1 3,628.1 40,990 44,365 139.6 304.5 425.0 82.3 89.1 3.7 5.2 1.2 0.779 0.719 81.78 2,609.9 Greece 300.8 289.9 26,622 25,654 124.3 197.8 245.8 53.5 51.5 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.693 0.719 11.30 208.5 Hungary 223.5 137.5 22,413 13,790 79.3 166.5 132.1 45.0 27.7 0.2 0.2 0.1 123.650 200.966 9.97 27,635.4 Iceland 12.2 14.0 38,226 43,969 148.3 284.0 421.2 76.8 88.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 133.563 116.118 0.32 1,628.7 Ireland 196.6 226.0 42,942 49,383 148.3 319.0 473.1 86.3 99.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.827 0.719 4.58 162.6 Israel 234.2 258.2 30,168 33,259 142.2 224.1 318.6 60.6 66.8 0.3 0.4 0.1 3.945 3.578 7.76 923.9 Italy 2,056.7 2,197.0 33,870 36,180 137.7 251.6 346.6 68.0 72.7 2.3 3.1 0.9 0.768 0.719 60.72 1,580.4 Japan 4,379.8 5,897.0 34,262 46,131 173.6 254.5 441.9 68.8 92.7 4.8 8.4 1.9 107.454 79.807 127.83 470,623.2 Korea, Rep. 1,445.3 1,114.5 29,035 22,388 99.4 215.7 214.5 58.3 45.0 1.6 1.6 0.7 854.586 1,108.290 49.78 1,235,160.5 Latvia 41.1 28.1 19,994 13,658 88.1 148.5 130.8 40.2 27.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.347 0.508 2.06 14.3 Lithuania 68.2 43.0 22,521 14,212 81.4 167.3 136.2 45.2 28.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 1.567 2.484 3.03 106.9 Luxembourg 46.1 58.0 88,670 111,689 162.4 658.8 1070.0 178.1 224.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.906 0.719 0.52 41.7 26 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Table 2.1 (Continued) Expenditure Expenditure Price level Expenditure per capita index Share (world = 100.0) PPP Reference data GROSS DOMESTIC per capita index PRODUCT Popula- Exchange Popula- Expendi- (US$, billions) (US$) World = 100.0 US = 100.0 Expenditure tion rate tion ture in national currency Based Based Based Based (world Based Based Based Based Based Based (US$ unit Economy on PPPs on XRs on PPPs on XRs = 100.0) on PPPs on XRs on PPPs on XRs on PPPs on XRs = 1.000) (US$ = 1.000) (millions) (billions) (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10)a (11)a (12)a (13)b (14)b (15) (16) Macedonia, FYR 24.6 10.4 11,957 5,050 54.5 88.8 48.4 24.0 10.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.680 44.226 2.06 459.8 Malta 11.9 9.2 28,608 22,201 100.1 212.5 212.7 57.5 44.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.558 0.719 0.41 6.6 Mexico 1,894.6 1,170.1 16,377 10,115 79.6 121.7 96.9 32.9 20.3 2.1 1.7 1.7 7.673 12.423 115.68 14,536.9 Montenegro 8.8 4.5 14,128 7,244 66.1 105.0 69.4 28.4 14.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.369 0.719 0.62 3.2 Netherlands 720.3 832.8 43,150 49,888 149.1 320.6 477.9 86.7 100.2 0.8 1.2 0.2 0.832 0.719 16.69 599.0 New Zealand 137.6 161.5 31,172 36,591 151.4 231.6 350.5 62.6 73.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 1.486 1.266 4.41 204.5 Norway 306.5 490.5 61,879 99,035 206.4 459.7 948.8 124.3 198.9 0.3 0.7 0.1 8.973 5.606 4.95 2,750.0 Poland 838.0 515.5 21,753 13,382 79.3 161.6 128.2 43.7 26.9 0.9 0.7 0.6 1.823 2.964 38.53 1,528.1 Portugal 272.7 237.9 25,672 22,396 112.5 190.7 214.6 51.6 45.0 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.628 0.719 10.62 171.1 Romania 344.8 182.6 16,146 8,549 68.3 119.9 81.9 32.4 17.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 1.615 3.049 21.35 556.7 Russian Federationf 3,216.9 1,901.0 22,502 13,298 76.2 167.2 127.4 45.2 26.7 3.5 2.7 2.1 17.346 29.352 142.96 55,799.6 Serbia 86.1 43.8 11,854 6,027 65.6 88.1 57.7 23.8 12.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 37.288 73.338 7.26 3,208.6 Slovak Republic 135.7 95.9 25,130 17,762 91.1 186.7 170.2 50.5 35.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.508 0.719 5.40 69.0 Slovenia 57.8 50.3 28,156 24,480 112.1 209.2 234.5 56.6 49.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.625 0.719 2.05 36.1 Spain 1,483.2 1,454.5 32,156 31,534 126.5 238.9 302.1 64.6 63.3 1.6 2.1 0.7 0.705 0.719 46.13 1,046.3 Sweden 394.6 535.8 41,761 56,704 175.1 310.3 543.2 83.9 113.9 0.4 0.8 0.1 8.820 6.496 9.45 3,480.5 Switzerland 405.9 659.9 51,582 83,854 209.6 383.2 803.3 103.6 168.4 0.4 0.9 0.1 1.441 0.887 7.87 585.1 Turkey 1,314.9 771.7 17,781 10,435 75.7 132.1 100.0 35.7 21.0 1.5 1.1 1.1 0.987 1.682 73.95 1,297.7 United Kingdom 2,201.4 2,461.8 35,091 39,241 144.2 260.7 375.9 70.5 78.8 2.4 3.5 0.9 0.698 0.624 62.74 1,536.9 United States 15,533.8 15,533.8 49,782 49,782 129.0 369.8 476.9 100.0 100.0 17.1 22.1 4.6 1.000 1.000 312.04 15,533.8 Total (47) 48,686.6 49,253.0 33,675 34,067 130.5 250.2 326.4 67.6 68.4 53.7 70.1 21.5 n.a. n.a. 1,445.76 n.a. LATIN AMERICA Bolivia 56.4 23.9 5,557 2,360 54.8 41.3 22.6 11.2 4.7 0.1 0.0 0.2 2.946 6.937 10.15 166.1 Brazil 2,816.3 2,476.6 14,639 12,874 113.4 108.8 123.3 29.4 25.9 3.1 3.5 2.9 1.471 1.673 192.38 4,143.0 Colombia 535.0 336.3 11,360 7,142 81.1 84.4 68.4 22.8 14.3 0.6 0.5 0.7 1,161.910 1,848.139 47.09 621,615.0 Costa Rica 59.8 41.0 13,030 8,935 88.4 96.8 85.6 26.2 17.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 346.738 505.664 4.59 20,748.0 Cubag … … … … 41.5 … … … … … … … 0.322 1.000 11.17 … Dominican Republic 109.0 55.6 10,858 5,541 65.8 80.7 53.1 21.8 11.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 19.449 38.109 10.04 2,119.3 Ecuador 151.6 79.8 9,932 5,226 67.9 73.8 50.1 20.0 10.5 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.526 1.000 15.27 79.8 El Salvador 46.0 23.1 7,357 3,701 64.9 54.7 35.5 14.8 7.4 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.503 1.000 6.25 23.1 Guatemala 102.4 47.7 6,971 3,247 60.1 51.8 31.1 14.0 6.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 3.626 7.785 14.69 371.3 Haiti 15.6 7.3 1,557 734 60.8 11.6 7.0 3.1 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 19.108 40.523 10.01 297.7 Honduras 33.8 17.7 4,349 2,282 67.7 32.3 21.9 8.7 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 9.915 18.895 7.77 335.0 Nicaragua 24.2 9.6 4,111 1,635 51.3 30.5 15.7 8.3 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 8.919 22.424 5.89 216.1 Panama 57.2 31.3 15,369 8,411 70.6 114.2 80.6 30.9 16.9 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.547 1.000 3.72 31.3 Paraguay 47.2 25.2 7,193 3,836 68.8 53.4 36.8 14.4 7.7 0.1 0.0 0.1 2,227.340 4,176.066 6.57 105,203.2 Peru 327.2 180.7 10,981 6,066 71.2 81.6 58.1 22.1 12.2 0.4 0.3 0.4 1.521 2.754 29.80 497.8 Uruguay 58.7 46.4 17,343 13,722 102.0 128.8 131.5 34.8 27.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 15.282 19.314 3.38 896.8 Presentation and Analysis of Results 27 Table 2.1 (Continued) Expenditure Expenditure Price level Expenditure per capita index Share (world = 100.0) PPP Reference data GROSS DOMESTIC per capita index PRODUCT Popula- Exchange Popula- Expendi- (US$, billions) (US$) World = 100.0 US = 100.0 Expenditure tion rate tion ture in national currency Based Based Based Based (world Based Based Based Based Based Based (US$ unit Economy on PPPs on XRs on PPPs on XRs = 100.0) on PPPs on XRs on PPPs on XRs on PPPs on XRs = 1.000) (US$ = 1.000) (millions) (billions) (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10)a (11)a (12)a (13)b (14)b (15) (16) Venezuela, RB 500.3 316.5 16,965 10,731 81.6 126.0 102.8 34.1 21.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 2.713 4.289 29.49 1,357.5 Total (17) 4,940.8 3,719.1 12,443 9,366 97.1 92.4 89.7 25.0 18.8 5.5 5.3 5.9 n.a. n.a. 397.09 n.a. CARIBBEAN Anguilla 0.4 0.3 27,274 20,982 99.2 202.6 201.0 54.8 42.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.077 2.700 0.01 0.8 Antigua and Barbuda 1.8 1.1 20,540 13,172 82.7 152.6 126.2 41.3 26.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.731 2.700 0.09 3.0 Aruba 3.7 2.6 36,017 25,355 90.8 267.6 242.9 72.3 50.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.260 1.790 0.10 4.6 Bahamas, The 8.3 7.9 22,639 21,490 122.4 168.2 205.9 45.5 43.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.949 1.000 0.37 7.9 Barbados 4.3 4.4 15,354 15,483 130.0 114.1 148.3 30.8 31.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.017 2.000 0.28 8.7 Belize 2.6 1.5 8,212 4,721 74.1 61.0 45.2 16.5 9.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.150 2.000 0.32 3.0 Bermuda 3.6 5.6 54,899 85,839 201.6 407.9 822.4 110.3 172.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.564 1.000 0.06 5.6 Bonaireh … … … … … … … … … … … … … 1.000 0.02 … Cayman Islands 2.8 3.2 49,686 56,883 147.6 369.1 544.9 99.8 114.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.959 0.838 0.06 2.7 Curaçao 4.2 3.0 27,781 20,055 93.1 206.4 192.1 55.8 40.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.292 1.790 0.15 5.4 Dominica 0.7 0.5 9,983 6,881 88.9 74.2 65.9 20.1 13.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.861 2.700 0.07 1.3 Grenada 1.2 0.8 11,221 7,410 85.2 83.4 71.0 22.5 14.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.783 2.700 0.11 2.1 Jamaica 22.9 14.5 8,329 5,248 81.3 61.9 50.3 16.7 10.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 54.122 85.892 2.75 1,241.8 Montserrat 0.1 0.1 15,762 11,343 92.8 117.1 108.7 31.7 22.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.943 2.700 0.01 0.2 St. Kitts and Nevis 1.1 0.7 20,582 13,744 86.1 152.9 131.7 41.3 27.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.803 2.700 0.05 2.0 St. Lucia 1.8 1.2 9,893 6,755 88.1 73.5 64.7 19.9 13.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.844 2.700 0.18 3.3 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1.1 0.7 9,883 6,191 80.8 73.4 59.3 19.9 12.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.691 2.700 0.11 1.8 Sint Maarten 1.2 1.0 32,972 25,402 99.3 245.0 243.4 66.2 51.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.379 1.790 0.04 1.7 Suriname 7.8 4.4 14,463 8,082 72.1 107.4 77.4 29.1 16.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.826 3.268 0.54 14.3 Trinidad and Tobago 38.3 23.5 28,743 17,660 79.2 213.5 169.2 57.7 35.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.938 6.409 1.33 150.9 Turks and Caicos Islands 0.7 0.7 20,878 22,971 141.9 155.1 220.1 41.9 46.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.100 1.000 0.03 0.7 Virgin Islands, British 0.9 0.9 30,290 32,580 138.7 225.0 312.1 60.8 65.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.076 1.000 0.03 0.9 Total (22) 109.3 78.4 16,351 11,732 92.5 121.5 112.4 32.8 23.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 n.a. n.a. 6.69 n.a. WESTERN ASIA Bahrain 51.8 28.9 43,360 24,200 72.0 322.1 231.8 87.1 48.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.211 0.378 1.20 10.9 c Egypt, Arab Rep. 843.8 229.9 10,599 2,888 35.1 78.7 27.7 21.3 5.8 0.9 0.3 1.2 1.625 5.964 79.62 1,371.1 Iraq 371.0 159.8 11,130 4,794 55.5 82.7 45.9 22.4 9.6 0.4 0.2 0.5 516.521 1,199.200 33.34 191,652.9 Jordan 69.8 28.8 11,169 4,615 53.3 83.0 44.2 22.4 9.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.293 0.710 6.25 20.5 Kuwait 257.7 160.6 84,058 52,379 80.4 624.5 501.8 168.9 105.2 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.172 0.276 3.07 44.3 Oman 140.4 70.0 42,619 21,234 64.2 316.6 203.4 85.6 42.7 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.192 0.385 3.30 26.9 Qatar 258.1 171.0 146,521 97,091 85.4 1,088.5 930.1 294.3 195.0 0.3 0.2 0.0 2.419 3.650 1.76 624.2 Saudi Arabia 1,366.7 669.5 48,163 23,594 63.2 357.8 226.0 96.7 47.4 1.5 1.0 0.4 1.837 3.750 28.38 2,510.6 Sudand 152.4 70.0 3,608 1,656 59.2 26.8 15.9 7.2 3.3 0.2 0.1 0.6 1.224 2.667 42.25 186.6 United Arab Emirates 503.2 348.6 60,886 42,182 89.3 452.3 404.1 122.3 84.7 0.6 0.5 0.1 2.544 3.673 8.26 1,280.2 28 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Table 2.1 (Continued) Expenditure Expenditure Price level Expenditure per capita index Share (world = 100.0) PPP Reference data GROSS DOMESTIC per capita index PRODUCT Popula- Exchange Popula- Expendi- (US$, billions) (US$) World = 100.0 US = 100.0 Expenditure tion rate tion ture in national currency Based Based Based Based (world Based Based Based Based Based Based (US$ unit Economy on PPPs on XRs on PPPs on XRs = 100.0) on PPPs on XRs on PPPs on XRs on PPPs on XRs = 1.000) (US$ = 1.000) (millions) (billions) (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10)a (11)a (12)a (13)b (14)b (15) (16) West Bank and Gaza 16.0 9.8 3,833 2,345 78.9 28.5 22.5 7.7 4.7 0.0 0.0 0.1 2.189 3.578 4.17 35.0 Yemen, Rep. 88.6 31.4 3,716 1,318 45.7 27.6 12.6 7.5 2.6 0.1 0.0 0.4 75.818 213.800 23.83 6,714.9 Total (12) 4,119.5 1,978.3 17,499 8,403 61.9 130.0 80.5 35.2 16.9 4.5 2.8 3.5 n.a. n.a. 235.41 n.a. SINGLETONS Georgia 28.3 14.4 6,343 3,231 65.7 47.1 31.0 12.7 6.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.859 1.686 4.47 24.3 Iran, Islamic Rep. 1,314.2 576.3 17,488 7,669 56.5 129.9 73.5 35.1 15.4 1.4 0.8 1.1 4,657.463 10,621.000 75.15 6,121,004.0 Total (2) 1,342.6 590.7 16,863 7,420 56.7 125.3 71.1 33.9 14.9 1.5 0.8 1.2 n.a. n.a. 79.62 n.a. i WORLD (179) 90,646.6 70,294.6 13,460 10,438 100.0 100.0 100.0 27.0 21.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 n.a. n.a. 6,734.36 n.a. Source: ICP, http://icp.worldbank.org/. Note: n.a. = not applicable; PPP = purchasing power parity; XR = exchange rate; ... = data suppressed because of incompleteness. a. All shares are rounded to one decimal place. More precision can be found in the Excel version of the table, which can be downloaded from the ICP website. b. All exchange rates and PPPs are rounded to three decimal places. More precision can be found in the Excel version of the table, which can be downloaded from the ICP website. c. The Arab Republic of Egypt participated in both the Africa and Western Asia regions. The regional results for Egypt were averaged by taking the geometric mean of the regional PPPs, allowing Egypt to have the same global results in each region. d. Sudan participated in both the Africa and Western Asia regions. The regional results for Sudan were averaged by taking the geometric mean of the regional PPPs, allowing Sudan to have the same global results in each region. e. The results presented in the tables are based on data supplied by all the participating economies and compiled in accordance with ICP principles and the procedures recommended by the 2011 ICP Technical Advisory Group. The results for China were estimated by the 2011 ICP Asia and the Pacific Regional Office and the Global Office. The National Bureau of Statistics of China does not recognize these results as official statistics. f. The Russian Federation participated in both the CIS and Eurostat-OECD comparisons. The PPPs for Russia are based on the Eurostat-OECD comparison. They were the basis for linking the CIS comparison to the ICP. g. The official GDP of Cuba for reference year 2011 is 68,990.15 million in national currency. However, this number and its breakdown into main aggregates are not shown in the tables because of methodological comparability issues. Therefore, Cuba’s results are provided only for the PPP and price level index. In addition, Cuba’s figures are not included in the Latin America and world totals. h. Bonaire’s results are provided only for the individual consumption expenditure by households. Therefore, to ensure consistency across the tables, Bonaire is not included in the Caribbean or the world total. i. This table does not include the Pacific Islands and does not double count the dual participation economies: the Arab Republic of Egypt, Sudan, and the Russian Federation. Presentation and Analysis of Results 29 Table 2.2 Nominal Expenditures in National Currency Units, ICP 2011 Furnishings, Alcoholic Housing, household EXPENDITURES Actual beverages, water, equipment (national currency Gross individual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, and Recreation units, billions) domestic consump- nonalcoholic and and gas, and mainte- Communi- and Economy product tion beverages narcotics footwear other fuels nance Health Transport cation culture Education (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) (11) (12) AFRICA Algeria 14,481.0 6,515.4 1,955.5 111.9 190.1 318.1 161.5 460.8 787.3 369.0 165.7 623.0 Angola 9,767.6 5,929.1 2,433.6 257.3 299.5 622.3 330.8 311.4 318.2 61.1 126.8 289.8 Benin 3,439.8 2,779.0 1,339.9 80.4 117.9 283.0 75.1 94.7 202.0 84.1 41.8 142.6 Botswana 102.5 56.0 10.0 4.2 3.4 6.2 3.3 2.9 9.0 1.4 1.5 7.1 Burkina Faso 4,868.5 3,294.3 1,686.5 211.1 68.9 364.0 143.5 122.9 212.9 108.7 76.9 97.5 Burundi 2,599.9 2,424.1 1,058.2 334.0 23.5 374.3 21.6 67.9 158.9 27.4 25.2 134.1 Cameroon 12,545.7 9,829.0 4,521.7 259.2 811.5 897.1 903.8 149.7 798.9 149.1 151.4 224.0 Cape Verde 149.0 105.3 36.6 5.0 2.9 20.8 7.5 5.7 7.3 3.6 1.0 8.6 Central African Republic 1,029.7 951.6 545.3 86.6 68.4 46.7 49.1 14.5 34.2 8.2 16.1 28.1 Chad 5,725.3 3,931.6 1,890.1 182.3 88.4 369.8 263.3 276.1 367.7 148.2 90.6 55.7 Comoros 95.4 94.2 48.4 0.3 2.9 29.3 3.6 0.8 1.9 0.5 1.0 2.3 Congo, Rep. 6,982.5 1,729.3 634.4 71.1 46.3 227.2 59.6 135.7 141.0 89.9 47.2 129.4 Congo, Dem. Rep. 23,146.1 14,896.2 8,177.3 429.9 696.0 1,778.8 517.8 666.2 386.1 169.1 193.8 635.2 Côte d’Ivoire 12,275.5 8,766.0 3,727.4 276.3 304.3 857.7 724.1 372.1 957.3 251.7 304.4 375.2 Djibouti 205.3 146.7 44.2 11.5 4.3 45.9 8.2 4.7 9.1 0.4 1.7 9.5 Egypt, Arab Rep.a 1,371.1 1,090.5 457.0 35.4 65.9 142.3 52.7 99.5 64.4 27.8 32.4 72.2 Equatorial Guinea 8,367.3 1,076.8 408.2 24.5 32.5 152.4 40.9 101.0 86.3 40.4 19.9 52.6 Ethiopia 506.1 409.2 151.9 10.0 21.0 66.9 39.2 33.5 6.7 1.6 1.9 14.0 Gabon 8,046.1 3,066.5 921.4 173.3 155.1 439.6 139.5 210.5 257.1 136.4 69.8 160.4 Gambia, The 26.6 21.2 9.0 0.6 1.5 1.5 0.5 3.2 0.6 0.5 0.7 1.8 Ghana 59.8 40.0 14.9 0.6 5.7 4.0 2.8 1.4 2.6 0.6 0.4 5.5 Guinea 33,128.3 18,673.4 10,798.4 273.7 1,286.3 1,491.0 724.8 1,360.6 1,024.3 30.3 152.1 594.4 Guinea-Bissau 464.7 318.1 162.3 5.3 25.6 43.7 22.5 7.8 22.6 1.7 13.8 6.0 Kenya 3,048.9 2,669.6 913.5 129.9 65.9 208.1 120.5 193.7 271.0 81.5 90.9 385.2 Lesotho 18.3 20.2 5.2 0.5 2.5 2.1 1.8 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.7 1.9 Liberia 1.1 1.3 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 Madagascar 20,276.4 18,408.8 8,046.8 559.3 1,188.1 1,133.5 2,458.7 324.7 2,376.6 160.2 773.7 649.6 Malawi 1,140.8 1,125.8 549.7 54.4 29.3 122.9 114.3 44.5 87.5 18.9 26.3 56.7 Mali 5,024.5 3,352.6 1,559.4 47.3 193.2 326.5 199.5 132.8 444.4 74.7 133.3 146.6 Mauritania 1,309.4 766.3 461.7 7.3 25.7 72.9 21.6 30.6 33.2 29.6 7.4 57.1 Mauritius 323.0 255.2 73.8 21.3 14.9 39.4 20.4 12.6 34.4 7.8 16.6 20.4 Morocco 802.6 536.6 182.9 17.1 21.8 74.3 24.7 33.2 47.8 32.8 23.6 61.3 Mozambique 364.7 313.2 161.5 13.6 15.1 22.8 8.8 8.9 26.3 3.8 8.2 21.6 Namibia 90.6 64.8 13.0 2.6 3.1 12.4 4.6 7.2 2.6 0.5 2.6 9.1 Niger 3,025.5 2,427.9 1,013.4 54.2 187.3 245.0 117.2 98.6 184.0 56.5 133.1 79.4 Nigeria 38,017.0 24,474.5 9,243.1 345.1 3,537.5 2,504.4 1,727.1 777.3 1,628.3 381.1 262.9 3,122.0 Rwanda 3,814.4 3,313.2 1,586.9 111.0 109.7 546.5 107.1 86.5 213.4 40.1 55.0 173.3 30 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Miscella- Individual Individual Collective consumption neous consumption consumption consumption Gross Changes in Balance expenditure Restaurants goods Net expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery inventories of exports by households and and purchases by by by capital and Construc- Other and and Domestic without hotels services abroad households government government formation equipment tion products valuables imports absorption housing (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) 153.6 1,218.9 0.0 4,552.7 1,962.7 1,337.8 4,617.7 1,952.7 2,403.6 261.5 494.2 1,515.9 12,965.1 4,430.2 174.3 704.1 0.0 4,957.5 971.5 2,560.1 1,669.2 519.1 1,073.7 76.4 27.0 −417.8 10,185.4 4,815.0 258.9 85.4 −26.9 2,631.4 147.6 252.4 712.9 244.9 460.0 8.0 29.5 −334.1 3,773.8 2,453.1 2.2 4.7 0.0 48.6 7.4 12.0 33.6 13.9 19.4 0.4 6.9 −6.0 108.5 45.4 109.6 93.2 −1.3 3,169.0 125.4 741.4 802.6 329.6 407.8 65.2 375.8 −345.7 5,214.2 2,986.8 100.2 57.4 41.4 2,244.6 179.5 333.2 492.3 215.5 249.5 27.3 18.3 −667.9 3,267.9 1,906.9 658.6 223.3 80.9 9,519.1 309.8 1,147.4 2,582.6 1,202.8 1,319.5 60.4 1.0 −1,014.3 13,560.0 8,963.4 12.9 6.6 −13.1 93.0 12.3 15.1 69.8 25.2 41.8 2.8 1.4 −42.6 191.6 81.2 18.4 36.0 0.0 925.6 26.1 46.7 157.7 45.2 85.4 27.1 0.0 −126.4 1,156.1 917.7 29.5 86.2 83.8 3,811.5 120.2 249.1 1,637.9 661.2 788.0 188.7 68.2 −161.5 5,886.9 3,535.2 0.0 3.0 0.3 93.6 0.6 21.9 12.8 5.7 6.4 0.6 3.6 −37.1 132.6 70.4 129.9 51.4 −33.8 1,552.7 176.6 335.4 2,406.5 390.8 1,993.4 22.3 0.0 2,511.4 4,471.1 1,445.3 898.9 347.2 0.0 14,337.3 558.8 2,675.7 5,460.5 2,002.8 3,258.6 199.0 21.2 92.6 23,053.5 13,418.0 125.7 395.8 94.1 8,294.8 471.3 966.1 1,373.7 487.4 820.0 66.3 −804.8 1,974.4 10,301.1 7,735.9 1.4 3.4 2.3 136.2 10.5 40.7 54.1 17.9 36.0 0.3 9.1 −45.3 250.6 110.4 34.3 77.2 −70.7 1,036.1 54.4 102.6 229.1 106.5 116.4 6.2 5.4 −56.5 1,427.6 940.1 36.9 59.0 22.2 1,004.4 72.3 152.2 2,765.0 1,416.0 902.8 446.2 0.0 4,373.3 3,994.0 922.7 19.3 43.2 0.0 397.6 11.6 32.0 131.0 48.6 59.3 23.0 10.4 −76.5 582.6 363.7 141.2 99.1 163.1 2,813.0 253.5 762.2 1,528.4 447.1 450.5 630.8 3.1 2,686.0 5,360.1 2,527.0 0.2 1.0 0.0 20.2 1.0 1.9 7.1 4.5 2.2 0.4 0.0 −3.6 30.2 19.7 0.0 1.5 0.0 36.8 3.3 6.7 15.3 8.7 5.7 0.9 1.1 −3.3 63.2 36.2 264.3 466.8 206.4 18,424.7 248.7 1,518.1 7,899.0 5,023.5 2,604.4 271.1 641.7 4,396.2 28,732.2 17,419.2 1.5 5.3 0.0 311.0 7.1 81.9 59.7 26.4 31.0 2.3 5.0 0.0 464.7 299.8 165.7 185.9 −142.2 2,304.9 364.7 256.2 610.8 335.3 273.7 1.8 16.2 −503.9 3,552.8 2,195.8 0.3 1.2 1.9 17.8 2.4 3.9 4.9 1.3 3.4 0.2 0.2 −10.8 29.2 16.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 −0.5 1.7 1.1 603.0 289.2 −154.6 17,830.7 578.0 1,463.3 3,527.8 1,567.2 1,791.9 168.7 0.0 −3,123.5 23,399.8 17,644.3 28.1 26.0 −32.8 1,062.3 63.5 78.4 189.6 140.2 37.7 11.7 −37.4 −215.6 1,356.4 985.0 61.1 85.3 −51.6 3,180.8 171.8 604.3 1,114.2 479.6 583.7 51.0 43.8 −90.5 5,115.0 2,959.0 5.2 13.9 0.1 678.7 87.6 199.3 752.1 370.1 315.6 66.4 −313.4 −94.8 1,404.2 634.2 8.8 16.0 −31.1 237.2 18.0 25.7 77.6 23.3 50.7 3.6 6.3 −41.8 364.7 219.8 31.0 35.1 −48.8 472.9 63.7 82.6 246.4 105.7 127.2 13.4 42.2 −105.2 907.8 427.7 2.9 15.8 3.8 290.6 22.6 26.3 64.9 21.9 42.8 0.2 7.7 −47.5 412.2 276.4 3.9 5.7 −2.5 55.9 8.9 14.0 19.3 7.1 11.6 0.7 −1.1 −6.4 97.0 47.8 119.8 143.0 −3.6 2,342.3 85.6 301.9 1,120.9 493.0 601.7 26.3 2.0 −827.3 3,852.8 2,223.2 10.9 924.8 9.9 22,840.8 1,633.7 3,346.2 3,908.3 2,215.4 1,454.7 238.2 2.3 6,285.6 31,731.3 22,468.3 102.9 118.8 61.8 3,181.4 131.8 346.0 817.9 178.6 601.8 37.5 0.0 −662.7 4,477.1 2,828.1 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 31 Table 2.2 (Continued) Furnishings, Alcoholic Housing, household EXPENDITURES Actual beverages, water, equipment (national currency Gross individual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, and Recreation units, billions) domestic consump- nonalcoholic and and gas, and mainte- Communi- and Economy product tion beverages narcotics footwear other fuels nance Health Transport cation culture Education (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) (11) (12) São Tomé and Príncipe 4,375.5 5,117.2 2,793.7 230.9 201.0 483.0 172.9 202.0 500.8 65.0 74.4 198.1 Senegal 6,766.8 5,601.0 2,744.5 72.6 194.7 1,075.5 316.1 162.9 275.1 274.1 72.2 297.2 Seychelles 13.1 8.0 3.2 0.2 0.3 1.4 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.8 Sierra Leone 12,754.9 11,448.2 4,530.5 353.6 915.9 858.6 324.4 1,826.7 351.7 324.5 396.4 871.9 South Africa 2,917.5 1,992.4 353.1 87.6 86.0 271.4 122.0 220.7 257.5 51.3 81.3 213.0 Sudanb 186.6 130.9 67.7 0.9 5.8 19.2 8.5 1.7 10.7 2.1 3.0 4.3 Swaziland 29.7 26.8 12.2 0.2 1.5 3.6 2.8 1.7 2.1 0.3 1.1 2.2 Tanzania 37,533.0 25,647.6 16,914.0 171.1 1,708.1 1,822.3 1,115.7 899.9 989.0 17.9 274.6 1,230.2 Togo 1,739.2 1,539.4 667.2 36.1 76.5 119.8 69.3 100.2 86.0 36.1 19.8 103.2 Tunisia 64.7 48.2 10.6 1.5 3.3 6.8 2.9 3.4 6.9 1.7 1.6 3.8 Uganda 45,944.1 41,649.9 13,863.6 2,427.8 1,204.2 7,473.0 2,346.3 1,150.3 2,480.8 766.8 2,506.2 4,477.0 Zambia 101,104.8 55,896.0 32,622.8 449.3 3,508.4 6,652.1 851.2 2,876.9 760.9 1,443.9 387.2 3,471.5 Zimbabwe 8.9 8.5 4.7 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.6 Total (50) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Bangladesh 9,702.9 7,299.2 3,715.3 151.8 437.2 1,255.4 236.1 266.7 305.6 35.0 52.9 394.6 Bhutan 85.9 44.4 13.0 1.1 3.3 7.8 0.8 5.0 4.2 1.1 2.7 3.9 Brunei Darussalam 21.0 5.0 0.9 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.8 Cambodia 52,068.7 43,880.6 20,093.0 1,664.1 837.5 6,511.2 797.6 3,096.9 3,281.9 108.9 1,218.0 2,967.4 Chinac 47,310.4 20,301.3 3,814.9 437.2 1,403.2 2,813.9 990.3 3,045.5 1,186.4 689.1 1,103.2 2,042.4 Fiji 6.7 5.2 1.5 0.2 0.1 1.3 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.3 Hong Kong SAR, China 1,936.1 1,289.9 139.8 13.7 56.3 244.9 71.4 108.3 90.2 27.8 144.4 45.4 India 86,993.1 51,479.1 14,485.2 1,541.0 3,621.4 6,619.7 1,920.3 2,395.6 7,737.4 533.9 773.7 2,306.2 Indonesia 7,422,781.2 4,321,509.5 1,635,156.2 74,477.8 161,475.9 879,768.0 116,939.2 144,792.2 295,717.5 83,173.0 83,913.8 319,157.1 Lao PDR 64,727.1 37,958.6 19,378.0 1,935.0 592.6 4,857.2 1,002.5 857.5 4,010.0 466.0 1,003.5 1,582.0 Macao SAR, China 295.0 69.0 6.6 0.5 4.2 10.5 1.4 4.9 6.0 1.9 7.1 5.0 Malaysia 884.5 474.5 80.7 7.0 8.7 70.1 20.8 27.9 62.5 28.5 18.7 49.8 Maldives 31.6 12.0 2.3 0.5 0.2 4.7 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.2 1.6 Mongolia 12,546.8 7,613.9 2,176.4 543.7 381.3 1,092.5 112.5 357.3 1,196.3 222.8 217.1 767.8 Myanmar 45,128.0 31,485.5 16,452.6 643.0 971.6 4,169.9 427.8 1,948.8 1,033.0 482.4 360.6 2,619.1 Nepal 1,449.5 1,164.0 652.5 38.2 30.4 150.7 21.3 48.9 36.7 16.4 29.3 66.0 Pakistan 19,187.9 16,296.8 7,200.2 154.4 757.4 3,159.5 534.4 1,014.2 1,044.8 271.1 181.1 775.2 Philippines 9,706.3 7,468.0 3,053.3 91.8 100.9 885.0 291.9 236.2 770.4 225.4 129.6 532.2 Singapore 334.1 143.2 8.9 2.6 3.8 26.1 7.2 12.1 17.9 2.7 15.5 13.3 Sri Lanka 6,542.7 5,025.1 2,126.6 374.1 149.6 682.7 122.6 259.9 390.0 95.2 69.9 276.8 Taiwan, China 13,709.1 8,835.7 1,040.6 175.7 375.4 1,461.2 391.6 842.5 918.4 314.1 842.1 768.9 Thailand 11,120.5 6,890.0 1,765.5 242.9 231.9 625.9 280.5 522.7 964.3 143.0 320.6 604.6 Vietnam 2,779,880.2 1,762,838.5 455,802.1 49,429.5 72,689.9 402,769.2 101,638.7 128,338.8 176,330.7 13,025.9 69,843.1 151,555.0 Total (23) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 32 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Miscella- Individual Individual Collective consumption neous consumption consumption consumption Gross Changes in Balance expenditure Restaurants goods Net expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery inventories of exports by households and and purchases by by by capital and Construc- Other and and Domestic without hotels services abroad households government government formation equipment tion products valuables imports absorption housing (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) 65.1 96.0 34.4 4,919.9 197.2 336.7 861.5 647.0 153.6 61.0 6.7 −1,946.6 6,322.1 4,650.4 50.6 215.2 −149.7 5,312.1 288.9 670.8 1,611.4 615.0 981.5 14.9 98.0 −1,214.5 7,981.3 4,740.3 0.1 0.2 0.0 6.9 1.0 2.7 4.5 1.8 2.4 0.2 0.8 −2.7 15.8 6.0 140.9 553.0 0.0 11,163.1 285.1 1,004.1 5,315.9 3,776.8 1,477.3 61.8 50.0 −5,063.2 17,818.1 10,839.6 41.4 226.9 −19.8 1,731.7 260.7 374.3 553.3 263.0 265.0 25.3 15.6 −18.0 2,935.6 1,545.7 2.9 3.4 0.7 129.9 1.0 11.7 41.6 21.7 19.9 0.0 4.9 −2.5 189.1 117.2 0.2 0.4 −1.7 25.1 1.7 2.8 2.8 1.1 1.3 0.4 0.0 −2.6 32.3 22.3 3.5 501.4 0.0 24,815.7 832.0 5,313.7 13,534.1 5,821.4 7,409.9 302.8 228.0 −7,190.4 44,723.4 24,741.9 125.6 164.3 −64.7 1,474.2 65.2 141.0 307.7 93.6 200.0 14.1 30.8 −279.7 2,018.9 1,417.7 4.6 3.0 −2.0 42.5 5.7 6.2 14.0 4.6 8.9 0.5 1.1 −4.8 69.5 37.2 1,187.7 1,766.1 0.0 37,758.9 3,891.0 756.4 11,341.5 3,281.1 7,541.0 519.4 144.4 −7,948.2 53,892.2 34,447.2 149.7 2,722.2 0.0 52,484.7 3,411.2 15,796.5 21,902.2 6,629.6 14,269.7 1,003.0 1,435.9 6,074.3 95,030.6 49,188.8 0.1 0.4 0.1 7.8 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.3 0.7 0.0 0.4 −1.8 10.6 7.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 165.8 282.8 0.0 7,154.3 144.9 359.8 2,748.6 652.8 2,059.8 36.0 53.1 −757.8 10,460.7 6,502.4 0.5 1.0 0.0 37.6 6.8 10.2 57.2 23.6 33.5 0.0 −0.3 −25.5 111.5 32.2 0.3 0.3 0.0 4.1 0.9 2.6 2.7 0.8 1.7 0.2 −0.1 10.7 10.3 3.6 2,101.9 1,202.0 0.0 41,431.0 2,449.5 1,931.4 6,035.3 2,966.8 3,002.6 65.9 277.9 −56.5 52,125.2 37,025.0 1,033.6 1,741.7 0.0 16,254.7 4,046.7 2,958.3 21,568.2 6,185.3 13,609.8 1,773.1 1,266.2 1,216.3 46,094.1 14,654.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 4.8 0.4 0.4 1.3 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.2 −0.3 7.1 3.8 129.6 218.1 0.0 1,224.8 65.0 103.5 455.0 200.6 214.0 40.5 11.7 76.0 1,860.1 1,017.4 1,283.5 8,261.0 0.0 48,648.2 2,830.9 7,196.2 26,908.2 10,274.4 15,618.4 1,015.4 6,344.1 −4,934.5 91,927.6 44,142.9 309,883.2 217,055.6 0.0 4,053,363.6 268,146.0 400,436.9 2,372,765.8 391,059.2 1,923,723.7 57,982.9 223,318.3 104,750.6 7,318,030.6 3,526,617.3 1,131.5 1,142.6 0.0 36,750.1 1,208.5 5,049.9 23,103.7 6,902.8 11,301.1 4,899.8 961.0 −2,346.2 67,073.2 34,671.0 13.1 7.8 0.0 60.5 8.5 12.4 36.6 8.5 27.8 0.3 4.2 172.8 122.2 52.2 39.1 60.7 0.0 418.3 56.3 58.8 197.2 71.3 98.3 27.6 8.7 145.3 739.2 379.2 0.2 0.3 0.0 10.2 1.8 5.6 15.9 6.1 9.8 0.0 0.0 −1.9 33.5 6.5 131.7 414.4 0.0 6,885.5 728.4 895.2 5,910.4 3,519.1 2,181.9 209.5 1,510.4 −3,383.2 15,930.0 5,949.8 1,417.3 959.3 0.0 28,760.0 2,725.5 1,895.4 12,061.2 5,872.0 5,231.0 958.1 5.7 −319.8 45,447.8 26,511.1 24.1 49.4 0.0 1,114.6 49.5 97.0 299.5 65.2 166.6 67.7 231.6 −342.6 1,792.1 993.5 166.3 1,038.1 0.0 15,712.2 584.6 1,356.4 2,481.8 796.6 1,186.4 498.8 307.0 −1,254.1 20,441.9 14,436.1 263.7 887.5 0.0 7,132.6 335.4 606.4 1,817.2 698.7 904.5 213.9 168.7 −354.0 10,060.3 6,521.9 14.8 18.2 0.0 130.2 13.0 21.6 79.4 29.6 46.7 3.1 −4.0 93.9 240.2 107.8 191.8 286.1 0.0 4,568.4 456.8 511.0 1,772.5 542.1 1,118.6 111.8 186.3 −952.3 7,494.9 4,143.2 473.4 1,231.8 0.0 8,235.4 600.3 1,096.3 2,866.0 1,334.2 1,297.3 234.5 −6.9 918.0 12,791.0 7,019.7 538.7 649.6 0.0 6,076.1 813.9 1,004.7 2,973.5 1,992.8 935.1 45.6 62.1 190.2 10,930.3 5,645.2 76,959.6 64,456.3 0.0 1,638,345.5 124,493.0 164,322.9 827,032.2 214,706.0 564,516.5 47,809.7 140,574.1 −114,887.5 2,894,767.7 1,388,272.7 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 33 Table 2.2 (Continued) Furnishings, Alcoholic Housing, household EXPENDITURES Actual beverages, water, equipment (national currency Gross individual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, and Recreation units, billions) domestic consump- nonalcoholic and and gas, and mainte- Communi- and Economy product tion beverages narcotics footwear other fuels nance Health Transport cation culture Education (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) (11) (12) COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES Armenia 3,777.9 3,356.4 1,830.7 151.9 116.7 270.7 46.1 205.4 173.2 178.6 76.7 149.6 Azerbaijan 52.1 21.4 7.9 0.5 2.0 1.7 1.1 0.9 2.2 1.2 0.7 1.6 Belarus 297,157.7 168,548.8 53,321.4 10,240.9 10,656.8 13,051.3 7,630.1 15,115.5 14,014.2 7,235.4 8,995.9 14,331.7 Kazakhstan 27,571.9 13,329.9 2,717.1 296.8 785.6 2,887.3 526.1 1,044.9 1,429.0 521.7 655.3 1,118.6 Kyrgyz Republic 286.0 267.8 101.3 12.2 19.2 19.8 9.4 13.7 28.1 17.3 11.3 21.6 Moldova 82.3 92.6 26.0 5.4 5.3 11.9 6.6 3.3 9.3 3.4 3.0 7.7 d Russian Federation 55,799.6 32,186.9 8,155.0 2,211.3 2,437.8 3,135.3 1,322.0 2,553.4 3,322.8 1,238.2 1,756.8 1,790.3 Tajikistan 30.1 34.6 15.3 0.1 3.0 2.1 1.2 1.6 2.7 2.1 0.7 1.4 Ukraine 1,302.1 1,030.6 337.7 59.6 54.8 110.8 37.7 90.5 106.9 21.3 42.3 91.5 Total (9) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. EUROSTAT-OECD Albania 1,282.3 1,094.3 413.5 29.1 41.8 133.6 72.5 62.4 55.6 21.9 25.8 36.0 Australia 1,444.5 928.0 80.4 28.5 26.1 182.4 35.7 117.7 81.2 19.3 93.1 76.5 Austria 299.2 197.3 16.6 5.7 9.9 35.3 10.8 20.8 22.0 3.3 19.1 15.8 Belgium 369.3 252.4 25.2 6.5 9.4 44.7 10.7 36.7 23.1 4.0 18.7 23.3 Bosnia and Herzegovina 26.8 25.0 7.2 1.6 1.0 3.2 1.3 2.1 2.1 0.7 1.2 1.4 Bulgaria 75.3 52.9 9.9 3.5 1.5 8.4 3.7 5.1 8.2 2.9 4.3 2.7 Canada 1,759.7 1,202.8 89.2 33.1 39.7 231.7 53.0 152.9 142.0 23.6 96.2 94.3 Chile 121,492.7 83,595.3 12,027.6 2,269.6 4,147.8 12,147.6 5,304.3 7,976.6 9,472.7 2,942.5 5,741.0 7,064.1 Croatia 330.2 233.4 44.4 14.9 10.1 41.1 12.3 27.6 22.5 7.6 23.6 18.6 Cyprus 17.9 13.7 1.7 0.6 0.8 2.4 0.6 1.2 1.5 0.4 1.1 1.3 Czech Republic 3,823.4 2,347.3 294.3 184.1 61.1 534.9 105.6 277.4 186.0 60.5 215.6 163.6 Denmark 1,791.8 1,236.6 97.6 30.4 39.7 249.4 42.9 160.9 105.1 14.6 107.2 113.7 Estonia 16.2 9.9 1.6 0.7 0.5 1.8 0.3 0.9 1.1 0.3 0.8 0.8 Finland 188.7 136.2 12.4 5.0 5.0 26.9 5.4 16.4 11.4 2.1 13.1 11.1 France 2,001.4 1,475.7 150.9 35.8 47.8 296.0 65.2 185.1 160.1 31.0 117.9 107.8 Germany 2,609.9 1,818.0 162.9 45.8 69.1 343.3 89.0 230.3 197.7 37.3 142.3 106.5 Greece 208.5 170.3 26.0 7.0 6.0 38.1 6.4 16.9 18.9 4.7 9.2 11.3 Hungary 27,635.4 17,717.0 2,582.8 1,120.6 431.1 3,294.8 652.2 2,012.8 1,952.3 563.5 1,356.4 1,219.7 Iceland 1,628.7 1,117.2 118.5 34.5 34.0 183.8 56.4 139.5 120.8 18.7 111.4 113.7 Ireland 162.6 99.2 7.6 4.1 3.1 18.5 3.2 14.6 9.7 2.2 5.9 7.7 Israel 923.9 642.2 84.5 13.3 15.5 128.3 32.1 55.1 82.7 20.6 40.6 66.3 Italy 1,580.4 1,156.1 139.4 26.5 73.2 216.2 69.5 138.4 123.0 23.3 78.3 68.6 Japan 470,623.2 340,953.4 38,436.2 7,607.6 8,858.4 70,934.6 14,061.2 36,104.6 30,162.8 9,624.9 25,592.3 17,222.5 Korea, Rep. 1,235,160.5 739,451.4 82,192.5 14,325.5 32,153.0 103,510.6 21,124.2 81,457.7 74,796.7 27,242.4 51,734.8 81,382.4 Latvia 14.3 10.0 1.7 0.7 0.4 2.0 0.3 0.7 1.3 0.3 0.8 0.7 Lithuania 106.9 78.7 16.4 5.2 4.1 11.0 4.0 7.8 10.2 1.6 5.1 5.2 Luxembourg 41.7 17.5 1.3 1.4 0.7 3.9 1.0 1.9 3.1 0.3 1.4 1.8 34 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Miscella- Individual Individual Collective consumption neous consumption consumption consumption Gross Changes in Balance expenditure Restaurants goods Net expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery inventories of exports by households and and purchases by by by capital and Construc- Other and and Domestic without hotels services abroad households government government formation equipment tion products valuables imports absorption housing (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) 39.7 105.2 11.8 3,161.0 195.4 293.0 982.7 163.5 793.3 25.9 37.3 −891.5 4,669.4 3,051.1 0.7 0.9 0.0 19.4 2.0 3.3 10.5 5.4 4.6 0.5 0.0 16.8 35.2 18.8 4,891.8 6,935.0 2,128.9 141,646.8 26,902.0 14,485.3 112,308.9 48,972.0 62,402.2 934.8 5,020.9 −3,206.2 300,363.9 136,878.2 459.5 885.8 2.1 11,791.9 1,538.0 1,403.9 5,771.6 1,662.2 3,757.3 352.1 1,176.7 5,889.8 21,682.1 9,779.0 10.4 11.2 −7.6 238.5 29.3 22.9 67.8 30.2 35.4 2.1 5.1 −77.5 363.5 234.0 1.4 8.0 1.3 79.5 13.0 3.5 19.2 6.1 11.6 1.5 0.7 −33.6 116.0 75.2 898.9 2,747.3 617.7 27,398.6 4,788.3 5,252.5 11,595.2 4,163.3 6,489.2 942.7 1,988.6 4,776.5 51,023.0 26,024.0 0.4 1.7 2.3 32.1 2.5 1.6 9.7 4.3 4.4 1.0 1.1 −17.0 47.0 31.6 22.7 55.9 −1.0 875.6 155.1 82.4 241.8 92.7 143.6 5.4 28.2 −80.9 1,383.0 821.4 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 27.6 61.3 113.0 1,029.6 64.7 70.6 423.8 89.2 325.1 9.6 −10.9 −295.7 1,578.0 947.0 54.2 136.3 −3.3 774.5 153.6 101.4 389.3 94.2 223.8 71.3 7.0 18.8 1,425.7 633.2 19.8 24.6 −6.3 163.9 33.5 23.3 63.5 24.3 33.0 6.3 6.1 9.0 290.3 141.7 11.5 35.7 2.9 194.7 57.7 32.6 76.5 28.6 41.0 6.9 4.7 3.1 366.2 164.5 1.6 2.3 −0.7 22.2 2.8 3.1 4.8 2.0 2.6 0.2 0.1 −6.3 33.0 20.7 3.2 3.3 −3.7 47.0 5.9 5.9 16.2 7.0 8.6 0.6 0.3 0.0 75.3 42.0 64.5 166.0 16.7 980.1 222.7 159.1 412.0 82.0 273.8 56.3 7.7 −21.9 1,781.6 789.9 3,510.0 11,215.6 −224.1 74,405.2 9,190.1 5,385.9 27,248.3 10,690.3 14,472.6 2,085.4 1,280.7 3,982.5 117,510.2 67,304.3 35.1 20.3 −44.6 197.8 35.5 29.8 63.3 20.5 37.9 4.9 4.0 −0.2 330.4 174.9 2.0 1.2 −1.1 12.1 1.6 2.0 3.0 0.9 2.0 0.1 0.0 −0.8 18.7 10.5 154.1 200.4 −90.2 1,935.2 412.2 380.4 922.6 409.5 462.0 51.1 14.5 158.6 3,664.8 1,613.8 44.7 228.4 2.0 872.4 364.2 144.0 310.9 108.9 157.3 44.7 6.3 93.9 1,697.8 700.3 0.6 0.9 −0.4 8.2 1.7 1.4 3.8 1.8 1.9 0.1 0.5 0.6 15.6 7.0 6.4 21.3 −0.3 105.2 31.0 15.2 36.6 8.8 24.6 3.2 2.0 −1.4 190.0 86.5 79.1 206.5 −7.5 1,155.3 320.5 169.5 400.0 108.2 248.8 42.9 15.5 −59.3 2,060.7 951.2 82.6 275.4 35.7 1,498.4 319.6 179.9 473.2 181.2 263.3 28.6 3.2 135.7 2,474.3 1,262.5 18.8 15.3 −8.2 155.6 14.7 21.5 31.6 12.8 16.6 2.2 2.0 −16.9 225.4 130.0 1,001.3 2,270.6 −741.1 14,725.9 2,991.1 2,824.3 4,950.0 2,073.6 2,579.8 296.6 359.3 1,784.8 25,850.6 12,890.9 69.6 117.6 −1.3 844.8 272.4 141.0 229.5 87.3 124.7 17.5 4.6 136.3 1,492.4 699.3 9.5 11.2 1.9 78.2 21.0 8.9 17.3 6.5 9.3 1.5 2.1 35.1 127.5 64.9 35.5 75.3 −7.6 529.2 113.0 99.8 188.8 60.5 91.3 37.0 −2.3 −4.6 928.5 428.7 97.8 116.5 −14.4 967.9 188.2 133.8 301.3 120.6 143.6 37.1 11.2 −22.1 1,602.5 818.5 18,231.3 61,586.4 2,530.5 284,784.3 56,169.1 40,034.2 96,872.1 37,812.0 45,646.5 13,413.6 −2,953.1 −4,283.4 474,906.7 225,972.2 51,650.2 107,940.1 9,941.3 655,386.6 84,064.8 105,486.9 340,101.0 120,249.7 192,753.0 27,098.3 25,181.4 24,939.8 1,210,220.7 583,407.8 0.4 0.7 0.0 8.9 1.1 1.4 3.0 1.3 1.7 0.1 0.5 −0.7 15.0 7.7 1.9 6.9 −0.6 67.1 11.6 8.4 19.3 6.3 11.3 1.6 3.4 −2.9 109.8 62.7 1.1 3.1 −3.3 13.3 4.3 2.7 7.7 2.9 4.4 0.5 1.1 12.7 29.1 10.3 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 35 Table 2.2 (Continued) Furnishings, Alcoholic Housing, household EXPENDITURES Actual beverages, water, equipment (national currency Gross individual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, and Recreation units, billions) domestic consump- nonalcoholic and and gas, and mainte- Communi- and Economy product tion beverages narcotics footwear other fuels nance Health Transport cation culture Education (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) (11) (12) Macedonia, FYR 459.8 380.6 116.9 11.5 17.0 66.6 14.1 24.0 34.2 20.2 12.0 20.2 Malta 6.6 4.7 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.3 Mexico 14,536.9 10,539.2 2,246.1 253.0 287.9 1,985.4 547.3 661.7 1,801.4 358.2 443.5 547.2 Montenegro 3.2 3.0 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 Netherlands 599.0 374.0 31.5 8.3 14.3 66.2 15.8 46.8 34.1 11.1 30.8 30.3 New Zealand 204.5 146.7 17.6 6.4 5.5 28.5 6.0 18.0 14.5 3.9 13.5 11.8 Norway 2,750.0 1,519.8 137.6 44.3 55.3 224.8 59.2 202.8 155.7 27.2 152.5 116.1 Poland 1,528.1 1,092.1 174.2 59.5 40.7 226.2 41.7 105.1 92.9 27.2 83.2 81.6 Portugal 171.1 131.5 19.4 3.9 6.4 18.7 6.4 16.0 15.3 3.4 9.6 10.2 Romania 556.7 402.1 94.8 17.3 13.1 76.5 17.0 44.6 38.0 17.1 24.7 19.2 Russian Federationd 55,799.6 32,186.9 8,155.0 2,211.3 2,437.8 3,103.8 1,322.0 2,538.5 3,322.8 1,238.2 1,721.6 1,780.9 Serbia 3,208.6 2,879.5 681.7 137.3 93.3 567.0 95.4 300.2 334.2 111.9 147.1 149.9 Slovak Republic 69.0 45.7 7.0 1.8 1.6 10.2 2.4 4.3 3.1 1.5 4.2 2.9 Slovenia 36.1 25.2 3.3 1.2 1.2 4.3 1.3 2.9 3.3 0.7 2.2 2.2 Spain 1,046.3 741.8 88.7 18.6 33.6 132.5 30.2 85.7 72.9 17.6 61.4 54.2 Sweden 3,480.5 2,337.4 198.7 59.0 78.8 442.0 82.2 281.4 216.9 54.1 213.4 229.0 Switzerland 585.1 371.6 29.5 11.8 11.1 79.4 13.7 50.0 29.9 7.9 29.9 29.5 Turkey 1,297.7 1,022.7 222.9 32.6 52.0 186.3 75.9 78.4 159.9 27.9 42.9 50.8 United Kingdom 1,536.9 1,205.1 86.6 33.8 55.2 239.8 47.2 133.8 128.1 20.4 134.4 95.6 United States 15,533.8 11,667.0 698.4 207.6 366.0 1,962.8 429.5 2,300.0 1,079.1 246.7 996.1 930.9 Total (47) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. LATIN AMERICA Bolivia 166.1 104.0 35.1 1.6 2.2 11.1 7.4 9.0 17.8 1.1 1.1 6.3 Brazil 4,143.0 2,833.3 408.8 51.0 118.9 379.7 190.4 316.7 383.8 91.0 132.4 242.4 Colombia 621,615.0 422,979.0 70,269.0 11,791.0 24,695.0 60,636.0 16,114.0 31,460.5 46,840.0 16,804.0 19,893.0 36,552.5 Costa Rica 20,748.0 16,078.7 3,223.3 145.7 701.5 1,008.7 935.6 1,961.6 2,863.4 375.6 1,563.8 1,638.3 Cubae … … … … … … … … … … … … Dominican Republic 2,119.3 1,883.9 457.0 111.5 61.2 279.2 67.4 117.5 243.3 79.7 40.8 83.4 Ecuador 79.8 53.5 10.8 1.3 2.2 7.3 3.8 4.4 6.0 2.9 2.7 5.5 El Salvador 23.1 22.8 5.8 0.4 1.2 3.8 2.2 1.8 2.0 0.8 1.0 1.1 Guatemala 371.3 334.1 129.4 5.4 17.5 42.0 18.4 22.5 23.9 24.2 10.2 13.9 Haiti 297.7 337.5 197.1 7.8 23.2 38.0 11.3 11.3 17.4 1.4 8.0 14.4 Honduras 335.0 287.9 85.2 9.1 12.6 35.5 11.6 28.1 27.4 9.1 10.8 25.0 Nicaragua 216.1 181.4 47.3 5.1 5.2 24.2 10.0 19.5 22.2 6.2 6.9 12.9 Panama 31.3 20.7 3.5 0.1 1.3 4.1 1.5 1.5 2.7 0.7 1.1 1.2 Paraguay 105,203.2 80,072.8 22,129.6 1,013.0 4,162.6 7,226.3 6,471.4 6,500.1 6,862.1 2,949.0 5,181.8 7,436.4 Peru 497.8 311.2 70.5 6.9 19.4 32.9 15.4 20.1 33.2 12.2 18.5 26.2 Uruguay 896.8 677.3 125.1 15.9 30.5 129.3 37.5 81.7 49.9 26.7 22.8 44.1 36 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Miscella- Individual Individual Collective consumption neous consumption consumption consumption Gross Changes in Balance expenditure Restaurants goods Net expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery inventories of exports by households and and purchases by by by capital and Construc- Other and and Domestic without hotels services abroad households government government formation equipment tion products valuables imports absorption housing (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) 13.0 26.9 4.0 345.3 35.4 48.8 94.7 31.8 59.0 3.9 25.8 −90.2 550.0 305.1 0.8 0.6 −0.7 4.0 0.7 0.6 1.0 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.3 6.4 3.7 393.1 1,063.5 −48.9 9,640.8 898.4 794.4 3,165.0 974.6 2,125.7 64.8 221.2 −182.9 14,719.9 8,040.4 0.4 0.2 −0.6 2.7 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 −0.7 4.0 2.4 13.4 72.9 −1.5 271.8 102.2 65.1 106.9 33.0 60.4 13.4 1.7 51.4 547.6 228.6 8.6 15.4 −3.0 122.2 24.5 16.9 37.1 12.7 21.3 3.1 0.9 2.9 201.6 98.1 62.7 239.7 41.8 1,131.7 388.1 202.7 536.8 173.0 255.3 108.5 125.9 364.8 2,385.1 965.0 26.4 139.9 −6.5 933.9 158.2 116.5 308.7 116.0 173.5 19.2 28.4 −17.6 1,545.7 868.6 12.9 14.7 −5.3 113.0 18.5 15.5 30.8 9.2 18.9 2.7 0.8 −7.5 178.6 101.1 11.5 27.0 1.2 353.5 48.7 35.2 145.2 47.1 91.3 6.8 3.8 −29.6 586.3 305.6 898.9 2,838.3 617.7 27,398.6 4,788.3 5,252.5 11,595.2 4,163.3 6,489.2 942.7 1,988.6 4,776.5 51,023.0 26,055.5 57.2 241.8 −37.5 2,469.4 410.2 209.3 592.8 252.0 304.2 36.6 53.5 −526.5 3,735.1 2,134.7 2.0 4.8 0.0 39.7 6.0 6.4 16.0 5.3 7.2 3.5 0.5 0.4 68.6 36.1 1.5 2.5 −1.4 20.8 4.5 3.1 6.7 2.9 3.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 35.6 18.4 108.5 70.8 −33.0 612.8 128.9 93.8 216.7 63.0 111.0 42.7 5.1 −11.0 1,057.3 523.4 91.8 403.6 −13.6 1,671.2 666.2 257.9 650.8 241.2 316.9 92.7 40.4 194.0 3,286.5 1,348.9 22.3 56.6 0.0 335.4 36.2 28.3 120.3 52.7 54.5 13.0 4.2 60.7 524.4 268.9 60.0 75.0 −41.9 923.8 98.9 81.8 283.2 164.2 118.0 1.0 22.5 −112.5 1,410.2 786.4 79.4 144.4 6.3 992.3 212.8 124.4 220.7 44.9 126.3 49.5 10.0 −23.3 1,560.2 792.9 670.7 1,803.2 −23.8 10,711.8 955.2 1,570.9 2,828.2 1,014.6 1,295.0 518.6 36.4 −568.7 16,102.5 9,105.2 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 8.1 3.1 0.1 101.3 2.7 20.2 31.5 17.7 11.8 2.0 1.0 9.4 156.7 95.6 159.9 358.1 0.0 2,499.5 333.8 522.9 798.7 418.1 330.8 49.8 18.5 −30.4 4,173.4 2,240.1 44,222.0 43,621.0 81.0 381,323.0 41,656.0 56,385.0 146,522.0 50,778.0 90,288.0 5,456.0 1,094.0 −5,365.0 626,980.0 342,707.8 748.3 753.0 159.9 13,555.4 2,523.3 1,203.6 4,104.9 1,767.8 2,214.8 122.2 377.0 −1,016.3 21,764.2 13,120.1 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 153.4 199.8 −10.4 1,833.7 50.1 105.8 345.4 98.0 241.9 5.5 2.9 −218.7 2,338.0 1,648.0 2.2 4.9 −0.3 48.7 4.8 5.3 20.8 6.7 5.9 8.1 2.4 −2.2 82.0 43.3 1.5 1.3 −0.1 21.6 1.2 1.4 2.9 1.5 1.4 0.0 0.4 −4.3 27.5 19.3 19.4 13.7 −6.3 316.6 17.6 20.8 54.6 28.6 25.9 0.1 1.6 −39.8 411.1 284.2 0.7 7.0 0.0 334.0 3.5 0.3 86.3 2.2 84.0 0.0 0.0 −126.4 424.1 320.1 15.7 17.8 0.0 260.1 27.8 26.0 81.9 45.5 32.1 4.3 5.2 −66.0 401.0 241.4 10.9 13.7 −2.7 168.1 13.3 18.5 48.7 18.8 26.0 3.9 1.8 −34.2 250.3 152.6 1.1 1.9 0.0 18.9 1.8 2.0 8.2 3.7 4.5 0.0 0.3 0.1 31.2 15.9 3,829.4 6,311.0 0.0 73,739.5 6,333.3 4,822.9 17,231.6 7,333.3 8,529.5 1,368.9 401.1 2,674.8 102,528.4 71,754.5 27.6 28.3 0.0 296.0 15.2 30.6 129.3 46.5 78.7 4.1 5.3 21.4 476.4 273.6 46.9 53.7 13.1 609.2 68.1 50.1 170.4 54.2 105.5 10.7 3.4 −4.4 901.2 511.0 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 37 Table 2.2 (Continued) Furnishings, Alcoholic Housing, household EXPENDITURES Actual beverages, water, equipment (national currency Gross individual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, and Recreation units, billions) domestic consump- nonalcoholic and and gas, and mainte- Communi- and Economy product tion beverages narcotics footwear other fuels nance Health Transport cation culture Education (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) (11) (12) Venezuela, RB 1,357.5 823.8 177.4 24.3 37.7 40.3 47.2 74.3 109.3 46.1 52.3 69.7 Total (17) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. CARIBBEAN Anguilla 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 Antigua and Barbuda 3.0 2.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 Aruba 4.6 3.6 0.3 0.0 0.1 1.2 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 Bahamas, The 7.9 6.0 0.6 0.1 0.2 1.9 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.4 Barbados 8.7 7.8 1.1 0.1 0.1 4.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 Belize 3.0 2.3 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 Bermuda 5.6 4.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 Bonairef … … 0.0 0.0 0.0 … 0.0 … 0.0 0.0 … … Cayman Islands 2.7 2.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 Curaçao 5.4 4.2 0.4 0.1 0.3 1.3 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 Dominica 1.3 1.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 Grenada 2.1 2.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 Jamaica 1,241.8 1,155.4 324.2 15.5 20.9 156.7 64.3 69.8 164.5 31.2 102.3 85.5 Montserrat 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 St. Kitts and Nevis 2.0 1.5 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 St. Lucia 3.3 2.6 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1.8 1.7 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 Sint Maarten 1.7 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 Suriname 14.3 5.5 2.0 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 Trinidad and Tobago 150.9 87.7 18.5 0.9 1.2 10.7 3.7 6.8 9.4 1.8 5.7 9.3 Turks and Caicos Islands 0.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Virgin Islands, British 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total (22) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. WESTERN ASIA Bahrain 10.9 4.8 0.6 0.0 0.3 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.5 a Egypt, Arab Rep. 1,371.1 1,090.5 457.0 35.4 65.9 142.3 52.7 99.5 64.4 27.8 32.4 72.2 Iraq 191,652.9 90,152.8 27,607.4 510.1 5,363.9 23,449.2 4,234.5 6,461.7 6,537.8 1,278.2 1,048.7 9,982.6 Jordan 20.5 16.3 4.6 0.5 0.7 3.3 0.7 1.1 1.7 0.6 0.3 2.0 Kuwait 44.3 12.3 1.9 0.0 1.0 2.9 1.5 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.4 1.2 Oman 26.9 9.7 1.9 0.0 0.5 1.8 0.4 0.6 1.5 0.5 0.3 1.1 Qatar 624.2 103.3 11.0 0.3 3.6 23.2 4.2 7.5 8.9 2.2 7.6 15.8 Saudi Arabia 2,510.6 922.3 146.2 3.2 44.3 191.4 60.7 76.3 62.5 38.5 28.1 158.4 b Sudan 186.6 130.9 67.7 0.9 5.8 19.2 8.5 1.7 10.7 2.1 3.0 4.3 United Arab Emirates 1,280.2 675.8 79.2 1.2 83.4 224.0 23.9 10.4 108.7 39.5 18.4 31.5 38 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Miscella- Individual Individual Collective consumption neous consumption consumption consumption Gross Changes in Balance expenditure Restaurants goods Net expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery inventories of exports by households and and purchases by by by capital and Construc- Other and and Domestic without hotels services abroad households government government formation equipment tion products valuables imports absorption housing (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) 99.3 42.4 3.5 748.8 75.0 81.3 240.7 109.1 122.9 8.6 72.5 139.1 1,218.4 719.6 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 −0.1 0.9 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.0 1.8 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 1.5 0.1 0.3 0.0 2.9 0.7 0.4 1.2 0.3 0.9 0.0 0.1 −0.7 5.4 2.1 0.3 0.9 0.0 5.6 0.5 0.7 2.1 1.0 1.1 0.0 0.1 −1.1 9.0 4.3 1.4 0.6 −1.8 7.1 0.7 0.9 1.4 0.7 0.7 0.0 −0.1 −1.3 10.0 3.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 2.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 −0.1 3.1 1.6 0.5 0.6 0.0 3.7 0.6 0.5 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.0 0.1 −0.4 6.0 2.6 0.0 … 0.0 0.2 … … … … … … … … … 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.0 1.9 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 −0.2 2.9 1.4 0.1 0.9 −0.3 3.8 0.4 0.4 2.2 1.2 0.6 0.4 0.1 −1.4 6.8 3.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.0 −0.1 −0.2 1.5 0.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.9 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 −0.5 2.6 1.7 141.8 136.2 −157.5 1,063.5 91.9 106.6 258.0 124.6 128.6 4.8 6.0 −284.2 1,526.0 969.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 −0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 1.3 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 −0.3 2.3 1.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 2.4 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.3 0.7 0.0 0.0 −0.7 3.9 2.1 0.1 0.1 −0.2 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 −0.5 2.3 1.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.6 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.0 5.3 0.1 1.6 5.3 4.3 0.8 0.1 1.0 0.9 13.4 5.0 8.1 11.9 0.0 69.1 18.6 2.5 22.6 11.2 11.0 0.5 0.0 38.0 112.9 62.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.2 0.3 0.1 4.2 0.5 1.0 1.7 0.5 1.2 0.0 0.1 3.4 7.5 3.4 34.3 77.2 −70.7 1,036.1 54.4 102.6 229.1 106.5 116.4 6.2 5.4 −56.5 1,427.6 940.1 862.2 2,816.5 0.0 76,260.3 13,892.5 28,862.4 37,255.3 14,402.2 22,694.1 159.0 −832.3 36,214.8 155,438.1 59,573.4 0.3 0.5 0.1 14.6 1.7 2.3 4.4 1.1 3.0 0.3 0.3 −2.8 23.3 12.5 0.4 0.8 0.0 10.3 2.0 4.6 7.0 2.8 3.5 0.7 0.3 20.1 24.2 7.8 0.3 0.7 0.1 8.1 1.6 3.0 7.1 2.8 3.5 0.7 −0.8 8.0 19.0 6.7 2.0 14.6 2.3 79.7 23.6 54.4 182.9 89.5 28.6 64.8 0.0 283.6 340.6 58.4 34.8 44.9 33.0 681.8 240.5 247.5 568.8 219.5 282.2 67.2 103.6 668.4 1,842.2 547.6 2.9 3.4 0.7 129.9 1.0 11.7 41.6 21.7 19.9 0.0 4.9 −2.5 189.1 117.2 25.0 30.5 0.0 661.8 14.0 79.6 281.7 111.9 140.6 29.1 12.2 230.9 1,049.3 469.1 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 39 Table 2.2 (Continued) Furnishings, Alcoholic Housing, household EXPENDITURES Actual beverages, water, equipment (national currency Gross individual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, and Recreation units, billions) domestic consump- nonalcoholic and and gas, and mainte- Communi- and Economy product tion beverages narcotics footwear other fuels nance Health Transport cation culture Education (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) (11) (12) West Bank and Gaza 35.0 37.8 12.0 1.5 2.2 4.1 2.0 2.8 3.6 1.1 0.9 3.2 Yemen, Rep. 6,714.9 4,904.7 2,216.2 236.3 214.9 700.1 146.2 471.0 281.1 52.7 18.8 344.4 Total (12) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. SINGLETONS Georgia 24.3 19.1 6.0 1.0 0.5 2.2 0.7 2.0 1.7 0.6 1.3 1.3 Iran, Islamic Rep. 6,121,004.0 2,717,581.9 659,037.8 12,538.2 116,321.1 782,477.8 100,873.7 221,043.0 199,053.5 84,484.1 65,577.4 86,156.1 Total (2) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. g WORLD (179) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Source: ICP, http://icp.worldbank.org/. Note: n.a. = not applicable; ... = data suppressed because of incompleteness. a. The Arab Republic of Egypt participated in both the Africa and Western Asia regions. The regional results for Egypt were averaged by taking the geometric mean of the regional PPPs, allowing Egypt to have the same global results in each region. b. Sudan participated in both the Africa and Western Asia regions. The regional results for Sudan were averaged by taking the geometric mean of the regional PPPs, allowing Sudan to have the same global results in each region. c. The results presented in the tables are based on data supplied by all the participating economies and compiled in accordance with ICP principles and the procedures recommended by the 2011 ICP Technical Advisory Group. The results for China are estimated by the 2011 ICP Asia and the Pacific Regional Office and the Global Office. The National Bureau of Statistics of China does not recognize these results as official statistics. d. The Russian Federation participated in both the CIS and Eurostat-OECD comparisons. The PPPs for Russia are based on the Eurostat-OECD comparison. They were the basis for linking the CIS comparison to the ICP. e. The official GDP of Cuba for reference year 2011 is 68,990.15 million in national currency. However, this number and its breakdown into main aggregates are not shown in the tables because of methodological comparability issues. Therefore, Cuba’s results are provided only for the PPP and price level index. In addition, Cuba’s figures are not included in the Latin America and world totals. f. Bonaire’s results are provided only for the individual consumption expenditure by households. Therefore, to ensure consistency across the tables, Bonaire is not included in the Caribbean or the world total. g. This table does not include the Pacific Islands and does not double count the dual participation economies: the Arab Republic of Egypt, Sudan, and the Russian Federation. 40 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Miscella- Individual Individual Collective consumption neous consumption consumption consumption Gross Changes in Balance expenditure Restaurants goods Net expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery inventories of exports by households and and purchases by by by capital and Construc- Other and and Domestic without hotels services abroad households government government formation equipment tion products valuables imports absorption housing (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) 0.9 3.1 0.5 33.7 4.1 6.3 7.2 1.3 5.2 0.8 −1.2 −15.3 50.2 32.3 1.6 221.4 0.0 4,573.2 331.6 614.0 886.4 83.5 686.9 116.1 379.0 −69.2 6,784.1 4,203.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.6 1.1 0.0 18.0 1.1 3.4 5.5 2.0 2.6 0.8 0.9 −4.5 28.9 17.0 31,387.9 289,176.1 69,455.2 2,557,440.1 160,141.8 513,541.4 1,570,527.5 710,604.0 812,701.0 47,222.5 666,188.3 653,165.0 5,467,839.0 1,924,614.9 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Presentation and Analysis of Results 41 Table 2.3 Shares of Nominal Expenditures (GDP = 100), ICP 2011 NOMINAL Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, EXPENDITURE SHARES beverages, water, household (GDP = 100)a Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment Recreation domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication culture Education (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) (11) (12) AFRICA Algeria 100.0 45.0 13.5 0.8 1.3 2.2 1.1 3.2 5.4 2.5 1.1 4.3 Angola 100.0 60.7 24.9 2.6 3.1 6.4 3.4 3.2 3.3 0.6 1.3 3.0 Benin 100.0 80.8 39.0 2.3 3.4 8.2 2.2 2.8 5.9 2.4 1.2 4.1 Botswana 100.0 54.6 9.7 4.1 3.4 6.1 3.2 2.8 8.8 1.3 1.5 6.9 Burkina Faso 100.0 67.7 34.6 4.3 1.4 7.5 2.9 2.5 4.4 2.2 1.6 2.0 Burundi 100.0 93.2 40.7 12.8 0.9 14.4 0.8 2.6 6.1 1.1 1.0 5.2 Cameroon 100.0 78.3 36.0 2.1 6.5 7.2 7.2 1.2 6.4 1.2 1.2 1.8 Cape Verde 100.0 70.7 24.5 3.3 1.9 14.0 5.0 3.9 4.9 2.4 0.7 5.8 Central African Republic 100.0 92.4 53.0 8.4 6.6 4.5 4.8 1.4 3.3 0.8 1.6 2.7 Chad 100.0 68.7 33.0 3.2 1.5 6.5 4.6 4.8 6.4 2.6 1.6 1.0 Comoros 100.0 98.7 50.7 0.3 3.0 30.7 3.8 0.8 2.0 0.6 1.0 2.4 Congo, Rep. 100.0 24.8 9.1 1.0 0.7 3.3 0.9 1.9 2.0 1.3 0.7 1.9 Congo, Dem. Rep. 100.0 64.4 35.3 1.9 3.0 7.7 2.2 2.9 1.7 0.7 0.8 2.7 Côte d’Ivoire 100.0 71.4 30.4 2.3 2.5 7.0 5.9 3.0 7.8 2.1 2.5 3.1 Djibouti 100.0 71.5 21.5 5.6 2.1 22.3 4.0 2.3 4.4 0.2 0.8 4.6 b Egypt, Arab Rep. 100.0 79.5 33.3 2.6 4.8 10.4 3.8 7.3 4.7 2.0 2.4 5.3 Equatorial Guinea 100.0 12.9 4.9 0.3 0.4 1.8 0.5 1.2 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.6 Ethiopia 100.0 80.9 30.0 2.0 4.2 13.2 7.7 6.6 1.3 0.3 0.4 2.8 Gabon 100.0 38.1 11.5 2.2 1.9 5.5 1.7 2.6 3.2 1.7 0.9 2.0 Gambia, The 100.0 79.6 33.9 2.2 5.8 5.5 2.0 12.0 2.1 2.1 2.5 6.9 Ghana 100.0 66.9 24.9 0.9 9.5 6.7 4.6 2.3 4.4 1.0 0.7 9.2 Guinea 100.0 56.4 32.6 0.8 3.9 4.5 2.2 4.1 3.1 0.1 0.5 1.8 Guinea-Bissau 100.0 68.5 34.9 1.2 5.5 9.4 4.9 1.7 4.9 0.4 3.0 1.3 Kenya 100.0 87.6 30.0 4.3 2.2 6.8 4.0 6.4 8.9 2.7 3.0 12.6 Lesotho 100.0 110.3 28.2 2.9 13.7 11.5 9.6 4.8 3.7 3.1 3.8 10.4 Liberia 100.0 113.2 30.4 3.8 14.5 25.4 6.1 2.1 2.8 4.2 2.0 13.2 Madagascar 100.0 90.8 39.7 2.8 5.9 5.6 12.1 1.6 11.7 0.8 3.8 3.2 Malawi 100.0 98.7 48.2 4.8 2.6 10.8 10.0 3.9 7.7 1.7 2.3 5.0 Mali 100.0 66.7 31.0 0.9 3.8 6.5 4.0 2.6 8.8 1.5 2.7 2.9 Mauritania 100.0 58.5 35.3 0.6 2.0 5.6 1.6 2.3 2.5 2.3 0.6 4.4 Mauritius 100.0 79.0 22.9 6.6 4.6 12.2 6.3 3.9 10.6 2.4 5.1 6.3 Morocco 100.0 66.9 22.8 2.1 2.7 9.3 3.1 4.1 6.0 4.1 2.9 7.6 Mozambique 100.0 85.9 44.3 3.7 4.2 6.2 2.4 2.5 7.2 1.1 2.3 5.9 Namibia 100.0 71.5 14.3 2.9 3.4 13.7 5.1 7.9 2.9 0.6 2.8 10.0 Niger 100.0 80.2 33.5 1.8 6.2 8.1 3.9 3.3 6.1 1.9 4.4 2.6 Nigeria 100.0 64.4 24.3 0.9 9.3 6.6 4.5 2.0 4.3 1.0 0.7 8.2 Rwanda 100.0 86.9 41.6 2.9 2.9 14.3 2.8 2.3 5.6 1.1 1.4 4.5 São Tomé and Príncipe 100.0 116.9 63.8 5.3 4.6 11.0 4.0 4.6 11.4 1.5 1.7 4.5 42 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Miscel- Individual Individual Collective Individual laneous consumption consumption consumption Gross Changes in Balance consumption Restaurants goods Net expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery inventories of exports expenditure by and and purchases by by by capital and Other and and Domestic households hotels services abroad households government government formation equipment Construction products valuables imports absorption without housing (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) 1.1 8.4 0.0 31.4 13.6 9.2 31.9 13.5 16.6 1.8 3.4 10.5 89.5 30.6 1.8 7.2 0.0 50.8 9.9 26.2 17.1 5.3 11.0 0.8 0.3 −4.3 104.3 49.3 7.5 2.5 −0.8 76.5 4.3 7.3 20.7 7.1 13.4 0.2 0.9 −9.7 109.7 71.3 2.2 4.6 0.0 47.4 7.2 11.7 32.8 13.5 18.9 0.4 6.7 −5.9 105.9 44.3 2.3 1.9 0.0 65.1 2.6 15.2 16.5 6.8 8.4 1.3 7.7 −7.1 107.1 61.3 3.9 2.2 1.6 86.3 6.9 12.8 18.9 8.3 9.6 1.0 0.7 −25.7 125.7 73.3 5.2 1.8 0.6 75.9 2.5 9.1 20.6 9.6 10.5 0.5 0.0 −8.1 108.1 71.4 8.7 4.4 −8.8 62.4 8.3 10.1 46.8 16.9 28.1 1.9 0.9 −28.6 128.6 54.5 1.8 3.5 0.0 89.9 2.5 4.5 15.3 4.4 8.3 2.6 0.0 −12.3 112.3 89.1 0.5 1.5 1.5 66.6 2.1 4.4 28.6 11.5 13.8 3.3 1.2 −2.8 102.8 61.7 0.0 3.1 0.3 98.1 0.6 23.0 13.4 6.0 6.7 0.7 3.8 −38.9 138.9 73.8 1.9 0.7 −0.5 22.2 2.5 4.8 34.5 5.6 28.5 0.3 0.0 36.0 64.0 20.7 3.9 1.5 0.0 61.9 2.4 11.6 23.6 8.7 14.1 0.9 0.1 0.4 99.6 58.0 1.0 3.2 0.8 67.6 3.8 7.9 11.2 4.0 6.7 0.5 −6.6 16.1 83.9 63.0 0.7 1.7 1.1 66.3 5.1 19.8 26.4 8.7 17.5 0.1 4.4 −22.0 122.0 53.8 2.5 5.6 −5.2 75.6 4.0 7.5 16.7 7.8 8.5 0.5 0.4 −4.1 104.1 68.6 0.4 0.7 0.3 12.0 0.9 1.8 33.0 16.9 10.8 5.3 0.0 52.3 47.7 11.0 3.8 8.5 0.0 78.6 2.3 6.3 25.9 9.6 11.7 4.5 2.1 −15.1 115.1 71.9 1.8 1.2 2.0 35.0 3.2 9.5 19.0 5.6 5.6 7.8 0.0 33.4 66.6 31.4 0.9 3.6 0.0 76.0 3.6 7.0 26.9 17.1 8.4 1.3 0.0 −13.5 113.5 73.9 0.0 2.5 0.0 61.4 5.5 11.2 25.6 14.5 9.5 1.6 1.9 −5.6 105.6 60.4 0.8 1.4 0.6 55.6 0.8 4.6 23.8 15.2 7.9 0.8 1.9 13.3 86.7 52.6 0.3 1.1 0.0 66.9 1.5 17.6 12.8 5.7 6.7 0.5 1.1 0.0 100.0 64.5 5.4 6.1 −4.7 75.6 12.0 8.4 20.0 11.0 9.0 0.1 0.5 −16.5 116.5 72.0 1.5 6.6 10.5 97.0 13.3 21.0 26.5 6.9 18.4 1.2 1.2 −59.1 159.1 89.0 0.8 7.9 0.0 112.6 0.6 12.3 12.8 11.3 1.5 0.0 6.5 −44.7 144.7 96.4 3.0 1.4 −0.8 87.9 2.9 7.2 17.4 7.7 8.8 0.8 0.0 −15.4 115.4 87.0 2.5 2.3 −2.9 93.1 5.6 6.9 16.6 12.3 3.3 1.0 −3.3 −18.9 118.9 86.3 1.2 1.7 −1.0 63.3 3.4 12.0 22.2 9.5 11.6 1.0 0.9 −1.8 101.8 58.9 0.4 1.1 0.0 51.8 6.7 15.2 57.4 28.3 24.1 5.1 −23.9 −7.2 107.2 48.4 2.7 5.0 −9.6 73.4 5.6 7.9 24.0 7.2 15.7 1.1 1.9 −12.9 112.9 68.1 3.9 4.4 −6.1 58.9 7.9 10.3 30.7 13.2 15.9 1.7 5.3 −13.1 113.1 53.3 0.8 4.3 1.0 79.7 6.2 7.2 17.8 6.0 11.7 0.0 2.1 −13.0 113.0 75.8 4.3 6.2 −2.7 61.7 9.8 15.5 21.3 7.8 12.8 0.7 −1.2 −7.1 107.1 52.8 4.0 4.7 −0.1 77.4 2.8 10.0 37.0 16.3 19.9 0.9 0.1 −27.3 127.3 73.5 0.0 2.4 0.0 60.1 4.3 8.8 10.3 5.8 3.8 0.6 0.0 16.5 83.5 59.1 2.7 3.1 1.6 83.4 3.5 9.1 21.4 4.7 15.8 1.0 0.0 −17.4 117.4 74.1 1.5 2.2 0.8 112.4 4.5 7.7 19.7 14.8 3.5 1.4 0.2 −44.5 144.5 106.3 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 43 Table 2.3 (Continued) NOMINAL Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, EXPENDITURE SHARES beverages, water, household (GDP = 100)a Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment Recreation domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication culture Education (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) (11) (12) Senegal 100.0 82.8 40.6 1.1 2.9 15.9 4.7 2.4 4.1 4.1 1.1 4.4 Seychelles 100.0 60.7 24.1 1.7 2.6 10.8 2.6 4.0 3.7 1.1 1.5 6.4 Sierra Leone 100.0 89.8 35.5 2.8 7.2 6.7 2.5 14.3 2.8 2.5 3.1 6.8 South Africa 100.0 68.3 12.1 3.0 2.9 9.3 4.2 7.6 8.8 1.8 2.8 7.3 Sudanc 100.0 70.2 36.3 0.5 3.1 10.3 4.5 0.9 5.7 1.1 1.6 2.3 Swaziland 100.0 90.1 41.1 0.8 5.0 12.1 9.6 5.7 7.0 1.2 3.8 7.6 Tanzania 100.0 68.3 45.1 0.5 4.6 4.9 3.0 2.4 2.6 0.0 0.7 3.3 Togo 100.0 88.5 38.4 2.1 4.4 6.9 4.0 5.8 4.9 2.1 1.1 5.9 Tunisia 100.0 74.4 16.4 2.4 5.1 10.5 4.5 5.3 10.6 2.6 2.4 5.9 Uganda 100.0 90.7 30.2 5.3 2.6 16.3 5.1 2.5 5.4 1.7 5.5 9.7 Zambia 100.0 55.3 32.3 0.4 3.5 6.6 0.8 2.8 0.8 1.4 0.4 3.4 Zimbabwe 100.0 95.3 53.3 3.1 5.2 6.1 2.8 2.6 7.2 0.1 2.0 6.8 Total (50) 100.0 66.9 23.3 2.1 4.1 7.9 3.8 4.5 5.9 1.7 1.9 5.8 ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Bangladesh 100.0 75.2 38.3 1.6 4.5 12.9 2.4 2.7 3.1 0.4 0.5 4.1 Bhutan 100.0 51.6 15.1 1.3 3.8 9.1 0.9 5.8 4.9 1.3 3.2 4.6 Brunei Darussalam 100.0 23.9 4.3 0.1 1.0 2.9 1.0 1.3 3.6 1.3 1.8 3.9 Cambodia 100.0 84.3 38.6 3.2 1.6 12.5 1.5 5.9 6.3 0.2 2.3 5.7 d China 100.0 42.9 8.1 0.9 3.0 5.9 2.1 6.4 2.5 1.5 2.3 4.3 Fiji 100.0 76.7 22.6 2.6 1.9 18.9 6.7 3.9 5.9 0.3 3.7 4.5 Hong Kong SAR, China 100.0 66.6 7.2 0.7 2.9 12.6 3.7 5.6 4.7 1.4 7.5 2.3 India 100.0 59.2 16.7 1.8 4.2 7.6 2.2 2.8 8.9 0.6 0.9 2.7 Indonesia 100.0 58.2 22.0 1.0 2.2 11.9 1.6 2.0 4.0 1.1 1.1 4.3 Lao PDR 100.0 58.6 29.9 3.0 0.9 7.5 1.5 1.3 6.2 0.7 1.6 2.4 Macao SAR, China 100.0 23.4 2.2 0.2 1.4 3.6 0.5 1.7 2.0 0.7 2.4 1.7 Malaysia 100.0 53.7 9.1 0.8 1.0 7.9 2.4 3.2 7.1 3.2 2.1 5.6 Maldives 100.0 37.9 7.3 1.7 0.8 14.7 1.5 2.2 1.5 0.8 0.7 5.0 Mongolia 100.0 60.7 17.3 4.3 3.0 8.7 0.9 2.8 9.5 1.8 1.7 6.1 Myanmar 100.0 69.8 36.5 1.4 2.2 9.2 0.9 4.3 2.3 1.1 0.8 5.8 Nepal 100.0 80.3 45.0 2.6 2.1 10.4 1.5 3.4 2.5 1.1 2.0 4.6 Pakistan 100.0 84.9 37.5 0.8 3.9 16.5 2.8 5.3 5.4 1.4 0.9 4.0 Philippines 100.0 76.9 31.5 0.9 1.0 9.1 3.0 2.4 7.9 2.3 1.3 5.5 Singapore 100.0 42.9 2.7 0.8 1.1 7.8 2.2 3.6 5.4 0.8 4.6 4.0 Sri Lanka 100.0 76.8 32.5 5.7 2.3 10.4 1.9 4.0 6.0 1.5 1.1 4.2 Taiwan, China 100.0 64.5 7.6 1.3 2.7 10.7 2.9 6.1 6.7 2.3 6.1 5.6 Thailand 100.0 62.0 15.9 2.2 2.1 5.6 2.5 4.7 8.7 1.3 2.9 5.4 Vietnam 100.0 63.4 16.4 1.8 2.6 14.5 3.7 4.6 6.3 0.5 2.5 5.5 Total (23) 100.0 50.6 12.0 1.1 2.9 7.4 2.2 5.2 4.3 1.3 2.3 4.2 44 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Miscel- Individual Individual Collective Individual laneous consumption consumption consumption Gross Changes in Balance consumption Restaurants goods Net expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery inventories of exports expenditure by and and purchases by by by capital and Other and and Domestic households hotels services abroad households government government formation equipment Construction products valuables imports absorption without housing (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) 0.7 3.2 −2.2 78.5 4.3 9.9 23.8 9.1 14.5 0.2 1.4 −17.9 117.9 70.1 0.4 1.9 0.0 52.8 7.9 20.3 33.9 14.0 18.5 1.4 5.8 −20.8 120.8 46.0 1.1 4.3 0.0 87.5 2.2 7.9 41.7 29.6 11.6 0.5 0.4 −39.7 139.7 85.0 1.4 7.8 −0.7 59.4 8.9 12.8 19.0 9.0 9.1 0.9 0.5 −0.6 100.6 53.0 1.6 1.8 0.4 69.6 0.5 6.3 22.3 11.7 10.6 0.0 2.6 −1.4 101.4 62.8 0.6 1.4 −5.8 84.5 5.6 9.3 9.3 3.6 4.3 1.4 0.0 −8.7 108.7 75.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 66.1 2.2 14.2 36.1 15.5 19.7 0.8 0.6 −19.2 119.2 65.9 7.2 9.4 −3.7 84.8 3.7 8.1 17.7 5.4 11.5 0.8 1.8 −16.1 116.1 81.5 7.1 4.7 −3.1 65.6 8.8 9.6 21.7 7.1 13.8 0.8 1.7 −7.4 107.4 57.5 2.6 3.8 0.0 82.2 8.5 1.6 24.7 7.1 16.4 1.1 0.3 −17.3 117.3 75.0 0.1 2.7 0.0 51.9 3.4 15.6 21.7 6.6 14.1 1.0 1.4 6.0 94.0 48.7 0.6 4.7 0.8 87.4 7.9 8.8 11.1 3.8 7.3 0.0 4.6 −19.9 119.9 84.0 1.8 5.2 −1.3 60.1 6.8 10.7 20.9 9.2 10.6 1.1 1.1 0.5 99.5 55.8 1.7 2.9 0.0 73.7 1.5 3.7 28.3 6.7 21.2 0.4 0.5 −7.8 107.8 67.0 0.6 1.1 0.0 43.7 7.9 11.9 66.5 27.5 39.0 0.0 −0.4 −29.7 129.7 37.5 1.2 1.3 0.0 19.5 4.4 12.6 13.1 3.9 8.3 0.9 −0.7 51.1 48.9 17.3 4.0 2.3 0.0 79.6 4.7 3.7 11.6 5.7 5.8 0.1 0.5 −0.1 100.1 71.1 2.2 3.7 0.0 34.4 8.6 6.3 45.6 13.1 28.8 3.7 2.7 2.6 97.4 31.0 2.0 3.6 0.0 71.2 5.5 6.0 19.4 9.3 7.3 2.8 3.0 −5.1 105.1 56.2 6.7 11.3 0.0 63.3 3.4 5.3 23.5 10.4 11.1 2.1 0.6 3.9 96.1 52.6 1.5 9.5 0.0 55.9 3.3 8.3 30.9 11.8 18.0 1.2 7.3 −5.7 105.7 50.7 4.2 2.9 0.0 54.6 3.6 5.4 32.0 5.3 25.9 0.8 3.0 1.4 98.6 47.5 1.7 1.8 0.0 56.8 1.9 7.8 35.7 10.7 17.5 7.6 1.5 −3.6 103.6 53.6 4.4 2.6 0.0 20.5 2.9 4.2 12.4 2.9 9.4 0.1 1.4 58.6 41.4 17.7 4.4 6.9 0.0 47.3 6.4 6.6 22.3 8.1 11.1 3.1 1.0 16.4 83.6 42.9 0.7 1.0 0.0 32.2 5.6 17.9 50.4 19.4 30.9 0.0 0.0 −6.1 106.1 20.4 1.0 3.3 0.0 54.9 5.8 7.1 47.1 28.0 17.4 1.7 12.0 −27.0 127.0 47.4 3.1 2.1 0.0 63.7 6.0 4.2 26.7 13.0 11.6 2.1 0.0 −0.7 100.7 58.7 1.7 3.4 0.0 76.9 3.4 6.7 20.7 4.5 11.5 4.7 16.0 −23.6 123.6 68.5 0.9 5.4 0.0 81.9 3.0 7.1 12.9 4.2 6.2 2.6 1.6 −6.5 106.5 75.2 2.7 9.1 0.0 73.5 3.5 6.2 18.7 7.2 9.3 2.2 1.7 −3.6 103.6 67.2 4.4 5.5 0.0 39.0 3.9 6.5 23.8 8.9 14.0 0.9 −1.2 28.1 71.9 32.3 2.9 4.4 0.0 69.8 7.0 7.8 27.1 8.3 17.1 1.7 2.8 −14.6 114.6 63.3 3.5 9.0 0.0 60.1 4.4 8.0 20.9 9.7 9.5 1.7 −0.1 6.7 93.3 51.2 4.8 5.8 0.0 54.6 7.3 9.0 26.7 17.9 8.4 0.4 0.6 1.7 98.3 50.8 2.8 2.3 0.0 58.9 4.5 5.9 29.8 7.7 20.3 1.7 5.1 −4.1 104.1 49.9 2.5 5.1 0.0 44.0 6.6 6.6 37.8 11.7 23.4 2.8 3.0 1.9 98.1 39.4 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 45 Table 2.3 (Continued) NOMINAL Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, EXPENDITURE SHARES beverages, water, household (GDP = 100)a Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment Recreation domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication culture Education (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) (11) (12) COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES Armenia 100.0 88.8 48.5 4.0 3.1 7.2 1.2 5.4 4.6 4.7 2.0 4.0 Azerbaijan 100.0 41.0 15.1 1.0 3.8 3.3 2.1 1.8 4.3 2.3 1.4 3.0 Belarus 100.0 56.7 17.9 3.4 3.6 4.4 2.6 5.1 4.7 2.4 3.0 4.8 Kazakhstan 100.0 48.3 9.9 1.1 2.8 10.5 1.9 3.8 5.2 1.9 2.4 4.1 Kyrgyz Republic 100.0 93.6 35.4 4.3 6.7 6.9 3.3 4.8 9.8 6.0 3.9 7.5 Moldova 100.0 112.4 31.6 6.5 6.5 14.5 8.0 4.0 11.3 4.1 3.6 9.4 Russian Federatione 100.0 57.7 14.6 4.0 4.4 5.6 2.4 4.6 6.0 2.2 3.1 3.2 Tajikistan 100.0 115.1 50.9 0.4 9.9 7.0 3.9 5.3 8.9 7.0 2.4 4.8 Ukraine 100.0 79.2 25.9 4.6 4.2 8.5 2.9 6.9 8.2 1.6 3.2 7.0 Total (9) 100.0 58.5 15.4 3.7 4.2 6.1 2.4 4.6 6.0 2.2 3.0 3.6 EUROSTAT−OECD Albania 100.0 85.3 32.3 2.3 3.3 10.4 5.7 4.9 4.3 1.7 2.0 2.8 Australia 100.0 64.2 5.6 2.0 1.8 12.6 2.5 8.1 5.6 1.3 6.4 5.3 Austria 100.0 65.9 5.5 1.9 3.3 11.8 3.6 6.9 7.4 1.1 6.4 5.3 Belgium 100.0 68.3 6.8 1.8 2.5 12.1 2.9 9.9 6.3 1.1 5.1 6.3 Bosnia and Herzegovina 100.0 93.4 27.0 6.0 3.7 11.8 4.9 8.0 7.9 2.6 4.6 5.3 Bulgaria 100.0 70.3 13.2 4.6 1.9 11.2 4.9 6.8 10.9 3.8 5.7 3.5 Canada 100.0 68.4 5.1 1.9 2.3 13.2 3.0 8.7 8.1 1.3 5.5 5.4 Chile 100.0 68.8 9.9 1.9 3.4 10.0 4.4 6.6 7.8 2.4 4.7 5.8 Croatia 100.0 70.7 13.4 4.5 3.0 12.5 3.7 8.4 6.8 2.3 7.2 5.6 Cyprus 100.0 76.5 9.3 3.2 4.3 13.4 3.6 6.6 8.2 2.4 6.2 7.5 Czech Republic 100.0 61.4 7.7 4.8 1.6 14.0 2.8 7.3 4.9 1.6 5.6 4.3 Denmark 100.0 69.0 5.4 1.7 2.2 13.9 2.4 9.0 5.9 0.8 6.0 6.3 Estonia 100.0 61.3 10.1 4.6 3.3 11.0 1.9 5.5 6.5 1.9 4.7 4.8 Finland 100.0 72.2 6.6 2.6 2.6 14.3 2.8 8.7 6.1 1.1 6.9 5.9 France 100.0 73.7 7.5 1.8 2.4 14.8 3.3 9.2 8.0 1.5 5.9 5.4 Germany 100.0 69.7 6.2 1.8 2.6 13.2 3.4 8.8 7.6 1.4 5.5 4.1 Greece 100.0 81.7 12.5 3.3 2.9 18.3 3.1 8.1 9.1 2.2 4.4 5.4 Hungary 100.0 64.1 9.3 4.1 1.6 11.9 2.4 7.3 7.1 2.0 4.9 4.4 Iceland 100.0 68.6 7.3 2.1 2.1 11.3 3.5 8.6 7.4 1.1 6.8 7.0 Ireland 100.0 61.0 4.6 2.5 1.9 11.4 2.0 9.0 6.0 1.4 3.6 4.8 Israel 100.0 69.5 9.1 1.4 1.7 13.9 3.5 6.0 8.9 2.2 4.4 7.2 Italy 100.0 73.2 8.8 1.7 4.6 13.7 4.4 8.8 7.8 1.5 5.0 4.3 Japan 100.0 72.4 8.2 1.6 1.9 15.1 3.0 7.7 6.4 2.0 5.4 3.7 Korea, Rep. 100.0 59.9 6.7 1.2 2.6 8.4 1.7 6.6 6.1 2.2 4.2 6.6 Latvia 100.0 70.1 12.0 4.6 3.0 14.4 2.4 5.0 8.9 1.9 5.6 4.7 Lithuania 100.0 73.7 15.3 4.8 3.8 10.3 3.8 7.3 9.5 1.5 4.7 4.9 Luxembourg 100.0 42.0 3.2 3.3 1.8 9.4 2.4 4.5 7.3 0.6 3.3 4.4 46 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Miscel- Individual Individual Collective Individual laneous consumption consumption consumption Gross Changes in Balance consumption Restaurants goods Net expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery inventories of exports expenditure by and and purchases by by by capital and Other and and Domestic households hotels services abroad households government government formation equipment Construction products valuables imports absorption without housing (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) 1.1 2.8 0.3 83.7 5.2 7.8 26.0 4.3 21.0 0.7 1.0 −23.6 123.6 80.8 1.3 1.7 0.0 37.3 3.8 6.4 20.2 10.5 8.8 0.9 0.1 32.3 67.7 36.2 1.6 2.3 0.7 47.7 9.1 4.9 37.8 16.5 21.0 0.3 1.7 −1.1 101.1 46.1 1.7 3.2 0.0 42.8 5.6 5.1 20.9 6.0 13.6 1.3 4.3 21.4 78.6 35.5 3.6 3.9 −2.7 83.4 10.2 8.0 23.7 10.6 12.4 0.7 1.8 −27.1 127.1 81.8 1.7 9.7 1.6 96.5 15.8 4.3 23.3 7.4 14.1 1.9 0.9 −40.9 140.9 91.4 1.6 4.9 1.1 49.1 8.6 9.4 20.8 7.5 11.6 1.7 3.6 8.6 91.4 46.6 1.3 5.7 7.5 106.9 8.2 5.2 32.4 14.3 14.7 3.4 3.7 −56.4 156.4 105.2 1.7 4.3 −0.1 67.2 11.9 6.3 18.6 7.1 11.0 0.4 2.2 −6.2 106.2 63.1 1.6 4.6 0.9 50.0 8.5 8.6 21.1 7.6 11.9 1.5 3.4 8.4 91.6 47.1 2.2 4.8 8.8 80.3 5.0 5.5 33.1 7.0 25.4 0.7 −0.8 −23.1 123.1 73.9 3.7 9.4 −0.2 53.6 10.6 7.0 26.9 6.5 15.5 4.9 0.5 1.3 98.7 43.8 6.6 8.2 −2.1 54.8 11.2 7.8 21.2 8.1 11.0 2.1 2.1 3.0 97.0 47.4 3.1 9.7 0.8 52.7 15.6 8.8 20.7 7.7 11.1 1.9 1.3 0.8 99.2 44.6 5.9 8.4 −2.5 82.9 10.6 11.8 17.9 7.6 9.7 0.6 0.2 −23.3 123.3 77.4 4.3 4.3 −4.9 62.4 7.9 7.8 21.5 9.3 11.5 0.8 0.4 0.0 100.0 55.7 3.7 9.4 0.9 55.7 12.7 9.0 23.4 4.7 15.6 3.2 0.4 −1.2 101.2 44.9 2.9 9.2 −0.2 61.2 7.6 4.4 22.4 8.8 11.9 1.7 1.1 3.3 96.7 55.4 10.6 6.1 −13.5 59.9 10.8 9.0 19.2 6.2 11.5 1.5 1.2 −0.1 100.1 53.0 11.0 6.5 −6.0 67.7 8.8 11.3 16.6 4.8 11.1 0.8 −0.1 −4.4 104.4 59.0 4.0 5.2 −2.4 50.6 10.8 9.9 24.1 10.7 12.1 1.3 0.4 4.1 95.9 42.2 2.5 12.7 0.1 48.7 20.3 8.0 17.4 6.1 8.8 2.5 0.4 5.2 94.8 39.1 3.9 5.6 −2.6 50.6 10.7 8.5 23.6 10.9 11.9 0.8 2.9 3.7 96.3 43.2 3.4 11.3 −0.2 55.7 16.4 8.0 19.4 4.7 13.1 1.7 1.1 −0.7 100.7 45.8 4.0 10.3 −0.4 57.7 16.0 8.5 20.0 5.4 12.4 2.1 0.8 −3.0 103.0 47.5 3.2 10.6 1.4 57.4 12.2 6.9 18.1 6.9 10.1 1.1 0.1 5.2 94.8 48.4 9.0 7.4 −4.0 74.6 7.1 10.3 15.1 6.1 8.0 1.1 1.0 −8.1 108.1 62.3 3.6 8.2 −2.7 53.3 10.8 10.2 17.9 7.5 9.3 1.1 1.3 6.5 93.5 46.6 4.3 7.2 −0.1 51.9 16.7 8.7 14.1 5.4 7.7 1.1 0.3 8.4 91.6 42.9 5.8 6.9 1.1 48.1 12.9 5.5 10.6 4.0 5.7 0.9 1.3 21.6 78.4 39.9 3.8 8.1 −0.8 57.3 12.2 10.8 20.4 6.5 9.9 4.0 −0.2 −0.5 100.5 46.4 6.2 7.4 −0.9 61.2 11.9 8.5 19.1 7.6 9.1 2.3 0.7 −1.4 101.4 51.8 3.9 13.1 0.5 60.5 11.9 8.5 20.6 8.0 9.7 2.9 −0.6 −0.9 100.9 48.0 4.2 8.7 0.8 53.1 6.8 8.5 27.5 9.7 15.6 2.2 2.0 2.0 98.0 47.2 2.9 4.6 0.0 62.2 7.9 9.8 21.3 8.8 11.8 0.6 3.6 −4.8 104.8 53.8 1.8 6.4 −0.6 62.8 10.8 7.8 18.0 5.9 10.6 1.5 3.2 −2.7 102.7 58.7 2.5 7.3 −7.9 31.8 10.3 6.5 18.5 6.9 10.5 1.1 2.6 30.4 69.6 24.7 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 47 Table 2.3 (Continued) NOMINAL Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, EXPENDITURE SHARES beverages, water, household (GDP = 100)a Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment Recreation domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication culture Education (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) (11) (12) Macedonia, FYR 100.0 82.8 25.4 2.5 3.7 14.5 3.1 5.2 7.4 4.4 2.6 4.4 Malta 100.0 71.6 10.7 2.1 2.9 8.5 4.8 8.5 8.9 2.6 7.6 5.1 Mexico 100.0 72.5 15.5 1.7 2.0 13.7 3.8 4.6 12.4 2.5 3.1 3.8 Montenegro 100.0 91.9 30.7 4.4 3.0 12.8 9.3 6.3 11.2 5.1 3.7 4.0 Netherlands 100.0 62.4 5.3 1.4 2.4 11.0 2.6 7.8 5.7 1.9 5.1 5.1 New Zealand 100.0 71.7 8.6 3.1 2.7 13.9 2.9 8.8 7.1 1.9 6.6 5.8 Norway 100.0 55.3 5.0 1.6 2.0 8.2 2.2 7.4 5.7 1.0 5.5 4.2 Poland 100.0 71.5 11.4 3.9 2.7 14.8 2.7 6.9 6.1 1.8 5.4 5.3 Portugal 100.0 76.9 11.3 2.3 3.7 10.9 3.7 9.4 8.9 2.0 5.6 5.9 Romania 100.0 72.2 17.0 3.1 2.4 13.7 3.1 8.0 6.8 3.1 4.4 3.5 e Russian Federation 100.0 57.7 14.6 4.0 4.4 5.6 2.4 4.5 6.0 2.2 3.1 3.2 Serbia 100.0 89.7 21.2 4.3 2.9 17.7 3.0 9.4 10.4 3.5 4.6 4.7 Slovak Republic 100.0 66.3 10.2 2.7 2.4 14.8 3.4 6.2 4.5 2.1 6.1 4.1 Slovenia 100.0 69.8 9.0 3.3 3.3 11.9 3.7 8.0 9.2 2.0 6.1 6.1 Spain 100.0 70.9 8.5 1.8 3.2 12.7 2.9 8.2 7.0 1.7 5.9 5.2 Sweden 100.0 67.2 5.7 1.7 2.3 12.7 2.4 8.1 6.2 1.6 6.1 6.6 Switzerland 100.0 63.5 5.0 2.0 1.9 13.6 2.3 8.5 5.1 1.4 5.1 5.0 Turkey 100.0 78.8 17.2 2.5 4.0 14.4 5.9 6.0 12.3 2.1 3.3 3.9 United Kingdom 100.0 78.4 5.6 2.2 3.6 15.6 3.1 8.7 8.3 1.3 8.7 6.2 United States 100.0 75.1 4.5 1.3 2.4 12.6 2.8 14.8 6.9 1.6 6.4 6.0 Total (47) 100.0 71.5 7.0 1.8 2.6 13.0 3.0 10.1 7.2 1.7 5.7 5.1 LATIN AMERICA Bolivia 100.0 62.6 21.1 1.0 1.3 6.7 4.5 5.4 10.7 0.7 0.6 3.8 Brazil 100.0 68.4 9.9 1.2 2.9 9.2 4.6 7.6 9.3 2.2 3.2 5.9 Colombia 100.0 68.0 11.3 1.9 4.0 9.8 2.6 5.1 7.5 2.7 3.2 5.9 Costa Rica 100.0 77.5 15.5 0.7 3.4 4.9 4.5 9.5 13.8 1.8 7.5 7.9 f Cuba … … … … … … … … … … … … Dominican Republic 100.0 88.9 21.6 5.3 2.9 13.2 3.2 5.5 11.5 3.8 1.9 3.9 Ecuador 100.0 67.1 13.6 1.7 2.7 9.1 4.7 5.5 7.5 3.6 3.4 6.9 El Salvador 100.0 98.5 25.1 1.9 5.2 16.5 9.3 7.9 8.6 3.4 4.5 4.5 Guatemala 100.0 90.0 34.9 1.4 4.7 11.3 5.0 6.1 6.4 6.5 2.8 3.7 Haiti 100.0 113.4 66.2 2.6 7.8 12.8 3.8 3.8 5.9 0.5 2.7 4.8 Honduras 100.0 85.9 25.4 2.7 3.8 10.6 3.5 8.4 8.2 2.7 3.2 7.5 Nicaragua 100.0 83.9 21.9 2.3 2.4 11.2 4.6 9.0 10.3 2.9 3.2 6.0 Panama 100.0 66.0 11.2 0.4 4.1 13.0 4.8 4.7 8.6 2.3 3.5 3.8 Paraguay 100.0 76.1 21.0 1.0 4.0 6.9 6.2 6.2 6.5 2.8 4.9 7.1 Peru 100.0 62.5 14.2 1.4 3.9 6.6 3.1 4.0 6.7 2.4 3.7 5.3 Uruguay 100.0 75.5 14.0 1.8 3.4 14.4 4.2 9.1 5.6 3.0 2.5 4.9 Venezuela, RB 100.0 60.7 13.1 1.8 2.8 3.0 3.5 5.5 8.1 3.4 3.9 5.1 Total (17) 100.0 68.6 11.6 1.4 3.1 8.7 4.3 6.9 8.8 2.5 3.3 5.7 48 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Miscel- Individual Individual Collective Individual laneous consumption consumption consumption Gross Changes in Balance consumption Restaurants goods Net expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery inventories of exports expenditure by and and purchases by by by capital and Other and and Domestic households hotels services abroad households government government formation equipment Construction products valuables imports absorption without housing (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) 2.8 5.8 0.9 75.1 7.7 10.6 20.6 6.9 12.8 0.8 5.6 −19.6 119.6 66.4 11.6 9.2 −10.8 60.8 10.8 9.6 15.1 5.5 7.7 1.9 −0.2 3.9 96.1 55.2 2.7 7.3 −0.3 66.3 6.2 5.5 21.8 6.7 14.6 0.4 1.5 −1.3 101.3 55.3 13.6 6.2 −18.3 82.5 9.4 12.1 18.4 5.7 12.3 0.4 −0.3 −22.2 122.2 75.1 2.2 12.2 −0.3 45.4 17.1 10.9 17.8 5.5 10.1 2.2 0.3 8.6 91.4 38.2 4.2 7.5 −1.5 59.8 12.0 8.2 18.2 6.2 10.4 1.5 0.5 1.4 98.6 48.0 2.3 8.7 1.5 41.2 14.1 7.4 19.5 6.3 9.3 3.9 4.6 13.3 86.7 35.1 1.7 9.2 −0.4 61.1 10.4 7.6 20.2 7.6 11.4 1.3 1.9 −1.2 101.2 56.8 7.5 8.6 −3.1 66.0 10.8 9.1 18.0 5.4 11.0 1.6 0.4 −4.4 104.4 59.1 2.1 4.9 0.2 63.5 8.7 6.3 26.1 8.5 16.4 1.2 0.7 −5.3 105.3 54.9 1.6 5.1 1.1 49.1 8.6 9.4 20.8 7.5 11.6 1.7 3.6 8.6 91.4 46.7 1.8 7.5 −1.2 77.0 12.8 6.5 18.5 7.9 9.5 1.1 1.7 −16.4 116.4 66.5 2.9 6.9 0.0 57.6 8.7 9.3 23.1 7.7 10.4 5.0 0.7 0.5 99.5 52.3 4.1 7.0 −3.9 57.5 12.4 8.5 18.6 8.0 9.2 1.4 1.6 1.5 98.5 51.0 10.4 6.8 −3.2 58.6 12.3 9.0 20.7 6.0 10.6 4.1 0.5 −1.1 101.1 50.0 2.6 11.6 −0.4 48.0 19.1 7.4 18.7 6.9 9.1 2.7 1.2 5.6 94.4 38.8 3.8 9.7 0.0 57.3 6.2 4.8 20.6 9.0 9.3 2.2 0.7 10.4 89.6 46.0 4.6 5.8 −3.2 71.2 7.6 6.3 21.8 12.7 9.1 0.1 1.7 −8.7 108.7 60.6 5.2 9.4 0.4 64.6 13.8 8.1 14.4 2.9 8.2 3.2 0.6 −1.5 101.5 51.6 4.3 11.6 −0.2 69.0 6.1 10.1 18.2 6.5 8.3 3.3 0.2 −3.7 103.7 58.6 4.2 10.2 −0.1 61.4 10.1 8.7 19.6 6.7 10.2 2.7 0.6 −0.4 100.4 51.6 4.9 1.9 0.0 61.0 1.6 12.1 19.0 10.6 7.1 1.2 0.6 5.7 94.3 57.6 3.9 8.6 0.0 60.3 8.1 12.6 19.3 10.1 8.0 1.2 0.4 −0.7 100.7 54.1 7.1 7.0 0.0 61.3 6.7 9.1 23.6 8.2 14.5 0.9 0.2 −0.9 100.9 55.1 3.6 3.6 0.8 65.3 12.2 5.8 19.8 8.5 10.7 0.6 1.8 −4.9 104.9 63.2 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 7.2 9.4 −0.5 86.5 2.4 5.0 16.3 4.6 11.4 0.3 0.1 −10.3 110.3 77.8 2.7 6.1 −0.4 61.1 6.0 6.7 26.0 8.4 7.4 10.2 3.0 −2.8 102.8 54.2 6.6 5.5 −0.6 93.3 5.2 5.9 12.5 6.3 6.2 0.1 1.8 −18.7 118.7 83.3 5.2 3.7 −1.7 85.3 4.7 5.6 14.7 7.7 7.0 0.0 0.4 −10.7 110.7 76.5 0.2 2.4 0.0 112.2 1.2 0.1 29.0 0.7 28.2 0.0 0.0 −42.5 142.5 107.5 4.7 5.3 0.0 77.6 8.3 7.8 24.4 13.6 9.6 1.3 1.6 −19.7 119.7 72.0 5.0 6.3 −1.3 77.8 6.2 8.5 22.5 8.7 12.0 1.8 0.8 −15.8 115.8 70.6 3.4 6.2 0.0 60.2 5.8 6.5 26.1 11.8 14.3 0.0 1.1 0.2 99.8 50.6 3.6 6.0 0.0 70.1 6.0 4.6 16.4 7.0 8.1 1.3 0.4 2.5 97.5 68.2 5.6 5.7 0.0 59.5 3.1 6.2 26.0 9.3 15.8 0.8 1.1 4.3 95.7 55.0 5.2 6.0 1.5 67.9 7.6 5.6 19.0 6.0 11.8 1.2 0.4 −0.5 100.5 57.0 7.3 3.1 0.3 55.2 5.5 6.0 17.7 8.0 9.1 0.6 5.3 10.2 89.8 53.0 4.6 7.6 0.0 61.3 7.2 10.7 20.0 9.5 9.2 1.2 1.0 −0.2 100.2 55.4 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 49 Table 2.3 (Continued) NOMINAL Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, EXPENDITURE SHARES beverages, water, household (GDP = 100)a Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment Recreation domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication culture Education (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) (11) (12) CARIBBEAN Anguilla 100.0 87.6 10.9 2.0 2.6 17.9 3.4 2.1 15.9 6.8 3.7 3.6 Antigua and Barbuda 100.0 68.1 10.5 1.1 1.6 18.7 2.9 6.1 7.1 3.5 2.2 3.8 Aruba 100.0 78.2 5.8 0.5 2.5 26.0 3.2 9.3 9.3 2.8 5.4 4.8 Bahamas, The 100.0 76.8 7.3 0.9 2.5 23.5 3.3 6.5 5.9 3.1 3.2 5.0 Barbados 100.0 89.1 12.3 1.4 1.6 46.5 2.4 4.1 6.2 3.7 3.3 4.4 Belize 100.0 76.0 13.8 1.2 6.0 19.0 5.0 5.6 9.8 2.4 5.0 4.0 Bermuda 100.0 78.2 6.8 1.3 1.6 21.7 3.7 6.4 4.8 2.1 4.5 5.7 Bonaireg … … … … … … … … … … … … Cayman Islands 100.0 74.8 4.6 0.9 2.2 25.8 3.5 3.4 7.0 3.2 3.6 3.7 Curaçao 100.0 76.7 8.1 0.9 5.8 24.5 2.3 5.8 7.2 2.9 3.4 3.2 Dominica 100.0 89.7 15.4 0.7 4.3 20.3 4.5 5.8 17.1 3.4 3.4 5.7 Grenada 100.0 97.2 19.2 1.7 4.3 18.8 4.0 3.9 17.6 9.4 2.6 6.0 Jamaica 100.0 93.0 26.1 1.2 1.7 12.6 5.2 5.6 13.2 2.5 8.2 6.9 Montserrat 100.0 95.3 15.0 2.0 1.2 17.9 4.0 9.6 25.4 6.1 2.8 5.6 St. Kitts and Nevis 100.0 74.9 12.3 2.1 3.2 19.6 4.7 4.4 6.8 3.9 2.6 4.0 St. Lucia 100.0 80.5 16.1 1.4 4.8 18.4 4.5 4.3 7.5 4.4 1.5 6.7 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 100.0 92.6 18.3 5.2 1.9 24.8 3.9 5.8 16.1 6.2 5.7 5.5 Sint Maarten 100.0 64.3 5.4 0.2 3.2 26.7 2.8 2.1 7.4 3.2 2.5 2.0 Suriname 100.0 38.3 14.3 1.0 1.3 6.5 1.8 1.9 2.9 1.4 1.4 0.5 Trinidad and Tobago 100.0 58.1 12.2 0.6 0.8 7.1 2.4 4.5 6.2 1.2 3.8 6.1 Turks and Caicos Islands 100.0 39.4 5.6 0.7 1.4 4.2 1.5 3.7 9.1 0.7 2.0 4.5 Virgin Islands, British 100.0 38.4 6.5 0.8 3.6 8.0 4.8 2.1 3.6 1.2 1.5 2.1 Total (22) 100.0 72.2 13.3 1.0 1.9 16.3 3.3 5.0 7.8 2.4 4.4 5.3 WESTERN ASIA Bahrain 100.0 43.7 5.9 0.2 2.5 8.9 3.1 3.2 4.6 2.0 2.8 4.9 Egypt, Arab Rep.b 100.0 79.5 33.3 2.6 4.8 10.4 3.8 7.3 4.7 2.0 2.4 5.3 Iraq 100.0 47.0 14.4 0.3 2.8 12.2 2.2 3.4 3.4 0.7 0.5 5.2 Jordan 100.0 79.8 22.3 2.5 3.5 16.0 3.4 5.6 8.1 3.1 1.3 9.8 Kuwait 100.0 27.8 4.3 0.1 2.2 6.5 3.4 2.2 2.0 0.9 1.0 2.7 Oman 100.0 36.0 7.0 0.1 2.0 6.6 1.4 2.1 5.7 1.7 1.2 4.0 Qatar 100.0 16.6 1.8 0.0 0.6 3.7 0.7 1.2 1.4 0.4 1.2 2.5 Saudi Arabia 100.0 36.7 5.8 0.1 1.8 7.6 2.4 3.0 2.5 1.5 1.1 6.3 c Sudan 100.0 70.2 36.3 0.5 3.1 10.3 4.5 0.9 5.7 1.1 1.6 2.3 United Arab Emirates 100.0 52.8 6.2 0.1 6.5 17.5 1.9 0.8 8.5 3.1 1.4 2.5 West Bank and Gaza 100.0 108.2 34.2 4.3 6.3 11.8 5.6 7.9 10.2 3.3 2.6 9.1 Yemen, Rep. 100.0 73.0 33.0 3.5 3.2 10.4 2.2 7.0 4.2 0.8 0.3 5.1 Total (12) 100.0 45.7 11.2 0.5 3.1 9.9 2.5 3.0 4.2 1.7 1.3 4.6 50 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Miscel- Individual Individual Collective Individual laneous consumption consumption consumption Gross Changes in Balance consumption Restaurants goods Net expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery inventories of exports expenditure by and and purchases by by by capital and Other and and Domestic households hotels services abroad households government government formation equipment Construction products valuables imports absorption without housing (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) 3.4 15.3 0.0 84.2 3.4 12.5 17.5 4.6 12.6 0.3 −1.6 −16.1 116.1 73.6 2.2 8.4 0.0 60.0 8.1 10.3 20.9 4.4 16.2 0.4 0.6 0.0 100.0 48.6 1.8 6.6 0.0 62.1 16.1 9.5 26.4 6.5 19.9 0.0 1.6 −15.7 115.7 44.5 4.1 11.4 0.0 71.0 5.8 9.0 26.4 12.9 13.4 0.1 1.7 −13.9 113.9 54.4 16.4 7.3 −20.6 81.5 7.6 10.6 15.6 7.6 7.9 0.0 −0.9 −14.4 114.4 40.9 0.5 3.7 0.0 71.6 4.4 11.3 15.1 6.4 8.4 0.3 1.4 −3.8 103.8 54.3 9.1 10.5 0.0 67.2 11.1 8.2 20.2 10.5 9.7 0.0 1.1 −7.8 107.8 47.6 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 3.6 13.4 0.0 70.3 4.5 8.9 22.4 11.1 11.3 0.1 0.0 −6.1 106.1 50.6 2.4 15.9 −5.8 69.1 7.6 7.3 39.8 21.6 11.3 6.9 1.5 −25.3 125.3 55.1 2.5 6.8 0.0 81.8 7.9 13.6 23.0 11.1 11.5 0.4 −11.2 −15.2 115.2 68.4 1.7 7.0 1.0 89.9 7.3 8.4 20.4 8.0 12.1 0.4 −0.1 −25.9 125.9 79.4 11.4 11.0 −12.7 85.6 7.4 8.6 20.8 10.0 10.4 0.4 0.5 −22.9 122.9 78.0 0.3 10.2 −4.9 80.8 14.5 33.0 28.7 8.4 19.8 0.5 0.0 −57.0 157.0 71.3 4.3 7.0 0.0 68.5 6.4 10.7 30.9 7.7 22.7 0.6 0.0 −16.5 116.5 54.7 1.4 9.5 0.0 73.9 6.6 10.0 30.0 9.2 20.2 0.6 0.0 −20.5 120.5 62.9 2.9 7.8 −11.6 82.1 10.5 10.3 23.9 7.3 16.1 0.4 1.5 −28.2 128.2 67.6 1.1 7.7 0.0 60.4 3.8 12.7 16.8 9.1 4.8 2.9 0.0 6.2 93.8 40.3 0.5 4.7 0.0 37.4 0.9 11.4 37.0 30.4 5.9 0.7 6.9 6.3 93.7 35.2 5.3 7.9 0.0 45.8 12.3 1.7 15.0 7.4 7.3 0.3 0.0 25.2 74.8 41.4 1.5 4.6 0.0 35.8 3.6 19.0 14.5 5.1 9.4 0.0 0.1 27.0 73.0 33.5 2.1 2.3 0.0 35.1 3.3 5.2 23.9 10.6 12.6 0.7 −1.9 34.4 65.6 29.8 6.2 9.1 −3.8 63.6 8.6 7.1 21.3 10.6 10.1 0.6 0.7 −1.3 101.3 52.0 1.9 2.7 1.1 38.7 5.0 8.7 15.6 4.8 10.8 0.1 0.7 31.2 68.8 31.4 2.5 5.6 −5.2 75.6 4.0 7.5 16.7 7.8 8.5 0.5 0.4 −4.1 104.1 68.6 0.4 1.5 0.0 39.8 7.2 15.1 19.4 7.5 11.8 0.1 −0.4 18.9 81.1 31.1 1.6 2.3 0.3 71.4 8.3 11.1 21.4 5.6 14.5 1.3 1.6 −13.8 113.8 60.8 0.8 1.8 0.0 23.3 4.5 10.5 15.8 6.3 7.9 1.6 0.6 45.4 54.6 17.5 1.0 2.8 0.3 30.0 6.0 11.2 26.3 10.5 13.1 2.7 −3.1 29.6 70.4 25.0 0.3 2.3 0.4 12.8 3.8 8.7 29.3 14.3 4.6 10.4 0.0 45.4 54.6 9.4 1.4 1.8 1.3 27.2 9.6 9.9 22.7 8.7 11.2 2.7 4.1 26.6 73.4 21.8 1.6 1.8 0.4 69.6 0.5 6.3 22.3 11.7 10.6 0.0 2.6 −1.4 101.4 62.8 1.9 2.4 0.0 51.7 1.1 6.2 22.0 8.7 11.0 2.3 1.0 18.0 82.0 36.6 2.6 9.0 1.4 96.5 11.7 18.2 20.7 3.6 14.8 2.2 −3.4 −43.6 143.6 92.4 0.0 3.3 0.0 68.1 4.9 9.1 13.2 1.2 10.2 1.7 5.6 −1.0 101.0 62.6 1.4 2.5 −0.1 40.0 5.7 9.3 21.4 8.7 10.2 2.6 1.7 21.9 78.1 32.5 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 51 Table 2.3 (Continued) NOMINAL Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, EXPENDITURE SHARES beverages, water, household (GDP = 100)a Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment Recreation domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication culture Education (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) (11) (12) SINGLETONS Georgia 100.0 78.3 24.6 4.1 2.0 8.9 2.9 8.2 7.2 2.3 5.5 5.4 Iran, Islamic Rep. 100.0 44.4 10.8 0.2 1.9 12.8 1.6 3.6 3.3 1.4 1.1 1.4 Total (2) 100.0 45.2 11.1 0.3 1.9 12.7 1.7 3.7 3.3 1.4 1.2 1.5 WORLDh (179) 100.0 66.5 8.7 1.6 2.7 11.5 2.9 8.6 6.6 1.7 4.7 5.0 Source: ICP, http://icp.worldbank.org/. Note: ... = data suppressed because of incompleteness. a. All shares are rounded to one decimal place. More precision can be found in the Excel version of the table, which can be downloaded from the ICP website. b. The Arab Republic of Egypt participated in both the Africa and Western Asia regions. The regional results for Egypt were averaged by taking the geometric mean of the regional PPPs, allowing Egypt to have the same global results in each region. c. Sudan participated in both the Africa and Western Asia regions. The regional results for Sudan were averaged by taking the geometric mean of the regional PPPs, allowing Sudan to have the same global results in each region. d. The results presented in the tables are based on data supplied by all the participating economies and compiled in accordance with ICP principles and the procedures recommended by the 2011 ICP Technical Advisory Group. The results for China are estimated by the 2011 ICP Asia and the Pacific Regional Office and the Global Office. The National Bureau of Statistics of China does not recognize these results as official statistics. e. The Russian Federation participated in both the CIS and Eurostat-OECD comparisons. The PPPs for Russia are based on the Eurostat-OECD comparison. They were the basis for linking the CIS comparison to the ICP. f. The official GDP of Cuba for reference year 2011 is 68,990.15 million in national currency. However, this number and its breakdown into main aggregates are not shown in the tables because of methodological comparability issues. Therefore, Cuba’s results are provided only for the PPP and price level index. In addition, Cuba’s figures are not included in the Latin America and world totals. g. Bonaire’s results are provided only for the individual consumption expenditure by households. Therefore, to ensure consistency across the tables, Bonaire is not included in the Caribbean or the world total. h. This table does not include the Pacific Islands and does not double count the dual participation economies: the Arab Republic of Egypt, Sudan, and the Russian Federation. 52 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Miscel- Individual Individual Collective Individual laneous consumption consumption consumption Gross Changes in Balance consumption Restaurants goods Net expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery inventories of exports expenditure by and and purchases by by by capital and Other and and Domestic households hotels services abroad households government government formation equipment Construction products valuables imports absorption without housing (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) 2.6 4.6 0.0 74.0 4.3 13.9 22.5 8.4 10.8 3.2 3.8 −18.5 118.5 69.7 0.5 4.7 1.1 41.8 2.6 8.4 25.7 11.6 13.3 0.8 10.9 10.7 89.3 31.4 0.6 4.7 1.1 42.6 2.7 8.5 25.6 11.5 13.2 0.8 10.7 10.0 90.0 32.4 3.7 8.7 −0.1 57.4 9.1 8.5 23.0 7.9 12.6 2.5 1.2 0.8 99.2 48.9 Presentation and Analysis of Results 53 Table 2.4 Purchasing Power Parities (U.S. Dollar = 1.00), ICP 2011 PPPs Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, (US$ = 1.00)a beverages, water, household Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) AFRICA Algeria 30.502 28.880 50.736 45.390 41.983 24.135 40.767 13.000 33.258 35.940 Angola 68.315 69.973 118.137 45.559 84.022 54.741 106.349 48.788 85.333 87.875 Benin 214.035 207.312 370.582 195.942 204.200 183.014 306.313 121.413 261.628 244.766 Botswana 3.764 4.068 6.493 5.494 3.612 4.464 6.733 2.265 4.975 3.263 Burkina Faso 213.659 203.814 384.850 213.069 184.918 150.487 294.974 118.447 319.797 251.165 Burundi 425.768 436.019 811.292 734.215 411.072 245.866 719.055 172.356 1,009.766 809.509 Cameroon 227.212 213.640 352.218 238.073 270.966 152.184 372.608 156.911 327.774 373.135 Cape Verde 48.592 44.321 73.270 50.568 55.775 42.236 57.249 25.849 70.940 37.054 Central African Republic 255.862 243.981 490.055 270.572 221.472 126.380 398.509 125.804 367.859 408.955 Chad 250.443 231.089 405.506 273.297 223.693 206.605 366.992 122.505 344.546 362.389 Comoros 207.584 201.132 355.581 316.673 219.065 149.348 395.660 105.986 297.720 353.045 Congo, Rep. 289.299 276.070 544.905 268.940 299.812 161.770 396.022 144.276 436.562 418.054 Congo, Dem. Rep. 521.870 492.254 995.879 619.168 501.385 276.923 643.047 241.443 759.322 659.755 Côte d’Ivoire 228.228 219.769 384.924 239.408 266.556 157.061 300.325 108.338 340.632 341.438 Djibouti 94.003 94.223 152.682 102.279 99.873 75.699 127.879 65.130 139.712 86.983 Egypt, Arab Rep.b 1.625 1.606 3.436 2.808 2.059 0.711 3.145 0.830 2.298 1.909 Equatorial Guinea 294.572 304.097 589.322 232.061 298.294 220.223 512.584 165.533 420.726 307.635 Ethiopia 4.919 4.934 8.869 6.164 5.821 4.581 7.853 2.385 7.979 5.305 Gabon 318.156 334.429 655.855 224.212 349.681 272.532 418.056 200.389 366.084 491.042 Gambia, The 9.939 9.766 19.680 10.536 6.736 7.793 13.390 4.379 13.590 8.031 Ghana 0.699 0.715 1.570 0.845 0.685 0.463 0.985 0.284 0.763 0.723 Guinea 2,518.386 2,316.675 5,352.043 2,579.447 2,128.158 783.311 3,128.116 1,181.841 3,516.903 3,411.063 Guinea-Bissau 220.085 221.672 400.082 252.336 258.633 175.909 364.520 99.848 354.574 276.273 Kenya 34.298 33.121 57.162 45.543 29.655 21.796 46.101 17.176 64.245 26.523 Lesotho 3.923 3.652 5.909 4.687 3.692 2.630 5.867 2.029 5.537 4.292 Liberia 0.517 0.519 0.974 0.627 0.446 0.585 0.600 0.221 0.721 0.668 Madagascar 673.730 648.609 1168.502 780.876 527.001 611.475 878.136 294.532 1,282.158 1,130.163 Malawi 76.259 72.760 139.599 80.997 61.783 32.754 116.176 29.785 170.095 86.546 Mali 210.193 202.208 337.779 198.514 211.992 183.738 323.588 92.883 374.476 264.925 Mauritania 115.855 103.576 187.179 118.403 85.477 79.922 146.549 56.410 149.556 142.122 Mauritius 15.941 16.535 26.573 26.403 14.211 11.609 24.149 8.425 32.685 14.309 Morocco 3.677 3.859 6.745 7.936 4.290 2.058 5.494 2.953 5.624 5.306 Mozambique 16.030 14.714 25.956 15.548 14.057 9.035 24.847 9.500 21.892 18.716 Namibia 4.663 4.787 8.100 4.866 3.702 5.223 5.367 3.069 6.475 4.015 Niger 221.087 210.030 404.077 249.451 155.168 172.083 238.900 124.830 315.442 359.186 Nigeria 74.378 72.612 147.012 69.312 63.131 58.511 76.549 31.751 92.809 88.164 Rwanda 260.751 234.141 395.081 321.317 281.734 156.671 273.610 118.960 488.544 278.187 54 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 30.056 7.265 35.529 31.437 31.772 12.652 16.887 42.024 92.827 22.862 30.305 32.518 105.365 27.003 127.387 70.663 73.833 44.125 56.269 56.979 127.789 30.395 66.927 80.752 280.396 80.370 296.896 152.285 224.917 117.370 145.384 300.059 596.385 174.495 216.125 245.853 4.914 1.433 6.456 3.869 4.438 2.017 3.206 3.280 8.340 1.576 3.736 4.661 309.305 56.244 231.348 185.561 222.242 107.352 178.693 282.177 632.359 151.518 215.759 247.388 672.530 97.107 621.541 412.487 487.327 168.112 267.615 694.095 1,537.329 376.842 451.102 566.859 312.047 81.898 318.543 184.641 230.375 147.671 191.977 313.991 576.878 204.738 228.238 254.190 57.595 17.731 48.689 40.568 47.565 25.998 39.411 58.738 106.972 37.180 47.065 51.239 332.745 53.939 319.759 230.136 267.869 108.142 222.564 326.106 644.138 195.366 254.555 301.388 263.169 58.233 366.836 189.836 251.296 138.720 194.455 352.971 646.425 233.637 250.393 273.669 307.250 59.084 266.392 221.546 220.572 99.914 161.339 235.828 483.486 138.494 203.046 249.360 375.075 100.640 355.001 198.525 296.500 166.999 249.543 389.529 645.298 237.979 304.566 328.144 563.809 118.748 819.140 492.233 537.732 263.255 433.663 670.561 1,262.883 411.468 520.880 624.732 349.107 97.615 262.761 187.185 235.688 142.951 201.782 280.418 637.984 147.727 227.432 259.002 138.358 36.887 143.404 97.928 101.481 56.525 79.427 95.412 221.793 49.438 93.384 111.787 1.981 0.507 2.410 1.585 1.803 0.566 0.822 2.689 6.656 1.391 1.646 2.096 471.311 92.634 396.115 288.349 321.354 208.318 424.930 276.018 651.258 139.287 296.396 347.065 5.573 1.042 4.918 3.936 5.439 2.109 3.563 7.257 22.179 2.796 5.206 5.685 346.142 151.414 449.083 294.853 359.219 200.687 270.502 341.082 641.631 238.831 329.296 382.640 11.260 3.338 18.363 8.225 10.826 3.865 6.318 15.386 40.512 6.639 10.361 11.878 0.917 0.217 1.214 0.580 0.788 0.328 0.566 0.728 2.192 0.273 0.703 0.870 3,007.694 491.235 3,939.802 2,193.499 2,572.343 757.024 1,452.971 3,918.304 8,810.390 2,112.444 2,519.622 3,078.433 349.481 36.493 357.777 200.254 248.236 64.014 141.517 284.615 648.499 150.102 220.501 269.672 43.897 16.344 43.244 27.262 35.430 20.076 34.539 45.103 107.244 22.760 35.328 40.572 4.124 1.831 6.030 3.182 3.864 2.405 3.803 4.480 9.989 2.388 3.847 4.338 0.571 0.128 0.621 0.423 0.568 0.261 0.407 0.567 1.368 0.265 0.516 0.591 734.663 185.694 537.343 534.671 704.913 371.423 623.767 1,057.595 2,641.207 510.621 705.252 764.790 117.541 31.032 126.817 61.150 78.017 45.753 89.255 94.347 215.156 49.599 76.604 90.743 252.679 67.442 337.254 169.240 221.868 96.115 158.062 280.664 609.570 154.951 211.692 238.355 133.247 37.018 179.295 98.129 112.807 52.798 87.516 172.135 395.510 90.122 118.151 124.699 18.718 6.358 30.157 16.094 18.285 6.849 10.190 16.322 34.607 9.035 15.794 19.559 4.754 1.642 5.484 3.819 4.193 2.040 3.245 3.535 9.616 1.581 3.711 4.897 17.793 8.538 16.117 11.285 15.527 11.507 20.501 19.633 37.092 11.817 15.913 17.391 5.455 1.554 7.415 3.630 5.131 2.773 4.006 4.108 9.814 2.084 4.582 5.224 293.685 47.662 292.256 185.423 228.753 113.222 199.902 284.825 520.917 183.047 223.884 248.570 85.736 28.683 98.119 52.658 79.531 35.768 56.511 92.040 210.505 48.496 74.143 85.360 338.584 119.571 311.579 223.509 246.834 193.765 361.760 373.046 754.637 210.292 265.992 279.765 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 55 Table 2.4 (Continued) PPPs Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, (US$ = 1.00)a beverages, water, household Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) São Tomé and Príncipe 8,527.157 9,091.140 17,061.052 10,212.969 9,837.834 7,455.455 14,014.117 3,994.580 13,685.972 10,968.728 Senegal 236.287 228.085 404.663 266.125 208.121 177.926 282.251 126.884 371.307 295.559 Seychelles 6.690 6.987 11.970 16.058 8.474 4.449 10.917 3.122 12.145 7.362 Sierra Leone 1,553.139 1,599.223 3,310.580 1,580.447 1,178.052 905.604 2,156.711 706.823 2,833.988 2,697.819 South Africa 4.774 4.769 6.637 4.994 5.357 4.155 7.736 3.543 6.995 4.181 c Sudan 1.224 1.342 2.405 2.278 0.899 1.125 1.783 0.537 2.283 1.594 Swaziland 3.900 3.820 5.971 4.686 4.258 3.294 5.440 1.949 5.791 3.756 Tanzania 522.483 539.161 948.924 764.066 483.312 527.251 743.475 206.764 829.729 530.828 Togo 215.060 209.618 402.353 220.192 197.023 148.357 303.684 108.131 410.501 396.666 Tunisia 0.592 0.624 1.068 0.984 1.024 0.461 0.930 0.382 0.877 0.445 Uganda 833.540 868.234 1,419.160 1,165.303 948.693 793.013 1,309.352 455.930 1,617.989 1,011.713 Zambia 2,378.380 2,332.796 3,914.496 3,169.257 2,363.291 1,703.604 3,697.202 1,125.337 4,781.428 5,040.040 Zimbabwe 0.504 0.491 0.825 0.435 0.572 0.391 0.941 0.265 0.885 0.649 Total (50) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Bangladesh 23.145 22.805 39.209 19.099 25.936 16.181 31.291 10.646 48.795 7.472 Bhutan 16.856 15.675 24.439 29.060 14.995 13.340 26.101 8.943 24.846 10.654 Brunei Darussalam 0.717 0.812 1.070 2.071 0.986 0.646 1.838 0.546 0.870 1.268 Cambodia 1,347.115 1,354.578 2,331.001 1,429.182 1,184.241 1,406.818 1,884.477 515.098 2,543.614 1,419.612 Chinad 3.506 3.493 5.155 5.564 4.351 2.651 5.827 2.026 4.619 2.392 Fiji 1.042 1.119 1.504 1.367 0.950 1.397 1.560 0.631 1.643 1.321 Hong Kong SAR, China 5.462 5.580 7.468 7.232 4.228 6.020 7.233 5.110 8.125 2.693 India 15.109 14.006 20.873 22.195 12.156 10.160 24.448 5.227 28.738 10.855 Indonesia 3,606.566 3,730.983 6,157.657 6,622.350 4,903.733 3,042.564 4,933.488 2,483.411 5,679.080 3,875.469 Lao PDR 2,467.753 2,539.736 5,270.823 3,453.660 2,361.992 1,346.045 4,076.574 1,032.080 5,810.923 1,858.096 Macao SAR, China 4.589 5.236 7.697 4.822 5.646 4.933 8.539 3.958 7.174 3.209 Malaysia 1.459 1.478 2.275 2.670 1.809 1.013 2.515 0.923 2.293 1.803 Maldives 8.527 9.479 11.468 6.454 7.155 18.378 11.559 3.560 12.006 4.804 Mongolia 537.127 516.566 902.689 537.792 702.971 493.523 1,099.131 167.374 765.573 709.616 Myanmar 234.974 229.428 460.487 392.505 236.055 177.945 383.760 80.253 588.254 282.002 Nepal 24.628 23.781 38.433 34.457 21.491 19.036 33.316 8.878 67.859 24.708 Pakistan 24.346 23.438 41.794 27.343 26.862 14.690 42.664 8.637 46.456 20.388 Philippines 17.854 17.658 27.590 16.870 22.757 14.333 23.305 12.516 26.851 28.026 Singapore 0.891 1.117 1.364 2.558 0.909 1.345 1.446 0.818 1.662 0.889 Sri Lanka 38.654 37.663 68.447 43.560 35.854 26.225 67.631 15.615 73.151 29.822 Taiwan, China 15.112 15.140 24.167 19.640 13.367 14.974 25.063 7.608 21.955 8.605 Thailand 12.370 12.024 19.962 19.982 11.307 7.399 20.897 7.141 20.666 10.809 Vietnam 6,709.192 6,709.833 11,848.213 6,325.120 6,165.746 7,010.913 9,838.586 2,192.803 16,568.476 7,836.986 Total (23) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 56 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 13,376.353 2,149.474 12,688.537 6,993.394 10,194.790 2,819.715 4,126.597 9,241.418 24,171.930 3,747.563 8,579.655 11,177.667 278.748 88.128 337.755 200.000 246.107 139.583 194.217 292.180 613.280 164.140 236.736 272.043 8.671 2.223 21.400 7.254 7.895 2.524 3.370 8.787 16.854 5.415 6.674 8.864 1,922.111 599.129 2,161.433 1,376.626 1,767.190 638.725 1,096.515 2,116.595 5,503.057 920.123 1,650.738 2,019.469 5.761 2.411 6.942 4.700 5.068 3.064 4.499 4.596 9.138 2.782 4.730 5.548 1.659 0.436 1.306 1.348 1.486 0.424 0.600 1.258 3.317 0.597 1.223 1.584 4.796 2.278 5.118 3.914 4.049 2.677 4.116 3.651 9.939 1.603 3.879 4.374 706.846 216.587 649.250 441.795 585.520 286.040 531.374 589.644 1,952.579 223.196 547.716 629.659 352.321 48.523 306.679 156.687 232.215 84.953 160.620 289.650 675.887 149.704 217.596 258.365 0.872 0.179 0.864 0.590 0.697 0.259 0.404 0.611 1.913 0.253 0.598 0.765 1,133.831 269.971 1,129.419 745.005 946.890 441.279 787.670 991.598 3,438.705 381.763 872.463 1,017.697 3,000.717 1,261.497 2,770.402 1,697.794 2,505.341 1,491.393 2,269.101 2,502.117 6,248.330 1,231.789 2,377.336 2,761.234 0.632 0.180 0.761 0.387 0.536 0.255 0.386 0.661 1.363 0.374 0.505 0.584 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 32.074 7.271 25.561 32.419 24.849 11.428 19.139 27.331 74.844 13.711 23.409 27.241 19.221 5.932 15.131 18.018 16.963 8.356 11.145 22.242 59.395 10.943 17.103 17.590 0.980 0.397 1.031 0.939 0.853 0.519 0.545 0.845 1.444 0.547 0.787 0.915 1,659.132 295.104 1,435.989 1,782.481 1,527.558 455.657 903.485 1,546.795 4,210.961 731.735 1,346.019 1,647.472 3.179 1.761 3.453 4.425 3.696 2.115 3.407 3.769 7.771 2.184 3.538 4.024 1.317 0.395 1.283 1.239 1.217 0.594 0.766 0.964 2.035 0.567 1.042 1.165 4.406 3.586 5.661 5.623 5.753 4.823 6.577 5.582 9.148 4.013 5.587 5.798 19.151 5.442 20.778 20.227 14.975 8.824 14.580 18.887 48.134 9.598 15.241 16.394 3,972.661 1,130.723 4,075.512 3,973.200 4,091.939 1,745.408 2,946.737 3,644.949 9,087.622 1,920.377 3,619.225 4,303.985 3,870.335 323.801 3,453.192 3,603.112 2,914.847 608.252 1,257.088 2,903.759 8,303.871 1,365.707 2,494.284 3,311.374 5.107 2.187 5.577 6.179 5.462 3.601 5.561 4.972 8.000 3.210 5.157 5.699 1.641 0.632 1.380 1.857 1.586 0.863 1.236 1.589 3.307 0.929 1.477 1.736 9.295 3.062 6.705 8.582 10.676 3.994 5.157 8.725 16.291 5.474 8.527 8.367 704.127 120.073 626.364 754.770 590.330 171.697 321.823 673.132 1,513.112 374.028 543.470 617.312 300.591 30.875 244.550 384.713 275.828 57.672 117.871 309.744 899.997 137.510 234.780 306.294 29.046 6.722 26.447 31.820 25.759 13.065 24.727 31.785 76.442 16.875 25.265 27.710 29.495 7.940 33.426 34.012 25.414 12.828 18.950 33.691 93.382 16.141 24.637 28.125 21.404 5.933 18.506 21.844 18.873 11.541 19.032 19.201 47.289 9.959 17.945 20.811 0.839 0.642 0.921 1.159 1.171 0.820 0.835 0.809 1.379 0.540 0.984 1.176 43.336 9.979 60.263 52.204 42.219 14.294 25.064 51.363 130.729 26.378 39.263 46.186 16.055 7.844 13.900 16.885 15.995 10.415 14.252 16.316 30.511 10.555 15.225 16.501 14.539 4.823 10.778 15.871 12.844 7.264 12.386 13.503 33.118 6.793 12.441 14.398 7,493.130 1,377.315 7,199.463 8,406.631 7,624.973 2,144.721 3,507.570 8,252.133 20,999.077 4,261.080 6,717.197 7,815.116 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 57 Table 2.4 (Continued) PPPs Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, (US$ = 1.00)a beverages, water, household Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES Armenia 187.095 152.389 307.022 132.876 308.634 45.532 278.122 80.450 290.455 217.902 Azerbaijan 0.360 0.282 0.497 0.257 0.569 0.087 0.517 0.169 0.566 0.401 Belarus 1,889.308 1,536.970 2,787.022 1,364.111 3,467.556 434.660 3,374.569 849.825 3,506.415 1,346.222 Kazakhstan 80.171 70.553 105.203 49.216 110.002 56.286 108.395 36.826 116.329 72.795 Kyrgyz Republic 17.757 14.522 31.037 11.766 32.355 3.431 27.833 7.695 31.229 14.494 Moldova 5.535 4.599 7.769 3.431 9.327 2.425 8.296 2.495 9.834 5.055 e Russian Federation 17.346 14.837 25.517 12.136 24.282 6.688 22.300 10.901 28.071 13.292 Tajikistan 1.740 1.484 3.136 1.545 3.815 0.346 3.449 0.611 3.987 1.120 Ukraine 3.434 2.852 5.011 2.470 6.081 0.982 4.685 1.601 5.842 3.104 Total (9) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. EUROSTAT-OECD Albania 45.452 47.617 78.529 40.445 81.406 39.923 87.079 25.013 108.431 89.749 Australia 1.511 1.505 1.632 1.786 1.482 1.822 1.414 1.550 1.526 1.080 Austria 0.830 0.850 0.980 0.621 0.809 0.766 0.940 0.748 1.180 0.676 Belgium 0.839 0.876 0.898 0.655 0.907 0.918 0.910 0.734 1.138 0.873 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.724 0.770 1.217 0.632 1.702 0.443 1.090 0.594 1.583 1.139 Bulgaria 0.660 0.657 1.095 0.839 1.295 0.442 1.068 0.330 1.434 1.048 Canada 1.243 1.271 1.546 1.491 1.212 1.223 1.427 1.192 1.450 1.223 Chile 348.017 353.270 512.602 362.499 478.358 327.442 489.811 277.773 486.429 434.318 Croatia 3.802 3.972 5.673 3.982 6.245 2.914 5.270 2.600 6.832 4.244 Cyprus 0.673 0.700 0.915 0.644 0.798 0.558 0.805 0.559 0.953 0.427 Czech Republic 13.468 13.447 16.631 13.897 20.094 14.214 17.901 8.458 21.523 20.396 Denmark 7.689 8.447 8.668 6.177 7.748 9.315 7.773 6.947 11.447 5.222 Estonia 0.524 0.537 0.709 0.537 0.818 0.539 0.726 0.312 0.913 0.534 Finland 0.907 0.951 0.953 0.898 0.985 1.049 0.971 0.727 1.293 0.579 France 0.845 0.856 0.893 0.718 0.843 0.948 0.956 0.677 1.157 0.841 Germany 0.779 0.781 0.865 0.628 0.830 0.868 0.845 0.565 1.170 0.584 Greece 0.693 0.709 0.864 0.653 0.764 0.675 0.850 0.469 1.055 0.914 Hungary 123.650 121.164 187.217 113.616 184.804 103.710 168.273 65.679 260.871 217.219 Iceland 133.563 135.543 149.608 178.242 178.096 100.261 167.395 109.906 207.367 95.485 Ireland 0.827 0.941 0.991 1.212 0.843 0.935 0.905 0.930 1.174 0.845 Israel 3.945 4.038 5.053 3.904 4.223 3.863 4.211 3.205 5.480 4.638 Italy 0.768 0.797 0.917 0.672 0.865 0.801 0.918 0.666 1.060 0.745 Japan 107.454 109.100 165.984 85.476 107.457 116.322 125.188 79.655 132.992 99.387 Korea, Rep. 854.586 849.741 1,559.073 744.912 1,411.931 552.128 1,076.292 501.343 1,181.480 625.231 Latvia 0.347 0.354 0.504 0.411 0.614 0.303 0.479 0.183 0.623 0.408 Lithuania 1.567 1.572 2.214 1.726 2.876 1.203 2.289 0.875 3.048 1.437 Luxembourg 0.906 1.056 0.953 0.590 0.821 1.351 0.951 1.005 1.054 0.644 58 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 216.106 28.693 266.080 161.591 183.780 45.272 107.557 387.109 472.609 314.908 183.741 232.422 0.423 0.077 0.526 0.283 0.329 0.112 0.241 0.788 0.967 0.646 0.353 0.398 2,319.743 354.870 3,100.710 2,113.921 1,832.435 516.563 1,310.124 4,012.222 5,556.187 3,003.890 1,899.071 2,210.871 94.378 16.355 104.543 57.224 83.612 24.275 48.057 137.116 177.032 108.372 78.948 80.998 24.871 2.744 31.997 13.756 17.538 4.473 9.700 44.935 59.957 34.392 18.139 21.786 6.778 1.094 6.781 4.635 5.451 1.628 2.605 11.531 13.655 9.581 5.475 6.588 22.012 4.762 26.264 15.844 16.769 6.824 14.905 27.911 33.765 22.944 17.071 19.430 1.796 0.205 2.797 1.631 1.883 0.297 0.729 4.409 5.247 3.693 1.826 2.298 4.582 0.830 5.961 3.087 3.311 1.128 2.250 6.877 8.760 5.474 3.416 3.967 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 63.108 3.801 50.314 50.444 58.168 11.211 27.455 57.947 117.937 35.018 47.680 63.141 1.444 1.070 1.462 1.468 1.527 1.220 1.299 1.706 1.450 1.734 1.526 1.473 0.960 0.761 0.903 0.873 0.848 0.699 0.894 0.792 0.851 0.732 0.838 0.892 0.895 0.688 0.968 0.917 0.879 0.674 0.957 0.710 0.862 0.589 0.844 0.887 0.978 0.194 1.034 0.857 0.867 0.353 0.561 0.810 1.633 0.448 0.753 1.002 0.851 0.174 0.758 0.729 0.765 0.243 0.363 0.879 1.515 0.538 0.656 0.891 1.341 0.998 1.487 1.268 1.285 1.036 1.166 1.197 1.150 1.098 1.244 1.296 473.689 113.723 432.197 366.239 391.644 172.765 248.533 373.660 552.221 267.717 346.942 417.614 4.830 1.878 5.691 4.100 4.359 2.134 2.777 3.778 6.065 2.542 3.800 4.835 0.837 0.617 0.856 0.716 0.712 0.568 0.629 0.608 0.855 0.451 0.674 0.768 15.268 6.014 12.567 13.841 14.901 7.002 10.363 14.931 20.398 11.082 13.422 15.450 8.822 6.255 9.797 8.959 8.524 6.166 7.720 6.247 6.910 5.817 7.871 8.565 0.689 0.210 0.633 0.552 0.609 0.256 0.361 0.555 0.823 0.385 0.522 0.634 1.077 0.637 1.111 1.019 0.980 0.656 0.842 0.822 0.927 0.700 0.912 0.972 0.926 0.571 0.885 0.892 0.880 0.600 0.867 0.812 0.848 0.735 0.846 0.873 0.910 0.502 0.873 0.789 0.818 0.514 0.792 0.819 0.832 0.769 0.786 0.832 0.862 0.418 0.846 0.723 0.758 0.427 0.566 0.719 0.971 0.546 0.693 0.772 146.268 47.007 122.914 124.296 137.883 55.982 91.196 144.767 209.985 102.368 121.888 152.506 176.255 95.506 162.761 141.116 138.895 95.632 112.211 155.029 162.494 143.619 136.054 150.779 0.983 0.524 1.080 1.012 0.952 0.705 0.774 0.615 0.870 0.455 0.858 0.965 4.804 2.304 5.145 4.046 4.270 2.626 3.315 4.027 5.984 3.057 3.954 4.369 0.930 0.479 0.919 0.820 0.825 0.560 0.815 0.666 0.855 0.520 0.771 0.843 113.130 64.286 111.304 110.687 116.103 68.523 95.251 110.171 114.375 105.534 107.629 117.140 977.072 568.013 1,273.910 858.964 912.021 514.561 780.601 895.660 1,178.551 693.771 853.226 1,010.707 0.435 0.126 0.484 0.373 0.403 0.151 0.230 0.400 0.575 0.285 0.348 0.440 2.003 0.592 1.888 1.692 1.786 0.714 1.035 1.883 2.743 1.321 1.569 2.007 0.941 1.370 0.922 1.005 0.989 1.005 1.029 0.729 0.848 0.615 0.962 0.901 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 59 Table 2.4 (Continued) PPPs Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, (US$ = 1.00)a beverages, water, household Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) Macedonia, FYR 18.680 19.500 29.821 16.318 35.648 15.257 32.456 9.712 43.517 32.391 Malta 0.558 0.581 0.783 0.656 0.804 0.441 0.830 0.401 1.008 0.666 Mexico 7.673 7.692 9.640 7.834 8.380 10.247 9.821 6.304 11.754 10.184 Montenegro 0.369 0.389 0.614 0.341 0.796 0.288 0.595 0.238 0.772 0.527 Netherlands 0.832 0.862 0.798 0.699 0.885 0.943 0.880 0.766 1.212 0.874 New Zealand 1.486 1.477 1.804 1.972 1.399 1.726 1.609 1.069 1.840 1.728 Norway 8.973 9.894 11.661 13.756 9.758 8.612 8.905 9.188 13.170 5.389 Poland 1.823 1.738 2.095 2.060 3.329 1.395 2.323 0.995 3.206 2.027 Portugal 0.628 0.666 0.737 0.580 0.859 0.646 0.789 0.566 1.038 0.802 Romania 1.615 1.684 2.492 2.170 3.115 1.771 2.485 0.768 3.311 2.083 Russian Federatione 17.346 14.837 25.517 12.136 24.282 6.688 22.300 10.901 28.071 13.292 Serbia 37.288 39.247 62.369 33.470 85.242 30.511 67.090 23.635 81.372 40.554 Slovak Republic 0.508 0.502 0.704 0.543 0.770 0.427 0.715 0.263 0.845 0.885 Slovenia 0.625 0.651 0.786 0.535 0.807 0.588 0.801 0.480 0.944 0.636 Spain 0.705 0.749 0.770 0.580 0.731 0.811 0.850 0.634 1.050 1.070 Sweden 8.820 9.236 8.993 8.394 9.433 8.875 9.387 7.838 12.268 5.113 Switzerland 1.441 1.603 1.587 1.043 1.367 2.128 1.364 1.488 1.645 1.062 Turkey 0.987 1.007 1.592 1.444 1.239 0.772 1.363 0.684 1.964 1.364 United Kingdom 0.698 0.735 0.688 0.901 0.577 0.927 0.776 0.570 0.993 0.598 United States 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Total (47) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. LATIN AMERICA Bolivia 2.946 2.801 4.404 3.461 4.226 1.284 4.254 2.785 3.654 4.967 Brazil 1.471 1.487 1.661 1.180 3.242 1.444 1.935 0.882 2.429 2.914 Colombia 1,161.910 1,146.218 1,615.194 1,193.256 1,778.228 643.113 1,986.418 863.861 1,841.147 1,921.748 Costa Rica 346.738 341.808 514.970 353.478 526.617 185.558 498.447 408.384 453.671 258.014 f Cuba 0.322 0.295 0.474 0.507 0.395 0.105 0.594 0.204 0.503 0.562 Dominican Republic 19.449 19.309 28.007 26.262 27.477 14.506 31.610 14.872 34.231 22.016 Ecuador 0.526 0.519 0.789 0.557 0.847 0.331 0.885 0.385 0.580 0.746 El Salvador 0.503 0.500 0.795 0.669 0.892 0.297 0.847 0.414 0.578 0.526 Guatemala 3.626 3.656 5.839 5.430 5.478 2.487 4.207 3.162 5.087 5.464 Haiti 19.108 19.976 31.450 16.429 44.005 11.714 23.191 15.105 24.596 25.732 Honduras 9.915 9.887 14.240 9.866 18.779 6.220 14.585 9.080 14.162 17.783 Nicaragua 8.919 8.581 14.935 10.936 12.256 3.927 11.988 7.119 14.294 16.145 Panama 0.547 0.523 0.808 0.582 0.889 0.334 0.795 0.458 0.701 0.419 Paraguay 2,227.340 2,180.826 3,315.801 2,114.347 4,855.416 1,164.644 3,160.069 1,868.982 3,453.794 2,077.333 Peru 1.521 1.461 2.121 1.591 2.434 1.035 2.539 1.023 2.058 2.137 Uruguay 15.282 15.517 22.144 18.197 28.689 11.479 24.106 12.366 21.420 14.176 Venezuela, RB 2.713 2.722 5.856 4.876 8.807 0.904 7.627 2.078 2.270 2.818 Total (17) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 60 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 25.840 4.257 21.757 20.816 22.936 6.633 11.650 24.827 48.894 14.528 19.497 25.546 0.683 0.320 0.666 0.574 0.629 0.335 0.402 0.573 0.893 0.387 0.557 0.692 9.837 1.347 8.934 8.024 8.940 2.757 4.878 9.264 14.729 6.448 7.688 8.670 0.570 0.079 0.548 0.394 0.449 0.147 0.233 0.496 0.812 0.328 0.383 0.494 0.895 0.581 0.904 0.901 0.869 0.640 0.829 0.802 0.920 0.690 0.847 0.871 1.638 0.746 1.486 1.511 1.589 0.879 1.308 1.687 1.825 1.662 1.494 1.577 10.921 7.436 12.558 11.174 9.797 7.792 9.484 8.602 8.710 8.155 9.529 10.270 2.112 0.795 2.690 1.887 1.936 0.864 1.418 2.416 3.285 1.804 1.821 2.152 0.836 0.335 0.676 0.678 0.704 0.427 0.538 0.551 0.906 0.366 0.629 0.738 1.901 0.379 1.824 1.698 2.001 0.593 0.927 1.811 3.491 1.073 1.625 2.055 22.012 4.762 26.264 15.844 16.769 6.824 14.905 27.911 33.765 22.944 17.071 19.430 52.662 9.736 49.547 38.602 45.370 15.892 22.028 45.487 84.416 26.168 38.394 49.595 0.633 0.198 0.609 0.538 0.567 0.230 0.342 0.633 0.901 0.450 0.508 0.629 0.806 0.450 0.753 0.666 0.681 0.439 0.495 0.615 0.793 0.482 0.626 0.719 0.858 0.462 0.809 0.728 0.777 0.519 0.622 0.623 0.845 0.472 0.707 0.783 9.973 8.352 11.374 9.742 9.105 7.273 7.921 8.946 8.415 9.255 9.008 9.386 1.543 1.475 1.658 1.556 1.613 1.432 1.526 1.282 1.332 1.304 1.513 1.503 1.329 0.182 1.414 1.140 1.164 0.379 0.733 1.116 1.858 0.689 0.999 1.300 0.770 0.554 0.785 0.699 0.756 0.521 0.615 0.628 0.668 0.546 0.701 0.717 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 4.471 1.402 3.660 2.777 2.906 2.700 3.100 3.624 7.274 2.203 2.978 3.300 2.083 0.647 1.866 1.502 1.659 0.683 1.650 1.306 2.823 0.722 1.469 1.761 1,318.597 537.119 1,585.522 1,090.827 1,196.955 896.440 907.599 1,395.264 2,528.150 883.720 1,169.408 1,351.984 430.513 187.950 423.759 283.873 343.786 349.561 289.663 395.883 798.305 233.246 346.902 385.230 0.286 0.176 0.343 0.354 0.292 0.218 0.263 0.543 1.110 0.315 0.319 0.321 25.063 5.659 19.915 17.560 20.741 9.795 13.201 25.431 51.125 14.840 19.791 22.491 0.711 0.244 0.724 0.542 0.547 0.365 0.482 0.611 1.458 0.309 0.532 0.591 0.626 0.167 0.916 0.501 0.531 0.331 0.425 0.635 1.258 0.381 0.515 0.595 4.656 1.341 4.116 3.095 3.873 2.450 2.995 4.302 8.768 2.494 3.714 4.324 23.340 8.546 32.674 17.038 20.706 15.782 24.118 21.163 49.656 11.493 20.133 23.762 11.649 4.409 11.451 8.463 10.080 9.996 10.177 11.288 22.845 6.678 10.117 11.309 13.808 2.499 11.844 8.026 9.160 5.288 6.764 14.345 28.246 8.511 9.305 10.928 0.666 0.205 0.758 0.546 0.553 0.359 0.428 0.732 1.376 0.459 0.553 0.607 3,473.908 862.251 2,924.159 1,937.258 2,309.430 1,473.418 2,173.686 2,663.075 6,091.921 1,425.662 2,251.650 2,624.223 1.824 0.624 2.084 1.262 1.569 0.800 1.261 1.956 3.978 1.135 1.535 1.733 20.879 7.504 18.290 14.448 16.424 10.667 12.534 15.732 27.773 10.074 15.299 17.925 5.402 0.843 4.471 3.588 2.915 1.571 1.915 2.846 7.388 1.351 2.712 3.303 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 61 Table 2.4 (Continued) PPPs Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, (US$ = 1.00)a beverages, water, household Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) CARIBBEAN Anguilla 2.077 2.350 3.943 2.453 2.506 1.924 3.191 1.628 2.719 2.319 Antigua and Barbuda 1.731 1.931 3.377 2.046 2.291 1.435 3.018 1.039 3.600 2.383 Aruba 1.260 1.478 2.066 2.090 1.717 1.174 2.702 0.813 2.022 1.746 Bahamas, The 0.949 1.060 1.360 0.951 1.285 0.883 1.880 0.759 1.331 1.196 Barbados 2.017 2.238 2.685 2.551 1.885 1.942 2.722 1.366 2.452 2.363 Belize 1.150 1.105 1.934 2.456 1.519 0.556 1.762 0.846 2.224 1.241 Bermuda 1.564 1.771 1.836 1.118 1.484 2.600 2.111 1.236 1.491 1.120 Bonaireg … … 1.328 0.941 0.661 … 1.307 … 1.264 1.201 Cayman Islands 0.959 1.048 1.332 1.244 1.047 0.963 1.597 0.906 1.192 1.031 Curaçao 1.292 1.330 1.872 1.582 2.070 0.963 2.201 0.862 1.851 1.930 Dominica 1.861 1.924 3.231 2.321 1.534 1.393 3.662 1.252 2.843 1.914 Grenada 1.783 1.905 3.333 2.413 2.763 1.286 3.441 1.220 3.039 2.070 Jamaica 54.122 57.926 102.779 83.799 60.249 39.431 85.601 39.970 91.181 46.085 Montserrat 1.943 2.144 3.960 2.767 2.462 1.289 4.318 1.535 3.603 1.789 St. Kitts and Nevis 1.803 1.923 3.772 2.379 2.102 1.264 4.773 0.952 3.514 2.903 St. Lucia 1.844 1.952 3.041 2.566 2.295 1.204 4.828 1.289 2.838 2.420 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1.691 1.852 3.141 2.167 2.067 1.344 3.393 1.039 2.562 2.516 Sint Maarten 1.379 1.514 2.107 1.013 1.399 1.326 2.295 0.809 1.856 2.243 Suriname 1.826 1.712 3.317 2.372 1.858 0.873 3.314 0.955 3.429 2.149 Trinidad and Tobago 3.938 4.193 6.703 6.444 5.260 3.131 7.911 2.770 5.920 4.094 Turks and Caicos Islands 1.100 1.193 1.417 1.275 0.880 1.350 1.459 0.795 1.523 0.748 Virgin Islands, British 1.076 1.164 1.543 0.644 1.078 1.223 1.731 0.777 1.171 0.950 Total (22) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. WESTERN ASIA Bahrain 0.211 0.214 0.301 0.228 0.267 0.187 0.311 0.216 0.172 0.182 b Egypt, Arab Rep. 1.625 1.606 3.436 2.808 2.059 0.711 3.145 0.830 2.298 1.909 Iraq 516.521 502.565 938.605 803.639 820.477 319.578 838.134 306.231 667.454 467.485 Jordan 0.293 0.295 0.566 0.367 0.302 0.170 0.435 0.171 0.439 0.345 Kuwait 0.172 0.183 0.234 0.192 0.235 0.119 0.273 0.196 0.142 0.240 Oman 0.192 0.194 0.307 0.210 0.221 0.164 0.253 0.141 0.186 0.231 Qatar 2.419 2.854 3.231 2.266 2.974 2.730 3.551 2.749 2.013 2.664 Saudi Arabia 1.837 1.826 2.984 2.065 2.089 1.081 2.532 1.575 1.753 2.240 c Sudan 1.224 1.342 2.405 2.278 0.899 1.125 1.783 0.537 2.283 1.594 United Arab Emirates 2.544 2.776 3.504 2.689 2.804 2.646 2.672 2.857 2.592 2.254 West Bank and Gaza 2.189 2.230 3.382 5.117 2.119 2.207 2.778 1.111 3.840 2.366 Yemen, Rep. 75.818 74.499 166.661 71.501 70.023 38.681 128.799 39.244 98.140 96.748 Total (12) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 62 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 3.640 0.756 3.231 2.774 2.591 1.142 1.392 1.574 3.113 0.996 2.081 2.729 2.932 0.551 2.180 2.052 2.200 0.724 1.002 1.581 3.457 0.969 1.745 2.572 2.059 0.650 2.568 1.504 1.653 0.693 0.780 0.959 1.656 0.664 1.272 1.878 1.136 0.553 1.148 1.121 1.151 0.601 0.499 0.798 1.330 0.570 0.930 1.234 2.386 1.013 3.084 2.152 2.413 1.361 1.086 1.512 2.578 1.039 1.952 2.412 1.820 0.456 1.725 1.349 1.183 0.796 0.814 1.844 2.695 1.456 1.167 1.572 1.794 0.718 2.082 1.664 1.900 1.078 1.145 0.966 1.141 1.025 1.490 1.636 … … 0.986 … 0.919 … … … … … … 1.027 1.238 0.418 1.112 1.106 1.136 0.615 0.716 0.795 1.237 0.596 0.955 1.150 1.846 0.620 2.031 1.378 1.429 0.830 0.802 1.469 2.290 1.112 1.307 1.705 2.656 0.726 2.374 2.201 2.069 1.230 1.416 2.034 3.500 1.391 1.885 2.375 2.933 0.494 2.562 1.907 2.092 0.969 1.089 2.006 3.444 1.368 1.828 2.476 81.680 20.280 81.394 63.874 63.354 30.555 37.720 58.977 113.403 36.789 55.667 74.167 2.799 0.686 2.481 2.325 2.336 1.152 1.328 1.739 3.544 1.080 1.978 2.821 2.924 0.354 2.299 2.068 2.221 0.610 0.795 2.196 3.650 1.518 1.835 2.687 2.785 0.635 3.882 2.230 2.139 1.019 1.188 1.984 3.640 1.331 1.875 2.535 2.623 0.589 3.481 2.058 2.039 0.916 1.097 1.768 3.704 1.077 1.749 2.345 1.661 0.568 2.140 1.745 1.678 0.686 0.848 1.210 1.764 1.003 1.374 1.813 2.235 0.857 2.159 1.794 1.885 0.872 1.197 2.178 4.093 1.224 1.842 2.072 4.943 1.353 6.277 3.922 4.619 2.054 2.073 3.610 6.488 2.390 3.832 4.703 1.301 0.621 1.499 1.199 1.282 0.775 0.692 1.177 1.310 1.113 1.140 1.270 1.347 0.647 1.545 1.219 1.250 0.775 0.702 1.151 1.345 1.109 1.123 1.206 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.220 0.130 0.231 0.208 0.215 0.199 0.223 0.188 0.400 0.112 0.211 0.195 1.981 0.507 2.410 1.585 1.803 0.566 0.822 2.689 6.656 1.391 1.646 2.096 706.104 167.996 752.625 783.801 573.418 226.398 317.367 695.065 1134.199 492.284 502.704 655.873 0.371 0.124 0.463 0.330 0.319 0.159 0.196 0.373 0.710 0.238 0.294 0.371 0.229 0.135 0.296 0.259 0.180 0.185 0.217 0.153 0.290 0.102 0.181 0.174 0.236 0.107 0.266 0.194 0.200 0.147 0.179 0.172 0.385 0.093 0.187 0.194 3.190 2.303 3.709 2.979 2.640 3.218 3.547 1.737 3.527 0.922 2.546 2.373 2.274 1.212 2.327 1.936 1.785 1.674 1.914 1.538 3.279 0.876 1.781 1.855 1.659 0.436 1.306 1.348 1.486 0.424 0.600 1.258 3.317 0.597 1.223 1.584 3.306 1.908 3.694 2.939 2.718 3.257 3.627 1.811 3.276 1.187 2.622 2.580 2.528 0.793 3.527 2.530 2.523 1.011 1.421 2.458 4.098 1.665 2.122 2.720 89.965 27.016 70.912 83.048 82.094 33.258 42.454 103.215 198.265 72.003 74.395 92.814 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 63 Table 2.4 (Continued) PPPs Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, (US$ = 1.00)a beverages, water, household Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) SINGLETONS Georgia 0.859 0.705 1.392 0.734 1.430 0.237 1.252 0.402 1.351 0.637 Iran, Islamic Rep. 4,657.463 4,216.441 7,960.468 3,154.675 8,110.943 3,527.879 7,674.926 1,943.926 6,321.803 2,749.561 Total (2) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. WORLDh (179) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Source: ICP, http://icp.worldbank.org/. Note: n.a. = not applicable; PPP = purchasing power parity; ... = data suppressed because of incompleteness. a. PPPs are rounded to three decimal places. More precision can be found in the Excel version of the table, which can be downloaded from the ICP website. b. The Arab Republic of Egypt participated in both the Africa and Western Asia regions. The regional results for Egypt were averaged by taking the geometric mean of the regional PPPs, allowing Egypt to have the same global results in each region. c. Sudan participated in both the Africa and Western Asia regions. The regional results for Sudan were averaged by taking the geometric mean of the regional PPPs, allowing Sudan to have the same global results in each region. d. The results presented in the tables are based on data supplied by all the participating economies and compiled in accordance with ICP principles and the procedures recommended by the 2011 ICP Technical Advisory Group. The results for China are estimated by the 2011 ICP Asia and the Pacific Regional Office and the Global Office. The National Bureau of Statistics of China does not recognize these results as official statistics. e. The Russian Federation participated in both the CIS and Eurostat-OECD comparisons. The PPPs for Russia are based on the Eurostat-OECD comparison. They were the basis for linking the CIS comparison to the ICP. f. The official GDP of Cuba for reference year 2011 is 68,990.15 million in national currency. However, this number and its breakdown into main aggregates are not shown in the tables because of methodological comparability issues. Therefore, Cuba’s results are provided only for the PPP and price level index. In addition, Cuba’s figures are not included in the Latin America and world totals. g. Bonaire’s results are provided only for the individual consumption expenditure by households. Therefore, to ensure consistency across the tables, Bonaire is not included in the Caribbean or the world total. h. This table does not include the Pacific Islands and does not double count the dual participation economies: the Arab Republic of Egypt, Sudan, and the Russian Federation. 64 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 0.927 0.157 1.214 0.671 0.842 0.243 0.539 1.651 1.789 1.365 0.841 1.047 5,177.313 474.430 7,247.766 5,662.554 5,001.363 1,161.991 2,461.785 7,137.243 14,891.530 3,470.697 4,677.234 5,062.124 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Presentation and Analysis of Results 65 Table 2.5 Real Expenditures in U.S. Dollars, ICP 2011 REAL EXPENDITURES Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, (US$, billions) beverages, water, household Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) AFRICA Algeria 474.8 225.6 38.5 2.5 4.5 13.2 4.0 35.4 23.7 10.3 Angola 143.0 84.7 20.6 5.6 3.6 11.4 3.1 6.4 3.7 0.7 Benin 16.1 13.4 3.6 0.4 0.6 1.5 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.3 Botswana 27.2 13.8 1.5 0.8 1.0 1.4 0.5 1.3 1.8 0.4 Burkina Faso 22.8 16.2 4.4 1.0 0.4 2.4 0.5 1.0 0.7 0.4 Burundi 6.1 5.6 1.3 0.5 0.1 1.5 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.0 Cameroon 55.2 46.0 12.8 1.1 3.0 5.9 2.4 1.0 2.4 0.4 Cape Verde 3.1 2.4 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 Central African Republic 4.0 3.9 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 Chad 22.9 17.0 4.7 0.7 0.4 1.8 0.7 2.3 1.1 0.4 Comoros 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Congo, Rep. 24.1 6.3 1.2 0.3 0.2 1.4 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.2 Congo, Dem. Rep. 44.4 30.3 8.2 0.7 1.4 6.4 0.8 2.8 0.5 0.3 Côte d’Ivoire 53.8 39.9 9.7 1.2 1.1 5.5 2.4 3.4 2.8 0.7 Djibouti 2.2 1.6 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 Egypt, Arab Rep.a 843.8 679.1 133.0 12.6 32.0 200.1 16.8 119.8 28.0 14.6 Equatorial Guinea 28.4 3.5 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.1 Ethiopia 102.9 82.9 17.1 1.6 3.6 14.6 5.0 14.0 0.8 0.3 Gabon 25.3 9.2 1.4 0.8 0.4 1.6 0.3 1.1 0.7 0.3 Gambia, The 2.7 2.2 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.1 Ghana 85.5 56.0 9.5 0.7 8.3 8.7 2.8 4.8 3.4 0.8 Guinea 13.2 8.1 2.0 0.1 0.6 1.9 0.2 1.2 0.3 0.0 Guinea-Bissau 2.1 1.4 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 Kenya 88.9 80.6 16.0 2.9 2.2 9.5 2.6 11.3 4.2 3.1 Lesotho 4.7 5.5 0.9 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 Liberia 2.2 2.5 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 Madagascar 30.1 28.4 6.9 0.7 2.3 1.9 2.8 1.1 1.9 0.1 Malawi 15.0 15.5 3.9 0.7 0.5 3.8 1.0 1.5 0.5 0.2 Mali 23.9 16.6 4.6 0.2 0.9 1.8 0.6 1.4 1.2 0.3 Mauritania 11.3 7.4 2.5 0.1 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.2 Mauritius 20.3 15.4 2.8 0.8 1.0 3.4 0.8 1.5 1.1 0.5 Morocco 218.3 139.1 27.1 2.2 5.1 36.1 4.5 11.2 8.5 6.2 Mozambique 22.8 21.3 6.2 0.9 1.1 2.5 0.4 0.9 1.2 0.2 Namibia 19.4 13.5 1.6 0.5 0.8 2.4 0.9 2.3 0.4 0.1 Niger 13.7 11.6 2.5 0.2 1.2 1.4 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.2 Nigeria 511.1 337.1 62.9 5.0 56.0 42.8 22.6 24.5 17.5 4.3 Rwanda 14.6 14.2 4.0 0.3 0.4 3.5 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.1 São Tomé and Príncipe 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 66 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 5.5 85.8 4.3 38.8 143.3 155.1 79.2 109.9 21.0 105.1 427.8 136.2 1.2 10.7 1.4 10.0 67.1 22.0 45.5 29.3 4.1 35.3 152.2 59.6 0.1 1.8 0.9 0.6 11.7 1.3 1.7 2.4 0.4 2.6 17.5 10.0 0.3 5.0 0.3 1.2 11.0 3.7 3.8 10.3 1.7 12.3 29.1 9.7 0.2 1.7 0.5 0.5 14.3 1.2 4.1 2.8 0.5 2.7 24.2 12.1 0.0 1.4 0.2 0.1 4.6 1.1 1.2 0.7 0.1 0.7 7.2 3.4 0.5 2.7 2.1 1.2 41.3 2.1 6.0 8.2 2.1 6.4 59.4 35.3 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.2 2.0 0.5 0.4 1.2 0.2 1.1 4.1 1.6 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.2 3.5 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.4 4.5 3.0 0.3 1.0 0.1 0.5 15.2 0.9 1.3 4.6 1.0 3.4 23.5 12.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.3 0.1 1.3 0.4 0.3 5.2 1.1 1.3 6.2 0.6 8.4 14.7 4.4 0.3 5.3 1.1 0.7 26.7 2.1 6.2 8.1 1.6 7.9 44.3 21.5 0.9 3.8 0.5 2.1 35.2 3.3 4.8 4.9 0.8 5.6 45.3 29.9 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.7 2.7 1.0 16.3 142.5 14.2 48.7 574.7 96.0 124.8 85.2 16.0 83.7 867.2 448.5 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.2 3.1 0.3 0.4 10.0 2.2 6.5 13.5 2.7 0.3 13.5 3.9 11.0 73.1 5.5 9.0 18.0 2.2 21.2 111.9 64.0 0.2 1.1 0.3 0.3 7.8 1.3 2.8 4.5 0.7 1.9 16.3 6.6 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.1 1.9 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.3 2.9 1.7 0.5 25.4 0.0 2.6 46.6 9.9 11.8 21.0 4.0 20.9 89.9 41.6 0.1 1.2 0.1 0.2 7.2 0.3 1.0 2.0 0.6 1.2 11.4 5.7 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.2 2.1 1.1 2.1 23.6 3.8 6.8 65.1 18.2 7.4 13.5 3.1 12.0 100.6 54.1 0.2 1.0 0.0 0.4 4.6 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.1 1.4 7.6 3.8 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.2 2.3 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 3.2 1.9 1.1 3.5 1.1 0.5 25.3 1.6 2.3 3.3 0.6 3.5 33.2 23.1 0.2 1.8 0.2 0.4 13.6 1.4 0.9 2.0 0.7 0.8 17.7 10.9 0.5 2.2 0.2 0.5 14.3 1.8 3.8 4.0 0.8 3.8 24.2 12.4 0.1 1.5 0.0 0.1 6.0 1.7 2.3 4.4 0.9 3.5 11.9 5.1 0.9 3.2 0.3 1.0 13.0 2.6 2.5 4.8 0.7 5.6 23.1 11.2 5.0 37.3 5.6 9.2 112.8 31.2 25.5 69.7 11.0 80.5 244.6 87.3 0.5 2.5 0.2 1.4 18.7 2.0 1.3 3.3 0.6 3.6 25.9 15.9 0.5 5.9 0.5 1.6 10.9 3.2 3.5 4.7 0.7 5.5 21.2 9.2 0.5 1.7 0.4 0.8 10.2 0.8 1.5 3.9 0.9 3.3 17.2 8.9 3.1 108.8 0.1 17.6 287.2 45.7 59.2 42.5 10.5 30.0 428.0 263.2 0.2 1.4 0.3 0.5 12.9 0.7 1.0 2.2 0.2 2.9 16.8 10.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.4 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 67 Table 2.5 (Continued) REAL EXPENDITURES Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, (US$, billions) beverages, water, household Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) Senegal 28.6 24.6 6.8 0.3 0.9 6.0 1.1 1.3 0.7 0.9 Seychelles 2.0 1.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 Sierra Leone 8.2 7.2 1.4 0.2 0.8 0.9 0.2 2.6 0.1 0.1 South Africa 611.1 417.8 53.2 17.5 16.0 65.3 15.8 62.3 36.8 12.3 Sudanb 152.4 97.5 28.1 0.4 6.5 17.0 4.8 3.1 4.7 1.3 Swaziland 7.6 7.0 2.0 0.0 0.4 1.1 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.1 Tanzania 71.8 47.6 17.8 0.2 3.5 3.5 1.5 4.4 1.2 0.0 Togo 8.1 7.3 1.7 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.1 Tunisia 109.3 77.2 9.9 1.6 3.2 14.8 3.2 8.9 7.9 3.8 Uganda 55.1 48.0 9.8 2.1 1.3 9.4 1.8 2.5 1.5 0.8 Zambia 42.5 24.0 8.3 0.1 1.5 3.9 0.2 2.6 0.2 0.3 Zimbabwe 17.6 17.2 5.7 0.6 0.8 1.4 0.3 0.9 0.7 0.0 Total (50) 4,115.1 2,834.9 560.6 69.1 170.3 517.9 107.6 347.3 164.2 66.1 ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Bangladesh 419.2 320.1 94.8 7.9 16.9 77.6 7.5 25.1 6.3 4.7 Bhutan 5.1 2.8 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.6 0.2 0.1 Brunei Darussalam 29.3 6.2 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.9 0.1 0.5 0.9 0.2 Cambodia 38.7 32.4 8.6 1.2 0.7 4.6 0.4 6.0 1.3 0.1 Chinac 13,495.9 5,811.5 740.1 78.6 322.5 1,061.3 170.0 1,503.0 256.8 288.1 Fiji 6.5 4.6 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.0 Hong Kong SAR, China 354.5 231.2 18.7 1.9 13.3 40.7 9.9 21.2 11.1 10.3 India 5,757.5 3,675.4 694.0 69.4 297.9 651.5 78.5 458.3 269.2 49.2 Indonesia 2,058.1 1,158.3 265.5 11.2 32.9 289.2 23.7 58.3 52.1 21.5 Lao PDR 26.2 14.9 3.7 0.6 0.3 3.6 0.2 0.8 0.7 0.3 Macao SAR, China 64.3 13.2 0.9 0.1 0.8 2.1 0.2 1.2 0.8 0.6 Malaysia 606.1 321.0 35.5 2.6 4.8 69.2 8.3 30.2 27.2 15.8 Maldives 3.7 1.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 Mongolia 23.4 14.7 2.4 1.0 0.5 2.2 0.1 2.1 1.6 0.3 Myanmar 192.1 137.2 35.7 1.6 4.1 23.4 1.1 24.3 1.8 1.7 Nepal 58.9 48.9 17.0 1.1 1.4 7.9 0.6 5.5 0.5 0.7 Pakistan 788.1 695.3 172.3 5.6 28.2 215.1 12.5 117.4 22.5 13.3 Philippines 543.7 422.9 110.7 5.4 4.4 61.8 12.5 18.9 28.7 8.0 Singapore 374.8 128.2 6.5 1.0 4.2 19.4 5.0 14.8 10.8 3.0 Sri Lanka 169.3 133.4 31.1 8.6 4.2 26.0 1.8 16.6 5.3 3.2 Taiwan, China 907.1 583.6 43.1 8.9 28.1 97.6 15.6 110.7 41.8 36.5 Thailand 899.0 573.0 88.4 12.2 20.5 84.6 13.4 73.2 46.7 13.2 Vietnam 414.3 262.7 38.5 7.8 11.8 57.4 10.3 58.5 10.6 1.7 Total (23) 27,235.6 14,593.0 2,410.0 227.2 798.1 2,797.9 372.3 2,547.9 797.2 472.5 68 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 0.3 3.4 0.1 1.1 21.6 2.1 3.5 5.5 1.0 6.0 33.7 17.4 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.4 2.4 0.7 0.2 1.5 0.1 0.4 6.3 0.4 0.9 2.5 0.7 1.6 10.8 5.4 14.1 88.4 6.0 48.3 341.7 85.1 83.2 120.4 28.8 95.3 620.6 278.6 1.8 9.8 2.2 2.5 87.4 2.4 19.5 33.1 6.6 33.3 154.6 74.0 0.2 1.0 0.0 0.1 6.2 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.8 8.3 5.1 0.4 5.7 0.0 1.1 42.4 2.9 10.0 23.0 3.0 33.2 81.7 39.3 0.1 2.1 0.4 1.0 6.3 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.1 1.3 9.3 5.5 1.8 21.3 5.3 5.1 61.0 22.0 15.4 22.9 2.4 35.2 116.2 48.7 2.2 16.6 1.1 2.4 39.9 8.8 1.0 11.4 1.0 19.8 61.8 33.8 0.1 2.8 0.1 1.6 20.9 2.3 7.0 8.8 1.1 11.6 40.0 17.8 0.3 3.4 0.1 1.1 14.5 2.7 2.0 1.5 0.2 1.7 21.0 12.8 63.4 658.7 58.9 225.2 2,344.9 550.8 564.5 722.3 136.1 725.3 4,108.5 1,969.1 1.6 54.3 6.5 8.7 287.9 12.7 18.8 100.6 8.7 150.2 446.9 238.7 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.1 2.2 0.8 0.9 2.6 0.4 3.1 6.5 1.8 0.4 2.1 0.2 0.3 4.8 1.8 4.9 3.3 0.6 3.2 13.0 4.0 0.7 10.1 1.5 0.7 27.1 5.4 2.1 3.9 0.7 4.1 38.7 22.5 347.1 1,159.9 299.3 393.6 4,397.8 1,913.6 868.3 5,723.1 795.9 6,230.3 13,029.2 3,641.6 0.2 0.8 0.1 0.2 3.9 0.6 0.5 1.4 0.3 0.9 6.8 3.2 32.8 12.6 22.9 38.8 212.9 13.5 15.7 81.5 21.9 53.3 332.9 175.5 40.4 423.8 61.8 408.4 3,248.6 320.8 493.6 1,424.7 213.5 1,627.2 6,031.6 2,692.7 21.1 282.3 76.0 54.6 990.6 153.6 135.9 651.0 43.0 1,001.7 2,022.0 819.4 0.3 4.9 0.3 0.3 12.6 2.0 4.0 8.0 0.8 8.3 26.9 10.5 1.4 2.3 2.3 1.3 11.1 2.4 2.2 7.4 1.1 8.7 23.7 9.2 11.4 78.8 28.4 32.7 263.7 65.2 47.6 124.1 21.6 105.9 500.4 218.4 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.4 1.1 1.8 0.4 1.8 3.9 0.8 0.3 6.4 0.2 0.5 11.7 4.2 2.8 8.8 2.3 5.8 29.3 9.6 1.2 84.8 5.8 2.5 104.3 47.3 16.1 38.9 6.5 38.0 193.6 86.6 1.0 9.8 0.9 1.6 43.3 3.8 3.9 9.4 0.9 9.9 70.9 35.9 6.1 97.6 5.0 30.5 618.2 45.6 71.6 73.7 8.5 73.5 829.7 513.3 6.1 89.7 14.3 40.6 377.9 29.1 31.9 94.6 14.8 90.8 560.6 313.4 18.5 20.7 16.1 15.7 111.2 15.9 25.8 98.2 21.4 86.5 244.1 91.7 1.6 27.7 3.2 5.5 108.2 32.0 20.4 34.5 4.1 42.4 190.9 89.7 52.5 98.0 34.1 73.0 514.9 57.6 76.9 175.7 43.7 122.9 840.2 425.4 22.1 125.4 50.0 40.9 473.1 112.0 81.1 220.2 60.2 137.6 878.6 392.1 9.3 110.0 10.7 7.7 214.9 58.0 46.8 100.2 10.2 132.5 430.9 177.6 576.2 2,703.1 639.5 1,158.2 12,041.7 2,898.2 1,973.0 8,987.4 1,281.6 9,938.7 26,751.5 9,973.3 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 69 Table 2.5 (Continued) REAL EXPENDITURES Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, (US$, billions) beverages, water, household Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES Armenia 20.2 22.0 6.0 1.1 0.4 5.9 0.2 2.6 0.6 0.8 Azerbaijan 144.5 75.7 15.9 2.0 3.5 19.6 2.1 5.4 3.9 3.0 Belarus 157.3 109.7 19.1 7.5 3.1 30.0 2.3 17.8 4.0 5.4 Kazakhstan 343.9 188.9 25.8 6.0 7.1 51.3 4.9 28.4 12.3 7.2 Kyrgyz Republic 16.1 18.4 3.3 1.0 0.6 5.8 0.3 1.8 0.9 1.2 Moldova 14.9 20.1 3.3 1.6 0.6 4.9 0.8 1.3 0.9 0.7 Russian Federationd 3,216.9 2,169.4 319.6 182.2 100.4 468.8 59.3 234.2 118.4 93.2 Tajikistan 17.3 23.3 4.9 0.1 0.8 6.1 0.3 2.6 0.7 1.9 Ukraine 379.1 361.4 67.4 24.1 9.0 112.8 8.1 56.5 18.3 6.9 Total (9) 4,310.3 2,989.1 465.3 225.7 125.4 705.3 78.1 350.6 160.0 120.1 EUROSTAT-OECD Albania 28.2 23.0 5.3 0.7 0.5 3.3 0.8 2.5 0.5 0.2 Australia 956.0 616.6 49.3 16.0 17.6 100.1 25.3 75.9 53.2 17.9 Austria 360.5 232.2 16.9 9.1 12.2 46.2 11.4 27.8 18.7 4.8 Belgium 440.1 288.2 28.0 10.0 10.3 48.7 11.7 50.0 20.3 4.6 Bosnia and Herzegovina 37.0 32.5 5.9 2.5 0.6 7.2 1.2 3.6 1.3 0.6 Bulgaria 114.1 80.6 9.1 4.2 1.1 19.1 3.4 15.6 5.7 2.7 Canada 1,416.2 946.0 57.7 22.2 32.7 189.4 37.2 128.3 97.9 19.3 Chile 349.1 236.6 23.5 6.3 8.7 37.1 10.8 28.7 19.5 6.8 Croatia 86.8 58.8 7.8 3.7 1.6 14.1 2.3 10.6 3.3 1.8 Cyprus 26.6 19.5 1.8 0.9 1.0 4.3 0.8 2.1 1.5 1.0 Czech Republic 283.9 174.6 17.7 13.2 3.0 37.6 5.9 32.8 8.6 3.0 Denmark 233.0 146.4 11.3 4.9 5.1 26.8 5.5 23.2 9.2 2.8 Estonia 30.9 18.5 2.3 1.4 0.6 3.3 0.4 2.9 1.2 0.6 Finland 208.0 143.2 13.1 5.5 5.0 25.6 5.5 22.6 8.8 3.7 France 2,369.6 1,724.6 168.9 49.9 56.7 312.1 68.3 273.4 138.4 36.8 Germany 3,352.1 2,328.9 188.3 73.0 83.3 395.5 105.3 407.6 168.9 63.9 Greece 300.8 240.2 30.1 10.7 7.8 56.4 7.5 36.1 17.9 5.1 Hungary 223.5 146.2 13.8 9.9 2.3 31.8 3.9 30.6 7.5 2.6 Iceland 12.2 8.2 0.8 0.2 0.2 1.8 0.3 1.3 0.6 0.2 Ireland 196.6 105.5 7.6 3.4 3.7 19.7 3.6 15.7 8.3 2.6 Israel 234.2 159.0 16.7 3.4 3.7 33.2 7.6 17.2 15.1 4.4 Italy 2,056.7 1,449.8 152.1 39.4 84.6 269.8 75.7 207.8 116.0 31.3 Japan 4,379.8 3,125.1 231.6 89.0 82.4 609.8 112.3 453.3 226.8 96.8 Korea, Rep. 1,445.3 870.2 52.7 19.2 22.8 187.5 19.6 162.5 63.3 43.6 Latvia 41.1 28.3 3.4 1.6 0.7 6.8 0.7 3.9 2.0 0.7 Lithuania 68.2 50.1 7.4 3.0 1.4 9.2 1.8 8.9 3.3 1.1 70 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 0.4 5.2 0.1 0.7 17.2 4.3 2.7 2.5 0.3 2.5 25.4 13.1 1.7 20.5 1.3 3.1 58.9 17.5 13.7 13.3 5.6 7.1 99.8 47.3 3.9 40.4 1.6 3.3 77.3 52.1 11.1 28.0 8.8 20.8 158.2 61.9 6.9 68.4 4.4 15.5 141.0 63.4 29.2 42.1 9.4 34.7 274.6 120.7 0.5 7.9 0.3 0.8 13.6 6.5 2.4 1.5 0.5 1.0 20.0 10.7 0.4 7.0 0.2 1.7 14.6 8.0 1.4 1.7 0.4 1.2 21.2 11.4 79.8 375.9 34.2 173.4 1,633.9 701.7 352.4 415.4 123.3 282.8 2,988.9 1,339.3 0.4 7.0 0.1 1.1 17.1 8.3 2.2 2.2 0.8 1.2 25.7 13.8 9.2 110.3 3.8 18.1 264.4 137.5 36.6 35.2 10.6 26.2 404.9 207.1 103.3 642.7 46.1 217.7 2,238.0 999.2 451.6 541.9 159.8 377.6 4,018.8 1,825.4 0.4 9.5 0.5 1.2 17.7 5.8 2.6 7.3 0.8 9.3 33.1 15.0 64.4 71.5 37.1 92.8 507.3 125.8 78.1 228.2 65.0 129.0 934.2 429.8 19.9 20.7 21.9 28.2 193.3 47.9 26.1 80.1 28.5 45.0 346.5 158.9 20.9 33.8 11.9 38.9 221.5 85.6 34.0 107.7 33.2 69.6 433.7 185.6 1.2 7.3 1.5 2.6 25.6 8.0 5.6 5.9 1.2 5.8 43.8 20.7 5.1 15.3 4.3 4.5 61.4 24.5 16.2 18.5 4.6 16.0 114.9 47.1 71.7 94.5 43.4 130.8 763.0 214.9 136.4 344.3 71.3 249.4 1,432.3 609.7 12.1 62.1 8.1 30.6 190.0 53.2 21.7 72.9 19.4 54.1 338.7 161.2 4.9 9.9 6.2 4.9 45.4 16.6 10.7 16.8 3.4 14.9 86.9 36.2 1.3 2.2 2.3 1.6 17.0 2.8 3.2 4.9 1.0 4.4 27.7 13.7 14.1 27.2 12.3 14.5 129.9 58.9 36.7 61.8 20.1 41.7 273.0 104.5 12.2 18.2 4.6 25.5 102.4 59.1 18.7 49.8 15.8 27.0 215.7 81.8 1.1 3.7 1.0 1.7 13.5 6.8 3.8 6.9 2.1 5.0 29.9 11.0 12.1 17.4 5.8 20.9 107.3 47.3 18.0 44.6 9.5 35.2 208.5 89.0 127.3 188.7 89.3 231.5 1,313.2 534.1 195.5 492.4 127.6 338.4 2,437.1 1,089.5 156.4 212.3 94.6 348.9 1,831.7 621.9 227.2 577.8 217.9 342.6 3,147.4 1,517.6 10.7 27.0 22.2 21.2 205.2 34.5 38.1 44.0 13.1 30.5 325.2 168.4 9.3 25.9 8.1 18.3 106.8 53.4 31.0 34.2 9.9 25.2 212.1 84.5 0.6 1.2 0.4 0.8 6.1 2.8 1.3 1.5 0.5 0.9 11.0 4.6 6.0 14.8 8.8 11.1 82.2 29.8 11.5 28.1 7.5 20.4 148.5 67.2 8.5 28.8 6.9 18.6 123.9 43.0 30.1 46.9 10.1 29.9 234.8 98.1 84.1 143.4 106.3 142.0 1,172.7 336.0 164.1 452.4 141.1 276.4 2,078.7 970.7 226.2 267.9 163.8 556.4 2,452.9 819.7 420.3 879.3 330.6 432.5 4,412.4 1,929.1 52.9 143.3 40.5 125.7 718.6 163.4 135.1 379.7 102.0 277.8 1,418.4 577.2 1.8 5.4 0.9 1.8 22.0 7.5 6.1 7.6 2.2 5.9 42.9 17.5 2.5 8.8 1.0 4.1 37.6 16.2 8.1 10.2 2.3 8.6 70.0 31.3 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 71 Table 2.5 (Continued) REAL EXPENDITURES Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, (US$, billions) beverages, water, household Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) Luxembourg 46.1 16.6 1.4 2.3 0.9 2.9 1.1 1.9 2.9 0.4 Macedonia, FYR 24.6 19.5 3.9 0.7 0.5 4.4 0.4 2.5 0.8 0.6 Malta 11.9 8.2 0.9 0.2 0.2 1.3 0.4 1.4 0.6 0.3 Mexico 1,894.6 1,370.1 233.0 32.3 34.4 193.8 55.7 105.0 153.3 35.2 Montenegro 8.8 7.6 1.6 0.4 0.1 1.4 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.3 Netherlands 720.3 433.7 39.4 11.8 16.2 70.2 18.0 61.1 28.2 12.7 New Zealand 137.6 99.3 9.7 3.2 3.9 16.5 3.7 16.8 7.9 2.2 Norway 306.5 153.6 11.8 3.2 5.7 26.1 6.6 22.1 11.8 5.0 Poland 838.0 628.3 83.2 28.9 12.2 162.1 17.9 105.6 29.0 13.4 Portugal 272.7 197.4 26.3 6.7 7.5 28.9 8.1 28.4 14.7 4.2 Romania 344.8 238.8 38.0 8.0 4.2 43.2 6.8 58.1 11.5 8.2 Russian Federationd 3,216.9 2,169.4 319.6 182.2 100.4 464.1 59.3 232.9 118.4 93.2 Serbia 86.1 73.4 10.9 4.1 1.1 18.6 1.4 12.7 4.1 2.8 Slovak Republic 135.7 91.1 10.0 3.4 2.1 23.9 3.3 16.3 3.7 1.6 Slovenia 57.8 38.8 4.2 2.2 1.5 7.3 1.7 6.1 3.5 1.1 Spain 1,483.2 991.0 115.2 32.1 46.0 163.4 35.6 135.3 69.4 16.4 Sweden 394.6 253.1 22.1 7.0 8.4 49.8 8.8 35.9 17.7 10.6 Switzerland 405.9 231.9 18.6 11.4 8.1 37.3 10.1 33.6 18.2 7.5 Turkey 1,314.9 1,015.5 140.0 22.6 42.0 241.3 55.7 114.5 81.4 20.4 United Kingdom 2,201.4 1,640.3 125.9 37.5 95.6 258.6 60.9 234.9 129.0 34.2 United States 15,533.8 11,667.0 698.4 207.6 366.0 1,962.8 429.5 2,300.0 1,079.1 246.7 Total (47) 48,686.6 34,597.3 3,037.0 1,011.3 1,206.8 6,274.2 1,314.4 5,570.6 2,803.6 876.1 LATIN AMERICA Bolivia 56.4 37.1 8.0 0.5 0.5 8.6 1.7 3.2 4.9 0.2 Brazil 2,816.3 1,905.7 246.1 43.2 36.7 263.0 98.4 359.0 158.0 31.2 Colombia 535.0 369.0 43.5 9.9 13.9 94.3 8.1 36.4 25.4 8.7 Costa Rica 59.8 47.0 6.3 0.4 1.3 5.4 1.9 4.8 6.3 1.5 Cubae … … … … … … … … … … Dominican Republic 109.0 97.6 16.3 4.2 2.2 19.2 2.1 7.9 7.1 3.6 Ecuador 151.6 103.2 13.7 2.4 2.5 21.9 4.3 11.3 10.3 3.8 El Salvador 46.0 45.5 7.3 0.7 1.3 12.8 2.5 4.4 3.4 1.5 Guatemala 102.4 91.4 22.2 1.0 3.2 16.9 4.4 7.1 4.7 4.4 Haiti 15.6 16.9 6.3 0.5 0.5 3.2 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.1 Honduras 33.8 29.1 6.0 0.9 0.7 5.7 0.8 3.1 1.9 0.5 Nicaragua 24.2 21.1 3.2 0.5 0.4 6.2 0.8 2.7 1.6 0.4 Panama 57.2 39.5 4.3 0.2 1.4 12.2 1.9 3.2 3.8 1.7 Paraguay 47.2 36.7 6.7 0.5 0.9 6.2 2.0 3.5 2.0 1.4 Peru 327.2 213.0 33.2 4.3 8.0 31.7 6.1 19.6 16.1 5.7 72 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 1.4 1.3 1.2 3.0 13.4 4.3 2.6 10.6 3.4 7.1 30.2 11.4 0.5 4.8 0.6 1.3 15.1 5.3 4.2 3.8 0.7 4.1 28.2 11.9 0.7 1.1 1.2 1.1 6.4 2.1 1.6 1.7 0.4 1.3 11.4 5.3 45.1 406.2 44.0 132.5 1,078.4 325.8 162.9 341.6 66.2 329.7 1,914.6 927.3 0.2 1.6 0.8 0.5 5.9 2.1 1.7 1.2 0.2 1.2 10.3 4.9 34.4 52.1 14.9 80.9 312.7 159.8 78.5 133.2 35.8 87.6 646.7 262.5 8.2 15.8 5.8 10.2 76.9 27.8 12.9 22.0 7.0 12.8 134.9 62.2 14.0 15.6 5.0 21.4 115.5 49.8 21.4 62.4 19.9 31.3 250.3 94.0 39.4 102.7 9.8 74.2 482.3 183.1 82.2 127.8 35.3 96.2 848.9 403.6 11.5 30.4 19.0 21.7 160.5 43.4 28.9 55.9 10.1 51.6 283.9 137.1 13.0 50.8 6.3 15.9 176.7 82.0 38.0 80.2 13.5 85.1 360.8 148.7 78.2 374.0 34.2 179.1 1,633.9 701.7 352.4 415.4 123.3 282.8 2,988.9 1,341.0 2.8 15.4 1.2 6.3 54.4 25.8 9.5 13.0 3.0 11.6 97.3 43.0 6.6 14.4 3.2 8.9 70.1 26.1 18.8 25.2 5.9 16.0 135.1 57.4 2.7 4.9 1.9 3.8 30.5 10.2 6.2 10.9 3.6 6.9 56.8 25.6 71.6 117.5 134.0 97.2 788.8 248.5 150.9 347.8 74.5 235.1 1,494.6 668.8 21.4 27.4 8.1 41.4 183.6 91.6 32.6 72.7 28.7 34.2 364.8 143.7 19.4 20.0 13.5 36.3 207.9 25.3 18.5 93.9 39.6 41.8 346.6 179.0 32.3 279.3 42.5 65.7 793.4 260.6 111.7 253.8 88.4 171.3 1,411.3 604.7 174.4 172.6 101.1 206.6 1,311.9 408.7 202.1 351.5 67.1 231.4 2,227.0 1,105.6 996.1 930.9 670.7 1,803.2 10,711.8 955.2 1,570.9 2,828.2 1,014.6 1,295.0 16,102.5 9,105.2 2,501.7 4,099.4 1,822.7 4,690.5 28,697.9 7,058.7 4,588.4 9,256.7 2,881.8 5,530.0 48,802.6 23,862.9 0.2 4.5 2.2 1.1 34.9 1.0 6.5 8.7 2.4 5.4 52.6 29.0 63.6 374.8 85.7 238.4 1,506.8 488.8 316.9 611.4 148.1 458.2 2,840.5 1,272.4 15.1 68.1 27.9 40.0 318.6 46.5 62.1 105.0 20.1 102.2 536.2 253.5 3.6 8.7 1.8 2.7 39.4 7.2 4.2 10.4 2.2 9.5 62.7 34.1 … … … … … … … … … … … … 1.6 14.7 7.7 11.4 88.4 5.1 8.0 13.6 1.9 16.3 118.1 73.3 3.8 22.5 3.0 9.0 89.0 13.1 11.0 34.0 4.6 19.1 154.0 73.2 1.6 6.3 1.7 2.5 40.7 3.6 3.2 4.6 1.2 3.7 53.4 32.4 2.2 10.3 4.7 4.4 81.7 7.2 6.9 12.7 3.3 10.4 110.7 65.7 0.3 1.7 0.0 0.4 16.1 0.2 0.0 4.1 0.0 7.3 21.1 13.5 0.9 5.7 1.4 2.1 25.8 2.8 2.6 7.3 2.0 4.8 39.6 21.3 0.5 5.1 0.9 1.7 18.3 2.5 2.7 3.4 0.7 3.1 26.9 14.0 1.7 5.8 1.4 3.5 34.1 5.1 4.8 11.2 2.7 9.7 56.5 26.1 1.5 8.6 1.3 3.3 31.9 4.3 2.2 6.5 1.2 6.0 45.5 27.3 10.1 42.0 13.3 22.4 188.7 19.0 24.3 66.1 11.7 69.3 310.3 157.8 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 73 Table 2.5 (Continued) REAL EXPENDITURES Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, (US$, billions) beverages, water, household Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) Uruguay 58.7 43.6 5.7 0.9 1.1 11.3 1.6 6.6 2.3 1.9 Venezuela, RB 500.3 302.7 30.3 5.0 4.3 44.6 6.2 35.7 48.2 16.4 Total (17) 4,940.8 3,399.3 459.0 75.0 79.0 563.3 143.3 509.4 296.8 83.1 CARIBBEAN Anguilla 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Antigua and Barbuda 1.8 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 Aruba 3.7 2.4 0.1 0.0 0.1 1.0 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 Bahamas, The 8.3 5.7 0.4 0.1 0.2 2.1 0.1 0.7 0.4 0.2 Barbados 4.3 3.5 0.4 0.0 0.1 2.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 Belize 2.6 2.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 1.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 Bermuda 3.6 2.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 f Bonaire … … 0.0 0.0 0.0 … 0.0 … 0.0 0.0 Cayman Islands 2.8 1.9 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 Curaçao 4.2 3.1 0.2 0.0 0.2 1.4 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 Dominica 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 Grenada 1.2 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 Jamaica 22.9 19.9 3.2 0.2 0.3 4.0 0.8 1.7 1.8 0.7 Montserrat 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 St. Kitts and Nevis 1.1 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 St. Lucia 1.8 1.3 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1.1 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 Sint Maarten 1.2 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 Suriname 7.8 3.2 0.6 0.1 0.1 1.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 Trinidad and Tobago 38.3 20.9 2.8 0.1 0.2 3.4 0.5 2.4 1.6 0.4 Turks and Caicos Islands 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Virgin Islands, British 0.9 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total (22) 109.3 72.7 9.0 0.8 1.7 19.8 2.1 7.6 5.7 2.3 WESTERN ASIA Bahrain 51.8 22.3 2.1 0.1 1.0 5.2 1.1 1.6 2.9 1.2 Egypt, Arab Rep.a 843.8 679.1 133.0 12.6 32.0 200.1 16.8 119.8 28.0 14.6 Iraq 371.0 179.4 29.4 0.6 6.5 73.4 5.1 21.1 9.8 2.7 Jordan 69.8 55.4 8.0 1.4 2.4 19.2 1.6 6.7 3.8 1.9 Kuwait 257.7 67.1 8.1 0.1 4.1 24.2 5.5 4.9 6.3 1.7 Oman 140.4 50.0 6.1 0.1 2.5 10.8 1.5 4.0 8.3 2.0 Qatar 258.1 36.2 3.4 0.1 1.2 8.5 1.2 2.7 4.4 0.8 Saudi Arabia 1,366.7 505.0 49.0 1.5 21.2 177.0 24.0 48.4 35.6 17.2 Sudanb 152.4 97.5 28.1 0.4 6.5 17.0 4.8 3.1 4.7 1.3 United Arab Emirates 503.2 243.5 22.6 0.5 29.8 84.7 9.0 3.7 41.9 17.5 74 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 1.1 5.9 2.6 3.7 37.1 6.4 4.0 10.8 2.0 10.5 58.9 28.5 9.7 82.6 22.2 11.8 256.9 47.8 42.5 84.6 14.8 91.0 449.3 217.9 117.7 667.3 177.7 358.6 2,808.5 660.6 501.9 994.2 218.8 826.4 4,936.4 2,339.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.5 1.7 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.2 1.7 1.1 0.6 1.3 0.2 1.4 4.2 1.1 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.8 4.9 0.8 1.4 2.6 0.8 1.9 9.6 3.5 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.3 2.9 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.7 5.1 1.5 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 1.8 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 2.7 1.0 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.3 2.0 0.6 0.4 1.2 0.5 0.5 4.0 1.6 … … 0.0 … 0.2 … … … … … … 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 1.7 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.5 3.0 1.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.6 2.6 0.5 0.5 1.5 0.5 0.6 5.2 1.8 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.8 0.4 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.2 1.4 0.7 1.3 4.2 1.7 2.1 16.8 3.0 2.8 4.4 1.1 3.5 27.4 13.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.3 1.2 0.4 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.5 2.1 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.3 1.3 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4 2.8 0.2 1.4 2.4 1.1 0.7 7.3 2.4 1.1 6.8 1.3 3.0 15.0 9.1 1.2 6.3 1.7 4.6 29.5 13.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.2 3.5 15.3 4.4 8.9 58.3 17.4 11.8 23.9 6.9 16.7 109.4 44.8 1.4 4.1 0.9 1.4 19.6 2.7 4.3 9.1 1.3 10.5 35.6 17.6 16.3 142.5 14.2 48.7 574.7 96.0 124.8 85.2 16.0 83.7 867.2 448.5 1.5 59.4 1.1 3.6 133.0 61.4 90.9 53.6 12.7 46.1 309.2 90.8 0.7 16.2 0.7 1.4 45.8 10.8 11.5 11.8 1.6 12.4 79.2 33.6 1.9 8.8 1.2 3.1 57.2 10.8 21.4 45.7 9.6 34.2 133.6 44.7 1.4 10.1 1.0 3.9 40.4 10.9 16.8 41.3 7.3 37.9 101.2 34.6 2.4 6.9 0.6 4.9 30.2 7.3 15.3 105.3 25.4 31.0 133.8 24.6 12.4 130.7 15.0 23.2 381.9 143.7 129.3 369.7 66.9 322.0 1,034.1 295.3 1.8 9.8 2.2 2.5 87.4 2.4 19.5 33.1 6.6 33.3 154.6 74.0 5.6 16.5 6.8 10.4 243.5 4.3 22.0 155.6 34.2 118.5 400.2 181.8 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 75 Table 2.5 (Continued) REAL EXPENDITURES Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, (US$, billions) beverages, water, household Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) West Bank and Gaza 16.0 17.0 3.5 0.3 1.0 1.9 0.7 2.5 0.9 0.5 Yemen, Rep. 88.6 65.8 13.3 3.3 3.1 18.1 1.1 12.0 2.9 0.5 Total (12) 4,119.5 2,018.3 306.8 21.1 111.3 640.1 72.2 230.6 149.6 62.0 SINGLETONS Georgia 28.3 27.1 4.3 1.4 0.3 9.1 0.6 5.0 1.3 0.9 Iran, Islamic Rep. 1,314.2 644.5 82.8 4.0 14.3 221.8 13.1 113.7 31.5 30.7 Total (2) 1,342.6 671.6 87.1 5.3 14.7 230.9 13.7 118.7 32.8 31.6 WORLDg (179) 90,646.6 58,230.1 6,854.0 1,440.2 2,368.2 11,063.6 2,023.0 9,325.5 4,258.7 1,604.8 Source: ICP, http://icp.worldbank.org/. Note: n.a. = not applicable; ... = data suppressed because of incompleteness. a. The Arab Republic of Egypt participated in both the Africa and Western Asia regions. The regional results for Egypt were averaged by taking the geometric mean of the regional PPPs, allowing Egypt to have the same global results in each region. b. Sudan participated in both the Africa and Western Asia regions. The regional results for Sudan were averaged by taking the geometric mean of the regional PPPs, allowing Sudan to have the same global results in each region. c. The results presented in the tables are based on data supplied by all the participating economies and compiled in accordance with ICP principles and the procedures recommended by the 2011 ICP Technical Advisory Group. The results for China are estimated by the 2011 ICP Asia and the Pacific Regional Office and the Global Office. The National Bureau of Statistics of China does not recognize these results as official statistics. d. The Russian Federation participated in both the CIS and Eurostat-OECD comparisons. The PPPs for Russia are based on the Eurostat-OECD comparison. They were the basis for linking the CIS comparison to the ICP. e. The official GDP of Cuba for reference year 2011 is 68,990.15 million in national currency. However, this number and its breakdown into main aggregates are not shown in the tables because of methodological comparability issues. Therefore, Cuba’s results are provided only for the PPP and price level index. In addition, Cuba’s figures are not included in the Latin America and world totals. f. Bonaire’s results are provided only for the individual consumption expenditure by households. Therefore, to ensure consistency across the tables, Bonaire is not included in the Caribbean or the world total. g. This table does not include the Pacific Islands and does not double count the dual participation economies: the Arab Republic of Egypt, Sudan, and the Russian Federation. 76 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 0.4 4.0 0.3 1.2 13.4 4.1 4.5 2.9 0.3 3.1 23.7 11.9 0.2 12.7 0.0 2.7 55.7 10.0 14.5 8.6 0.4 9.5 91.2 45.3 45.9 421.7 44.0 107.0 1,682.6 364.4 474.8 921.8 182.3 742.3 3,363.6 1,302.6 1.4 8.4 0.5 1.7 21.4 4.3 6.3 3.3 1.1 1.9 34.3 16.2 12.7 181.6 4.3 51.1 511.3 137.8 208.6 220.0 47.7 234.2 1,169.0 380.2 14.1 190.0 4.8 52.7 532.7 142.2 214.9 223.4 48.9 236.1 1,203.3 396.4 3,327.8 8,870.0 2,747.5 6,594.3 48,108.7 11,891.4 8,284.1 21,137.9 4,770.3 17,993.4 89,283.4 39,852.6 Presentation and Analysis of Results 77 Table 2.6 Shares of World Real Expenditures (World = 100), ICP 2011 Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, REAL EXPENDITURES: beverages, water, household COUNTRY AND REGIONAL Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment SHARES (world = 100)a domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) AFRICA Algeria 0.50 0.40 0.60 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.60 Angola 0.20 0.10 0.30 0.40 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.00 Benin 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Botswana 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Burkina Faso 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Burundi 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cameroon 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 Cape Verde 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Central African Republic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Chad 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Comoros 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Congo, Rep. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Côte d’Ivoire 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 Djibouti 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Egypt, Arab Rep.b 0.90 1.20 1.90 0.90 1.40 1.80 0.80 1.30 0.70 0.90 Equatorial Guinea 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ethiopia 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 Gabon 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gambia, The 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ghana 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.40 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 Guinea 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Guinea-Bissau 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Kenya 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 Lesotho 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Liberia 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Madagascar 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 Malawi 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Mali 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Mauritania 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Mauritius 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Morocco 0.20 0.20 0.40 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.40 Mozambique 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Namibia 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Niger 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Nigeria 0.60 0.60 0.90 0.30 2.40 0.40 1.10 0.30 0.40 0.30 Rwanda 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 São Tomé and Príncipe 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 78 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Individual Collective consumption Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross expenditure Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery by households and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic without culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 0.20 1.00 0.20 0.60 0.30 1.30 1.00 0.50 0.40 0.60 0.50 0.30 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.50 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 1.60 0.50 0.70 1.20 0.80 1.50 0.40 0.30 0.50 1.00 1.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.30 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.40 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 1.20 0.00 0.30 0.60 0.40 0.70 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 79 Table 2.6 (Continued) Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, REAL EXPENDITURES: beverages, water, household COUNTRY AND REGIONAL Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment SHARES (world = 100)a domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) Senegal 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.10 Seychelles 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Sierra Leone 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 South Africa 0.70 0.70 0.80 1.20 0.70 0.60 0.80 0.70 0.90 0.80 Sudanc 0.20 0.20 0.40 0.00 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.10 0.10 Swaziland 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Tanzania 0.10 0.10 0.30 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 Togo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Tunisia 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 Uganda 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 Zambia 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Zimbabwe 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total (50) 4.50 4.90 8.20 4.80 7.20 4.70 5.30 3.70 3.90 4.10 ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Bangladesh 0.50 0.50 1.40 0.60 0.70 0.70 0.40 0.30 0.10 0.30 Bhutan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Brunei Darussalam 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cambodia 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 Chinad 14.90 10.00 10.80 5.50 13.60 9.60 8.40 16.10 6.00 18.00 Fiji 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hong Kong SAR, China 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.10 0.60 0.40 0.50 0.20 0.30 0.60 India 6.40 6.30 10.10 4.80 12.60 5.90 3.90 4.90 6.30 3.10 Indonesia 2.30 2.00 3.90 0.80 1.40 2.60 1.20 0.60 1.20 1.30 Lao PDR 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Macao SAR, China 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Malaysia 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.60 0.40 0.30 0.60 1.00 Maldives 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Mongolia 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Myanmar 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.30 0.00 0.10 Nepal 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 Pakistan 0.90 1.20 2.50 0.40 1.20 1.90 0.60 1.30 0.50 0.80 Philippines 0.60 0.70 1.60 0.40 0.20 0.60 0.60 0.20 0.70 0.50 Singapore 0.40 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.20 Sri Lanka 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.60 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.20 Taiwan, China 1.00 1.00 0.60 0.60 1.20 0.90 0.80 1.20 1.00 2.30 Thailand 1.00 1.00 1.30 0.80 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.80 1.10 0.80 Vietnam 0.50 0.50 0.60 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.60 0.20 0.10 Total (23) 30.00 25.10 35.20 15.80 33.70 25.30 18.40 27.30 18.70 29.40 80 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Individual Collective consumption Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross expenditure Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery by households and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic without culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 1.00 0.20 0.70 0.70 0.70 1.00 0.60 0.60 0.50 0.70 0.70 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.90 7.40 2.10 3.40 4.90 4.60 6.80 3.40 2.90 4.00 4.60 4.90 0.00 0.60 0.20 0.10 0.60 0.10 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.80 0.50 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 10.40 13.10 10.90 6.00 9.10 16.10 10.50 27.10 16.70 34.60 14.60 9.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.10 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.10 0.20 0.40 0.50 0.30 0.40 0.40 1.20 4.80 2.20 6.20 6.80 2.70 6.00 6.70 4.50 9.00 6.80 6.80 0.60 3.20 2.80 0.80 2.10 1.30 1.60 3.10 0.90 5.60 2.30 2.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.90 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.60 0.60 0.50 0.60 0.60 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 1.10 0.20 0.50 1.30 0.40 0.90 0.30 0.20 0.40 0.90 1.30 0.20 1.00 0.50 0.60 0.80 0.20 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.50 0.60 0.80 0.60 0.20 0.60 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.30 0.50 0.40 0.50 0.30 0.20 0.00 0.30 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.20 1.60 1.10 1.20 1.10 1.10 0.50 0.90 0.80 0.90 0.70 0.90 1.10 0.70 1.40 1.80 0.60 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.30 0.80 1.00 1.00 0.30 1.20 0.40 0.10 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.50 0.20 0.70 0.50 0.40 17.30 30.50 23.30 17.60 25.00 24.40 23.80 42.50 26.90 55.20 30.00 25.00 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 81 Table 2.6 (Continued) Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, REAL EXPENDITURES: beverages, water, household COUNTRY AND REGIONAL Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment SHARES (world = 100)a domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES Armenia 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 Azerbaijan 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 Belarus 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.50 0.10 0.30 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.30 Kazakhstan 0.40 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.50 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.40 Kyrgyz Republic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 Moldova 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Russian Federatione 3.50 3.70 4.70 12.70 4.20 4.20 2.90 2.50 2.80 5.80 Tajikistan 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 Ukraine 0.40 0.60 1.00 1.70 0.40 1.00 0.40 0.60 0.40 0.40 Total (9) 4.80 5.10 6.80 15.70 5.30 6.40 3.90 3.80 3.80 7.50 EUROSTAT-OECD Albania 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Australia 1.10 1.10 0.70 1.10 0.70 0.90 1.20 0.80 1.20 1.10 Austria 0.40 0.40 0.20 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.60 0.30 0.40 0.30 Belgium 0.50 0.50 0.40 0.70 0.40 0.40 0.60 0.50 0.50 0.30 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 Bulgaria 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.30 0.00 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.20 Canada 1.60 1.60 0.80 1.50 1.40 1.70 1.80 1.40 2.30 1.20 Chile 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.50 0.30 0.50 0.40 Croatia 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.30 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 Cyprus 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 Czech Republic 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.90 0.10 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.20 0.20 Denmark 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.20 Estonia 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Finland 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.20 France 2.60 3.00 2.50 3.50 2.40 2.80 3.40 2.90 3.30 2.30 Germany 3.70 4.00 2.70 5.10 3.50 3.60 5.20 4.40 4.00 4.00 Greece 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.70 0.30 0.50 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.30 Hungary 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.70 0.10 0.30 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.20 Iceland 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ireland 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 Israel 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.20 0.40 0.30 Italy 2.30 2.50 2.20 2.70 3.60 2.40 3.70 2.20 2.70 2.00 Japan 4.80 5.40 3.40 6.20 3.50 5.50 5.60 4.90 5.30 6.00 Korea, Rep. 1.60 1.50 0.80 1.30 1.00 1.70 1.00 1.70 1.50 2.70 Latvia 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lithuania 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 82 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Individual Collective consumption Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross expenditure Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery by households and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic without culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.50 0.10 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.80 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.50 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.40 4.20 1.20 2.60 3.40 5.90 4.30 2.00 2.60 1.60 3.30 3.40 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.30 1.20 0.10 0.30 0.50 1.20 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.50 0.50 3.10 7.20 1.70 3.30 4.70 8.40 5.50 2.60 3.40 2.10 4.50 4.60 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 1.90 0.80 1.30 1.40 1.10 1.10 0.90 1.10 1.40 0.70 1.00 1.10 0.60 0.20 0.80 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.40 0.60 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.60 0.40 0.40 0.60 0.50 0.70 0.40 0.50 0.70 0.40 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 2.20 1.10 1.60 2.00 1.60 1.80 1.60 1.60 1.50 1.40 1.60 1.50 0.40 0.70 0.30 0.50 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 0.30 0.40 0.20 0.30 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.40 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.40 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 3.80 2.10 3.30 3.50 2.70 4.50 2.40 2.30 2.70 1.90 2.70 2.70 4.70 2.40 3.40 5.30 3.80 5.20 2.70 2.70 4.60 1.90 3.50 3.80 0.30 0.30 0.80 0.30 0.40 0.30 0.50 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.40 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.20 2.50 1.60 3.90 2.20 2.40 2.80 2.00 2.10 3.00 1.50 2.30 2.40 6.80 3.00 6.00 8.40 5.10 6.90 5.10 4.20 6.90 2.40 4.90 4.80 1.60 1.60 1.50 1.90 1.50 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.10 1.50 1.60 1.40 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 83 Table 2.6 (Continued) Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, REAL EXPENDITURES: beverages, water, household COUNTRY AND REGIONAL Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment SHARES (world = 100)a domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) Luxembourg 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 Macedonia, FYR 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Malta 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Mexico 2.10 2.40 3.40 2.20 1.50 1.80 2.80 1.10 3.60 2.20 Montenegro 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Netherlands 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.90 0.70 0.70 0.80 New Zealand 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.10 Norway 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.30 0.30 Poland 0.90 1.10 1.20 2.00 0.50 1.50 0.90 1.10 0.70 0.80 Portugal 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.30 0.30 0.30 Romania 0.40 0.40 0.60 0.60 0.20 0.40 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.50 e Russian Federation 3.50 3.70 4.70 12.70 4.20 4.20 2.90 2.50 2.80 5.80 Serbia 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.00 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 Slovak Republic 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.10 Slovenia 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 Spain 1.60 1.70 1.70 2.20 1.90 1.50 1.80 1.50 1.60 1.00 Sweden 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.50 0.40 0.50 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.70 Switzerland 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.80 0.30 0.30 0.50 0.40 0.40 0.50 Turkey 1.50 1.70 2.00 1.60 1.80 2.20 2.80 1.20 1.90 1.30 United Kingdom 2.40 2.80 1.80 2.60 4.00 2.30 3.00 2.50 3.00 2.10 United States 17.10 20.00 10.20 14.40 15.50 17.70 21.20 24.70 25.30 15.40 Total (47) 53.70 59.40 44.30 70.20 51.00 56.70 65.00 59.70 65.80 54.60 LATIN AMERICA Bolivia 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 Brazil 3.10 3.30 3.60 3.00 1.50 2.40 4.90 3.80 3.70 1.90 Colombia 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.70 0.60 0.90 0.40 0.40 0.60 0.50 Costa Rica 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 f Cuba … … … … … … … … … … Dominican Republic 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.20 Ecuador 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 El Salvador 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.10 Guatemala 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.30 Haiti 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Honduras 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Nicaragua 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Panama 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.10 Paraguay 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.10 Peru 0.40 0.40 0.50 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.40 0.40 84 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Individual Collective consumption Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross expenditure Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery by households and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic without culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.40 4.60 1.60 2.00 2.20 2.70 2.00 1.60 1.40 1.80 2.10 2.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.60 0.50 1.20 0.60 1.30 0.90 0.60 0.80 0.50 0.70 0.70 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.40 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.20 0.30 0.20 1.20 1.20 0.40 1.10 1.00 1.50 1.00 0.60 0.70 0.50 1.00 1.00 0.30 0.30 0.70 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.60 0.20 0.20 0.40 0.70 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.50 0.40 0.40 2.40 4.20 1.20 2.70 3.40 5.90 4.30 2.00 2.60 1.60 3.30 3.40 0.10 0.20 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.10 2.20 1.30 4.90 1.50 1.60 2.10 1.80 1.60 1.60 1.30 1.70 1.70 0.60 0.30 0.30 0.60 0.40 0.80 0.40 0.30 0.60 0.20 0.40 0.40 0.60 0.20 0.50 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.40 0.80 0.20 0.40 0.40 1.00 3.10 1.50 1.00 1.60 2.20 1.30 1.20 1.90 1.00 1.60 1.50 5.20 1.90 3.70 3.10 2.70 3.40 2.40 1.70 1.40 1.30 2.50 2.80 29.90 10.50 24.40 27.30 22.30 8.00 19.00 13.40 21.30 7.20 18.00 22.80 75.20 46.20 66.30 71.10 59.70 59.40 55.40 43.80 60.40 30.70 54.70 59.90 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.10 1.90 4.20 3.10 3.60 3.10 4.10 3.80 2.90 3.10 2.50 3.20 3.20 0.50 0.80 1.00 0.60 0.70 0.40 0.70 0.50 0.40 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 … … … … … … … … … … … … 0.00 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.30 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.30 0.50 0.50 0.30 0.40 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.40 0.30 0.40 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 85 Table 2.6 (Continued) Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, REAL EXPENDITURES: beverages, water, household COUNTRY AND REGIONAL Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment SHARES (world = 100)a domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) Uruguay 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 Venezuela, RB 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.40 0.30 0.40 1.10 1.00 Total (17) 5.50 5.80 6.70 5.20 3.30 5.10 7.10 5.50 7.00 5.20 CARIBBEAN Anguilla 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Antigua and Barbuda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Aruba 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Bahamas, The 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Barbados 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Belize 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Bermuda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 g Bonaire … … … … … … … … … … Cayman Islands 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Curaçao 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Dominica 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Grenada 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Jamaica 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Montserrat 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 St. Kitts and Nevis 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 St. Lucia 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Sint Maarten 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Suriname 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Trinidad and Tobago 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Turks and Caicos Islands 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Virgin Islands, British 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total (22) 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 WESTERN ASIA Bahrain 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.10 b Egypt, Arab Rep. 0.90 1.20 1.90 0.90 1.40 1.80 0.80 1.30 0.70 0.90 Iraq 0.40 0.30 0.40 0.00 0.30 0.70 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 Jordan 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 Kuwait 0.30 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.10 0.10 Oman 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.20 0.10 Qatar 0.30 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.10 Saudi Arabia 1.50 0.90 0.70 0.10 0.90 1.60 1.20 0.50 0.80 1.10 c Sudan 0.20 0.20 0.40 0.00 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.10 0.10 United Arab Emirates 0.60 0.40 0.30 0.00 1.30 0.80 0.40 0.00 1.00 1.10 West Bank and Gaza 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 86 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Individual Collective consumption Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross expenditure Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery by households and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic without culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.30 0.90 0.80 0.20 0.50 0.40 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.50 0.50 0.50 3.50 7.50 6.50 5.40 5.80 5.60 6.10 4.70 4.60 4.60 5.50 5.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 … … … … … … … … … … … … 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.50 1.60 0.50 0.70 1.20 0.80 1.50 0.40 0.30 0.50 1.00 1.10 0.00 0.70 0.00 0.10 0.30 0.50 1.10 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.40 1.50 0.50 0.40 0.80 1.20 1.60 1.70 1.40 1.80 1.20 0.70 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.00 0.30 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.40 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 87 Table 2.6 (Continued) Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, REAL EXPENDITURES: beverages, water, household COUNTRY AND REGIONAL Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment SHARES (world = 100)a domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) Yemen, Rep. 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 Total (12) 4.50 3.50 4.50 1.50 4.70 5.80 3.60 2.50 3.50 3.90 SINGLETONS Georgia 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.10 Iran, Islamic Rep. 1.40 1.10 1.20 0.30 0.60 2.00 0.60 1.20 0.70 1.90 Total (2) 1.50 1.20 1.30 0.40 0.60 2.10 0.70 1.30 0.80 2.00 WORLDh (179) 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Source: ICP, http://icp.worldbank.org/. Note: n.a. = not applicable; ... = data suppressed because of incompleteness. a. All shares are rounded to one decimal place. More precision can be found in the Excel version of the table, which can be downloaded from the ICP website. b. The Arab Republic of Egypt participated in both the Africa and Western Asia regions. The regional results for Egypt were averaged by taking the geometric mean of the regional PPPs, allowing Egypt to have the same global results in each region. c. Sudan participated in both the Africa and Western Asia regions.The regional results for Sudan were averaged by taking the geometric mean of the regional PPPs, allowing Sudan to have the same global results in each region. d. The results presented in the tables are based on data supplied by all the participating economies and compiled in accordance with ICP principles and the procedures recommended by the 2011 ICP Technical Advisory Group. The results for China are estimated by the 2011 ICP Asia and the Pacific Regional Office and the Global Office. The National Bureau of Statistics of China does not recognize these results as official statistics. e. The Russian Federation participated in both the CIS and Eurostat-OECD comparisons. The PPPs for Russia are based on the Eurostat-OECD comparison. They were the basis for linking the CIS comparison to the ICP. f. The official GDP of Cuba for reference year 2011 is 68,990.15 million in national currency. However, this number and its breakdown into main aggregates are not shown in the tables because of methodological comparability issues. Therefore, Cuba’s results are provided only for the PPP and price level index. In addition, Cuba’s figures are not included in the Latin America and world totals. g. Bonaire’s results are provided only for the individual consumption expenditure by households. Therefore, to ensure consistency across the tables, Bonaire is not included in the Caribbean or the world total. h. This table does not include the Pacific Islands and does not double count the dual participation economies: the Arab Republic of Egypt, Sudan, and the Russian Federation. 88 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Individual Collective consumption Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross expenditure Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery by households and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic without culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 1.40 4.80 1.60 1.60 3.50 3.10 5.70 4.40 3.80 4.10 3.80 3.30 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 2.00 0.20 0.80 1.10 1.20 2.50 1.00 1.00 1.30 1.30 1.00 0.40 2.10 0.20 0.80 1.10 1.20 2.60 1.10 1.00 1.30 1.30 1.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Presentation and Analysis of Results 89 Table 2.7 Real Expenditures Per Capita in U.S. Dollars, ICP 2011 REAL EXPENDITURES Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, PER CAPITA (US$) beverages, water, household Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) AFRICA Algeria 13,195 6,270 1,071 69 126 366 110 985 658 285 Angola 7,288 4,319 1,050 288 182 579 159 325 190 35 Benin 1,766 1,473 397 45 63 170 27 86 85 38 Botswana 13,409 6,780 758 379 469 688 243 626 889 208 Burkina Faso 1,343 953 258 58 22 143 29 61 39 26 Burundi 712 648 152 53 7 178 4 46 18 4 Cameroon 2,757 2,297 641 54 150 294 121 48 122 20 Cape Verde 6,126 4,747 997 196 104 983 262 444 206 194 Central African Republic 897 869 248 71 69 82 27 26 21 4 Chad 1,984 1,476 404 58 34 155 62 196 93 35 Comoros 610 621 180 1 17 260 12 10 8 2 Congo, Rep. 5,830 1,513 281 64 37 339 36 227 78 52 Congo, Dem. Rep. 655 447 121 10 20 95 12 41 8 4 Côte d’Ivoire 2,669 1,979 480 57 57 271 120 170 139 37 Djibouti 2,412 1,719 319 124 48 669 71 80 72 6 a Egypt, Arab Rep. 10,599 8,529 1,670 159 402 2,514 210 1,505 352 183 Equatorial Guinea 39,440 4,916 962 147 151 961 111 847 285 182 Ethiopia 1,214 979 202 19 43 172 59 166 10 4 Gabon 16,483 5,976 916 504 289 1,051 217 685 458 181 Gambia, The 1,507 1,221 258 32 129 105 23 412 24 38 Ghana 3,426 2,242 380 26 333 349 113 192 138 34 Guinea 1,287 789 197 10 59 186 23 113 28 1 Guinea-Bissau 1,365 928 262 14 64 161 40 50 41 4 Kenya 2,136 1,937 384 69 53 229 63 271 101 74 Lesotho 2,130 2,524 399 52 310 366 136 197 55 60 Liberia 537 606 87 17 90 121 28 26 11 17 Madagascar 1,412 1,332 323 34 106 87 131 52 87 7 Malawi 973 1,006 256 44 31 244 64 97 33 14 Mali 1,509 1,047 291 15 58 112 39 90 75 18 Mauritania 3,191 2,089 697 17 85 258 42 153 63 59 Mauritius 15,506 11,812 2,127 616 802 2,597 646 1,148 805 416 Morocco 6,764 4,309 840 67 157 1,118 139 348 263 192 Mozambique 951 890 260 37 45 105 15 39 50 9 Namibia 8,360 5,827 690 231 362 1,021 372 1,004 175 56 Niger 852 719 156 14 75 89 31 49 36 10 Nigeria 3,146 2,075 387 31 345 263 139 151 108 27 Rwanda 1,337 1,293 367 32 36 319 36 66 40 13 São Tomé and Príncipe 3,045 3,340 972 134 121 384 73 300 217 35 90 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 153 2,383 120 1,078 3,983 4,311 2,202 3,054 585 2,922 11,890 3,787 61 547 70 508 3,423 1,122 2,319 1,493 207 1,800 7,757 3,039 16 195 96 62 1,286 138 191 261 45 290 1,919 1,096 152 2,447 170 596 5,396 1,801 1,848 5,051 819 6,049 14,305 4,794 15 102 28 30 840 69 245 168 31 159 1,424 712 4 161 19 16 537 125 145 83 16 77 845 392 24 137 103 60 2,063 105 298 411 104 322 2,966 1,760 35 967 529 324 3,907 945 766 2,374 471 2,246 8,133 3,164 11 116 13 35 770 54 47 108 16 97 1,012 679 30 83 7 39 1,316 75 111 403 89 293 2,040 1,121 4 52 0 18 563 8 180 72 16 62 866 375 30 311 88 63 1,265 256 325 1,492 146 2,023 3,546 1,064 5 79 16 10 393 31 91 120 23 117 653 317 43 191 24 105 1,746 164 238 243 38 275 2,247 1,482 14 284 11 39 1,482 206 566 626 89 804 2,963 1,091 205 1,789 179 612 7,218 1,206 1,568 1,070 201 1,051 10,892 5,633 59 788 129 284 4,340 482 497 13,909 3,019 9,000 18,710 3,692 4 159 46 129 863 65 106 213 26 250 1,321 755 131 691 205 219 5,104 823 1,836 2,921 454 1,229 10,609 4,304 33 311 7 66 1,051 141 167 261 63 190 1,640 932 18 1,017 1 104 1,868 398 474 843 159 837 3,601 1,665 5 118 7 21 701 32 102 197 56 121 1,116 554 25 106 3 17 810 72 374 136 26 133 1,362 719 50 566 92 164 1,563 437 178 325 75 289 2,417 1,301 77 476 20 173 2,098 462 462 495 57 645 3,456 1,714 10 287 3 52 551 6 84 63 23 16 779 453 49 164 53 25 1,187 73 110 156 28 165 1,557 1,082 15 119 14 28 885 90 57 131 42 49 1,151 706 33 137 11 32 905 113 241 251 50 238 1,525 784 16 435 8 40 1,699 469 643 1,234 264 989 3,356 1,436 679 2,453 223 762 9,927 2,015 1,928 3,637 515 4,298 17,674 8,603 154 1,157 175 285 3,495 967 789 2,160 341 2,493 7,580 2,706 19 106 8 58 782 82 54 138 25 151 1,082 664 202 2,519 227 670 4,689 1,382 1,506 2,021 310 2,387 9,109 3,939 28 104 25 48 637 47 94 245 59 205 1,071 557 19 670 1 108 1,768 281 364 261 65 185 2,634 1,620 15 132 30 49 1,178 62 87 200 22 262 1,538 924 33 547 30 81 2,864 415 484 553 159 243 4,372 2,469 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 91 Table 2.7 (Continued) REAL EXPENDITURES Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, PER CAPITA (US$) beverages, water, household Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) Senegal 2,243 1,923 531 21 73 473 88 101 58 73 Seychelles 22,569 13,113 3,040 158 462 3,668 358 1,936 455 235 Sierra Leone 1,369 1,194 228 37 130 158 25 431 21 20 South Africa 12,111 8,280 1,054 347 318 1,295 313 1,235 729 243 Sudanb 3,608 2,309 666 9 154 403 112 74 111 32 Swaziland 6,328 5,822 1,701 41 291 908 434 728 299 77 Tanzania 1,554 1,029 386 5 76 75 32 94 26 1 Togo 1,314 1,193 269 27 63 131 37 151 34 15 Tunisia 10,319 7,290 937 147 307 1,394 298 842 742 361 Uganda 1,597 1,390 283 60 37 273 52 73 44 22 Zambia 3,155 1,778 618 11 110 290 17 190 12 21 Zimbabwe 1,378 1,349 449 50 63 108 21 68 57 2 Total (50) 4,044 2,786 551 68 167 509 106 341 161 65 ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Bangladesh 2,800 2,138 633 53 113 518 50 167 42 31 Bhutan 7,199 3,998 751 55 307 826 43 785 240 142 Brunei Darussalam 74,397 15,683 2,160 32 564 2,374 300 1,288 2,187 544 Cambodia 2,717 2,277 606 82 50 325 30 423 91 5 c China 10,057 4,331 551 59 240 791 127 1,120 191 215 Fiji 7,558 5,397 1,186 148 154 1,063 339 491 285 20 Hong Kong SAR, China 50,129 32,690 2,648 267 1,884 5,752 1,396 2,996 1,570 1,458 India 4,735 3,023 571 57 245 536 65 377 221 40 Indonesia 8,539 4,805 1,102 47 137 1,200 98 242 216 89 Lao PDR 4,108 2,341 576 88 39 565 39 130 108 39 Macao SAR, China 115,441 23,649 1,538 176 1,351 3,831 291 2,230 1,496 1,082 Malaysia 20,926 11,082 1,225 91 165 2,388 286 1,044 940 546 Maldives 11,392 3,883 619 256 104 780 128 599 118 152 Mongolia 8,719 5,501 900 377 202 826 38 797 583 117 Myanmar 3,181 2,273 592 27 68 388 18 402 29 28 Nepal 2,221 1,848 641 42 53 299 24 208 20 25 Pakistan 4,450 3,926 973 32 159 1,214 71 663 127 75 Philippines 5,772 4,490 1,175 58 47 656 133 200 305 85 Singapore 72,296 24,725 1,263 197 805 3,748 964 2,846 2,079 582 Sri Lanka 8,111 6,393 1,489 412 200 1,247 87 797 255 153 Taiwan, China 39,059 25,129 1,854 385 1,209 4,202 673 4,768 1,801 1,572 Thailand 13,299 8,477 1,308 180 303 1,251 199 1,083 690 196 Vietnam 4,717 2,991 438 89 134 654 118 666 121 19 Total (23) 7,621 4,083 674 64 223 783 104 713 223 132 92 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 20 264 12 84 1,691 162 271 432 79 468 2,641 1,365 258 4,315 30 385 10,102 4,702 9,108 5,830 1,251 5,169 27,324 7,830 34 243 11 67 1,053 74 153 419 114 268 1,800 895 280 1,751 118 957 6,772 1,686 1,649 2,386 570 1,888 12,299 5,521 44 232 53 59 2,069 57 462 783 155 787 3,660 1,752 197 819 27 90 5,152 514 557 628 89 668 6,915 4,230 8 123 0 25 917 63 216 497 65 718 1,767 850 9 346 67 170 1,031 125 143 173 23 217 1,507 892 171 2,010 499 482 5,758 2,078 1,451 2,166 226 3,326 10,970 4,595 64 481 30 69 1,156 256 28 331 28 572 1,790 981 10 204 4 119 1,555 170 517 650 79 860 2,967 1,322 22 263 5 85 1,134 216 159 117 19 137 1,650 1,001 62 647 58 221 2,304 541 555 710 134 713 4,037 1,935 11 363 43 58 1,923 85 126 672 58 1,004 2,985 1,595 201 931 47 76 3,127 1,152 1,296 3,629 561 4,325 9,202 2,585 990 5,279 620 764 12,190 4,512 12,332 8,273 1,452 8,057 33,145 10,092 52 707 103 47 1,907 378 150 274 50 288 2,722 1,580 259 864 223 293 3,277 1,426 647 4,265 593 4,643 9,709 2,714 221 897 124 231 4,611 727 622 1,581 361 1,009 7,949 3,801 4,636 1,788 3,238 5,484 30,104 1,906 2,225 11,527 3,101 7,540 47,081 24,815 33 349 51 336 2,672 264 406 1,172 176 1,338 4,960 2,214 88 1,171 315 227 4,110 637 564 2,701 179 4,156 8,389 3,399 41 765 51 50 1,975 311 629 1,246 130 1,296 4,212 1,640 2,497 4,105 4,203 2,256 19,887 4,223 4,007 13,222 1,905 15,545 42,562 16,442 393 2,720 979 1,129 9,105 2,251 1,642 4,284 744 3,656 17,278 7,539 78 1,580 98 116 2,934 1,373 3,369 5,607 1,159 5,488 12,091 2,374 115 2,387 78 205 4,354 1,583 1,038 3,277 868 2,177 10,941 3,597 20 1,405 96 41 1,727 783 266 645 108 630 3,206 1,433 38 371 34 59 1,633 143 148 356 32 373 2,677 1,353 35 551 28 172 3,491 257 404 416 48 415 4,685 2,898 64 952 151 431 4,013 309 338 1,005 157 964 5,952 3,327 3,564 3,994 3,104 3,030 21,444 3,061 4,984 18,936 4,137 16,692 47,087 17,683 77 1,329 153 263 5,185 1,531 977 1,654 199 2,032 9,147 4,299 2,258 4,221 1,466 3,141 22,169 2,482 3,312 7,563 1,883 5,292 36,175 18,317 326 1,854 739 605 6,998 1,658 1,200 3,258 890 2,036 12,997 5,800 106 1,253 122 87 2,446 661 533 1,141 116 1,508 4,906 2,022 161 756 179 324 3,370 811 552 2,515 359 2,781 7,486 2,791 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 93 Table 2.7 (Continued) REAL EXPENDITURES Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, PER CAPITA (US$) beverages, water, household Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES Armenia 6,696 7,304 1,977 379 125 1,972 55 847 198 272 Azerbaijan 15,963 8,366 1,755 216 384 2,169 228 598 435 331 Belarus 16,603 11,576 2,020 792 324 3,170 239 1,878 422 567 Kazakhstan 20,772 11,411 1,560 364 431 3,098 293 1,714 742 433 Kyrgyz Republic 3,062 3,506 621 197 113 1,096 65 339 171 227 Moldova 4,179 5,653 940 441 161 1,381 222 369 265 188 Russian Federationd 22,502 15,175 2,236 1,275 702 3,279 415 1,638 828 652 Tajikistan 2,243 3,025 634 10 101 790 44 336 88 243 Ukraine 8,295 7,907 1,475 528 197 2,468 176 1,236 400 150 Total (9) 17,716 12,286 1,913 928 515 2,899 321 1,441 658 494 EUROSTAT-OECD Albania 9,963 8,116 1,860 254 181 1,182 294 880 181 86 Australia 42,000 27,089 2,164 702 773 4,398 1,110 3,336 2,338 786 Austria 42,978 27,677 2,017 1,091 1,454 5,504 1,363 3,308 2,225 577 Belgium 40,093 26,250 2,552 909 941 4,434 1,069 4,557 1,852 418 Bosnia and Herzegovina 9,629 8,468 1,546 657 151 1,864 312 936 348 160 Bulgaria 15,522 10,970 1,233 566 154 2,595 467 2,124 778 370 Canada 41,069 27,434 1,674 643 949 5,493 1,078 3,720 2,839 561 Chile 20,216 13,703 1,359 363 502 2,148 627 1,663 1,128 392 Croatia 20,308 13,740 1,830 873 377 3,300 545 2,481 771 419 Cyprus 31,229 22,957 2,141 1,057 1,140 5,061 947 2,473 1,813 1,194 Czech Republic 27,045 16,631 1,686 1,262 290 3,585 562 3,124 823 282 Denmark 41,843 26,288 2,021 882 920 4,807 992 4,160 1,648 504 Estonia 23,088 13,795 1,716 1,041 484 2,476 318 2,151 863 427 Finland 38,611 26,582 2,423 1,027 934 4,760 1,024 4,198 1,641 686 France 36,391 26,486 2,593 766 871 4,793 1,048 4,198 2,126 565 Germany 40,990 28,478 2,303 892 1,018 4,836 1,287 4,984 2,066 781 Greece 26,622 21,254 2,660 944 693 4,994 664 3,193 1,587 454 Hungary 22,413 14,664 1,383 989 234 3,186 389 3,073 751 260 Iceland 38,226 25,839 2,484 607 598 5,747 1,057 3,979 1,826 614 Ireland 42,942 23,043 1,666 745 805 4,313 781 3,439 1,811 570 Israel 30,168 20,483 2,153 440 471 4,278 983 2,213 1,943 572 Italy 33,870 23,875 2,504 649 1,394 4,442 1,246 3,421 1,910 516 Japan 34,262 24,447 1,811 696 645 4,770 879 3,546 1,774 758 Korea, Rep. 29,035 17,481 1,059 386 457 3,766 394 3,264 1,272 875 Latvia 19,994 13,734 1,653 784 340 3,282 350 1,898 987 328 Lithuania 22,521 16,537 2,440 991 472 3,022 578 2,951 1,101 377 Luxembourg 88,670 32,000 2,667 4,432 1,735 5,563 2,060 3,633 5,580 802 94 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 118 1,729 49 216 5,704 1,431 903 842 115 835 8,427 4,353 193 2,262 143 348 6,507 1,933 1,514 1,473 622 787 11,028 5,223 409 4,263 167 346 8,160 5,498 1,167 2,955 930 2,193 16,696 6,535 419 4,131 265 935 8,518 3,827 1,764 2,542 567 2,094 16,588 7,292 86 1,495 62 155 2,586 1,243 448 287 96 196 3,810 2,042 123 1,978 60 486 4,097 2,250 382 467 125 340 5,951 3,208 558 2,630 239 1,213 11,429 4,908 2,465 2,906 863 1,978 20,907 9,369 52 913 18 137 2,215 1,075 280 287 106 155 3,340 1,786 202 2,414 83 396 5,785 3,008 801 769 232 574 8,859 4,530 424 2,642 190 895 9,199 4,107 1,856 2,228 657 1,552 16,518 7,503 144 3,346 194 429 6,251 2,039 909 2,583 267 3,279 11,687 5,297 2,831 3,140 1,628 4,079 22,288 5,529 3,430 10,026 2,854 5,669 41,042 18,885 2,375 2,467 2,616 3,364 23,049 5,708 3,107 9,553 3,401 5,367 41,311 18,943 1,902 3,080 1,083 3,546 20,173 7,796 3,098 9,814 3,020 6,338 39,504 16,906 325 1,898 395 686 6,667 2,084 1,463 1,543 323 1,517 11,417 5,386 689 2,083 581 610 8,358 3,328 2,202 2,512 627 2,180 15,631 6,406 2,079 2,740 1,257 3,794 22,127 6,232 3,956 9,984 2,068 7,234 41,537 17,680 702 3,597 470 1,773 11,002 3,080 1,255 4,223 1,121 3,131 19,614 9,333 1,144 2,312 1,442 1,157 10,616 3,894 2,507 3,918 790 3,487 20,333 8,459 1,551 2,564 2,711 1,913 19,999 3,251 3,763 5,749 1,188 5,144 32,532 16,149 1,345 2,592 1,168 1,379 12,372 5,608 3,497 5,887 1,913 3,972 26,012 9,951 2,182 3,264 819 4,579 18,379 10,605 3,350 8,937 2,831 4,855 38,734 14,682 828 2,788 741 1,237 10,051 5,065 2,849 5,142 1,603 3,748 22,337 8,245 2,249 3,229 1,071 3,880 19,917 8,771 3,343 8,274 1,760 6,541 38,695 16,526 1,954 2,898 1,372 3,555 20,167 8,202 3,002 7,562 1,959 5,198 37,427 16,732 1,912 2,596 1,157 4,267 22,398 7,605 2,779 7,066 2,664 4,189 38,487 18,557 946 2,388 1,962 1,878 18,156 3,050 3,368 3,890 1,162 2,695 28,780 14,903 930 2,602 817 1,832 10,710 5,358 3,106 3,429 990 2,527 21,269 8,477 1,981 3,733 1,340 2,611 19,066 8,931 3,940 4,640 1,684 2,722 34,386 14,539 1,302 3,223 1,918 2,416 17,949 6,513 2,504 6,147 1,638 4,455 32,443 14,691 1,089 3,709 889 2,395 15,963 5,541 3,879 6,038 1,302 3,847 30,243 12,640 1,386 2,361 1,751 2,338 19,311 5,533 2,703 7,449 2,323 4,552 34,232 15,985 1,770 2,096 1,281 4,353 19,188 6,412 3,288 6,878 2,586 3,384 34,518 15,091 1,064 2,878 814 2,524 14,436 3,282 2,715 7,628 2,050 5,581 28,494 11,596 894 2,612 417 855 10,700 3,634 2,965 3,701 1,069 2,890 20,868 8,499 835 2,907 337 1,343 12,416 5,357 2,665 3,379 763 2,831 23,111 10,322 2,780 2,571 2,215 5,851 25,804 8,213 5,042 20,440 6,512 13,753 58,182 22,004 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 95 Table 2.7 (Continued) REAL EXPENDITURES Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, PER CAPITA (US$) beverages, water, household Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) Macedonia, FYR 11,957 9,482 1,905 343 232 2,120 211 1,202 382 303 Malta 28,608 19,701 2,173 509 566 3,079 921 3,394 1,406 633 Mexico 16,377 11,844 2,014 279 297 1,675 482 907 1,325 304 Montenegro 14,128 12,315 2,606 666 198 2,313 816 1,368 755 501 Netherlands 43,150 25,983 2,361 708 969 4,205 1,079 3,662 1,688 763 New Zealand 31,172 22,502 2,204 734 886 3,744 849 3,809 1,790 506 Norway 61,879 31,014 2,383 650 1,144 5,270 1,343 4,457 2,387 1,018 Poland 21,753 16,307 2,159 750 317 4,207 465 2,741 752 348 Portugal 25,672 18,584 2,477 632 703 2,719 760 2,670 1,388 399 Romania 16,146 11,184 1,781 373 197 2,023 320 2,721 538 385 Russian Federationd 22,502 15,175 2,236 1,275 702 3,246 415 1,629 828 652 Serbia 11,854 10,107 1,506 565 151 2,560 196 1,750 566 380 Slovak Republic 25,130 16,880 1,852 629 393 4,426 609 3,017 685 304 Slovenia 28,156 18,880 2,026 1,093 729 3,553 819 2,953 1,722 546 Spain 32,156 21,484 2,497 696 997 3,544 771 2,933 1,505 356 Sweden 41,761 26,781 2,338 744 885 5,271 927 3,800 1,871 1,120 Switzerland 51,582 29,465 2,364 1,443 1,030 4,740 1,281 4,266 2,308 948 Turkey 17,781 13,732 1,893 305 568 3,264 753 1,549 1,101 276 United Kingdom 35,091 26,146 2,006 599 1,525 4,122 970 3,745 2,057 545 United States 49,782 37,390 2,238 665 1,173 6,290 1,376 7,371 3,458 790 Total (47) 33,675 23,930 2,101 699 835 4,340 909 3,853 1,939 606 LATIN AMERICA Bolivia 5,557 3,661 786 46 52 851 172 319 481 22 Brazil 14,639 9,906 1,279 225 191 1,367 511 1,866 821 162 Colombia 11,360 7,836 924 210 295 2,002 172 773 540 186 Costa Rica 13,030 10,244 1,363 90 290 1,184 409 1,046 1,374 317 e Cuba … … … … … … … … … … Dominican Republic 10,858 9,722 1,626 423 222 1,918 212 787 708 361 Ecuador 9,932 6,759 901 155 167 1,435 280 740 675 252 El Salvador 7,357 7,285 1,170 108 215 2,053 407 703 549 238 Guatemala 6,971 6,222 1,509 67 217 1,149 299 484 319 302 Haiti 1,557 1,688 626 47 53 324 49 74 71 5 Honduras 4,349 3,748 770 118 87 734 102 399 249 66 Nicaragua 4,111 3,587 538 79 72 1,045 141 464 263 66 Panama 15,369 10,618 1,166 54 385 3,267 510 871 1,033 467 Paraguay 7,193 5,591 1,016 73 131 945 312 530 303 216 Peru 10,981 7,148 1,115 146 267 1,066 204 659 542 191 Uruguay 17,343 12,899 1,670 258 314 3,328 460 1,951 689 557 Venezuela, RB 16,965 10,263 1,027 169 145 1,513 210 1,212 1,633 555 Total (17) 12,443 8,561 1,156 189 199 1,419 361 1,283 747 209 96 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 225 2,310 290 627 7,313 2,590 2,036 1,853 316 1,973 13,704 5,802 1,775 2,553 2,786 2,555 15,455 5,145 3,821 4,209 990 3,163 27,562 12,740 390 3,511 380 1,146 9,322 2,817 1,408 2,953 572 2,850 16,550 8,016 335 2,614 1,291 825 9,565 3,332 2,709 1,939 364 1,955 16,618 7,932 2,060 3,120 891 4,844 18,732 9,570 4,705 7,981 2,146 5,249 38,743 15,727 1,866 3,581 1,316 2,310 17,425 6,302 2,921 4,985 1,581 2,907 30,559 14,085 2,819 3,153 1,008 4,331 23,322 10,055 4,315 12,598 4,009 6,322 50,535 18,971 1,023 2,666 254 1,925 12,519 4,754 2,134 3,317 917 2,497 22,034 10,476 1,081 2,861 1,793 2,043 15,112 4,090 2,721 5,261 952 4,857 26,725 12,905 609 2,380 295 745 8,274 3,841 1,779 3,754 632 3,986 16,894 6,964 547 2,616 239 1,253 11,429 4,908 2,465 2,906 863 1,978 20,907 9,380 385 2,121 159 863 7,498 3,556 1,309 1,795 411 1,601 13,402 5,930 1,222 2,675 602 1,650 12,981 4,840 3,478 4,670 1,087 2,968 25,026 10,637 1,326 2,393 949 1,843 14,856 4,961 3,018 5,326 1,772 3,375 27,684 12,489 1,552 2,547 2,906 2,107 17,101 5,388 3,271 7,541 1,616 5,098 32,404 14,499 2,265 2,901 854 4,384 19,424 9,693 3,446 7,698 3,034 3,623 38,610 15,209 2,460 2,544 1,710 4,618 26,418 3,212 2,353 11,927 5,030 5,316 44,050 22,744 437 3,776 574 889 10,729 3,524 1,510 3,431 1,195 2,316 19,084 8,177 2,780 2,751 1,612 3,293 20,912 6,515 3,222 5,603 1,070 3,689 35,499 17,624 3,192 2,983 2,150 5,779 34,329 3,061 5,034 9,064 3,252 4,150 51,605 29,180 1,730 2,835 1,261 3,244 19,850 4,882 3,174 6,403 1,993 3,825 33,756 16,505 23 444 218 110 3,436 100 641 857 239 530 5,187 2,856 330 1,948 446 1,239 7,833 2,541 1,647 3,178 770 2,382 14,765 6,614 320 1,445 592 849 6,765 987 1,319 2,230 427 2,170 11,385 5,383 791 1,898 385 578 8,586 1,572 905 2,258 482 2,068 13,662 7,417 … … … … … … … … … … … … 162 1,468 768 1,134 8,810 510 799 1,353 191 1,624 11,771 7,301 251 1,474 195 591 5,832 858 721 2,225 303 1,250 10,089 4,793 264 1,004 268 407 6,503 582 510 732 186 600 8,535 5,179 150 703 320 302 5,565 488 472 865 222 708 7,536 4,474 34 169 2 41 1,612 22 1 407 4 730 2,105 1,346 119 730 177 271 3,321 358 329 934 257 618 5,102 2,747 85 873 156 290 3,113 428 463 576 113 519 4,564 2,369 447 1,547 382 952 9,154 1,358 1,283 3,000 724 2,613 15,183 7,018 227 1,313 199 496 4,862 655 338 985 183 911 6,934 4,164 341 1,409 445 753 6,332 638 815 2,219 393 2,326 10,412 5,297 323 1,737 758 1,099 10,962 1,886 1,182 3,201 577 3,095 17,408 8,424 328 2,802 753 401 8,710 1,619 1,440 2,868 501 3,084 15,234 7,388 296 1,681 448 903 7,073 1,664 1,264 2,504 551 2,081 12,432 5,893 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 97 Table 2.7 (Continued) REAL EXPENDITURES Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, PER CAPITA (US$) beverages, water, household Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) CARIBBEAN Anguilla 27,274 21,119 1,560 458 587 5,268 607 743 3,319 1,662 Antigua and Barbuda 20,540 12,549 1,108 192 242 4,634 345 2,084 704 522 Aruba 36,017 24,000 1,284 100 659 10,061 541 5,212 2,094 737 Bahamas, The 22,639 15,565 1,150 197 419 5,731 378 1,854 960 556 Barbados 15,354 12,326 1,422 166 268 7,405 277 934 780 489 Belize 8,212 6,492 672 46 370 3,233 267 628 414 183 Bermuda 54,899 37,924 3,168 1,034 898 7,160 1,507 4,468 2,756 1,624 Bonairef … … 920 71 790 … 504 … 1,531 486 Cayman Islands 49,686 34,020 1,628 330 1,006 12,748 1,046 1,784 2,793 1,482 Curaçao 27,781 20,690 1,553 211 1,008 9,120 376 2,435 1,400 546 Dominica 9,983 8,664 885 53 524 2,709 226 856 1,119 327 Grenada 11,221 10,211 1,150 143 308 2,926 231 642 1,160 912 Jamaica 8,329 7,241 1,145 67 126 1,442 273 634 655 246 Montserrat 15,762 13,609 1,159 217 146 4,243 280 1,922 2,163 1,051 St. Kitts and Nevis 20,582 14,444 1,213 322 564 5,770 368 1,702 713 495 St. Lucia 9,893 7,520 964 97 386 2,783 170 612 481 333 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 9,883 8,356 973 402 154 3,086 193 935 1,053 410 Sint Maarten 32,972 19,298 1,171 86 1,036 9,144 550 1,176 1,816 642 Suriname 14,463 5,913 1,138 114 191 1,978 147 522 226 170 Trinidad and Tobago 28,743 15,691 2,066 103 170 2,555 347 1,831 1,187 325 Turks and Caicos Islands 20,878 7,593 902 125 357 716 240 1,082 1,365 206 Virgin Islands, British 30,290 10,753 1,367 380 1,074 2,119 895 898 1,012 395 Total (22) 16,351 10,867 1,343 117 247 2,962 309 1,142 848 346 WESTERN ASIA Bahrain 43,360 18,626 1,780 64 853 4,366 912 1,342 2,422 1,022 Egypt, Arab Rep.a 10,599 8,529 1,670 159 402 2,514 210 1,505 352 183 Iraq 11,130 5,381 882 19 196 2,201 152 633 294 82 Jordan 11,169 8,868 1,288 227 380 3,078 256 1,066 603 296 Kuwait 84,058 21,888 2,637 48 1,324 7,878 1,798 1,613 2,070 556 Oman 42,619 15,182 1,866 34 751 3,273 449 1,217 2,518 602 Qatar 146,521 20,552 1,927 73 689 4,830 675 1,552 2,497 479 Saudi Arabia 48,163 17,797 1,726 54 748 6,238 845 1,707 1,256 606 b Sudan 3,608 2,309 666 9 154 403 112 74 111 32 United Arab Emirates 60,886 29,463 2,735 56 3,600 10,245 1,084 442 5,073 2,119 West Bank and Gaza 3,833 4,070 849 71 248 447 169 596 222 116 Yemen, Rep. 3,716 2,762 558 139 129 759 48 504 120 23 Total (12) 17,499 8,574 1,303 90 473 2,719 307 979 635 263 98 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 571 2,721 601 3,116 18,416 1,672 5,101 6,306 830 7,185 31,600 15,282 268 2,475 357 1,453 9,708 3,976 3,663 4,708 451 5,934 20,385 6,716 1,181 3,375 316 2,001 17,040 10,539 5,540 12,498 1,786 13,584 41,264 10,759 606 1,943 761 2,185 13,249 2,077 3,887 7,109 2,086 5,056 26,314 9,477 426 1,339 1,648 1,053 10,453 1,733 3,034 3,187 917 2,357 18,143 5,247 259 838 28 262 5,718 517 1,315 774 224 548 8,401 3,265 2,146 6,872 3,753 5,405 30,343 8,804 6,184 17,994 7,875 8,146 62,109 24,960 … … 800 … 12,119 … … … … … … 9,142 1,395 4,253 1,545 5,755 29,497 3,474 5,921 13,439 4,262 9,036 52,931 20,953 662 1,830 418 4,140 17,354 3,282 3,257 9,733 3,383 3,658 34,418 11,601 237 1,446 192 575 7,347 1,193 1,784 2,102 590 1,531 11,351 5,346 176 2,437 133 736 8,603 1,503 1,542 2,036 462 1,767 13,786 6,419 455 1,530 632 774 6,094 1,091 1,026 1,588 399 1,269 9,951 4,743 311 2,518 37 1,344 10,589 3,858 7,609 5,059 723 5,621 24,308 7,745 336 4,240 687 1,249 11,441 3,896 5,015 5,225 780 5,544 23,565 7,556 100 1,920 65 776 6,299 1,180 1,537 2,757 462 2,769 11,720 4,525 363 1,560 140 637 6,727 1,917 1,563 2,258 330 2,504 12,255 4,818 692 1,608 225 2,017 16,375 2,553 6,819 6,307 2,344 2,165 31,031 10,118 163 154 59 697 5,239 285 2,513 4,487 1,961 1,277 13,430 4,484 862 5,137 965 2,282 11,225 6,791 917 4,703 1,290 3,450 22,097 9,973 362 1,652 223 888 6,421 1,058 6,320 2,830 888 1,947 14,711 6,058 371 1,075 438 604 9,147 1,394 2,395 6,768 2,561 3,701 19,018 8,055 530 2,290 657 1,335 8,719 2,600 1,771 3,575 1,033 2,497 16,359 6,706 1,165 3,402 762 1,201 16,419 2,300 3,584 7,584 1,097 8,791 29,822 14,704 205 1,789 179 612 7,218 1,206 1,568 1,070 201 1,051 10,892 5,633 45 1,782 34 108 3,989 1,841 2,728 1,608 381 1,383 9,275 2,724 114 2,585 115 229 7,328 1,724 1,844 1,882 259 1,991 12,671 5,371 608 2,881 390 1,013 18,653 3,507 6,971 14,911 3,129 11,158 43,562 14,587 428 3,069 314 1,171 12,252 3,319 5,100 12,529 2,217 11,495 30,713 10,485 1,344 3,906 313 2,785 17,140 4,163 8,707 59,793 14,413 17,614 75,947 13,981 435 4,605 527 818 13,457 5,064 4,556 13,029 2,359 11,349 36,443 10,405 44 232 53 59 2,069 57 462 783 155 787 3,660 1,752 675 2,000 818 1,254 29,459 522 2,656 18,824 4,134 14,341 48,431 22,000 86 964 63 298 3,209 973 1,072 706 75 747 5,678 2,851 9 535 1 112 2,337 418 607 360 18 400 3,826 1,900 195 1,791 187 455 7,148 1,548 2,017 3,916 774 3,153 14,288 5,533 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 99 Table 2.7 (Continued) REAL EXPENDITURES Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, PER CAPITA (US$) beverages, water, household Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) SINGLETONS Georgia 6,343 6,054 963 306 76 2,043 128 1,115 289 198 Iran, Islamic Rep. 17,488 8,576 1,102 53 191 2,951 175 1,513 419 409 Total (2) 16,863 8,435 1,094 67 184 2,900 172 1,491 412 397 WORLDg (179) 13,460 8,647 1,018 214 352 1,643 300 1,385 632 238 Source: ICP, http://icp.worldbank.org/. Note: n.a. = not applicable; ... = data suppressed because of incompleteness. a. The Arab Republic of Egypt participated in both the Africa and Western Asia regions. The regional results for Egypt were averaged by taking the geometric mean of the regional PPPs, allowing Egypt to have the same global results in each region. b. Sudan participated in both the Africa and Western Asia regions. The regional results for Sudan were averaged by taking the geometric mean of the regional PPPs, allowing Sudan to have the same global results in each region. c. The results presented in the tables are based on data supplied by all the participating economies and compiled in accordance with ICP principles and the procedures recommended by the 2011 ICP Technical Advisory Group. The results for China are estimated by the 2011 ICP Asia and the Pacific Regional Office and the Global Office. The National Bureau of Statistics of China does not recognize these results as official statistics. d. The Russian Federation participated in both the CIS and Eurostat-OECD comparisons. The PPPs for Russia are based on the Eurostat-OECD comparison. They were the basis for linking the CIS comparison to the ICP. e. The official GDP of Cuba for reference year 2011 is 68,990.15 million in national currency. However, this number and its breakdown into main aggregates are not shown in the tables because of methodological comparability issues. Therefore, Cuba’s results are provided only for the PPP and price level index. In addition, Cuba’s figures are not included in the Latin America and world totals. f. Bonaire’s results are provided only for the individual consumption expenditure by households. Therefore, to ensure consistency across the tables, Bonaire is not included in the Caribbean or the world total. g. This table does not include the Pacific Islands and does not double count the dual participation economies: the Arab Republic of Egypt, Sudan, and the Russian Federation. 100 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 322 1,884 116 374 4,789 973 1,402 742 256 433 7,675 3,624 169 2,417 58 680 6,804 1,834 2,776 2,928 635 3,116 15,556 5,059 177 2,387 61 662 6,691 1,786 2,699 2,805 614 2,965 15,114 4,979 494 1,317 408 979 7,144 1,766 1,230 3,139 708 2,672 13,258 5,918 Presentation and Analysis of Results 101 Table 2.8 Indexes of Real Expenditures Per Capita (World = 100), ICP 2011 Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, INDEX OF REAL beverages, water, household EXPENDITURES PER Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment CAPITA (world = 100) domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) AFRICA Algeria 98.0 72.5 105.3 32.1 35.8 22.3 36.6 71.1 104.0 119.7 Angola 54.1 50.0 103.2 134.6 51.7 35.3 52.8 23.5 30.1 14.9 Benin 13.1 17.0 39.0 21.1 18.0 10.3 9.0 6.2 13.4 15.8 Botswana 99.6 78.4 74.4 177.3 133.4 41.9 80.8 45.2 140.6 87.3 Burkina Faso 10.0 11.0 25.4 27.3 6.2 8.7 9.5 4.4 6.2 10.7 Burundi 5.3 7.5 14.9 24.8 1.9 10.8 1.2 3.3 2.9 1.7 Cameroon 20.5 26.6 63.0 25.4 42.5 17.9 40.3 3.4 19.2 8.4 Cape Verde 45.5 54.9 98.0 91.7 29.5 59.9 87.1 32.1 32.6 81.3 Central African Republic 6.7 10.1 24.4 33.4 19.6 5.0 9.1 1.9 3.3 1.9 Chad 14.7 17.1 39.7 27.1 9.8 9.5 20.7 14.1 14.6 14.9 Comoros 4.5 7.2 17.7 0.5 4.9 15.8 4.0 0.7 1.3 0.9 Congo, Rep. 43.3 17.5 27.6 29.9 10.6 20.6 12.1 16.4 12.3 21.8 Congo, Dem. Rep. 4.9 5.2 11.9 4.8 5.8 5.8 4.0 2.9 1.2 1.6 Côte d’Ivoire 19.8 22.9 47.2 26.8 16.1 16.5 39.8 12.3 22.1 15.3 Djibouti 17.9 19.9 31.4 58.1 13.7 40.7 23.6 5.8 11.4 2.4 a Egypt, Arab Rep. 78.7 98.6 164.1 74.1 114.4 153.0 70.0 108.7 55.7 76.7 Equatorial Guinea 293.0 56.9 94.5 68.6 43.0 58.5 36.9 61.2 45.0 76.5 Ethiopia 9.0 11.3 19.9 8.9 12.1 10.5 19.6 12.0 1.6 1.5 Gabon 122.5 69.1 90.0 235.6 82.2 64.0 72.4 49.4 72.4 76.0 Gambia, The 11.2 14.1 25.4 14.9 36.6 6.4 7.6 29.7 3.7 16.0 Ghana 25.5 25.9 37.3 12.3 94.7 21.2 37.6 13.9 21.8 14.3 Guinea 9.6 9.1 19.4 4.9 16.8 11.3 7.5 8.1 4.5 0.4 Guinea-Bissau 10.1 10.7 25.8 6.4 18.2 9.8 13.3 3.6 6.5 1.6 Kenya 15.9 22.4 37.7 32.1 15.2 14.0 20.9 19.6 16.0 31.0 Lesotho 15.8 29.2 39.2 24.3 88.3 22.3 45.4 14.2 8.7 25.3 Liberia 4.0 7.0 8.5 8.0 25.6 7.4 9.4 1.9 1.7 7.3 Madagascar 10.5 15.4 31.7 15.7 30.1 5.3 43.7 3.7 13.8 2.8 Malawi 7.2 11.6 25.2 20.4 8.8 14.9 21.3 7.0 5.3 6.0 Mali 11.2 12.1 28.6 7.0 16.4 6.8 13.0 6.5 11.8 7.5 Mauritania 23.7 24.2 68.4 8.1 24.2 15.7 13.8 11.0 9.9 24.7 Mauritius 115.2 136.6 208.9 288.1 228.0 158.1 215.2 82.9 127.3 174.7 Morocco 50.2 49.8 82.6 31.2 44.7 68.1 46.3 25.2 41.6 80.4 Mozambique 7.1 10.3 25.5 17.1 12.8 6.4 4.9 2.8 7.9 3.6 Namibia 62.1 67.4 67.8 108.2 102.9 62.2 123.7 72.5 27.7 23.3 Niger 6.3 8.3 15.3 6.3 21.4 5.4 10.2 3.5 5.7 4.1 Nigeria 23.4 24.0 38.0 14.3 98.1 16.0 46.2 10.9 17.1 11.2 Rwanda 9.9 15.0 36.1 14.8 10.1 19.4 11.9 4.8 6.3 5.5 São Tomé and Príncipe 22.6 38.6 95.5 62.7 34.5 23.4 24.4 21.7 34.3 14.8 102 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 31.0 180.9 29.5 110.0 55.7 244.2 179.0 97.3 82.5 109.4 89.7 64.0 12.4 41.5 17.1 51.9 47.9 63.6 188.5 47.6 29.2 67.4 58.5 51.4 3.3 14.8 23.5 6.3 18.0 7.8 15.5 8.3 6.4 10.8 14.5 18.5 30.8 185.7 41.6 60.9 75.5 102.0 150.2 160.9 115.6 226.4 107.9 81.0 3.0 7.8 6.8 3.0 11.8 3.9 19.9 5.3 4.3 5.9 10.7 12.0 0.9 12.2 4.6 1.7 7.5 7.1 11.8 2.6 2.3 2.9 6.4 6.6 4.9 10.4 25.3 6.2 28.9 5.9 24.3 13.1 14.7 12.0 22.4 29.7 7.0 73.5 129.7 33.1 54.7 53.5 62.2 75.6 66.5 84.1 61.3 53.5 2.2 8.8 3.1 3.6 10.8 3.0 3.8 3.4 2.2 3.6 7.6 11.5 6.0 6.3 1.7 4.0 18.4 4.3 9.0 12.8 12.5 11.0 15.4 18.9 0.8 4.0 0.0 1.8 7.9 0.5 14.6 2.3 2.2 2.3 6.5 6.3 6.1 23.6 21.7 6.4 17.7 14.5 26.4 47.5 20.7 75.7 26.7 18.0 1.0 6.0 4.0 1.1 5.5 1.8 7.4 3.8 3.3 4.4 4.9 5.4 8.8 14.5 5.8 10.7 24.4 9.3 19.3 7.7 5.4 10.3 17.0 25.0 2.7 21.6 2.7 3.9 20.7 11.7 46.0 20.0 12.6 30.1 22.4 18.4 41.6 135.9 43.8 62.5 101.0 68.3 127.4 34.1 28.4 39.3 82.2 95.2 11.9 59.8 31.7 29.0 60.8 27.3 40.4 443.1 426.2 336.8 141.1 62.4 0.8 12.1 11.4 13.2 12.1 3.7 8.6 6.8 3.7 9.4 10.0 12.8 26.6 52.4 50.2 22.4 71.4 46.6 149.3 93.0 64.1 46.0 80.0 72.7 6.7 23.6 1.8 6.7 14.7 8.0 13.6 8.3 8.9 7.1 12.4 15.7 3.7 77.2 0.1 10.7 26.2 22.6 38.5 26.9 22.4 31.3 27.2 28.1 1.0 9.0 1.6 2.1 9.8 1.8 8.3 6.3 7.9 4.5 8.4 9.4 5.2 8.1 0.7 1.7 11.3 4.1 30.4 4.3 3.7 5.0 10.3 12.1 10.1 43.0 22.6 16.7 21.9 24.7 14.5 10.4 10.6 10.8 18.2 22.0 15.6 36.1 5.0 17.7 29.4 26.1 37.6 15.8 8.1 24.1 26.1 29.0 1.9 21.8 0.8 5.3 7.7 0.3 6.8 2.0 3.2 0.6 5.9 7.7 10.0 12.5 12.9 2.6 16.6 4.1 8.9 5.0 3.9 6.2 11.7 18.3 2.9 9.0 3.5 2.8 12.4 5.1 4.6 4.2 6.0 1.8 8.7 11.9 6.7 10.4 2.8 3.2 12.7 6.4 19.6 8.0 7.0 8.9 11.5 13.2 3.2 33.1 2.0 4.1 23.8 26.5 52.3 39.3 37.3 37.0 25.3 24.3 137.4 186.2 54.6 77.8 139.0 114.1 156.8 115.9 72.7 160.8 133.3 145.4 31.1 87.9 42.9 29.1 48.9 54.8 64.1 68.8 48.1 93.3 57.2 45.7 3.9 8.0 1.9 6.0 10.9 4.6 4.4 4.4 3.5 5.7 8.2 11.2 40.8 191.2 55.7 68.4 65.6 78.3 122.4 64.4 43.7 89.4 68.7 66.6 5.7 7.9 6.3 4.9 8.9 2.7 7.6 7.8 8.3 7.7 8.1 9.4 3.8 50.9 0.2 11.0 24.7 15.9 29.6 8.3 9.1 6.9 19.9 27.4 3.0 10.1 7.4 5.0 16.5 3.5 7.1 6.4 3.1 9.8 11.6 15.6 6.7 41.5 7.5 8.3 40.1 23.5 39.4 17.6 22.4 9.1 33.0 41.7 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 103 Table 2.8 (Continued) Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, INDEX OF REAL beverages, water, household EXPENDITURES PER Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment CAPITA (world = 100) domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) Senegal 16.7 22.2 52.2 10.0 20.8 28.8 29.2 7.3 9.2 30.5 Seychelles 167.7 151.6 298.7 73.7 131.4 223.3 119.1 139.8 72.0 98.8 Sierra Leone 10.2 13.8 22.4 17.4 36.9 9.6 8.3 31.1 3.3 8.4 South Africa 90.0 95.8 103.6 162.5 90.4 78.8 104.1 89.2 115.3 102.0 Sudanb 26.8 26.7 65.5 4.3 43.7 24.5 37.4 5.3 17.6 13.3 Swaziland 47.0 67.3 167.1 19.3 82.8 55.2 144.3 52.6 47.3 32.3 Tanzania 11.5 11.9 37.9 2.3 21.7 4.6 10.8 6.8 4.1 0.3 Togo 9.8 13.8 26.5 12.5 17.9 8.0 12.3 10.9 5.4 6.2 Tunisia 76.7 84.3 92.1 68.8 87.2 84.8 99.3 60.8 117.4 151.3 Uganda 11.9 16.1 27.8 28.2 10.5 16.6 17.3 5.3 7.0 9.2 Zambia 23.4 20.6 60.8 4.9 31.3 17.6 5.7 13.7 1.9 8.9 Zimbabwe 10.2 15.6 44.1 23.5 18.0 6.6 6.8 4.9 9.0 0.6 Total (50) 30.0 32.2 54.1 31.7 47.6 31.0 35.2 24.6 25.5 27.3 ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Bangladesh 20.8 24.7 62.2 24.8 32.0 31.5 16.8 12.1 6.6 13.1 Bhutan 53.5 46.2 73.8 25.9 87.2 50.3 14.3 56.7 37.9 59.8 Brunei Darussalam 552.7 181.4 212.3 14.9 160.3 144.5 99.8 93.0 345.8 228.2 Cambodia 20.2 26.3 59.5 38.3 14.1 19.8 9.9 30.5 14.3 2.3 c China 74.7 50.1 54.2 27.4 68.3 48.1 42.2 80.9 30.3 90.1 Fiji 56.1 62.4 116.5 69.0 43.8 64.7 112.8 35.5 45.1 8.2 Hong Kong SAR, China 372.4 378.1 260.2 125.1 535.9 350.1 464.7 216.4 248.2 611.9 India 35.2 35.0 56.1 26.7 69.7 32.6 21.5 27.2 35.0 17.0 Indonesia 63.4 55.6 108.2 21.8 38.8 73.0 32.7 17.5 34.2 37.4 Lao PDR 30.5 27.1 56.6 41.0 11.2 34.4 12.8 9.4 17.1 16.5 Macao SAR, China 857.6 273.5 151.1 82.4 384.1 233.2 97.0 161.0 236.6 454.0 Malaysia 155.5 128.2 120.4 42.3 47.1 145.3 95.3 75.4 148.7 229.3 Maldives 84.6 44.9 60.9 119.8 29.6 47.5 42.7 43.3 18.6 63.7 Mongolia 64.8 63.6 88.4 176.4 57.6 50.3 12.7 57.5 92.2 49.2 Myanmar 23.6 26.3 58.1 12.7 19.4 23.6 6.1 29.0 4.6 11.9 Nepal 16.5 21.4 63.0 19.6 15.2 18.2 8.0 15.0 3.2 10.5 Pakistan 33.1 45.4 95.6 14.9 45.3 73.9 23.5 47.9 20.1 31.5 Philippines 42.9 51.9 115.5 27.0 13.4 39.9 44.3 14.5 48.2 35.8 Singapore 537.1 285.9 124.1 92.3 229.0 228.1 321.0 205.5 328.8 244.2 Sri Lanka 60.3 73.9 146.3 192.4 56.8 75.9 28.9 57.6 40.4 64.2 Taiwan, China 290.2 290.6 182.2 180.1 343.9 255.7 224.0 344.3 284.8 659.6 Thailand 98.8 98.0 128.6 84.1 86.3 76.2 66.1 78.2 109.2 82.1 Vietnam 35.0 34.6 43.0 41.6 38.2 39.8 39.2 48.1 19.2 7.9 Total (23) 56.6 47.2 66.3 29.7 63.5 47.7 34.7 51.5 35.3 55.5 104 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 4.1 20.1 2.9 8.6 23.7 9.2 22.0 13.8 11.1 17.5 19.9 23.1 52.2 327.6 7.3 39.4 141.4 266.3 740.4 185.7 176.5 193.5 206.1 132.3 7.0 18.4 2.7 6.8 14.7 4.2 12.4 13.3 16.2 10.0 13.6 15.1 56.6 132.9 28.9 97.7 94.8 95.5 134.0 76.0 80.5 70.7 92.8 93.3 8.8 17.6 12.9 6.1 29.0 3.2 37.6 24.9 21.9 29.5 27.6 29.6 39.9 62.2 6.7 9.2 72.1 29.1 45.3 20.0 12.6 25.0 52.2 71.5 1.7 9.3 0.0 2.5 12.8 3.6 17.6 15.8 9.1 26.9 13.3 14.4 1.8 26.2 16.3 17.4 14.4 7.1 11.6 5.5 3.2 8.1 11.4 15.1 34.7 152.6 122.4 49.3 80.6 117.7 118.0 69.0 31.9 124.5 82.7 77.6 13.0 36.5 7.5 7.0 16.2 14.5 2.3 10.6 3.9 21.4 13.5 16.6 1.9 15.5 1.0 12.2 21.8 9.6 42.0 20.7 11.1 32.2 22.4 22.3 4.5 20.0 1.3 8.7 15.9 12.2 12.9 3.7 2.7 5.1 12.4 16.9 12.6 49.1 14.2 22.6 32.3 30.7 45.1 22.6 18.9 26.7 30.5 32.7 2.2 27.5 10.6 6.0 26.9 4.8 10.2 21.4 8.2 37.6 22.5 26.9 40.8 70.7 11.6 7.8 43.8 65.3 105.3 115.6 79.3 161.9 69.4 43.7 200.3 400.8 151.9 78.0 170.6 255.5 1002.5 263.6 205.0 301.5 250.0 170.5 10.4 53.7 25.2 4.8 26.7 21.4 12.2 8.7 7.0 10.8 20.5 26.7 52.3 65.6 54.7 30.0 45.9 80.8 52.6 135.9 83.7 173.8 73.2 45.9 44.8 68.1 30.5 23.6 64.5 41.2 50.5 50.4 51.0 37.8 60.0 64.2 938.2 135.8 793.7 560.1 421.4 108.0 180.8 367.3 437.8 282.2 355.1 419.3 6.7 26.5 12.5 34.3 37.4 14.9 33.0 37.3 24.8 50.1 37.4 37.4 17.7 88.9 77.3 23.1 57.5 36.1 45.8 86.0 25.2 155.5 63.3 57.4 8.2 58.1 12.6 5.1 27.6 17.6 51.1 39.7 18.4 48.5 31.8 27.7 505.2 311.7 1030.1 230.4 278.4 239.1 325.8 421.2 268.9 581.8 321.0 277.8 79.6 206.5 240.0 115.3 127.4 127.5 133.5 136.5 105.1 136.8 130.3 127.4 15.8 119.9 24.1 11.9 41.1 77.8 273.8 178.6 163.6 205.4 91.2 40.1 23.3 181.2 19.2 20.9 60.9 89.7 84.4 104.4 122.5 81.5 82.5 60.8 4.0 106.7 23.5 4.2 24.2 44.3 21.6 20.5 15.3 23.6 24.2 24.2 7.7 28.2 8.4 6.0 22.9 8.1 12.0 11.3 4.5 13.9 20.2 22.9 7.0 41.9 6.9 17.6 48.9 14.6 32.9 13.3 6.8 15.5 35.3 49.0 13.0 72.3 37.1 44.1 56.2 17.5 27.5 32.0 22.1 36.1 44.9 56.2 721.3 303.2 760.7 309.5 300.2 173.3 405.2 603.3 584.0 624.7 355.2 298.8 15.6 100.9 37.4 26.8 72.6 86.7 79.4 52.7 28.1 76.1 69.0 72.6 457.0 320.4 359.4 320.8 310.3 140.5 269.2 241.0 265.8 198.1 272.9 309.5 66.0 140.8 181.2 61.8 98.0 93.9 97.5 103.8 125.7 76.2 98.0 98.0 21.5 95.1 29.8 8.9 34.2 37.4 43.4 36.3 16.4 56.4 37.0 34.2 32.6 57.4 43.9 33.1 47.2 45.9 44.9 80.1 50.6 104.1 56.5 47.2 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 105 Table 2.8 (Continued) Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, INDEX OF REAL beverages, water, household EXPENDITURES PER Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment CAPITA (world = 100) domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES Armenia 49.7 84.5 194.3 177.2 35.7 120.0 18.3 61.1 31.3 114.1 Azerbaijan 118.6 96.8 172.4 101.2 109.2 132.0 75.9 43.2 68.8 139.0 Belarus 123.3 133.9 198.4 370.6 92.3 192.9 79.5 135.6 66.7 238.1 Kazakhstan 154.3 132.0 153.3 170.3 122.7 188.6 97.6 123.8 117.3 181.6 Kyrgyz Republic 22.7 40.5 61.0 92.0 32.1 66.7 21.5 24.5 27.0 95.2 Moldova 31.0 65.4 92.4 206.3 45.7 84.1 74.0 26.6 41.9 78.8 Russian Federationd 167.2 175.5 219.7 596.0 199.7 199.6 138.0 118.3 130.9 273.4 Tajikistan 16.7 35.0 62.3 4.7 28.7 48.1 14.6 24.2 13.8 102.2 Ukraine 61.6 91.4 144.9 247.1 56.0 150.2 58.7 89.3 63.3 63.0 Total (9) 131.6 142.1 187.9 433.8 146.6 176.5 106.9 104.1 104.0 207.2 EUROSTAT-OECD Albania 74.0 93.9 182.7 119.0 51.6 72.0 97.9 63.6 28.7 36.2 Australia 312.0 313.3 212.6 328.3 219.8 267.7 369.4 240.9 369.7 330.0 Austria 319.3 320.1 198.2 510.0 413.4 335.0 453.6 238.9 351.9 242.1 Belgium 297.9 303.6 250.8 424.9 267.7 269.9 355.7 329.1 292.8 175.5 Bosnia and Herzegovina 71.5 97.9 151.9 307.1 43.0 113.5 103.9 67.6 55.1 67.1 Bulgaria 115.3 126.9 121.2 264.7 43.8 158.0 155.5 153.4 123.1 155.3 Canada 305.1 317.3 164.5 300.8 269.9 334.4 358.8 268.7 448.9 235.3 Chile 150.2 158.5 133.5 169.5 142.8 130.8 208.8 120.1 178.3 164.6 Croatia 150.9 158.9 179.8 408.4 107.2 200.9 181.3 179.2 122.0 176.0 Cyprus 232.0 265.5 210.4 494.4 324.1 308.1 315.4 178.6 286.7 501.1 Czech Republic 200.9 192.3 165.6 590.2 82.4 218.2 187.0 225.6 130.2 118.5 Denmark 310.9 304.0 198.6 412.6 261.7 292.6 330.1 300.4 260.6 211.3 Estonia 171.5 159.5 168.6 486.8 137.6 150.7 105.9 155.3 136.5 179.4 Finland 286.8 307.4 238.1 480.3 265.6 289.7 340.8 303.1 259.5 288.0 France 270.4 306.3 254.8 358.0 247.8 291.7 348.9 303.2 336.2 237.2 Germany 304.5 329.4 226.3 417.2 289.5 294.4 428.6 359.9 326.7 327.8 Greece 197.8 245.8 261.3 441.6 197.1 304.0 221.0 230.6 251.0 190.3 Hungary 166.5 169.6 135.9 462.5 66.5 193.9 129.4 221.9 118.7 109.2 Iceland 284.0 298.8 244.1 283.7 170.0 349.8 351.9 287.3 288.8 257.5 Ireland 319.0 266.5 163.6 348.6 228.9 262.5 260.0 248.3 286.3 239.4 Israel 224.1 236.9 211.6 205.7 134.1 260.4 327.3 159.8 307.3 240.1 Italy 251.6 276.1 246.0 303.3 396.4 270.4 414.8 247.1 302.1 216.4 Japan 254.5 282.7 178.0 325.6 183.4 290.4 292.5 256.1 280.6 317.9 Korea, Rep. 215.7 202.2 104.1 180.7 130.1 229.2 131.3 235.7 201.1 367.3 Latvia 148.5 158.8 162.4 366.5 96.6 199.8 116.6 137.0 156.1 137.8 Lithuania 167.3 191.3 239.8 463.3 134.3 183.9 192.6 213.1 174.1 158.0 Luxembourg 658.8 370.1 262.1 2072.6 493.5 338.6 685.9 262.4 882.4 336.7 106 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 23.8 131.3 12.1 22.0 79.8 81.1 73.4 26.8 16.2 31.3 63.6 73.6 39.0 171.7 35.0 35.5 91.1 109.5 123.1 46.9 87.8 29.4 83.2 88.3 82.8 323.7 40.8 35.4 114.2 311.3 94.9 94.1 131.3 82.1 125.9 110.4 84.9 313.6 65.1 95.5 119.2 216.7 143.4 81.0 80.1 78.4 125.1 123.2 17.4 113.5 15.2 15.8 36.2 70.4 36.4 9.1 13.5 7.3 28.7 34.5 24.9 150.1 14.6 49.6 57.3 127.4 31.0 14.9 17.6 12.7 44.9 54.2 113.0 199.6 58.7 123.9 160.0 278.0 200.4 92.6 121.8 74.0 157.7 158.3 10.6 69.3 4.4 14.0 31.0 60.9 22.8 9.1 15.0 5.8 25.2 30.2 40.9 183.3 20.4 40.4 81.0 170.3 65.1 24.5 32.7 21.5 66.8 76.6 85.9 200.6 46.5 91.4 128.8 232.6 150.9 71.0 92.7 58.1 124.6 126.8 29.2 254.1 47.5 43.8 87.5 115.5 73.9 82.3 37.7 122.7 88.2 89.5 572.9 238.4 399.1 416.5 312.0 313.1 278.8 319.4 402.9 212.2 309.6 319.1 480.6 187.3 641.2 343.5 322.6 323.2 252.6 304.3 480.1 200.9 311.6 320.1 385.0 233.8 265.6 362.1 282.4 441.5 251.9 312.7 426.4 237.2 298.0 285.7 65.8 144.1 96.9 70.1 93.3 118.0 119.0 49.2 45.7 56.8 86.1 91.0 139.4 158.1 142.4 62.3 117.0 188.4 179.0 80.0 88.5 81.6 117.9 108.2 420.8 208.1 308.2 387.5 309.7 353.0 321.6 318.1 292.0 270.7 313.3 298.8 142.0 273.1 115.3 181.1 154.0 174.5 102.0 134.5 158.3 117.2 147.9 157.7 231.5 175.5 353.4 118.2 148.6 220.5 203.8 124.8 111.6 130.5 153.4 142.9 313.8 194.7 664.4 195.4 279.9 184.1 305.9 183.1 167.8 192.5 245.4 272.9 272.2 196.8 286.3 140.8 173.2 317.6 284.3 187.5 270.0 148.6 196.2 168.2 441.6 247.8 200.8 467.6 257.3 600.6 272.3 284.7 399.6 181.7 292.2 248.1 167.6 211.7 181.7 126.3 140.7 286.9 231.6 163.8 226.3 140.3 168.5 139.3 455.1 245.1 262.4 396.3 278.8 496.7 271.8 263.6 248.5 244.8 291.9 279.3 395.5 220.0 336.2 363.1 282.3 464.5 244.0 240.9 276.6 194.5 282.3 282.7 387.0 197.1 283.5 435.7 313.5 430.7 225.9 225.1 376.2 156.8 290.3 313.6 191.3 181.3 480.9 191.8 254.1 172.8 273.8 123.9 164.0 100.9 217.1 251.8 188.2 197.6 200.2 187.1 149.9 303.4 252.5 109.2 139.8 94.6 160.4 143.2 400.9 283.4 328.3 266.7 266.9 505.8 320.3 147.8 237.7 101.9 259.4 245.7 263.5 244.7 470.2 246.7 251.2 368.9 203.5 195.8 231.2 166.7 244.7 248.2 220.3 281.6 218.0 244.6 223.5 313.8 315.3 192.4 183.8 144.0 228.1 213.6 280.4 179.2 429.2 238.8 270.3 313.4 219.7 237.3 327.9 170.4 258.2 270.1 358.1 159.1 314.1 444.5 268.6 363.2 267.3 219.1 365.1 126.6 260.4 255.0 215.3 218.5 199.6 257.8 202.1 185.9 220.7 243.0 289.4 208.9 214.9 195.9 181.0 198.3 102.2 87.4 149.8 205.8 241.0 117.9 150.9 108.1 157.4 143.6 169.1 220.7 82.7 137.2 173.8 303.4 216.7 107.7 107.8 106.0 174.3 174.4 562.6 195.2 542.9 597.5 361.2 465.1 409.9 651.2 919.2 514.7 438.8 371.8 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 107 Table 2.8 (Continued) Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, INDEX OF REAL beverages, water, household EXPENDITURES PER Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment CAPITA (world = 100) domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) Macedonia, FYR 88.8 109.7 187.1 160.5 65.8 129.0 70.3 86.8 60.4 127.1 Malta 212.5 227.8 213.5 238.1 160.9 187.4 306.6 245.1 222.4 265.8 Mexico 121.7 137.0 197.9 130.5 84.4 102.0 160.4 65.5 209.5 127.6 Montenegro 105.0 142.4 256.0 311.4 56.4 140.8 271.5 98.8 119.4 210.4 Netherlands 320.6 300.5 232.0 331.3 275.6 256.0 359.3 264.4 266.9 320.3 New Zealand 231.6 260.2 216.5 343.2 251.8 227.9 282.6 275.1 283.0 212.4 Norway 459.7 358.7 234.1 304.0 325.3 320.8 446.9 321.9 377.4 427.3 Poland 161.6 188.6 212.1 350.7 90.2 256.1 154.9 198.0 118.9 146.1 Portugal 190.7 214.9 243.4 295.5 200.0 165.5 253.0 192.8 219.5 167.5 Romania 119.9 129.3 175.0 174.7 56.0 123.2 106.5 196.5 85.0 161.4 d Russian Federation 167.2 175.5 219.7 596.0 199.7 197.6 138.0 117.6 130.9 273.4 Serbia 88.1 116.9 148.0 264.2 42.9 155.8 65.2 126.4 89.5 159.5 Slovak Republic 186.7 195.2 182.0 294.0 111.9 269.4 202.8 217.9 108.3 127.6 Slovenia 209.2 218.3 199.0 511.2 207.3 216.3 272.7 213.2 272.4 229.0 Spain 238.9 248.5 245.4 325.3 283.5 215.7 256.7 211.8 238.0 149.4 Sweden 310.3 309.7 229.7 347.9 251.5 320.8 308.5 274.4 295.9 469.9 Switzerland 383.2 340.8 232.3 674.6 292.9 288.5 426.4 308.0 365.0 397.7 Turkey 132.1 158.8 186.0 142.8 161.5 198.7 250.8 111.9 174.1 116.0 United Kingdom 260.7 302.4 197.1 279.9 433.6 250.9 323.0 270.4 325.3 228.5 United States 369.8 432.4 219.9 311.1 333.5 382.9 458.2 532.3 546.8 331.7 Total (47) 250.2 276.8 206.4 327.1 237.4 264.2 302.6 278.2 306.6 254.3 LATIN AMERICA Bolivia 41.3 42.3 77.2 21.4 14.8 51.8 57.2 23.0 76.0 9.1 Brazil 108.8 114.6 125.7 105.0 54.2 83.2 170.3 134.8 129.9 68.1 Colombia 84.4 90.6 90.8 98.1 83.9 121.9 57.3 55.8 85.4 77.9 Costa Rica 96.8 118.5 133.9 42.0 82.5 72.1 136.1 75.5 217.3 133.0 Cubae … … … … … … … … … … Dominican Republic 80.7 112.4 159.8 197.8 63.1 116.8 70.7 56.8 112.0 151.4 Ecuador 73.8 78.2 88.5 72.7 47.4 87.3 93.1 53.4 106.7 105.7 El Salvador 54.7 84.3 115.0 50.3 61.3 124.9 135.6 50.8 86.7 100.0 Guatemala 51.8 72.0 148.3 31.5 61.8 69.9 99.4 34.9 50.5 126.6 Haiti 11.6 19.5 61.5 22.1 15.0 19.7 16.2 5.4 11.2 2.2 Honduras 32.3 43.4 75.6 55.4 24.7 44.7 34.0 28.8 39.4 27.6 Nicaragua 30.5 41.5 52.8 36.8 20.6 63.6 47.0 33.5 41.6 27.5 Panama 114.2 122.8 114.5 25.1 109.3 198.9 169.7 62.9 163.3 195.8 Paraguay 53.4 64.7 99.9 34.1 37.1 57.5 103.8 38.2 47.8 90.7 Peru 81.6 82.7 109.5 68.2 76.0 64.9 67.9 47.6 85.6 80.2 Uruguay 128.8 149.2 164.1 120.6 89.3 202.6 153.0 140.9 108.9 233.9 Venezuela, RB 126.0 118.7 100.9 78.9 41.3 92.1 69.9 87.5 258.3 232.8 Total (17) 92.4 99.0 113.6 88.3 56.6 86.4 120.2 92.6 118.2 87.8 108 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 45.6 175.4 71.1 64.0 102.4 146.7 165.5 59.0 44.6 73.9 103.4 98.0 359.3 193.9 682.9 260.9 216.3 291.4 310.6 134.1 139.8 118.4 207.9 215.3 78.9 266.6 93.2 117.0 130.5 159.5 114.4 94.1 80.7 106.7 124.8 135.5 67.7 198.5 316.3 84.3 133.9 188.7 220.2 61.8 51.4 73.2 125.3 134.0 416.8 236.9 218.4 494.7 262.2 542.0 382.5 254.3 303.0 196.5 292.2 265.8 377.5 271.9 322.6 235.9 243.9 356.9 237.5 158.8 223.1 108.8 230.5 238.0 570.5 239.4 247.1 442.3 326.5 569.4 350.8 401.4 566.0 236.6 381.2 320.6 206.9 202.4 62.4 196.6 175.2 269.2 173.4 105.7 129.4 93.5 166.2 177.0 218.7 217.2 439.4 208.6 211.5 231.6 221.2 167.6 134.4 181.8 201.6 218.1 123.2 180.7 72.3 76.1 115.8 217.5 144.7 119.6 89.2 149.2 127.4 117.7 110.7 198.6 58.7 128.0 160.0 278.0 200.4 92.6 121.8 74.0 157.7 158.5 77.8 161.1 39.0 88.1 105.0 201.4 106.4 57.2 58.1 59.9 101.1 100.2 247.3 203.1 147.4 168.5 181.7 274.1 282.7 148.8 153.5 111.1 188.8 179.8 268.3 181.7 232.7 188.3 208.0 280.9 245.4 169.7 250.1 126.3 208.8 211.0 314.1 193.4 712.3 215.2 239.4 305.1 265.9 240.2 228.1 190.8 244.4 245.0 458.3 220.3 209.3 447.7 271.9 549.0 280.1 245.3 428.3 135.6 291.2 257.0 497.7 193.2 419.2 471.7 369.8 181.9 191.3 380.0 710.2 199.0 332.3 384.3 88.4 286.7 140.7 90.8 150.2 199.6 122.8 109.3 168.8 86.7 143.9 138.2 562.7 208.9 395.2 336.3 292.7 369.0 261.9 178.5 151.1 138.1 267.8 297.8 646.0 226.5 526.9 590.1 480.5 173.4 409.3 288.8 459.0 155.3 389.2 493.1 350.2 215.3 309.0 331.3 277.9 276.5 258.0 204.0 281.4 143.2 254.6 278.9 4.7 33.7 53.6 11.3 48.1 5.6 52.1 27.3 33.8 19.8 39.1 48.3 66.9 147.9 109.2 126.6 109.6 143.9 133.9 101.3 108.7 89.1 111.4 111.8 64.8 109.7 145.2 86.7 94.7 55.9 107.2 71.0 60.2 81.2 85.9 91.0 160.1 144.1 94.3 59.0 120.2 89.0 73.6 71.9 68.1 77.4 103.0 125.3 … … … … … … … … … … … … 32.8 111.5 188.2 115.8 123.3 28.9 64.9 43.1 27.0 60.8 88.8 123.4 50.8 111.9 47.7 60.4 81.6 48.6 58.6 70.9 42.7 46.8 76.1 81.0 53.4 76.3 65.8 41.6 91.0 33.0 41.4 23.3 26.3 22.4 64.4 87.5 30.3 53.4 78.5 30.9 77.9 27.6 38.4 27.6 31.3 26.5 56.8 75.6 6.9 12.8 0.5 4.2 22.6 1.3 0.1 13.0 0.6 27.3 15.9 22.7 24.1 55.4 43.4 27.7 46.5 20.3 26.7 29.7 36.2 23.1 38.5 46.4 17.3 66.3 38.3 29.6 43.6 24.2 37.7 18.4 15.9 19.4 34.4 40.0 90.4 117.4 93.6 97.2 128.1 76.9 104.3 95.6 102.2 97.8 114.5 118.6 46.0 99.7 48.9 50.7 68.1 37.1 27.5 31.4 25.9 34.1 52.3 70.4 68.9 107.0 109.0 76.9 88.6 36.1 66.3 70.7 55.4 87.0 78.5 89.5 65.3 131.9 185.9 112.2 153.4 106.8 96.1 102.0 81.4 115.8 131.3 142.3 66.5 212.7 184.5 40.9 121.9 91.7 117.0 91.4 70.7 115.4 114.9 124.8 60.0 127.6 109.7 92.2 99.0 94.2 102.7 79.8 77.8 77.9 93.8 99.6 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 109 Table 2.8 (Continued) Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, INDEX OF REAL beverages, water, household EXPENDITURES PER Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment CAPITA (world = 100) domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) CARIBBEAN Anguilla 202.6 244.2 153.3 214.1 167.0 320.7 202.1 53.6 524.8 697.4 Antigua and Barbuda 152.6 145.1 108.9 90.0 68.7 282.1 114.8 150.5 111.3 219.0 Aruba 267.6 277.6 126.2 46.6 187.4 612.4 180.2 376.3 331.2 309.4 Bahamas, The 168.2 180.0 113.0 91.9 119.2 348.9 125.7 133.9 151.8 233.1 Barbados 114.1 142.6 139.7 77.6 76.1 450.7 92.2 67.5 123.3 205.2 Belize 61.0 75.1 66.0 21.5 105.3 196.8 88.8 45.3 65.5 76.8 Bermuda 407.9 438.6 311.3 483.7 255.4 435.8 501.6 322.7 435.9 681.4 Bonairef … … 90.4 33.2 224.6 … 167.7 … 242.1 204.0 Cayman Islands 369.1 393.4 160.0 154.1 286.1 776.0 348.2 128.8 441.7 621.7 Curaçao 206.4 239.3 152.6 98.8 286.7 555.1 125.3 175.9 221.4 229.2 Dominica 74.2 100.2 87.0 24.6 148.9 164.9 75.2 61.8 177.0 137.1 Grenada 83.4 118.1 113.0 66.7 87.5 178.1 77.0 46.4 183.4 382.8 Jamaica 61.9 83.7 112.5 31.4 35.8 87.8 90.8 45.8 103.6 103.1 Montserrat 117.1 157.4 113.8 101.6 41.5 258.3 93.3 138.8 342.0 441.0 St. Kitts and Nevis 152.9 167.0 119.2 150.4 160.4 351.2 122.4 122.9 112.8 207.7 St. Lucia 73.5 87.0 94.7 45.6 109.6 169.4 56.5 44.2 76.0 139.9 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 73.4 96.6 95.6 187.8 43.7 187.8 64.1 67.5 166.5 172.2 Sint Maarten 245.0 223.2 115.0 40.1 294.6 556.6 183.2 84.9 287.2 269.6 Suriname 107.4 68.4 111.8 53.4 54.4 120.4 48.8 37.7 35.7 71.3 Trinidad and Tobago 213.5 181.5 203.0 48.1 48.2 155.5 115.6 132.3 187.7 136.5 Turks and Caicos Islands 155.1 87.8 88.6 58.2 101.6 43.6 79.8 78.2 215.9 86.3 Virgin Islands, British 225.0 124.4 134.3 177.5 305.5 129.0 298.0 64.8 160.0 165.8 Total (22) 121.5 125.7 132.0 54.8 70.3 180.3 102.9 82.5 134.1 145.2 WESTERN ASIA Bahrain 322.1 215.4 174.9 30.1 242.4 265.8 303.6 96.9 383.0 429.0 a Egypt, Arab Rep. 78.7 98.6 164.1 74.1 114.4 153.0 70.0 108.7 55.7 76.7 Iraq 82.7 62.2 86.7 8.9 55.8 134.0 50.4 45.7 46.5 34.4 Jordan 83.0 102.6 126.5 106.0 107.9 187.4 85.1 77.0 95.4 124.3 Kuwait 624.5 253.1 259.1 22.3 376.4 479.5 598.6 116.5 327.3 233.2 Oman 316.6 175.6 183.3 16.1 213.4 199.3 149.3 87.9 398.2 252.8 Qatar 1088.5 237.7 189.4 34.0 195.8 294.0 224.8 112.0 394.9 200.9 Saudi Arabia 357.8 205.8 169.6 25.2 212.7 379.7 281.3 123.3 198.5 254.1 Sudanb 26.8 26.7 65.5 4.3 43.7 24.5 37.4 5.3 17.6 13.3 United Arab Emirates 452.3 340.7 268.7 26.1 1023.8 623.6 360.8 31.9 802.2 889.2 West Bank and Gaza 28.5 47.1 83.4 33.1 70.6 27.2 56.3 43.0 35.1 48.7 Yemen, Rep. 27.6 31.9 54.8 64.8 36.6 46.2 15.9 36.4 19.0 9.6 Total (12) 130.0 99.2 128.0 42.0 134.4 165.5 102.1 70.7 100.5 110.4 110 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 115.5 206.6 147.2 318.3 257.8 94.7 414.7 200.9 117.1 268.9 238.4 258.2 54.2 187.9 87.5 148.4 135.9 225.2 297.8 150.0 63.6 222.1 153.8 113.5 238.9 256.2 77.5 204.3 238.5 596.9 450.4 398.2 252.2 508.4 311.2 181.8 122.7 147.5 186.6 223.1 185.5 117.6 316.0 226.5 294.5 189.2 198.5 160.1 86.2 101.7 403.8 107.5 146.3 98.1 246.7 101.5 129.5 88.2 136.8 88.7 52.3 63.6 6.8 26.7 80.0 29.3 106.9 24.7 31.6 20.5 63.4 55.2 434.3 521.8 919.8 552.0 424.7 498.6 502.7 573.3 1111.7 304.9 468.5 421.8 … … 196.1 … 169.6 … … … … … … 154.5 282.3 322.9 378.6 587.7 412.9 196.7 481.3 428.2 601.7 338.2 399.2 354.1 133.9 138.9 102.4 422.8 242.9 185.9 264.8 310.1 477.6 136.9 259.6 196.0 48.0 109.8 47.1 58.7 102.8 67.6 145.0 67.0 83.3 57.3 85.6 90.3 35.7 185.0 32.6 75.2 120.4 85.1 125.4 64.9 65.3 66.1 104.0 108.5 92.0 116.2 155.0 79.1 85.3 61.8 83.4 50.6 56.3 47.5 75.1 80.1 63.0 191.1 8.9 137.2 148.2 218.5 618.6 161.2 102.0 210.4 183.3 130.9 67.9 321.9 168.4 127.6 160.2 220.6 407.6 166.5 110.2 207.5 177.7 127.7 20.3 145.8 15.9 79.2 88.2 66.9 124.9 87.8 65.3 103.6 88.4 76.5 73.5 118.5 34.3 65.1 94.2 108.6 127.1 71.9 46.6 93.7 92.4 81.4 140.1 122.0 55.1 206.0 229.2 144.6 554.3 200.9 331.0 81.0 234.1 171.0 32.9 11.7 14.4 71.2 73.3 16.2 204.3 143.0 276.9 47.8 101.3 75.8 174.4 390.0 236.4 233.1 157.1 384.6 74.6 149.8 182.1 129.1 166.7 168.5 73.2 125.4 54.6 90.7 89.9 59.9 513.7 90.1 125.4 72.9 111.0 102.4 75.1 81.6 107.3 61.7 128.0 79.0 194.7 215.6 361.5 138.5 143.4 136.1 107.2 173.8 161.1 136.3 122.0 147.2 144.0 113.9 145.9 93.4 123.4 113.3 235.7 258.3 186.7 122.7 229.8 130.2 291.4 241.6 154.9 329.0 224.9 248.5 41.6 135.9 43.8 62.5 101.0 68.3 127.4 34.1 28.4 39.3 82.2 95.2 9.0 135.3 8.4 11.0 55.8 104.2 221.8 51.2 53.8 51.8 70.0 46.0 23.1 196.3 28.2 23.4 102.6 97.6 149.9 59.9 36.6 74.5 95.6 90.8 123.0 218.7 95.6 103.5 261.1 198.6 566.7 475.1 441.7 417.6 328.6 246.5 86.6 233.0 77.1 119.5 171.5 188.0 414.6 399.2 313.0 430.2 231.7 177.2 272.1 296.6 76.8 284.5 239.9 235.7 707.8 1904.9 2034.7 659.2 572.8 236.2 88.1 349.6 129.2 83.5 188.4 286.8 370.4 415.1 333.0 424.8 274.9 175.8 8.8 17.6 12.9 6.1 29.0 3.2 37.6 24.9 21.9 29.5 27.6 29.6 136.6 151.8 200.4 128.1 412.4 29.6 215.9 599.7 583.6 536.7 365.3 371.8 17.4 73.2 15.3 30.5 44.9 55.1 87.1 22.5 10.5 27.9 42.8 48.2 1.8 40.6 0.2 11.4 32.7 23.7 49.3 11.5 2.5 15.0 28.9 32.1 39.5 136.0 45.8 46.4 100.1 87.7 164.0 124.8 109.3 118.0 107.8 93.5 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 111 Table 2.8 (Continued) Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, INDEX OF REAL beverages, water, household EXPENDITURES PER Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment CAPITA (world = 100) domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) SINGLETONS Georgia 47.1 70.0 94.6 143.0 21.6 124.3 42.5 80.5 45.7 83.0 Iran, Islamic Rep. 129.9 99.2 108.2 24.7 54.3 179.7 58.2 109.3 66.3 171.6 Total (2) 125.3 97.6 107.5 31.4 52.4 176.5 57.3 107.7 65.1 166.6 WORLDg (179) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source: ICP, http://icp.worldbank.org/. Note: n.a. = not applicable; ... = data suppressed because of incompleteness. a. The Arab Republic of Egypt participated in both the Africa and Western Asia regions. The regional results for Egypt were averaged by taking the geometric mean of the regional PPPs, allowing Egypt to have the same global results in each region. b. Sudan participated in both the Africa and Western Asia regions. The regional results for Sudan were averaged by taking the geometric mean of the regional PPPs, allowing Sudan to have the same global results in each region. c. The results presented in the tables are based on data supplied by all the participating economies and compiled in accordance with ICP principles and the procedures recommended by the 2011 ICP Technical Advisory Group. The results for China are estimated by the 2011 ICP Asia and the Pacific Regional Office and the Global Office. The National Bureau of Statistics of China does not recognize these results as official statistics. d. The Russian Federation participated in both the CIS and Eurostat-OECD comparisons. The PPPs for Russia are based on the Eurostat-OECD comparison. They were the basis for linking the CIS comparison to the ICP. e. The official GDP of Cuba for reference year 2011 is 68,990.15 million in national currency. However, this number and its breakdown into main aggregates are not shown in the tables because of methodological comparability issues. Therefore, Cuba’s results are provided only for the PPP and price level index. In addition, Cuba’s figures are not included in the Latin America and world totals. f. Bonaire’s results are provided only for the individual consumption expenditure by households. Therefore, to ensure consistency across the tables, Bonaire is not included in the Caribbean or the world total. g. This table does not include the Pacific Islands and does not double count the dual participation economies: the Arab Republic of Egypt, Sudan, and the Russian Federation. 112 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants neous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 65.2 143.0 28.4 38.2 67.0 55.1 114.0 23.6 36.1 16.2 57.9 61.2 34.1 183.5 14.1 69.4 95.2 103.9 225.7 93.3 89.6 116.6 117.3 85.5 35.9 181.2 14.9 67.6 93.7 101.1 219.4 89.4 86.6 111.0 114.0 84.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Presentation and Analysis of Results 113 Table 2.9 Price Level Indexes (World = 100), ICP 2011 Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, PRICE LEVEL INDEX beverages, water, household (world = 100) Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) AFRICA Algeria 53.9 49.4 77.7 78.0 70.8 45.2 55.2 27.5 41.8 67.8 Angola 94.0 93.0 140.7 61.0 110.2 79.8 112.1 80.4 83.4 129.0 Benin 58.5 54.8 87.7 52.1 53.2 53.0 64.2 39.7 50.8 71.4 Botswana 71.0 74.1 106.0 100.8 65.0 89.2 97.3 51.2 66.7 65.6 Burkina Faso 58.4 53.8 91.1 56.6 48.2 43.6 61.8 38.8 62.1 73.2 Burundi 43.5 43.1 71.8 73.0 40.1 26.7 56.4 21.1 73.4 88.3 Cameroon 62.1 56.4 83.3 63.3 70.6 44.1 78.1 51.4 63.6 108.8 Cape Verde 79.4 70.0 103.7 80.4 86.9 73.2 71.7 50.6 82.4 64.6 Central African Republic 69.9 64.5 116.0 71.9 57.7 36.6 83.5 41.2 71.4 119.2 Chad 68.4 61.0 95.9 72.6 58.3 59.9 76.9 40.1 66.9 105.7 Comoros 75.6 70.8 112.2 112.2 76.1 57.7 110.5 46.3 77.1 137.2 Congo, Rep. 79.1 72.9 128.9 71.5 78.1 46.9 83.0 47.2 84.8 121.9 Congo, Dem. Rep. 73.2 66.7 120.9 84.5 67.0 41.2 69.1 40.6 75.7 98.7 Côte d’Ivoire 62.4 58.1 91.1 63.6 69.5 45.5 62.9 35.5 66.1 99.5 Djibouti 68.2 66.1 95.9 72.2 69.1 58.2 71.1 56.6 72.0 67.3 Egypt, Arab Rep.a 35.1 33.6 64.3 59.1 42.4 16.3 52.1 21.5 35.3 44.0 Equatorial Guinea 80.5 80.3 139.4 61.7 77.7 63.8 107.4 54.2 81.7 89.7 Ethiopia 37.5 36.4 58.6 45.7 42.3 37.1 45.9 21.8 43.3 43.2 Gabon 86.9 88.3 155.2 59.6 91.1 79.0 87.6 65.6 71.1 143.2 Gambia, The 43.5 41.3 74.6 44.8 28.1 36.2 44.9 23.0 42.3 37.5 Ghana 59.7 59.0 116.0 70.1 55.7 41.9 64.4 29.1 46.2 65.8 Guinea 49.0 43.6 90.3 48.9 39.5 16.2 46.7 27.6 48.7 70.9 Guinea-Bissau 60.1 58.6 94.7 67.1 67.4 51.0 76.4 32.7 68.8 80.5 Kenya 49.8 46.5 71.9 64.3 41.1 33.5 51.3 29.9 66.3 41.1 Lesotho 69.7 62.7 90.9 80.9 62.5 49.5 79.9 43.2 69.9 81.3 Liberia 66.7 64.7 108.8 78.6 54.8 80.0 59.3 34.2 66.1 92.0 Madagascar 42.9 39.9 64.4 48.4 32.0 41.3 42.9 22.5 58.0 76.8 Malawi 63.1 58.2 100.1 65.2 48.8 28.7 73.7 29.5 100.0 76.4 Mali 57.4 53.4 79.9 52.8 55.2 53.2 67.8 30.4 72.7 77.2 Mauritania 52.3 45.2 73.2 52.0 36.8 38.3 50.7 30.5 48.0 68.5 Mauritius 71.6 71.8 103.4 115.4 60.9 55.3 83.2 45.3 104.3 68.6 Morocco 58.6 59.5 93.1 123.0 65.2 34.8 67.1 56.4 63.7 90.2 Mozambique 71.1 63.1 99.7 67.1 59.5 42.5 84.5 50.5 69.0 88.6 Namibia 82.8 82.2 124.6 84.0 62.7 98.3 73.1 65.3 81.7 76.1 Niger 60.4 55.5 95.6 66.3 40.4 49.9 50.0 40.9 61.2 104.7 Nigeria 62.3 58.8 106.7 56.5 50.4 52.0 49.2 31.9 55.2 78.8 Rwanda 55.9 48.5 73.3 67.0 57.6 35.6 44.9 30.5 74.4 63.6 São Tomé and Príncipe 62.4 64.3 108.1 72.7 68.6 57.8 78.6 35.0 71.2 85.6 114 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants Miscellaneous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 41.4 25.3 50.9 46.4 52.0 32.3 32.1 75.2 108.8 63.9 53.2 51.7 112.9 73.1 142.1 81.1 94.0 87.7 83.2 79.3 116.6 66.1 91.4 99.8 59.7 43.2 65.8 34.7 56.9 46.3 42.7 83.0 108.1 75.4 58.7 60.4 72.1 53.2 98.7 60.9 77.4 54.9 65.0 62.6 104.3 47.0 70.0 79.0 65.8 30.3 51.3 42.3 56.2 42.4 52.5 78.1 114.6 65.5 58.6 60.8 53.5 19.5 51.5 35.2 46.1 24.8 29.4 71.8 104.2 60.9 45.8 52.1 66.4 44.1 70.6 42.1 58.2 58.3 56.4 86.9 104.5 88.5 61.9 62.4 73.3 57.1 64.5 55.3 71.9 61.4 69.2 97.2 115.9 96.1 76.4 75.3 70.8 29.0 70.9 52.5 67.7 42.7 65.4 90.2 116.7 84.4 69.1 74.0 56.0 31.3 81.3 43.3 63.5 54.8 57.1 97.6 117.1 100.9 68.0 67.2 87.2 42.4 78.7 67.3 74.3 52.6 63.2 87.0 116.8 79.8 73.5 81.7 79.8 54.1 78.7 45.2 75.0 65.9 73.3 107.8 116.9 102.8 82.7 80.6 61.6 32.8 93.2 57.6 69.8 53.3 65.4 95.2 117.4 91.2 72.5 78.7 74.3 52.5 58.2 42.7 59.6 56.4 59.3 77.6 115.6 63.8 61.7 63.6 78.2 52.7 84.4 59.3 68.1 59.2 61.9 70.1 106.7 56.7 67.3 72.9 33.4 21.6 42.3 28.6 36.1 17.7 19.1 58.9 95.4 47.6 35.3 40.7 100.3 49.8 87.8 65.7 81.2 82.2 124.8 76.4 118.0 60.2 80.4 85.3 33.1 15.6 30.4 25.0 38.4 23.2 29.2 56.1 112.2 33.7 39.5 39.0 73.6 81.5 99.5 67.2 90.8 79.2 79.4 94.4 116.3 103.2 89.4 94.0 38.4 28.8 65.2 30.0 43.8 24.4 29.7 68.2 117.6 45.9 45.0 46.7 60.9 36.5 84.0 41.3 62.2 40.5 51.8 62.8 124.0 36.8 59.5 66.7 45.6 18.8 62.2 35.6 46.3 21.3 30.4 77.3 113.8 65.0 48.7 53.9 74.4 19.6 79.3 45.6 62.8 25.3 41.6 78.7 117.5 64.9 59.8 66.2 49.6 46.7 50.9 33.0 47.6 42.1 53.9 66.3 103.2 52.2 50.9 53.0 57.0 64.0 86.9 47.1 63.5 61.7 72.6 80.5 117.6 67.1 67.9 69.2 57.3 32.5 65.0 45.5 67.7 48.7 56.5 74.0 116.9 54.0 66.1 68.5 36.4 23.3 27.7 28.4 41.5 34.2 42.7 68.2 111.5 51.4 44.6 43.8 75.8 50.6 85.1 42.2 59.7 54.7 79.4 79.1 118.1 64.9 63.0 67.5 53.8 36.3 74.7 38.6 56.1 37.9 46.4 77.6 110.4 66.9 57.5 58.5 46.9 32.9 65.7 37.0 47.1 34.5 42.5 78.7 118.5 64.4 53.0 50.6 65.5 56.2 109.9 60.3 76.0 44.4 49.2 74.2 103.1 64.2 70.5 79.0 59.0 51.5 70.9 50.8 61.8 47.0 55.6 57.0 101.6 39.9 58.7 70.2 61.5 74.6 58.0 41.8 63.7 73.7 97.7 88.2 109.1 82.9 70.1 69.3 75.4 54.3 106.8 53.8 84.3 71.1 76.4 73.9 115.6 58.5 80.8 83.4 62.5 25.6 64.8 42.3 57.8 44.7 58.7 78.8 94.4 79.1 60.8 61.1 55.9 47.3 66.7 36.8 61.6 43.3 50.9 78.1 116.9 64.2 61.7 64.3 56.5 50.4 54.1 39.9 48.9 60.0 83.3 80.9 107.2 71.2 56.6 53.9 76.2 31.0 75.3 42.7 69.0 29.8 32.4 68.5 117.3 43.4 62.3 73.5 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 115 Table 2.9 (Continued) Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, PRICE LEVEL INDEX beverages, water, household (world = 100) Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) Senegal 64.6 60.3 95.7 70.7 54.2 51.5 59.1 41.5 72.1 86.2 Seychelles 69.7 70.3 107.9 162.7 84.2 49.1 87.2 38.9 89.9 81.8 Sierra Leone 46.2 46.0 85.2 45.7 33.4 28.6 49.2 25.2 59.9 85.6 South Africa 84.8 81.9 102.0 86.3 90.7 78.2 105.3 75.4 88.3 79.2 Sudanb 59.2 62.7 100.7 107.1 41.4 57.7 66.1 31.1 78.4 82.2 Swaziland 69.3 65.6 91.8 80.9 72.1 62.0 74.1 41.5 73.1 71.2 Tanzania 42.9 42.7 67.4 61.0 37.8 45.8 46.7 20.3 48.4 46.5 Togo 58.8 55.4 95.2 58.5 51.3 43.0 63.6 35.4 79.7 115.6 Tunisia 54.2 55.2 84.7 87.7 89.4 44.7 65.3 41.9 57.0 43.4 Uganda 42.6 42.9 62.8 57.9 46.2 43.0 51.3 27.9 58.8 55.2 Zambia 63.1 59.8 89.9 81.8 59.8 47.9 75.2 35.8 90.1 142.7 Zimbabwe 65.0 61.2 92.1 54.6 70.3 53.5 93.0 40.9 81.1 89.3 Total (50) 58.6 55.0 86.9 71.7 56.0 39.1 65.4 37.8 61.1 68.0 ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Bangladesh 40.3 38.3 59.0 32.3 43.0 29.8 41.7 22.2 60.3 13.9 Bhutan 46.6 41.9 58.5 78.1 39.5 39.1 55.3 29.6 48.8 31.4 Brunei Darussalam 73.5 80.5 95.0 206.5 96.4 70.2 144.5 67.0 63.3 138.7 Cambodia 42.8 41.6 64.1 44.2 35.9 47.4 45.9 19.6 57.4 48.1 c China 70.0 67.4 89.1 108.0 82.8 56.1 89.1 48.4 65.5 50.9 Fiji 75.0 77.8 93.7 95.6 65.1 106.5 86.0 54.4 83.9 101.4 Hong Kong SAR, China 90.5 89.4 107.1 116.5 66.8 105.7 91.9 101.4 95.6 47.6 India 41.7 37.4 49.9 59.6 32.0 29.8 51.8 17.3 56.4 32.0 Indonesia 53.0 53.0 78.4 94.7 68.7 47.4 55.6 43.7 59.3 60.8 Lao PDR 39.6 39.4 73.3 53.9 36.2 22.9 50.2 19.9 66.3 31.8 Macao SAR, China 73.8 81.4 107.2 75.4 86.6 84.1 105.3 76.2 82.0 55.1 Malaysia 61.5 60.2 83.0 109.4 72.7 45.3 81.2 46.6 68.7 81.1 Maldives 75.3 80.9 87.7 55.4 60.2 172.1 78.2 37.7 75.3 45.3 Mongolia 54.7 50.9 79.6 53.3 68.3 53.3 85.9 20.4 55.4 77.1 Myanmar 37.0 35.0 62.9 60.2 35.5 29.7 46.4 15.2 65.9 47.4 Nepal 42.9 40.0 58.0 58.4 35.7 35.2 44.5 18.5 84.0 45.9 Pakistan 36.4 33.8 54.0 39.7 38.3 23.3 48.8 15.5 49.3 32.5 Philippines 53.2 50.8 71.1 48.8 64.6 45.2 53.2 44.6 56.8 89.0 Singapore 91.4 110.7 121.1 255.0 88.9 146.1 113.6 100.5 121.1 97.3 Sri Lanka 45.1 42.5 69.1 49.4 39.9 32.4 60.5 21.8 60.6 37.1 Taiwan, China 66.1 64.0 91.6 83.6 55.8 69.5 84.1 39.9 68.3 40.2 Thailand 52.3 49.2 73.1 82.2 45.6 33.2 67.7 36.2 62.1 48.8 Vietnam 42.2 40.8 64.5 38.7 37.0 46.7 47.4 16.5 74.0 52.6 Total (23) 59.7 54.5 70.3 79.3 57.2 45.7 73.3 39.5 62.5 49.4 116 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants Miscellaneous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 59.3 47.4 74.9 45.6 62.2 55.1 57.0 80.8 111.1 70.9 64.2 66.8 70.3 45.6 180.8 63.0 76.1 38.0 37.7 92.6 116.4 89.2 69.0 83.0 44.5 35.1 52.1 34.1 48.6 27.4 35.0 63.7 108.5 43.3 48.8 54.0 79.7 84.3 100.0 69.6 83.2 78.6 85.9 82.6 107.6 78.1 83.4 88.6 62.5 41.5 51.2 54.4 66.5 29.6 31.2 61.6 106.3 45.7 58.7 68.8 66.3 79.6 73.7 58.0 66.5 68.7 78.5 65.6 117.0 45.0 68.4 69.8 45.1 35.0 43.2 30.2 44.4 33.9 46.8 49.0 106.2 28.9 44.6 46.4 75.0 26.1 68.0 35.7 58.7 33.5 47.2 80.1 122.5 64.7 59.1 63.5 62.2 32.3 64.2 45.1 59.0 34.2 39.8 56.6 116.2 36.6 54.4 63.0 45.1 27.2 46.8 31.8 44.8 32.6 43.3 51.3 116.5 30.9 44.3 46.8 62.0 65.9 59.6 37.6 61.5 57.2 64.7 67.2 109.9 51.7 62.6 65.8 63.4 45.8 79.6 41.6 63.9 47.5 53.5 86.3 116.6 76.2 64.7 67.6 55.9 42.0 61.3 46.7 57.2 43.0 48.9 70.5 108.1 55.8 58.0 61.4 43.4 24.9 36.0 47.0 40.0 28.7 35.8 48.1 86.3 37.7 40.4 42.6 41.3 32.3 33.9 41.5 43.4 33.4 33.1 62.2 108.8 47.8 46.9 43.7 78.2 80.2 85.8 80.3 80.9 76.8 60.1 87.7 98.2 88.6 80.1 84.3 41.0 18.5 37.0 47.2 44.9 20.9 30.8 49.7 88.7 36.8 42.5 47.0 49.4 69.2 55.9 73.6 68.2 61.0 73.1 76.1 102.8 68.9 70.1 72.2 73.7 55.9 74.8 74.3 80.9 61.7 59.2 70.2 97.0 64.5 74.4 75.3 56.8 117.0 76.1 77.7 88.2 115.4 117.1 93.6 100.5 105.1 91.9 86.3 41.2 29.6 46.6 46.6 38.3 35.2 43.3 52.8 88.2 41.9 41.8 40.7 45.5 32.7 48.6 48.7 55.7 37.1 46.6 54.2 88.6 44.6 52.8 56.9 48.4 10.2 45.0 48.3 43.3 14.1 21.7 47.2 88.4 34.7 39.8 47.8 64.0 69.2 72.7 82.9 81.3 83.7 96.1 80.9 85.3 81.6 82.4 82.4 53.9 52.4 47.2 65.3 61.8 52.5 56.0 67.8 92.4 61.9 61.8 65.8 63.9 53.2 48.0 63.2 87.2 50.9 48.9 78.0 95.4 76.4 74.8 66.4 55.9 24.1 51.8 64.1 55.6 25.3 35.2 69.4 102.2 60.3 55.0 56.5 36.9 9.6 31.3 50.6 40.2 13.1 20.0 49.4 94.1 34.3 36.8 43.4 39.4 23.1 37.4 46.2 41.5 32.9 46.3 56.1 88.3 46.5 43.7 43.4 34.3 23.3 40.5 42.4 35.1 27.7 30.4 50.9 92.5 38.1 36.5 37.8 49.6 34.8 44.7 54.2 52.0 49.6 60.9 57.9 93.3 46.9 53.1 55.7 66.9 129.6 76.6 99.1 111.1 121.5 92.0 84.0 93.7 87.5 100.2 108.4 39.4 22.9 57.0 50.8 45.5 24.1 31.4 60.6 101.1 48.6 45.5 48.4 54.7 67.6 49.3 61.6 64.7 65.8 67.0 72.3 88.5 73.0 66.2 64.9 47.9 40.2 37.0 56.0 50.2 44.4 56.3 57.8 92.9 45.4 52.3 54.7 36.7 17.0 36.7 44.1 44.3 19.5 23.7 52.5 87.5 42.4 41.9 44.2 49.8 49.2 52.0 59.7 54.9 53.7 58.6 69.2 98.1 60.5 59.2 57.7 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 117 Table 2.9 (Continued) Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, PRICE LEVEL INDEX beverages, water, household (world = 100) Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES Armenia 64.8 51.0 92.0 44.7 101.9 16.7 73.8 33.4 71.4 80.5 Azerbaijan 58.8 44.5 70.2 40.7 88.5 15.0 64.8 33.1 65.6 69.9 Belarus 43.5 34.2 55.5 30.5 76.1 10.6 59.5 23.4 57.3 33.0 Kazakhstan 70.5 60.0 80.1 42.1 92.2 52.5 73.1 38.8 72.7 68.3 Kyrgyz Republic 49.6 39.2 75.1 32.0 86.2 10.2 59.6 25.8 62.0 43.2 Moldova 60.8 48.8 73.9 36.7 97.7 28.2 69.9 32.8 76.8 59.2 Russian Federationd 76.2 63.0 97.1 51.9 101.7 31.1 75.1 57.4 87.6 62.3 Tajikistan 48.7 40.1 75.9 42.0 101.8 10.3 74.0 20.5 79.2 33.4 Ukraine 55.6 44.6 70.2 38.9 93.8 16.8 58.1 31.0 67.2 53.6 Total (9) 71.8 58.6 89.0 49.2 99.5 28.6 72.4 48.8 82.5 60.5 EUROSTAT-OECD Albania 57.8 58.6 86.5 50.0 98.7 53.8 84.9 38.1 98.0 121.8 Australia 201.0 193.5 188.0 231.0 187.9 257.0 144.2 247.0 144.2 153.3 Austria 148.8 147.3 152.1 108.3 138.2 145.5 129.2 160.6 150.3 129.2 Belgium 150.4 151.8 139.3 114.2 155.1 174.5 125.0 157.6 144.9 166.9 Bosnia and Herzegovina 66.4 68.2 96.6 56.4 148.7 43.0 76.6 65.2 103.1 111.4 Bulgaria 60.5 58.2 86.9 74.7 113.2 42.9 75.0 36.2 93.4 102.5 Canada 161.9 160.2 174.4 188.9 150.7 169.0 142.6 186.0 134.3 170.0 Chile 92.8 91.0 118.3 94.0 121.6 92.5 100.1 88.7 92.1 123.5 Croatia 91.6 92.5 118.4 93.3 143.5 74.4 97.4 75.1 117.0 109.1 Cyprus 120.6 121.4 142.1 112.2 136.4 106.1 110.6 120.1 121.4 81.6 Czech Republic 98.2 94.8 105.0 98.5 139.7 109.8 100.0 73.9 111.5 158.6 Denmark 185.0 196.4 180.6 144.5 177.8 237.6 143.4 200.2 195.7 134.0 Estonia 93.9 93.1 110.1 93.6 139.8 102.4 99.8 66.9 116.3 102.2 Finland 162.6 164.8 147.9 156.6 168.4 199.3 133.4 156.2 164.6 110.7 France 151.4 148.3 138.7 125.2 144.1 180.2 131.3 145.4 147.3 160.9 Germany 139.6 135.3 134.3 109.4 141.9 165.0 116.1 121.3 149.0 111.6 Greece 124.3 122.9 134.2 113.9 130.5 128.3 116.7 100.7 134.4 174.8 Hungary 79.3 75.2 104.0 70.9 113.1 70.5 82.8 50.5 118.9 148.7 Iceland 148.3 145.5 143.9 192.5 188.6 118.0 142.5 146.2 163.6 113.1 Ireland 148.3 163.0 153.9 211.2 144.1 177.8 124.3 199.6 149.6 161.7 Israel 142.2 140.7 157.7 136.8 145.1 147.6 116.3 138.3 140.3 178.3 Italy 137.7 138.2 142.3 117.2 147.8 152.3 126.2 143.0 135.0 142.5 Japan 173.6 170.4 232.2 134.3 165.6 199.2 155.1 154.2 152.7 171.3 Korea, Rep. 99.4 95.6 157.1 84.3 156.6 68.1 96.0 69.9 97.7 77.6 Latvia 88.1 86.9 110.8 101.5 148.5 81.6 93.1 55.7 112.4 110.4 Lithuania 81.4 78.9 99.5 87.1 142.4 66.2 91.1 54.4 112.4 79.6 Luxembourg 162.4 182.9 147.9 102.8 140.3 256.7 130.6 215.7 134.2 123.1 Macedonia, FYR 54.5 55.0 75.3 46.3 99.1 47.2 72.5 33.9 90.1 100.8 118 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants Miscellaneous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 58.2 19.6 74.7 46.7 58.9 22.6 40.0 135.7 108.5 172.3 63.2 72.3 53.8 24.7 69.6 38.5 49.8 26.5 42.4 130.3 104.6 166.8 57.2 58.5 41.5 16.1 57.8 40.6 39.0 17.2 32.4 93.4 84.7 109.2 43.4 45.7 64.6 28.3 74.6 42.0 68.0 30.8 45.4 122.1 103.2 150.7 69.0 64.0 54.1 15.1 72.5 32.1 45.3 18.1 29.1 127.1 111.1 151.9 50.3 54.7 58.0 23.7 60.4 42.5 55.4 25.8 30.7 128.2 99.4 166.4 59.7 65.0 75.3 41.2 93.6 58.1 68.1 43.3 70.4 124.1 98.4 159.4 74.5 76.7 39.1 11.3 63.5 38.1 48.7 12.0 21.9 124.9 97.3 163.3 50.7 57.8 57.7 26.4 78.2 41.7 49.6 26.4 39.1 112.7 94.0 140.1 54.9 57.7 71.0 34.2 88.2 54.6 64.0 37.9 63.7 121.9 97.9 154.7 70.1 71.8 62.5 9.5 51.9 53.5 68.4 20.6 37.5 74.6 99.5 70.4 60.2 72.2 149.5 280.2 157.7 162.8 187.8 234.5 185.7 229.7 127.9 364.7 201.6 176.1 134.0 268.7 131.3 130.5 140.5 181.0 172.3 143.8 101.1 207.5 149.1 143.7 124.9 242.9 140.8 137.0 145.8 174.6 184.4 128.8 102.5 167.0 150.3 142.8 69.8 35.0 76.9 65.5 73.5 46.8 55.2 75.2 99.2 64.9 68.6 82.5 60.7 31.4 56.3 55.7 64.9 32.2 35.8 81.6 92.1 78.0 59.7 73.4 136.1 256.1 157.1 137.9 154.9 195.0 163.3 157.9 99.3 226.1 161.0 151.8 98.3 59.7 93.5 81.4 96.6 66.5 71.2 100.8 97.6 112.8 91.9 100.1 90.6 89.1 111.2 82.4 97.2 74.3 71.9 92.1 96.9 96.8 90.9 104.7 116.8 217.7 124.5 107.0 118.0 147.1 121.2 110.3 101.6 127.9 120.0 123.7 86.7 86.3 74.3 84.2 100.5 73.7 81.2 110.2 98.6 127.7 97.2 101.2 165.3 296.2 191.2 179.8 189.7 214.3 199.6 152.1 110.2 221.3 188.1 185.2 96.2 74.1 92.0 82.6 100.9 66.3 69.6 100.7 97.8 109.0 92.9 102.2 150.4 224.8 161.6 152.4 162.5 170.0 162.2 149.1 110.1 198.2 162.3 156.5 129.3 201.7 128.7 133.4 145.9 155.4 167.1 147.4 100.8 208.4 150.5 140.7 127.0 177.1 127.0 118.0 135.6 133.1 152.5 148.6 98.8 217.9 139.9 134.0 120.4 147.5 123.0 108.1 125.7 110.5 109.0 130.4 115.5 154.8 123.4 124.4 73.1 59.4 64.0 66.5 81.8 51.9 62.9 94.0 89.3 103.8 77.7 88.0 152.4 208.8 146.6 130.7 142.7 153.4 133.9 174.3 119.6 252.1 150.0 150.5 137.2 185.1 157.1 151.3 157.8 182.6 149.1 111.5 103.5 128.9 152.8 155.5 134.8 163.5 150.4 121.6 142.4 136.7 128.4 146.9 143.0 174.2 141.5 141.5 129.9 169.0 133.7 122.6 136.9 145.1 157.1 120.9 101.6 147.2 137.2 135.9 142.3 204.5 145.9 149.2 173.5 159.9 165.4 180.2 122.5 269.6 172.7 170.1 88.5 130.1 120.2 83.4 98.2 86.5 97.6 105.5 90.9 127.6 98.6 105.7 85.9 63.0 99.6 79.0 94.7 55.4 62.8 102.7 96.7 114.2 87.8 100.3 81.0 60.5 79.5 73.3 85.8 53.6 57.7 99.0 94.4 108.4 80.9 93.7 131.4 483.6 134.1 150.2 164.1 260.2 198.3 132.3 100.8 174.3 171.2 145.1 58.7 24.4 51.4 50.6 61.9 27.9 36.5 73.3 94.5 67.0 56.5 66.9 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 119 Table 2.9 (Continued) Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, PRICE LEVEL INDEX beverages, water, household (world = 100) Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) Malta 100.1 100.6 121.6 114.4 137.5 83.8 114.1 86.0 128.4 127.3 Mexico 79.6 77.2 86.6 79.1 82.9 112.8 78.1 78.4 86.7 112.8 Montenegro 66.1 67.4 95.3 59.5 136.1 54.8 81.7 51.1 98.4 100.8 Netherlands 149.1 149.4 123.9 121.9 151.3 179.1 120.9 164.4 154.3 167.2 New Zealand 151.4 145.4 159.1 195.4 135.9 186.4 125.6 130.5 133.2 187.8 Norway 206.4 220.0 232.2 307.7 214.0 210.0 157.0 253.1 215.2 132.2 Poland 79.3 73.1 78.9 87.1 138.1 64.4 77.5 51.8 99.1 94.1 Portugal 112.5 115.5 114.3 101.2 146.8 122.8 108.4 121.5 132.2 153.3 Romania 68.3 68.8 91.2 89.2 125.6 79.4 80.6 38.9 99.5 94.0 d Russian Federation 76.2 63.0 97.1 51.9 101.7 31.1 75.1 57.4 87.6 62.3 Serbia 65.6 66.7 95.0 57.2 142.9 56.9 90.4 49.8 101.7 76.1 Slovak Republic 91.1 87.0 109.2 94.7 131.7 81.2 98.3 56.4 107.6 169.3 Slovenia 112.1 112.9 122.0 93.2 138.0 111.8 110.0 103.1 120.3 121.7 Spain 126.5 129.7 119.5 101.1 124.9 154.1 116.8 136.1 133.7 204.7 Sweden 175.1 177.2 154.6 162.1 178.5 186.8 142.8 186.4 173.0 108.3 Switzerland 209.6 225.3 199.8 147.5 189.5 328.1 152.1 259.2 170.0 164.7 Turkey 75.7 74.6 105.7 107.7 90.6 62.7 80.1 62.9 107.0 111.6 United Kingdom 144.2 146.7 123.1 180.9 113.7 203.0 122.8 140.9 145.7 131.7 United States 129.0 124.7 111.7 125.4 123.0 136.7 98.8 154.5 91.6 137.6 Total (47) 130.5 126.9 127.3 110.7 130.7 139.3 111.3 137.3 115.8 129.3 LATIN AMERICA Bolivia 54.8 50.3 70.9 62.6 74.9 25.3 60.6 62.0 48.3 98.5 Brazil 113.4 110.8 110.9 88.5 238.3 118.0 114.3 81.5 133.0 239.7 Colombia 81.1 77.3 97.6 81.0 118.3 47.6 106.2 72.2 91.3 143.1 Costa Rica 88.4 84.3 113.7 87.7 128.0 50.2 97.4 124.7 82.2 70.2 Cubae 41.5 36.7 52.9 63.6 48.5 14.4 58.7 31.6 46.1 77.3 Dominican Republic 65.8 63.2 82.1 86.4 88.6 52.0 82.0 60.3 82.3 79.5 Ecuador 67.9 64.6 88.1 69.9 104.1 45.3 87.5 59.5 53.1 102.6 El Salvador 64.9 62.4 88.7 83.9 109.7 40.7 83.7 63.9 52.9 72.4 Guatemala 60.1 58.5 83.7 87.5 86.5 43.7 53.4 62.7 59.9 96.6 Haiti 60.8 61.4 86.7 50.8 133.5 39.5 56.6 57.6 55.6 87.4 Honduras 67.7 65.2 84.1 65.5 122.2 45.0 76.3 74.2 68.7 129.5 Nicaragua 51.3 47.7 74.4 61.2 67.2 23.9 52.8 49.0 58.4 99.1 Panama 70.6 65.2 90.2 73.0 109.3 45.7 78.6 70.7 64.2 57.6 Paraguay 68.8 65.1 88.7 63.5 143.0 38.1 74.8 69.1 75.8 68.4 Peru 71.2 66.1 86.0 72.5 108.7 51.4 91.1 57.4 68.5 106.8 Uruguay 102.0 100.1 128.0 118.2 182.6 81.2 123.4 98.9 101.6 101.0 Venezuela, RB 81.6 79.1 152.4 142.6 252.4 28.8 175.8 74.8 48.5 90.4 Total (17) 97.1 93.5 105.3 88.7 178.3 78.8 109.3 78.3 101.2 152.4 120 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants Miscellaneous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 95.3 112.8 96.8 85.8 104.2 86.8 77.5 104.1 106.1 109.7 99.2 111.5 79.5 27.5 75.2 69.5 85.8 41.3 54.4 97.3 101.4 105.8 79.3 80.9 79.6 27.8 79.7 59.0 74.5 38.1 44.8 89.9 96.5 93.1 68.2 79.6 125.0 205.0 131.4 134.7 144.1 165.6 159.8 145.6 109.4 195.5 150.7 140.3 129.9 149.6 122.8 128.4 149.8 129.4 143.2 173.9 123.3 267.6 151.2 144.4 195.6 336.7 234.3 214.4 208.5 258.9 234.4 200.3 132.8 296.5 217.7 212.3 71.5 68.1 94.9 68.5 77.9 54.3 66.3 106.4 94.8 124.0 78.7 84.2 116.6 118.1 98.2 101.4 116.7 110.5 103.6 99.9 107.7 103.8 112.0 118.9 62.6 31.5 62.6 59.9 78.3 36.2 42.1 77.5 97.9 71.7 68.3 78.1 75.3 41.2 93.6 58.1 68.1 43.3 70.4 124.1 98.4 159.4 74.5 76.7 72.1 33.7 70.7 56.6 73.8 40.4 41.6 81.0 98.4 72.7 67.0 78.4 88.3 69.8 88.5 80.4 94.0 59.6 65.8 114.9 107.1 127.4 90.4 101.3 112.6 158.7 109.5 99.6 113.0 113.6 95.3 111.5 94.3 136.6 111.5 115.8 119.7 162.9 117.6 108.8 128.8 134.3 119.8 113.1 100.4 133.8 125.9 126.1 154.1 326.4 183.1 161.3 167.2 208.6 169.0 179.8 110.8 290.5 177.6 167.5 174.8 422.3 195.6 188.8 217.1 300.8 238.5 188.7 128.5 299.7 218.5 196.4 79.3 27.5 87.9 72.9 82.6 42.0 60.4 86.6 94.5 83.5 76.1 89.6 123.9 225.3 131.6 120.4 144.5 155.3 136.6 131.3 91.5 178.2 143.7 133.1 100.4 253.9 104.6 107.5 119.3 186.3 138.6 130.5 85.5 203.9 128.1 115.9 113.5 156.8 118.5 115.2 125.7 131.6 129.9 136.0 98.5 184.6 129.8 123.4 64.7 51.3 55.2 43.1 50.0 72.5 61.9 68.2 89.7 64.7 55.0 55.1 125.0 98.1 116.7 96.6 118.3 76.0 136.7 101.9 144.3 88.0 112.5 122.0 71.6 73.8 89.7 63.5 77.3 90.4 68.0 98.5 117.0 97.5 81.0 84.8 85.5 94.4 87.6 60.4 81.1 128.8 79.4 102.2 135.0 94.0 87.9 88.3 28.7 44.6 35.9 38.1 34.8 40.6 36.4 70.9 94.9 64.1 40.9 37.2 66.0 37.7 54.7 49.6 64.9 47.9 48.0 87.1 114.7 79.4 66.5 68.4 71.4 62.0 75.7 58.3 65.3 68.1 66.8 79.8 124.6 63.0 68.2 68.5 62.9 42.5 95.8 53.8 63.3 61.6 58.9 82.8 107.5 77.6 65.9 69.0 60.0 43.7 55.3 42.8 59.3 58.6 53.3 72.1 96.3 65.3 61.1 64.4 57.8 53.5 84.3 45.2 61.0 72.5 82.5 68.2 104.8 57.8 63.6 68.0 61.9 59.2 63.4 48.2 63.6 98.5 74.6 78.0 103.4 72.1 68.6 69.4 61.8 28.3 55.2 38.5 48.7 43.9 41.8 83.5 107.7 77.4 53.1 56.5 66.9 52.0 79.3 58.7 66.0 66.9 59.3 95.6 117.7 93.6 70.8 70.3 83.5 52.4 73.2 49.9 66.0 65.7 72.1 83.2 124.7 69.6 69.0 72.8 66.5 57.5 79.1 49.3 67.9 54.1 63.4 92.7 123.5 84.0 71.4 72.9 108.5 98.6 99.0 80.5 101.4 102.9 89.9 106.3 122.9 106.3 101.4 107.6 126.4 49.9 109.0 90.0 81.1 68.2 61.9 86.6 147.3 64.2 81.0 89.2 104.8 80.9 100.8 84.2 96.9 75.9 110.0 97.4 137.5 84.8 96.7 102.1 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 121 Table 2.9 (Continued) Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, PRICE LEVEL INDEX beverages, water, household (world = 100) Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) CARIBBEAN Anguilla 99.2 108.5 163.0 113.9 114.1 97.4 116.8 93.2 92.3 118.2 Antigua and Barbuda 82.7 89.2 139.6 95.1 104.3 72.6 110.5 59.4 122.2 121.4 Aruba 90.8 102.9 128.9 146.4 117.9 89.7 149.2 70.1 103.5 134.2 Bahamas, The 122.4 132.1 151.9 119.3 158.0 120.7 185.8 117.2 122.0 164.5 Barbados 130.0 139.5 149.9 160.0 115.9 132.8 134.5 105.5 112.3 162.5 Belize 74.1 68.9 107.9 154.0 93.4 38.0 87.1 65.3 101.9 85.4 Bermuda 201.6 220.7 205.0 140.2 182.5 355.4 208.7 191.0 136.6 154.1 Bonairef … … 148.3 118.0 81.2 … 129.2 … 115.8 165.2 Cayman Islands 147.6 155.9 177.6 186.2 153.8 157.2 188.5 167.1 130.5 169.4 Curaçao 93.1 92.7 116.8 110.8 142.2 73.5 121.5 74.4 94.7 148.3 Dominica 88.9 88.8 133.6 107.8 69.9 70.5 134.1 71.6 96.5 97.5 Grenada 85.2 87.9 137.8 112.1 125.8 65.1 126.0 69.8 103.1 105.5 Jamaica 81.3 84.1 133.6 122.4 86.2 62.8 98.5 71.9 97.3 73.8 Montserrat 92.8 99.0 163.8 128.5 112.1 65.3 158.1 87.8 122.3 91.2 St. Kitts and Nevis 86.1 88.8 156.0 110.5 95.7 64.0 174.8 54.5 119.2 147.9 St. Lucia 88.1 90.1 125.7 119.2 104.5 61.0 176.7 73.7 96.3 123.3 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 80.8 85.5 129.9 100.7 94.1 68.0 124.2 59.4 86.9 128.2 Sint Maarten 99.3 105.4 131.4 71.0 96.1 101.3 126.7 69.8 95.0 172.4 Suriname 72.1 65.3 113.3 91.0 69.9 36.5 100.2 45.1 96.1 90.5 Trinidad and Tobago 79.2 81.5 116.8 126.1 100.9 66.8 122.0 66.8 84.6 87.9 Turks and Caicos Islands 141.9 148.7 158.2 160.0 108.2 184.5 144.2 122.7 139.5 102.9 Virgin Islands, British 138.7 145.1 172.3 80.8 132.5 167.1 171.1 120.1 107.3 130.6 Total (22) 92.5 97.2 130.0 123.0 111.0 88.3 124.7 79.8 98.9 109.9 WESTERN ASIA Bahrain 72.0 70.8 89.1 75.7 86.9 67.6 81.4 88.4 41.7 66.2 a Egypt, Arab Rep. 35.1 33.6 64.3 59.1 42.4 16.3 52.1 21.5 35.3 44.0 Iraq 55.5 52.2 87.4 84.0 84.1 36.4 69.1 39.4 51.0 53.6 Jordan 53.3 51.7 89.1 64.9 52.3 32.8 60.5 37.3 56.6 66.8 Kuwait 80.4 82.8 94.7 87.3 104.6 58.9 97.6 109.7 47.3 119.8 Oman 64.2 62.8 89.2 68.6 70.6 58.2 64.9 56.5 44.4 82.6 Qatar 85.4 97.5 98.8 77.9 100.2 102.2 96.2 116.3 50.5 100.4 Saudi Arabia 63.2 60.7 88.8 69.1 68.5 39.4 66.7 64.9 42.8 82.2 Sudanb 59.2 62.7 100.7 107.1 41.4 57.7 66.1 31.1 78.4 82.2 United Arab Emirates 89.3 94.2 106.5 91.8 93.9 98.5 71.9 120.2 64.7 84.4 West Bank and Gaza 78.9 77.7 105.5 179.4 72.8 84.3 76.8 47.9 98.3 91.0 Yemen, Rep. 45.7 43.4 87.0 41.9 40.3 24.7 59.5 28.4 42.1 62.3 Total (12) 61.9 55.9 80.9 62.0 67.9 41.8 67.0 39.1 50.3 73.0 122 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants Miscellaneous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 135.4 71.1 125.1 110.5 114.5 78.8 71.4 76.1 98.6 75.2 98.7 117.2 109.0 51.8 84.4 81.7 97.2 49.9 51.4 76.5 109.5 73.1 82.8 110.4 115.5 92.2 150.0 90.4 110.1 72.2 60.4 69.9 79.1 75.6 91.0 121.6 114.0 140.5 120.0 120.6 137.3 111.9 69.2 104.1 113.7 116.1 119.1 143.0 119.8 128.6 161.2 115.7 143.9 126.7 75.2 98.7 110.2 106.0 125.0 139.8 91.4 57.9 90.2 72.5 70.5 74.1 56.4 120.3 115.2 148.4 74.7 91.1 180.1 182.3 217.7 179.0 226.7 200.8 158.6 126.1 97.6 209.0 190.8 189.6 … … 103.1 … 109.7 … … … … … … 119.0 148.5 126.6 138.9 142.0 161.8 136.8 118.4 123.9 126.3 145.1 146.1 159.1 103.5 88.0 118.6 82.8 95.2 86.4 62.1 107.1 109.4 126.7 93.5 110.4 98.8 68.3 91.9 87.7 91.4 84.9 72.7 98.3 110.8 105.1 89.4 102.0 109.1 46.4 99.2 76.0 92.4 66.8 55.9 97.0 109.1 103.3 86.7 106.3 95.5 59.9 99.1 80.0 88.0 66.3 60.9 89.6 112.9 87.3 83.0 100.1 104.1 64.5 96.1 92.6 103.2 79.5 68.1 84.1 112.2 81.6 93.8 121.1 108.7 33.3 89.0 82.4 98.1 42.1 40.8 106.2 115.6 114.6 87.0 115.4 103.6 59.7 150.3 88.8 94.5 70.3 61.0 95.9 115.3 100.5 88.9 108.8 97.5 55.4 134.8 82.0 90.1 63.2 56.3 85.5 117.3 81.3 83.0 100.7 93.2 80.6 125.0 104.8 111.8 71.4 65.7 88.3 84.3 114.2 98.3 117.4 68.7 66.6 69.1 59.0 68.8 49.7 50.8 87.0 107.1 76.3 72.2 73.5 77.4 53.6 102.4 65.8 86.0 59.7 44.8 73.5 86.6 76.0 76.6 85.1 130.6 157.5 156.8 129.0 153.0 144.3 95.9 153.6 112.0 226.8 146.0 147.2 135.3 164.1 161.5 131.1 149.1 144.4 97.3 150.2 115.0 226.1 143.8 139.8 96.9 68.3 116.2 86.4 102.1 72.5 65.2 91.1 103.3 96.3 93.0 105.5 58.6 87.6 63.9 59.3 68.0 98.3 81.7 65.1 90.6 60.4 71.5 59.9 33.4 21.6 42.3 28.6 36.1 17.7 19.1 58.9 95.4 47.6 35.3 40.7 59.1 35.6 65.6 70.3 57.0 35.2 36.7 75.7 80.9 83.7 53.7 63.4 52.4 44.4 68.2 49.9 53.7 41.6 38.3 68.6 85.5 68.4 53.1 60.6 83.5 123.9 112.2 100.7 78.0 124.6 109.0 72.4 89.8 75.4 84.1 72.9 61.5 70.4 72.3 54.2 62.1 71.4 64.6 58.2 85.6 49.5 62.4 58.6 87.7 160.2 106.3 87.8 86.3 164.2 134.7 62.1 82.6 51.5 89.3 75.3 60.9 82.1 64.9 55.5 56.8 83.2 70.7 53.6 74.8 47.6 60.8 57.3 62.5 41.5 51.2 54.4 66.5 29.6 31.2 61.6 106.3 45.7 58.7 68.8 90.4 131.9 105.2 86.1 88.3 165.2 136.8 64.4 76.3 65.9 91.4 81.4 70.9 56.3 103.1 76.1 84.1 52.6 55.0 89.7 97.9 94.8 76.0 88.1 42.2 32.1 34.7 41.8 45.8 29.0 27.5 63.0 79.3 68.7 44.6 50.3 56.8 54.8 65.3 49.3 56.1 58.0 53.5 60.1 81.0 55.2 58.8 57.1 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 123 Table 2.9 (Continued) Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, PRICE LEVEL INDEX beverages, water, household (world = 100) Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) SINGLETONS Georgia 65.7 52.1 92.2 54.6 104.3 19.2 73.4 36.8 73.4 52.0 Iran, Islamic Rep. 56.5 49.5 83.7 37.3 93.9 45.4 71.4 28.3 54.5 35.6 Total (2) 56.7 49.6 84.1 41.7 94.1 44.4 71.5 28.6 55.3 36.1 WORLDg (179) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source: ICP, http://icp.worldbank.org/. Note: n.a. = not applicable; ... = data suppressed because of incompleteness. a. The Arab Republic of Egypt participated in both the Africa and Western Asia regions. The regional results for Egypt were averaged by taking the geometric mean of the regional PPPs, allowing Egypt to have the same global results in each region. b. Sudan participated in both the Africa and Western Asia regions. The regional results for Sudan were averaged by taking the geometric mean of the regional PPPs, allowing Sudan to have the same global results in each region. c. The results presented in the tables are based on data supplied by all the participating economies and compiled in accordance with ICP principles and the procedures recommended by the 2011 ICP Technical Advisory Group. The results for China are estimated by the 2011 ICP Asia and the Pacific Regional Office and the Global Office. The National Bureau of Statistics of China does not recognize these results as official statistics. d. The Russian Federation participated in both the CIS and Eurostat-OECD comparisons. The PPPs for Russia are based on the Eurostat-OECD comparison. They were the basis for linking the CIS comparison to the ICP. e. The official GDP of Cuba for reference year 2011 is 68,990.15 million in national currency. However, this number and its breakdown into main aggregates are not shown in the tables because of methodological comparability issues. Therefore, Cuba’s results are provided only for the PPP and price level index. In addition, Cuba’s figures are not included in the Latin America and world totals. f. Bonaire’s results are provided only for the individual consumption expenditure by households. Therefore, to ensure consistency across the tables, Bonaire is not included in the Caribbean or the world total. g. This table does not include the Pacific Islands and does not double count the dual participation economies: the Arab Republic of Egypt, Sudan, and the Russian Federation. 124 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual consumption consumption consumption Gross consumption Recreation Restaurants Miscellaneous expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery expenditure by and and goods and by by by capital and Domestic households culture Education hotels services households government government formation equipment Construction absorption without housing (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (25) (26) 55.2 23.6 75.3 42.8 59.6 26.8 44.3 127.8 90.7 165.0 63.9 72.0 48.9 11.3 71.4 57.3 56.2 20.4 32.1 87.7 119.9 66.6 56.4 55.2 49.6 11.9 71.8 56.9 56.3 20.6 32.5 88.3 119.2 67.4 56.6 55.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Presentation and Analysis of Results 125 Table 2.10 Nominal Expenditures in U.S. Dollars, ICP 2011 NOMINAL Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, EXPENDITURES beverages, water, household (US$, billions) Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment Recreation domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Commu- and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport nication culture Education (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) (11) (12) AFRICA Algeria 198.5 89.3 26.8 1.5 2.6 4.4 2.2 6.3 10.8 5.1 2.3 8.5 Angola 104.2 63.3 26.0 2.7 3.2 6.6 3.5 3.3 3.4 0.7 1.4 3.1 Benin 7.3 5.9 2.8 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.3 Botswana 15.0 8.2 1.5 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.4 1.3 0.2 0.2 1.0 Burkina Faso 10.3 7.0 3.6 0.4 0.1 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 Burundi 2.1 1.9 0.8 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 Cameroon 26.6 20.8 9.6 0.5 1.7 1.9 1.9 0.3 1.7 0.3 0.3 0.5 Cape Verde 1.9 1.3 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 Central African Republic 2.2 2.0 1.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 Chad 12.1 8.3 4.0 0.4 0.2 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.1 Comoros 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Congo, Rep. 14.8 3.7 1.3 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 Congo, Dem. Rep. 25.2 16.2 8.9 0.5 0.8 1.9 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.7 Côte d’Ivoire 26.0 18.6 7.9 0.6 0.6 1.8 1.5 0.8 2.0 0.5 0.6 0.8 Djibouti 1.2 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 Egypt, Arab Rep.a 229.9 182.8 76.6 5.9 11.1 23.9 8.8 16.7 10.8 4.7 5.4 12.1 Equatorial Guinea 17.7 2.3 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 Ethiopia 29.9 24.2 9.0 0.6 1.2 4.0 2.3 2.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.8 Gabon 17.1 6.5 2.0 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.3 Gambia, The 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 Ghana 39.6 26.5 9.8 0.4 3.8 2.7 1.8 0.9 1.7 0.4 0.3 3.7 Guinea 5.0 2.8 1.6 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 Guinea-Bissau 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Kenya 34.3 30.1 10.3 1.5 0.7 2.3 1.4 2.2 3.1 0.9 1.0 4.3 Lesotho 2.5 2.8 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 Liberia 1.1 1.3 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 Madagascar 10.0 9.1 4.0 0.3 0.6 0.6 1.2 0.2 1.2 0.1 0.4 0.3 Malawi 7.3 7.2 3.5 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.4 Mali 10.6 7.1 3.3 0.1 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.3 Mauritania 4.6 2.7 1.6 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 Mauritius 11.3 8.9 2.6 0.7 0.5 1.4 0.7 0.4 1.2 0.3 0.6 0.7 Morocco 99.2 66.3 22.6 2.1 2.7 9.2 3.0 4.1 5.9 4.1 2.9 7.6 Mozambique 12.5 10.8 5.6 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.3 0.7 Namibia 12.5 8.9 1.8 0.4 0.4 1.7 0.6 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.4 1.3 Niger 6.4 5.1 2.1 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2 Nigeria 247.0 159.0 60.1 2.2 23.0 16.3 11.2 5.1 10.6 2.5 1.7 20.3 Rwanda 6.3 5.5 2.6 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.3 São Tomé and Príncipe 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 126 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross Changes in Balance consumption Restaurants neous Net expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery inventories of exports expenditure by and goods and purchases by by by capital and Construc- Other and and Domestic households hotels services abroad households government government formation equipment tion products valuables imports absorption without housing (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) 2.1 16.7 0.0 62.4 26.9 18.3 63.3 26.8 33.0 3.6 6.8 20.8 177.8 60.7 1.9 7.5 0.0 52.9 10.4 27.3 17.8 5.5 11.5 0.8 0.3 −4.5 108.7 51.4 0.5 0.2 −0.1 5.6 0.3 0.5 1.5 0.5 1.0 0.0 0.1 −0.7 8.0 5.2 0.3 0.7 0.0 7.1 1.1 1.8 4.9 2.0 2.8 0.1 1.0 −0.9 15.9 6.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 6.7 0.3 1.6 1.7 0.7 0.9 0.1 0.8 −0.7 11.1 6.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 −0.5 2.6 1.5 1.4 0.5 0.2 20.2 0.7 2.4 5.5 2.5 2.8 0.1 0.0 −2.1 28.7 19.0 0.2 0.1 −0.2 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.0 −0.5 2.4 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 2.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 −0.3 2.5 1.9 0.1 0.2 0.2 8.1 0.3 0.5 3.5 1.4 1.7 0.4 0.1 −0.3 12.5 7.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 −0.1 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 −0.1 3.3 0.4 0.7 5.1 0.8 4.2 0.0 0.0 5.3 9.5 3.1 1.0 0.4 0.0 15.6 0.6 2.9 5.9 2.2 3.5 0.2 0.0 0.1 25.1 14.6 0.3 0.8 0.2 17.6 1.0 2.0 2.9 1.0 1.7 0.1 −1.7 4.2 21.8 16.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 −0.3 1.4 0.6 5.8 13.0 −11.9 173.7 9.1 17.2 38.4 17.9 19.5 1.0 0.9 −9.5 239.4 157.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 2.1 0.2 0.3 5.9 3.0 1.9 0.9 0.0 9.3 8.5 2.0 1.1 2.6 0.0 23.5 0.7 1.9 7.8 2.9 3.5 1.4 0.6 −4.5 34.5 21.5 0.3 0.2 0.3 6.0 0.5 1.6 3.2 0.9 1.0 1.3 0.0 5.7 11.4 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 −0.1 1.0 0.7 0.0 1.0 0.0 24.3 2.2 4.4 10.1 5.7 3.8 0.6 0.7 −2.2 41.8 23.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.2 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.7 4.3 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.6 1.9 2.1 −1.6 26.0 4.1 2.9 6.9 3.8 3.1 0.0 0.2 −5.7 40.0 24.7 0.0 0.2 0.3 2.4 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 −1.5 4.0 2.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 −0.5 1.7 1.1 0.3 0.1 −0.1 8.8 0.3 0.7 1.7 0.8 0.9 0.1 0.0 −1.5 11.6 8.7 0.2 0.2 −0.2 6.8 0.4 0.5 1.2 0.9 0.2 0.1 −0.2 −1.4 8.7 6.3 0.1 0.2 −0.1 6.7 0.4 1.3 2.4 1.0 1.2 0.1 0.1 −0.2 10.8 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.3 0.7 2.6 1.3 1.1 0.2 −1.1 −0.3 4.9 2.2 0.3 0.6 −1.1 8.3 0.6 0.9 2.7 0.8 1.8 0.1 0.2 −1.5 12.7 7.7 3.8 4.3 −6.0 58.5 7.9 10.2 30.5 13.1 15.7 1.7 5.2 −13.0 112.2 52.9 0.1 0.5 0.1 10.0 0.8 0.9 2.2 0.8 1.5 0.0 0.3 −1.6 14.2 9.5 0.5 0.8 −0.3 7.7 1.2 1.9 2.7 1.0 1.6 0.1 −0.2 −0.9 13.4 6.6 0.3 0.3 0.0 5.0 0.2 0.6 2.4 1.0 1.3 0.1 0.0 −1.8 8.2 4.7 0.1 6.0 0.1 148.4 10.6 21.7 25.4 14.4 9.5 1.5 0.0 40.8 206.2 146.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 5.3 0.2 0.6 1.4 0.3 1.0 0.1 0.0 −1.1 7.4 4.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 −0.1 0.4 0.3 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 127 Table 2.10 (Continued) NOMINAL Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, EXPENDITURES beverages, water, household (US$, billions) Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment Recreation domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Commu- and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport nication culture Education (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) (11) (12) Senegal 14.3 11.9 5.8 0.2 0.4 2.3 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.6 Seychelles 1.1 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 Sierra Leone 2.9 2.6 1.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 South Africa 401.8 274.4 48.6 12.1 11.8 37.4 16.8 30.4 35.5 7.1 11.2 29.3 Sudanb 70.0 49.1 25.4 0.3 2.2 7.2 3.2 0.6 4.0 0.8 1.1 1.6 Swaziland 4.1 3.7 1.7 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.3 Tanzania 23.9 16.3 10.8 0.1 1.1 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.8 Togo 3.7 3.3 1.4 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 Tunisia 46.0 34.2 7.5 1.1 2.4 4.8 2.1 2.4 4.9 1.2 1.1 2.7 Uganda 18.2 16.5 5.5 1.0 0.5 3.0 0.9 0.5 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.8 Zambia 20.8 11.5 6.7 0.1 0.7 1.4 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.7 Zimbabwe 8.9 8.5 4.7 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.6 Total (50) 1,870.4 1,251.8 436.5 39.5 77.5 148.1 71.1 84.9 109.5 32.7 35.3 109.0 ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Bangladesh 130.9 98.4 50.1 2.0 5.9 16.9 3.2 3.6 4.1 0.5 0.7 5.3 Bhutan 1.8 1.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 Brunei Darussalam 16.7 4.0 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.7 Cambodia 12.8 10.8 5.0 0.4 0.2 1.6 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.0 0.3 0.7 c China 7,321.9 3,141.9 590.4 67.7 217.2 435.5 153.3 471.3 183.6 106.7 170.7 316.1 Fiji 3.8 2.9 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 Hong Kong SAR, China 248.7 165.7 18.0 1.8 7.2 31.5 9.2 13.9 11.6 3.6 18.6 5.8 India 1,864.0 1,103.0 310.4 33.0 77.6 141.8 41.1 51.3 165.8 11.4 16.6 49.4 Indonesia 846.3 492.7 186.4 8.5 18.4 100.3 13.3 16.5 33.7 9.5 9.6 36.4 Lao PDR 8.1 4.7 2.4 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 Macao SAR, China 36.8 8.6 0.8 0.1 0.5 1.3 0.2 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.9 0.6 Malaysia 289.0 155.1 26.4 2.3 2.8 22.9 6.8 9.1 20.4 9.3 6.1 16.3 Maldives 2.2 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 Mongolia 9.9 6.0 1.7 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.3 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.6 Myanmar 55.2 38.5 20.1 0.8 1.2 5.1 0.5 2.4 1.3 0.6 0.4 3.2 Nepal 19.6 15.7 8.8 0.5 0.4 2.0 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.9 Pakistan 222.2 188.7 83.4 1.8 8.8 36.6 6.2 11.7 12.1 3.1 2.1 9.0 Philippines 224.1 172.4 70.5 2.1 2.3 20.4 6.7 5.5 17.8 5.2 3.0 12.3 Singapore 265.6 113.8 7.1 2.1 3.0 20.8 5.7 9.6 14.2 2.1 12.3 10.6 Sri Lanka 59.2 45.4 19.2 3.4 1.4 6.2 1.1 2.4 3.5 0.9 0.6 2.5 Taiwan, China 465.2 299.8 35.3 6.0 12.7 49.6 13.3 28.6 31.2 10.7 28.6 26.1 Thailand 364.7 226.0 57.9 8.0 7.6 20.5 9.2 17.1 31.6 4.7 10.5 19.8 Vietnam 135.5 86.0 22.2 2.4 3.5 19.6 5.0 6.3 8.6 0.6 3.4 7.4 Total (23) 12,604.3 6,382.1 1,518.2 143.6 371.5 935.8 276.0 652.3 544.0 169.8 285.6 524.2 128 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross Changes in Balance consumption Restaurants neous Net expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery inventories of exports expenditure by and goods and purchases by by by capital and Construc- Other and and Domestic households hotels services abroad households government government formation equipment tion products valuables imports absorption without housing (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) 0.1 0.5 −0.3 11.3 0.6 1.4 3.4 1.3 2.1 0.0 0.2 −2.6 16.9 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 −0.2 1.3 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 2.6 0.1 0.2 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.0 0.0 −1.2 4.1 2.5 5.7 31.2 −2.7 238.5 35.9 51.6 76.2 36.2 36.5 3.5 2.1 −2.5 404.3 212.9 1.1 1.3 0.3 48.7 0.4 4.4 15.6 8.2 7.4 0.0 1.8 −0.9 70.9 43.9 0.0 0.1 −0.2 3.5 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 −0.4 4.4 3.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 15.8 0.5 3.4 8.6 3.7 4.7 0.2 0.1 −4.6 28.4 15.7 0.3 0.3 −0.1 3.1 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.1 −0.6 4.3 3.0 3.2 2.1 −1.4 30.2 4.0 4.4 10.0 3.3 6.3 0.4 0.8 −3.4 49.4 26.5 0.5 0.7 0.0 15.0 1.5 0.3 4.5 1.3 3.0 0.2 0.1 −3.2 21.4 13.7 0.0 0.6 0.0 10.8 0.7 3.2 4.5 1.4 2.9 0.2 0.3 1.2 19.6 10.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 7.8 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.3 0.7 0.0 0.4 −1.8 10.6 7.5 34.5 97.7 −24.6 1,124.6 127.3 199.2 390.3 172.1 198.5 19.7 20.5 8.5 1,861.9 1,043.7 2.2 3.8 0.0 96.5 2.0 4.9 37.1 8.8 27.8 0.5 0.7 −10.2 141.1 87.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.2 1.2 0.5 0.7 0.0 0.0 −0.5 2.4 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.0 3.3 0.7 2.1 2.2 0.7 1.4 0.2 −0.1 8.5 8.2 2.9 0.5 0.3 0.0 10.2 0.6 0.5 1.5 0.7 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.0 12.8 9.1 160.0 269.5 0.0 2,515.6 626.3 457.8 3,338.0 957.3 2,106.3 274.4 196.0 188.2 7,133.7 2,267.9 0.1 0.1 0.0 2.7 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 −0.2 3.9 2.1 16.7 28.0 0.0 157.4 8.4 13.3 58.5 25.8 27.5 5.2 1.5 9.8 239.0 130.7 27.5 177.0 0.0 1,042.4 60.7 154.2 576.6 220.1 334.7 21.8 135.9 −105.7 1,969.7 945.8 35.3 24.7 0.0 462.2 30.6 45.7 270.5 44.6 219.3 6.6 25.5 11.9 834.4 402.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 4.6 0.2 0.6 2.9 0.9 1.4 0.6 0.1 −0.3 8.4 4.3 1.6 1.0 0.0 7.5 1.1 1.5 4.6 1.1 3.5 0.0 0.5 21.6 15.2 6.5 12.8 19.8 0.0 136.7 18.4 19.2 64.4 23.3 32.1 9.0 2.8 47.5 241.6 123.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.4 1.1 0.4 0.7 0.0 0.0 −0.1 2.3 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.0 5.4 0.6 0.7 4.7 2.8 1.7 0.2 1.2 −2.7 12.6 4.7 1.7 1.2 0.0 35.2 3.3 2.3 14.7 7.2 6.4 1.2 0.0 −0.4 55.6 32.4 0.3 0.7 0.0 15.1 0.7 1.3 4.0 0.9 2.3 0.9 3.1 −4.6 24.2 13.4 1.9 12.0 0.0 182.0 6.8 15.7 28.7 9.2 13.7 5.8 3.6 −14.5 236.8 167.2 6.1 20.5 0.0 164.7 7.7 14.0 42.0 16.1 20.9 4.9 3.9 −8.2 232.3 150.6 11.8 14.5 0.0 103.5 10.3 17.2 63.1 23.5 37.2 2.5 −3.2 74.6 191.0 85.7 1.7 2.6 0.0 41.3 4.1 4.6 16.0 4.9 10.1 1.0 1.7 −8.6 67.8 37.5 16.1 41.8 0.0 279.5 20.4 37.2 97.3 45.3 44.0 8.0 −0.2 31.2 434.1 238.2 17.7 21.3 0.0 199.3 26.7 32.9 97.5 65.4 30.7 1.5 2.0 6.2 358.5 185.1 3.8 3.1 0.0 79.9 6.1 8.0 40.3 10.5 27.5 2.3 6.9 −5.6 141.1 67.7 318.2 642.8 0.0 5,546.2 835.9 834.6 4,767.6 1,470.2 2,950.8 346.6 382.1 237.8 12,366.4 4,966.7 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 129 Table 2.10 (Continued) NOMINAL Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, EXPENDITURES beverages, water, household (US$, billions) Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment Recreation domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Commu- and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport nication culture Education (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) (11) (12) COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES Armenia 10.1 9.0 4.9 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.4 Azerbaijan 66.0 27.1 10.0 0.6 2.5 2.2 1.4 1.2 2.8 1.5 0.9 2.0 Belarus 53.0 30.1 9.5 1.8 1.9 2.3 1.4 2.7 2.5 1.3 1.6 2.6 Kazakhstan 188.0 90.9 18.5 2.0 5.4 19.7 3.6 7.1 9.7 3.6 4.5 7.6 Kyrgyz Republic 6.2 5.8 2.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.5 Moldova 7.0 7.9 2.2 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.6 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.7 Russian Federationd 1,901.0 1,096.6 277.8 75.3 83.1 106.8 45.0 87.0 113.2 42.2 59.9 61.0 Tajikistan 6.5 7.5 3.3 0.0 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.3 Ukraine 163.4 129.4 42.4 7.5 6.9 13.9 4.7 11.4 13.4 2.7 5.3 11.5 Total (9) 2,401.3 1,404.2 370.9 88.5 101.5 147.5 57.2 110.8 144.1 52.8 73.0 86.5 EUROSTAT-OECD Albania 12.6 10.8 4.1 0.3 0.4 1.3 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.4 Australia 1,490.0 957.3 82.9 29.4 26.9 188.2 36.8 121.4 83.7 19.9 96.0 78.9 Austria 416.0 274.3 23.0 7.9 13.7 49.1 14.9 28.9 30.6 4.5 26.6 21.9 Belgium 513.3 350.8 35.0 9.1 13.0 62.1 14.8 51.0 32.2 5.6 26.0 32.4 Bosnia and Herzegovina 19.0 17.8 5.1 1.1 0.7 2.3 0.9 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.9 1.0 Bulgaria 53.5 37.6 7.1 2.5 1.0 6.0 2.6 3.7 5.8 2.0 3.1 1.9 Canada 1,778.3 1,215.5 90.2 33.4 40.1 234.1 53.6 154.5 143.5 23.9 97.2 95.3 Chile 251.2 172.8 24.9 4.7 8.6 25.1 11.0 16.5 19.6 6.1 11.9 14.6 Croatia 61.7 43.6 8.3 2.8 1.9 7.7 2.3 5.2 4.2 1.4 4.4 3.5 Cyprus 24.9 19.0 2.3 0.8 1.1 3.3 0.9 1.6 2.0 0.6 1.5 1.9 Czech Republic 216.1 132.7 16.6 10.4 3.5 30.2 6.0 15.7 10.5 3.4 12.2 9.3 Denmark 334.3 230.7 18.2 5.7 7.4 46.5 8.0 30.0 19.6 2.7 20.0 21.2 Estonia 22.5 13.8 2.3 1.0 0.7 2.5 0.4 1.2 1.5 0.4 1.1 1.1 Finland 262.3 189.3 17.3 6.9 6.9 37.4 7.4 22.9 15.9 3.0 18.1 15.4 France 2,782.2 2,051.5 209.7 49.8 66.5 411.4 90.7 257.3 222.6 43.1 163.9 149.9 Germany 3,628.1 2,527.3 226.5 63.7 96.1 477.3 123.7 320.2 274.8 51.8 197.8 148.1 Greece 289.9 236.7 36.1 9.7 8.3 53.0 8.9 23.5 26.3 6.5 12.8 15.7 Hungary 137.5 88.2 12.9 5.6 2.1 16.4 3.2 10.0 9.7 2.8 6.7 6.1 Iceland 14.0 9.6 1.0 0.3 0.3 1.6 0.5 1.2 1.0 0.2 1.0 1.0 Ireland 226.0 137.9 10.5 5.7 4.3 25.7 4.5 20.3 13.5 3.1 8.1 10.8 Israel 258.2 179.5 23.6 3.7 4.3 35.8 9.0 15.4 23.1 5.8 11.3 18.5 Italy 2,197.0 1,607.2 193.8 36.8 101.8 300.5 96.6 192.4 170.9 32.4 108.8 95.4 Japan 5,897.0 4,272.2 481.6 95.3 111.0 888.8 176.2 452.4 377.9 120.6 320.7 215.8 Korea, Rep. 1,114.5 667.2 74.2 12.9 29.0 93.4 19.1 73.5 67.5 24.6 46.7 73.4 Latvia 28.1 19.7 3.4 1.3 0.8 4.0 0.7 1.4 2.5 0.5 1.6 1.3 Lithuania 43.0 31.7 6.6 2.1 1.7 4.4 1.6 3.1 4.1 0.7 2.0 2.1 Luxembourg 58.0 24.4 1.8 1.9 1.0 5.4 1.4 2.6 4.2 0.4 1.9 2.5 130 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross Changes in Balance consumption Restaurants neous Net expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery inventories of exports expenditure by and goods and purchases by by by capital and Construc- Other and and Domestic households hotels services abroad households government government formation equipment tion products valuables imports absorption without housing (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) 0.1 0.3 0.0 8.5 0.5 0.8 2.6 0.4 2.1 0.1 0.1 −2.4 12.5 8.2 0.9 1.1 0.0 24.6 2.5 4.2 13.3 6.9 5.8 0.6 0.1 21.3 44.6 23.9 0.9 1.2 0.4 25.3 4.8 2.6 20.0 8.7 11.1 0.2 0.9 −0.6 53.6 24.4 3.1 6.0 0.0 80.4 10.5 9.6 39.4 11.3 25.6 2.4 8.0 40.2 147.9 66.7 0.2 0.2 −0.2 5.2 0.6 0.5 1.5 0.7 0.8 0.0 0.1 −1.7 7.9 5.1 0.1 0.7 0.1 6.8 1.1 0.3 1.6 0.5 1.0 0.1 0.1 −2.9 9.9 6.4 30.6 93.6 21.0 933.4 163.1 178.9 395.0 141.8 221.1 32.1 67.7 162.7 1,738.3 886.6 0.1 0.4 0.5 7.0 0.5 0.3 2.1 0.9 1.0 0.2 0.2 −3.7 10.2 6.9 2.8 7.0 −0.1 109.9 19.5 10.3 30.3 11.6 18.0 0.7 3.5 −10.2 173.6 103.1 38.9 110.6 21.8 1,201.0 203.2 207.6 505.9 183.0 286.5 36.4 80.8 202.9 2,198.5 1,131.2 0.3 0.6 1.1 10.2 0.6 0.7 4.2 0.9 3.2 0.1 −0.1 −2.9 15.6 9.3 55.9 140.6 −3.4 798.9 158.4 104.6 401.5 97.2 230.8 73.6 7.2 19.4 1,470.6 653.2 27.5 34.2 −8.7 227.8 46.5 32.4 88.3 33.7 45.8 8.7 8.5 12.4 403.5 197.0 16.0 49.6 4.1 270.6 80.2 45.3 106.3 39.7 57.0 9.6 6.6 4.3 509.1 228.7 1.1 1.6 −0.5 15.8 2.0 2.2 3.4 1.4 1.9 0.1 0.0 −4.4 23.5 14.7 2.3 2.3 −2.6 33.4 4.2 4.2 11.5 5.0 6.1 0.4 0.2 0.0 53.5 29.8 65.1 167.7 16.9 990.5 225.0 160.8 416.4 82.8 276.7 56.9 7.7 −22.1 1,800.4 798.2 7.3 23.2 −0.5 153.8 19.0 11.1 56.3 22.1 29.9 4.3 2.6 8.2 243.0 139.2 6.6 3.8 −8.3 37.0 6.6 5.6 11.8 3.8 7.1 0.9 0.7 0.0 61.7 32.7 2.7 1.6 −1.5 16.8 2.2 2.8 4.1 1.2 2.7 0.2 0.0 −1.1 25.9 14.7 8.7 11.3 −5.1 109.4 23.3 21.5 52.2 23.2 26.1 2.9 0.8 9.0 207.2 91.2 8.3 42.6 0.4 162.8 67.9 26.9 58.0 20.3 29.3 8.3 1.2 17.5 316.8 130.7 0.9 1.3 −0.6 11.4 2.4 1.9 5.3 2.5 2.7 0.2 0.7 0.8 21.7 9.7 8.9 29.6 −0.4 146.2 43.1 21.1 50.9 12.2 34.3 4.4 2.8 −1.9 264.2 120.3 109.9 287.1 −10.4 1,606.0 445.5 235.6 556.0 150.4 345.9 59.7 21.6 −82.4 2,864.7 1,322.2 114.9 382.9 49.6 2,082.9 444.3 250.1 657.8 251.9 366.1 39.8 4.4 188.6 3,439.5 1,755.0 26.1 21.3 −11.5 216.3 20.5 29.9 43.9 17.7 23.1 3.1 2.8 −23.5 313.3 180.7 5.0 11.3 −3.7 73.3 14.9 14.1 24.6 10.3 12.8 1.5 1.8 8.9 128.6 64.1 0.6 1.0 0.0 7.3 2.3 1.2 2.0 0.8 1.1 0.2 0.0 1.2 12.9 6.0 13.2 15.6 2.6 108.7 29.2 12.3 24.0 9.1 12.9 2.1 2.9 48.8 177.2 90.2 9.9 21.0 −2.1 147.9 31.6 27.9 52.8 16.9 25.5 10.3 −0.6 −1.3 259.5 119.8 135.9 161.9 −20.0 1,345.5 261.7 186.0 418.9 167.7 199.6 51.6 15.6 −30.7 2,227.7 1,137.9 228.4 771.7 31.7 3,568.4 703.8 501.6 1,213.8 473.8 572.0 168.1 −37.0 −53.7 5,950.7 2,831.5 46.6 97.4 9.0 591.3 75.9 95.2 306.9 108.5 173.9 24.5 22.7 22.5 1,092.0 526.4 0.8 1.3 0.0 17.5 2.2 2.8 6.0 2.5 3.3 0.2 1.0 −1.3 29.4 15.1 0.8 2.8 −0.3 27.0 4.7 3.4 7.8 2.6 4.6 0.6 1.4 −1.2 44.2 25.3 1.5 4.2 −4.6 18.4 6.0 3.7 10.8 4.0 6.1 0.7 1.5 17.6 40.4 14.3 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 131 Table 2.10 (Continued) NOMINAL Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, EXPENDITURES beverages, water, household (US$, billions) Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment Recreation domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Commu- and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport nication culture Education (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) (11) (12) Macedonia, FYR 10.4 8.6 2.6 0.3 0.4 1.5 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.5 Malta 9.2 6.6 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.5 Mexico 1,170.1 848.3 180.8 20.4 23.2 159.8 44.1 53.3 145.0 28.8 35.7 44.0 Montenegro 4.5 4.1 1.4 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 Netherlands 832.8 519.8 43.7 11.5 19.9 92.0 22.0 65.1 47.5 15.5 42.8 42.1 New Zealand 161.5 115.9 13.9 5.0 4.3 22.5 4.8 14.2 11.5 3.1 10.7 9.3 Norway 490.5 271.1 24.5 7.9 9.9 40.1 10.6 36.2 27.8 4.8 27.2 20.7 Poland 515.5 368.4 58.8 20.1 13.7 76.3 14.1 35.5 31.3 9.2 28.1 27.5 Portugal 237.9 182.8 26.9 5.4 8.9 25.9 8.9 22.3 21.3 4.7 13.3 14.1 Romania 182.6 131.9 31.1 5.7 4.3 25.1 5.6 14.6 12.5 5.6 8.1 6.3 Russian Federationd 1,901.0 1,096.6 277.8 75.3 83.1 105.7 45.0 86.5 113.2 42.2 58.7 60.7 Serbia 43.8 39.3 9.3 1.9 1.3 7.7 1.3 4.1 4.6 1.5 2.0 2.0 Slovak Republic 95.9 63.6 9.8 2.6 2.3 14.2 3.3 6.0 4.3 2.0 5.8 4.0 Slovenia 50.3 35.1 4.5 1.7 1.7 6.0 1.9 4.0 4.6 1.0 3.1 3.1 Spain 1,454.5 1,031.1 123.3 25.9 46.7 184.3 42.0 119.2 101.3 24.4 85.4 75.4 Sweden 535.8 359.8 30.6 9.1 12.1 68.1 12.7 43.3 33.4 8.3 32.9 35.3 Switzerland 659.9 419.1 33.3 13.4 12.5 89.5 15.5 56.3 33.7 8.9 33.7 33.3 Turkey 771.7 608.1 132.6 19.4 30.9 110.8 45.2 46.6 95.1 16.6 25.5 30.2 United Kingdom 2,461.8 1,930.3 138.7 54.2 88.4 384.1 75.6 214.3 205.3 32.7 215.2 153.2 United States 15,533.8 11,667.0 698.4 207.6 366.0 1,962.8 429.5 2,300.0 1,079.1 246.7 996.1 930.9 Total (47) 49,253.0 35,226.8 3,462.0 892.4 1,283.1 6,391.4 1,479.4 4,951.2 3,543.0 823.7 2,827.8 2,532.5 LATIN AMERICA Bolivia 23.9 15.0 5.1 0.2 0.3 1.6 1.1 1.3 2.6 0.2 0.2 0.9 Brazil 2,476.6 1,693.7 244.4 30.5 71.1 227.0 113.8 189.3 229.4 54.4 79.1 144.9 Colombia 336.3 228.9 38.0 6.4 13.4 32.8 8.7 17.0 25.3 9.1 10.8 19.8 Costa Rica 41.0 31.8 6.4 0.3 1.4 2.0 1.9 3.9 5.7 0.7 3.1 3.2 Cubae … … … … … … … … … … … … Dominican Republic 55.6 49.4 12.0 2.9 1.6 7.3 1.8 3.1 6.4 2.1 1.1 2.2 Ecuador 79.8 53.5 10.8 1.3 2.2 7.3 3.8 4.4 6.0 2.9 2.7 5.5 El Salvador 23.1 22.8 5.8 0.4 1.2 3.8 2.2 1.8 2.0 0.8 1.0 1.1 Guatemala 47.7 42.9 16.6 0.7 2.2 5.4 2.4 2.9 3.1 3.1 1.3 1.8 Haiti 7.3 8.3 4.9 0.2 0.6 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.4 Honduras 17.7 15.2 4.5 0.5 0.7 1.9 0.6 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.6 1.3 Nicaragua 9.6 8.1 2.1 0.2 0.2 1.1 0.4 0.9 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.6 Panama 31.3 20.7 3.5 0.1 1.3 4.1 1.5 1.5 2.7 0.7 1.1 1.2 Paraguay 25.2 19.2 5.3 0.2 1.0 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6 0.7 1.2 1.8 Peru 180.7 113.0 25.6 2.5 7.0 11.9 5.6 7.3 12.1 4.4 6.7 9.5 Uruguay 46.4 35.1 6.5 0.8 1.6 6.7 1.9 4.2 2.6 1.4 1.2 2.3 Venezuela, RB 316.5 192.1 41.4 5.7 8.8 9.4 11.0 17.3 25.5 10.7 12.2 16.2 Total (17) 3,719.1 2,549.6 432.8 53.0 114.5 324.9 158.5 258.2 327.7 92.0 122.8 212.6 132 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross Changes in Balance consumption Restaurants neous Net expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery inventories of exports expenditure by and goods and purchases by by by capital and Construc- Other and and Domestic households hotels services abroad households government government formation equipment tion products valuables imports absorption without housing (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) 0.3 0.6 0.1 7.8 0.8 1.1 2.1 0.7 1.3 0.1 0.6 −2.0 12.4 6.9 1.1 0.8 −1.0 5.6 1.0 0.9 1.4 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.4 8.9 5.1 31.6 85.6 −3.9 776.0 72.3 63.9 254.8 78.4 171.1 5.2 17.8 −14.7 1,184.9 647.2 0.6 0.3 −0.8 3.7 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.0 −1.0 5.5 3.4 18.7 101.3 −2.1 377.8 142.1 90.6 148.6 45.8 84.0 18.7 2.3 71.5 761.3 317.7 6.8 12.2 −2.4 96.6 19.3 13.3 29.3 10.1 16.8 2.4 0.7 2.3 159.3 77.5 11.2 42.8 7.5 201.9 69.2 36.2 95.7 30.9 45.5 19.3 22.5 65.1 425.4 172.1 8.9 47.2 −2.2 315.1 53.4 39.3 104.1 39.1 58.5 6.5 9.6 −5.9 521.5 293.0 17.9 20.4 −7.3 157.1 25.8 21.6 42.8 12.7 26.3 3.8 1.1 −10.4 248.3 140.6 3.8 8.9 0.4 115.9 16.0 11.6 47.6 15.4 29.9 2.2 1.2 −9.7 192.3 100.2 30.6 96.7 21.0 933.4 163.1 178.9 395.0 141.8 221.1 32.1 67.7 162.7 1,738.3 887.7 0.8 3.3 −0.5 33.7 5.6 2.9 8.1 3.4 4.1 0.5 0.7 −7.2 50.9 29.1 2.7 6.7 0.0 55.2 8.4 8.9 22.2 7.4 10.0 4.8 0.7 0.5 95.4 50.2 2.0 3.5 −2.0 28.9 6.2 4.3 9.3 4.0 4.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 49.5 25.6 150.8 98.4 −45.8 851.9 179.2 130.4 301.2 87.5 154.3 59.4 7.1 −15.3 1,469.8 727.6 14.1 62.1 −2.1 257.3 102.6 39.7 100.2 37.1 48.8 14.3 6.2 29.9 506.0 207.7 25.2 63.8 0.0 378.3 40.8 31.9 135.7 59.5 61.5 14.7 4.7 68.5 591.4 303.3 35.7 44.6 −24.9 549.3 58.8 48.7 168.4 97.7 70.1 0.6 13.4 −66.9 838.6 467.6 127.3 231.3 10.0 1,589.5 340.8 199.2 353.5 71.9 202.3 79.4 16.0 −37.3 2,499.1 1,270.1 670.7 1,803.2 −23.8 10,711.8 955.2 1,570.9 2,828.2 1,014.6 1,295.0 518.6 36.4 −568.7 16,102.5 9,105.2 2,066.0 5,023.2 −48.7 30,241.8 4,985.0 4,299.8 9,644.7 3,321.1 5,007.5 1,316.1 286.6 −204.9 49,457.9 25,395.7 1.2 0.4 0.0 14.6 0.4 2.9 4.5 2.5 1.7 0.3 0.1 1.4 22.6 13.8 95.6 214.1 0.0 1,494.2 199.5 312.6 477.5 249.9 197.7 29.8 11.1 −18.2 2,494.8 1,339.1 23.9 23.6 0.0 206.3 22.5 30.5 79.3 27.5 48.9 3.0 0.6 −2.9 339.2 185.4 1.5 1.5 0.3 26.8 5.0 2.4 8.1 3.5 4.4 0.2 0.7 −2.0 43.0 25.9 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 4.0 5.2 −0.3 48.1 1.3 2.8 9.1 2.6 6.3 0.1 0.1 −5.7 61.3 43.2 2.2 4.9 −0.3 48.7 4.8 5.3 20.8 6.7 5.9 8.1 2.4 −2.2 82.0 43.3 1.5 1.3 −0.1 21.6 1.2 1.4 2.9 1.5 1.4 0.0 0.4 −4.3 27.5 19.3 2.5 1.8 −0.8 40.7 2.3 2.7 7.0 3.7 3.3 0.0 0.2 −5.1 52.8 36.5 0.0 0.2 0.0 8.2 0.1 0.0 2.1 0.1 2.1 0.0 0.0 −3.1 10.5 7.9 0.8 0.9 0.0 13.8 1.5 1.4 4.3 2.4 1.7 0.2 0.3 −3.5 21.2 12.8 0.5 0.6 −0.1 7.5 0.6 0.8 2.2 0.8 1.2 0.2 0.1 −1.5 11.2 6.8 1.1 1.9 0.0 18.9 1.8 2.0 8.2 3.7 4.5 0.0 0.3 0.1 31.2 15.9 0.9 1.5 0.0 17.7 1.5 1.2 4.1 1.8 2.0 0.3 0.1 0.6 24.6 17.2 10.0 10.3 0.0 107.5 5.5 11.1 47.0 16.9 28.6 1.5 1.9 7.8 173.0 99.3 2.4 2.8 0.7 31.5 3.5 2.6 8.8 2.8 5.5 0.6 0.2 −0.2 46.7 26.5 23.1 9.9 0.8 174.6 17.5 19.0 56.1 25.4 28.7 2.0 16.9 32.4 284.0 167.8 171.3 280.9 0.2 2,280.6 269.0 398.5 742.0 351.8 343.8 46.4 35.4 −6.5 3,725.6 2,060.6 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 133 Table 2.10 (Continued) NOMINAL Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, EXPENDITURES beverages, water, household (US$, billions) Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment Recreation domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Commu- and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport nication culture Education (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) (11) (12) CARIBBEAN Anguilla 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Antigua and Barbuda 1.1 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Aruba 2.6 2.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 Bahamas, The 7.9 6.0 0.6 0.1 0.2 1.9 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.4 Barbados 4.4 3.9 0.5 0.1 0.1 2.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 Belize 1.5 1.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 Bermuda 5.6 4.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 Bonairef … … 0.0 0.0 0.0 … 0.0 … 0.0 0.0 … … Cayman Islands 3.2 2.4 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 Curaçao 3.0 2.3 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 Dominica 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Grenada 0.8 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 Jamaica 14.5 13.5 3.8 0.2 0.2 1.8 0.7 0.8 1.9 0.4 1.2 1.0 Montserrat 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 St. Kitts and Nevis 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 St. Lucia 1.2 1.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sint Maarten 1.0 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Suriname 4.4 1.7 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 Trinidad and Tobago 23.5 13.7 2.9 0.1 0.2 1.7 0.6 1.1 1.5 0.3 0.9 1.4 Turks and Caicos Islands 0.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Virgin Islands, British 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total (22) 78.4 56.7 10.5 0.8 1.5 12.8 2.6 3.9 6.1 1.8 3.4 4.1 WESTERN ASIA Bahrain 28.9 12.6 1.7 0.0 0.7 2.6 0.9 0.9 1.3 0.6 0.8 1.4 a Egypt, Arab Rep. 229.9 182.8 76.6 5.9 11.1 23.9 8.8 16.7 10.8 4.7 5.4 12.1 Iraq 159.8 75.2 23.0 0.4 4.5 19.6 3.5 5.4 5.5 1.1 0.9 8.3 Jordan 28.8 23.0 6.4 0.7 1.0 4.6 1.0 1.6 2.3 0.9 0.4 2.8 Kuwait 160.6 44.6 6.9 0.1 3.5 10.4 5.4 3.5 3.3 1.5 1.5 4.3 Oman 70.0 25.2 4.9 0.1 1.4 4.6 1.0 1.5 4.0 1.2 0.9 2.8 Qatar 171.0 28.3 3.0 0.1 1.0 6.4 1.2 2.1 2.4 0.6 2.1 4.3 Saudi Arabia 669.5 245.9 39.0 0.8 11.8 51.0 16.2 20.3 16.7 10.3 7.5 42.2 Sudanb 70.0 49.1 25.4 0.3 2.2 7.2 3.2 0.6 4.0 0.8 1.1 1.6 United Arab Emirates 348.6 184.0 21.6 0.3 22.7 61.0 6.5 2.8 29.6 10.7 5.0 8.6 West Bank and Gaza 9.8 10.6 3.3 0.4 0.6 1.1 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.9 Yemen, Rep. 31.4 22.9 10.4 1.1 1.0 3.3 0.7 2.2 1.3 0.2 0.1 1.6 Total (12) 1,978.3 904.3 222.2 10.4 61.5 195.6 48.9 58.4 82.2 32.9 26.0 91.1 134 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross Changes in Balance consumption Restaurants neous Net expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery inventories of exports expenditure by and goods and purchases by by by capital and Construc- Other and and Domestic households hotels services abroad households government government formation equipment tion products valuables imports absorption without housing (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.0 1.6 0.4 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 −0.4 3.0 1.2 0.3 0.9 0.0 5.6 0.5 0.7 2.1 1.0 1.1 0.0 0.1 −1.1 9.0 4.3 0.7 0.3 −0.9 3.6 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 −0.6 5.0 1.8 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 −0.1 1.5 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.0 3.7 0.6 0.5 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.0 0.1 −0.4 6.0 2.6 0.0 … 0.0 0.2 … … … … … … … … … 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.0 2.3 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 −0.2 3.4 1.6 0.1 0.5 −0.2 2.1 0.2 0.2 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.0 −0.8 3.8 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 −0.1 −0.1 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 −0.2 1.0 0.6 1.7 1.6 −1.8 12.4 1.1 1.2 3.0 1.5 1.5 0.1 0.1 −3.3 17.8 11.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 −0.1 0.8 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 −0.2 1.5 0.8 0.0 0.1 −0.1 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 −0.2 0.9 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.9 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.5 1.6 1.3 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.3 4.1 1.5 1.3 1.9 0.0 10.8 2.9 0.4 3.5 1.7 1.7 0.1 0.0 5.9 17.6 9.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.3 4.9 7.2 −3.0 49.9 6.8 5.6 16.7 8.3 7.9 0.4 0.6 −1.0 79.5 40.8 0.6 0.8 0.3 11.2 1.5 2.5 4.5 1.4 3.1 0.0 0.2 9.0 19.9 9.1 5.8 13.0 −11.9 173.7 9.1 17.2 38.4 17.9 19.5 1.0 0.9 −9.5 239.4 157.6 0.7 2.3 0.0 63.6 11.6 24.1 31.1 12.0 18.9 0.1 −0.7 30.2 129.6 49.7 0.5 0.7 0.1 20.6 2.4 3.2 6.2 1.6 4.2 0.4 0.5 −4.0 32.8 17.5 1.3 2.9 0.0 37.4 7.2 16.8 25.4 10.1 12.7 2.6 0.9 72.9 87.7 28.1 0.7 1.9 0.2 21.0 4.2 7.8 18.4 7.3 9.2 1.9 −2.2 20.7 49.3 17.5 0.6 4.0 0.6 21.8 6.5 14.9 50.1 24.5 7.8 17.7 0.0 77.7 93.3 16.0 9.3 12.0 8.8 181.8 64.1 66.0 151.7 58.5 75.2 17.9 27.6 178.2 491.3 146.0 1.1 1.3 0.3 48.7 0.4 4.4 15.6 8.2 7.4 0.0 1.8 −0.9 70.9 43.9 6.8 8.3 0.0 180.2 3.8 21.7 76.7 30.5 38.3 7.9 3.3 62.9 285.7 127.7 0.3 0.9 0.1 9.4 1.1 1.8 2.0 0.4 1.4 0.2 −0.3 −4.3 14.0 9.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 21.4 1.6 2.9 4.1 0.4 3.2 0.5 1.8 −0.3 31.7 19.7 27.5 49.1 −1.4 790.9 113.5 183.3 424.2 172.7 201.1 50.5 33.9 432.6 1,545.7 642.0 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 135 Table 2.10 (Continued) NOMINAL Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, EXPENDITURES beverages, water, household (US$, billions) Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment Recreation domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and Commu- and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport nication culture Education (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) (11) (12) SINGLETONS Georgia 14.4 11.3 3.6 0.6 0.3 1.3 0.4 1.2 1.0 0.3 0.8 0.8 Iran, Islamic Rep. 576.3 255.9 62.1 1.2 11.0 73.7 9.5 20.8 18.7 8.0 6.2 8.1 Total (2) 590.7 267.2 65.6 1.8 11.2 75.0 9.9 22.0 19.8 8.3 7.0 8.9 WORLDg (179) 70,294.6 46,714.2 6,138.8 1,148.3 1,926.1 8,093.2 2,046.6 6,037.4 4,648.4 1,166.5 3,314.5 3,494.2 Source: ICP, http://icp.worldbank.org/. Note: n.a. = not applicable; ... = data suppressed because of incompleteness. a. The Arab Republic of Egypt participated in both the Africa and Western Asia regions. The regional results for Egypt were averaged by taking the geometric mean of the regional PPPs, allowing Egypt to have the same global results in each region. b. Sudan participated in both the Africa and Western Asia regions. The regional results for Sudan were averaged by taking the geometric mean of the regional PPPs, allowing Sudan to have the same global results in each region. c. The results presented in the tables are based on data supplied by all the participating economies and compiled in accordance with ICP principles and the procedures recommended by the 2011 ICP Technical Advisory Group. The results for China are estimated by the 2011 ICP Asia and the Pacific Regional Office and the Global Office. The National Bureau of Statistics of China does not recognize these results as official statistics. d. The Russian Federation participated in both the CIS and Eurostat-OECD comparisons. The PPPs for Russia are based on the Eurostat-OECD comparison. They were the basis for linking the CIS comparison to the ICP. e. The official GDP of Cuba for reference year 2011 is 68,990.15 million in national currency. However, this number and its breakdown into main aggregates are not shown in the tables because of methodological comparability issues. Therefore, Cuba’s results are provided only for the PPP and price level index. In addition, Cuba’s figures are not included in the Latin America and world totals. f. Bonaire’s results are provided only for the individual consumption expenditure by households. Therefore, to ensure consistency across the tables, Bonaire is not included in the Caribbean or the world total. g. This table does not include the Pacific Islands and does not double count the dual participation economies: the Arab Republic of Egypt, Sudan, and the Russian Federation. 136 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Individual Collective Individual Miscella- consumption consumption consumption Gross Changes in Balance consumption Restaurants neous Net expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery inventories of exports expenditure by and goods and purchases by by by capital and Construc- Other and and Domestic households hotels services abroad households government government formation equipment tion products valuables imports absorption without housing (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) 0.4 0.7 0.0 10.7 0.6 2.0 3.2 1.2 1.6 0.5 0.6 −2.7 17.1 10.1 3.0 27.2 6.5 240.8 15.1 48.4 147.9 66.9 76.5 4.4 62.7 61.5 514.8 181.2 3.3 27.9 6.5 251.5 15.7 50.4 151.1 68.1 78.1 4.9 63.3 58.8 531.9 191.3 2,627.2 6,131.5 −58.5 40,330.5 6,383.7 5,978.4 16,193.5 5,579.5 8,826.1 1,787.9 832.6 575.9 69,718.8 34,383.8 Presentation and Analysis of Results 137 Table 2.11 Nominal Expenditures Per Capita in U.S. Dollars, ICP 2011 Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, beverages, water, household NOMINAL EXPENDITURES Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment Recreation PER CAPITA (US$) domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication culture Education (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) (11) (12) AFRICA Algeria 5,518 2,483 745 43 72 121 62 176 300 141 63 237 Angola 5,311 3,224 1,323 140 163 338 180 169 173 33 69 158 Benin 801 647 312 19 27 66 17 22 47 20 10 33 Botswana 7,381 4,033 719 305 248 449 239 207 647 99 109 513 Burkina Faso 608 411 211 26 9 45 18 15 27 14 10 12 Burundi 240 224 98 31 2 35 2 6 15 3 2 12 Cameroon 1,327 1,040 478 27 86 95 96 16 85 16 16 24 Cape Verde 3,773 2,667 926 126 73 526 190 145 185 91 25 217 Central African Republic 486 449 258 41 32 22 23 7 16 4 8 13 Chad 1,053 723 348 34 16 68 48 51 68 27 17 10 Comoros 358 353 181 1 11 110 14 3 7 2 4 9 Congo, Rep. 3,575 885 325 36 24 116 31 69 72 46 24 66 Congo, Dem. Rep. 372 239 131 7 11 29 8 11 6 3 3 10 Côte d’Ivoire 1,291 922 392 29 32 90 76 39 101 26 32 39 Djibouti 1,276 912 274 71 27 285 51 29 57 3 11 59 a Egypt, Arab Rep. 2,888 2,297 962 75 139 300 111 210 136 59 68 152 Equatorial Guinea 24,621 3,168 1,201 72 96 448 120 297 254 119 59 155 Ethiopia 353 286 106 7 15 47 27 23 5 1 1 10 Gabon 11,114 4,236 1,273 239 214 607 193 291 355 188 96 222 Gambia, The 508 405 172 11 29 28 10 61 11 10 13 35 Ghana 1,585 1,060 394 15 151 107 74 36 69 16 11 146 Guinea 490 276 160 4 19 22 11 20 15 0 2 9 Guinea-Bissau 637 436 222 7 35 60 31 11 31 2 19 8 Kenya 825 722 247 35 18 56 33 52 73 22 25 104 Lesotho 1,151 1,270 325 34 158 133 110 55 42 36 44 120 Liberia 278 314 84 11 40 71 17 6 8 12 5 37 Madagascar 470 426 186 13 28 26 57 8 55 4 18 15 Malawi 476 470 229 23 12 51 48 19 37 8 11 24 Mali 672 449 209 6 26 44 27 18 59 10 18 20 Mauritania 1,295 758 457 7 25 72 21 30 33 29 7 56 Mauritius 8,611 6,804 1,969 567 397 1,050 544 337 916 207 443 543 Morocco 3,074 2,055 701 65 83 284 94 127 183 126 90 235 Mozambique 524 450 232 20 22 33 13 13 38 6 12 31 Namibia 5,369 3,841 769 155 184 734 275 424 156 31 152 539 Niger 399 320 134 7 25 32 15 13 24 7 18 10 Nigeria 1,520 979 370 14 141 100 69 31 65 15 11 125 Rwanda 579 503 241 17 17 83 16 13 32 6 8 26 138 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Miscel- Individual Individual Collective consumption laneous consumption consumption consumption Gross Changes in Balance expenditure by Restaurants goods Net expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery inventories of exports households and and purchases by by by capital and Other and and Domestic without hotels services abroad households government government formation equipment Construction products valuables imports absorption housing (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) 59 464 0 1,735 748 510 1,760 744 916 100 188 578 4,940 1,688 95 383 0 2,696 528 1,392 908 282 584 42 15 −227 5,538 2,618 60 20 −6 613 34 59 166 57 107 2 7 −78 879 571 160 337 0 3,502 531 866 2,423 999 1,394 29 494 −435 7,816 3,268 14 12 0 396 16 93 100 41 51 8 47 −43 651 373 9 5 4 208 17 31 46 20 23 3 2 −62 302 176 70 24 9 1,007 33 121 273 127 140 6 0 −107 1,435 948 327 167 −333 2,356 311 383 1,768 639 1,059 70 35 −1,079 4,853 2,055 9 17 0 437 12 22 75 21 40 13 0 −60 546 433 5 16 15 701 22 46 301 122 145 35 13 −30 1,082 650 0 11 1 351 2 82 48 21 24 2 13 −139 497 264 66 26 −17 795 90 172 1,232 200 1,020 11 0 1,286 2,289 740 14 6 0 230 9 43 88 32 52 3 0 1 370 215 13 42 10 872 50 102 144 51 86 7 −85 208 1,083 813 9 21 14 846 66 253 336 111 224 2 56 −281 1,557 686 72 163 −149 2,182 114 216 482 224 245 13 11 −119 3,006 1,980 108 173 65 2,956 213 448 8,136 4,167 2,657 1,313 0 12,869 11,752 2,715 13 30 0 278 8 22 91 34 41 16 7 −53 407 254 195 137 225 3,886 350 1,053 2,111 618 622 871 4 3,710 7,404 3,490 5 18 0 386 18 36 136 87 43 7 0 −69 577 376 0 40 0 974 87 177 406 230 151 25 30 −88 1,673 958 4 7 3 272 4 22 117 74 38 4 9 65 425 257 2 7 0 426 10 112 82 36 42 3 7 0 637 411 45 50 −38 624 99 69 165 91 74 0 4 −136 961 594 17 76 121 1,117 153 242 305 79 212 14 14 −680 1,831 1,024 2 22 0 313 2 34 36 31 4 0 18 −124 402 268 14 7 −4 413 13 34 82 36 42 4 0 −72 542 409 12 11 −14 443 27 33 79 59 16 5 −16 −90 566 411 8 11 −7 426 23 81 149 64 78 7 6 −12 684 396 5 14 0 671 87 197 744 366 312 66 −310 −94 1,389 627 234 427 −830 6,323 481 685 2,068 621 1,353 95 168 −1,113 9,724 5,861 119 134 −187 1,811 244 316 944 405 487 51 162 −403 3,477 1,638 4 23 5 418 32 38 93 32 62 0 11 −68 593 397 232 335 −146 3,313 528 831 1,143 419 685 39 −67 −379 5,748 2,834 16 19 0 309 11 40 148 65 79 3 0 −109 508 293 0 37 0 913 65 134 156 89 58 10 0 251 1,269 899 16 18 9 483 20 53 124 27 91 6 0 −101 680 429 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 139 Table 2.11 (Continued) Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, beverages, water, household NOMINAL EXPENDITURES Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment Recreation PER CAPITA (US$) domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication culture Education (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) (11) (12) São Tomé and Príncipe 1,473 1,723 941 78 68 163 58 68 169 22 25 67 Senegal 1,123 930 456 12 32 179 52 27 46 45 12 49 Seychelles 12,196 7,400 2,939 204 316 1,318 315 488 447 140 181 775 Sierra Leone 490 440 174 14 35 33 12 70 14 12 15 34 South Africa 7,963 5,438 964 239 235 741 333 602 703 140 222 581 Sudanb 1,656 1,162 601 8 52 170 75 15 95 19 27 38 Swaziland 3,399 3,063 1,399 27 171 412 325 195 238 40 130 257 Tanzania 517 353 233 2 24 25 15 12 14 0 4 17 Togo 599 530 230 12 26 41 24 34 30 12 7 36 Tunisia 4,340 3,231 711 103 223 456 197 228 462 114 106 256 Uganda 528 478 159 28 14 86 27 13 28 9 29 51 Zambia 1,544 853 498 7 54 102 13 44 12 22 6 53 Zimbabwe 695 663 370 22 36 42 19 18 50 1 14 47 Total (50) 1,838 1,230 429 39 76 146 70 83 108 32 35 107 ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Bangladesh 874 658 335 14 39 113 21 24 28 3 5 36 Bhutan 2,600 1,343 393 34 99 236 24 150 128 33 83 118 Brunei Darussalam 42,432 10,124 1,838 53 442 1,219 438 559 1,512 548 771 1,668 Cambodia 902 760 348 29 15 113 14 54 57 2 21 51 c China 5,456 2,341 440 50 162 325 114 351 137 79 127 236 Fiji 4,393 3,369 995 112 82 828 295 173 261 14 162 197 Hong Kong SAR, China 35,173 23,433 2,540 248 1,024 4,448 1,297 1,967 1,638 504 2,624 824 India 1,533 907 255 27 64 117 34 42 136 9 14 41 Indonesia 3,511 2,044 773 35 76 416 55 68 140 39 40 151 Lao PDR 1,262 740 378 38 12 95 20 17 78 9 20 31 Macao SAR, China 66,063 15,444 1,476 106 951 2,357 310 1,101 1,338 433 1,590 1,120 Malaysia 9,979 5,354 911 79 98 790 235 315 705 322 211 562 Maldives 6,653 2,521 487 113 51 981 102 146 97 50 50 331 Mongolia 3,701 2,246 642 160 112 322 33 105 353 66 64 226 Myanmar 914 638 333 13 20 84 9 39 21 10 7 53 Nepal 739 594 333 19 15 77 11 25 19 8 15 34 Pakistan 1,255 1,066 471 10 50 207 35 66 68 18 12 51 Philippines 2,379 1,831 748 22 25 217 72 58 189 55 32 130 Singapore 51,242 21,960 1,369 401 582 4,007 1,108 1,852 2,748 411 2,377 2,039 Sri Lanka 2,836 2,178 922 162 65 296 53 113 169 41 30 120 Taiwan, China 20,030 12,910 1,520 257 549 2,135 572 1,231 1,342 459 1,230 1,123 Thailand 5,395 3,343 857 118 113 304 136 254 468 69 156 293 140 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Miscel- Individual Individual Collective consumption laneous consumption consumption consumption Gross Changes in Balance expenditure by Restaurants goods Net expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery inventories of exports households and and purchases by by by capital and Other and and Domestic without hotels services abroad households government government formation equipment Construction products valuables imports absorption housing (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) 22 32 12 1,657 66 113 290 218 52 21 2 −655 2,129 1,566 8 36 −25 882 48 111 267 102 163 2 16 −202 1,325 787 52 226 0 6,442 959 2,479 4,138 1,702 2,261 175 711 −2,532 14,728 5,606 5 21 0 429 11 39 204 145 57 2 2 −195 685 417 113 619 −54 4,726 712 1,022 1,510 718 723 69 42 −49 8,012 4,219 26 30 6 1,153 9 104 369 193 176 0 43 −22 1,678 1,040 19 49 −198 2,873 190 316 316 122 147 46 0 −295 3,694 2,548 0 7 0 342 11 73 186 80 102 4 3 −99 616 341 43 57 −22 508 22 49 106 32 69 5 11 −96 695 488 307 202 −134 2,849 382 417 940 307 597 35 76 −323 4,663 2,498 14 20 0 434 45 9 130 38 87 6 2 −91 619 396 2 42 0 801 52 241 334 101 218 15 22 93 1,451 751 4 33 5 608 55 61 77 26 51 0 32 −138 834 584 34 96 −24 1,105 125 196 384 169 195 19 20 8 1,830 1,026 15 25 0 644 13 32 248 59 186 3 5 −68 942 586 15 29 0 1,136 206 309 1,730 715 1,014 1 −10 −772 3,372 974 508 570 0 8,263 1,861 5,347 5,557 1,667 3,501 389 −284 21,688 20,744 7,342 36 21 0 718 42 33 105 51 52 1 5 −1 903 641 119 201 0 1,875 467 341 2,487 713 1,570 204 146 140 5,316 1,690 89 160 0 3,128 241 266 850 410 319 121 132 −224 4,617 2,470 2,355 3,962 0 22,251 1,181 1,879 8,267 3,644 3,887 735 213 1,380 33,792 18,483 23 146 0 857 50 127 474 181 275 18 112 −87 1,620 778 147 103 0 1,917 127 189 1,122 185 910 27 106 50 3,462 1,668 22 22 0 717 24 98 451 135 220 96 19 −46 1,308 676 2,923 1,739 0 13,547 1,897 2,779 8,198 1,900 6,222 75 951 38,690 27,372 11,687 442 685 0 4,719 635 663 2,225 804 1,110 311 98 1,639 8,340 4,278 45 68 0 2,145 376 1,190 3,350 1,293 2,057 0 0 −408 7,061 1,360 39 122 0 2,031 215 264 1,743 1,038 644 62 445 −998 4,698 1,755 29 19 0 582 55 38 244 119 106 19 0 −6 920 537 12 25 0 568 25 49 153 33 85 35 118 −175 914 507 11 68 0 1,027 38 89 162 52 78 33 20 −82 1,337 944 65 218 0 1,748 82 149 445 171 222 52 41 −87 2,466 1,599 2,272 2,793 0 19,964 1,996 3,310 12,178 4,535 7,167 477 −608 14,401 36,841 16,531 83 124 0 1,980 198 221 768 235 485 48 81 −413 3,248 1,796 692 1,800 0 12,033 877 1,602 4,187 1,949 1,896 343 −10 1,341 18,689 10,256 261 315 0 2,948 395 487 1,443 967 454 22 30 92 5,303 2,739 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 141 Table 2.11 (Continued) Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, beverages, water, household NOMINAL EXPENDITURES Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment Recreation PER CAPITA (US$) domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication culture Education (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) (11) (12) Vietnam 1,543 978 253 27 40 224 56 71 98 7 39 84 Total (23) 3,527 1,786 425 40 104 262 77 183 152 48 80 147 COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES Armenia 3,363 2,988 1,630 135 104 241 41 183 154 159 68 133 Azerbaijan 7,285 2,989 1,103 70 277 239 149 128 312 168 103 220 Belarus 5,596 3,174 1,004 193 201 246 144 285 264 136 169 270 Kazakhstan 11,358 5,491 1,119 122 324 1,189 217 430 589 215 270 461 Kyrgyz Republic 1,178 1,103 417 50 79 81 39 57 116 71 46 89 Moldova 1,971 2,215 622 129 128 285 157 78 222 81 71 184 Russian Federationd 13,298 7,670 1,943 527 581 747 315 609 792 295 419 427 Tajikistan 846 974 431 3 83 59 33 44 76 59 20 41 Ukraine 3,575 2,830 927 164 150 304 104 248 294 58 116 251 Total (9) 9,870 5,772 1,525 364 417 606 235 455 592 217 300 356 EUROSTAT-OECD Albania 4,467 3,812 1,441 102 146 466 253 217 194 76 90 125 Australia 65,464 42,056 3,643 1,293 1,181 8,267 1,619 5,333 3,679 876 4,217 3,466 Austria 49,590 32,703 2,748 942 1,635 5,858 1,781 3,441 3,650 542 3,169 2,611 Belgium 46,759 31,959 3,185 828 1,187 5,661 1,352 4,649 2,930 507 2,366 2,947 Bosnia and Herzegovina 4,957 4,631 1,337 295 183 586 242 395 392 129 226 262 Bulgaria 7,284 5,120 960 337 142 815 354 498 793 276 417 258 Canada 51,572 35,250 2,615 969 1,163 6,790 1,555 4,480 4,160 693 2,818 2,765 Chile 14,546 10,009 1,440 272 497 1,454 635 955 1,134 352 687 846 Croatia 14,429 10,199 1,940 650 440 1,797 536 1,206 985 333 1,032 811 Cyprus 29,208 22,349 2,725 946 1,264 3,927 1,060 1,923 2,402 708 1,804 2,199 Czech Republic 20,592 12,642 1,585 992 329 2,881 568 1,494 1,002 326 1,161 881 Denmark 60,030 41,430 3,269 1,017 1,331 8,354 1,438 5,392 3,520 491 3,592 3,809 Estonia 16,821 10,305 1,692 777 550 1,855 321 932 1,096 318 794 814 Finland 48,686 35,144 3,209 1,282 1,280 6,940 1,382 4,244 2,949 552 3,368 2,859 France 42,728 31,505 3,221 764 1,021 6,318 1,392 3,951 3,419 661 2,517 2,302 Germany 44,365 30,903 2,769 779 1,175 5,836 1,512 3,915 3,360 634 2,419 1,811 Greece 25,654 20,948 3,196 858 736 4,687 784 2,081 2,329 576 1,133 1,387 Hungary 13,790 8,841 1,289 559 215 1,644 325 1,004 974 281 677 609 Iceland 43,969 30,161 3,200 931 917 4,962 1,524 3,766 3,262 505 3,007 3,070 Ireland 49,383 30,131 2,295 1,256 943 5,608 982 4,444 2,956 671 1,780 2,349 Israel 33,259 23,118 3,041 480 556 4,618 1,157 1,982 2,976 742 1,461 2,388 Italy 36,180 26,467 3,191 606 1,676 4,949 1,590 3,168 2,815 534 1,792 1,571 Japan 46,131 33,421 3,768 746 868 6,953 1,378 3,539 2,957 943 2,509 1,688 Korea, Rep. 22,388 13,403 1,490 260 583 1,876 383 1,476 1,356 494 938 1,475 142 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Miscel- Individual Individual Collective consumption laneous consumption consumption consumption Gross Changes in Balance expenditure by Restaurants goods Net expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery inventories of exports households and and purchases by by by capital and Other and and Domestic without hotels services abroad households government government formation equipment Construction products valuables imports absorption housing (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) 43 36 0 909 69 91 459 119 313 27 78 −64 1,607 771 89 180 0 1,552 234 234 1,334 411 826 97 107 67 3,460 1,390 35 94 11 2,814 174 261 875 146 706 23 33 −794 4,157 2,716 95 125 0 2,714 275 463 1,470 761 644 65 7 2,356 4,929 2,635 92 131 40 2,667 507 273 2,115 922 1,175 18 95 −60 5,656 2,577 189 365 1 4,858 634 578 2,378 685 1,548 145 485 2,426 8,932 4,028 43 46 −31 983 121 94 279 125 146 9 21 −319 1,498 964 34 192 31 1,903 312 85 459 145 277 37 17 −805 2,776 1,800 214 655 147 6,529 1,141 1,252 2,763 992 1,546 225 474 1,138 12,159 6,202 11 49 64 905 69 44 274 121 125 29 31 −477 1,323 890 62 153 −3 2,404 426 226 664 255 394 15 78 −222 3,798 2,256 160 455 90 4,936 835 853 2,080 752 1,178 150 332 834 9,036 4,650 96 214 394 3,587 226 246 1,477 311 1,133 33 −38 −1,030 5,497 3,299 2,455 6,176 −149 35,097 6,959 4,597 17,642 4,269 10,140 3,232 317 852 64,612 28,697 3,283 4,082 −1,036 27,158 5,546 3,863 10,521 4,023 5,463 1,036 1,019 1,484 48,106 23,482 1,459 4,519 371 24,651 7,309 4,123 9,687 3,620 5,193 874 601 388 46,371 20,835 291 418 −126 4,108 523 583 889 375 483 30 11 −1,157 6,114 3,835 313 316 −358 4,545 575 569 1,569 675 834 61 27 −2 7,285 4,059 1,889 4,864 490 28,724 6,525 4,663 12,075 2,402 8,024 1,649 224 −641 52,213 23,149 420 1,343 −27 8,909 1,100 645 3,262 1,280 1,733 250 153 477 14,070 8,058 1,533 886 −1,950 8,646 1,553 1,301 2,766 896 1,656 214 173 −10 14,439 7,644 3,226 1,904 −1,739 19,782 2,568 3,290 4,860 1,412 3,228 220 −20 −1,272 30,479 17,233 830 1,079 −486 10,422 2,220 2,049 4,969 2,206 2,488 275 78 854 19,738 8,692 1,497 7,653 67 29,229 12,201 4,825 10,417 3,650 5,270 1,497 213 3,147 56,884 23,461 652 950 −444 8,503 1,802 1,432 3,968 1,834 2,004 130 496 620 16,201 7,272 1,654 5,499 −75 27,141 8,003 3,914 9,452 2,267 6,360 825 527 −350 49,036 22,321 1,688 4,409 −160 24,664 6,841 3,619 8,539 2,310 5,313 916 331 −1,266 43,994 20,306 1,405 4,682 607 25,470 5,433 3,059 8,043 3,080 4,476 487 54 2,306 42,059 21,460 2,307 1,887 −1,013 19,138 1,810 2,649 3,887 1,569 2,046 272 246 −2,076 27,729 15,990 500 1,133 −370 7,348 1,493 1,409 2,470 1,035 1,287 148 179 891 12,900 6,433 1,878 3,174 −35 22,806 7,355 3,808 6,195 2,356 3,367 473 125 3,680 40,289 18,878 2,881 3,400 565 23,746 6,384 2,694 5,251 1,982 2,817 452 639 10,668 38,715 19,706 1,279 2,709 −272 19,051 4,067 3,594 6,796 2,177 3,287 1,331 −83 −165 33,424 15,434 2,238 2,666 −330 22,158 4,309 3,064 6,898 2,761 3,288 849 257 −506 36,686 18,739 1,787 6,037 248 27,915 5,506 3,924 9,496 3,706 4,474 1,315 −289 −420 46,551 22,150 936 1,956 180 11,879 1,524 1,912 6,165 2,180 3,494 491 456 452 21,936 10,575 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 143 Table 2.11 (Continued) Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, beverages, water, household NOMINAL EXPENDITURES Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment Recreation PER CAPITA (US$) domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication culture Education (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) (11) (12) Latvia 13,658 9,571 1,641 634 410 1,960 330 684 1,211 263 765 649 Lithuania 14,212 10,468 2,175 688 547 1,464 533 1,039 1,351 218 674 693 Luxembourg 111,689 46,959 3,533 3,634 1,981 10,446 2,723 5,075 8,175 718 3,639 4,897 Macedonia, FYR 5,050 4,181 1,284 127 187 731 155 264 376 222 132 222 Malta 22,201 15,901 2,367 465 633 1,888 1,063 1,890 1,971 586 1,685 1,135 Mexico 10,115 7,333 1,563 176 200 1,381 381 460 1,253 249 309 381 Montenegro 7,244 6,656 2,224 316 219 927 674 453 811 367 265 287 Netherlands 49,888 31,142 2,620 689 1,192 5,509 1,320 3,898 2,844 928 2,563 2,520 New Zealand 36,591 26,252 3,141 1,144 979 5,103 1,079 3,217 2,601 691 2,415 2,111 Norway 99,035 54,733 4,956 1,595 1,991 8,096 2,133 7,305 5,607 979 5,492 4,183 Poland 13,382 9,563 1,526 521 356 1,981 365 920 813 238 729 715 Portugal 22,396 17,213 2,536 510 840 2,442 833 2,100 2,003 445 1,255 1,331 Romania 8,549 6,175 1,456 266 201 1,175 261 686 584 263 380 295 Russian Federationd 13,298 7,670 1,943 527 581 740 315 605 792 295 410 424 Serbia 6,027 5,409 1,281 258 175 1,065 179 564 628 210 276 282 Slovak Republic 17,762 11,781 1,812 475 421 2,628 606 1,103 804 374 1,075 735 Slovenia 24,480 17,095 2,214 813 818 2,905 912 1,971 2,261 483 1,486 1,496 Spain 31,534 22,355 2,674 561 1,012 3,995 911 2,584 2,197 530 1,851 1,634 Sweden 56,704 38,081 3,237 962 1,284 7,202 1,339 4,585 3,534 881 3,477 3,730 Switzerland 83,854 53,258 4,231 1,697 1,588 11,376 1,970 7,159 4,283 1,135 4,281 4,232 Turkey 10,435 8,224 1,793 262 418 1,498 611 630 1,286 224 345 408 United Kingdom 39,241 30,769 2,211 863 1,410 6,122 1,205 3,417 3,272 521 3,431 2,442 United States 49,782 37,390 2,238 665 1,173 6,290 1,376 7,371 3,458 790 3,192 2,983 Total (47) 34,067 24,366 2,395 617 887 4,421 1,023 3,425 2,451 570 1,956 1,752 LATIN AMERICA Bolivia 2,360 1,478 499 23 32 157 105 128 253 16 15 90 Brazil 12,874 8,804 1,270 159 370 1,180 592 984 1,193 283 411 753 Colombia 7,142 4,860 807 135 284 697 185 361 538 193 229 420 Costa Rica 8,935 6,924 1,388 63 302 434 403 845 1,233 162 673 706 e Cuba … … … … … … … … … … … … Dominican Republic 5,541 4,926 1,195 292 160 730 176 307 636 208 107 218 Ecuador 5,226 3,505 711 87 141 475 247 285 391 188 179 360 El Salvador 3,701 3,644 930 72 192 611 345 291 317 125 165 168 Guatemala 3,247 2,922 1,132 47 153 367 161 196 209 212 89 121 Haiti 734 832 486 19 57 94 28 28 43 3 20 36 Honduras 2,282 1,961 580 62 86 242 79 192 187 62 73 170 Nicaragua 1,635 1,372 358 38 40 183 76 147 168 47 53 97 Panama 8,411 5,554 942 31 342 1,092 405 399 724 195 298 317 144 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Miscel- Individual Individual Collective consumption laneous consumption consumption consumption Gross Changes in Balance expenditure by Restaurants goods Net expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery inventories of exports households and and purchases by by by capital and Other and and Domestic without hotels services abroad households government government formation equipment Construction products valuables imports absorption housing (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) 397 629 −2 8,491 1,081 1,343 2,913 1,208 1,618 86 486 −655 14,313 7,353 257 915 −86 8,927 1,540 1,111 2,562 843 1,506 213 459 −387 14,599 8,341 2,840 8,174 −8,875 35,487 11,472 7,216 20,710 7,674 11,757 1,280 2,884 33,920 77,769 27,555 143 295 44 3,792 388 536 1,040 349 648 43 284 −991 6,041 3,351 2,579 2,038 −2,397 13,505 2,396 2,138 3,356 1,228 1,702 425 −51 857 21,344 12,255 274 740 −34 6,708 625 553 2,202 678 1,479 45 154 −127 10,242 5,595 983 452 −1,324 5,975 681 876 1,336 411 892 32 −18 −1,606 8,850 5,444 1,119 6,067 −127 22,632 8,510 5,425 8,900 2,746 5,034 1,120 139 4,283 45,605 19,035 1,545 2,758 −533 21,876 4,376 3,018 6,641 2,279 3,817 546 165 514 36,076 17,547 2,258 8,631 1,507 40,757 13,976 7,300 19,330 6,229 9,195 3,906 4,533 13,138 85,897 34,754 231 1,226 −57 8,178 1,386 1,020 2,703 1,016 1,519 168 249 −154 13,536 7,606 1,684 1,925 −691 14,786 2,426 2,034 4,028 1,199 2,474 355 100 −979 23,375 13,237 177 415 19 5,428 747 541 2,230 723 1,402 104 58 −455 9,004 4,692 214 676 147 6,529 1,141 1,252 2,763 992 1,546 225 474 1,138 12,159 6,209 107 454 −70 4,639 770 393 1,114 473 571 69 100 −989 7,016 4,010 509 1,233 6 10,233 1,548 1,652 4,109 1,362 1,855 892 123 97 17,665 9,297 994 1,706 −964 14,070 3,025 2,077 4,550 1,953 2,262 335 381 379 24,102 12,479 3,269 2,132 −994 18,470 3,886 2,827 6,531 1,898 3,346 1,287 153 −331 31,866 15,773 1,495 6,575 −221 27,228 10,854 4,202 10,602 3,930 5,162 1,510 658 3,161 53,543 21,976 3,199 8,107 0 48,070 5,188 4,050 17,244 7,560 7,816 1,868 600 8,704 75,150 38,542 483 603 −337 7,429 795 658 2,277 1,321 949 8 181 −905 11,340 6,323 2,028 3,687 160 25,337 5,433 3,176 5,636 1,146 3,225 1,265 254 −594 39,835 20,245 2,150 5,779 −76 34,329 3,061 5,034 9,064 3,252 4,150 1,662 117 −1,823 51,605 29,180 1,429 3,474 −34 20,918 3,448 2,974 6,671 2,297 3,464 910 198 −142 34,209 17,566 115 44 1 1,439 39 287 448 251 168 29 14 134 2,226 1,359 497 1,113 0 7,767 1,037 1,625 2,482 1,299 1,028 155 58 −94 12,968 6,961 508 501 1 4,381 479 648 1,684 583 1,037 63 13 −62 7,204 3,938 322 324 69 5,838 1,087 518 1,768 761 954 53 162 −438 9,373 5,650 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 401 522 −27 4,795 131 277 903 256 633 14 7 −572 6,113 4,309 141 320 −20 3,192 313 348 1,360 441 386 533 157 −144 5,370 2,834 246 204 −21 3,452 192 217 464 234 228 2 67 −691 4,392 3,083 169 120 −55 2,769 154 181 478 250 227 1 14 −348 3,595 2,485 2 17 0 823 9 1 213 5 207 0 0 −312 1,046 789 107 121 0 1,772 190 177 558 310 218 29 36 −450 2,732 1,644 83 104 −21 1,272 101 140 369 142 197 30 13 −259 1,894 1,154 289 520 0 5,066 488 549 2,197 996 1,200 1 91 21 8,390 4,259 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 145 Table 2.11 (Continued) Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, beverages, water, household NOMINAL EXPENDITURES Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment Recreation PER CAPITA (US$) domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication culture Education (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) (11) (12) Paraguay 3,836 2,920 807 37 152 264 236 237 250 108 189 271 Peru 6,066 3,792 858 84 236 400 188 245 405 148 226 319 Uruguay 13,722 10,363 1,915 243 466 1,978 574 1,249 764 409 349 675 Venezuela, RB 10,731 6,513 1,402 192 298 319 373 587 864 365 414 551 Total (17) 9,366 6,421 1,090 134 288 818 399 650 825 232 309 535 CARIBBEAN Anguilla 20,982 18,380 2,278 416 545 3,754 718 448 3,342 1,427 770 762 Antigua and Barbuda 13,172 8,975 1,386 146 205 2,462 386 802 939 461 291 505 Aruba 25,355 19,816 1,482 116 632 6,599 817 2,366 2,366 719 1,358 1,226 Bahamas, The 21,490 16,496 1,564 187 539 5,060 710 1,407 1,278 664 689 1,075 Barbados 15,483 13,790 1,908 212 252 7,192 377 638 956 578 508 679 Belize 4,721 3,587 650 56 281 898 235 265 461 114 235 191 Bermuda 85,839 67,145 5,816 1,156 1,333 18,618 3,181 5,524 4,109 1,819 3,849 4,935 Bonairef … … 1,222 67 522 … 658 … 1,935 584 … … Cayman Islands 56,883 42,553 2,590 489 1,258 14,655 1,994 1,930 3,977 1,824 2,063 2,121 Curaçao 20,055 15,378 1,624 187 1,166 4,905 463 1,173 1,448 589 682 634 Dominica 6,881 6,174 1,060 45 298 1,398 306 397 1,179 232 233 389 Grenada 7,410 7,204 1,419 127 315 1,394 295 290 1,306 699 192 446 Jamaica 5,248 4,883 1,370 66 88 662 272 295 695 132 433 361 Montserrat 11,343 10,808 1,700 223 133 2,025 448 1,093 2,886 696 322 640 St. Kitts and Nevis 13,744 10,290 1,695 283 439 2,700 650 600 929 532 363 556 St. Lucia 6,755 5,436 1,086 93 328 1,241 304 292 505 299 103 452 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 6,191 5,731 1,131 322 118 1,536 242 360 999 383 353 341 Sint Maarten 25,402 16,324 1,378 49 810 6,776 705 531 1,883 805 643 510 Suriname 8,082 3,098 1,155 83 109 528 149 152 237 112 111 40 Trinidad and Tobago 17,660 10,265 2,160 103 139 1,248 428 792 1,096 208 665 1,084 Turks and Caicos Islands 22,971 9,055 1,278 159 315 966 350 860 2,079 154 471 1,025 Virgin Islands, British 32,580 12,517 2,109 244 1,158 2,590 1,550 698 1,185 375 500 695 Total (22) 11,732 8,472 1,564 115 223 1,914 390 590 916 276 511 616 WESTERN ASIA Bahrain 24,200 10,580 1,421 39 603 2,158 751 768 1,103 492 679 1,174 Egypt, Arab Rep.a 2,888 2,297 962 75 139 300 111 210 136 59 68 152 Iraq 4,794 2,255 691 13 134 587 106 162 164 32 26 250 Jordan 4,615 3,681 1,027 117 161 738 157 257 372 144 60 452 Kuwait 52,379 14,541 2,236 33 1,126 3,393 1,776 1,145 1,068 484 506 1,407 Oman 21,234 7,647 1,490 19 431 1,394 295 446 1,220 362 262 852 Qatar 97,091 16,069 1,706 45 561 3,612 657 1,168 1,378 349 1,175 2,465 Saudi Arabia 23,594 8,667 1,374 30 417 1,798 571 717 587 362 264 1,489 146 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Miscel- Individual Individual Collective consumption laneous consumption consumption consumption Gross Changes in Balance expenditure by Restaurants goods Net expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery inventories of exports households and and purchases by by by capital and Other and and Domestic without hotels services abroad households government government formation equipment Construction products valuables imports absorption housing (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) 140 230 0 2,689 231 176 628 267 311 50 15 98 3,739 2,617 337 345 0 3,606 185 373 1,576 567 959 50 64 261 5,805 3,334 718 822 201 9,321 1,042 767 2,607 830 1,614 163 52 −67 13,789 7,818 785 335 27 5,919 593 643 1,903 863 972 68 573 1,100 9,631 5,689 431 707 1 5,743 678 1,004 1,869 886 866 117 89 −16 9,382 5,189 719 3,202 0 17,674 707 2,629 3,677 957 2,651 69 −328 −3,376 24,358 15,447 288 1,105 0 7,910 1,066 1,360 2,757 577 2,129 52 81 −1 13,173 6,398 454 1,681 0 15,734 4,082 2,415 6,692 1,653 5,040 0 403 −3,972 29,327 11,287 874 2,450 0 15,248 1,248 1,941 5,671 2,776 2,880 16 360 −2,978 24,468 11,692 2,540 1,133 −3,183 12,611 1,179 1,647 2,409 1,183 1,225 1 −138 −2,225 17,708 6,327 24 176 0 3,381 206 535 714 302 399 13 65 −179 4,901 2,566 7,811 8,994 0 57,654 9,491 7,079 17,377 8,989 8,351 37 959 −6,721 92,560 40,832 789 … 0 11,141 … … … … … … … … … 9,389 2,051 7,599 0 40,002 2,551 5,061 12,756 6,294 6,431 31 0 −3,487 60,369 28,763 474 3,188 −1,153 13,856 1,522 1,459 7,987 4,328 2,273 1,386 302 −5,071 25,126 11,050 169 469 0 5,630 543 936 1,584 765 789 30 −769 −1,043 7,924 4,704 126 520 75 6,665 539 622 1,513 590 895 28 −7 −1,922 9,332 5,887 599 576 −666 4,495 388 450 1,090 527 543 20 25 −1,201 6,450 4,095 34 1,157 −550 9,161 1,647 3,742 3,258 948 2,249 61 0 −6,465 17,807 8,092 585 957 0 9,409 880 1,476 4,250 1,055 3,116 79 2 −2,274 16,018 7,520 93 641 0 4,990 446 676 2,026 623 1,365 38 0 −1,384 8,139 4,249 180 486 −718 5,081 650 635 1,479 452 999 28 93 −1,747 7,938 4,184 269 1,966 0 15,346 978 3,232 4,264 2,311 1,213 740 0 1,582 23,820 10,249 39 383 0 3,022 76 921 2,990 2,456 478 56 562 512 7,570 2,844 945 1,396 0 8,090 2,176 297 2,649 1,306 1,287 56 0 4,449 13,211 7,319 334 1,065 0 8,235 820 4,375 3,329 1,163 2,166 0 17 6,195 16,776 7,692 676 737 0 11,436 1,081 1,682 7,790 3,445 4,105 239 −628 11,219 21,361 9,715 730 1,073 −445 7,460 1,012 833 2,495 1,248 1,180 67 86 −154 11,886 6,105 465 662 264 9,366 1,214 2,112 3,781 1,163 2,606 13 177 7,550 16,650 7,605 72 163 −149 2,182 114 216 482 224 245 13 11 −119 3,006 1,980 22 70 0 1,907 347 722 932 360 568 4 −21 906 3,888 1,490 75 107 13 3,296 385 510 989 259 669 61 73 −637 5,252 2,806 418 949 0 12,194 2,346 5,485 8,272 3,286 4,129 856 309 23,772 28,607 9,171 217 590 70 6,374 1,273 2,379 5,590 2,221 2,790 578 −657 6,275 14,959 5,302 318 2,273 361 12,399 3,670 8,462 28,453 13,926 4,450 10,077 0 44,107 52,983 9,088 327 422 311 6,407 2,260 2,326 5,345 2,062 2,652 631 974 6,282 17,312 5,146 (continued) Presentation and Analysis of Results 147 Table 2.11 (Continued) Alcoholic Housing, Furnishings, beverages, water, household NOMINAL EXPENDITURES Gross Actual Food and tobacco, Clothing electricity, equipment Recreation PER CAPITA (US$) domestic individual nonalcoholic and and gas, and and and Economy product consumption beverages narcotics footwear other fuels maintenance Health Transport Communication culture Education (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (10) (11) (12) b Sudan 1,656 1,162 601 8 52 170 75 15 95 19 27 38 United Arab Emirates 42,182 22,267 2,610 41 2,749 7,381 788 344 3,581 1,301 608 1,039 West Bank and Gaza 2,345 2,537 802 101 147 276 131 185 238 77 61 214 Yemen, Rep. 1,318 963 435 46 42 137 29 92 55 10 4 68 Total (12) 8,403 3,841 944 44 261 831 208 248 349 140 110 387 SINGLETONS Georgia 3,231 2,531 795 133 64 287 95 265 232 75 177 175 Iran, Islamic Rep. 7,669 3,405 826 16 146 980 126 277 249 106 82 108 Total (2) 7,420 3,356 824 22 141 941 125 276 248 104 87 112 WORLDg (179) 10,438 6,937 912 171 286 1,202 304 897 690 173 492 519 Source: http://icp.worldbank.org/. Note: n.a. = not applicable; ... = data suppressed because of incompleteness. a. The Arab Republic of Egypt participated in both the Africa and Western Asia regions. The regional results for Egypt were averaged by taking the geometric mean of the regional PPPs, allowing Egypt to have the same global results in each region. b. Sudan participated in both the Africa and Western Asia regions. The regional results for Sudan were averaged by taking the geometric mean of the regional PPPs, allowing Sudan to have the same global results in each region. c. The results presented in the tables are based on data supplied by all the participating economies and compiled in accordance with ICP principles and the procedures recommended by the 2011 ICP Technical Advisory Group. The results for China are estimated by the 2011 ICP Asia and the Pacific Regional Office and the Global Office. The National Bureau of Statistics of China does not recognize these results as official statistics. d. The Russian Federation participated in both the CIS and Eurostat-OECD comparisons. The PPPs for Russia are based on the Eurostat-OECD comparison. They were the basis for linking the CIS comparison to the ICP. e. The official GDP of Cuba for reference year 2011 is 68,990.15 million in national currency. However, this number and its breakdown into main aggregates are not shown in the tables because of methodological comparability issues. Therefore, Cuba’s results are provided only for the PPP and price level index. In addition, Cuba’s figures are not included in the Latin America and world totals. f. Bonaire’s results are provided only for the individual consumption expenditure by households. Therefore, to ensure consistency across the tables, Bonaire is not included in the Caribbean or the world total. g. This table does not include the Pacific Islands and does not double count the dual participation economies: the Arab Republic of Egypt, Sudan, and the Russian Federation. 148 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Individual Miscel- Individual Individual Collective consumption laneous consumption consumption consumption Gross Changes in Balance expenditure by Restaurants goods Net expenditure expenditure expenditure fixed Machinery inventories of exports households and and purchases by by by capital and Other and and Domestic without hotels services abroad households government government formation equipment Construction products valuables imports absorption housing (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) 26 30 6 1,153 9 104 369 193 176 0 43 −22 1,678 1,040 822 1,004 0 21,805 463 2,623 9,281 3,688 4,633 960 402 7,608 34,574 15,458 62 211 33 2,262 275 426 485 85 347 52 −80 −1,023 3,368 2,168 0 43 0 897 65 120 174 16 135 23 74 −14 1,331 825 117 208 −6 3,359 482 778 1,802 734 854 214 144 1,838 6,566 2,727 83 149 0 2,391 140 448 726 271 350 105 124 −599 3,829 2,250 39 362 87 3,204 201 643 1,968 890 1,018 59 835 818 6,851 2,411 42 350 82 3,159 197 632 1,898 856 981 62 795 739 6,681 2,402 390 910 −9 5,989 948 888 2,405 829 1,311 265 124 86 10,353 5,106 Presentation and Analysis of Results 149 Supplementary Table 2.12 Main Results and Reference Data, Pacific Islands, ICP 2011 INDIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION Expenditure Expenditure Price PPP Reference data EXPENDITURE BY per capita level HOUSEHOLD index (US$, millions) (US$) Exchange Population Expenditure rate in national Based on Based on Based on Based on (world = (US$ (US$ currency unit Economy PPPs XRs PPPs XRs 100.0) = 1.000) = 1.000) (thousands) (millions) (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (13)a (14)a (15) (16)b c PACIFIC ISLANDS American Samoad 469.0 432.0 7,032 6,478 109.9 0.921 1.000 66.69 432.0 Cook Islands 93.3 116.0 6,228 7,747 148.4 1.564 1.257 14.97 145.8 French Polynesia 3,351.8 4,272.1 12,330 15,716 152.0 119.593 93.830 271.83 400,850.5 d Guam 2,697.2 2,926.0 16,900 18,333 129.4 1.085 1.000 159.60 2,926.0 Kiribati 158.3 173.7 1,541 1,692 130.9 1.066 0.971 102.70 168.7 Marshall Islands 156.1 169.1 2,937 3,182 129.2 1.083 1.000 53.16 169.1 Micronesia, Fed. States 229.8 229.4 2,245 2,241 119.1 0.998 1.000 102.36 229.4 Nauru 69.2 86.1 6,860 8,540 148.5 1.209 0.971 10.08 83.6 New Caledonia 3,976.2 5,514.8 15,758 21,855 165.4 130.139 93.830 252.33 517,453.9 Niuee … … … … 164.2 1.730 1.257 1.61 … d Northern Mariana Islands 503.5 527.0 9,345 9,781 124.9 1.047 1.000 53.88 527.0 Palau 121.1 108.7 5,864 5,268 107.2 0.898 1.000 20.64 108.7 Papua New Guinea 7,284.5 7,325.3 1,032 1,038 120.0 2.138 2.126 7,059.65 15,573.5 Samoa 758.3 591.6 4,038 3,150 93.1 1.900 2.436 187.82 1,441.0 Solomon Islands 338.5 313.8 612 567 110.6 7.131 7.692 553.25 2,413.9 e Tokelau … … … … 115.6 1.218 1.257 1.21 … Tonga 436.3 407.8 4,225 3,950 111.5 1.639 1.753 103.25 714.9 Tuvalu 7.2 8.8 686 829 144.1 1.173 0.971 10.56 8.5 Vanuatu 367.7 462.2 1,460 1,836 149.9 115.827 92.150 251.78 42,591.0 e Wallis and Futuna … … … … 180.5 141.986 93.830 13.19 … Total (20) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 9,332.71 n.a. ECONOMIES FOR REFERENCEf Australia 507.3 798.9 22,288 35,097 187.8 1.527 0.969 22.76 774.5 Fiji 3.9 2.7 4,611 3,128 80.9 1.217 1.793 0.85 4.8 New Zealand 76.9 96.6 17,425 21,876 149.8 1.589 1.266 4.41 122.2 Source: ICP, http://icp.worldbank.org/. Note: n.a. = not applicable; PPP = purchasing power parity; XR = exchange rate; ... = data suppressed because of incompleteness. a. All exchange rates (XRs) and PPPs are rounded to three decimal places. b. Data source: World Development Indicators (World Bank) or National Accounts Main Aggregates (United Nations). c. Results for the Pacific Islands are provided only for the individual consumption expenditure by households. d. Therefore, to ensure consistency across the tables, the Pacific Islands are not included in the world totals in the main results tables. e. Data source, expenditure: Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S.Department of Commerce. No expenditure estimate is available for the economy. f. Data for the three economies involved in the linking of the Pacific Islands are shown for reference purposes only. Figures shown are from the main results tables for the respective economies. 150 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Supplementary Table 2.13 Estimated Results and Reference Data, Nonbenchmark Economies, ICP 2011 GROSS DOMESTIC Expenditure Expenditure Price PPP Reference data PRODUCT per capita level index (US$, billions) (US$) Exchange Population Expenditure rate in national Based on Based on Based on Based on (world = (US$ = (US$ currency unit Economy PPPs XRs PPPs XRs 100.0) 1.000) = 1.000) (thousands) (millions) (00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (13)a (14)a (15)b (16)b c NONBENCHMARK ECONOMIES Afghanistan 49.3 17.9 1,695 614 46.7 17.356 47.919 29.11 856.3 Argentina 691.2 446.0 16,972 10,952 83.2 2.665 4.130 40.73 1,842.0 Eritrea 6.8 2.6 1,139 440 49.8 5.932 15.375 5.93 40.1 Guyana 4.6 2.6 5,808 3,258 72.3 114.435 204.007 0.79 525.7 Kosovo 14.6 6.6 8,146 3,706 58.7 0.327 0.719 1.79 4.8 Lebanon 72.0 40.1 16,437 9,148 71.8 838.986 1,507.500 4.38 60,442.2 d Libya 69.3 34.7 11,358 5,687 64.6 0.613 1.224 6.10 42.5 Puerto Rico 123.8 98.8 33,512 26,734 102.9 0.798 1.000 3.69 98.8 e San Marino 2.1 2.0 66,240 65,462 127.4 0.710 0.719 0.03 1.5 f Somalia 3.0 … 301 … … 11,427.680 … 9.91 34,047.0 South Sudan 37.0 19.1 3,563 1,844 66.7 1.465 2.830 10.38 54.2 Syrian Arab Republicf 142.9 … 6,505 … … 21.325 … 21.96 3,046.3 Timor-Leste 2.2 1.1 1,857 960 66.6 0.517 1.000 1.18 1.1 Turkmenistan 58.0 29.2 11,361 5,725 65.0 1.436 2.850 5.11 83.3 Uzbekistan 129.5 45.3 4,412 1,545 45.1 600.579 1,715.428 29.34 77,750.6 Total (15) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 170.43 n.a. Source: ICP, http://icp.worldbank.org/. Note: n.a. = not applicable; PPP = purchasing power parity; XR = exchange rate; ... = data suppressed because of incompleteness. a. All exchange rates (XRs) and PPPs are rounded to three decimal places. b. Data source: World Development Indicators (World Bank). c. The results for the nonbenchmark economies are estimated only for reference purposes. Therefore, to ensure consistency across the tables, nonbenchmark economies are not included in the world totals in the main results tables. d. Data sources, exchange rate and expenditure: World Economic Outlook (International Monetary Fund). e. Data sources, exchange rate: World Economic Outlook (International Monetary Fund); expenditure: National Accounts Main Aggregates (United Nations). f. Data source, expenditure: National Accounts Main Aggregates (United Nations). No exchange rate information is available for the economy. Presentation and Analysis of Results 151 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS Size of economies The tables described and presented in the previ- In 2011 the PPP-based world GDP as repre- ous section provide PPP-based estimates of sented by the 177 economies was $90,647 billion expenditures and relative price levels for GDP compared with $70,295 billion measured by and 25 major aggregates. In this section, these exchange rates (XRs). Figure 2.1 shows that estimates are used to present analyses of the this 29 percent increase was produced by size of economies, measures of material well- the middle-income3 economies, whose share being, price level indexes, and measures of of world GDP went from 32 percent using equality for the 177 economies included in the exchange rates to 48 percent using PPPs. In tables. (All GDP expenditures unless otherwise low-income economies, PPP world shares were noted—such as exchange rate–based or in a more than twice as large as exchange rate local currency unit—are PPP-based estimates.) shares in 2011, and yet accounted for only By way of explanation, of the 199 economies 1.5 percent of the global economy with nearly that participated in ICP 2011, it was only pos- 11 percent of the world’s population. High- sible to provide the full set of results for 177 income economies accounted for about half of economies.1 Partial results are provided for the world GDP. The figure also shows, for refer- remaining economies. The Pacific Islands com- ence, the share of GDP by income group as it parison, for example, covered only household stood in 2005.4 consumption, and those results are given in Although high-income economies account supplementary table 2.12. for 50 percent of world GDP, they are home to The analyses make only limited reference to only about 17 percent of the world’s popula- ICP 2005.2 The addition of 53 economies (ICP tion. In 2005, 35 percent of the world’s popula- 2011 covered 199 economies compared with tion was in low-income economies. This figure 146 by ICP 2005), the shifting of economies from dropped to 11 percent in 2011 because the one region to another, and improvements in the percentage of the world’s population in middle- methodology limit the comparisons that can be income economies rose from 48 percent to made between the two benchmarks. Moreover, 72 percent. the world has changed since 2005, with some Figure 2.2 shows the distribution of global economies enjoying remarkable GDP growth GDP by ICP region, comparing PPP-based shares rates even though they were buffeted by the with exchange rate–based shares. According to global financial crisis at the midpoint of the the PPP-based distribution, the Asia and the 2005–11 period. However, a major outcome of ICP 2011 is the 3 The categorization of economies is based on the Atlas conversion factor, finding that the world is more equal because which is the average of an economy’s exchange rate (or alternative consumption and GDP values in most poor conversion factor) for that year and its exchange rates for the two preceding years, adjusted for the difference between the rate of inflation economies are larger relative to those of the in the economy and international inflation. International inflation is United States than previously thought. The fol- determined by inflation in a subset of economies. Since 2001, the subset lowing sections present the major outcomes by has included the Euro Area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The income categories for 2011 are as follows: low-income reviewing results for the size of economies, economies, gross national income (GNI) per capita of less than $1,025; material well-being, price levels, and measures middle-income economies, $1,026–$12,475; high-income economies, more of inequality. than $12,475. Three Caribbean islands—Anguilla, Montserrat, and the British Virgin Islands—are not classified by income group. Thus they are not included in the analyses and tables related to income groups. For detailed information on the classification, visit http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-classifications. 1 4 The main tables cover 179 economies, but two of the economies—Cuba For 2005, 142 economies for which both benchmark ICP data and 2005 and Bonaire—do not have a full set of results and are not included in income classification were available are included in figure 2.1. The either the regional or world totals. Nor are they included in the analyses income categories for 2005 are as follows: low-income economies, GNI in this chapter. per capita of less than $875; middle-income economies, $876 –$10,725; 2 The 2005 data used in this section are based on the ICP 2005 global high-income economies, more than $10,725. The comparison between report (World Bank 2008). They differ from the revised 2005 data in the two benchmarks is limited by the fact that 40 economies moved up appendix H of this report. in income classification between 2005 and 2011. 152 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Figure 2.1 Percentage of PPP-Based and Exchange Rate–Based GDP and Population by Income Group, ICP 2011 and ICP 2005 2011 2005 80 80 78.0 72.1 67.3 60.5 60 60 50.3 48.2 48.2 Percent Percent 40 40 35.4 32.0 32.4 20 20 16.4 18.9 16.8 11.1 7.1 1.5 0.7 3.1 0 0 High-income Middle-income Low-income High-income Middle-income Low-income (56 economies) (86 economies) (32 economies) (56 economies) (86 economies) (32 economies) PPP-based Exchange rate–based Population Source: ICP, http://icp.worldbank.org/. Note: Figure based on unrevised 2005 data. Income categories for 2011: low-income economies, gross national income (GNI) per capita of less than $1,025; middle-income economies, $1,026–$12,475; high-income economies, more than $12,475. Income categories for 2005: low-income economies, GNI per capita of less than $875; middle- income economies, $876–$10,725; high-income economies, more than $10,725. GDP= gross domestic product; PPP = purchasing power parity. Pacific region accounted for over 30 percent of Figure 2.2 PPP-Based and Exchange Rate–Based GDP Regional world GDP in 2011. The Eurostat-OECD region Shares (World = 100), ICP 2011 becomes significantly smaller when PPP-based 100 2.8 4.5 0.1 GDPs are used. The following sections will shed 0.1 5.3 5.5 more light on these distributions. Chile and Mexico are not included in the Latin America 80 and Caribbean regions; rather, they are in the Eurostat-OECD region, along with Japan and Percentage of world GDP the Republic of Korea. 53.7 Table 2.14 shows the share of world GDP of 60 70.1 the 12 largest economies. In 2011 six of the 12 largest economies (identified in the table by boldface) were in the middle-income category, 40 but together with the other six economies they 4.8 accounted for two-thirds of the world’s econ- omy and 59 percent of the world’s population. Except for Brazil, the shares of world GDP of the 20 3.4 30.0 middle-income economies increased when using 17.9 PPPs instead of exchange rates to measure GDP. The United States remained the world’s largest 4.5 2.7 0 economy, but it was closely followed by China Share of GDP (PPP-based) Share of GDP (exchange rate–based) when measured using PPPs. India was now the Western Asia Commonwealth of Independent States world’s third largest economy, moving ahead of Caribbean Asia and the Pacific Japan. Latin America Africa The largest economies were not the richest, Eurostat-OECD as shown in the ranking of GDP per capita in table 2.14. The middle-income economies with Source: ICP, http://icp.worldbank.org/. Note: Singleton economies account for 1.5 percent in PPP terms and 0.8 percent in exchange rate terms. The large GDPs also had large populations, setting percentage shares add up to more than 100 because of dual participating economies that are counted in two the stage for continued growth. regions. Presentation and Analysis of Results 153 Table 2.14 Twelve Largest Economies by Share of World GDP, Table 2.15 Percentage of GDP to U.S. GDP ICP 2011 (PPP-Based) for 12 Largest Economies, ICP 2011 and ICP 2005 Share of Ranking Ranking Share of world GDP by GDP Economy 2011 2005 by GDP world GDP (exchange per capita United States 100.0 100.0 (PPP- (PPP-based, rate–based, (PPP- based) Economy world = 100) world = 100) based) China 86.9 43.1 1 United States 17.1 22.1 12 India 37.1 18.9 2 China 14.9 10.4 99 Japan 28.2 31.3 3 India 6.4 2.7 127 Germany 21.6 20.3 Russian Federation 20.7 13.7 4 Japan 4.8 8.4 33 Brazil 18.1 12.8 5 Germany 3.7 5.2 24 France 15.3 15.0 6 Russian Federation 3.5 2.7 55 United Kingdom 14.2 15.4 7 Brazil 3.1 3.5 80 Indonesia 13.2 5.7 8 France 2.6 4.0 30 Italy 13.2 13.1 9 United Kingdom 2.4 3.5 32 Mexico 12.2 9.5 10 Indonesia 2.3 1.2 107 Source: ICP, http://icp.worldbank.org/. 11 Italy 2.3 3.1 34 12 Mexico 2.1 1.7 72 Source: ICP, http://icp.worldbank.org/. region. In Africa, shares range from 3.7 percent Note: The six of the 12 largest economies that are in the middle-income category are in of the world expenditures for health care to boldface. 8.2 percent for food and nonalcoholic beverages. The food and nonalcoholic beverage expenditure It is difficult to compare the results of the share exceeds those of the other aggregates 2005 and 2011 rounds of the ICP because the shown for Africa, but it is the smallest shown for number of economies compared was very differ- the Eurostat-OECD region, except for construc- ent, as noted. Table 2.15 shows the relative size tion. The regional shares for construction in the of the largest economies compared with the Asia and the Pacific region far exceed the shares United States. India went from the 10th largest of the other aggregates shown. economy in 2005 to the third largest in 2011. The construction aggregate is examined in Relative to the United States, Japan and the more detail in table 2.17, which shows shares United Kingdom became smaller, while Germany of construction expenditures as a percentage of increased slightly and France and Italy remained the total for the six economies with the largest the same. The relative shares of the three Asian values. China accounts for nearly 35 percent economies—China, India, and Indonesia—to of the world’s expenditures on construction. the United States doubled, while Brazil, Mexico, Together, these economies account for over and Russia increased by one-third or more. As 61 percent of the world’s expenditure on con- discussed elsewhere in this report, some of the struction and over 53 percent of the world’s large differences in the Asian economies and expenditure on machinery and equipment. developing economies in general can be attrib- Table 2.6 shows the world shares for GDP and uted to the changes in the methodology used for 25 major aggregates and provides more detail on the two benchmark comparisons. the relative sizes of economies and how they are Table 2.16 provides an example of how the distributed by region. GDP shares relate to world shares of major aggregates for the ICP regions. The regional GDP Material well-being shares are the same as those shown in figure 2.2. The remaining columns of the table show the An economy’s GDP divided by its population regional shares for selected aggregates. Note the provides a measure of its relative material well- variability in the aggregate shares for each being compared with that of other economies. 154 Purchasing Power Parities and the Real Size of World Economies Table 2.16 Regional Shares of World GDP and Major Aggregates, ICP 2011 percent Region GDP Food Housing Health Education Construction Africa 4.5 8.2 4.7 3.7 7.4 4.0 Asia and the Pacific 30.0 35.2 25.3 27.3 30.5 55.2 Commonwealth of Independent States 4.8 6.8 6.4 3.8 7.2 2.1 Eurostat-OECD 53.7 44.3 56.7 59.7 46.2 30.7 Latin America 5.5 6.7 5.1 5.5 7.5 4.6 Caribbean 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 Western Asia 4.5 4.5 5.8 2.5 4.8 4.1 Source: ICP, http://icp.worldbank.org/. Note: The percentage shares add up to more than 100 because of dual participating economies that are counted in two regions. Table 2.17 Shares of World Expenditure on that are below that average. The approximate Construction and Machinery and Equipment of median expenditure per capita of $10,057 means Economies with Largest Construction Shares, that half of the world’s population is experienc- ICP 2011 ing expenditures per capita above that amount percent and half are experiencing those below. Although comparisons with the 2005 ICP results should be Machinery and Economy Construction equipment carried out with caution, 25 percent of the popu- lation lived in economies above the world aver- China 34.6 16.7 age in 2005 compared with 28 percent in 2011. India 9.0 4.5 These differences are within the range of statisti- United States 7.2 21.3 cal variability. Indonesia 5.6 0.9 As a group, the middle-income economy Brazil 2.5 3.1 shares of world GDP are nearly as large as the Japan 2.4 6.9 high-income economy shares, and the middle- Total 61.3 53.4 income economies have the largest shares of Source: ICP, http://icp.worldbank.org/. gross fixed capital formation (GFCF). However, the expenditures per capita of the middle- income economies are significantly lower than The GDP per capita comparison between econo- those of the high-income economies. Recall that mies is best carried out using PPPs. Table 2.18 72 percent of the world population is in middle- shows the PPP-based world shares and expendi- income economies, led by China and India. tures per capita for GDP, with the economies The world shares and expenditures per capita grouped into the high-, middle-, and low- for the major aggregates are consistent with income categories used in figure 2.1. Huge dif- the measures for GDP. One exception is gross ferences in the per capita levels are evident fixed capital formation for the middle-income between income categories. economies, where the world share for GFCF The PPP-based expenditures per capita aver- at 55.4 percent greatly exceeds that for other age $40,282 over the 56 high-income economies. aggregates. This is consistent with the expendi- However, the 24 economies with GDP expendi- ture shares shown in table 2.17 for construction tures per capita above this average account for and machinery and equipment for China, India, over 40 percent of world GDP. Further analysis and Indonesia. shows that the distribution of expenditures per Figure 2.3 is a view of the regional per capita capita is highly skewed. Twenty-eight percent of values as a ratio of the world average for GDP, the world’s population lives in economies with actual individual consumption (AIC), collective GDP expenditures per capita above the $13,460 government, and GFCF. AIC per capita provides world average, and 72 percent live in economies a general measure of the material well-being of Presentation and Analysis of Results 155 Table 2.18 PPP-Based Shares of World GDP and Per Capita Measures: High-, Middle-, and Low-Income Economies, ICP 2011 High-income Middle-income Low-income World economies (56) economies (86) economies (32) (174) EXPENDITURE SHARE (PPP-BASED, WORLD = 100) Gross domestic product 50.3 48.2 1.5 100.0 Actual individual consumption 53.6 44.5 1.9 100.0 Individual household consumption 54.5 43.5 2.0 100.0 Individual government consumption 49.0 49.8 1.2 100.0 Collective government consumption 50.6 48.1 1.3 100.0 Gross fixed capital formation 43.3 55.4 1.3 100.0 Domestic absorption 50.1 48.2 1.7 100.0 AVERAGE EXPENDITURES PER CAPITA (PPP-BASED, US$) Gross domestic product 40,282 9,004 1,839 13,460 Actual individual consumption 27,570 5,345 1,473 8,647 Individual household consumption 23,207 4,309 1,263 7,144 Individual government consumption 5,149 1,221 188 1,766 Collective government consumption 3,703 822 143 1,230 Gross fixed capital formation